K THUT CHUYN MCH

ATM
Noi dung :

Phan tch cac cong nghe chuyen mach

Mo hnh chuyen mach
y n mach ATM
Kien truc chuye
Mot so phan t chuyen mach thc te
Khungg chuyey n mach ATM
PHAN TCH
CAC CONG NGHE
CHUYEN MACH
CHUYEN MACH
 CHUYEN MA
CHUYEN MACHCH KENH
KENH

Da tren nguyen ly a hp phan chia thi gian TDM

Mot ket noi luon s dung cung mot khe thi gian
trong cac khung truyen c lap lai nh ky.
S chuyen
S chuyen ma
mach ch th
thcc hien chuyen
chuyen noi dung cua
cua khe
thi gian tren mot lien ket vao en mot khe thi gian
tren lien ket ra khac
 CHUYEN MACH KENH

t
Timeslot

x v z y x v I1 O1 x a b x a b
I2 O2
Frame v z v z

Frame
In Synchronization Og
a l b a f c y f c y

Incoming link /Timeslot Outcoming link

/Tomeslot

Timeslot / link translation

table
 CHUYEN MACH KENH
Mot so ac iem

o tr hoan tren mot kenh truyen la nh

o bien ong tre rat nho va co nh
Toc o truyen co nh (v du 64kbps) => khong phu
h p vi cac dch
h d h vu co toc
o bi
bit bi
bien
oi
Ch co mot loai toc o (64kbps) => khong phu hp cho
tat ca
tat ca cac
cac loa
loaii dch vu
vu
CHUYEN MACH KENH A TOC O
CHUYEN MACH KENH A TOC O
CHUYEN MACH KENH A TOC O

Cung da tren nguyen ly TDM

Mot ke
kett noi
noi co
co the
the dung
dung n ke
kenhnh c s
s
Mot so kho khan va phc tap:
N kenh
kenh cho mot ke
kett noi
noi phai
phai
cc ong
ong bo nhau trong
khi cac kenh nay lai c chuyen mach rieng biet.
Kho chon la cac toc o c ban e phu hp vi moi
loai dch vu
 CHUYEN MA
CHUYEN MACHCH KENH
KENH A TO
TOC C O

Vann con
Va con mot so
so ha
hann che
che
S dung tai nguyen khong hieu suat
Kho pphu hp p vi at tnh cac dch
vu trongg tngg lai.
Khong ap ng hieu qua oi vi s dao ong va ot bien
thong tin
 CHUYEN MA
CHUYEN MACHCH NHANH

Tai nguyen mang ch c cap cho mot ket noi khi co

thong tin truyen
La mot cai
La cai tien
tien cua
cua chuyen
chuyen mach
mach kenh
kenh e
e ap
ap ng
ng
cho lu thong ot bien
 CHUYEN MA
CHUYEN MACHCH NHANH

Cac ha
Cac hann che
che :
S phc tap cho thiet ke va ieu khien he thong.
Co the xay ra trng hp he thong khong thoa man
nhng yeu cau ong thi cua nhieu ket noi
 CHUYEN MA
CHUYEN MACHCH GOI
GOI

Da ttren phng
D h thc ttruyen PTM (P(Packet
k tT Tranfer
f
Mode)
Thong tin truye
y n c ong thanh cac ggoi co chieu dai
thay oi => quan ly cac bo em phc tap
Co c che ieu khien lu lng va sa sai tren tng
li n ke
lie k t => o
tre
t cao kho
kh ng phu
h h
h p v
i cac dch
d h vu
thi gian thc
 CHUYEN MA
CHUYEN MACHCH GOI
GOI

The he ke
The ke tiep
tiep cua
cua chuyen
chuyen ma
machch goi
goi la
la chuyen
chuyen tiep
tiep khung (Frame
Relay) va chuyen mach khung
CHUYEN MACH GOI NHANH- Phngg thc
truyen bat ong bo (ATM)

Co
Co nhieu
nhieu ten
ten go
goii khac
khac nhau : Chuyen
Chuyen mach
mach goi
goi
nhanh, Phan chia thi gian bat ong bo ATD
(Asynchronous Time Division) va ATM.
Co
C kh
kha nang van chuye
h n va chuye
h n mach cho
h bbat kky
loai dch vu nao (oc lap dch vu).
CHUYEN MACH GOI NHANH- Phngg thc
truyen bat ong bo (ATM)

Thch h
hpp cho ma
mang
ng bang
bang rong a dch vu
vu v nhng
nhng u
iem sau :
o Toc o cao
o Mem deo va an toan trong tng lai
o S dung tai nguyen mang hieu suat
o MaM ng to
t ng th
the
MO HNH CHUYEN MACH
CU TRUC
TRUC TE
TE BAO
BAO ATM

Bit 8 1
Byte
GFC VPI 1
VPI VCI 2
Header VCI 3
(5 b
bytes)
t ) VCI PT CLP 4
HEC 5
6
PAYLOAD .
(48 bytes) .
53
 KET NO
KET NOII AO
AO

Ket noi ao co 2 loai :

VCC (Virtual Channel Connection)
VPC (Vi (Virtuall P
Path hC
Connection)
i )
MO HNH CHUYEN
MO CHUYEN MA
MACHCH

Co 3 mo
Co mo hnh :
Chuyen mach VP
Chuyen mach VC
Chuyen mach VP + VC
 CHUYEN MACH VP

o VCI = Virtual Channel Identifier

o VP = Virtual
Vi t l Path
P th
o VPI = Virtual Path Identifier
CHUYEN MACH VC
CHUYEN MA
CHUYEN MACHCH VP + VC
KIEN TRUC CHUYEN MACH ATM
CAC HOAT ONG TRONG CHUYEN MACH
ATM

Chuyen mach : gom chuyen mach khong

gian va chuyen mach mao au (nhan dien
kenh luan ly)
Xep hang
a hp va giai a hp
NGUYEN LY CHUYEN MACH
NGUYEN LY
NGUYEN LY CHUYEN
CHUYEN MACH
MACH
CAC YEU
CAC YEU CAU
CAU OI
OI V
VII CHUYEN
CHUYEN MA
MACHCH ATM

8 11
10 10
T
Toc o
tho
th ng tin
ti
Kha nang broadcast / multicast
Hieu suat : tac nghen, xac suat mat cell, o
tre chuyen mach (10-1000s)
CAC LOA
CAC LOAII PHA
PHAN N T
T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MACH
MACH

Phan loai theo nguyen ly sap hang da vao v tr

bo
cua b e
m.
Sap hang au vao
SaS p hhang
au ra
Sap hang trung tam.
 CAC LOAI PHAN T CHUYEN MACH

Sap hang
Sap hang au
au vao
vao
 CAC LOAI PHAN T CHUYEN MACH

Sap hang au ra
 CAC LOA
CAC LOAII PHA
PHAN N T
T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MACH
MACH

Sap hang
Sap hang trung tam
tam
CAC THONG SO THC HIEN CUA PHAN T
CHUYEN MACH ATM

Kch
K h thc ha
h ng
Toc o bo nh
ieu khien
ieu khien bo nh
nh
 TC B NH

Tnh toan toc o bo nh cho chuyen mach NxN, toc o

tren moi
tren moi lien
lien ket
ket la
la F,
F o rong cua
cua bo nh
nh la
la W (n v bit)
- V du : N = 16, F=150Mbps, va W = 16
MOT SO
SO PHAN
PHAN T
T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MACH
MACH
THC TE
PHAN T
PHAN T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MA
MACHCH KNOCKOUT

Cong bo vao nam 1987, do hang ATT Bell

Theo nguyen ly sap hang au ra
Co cau truc tap trung e giam yeu cau ve toc o bo
nh
h a
u ra
PHAN T CHUYEN MACH KNOCKOUT
Bo giao tiep
tiep Bus
 Bo tap trung - xac xuat mat cell trong bo
tap trung

Xac xuat k cell ti ong thi tai au vao cua bo tap trung

k N k
P P = C k
P P
1
k N k
P
Pk = CNk 1 k N
N N N N

Neu ch co L cell qua bo tap trung th xac xuat mat cell la

k N k
1 N k P P
P[ cell _ loss] = k =L+1 (k L)C N 1
P N N
Bo tap trung-xac suat mat cell trong bo
tap trung ((tt))
Bo tap trung-xac suat mat cell trong bo tap
trung (tt)
 Bo tap trung
trung-Hoat
Hoat ong

Bo tap trung c cau truc t 2 loai phan t: phan t

chuyen mach 2x2 va phan t tre

input

winner loser output

Chuyen mach canh tranh 2x2 Phan t tre

Bo tap trung-Hoa
trung-Hoatt ong
 Bo em va
va bo dch

Co L bo em hoat ong nh ch la 1 hang i.

Bo dch thc hien hoat ong dch cac cell t bo tap trung
a ra L bo em vi mot s am bao cac cell c lu
vao L bo em theo th
vao th t
t t
t trai
trai sang phai,
phai t
t di
di len
len
tren.
Cac cell c lay ra khoi L bo em e a ra au ra cung
theo th t t trai sang phai, t di len tren
H t o
Hoa ng cua bbo d
dchh
PHAN T
PHAN T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MA
MACHCH ROXANNE

Do Alcatel a ra vao nam 1990.

Da tren nguyen ly sap hang trung tam.
Con c goi la ISE (Integrated Switching Element).
PHAN T CHUYEN MACH ROXANNE
S o chc nang
 PHAN T
PHAN T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MA
MACHCH Coprin

Do CMET thiet thiet ke.

ke.
Da tren nguyen ly sap hang trung tam.
Mau au tien c thc hien vi ket noi
280Mbps p va cac cell co 15 byte
y ppayload
y va
1 byte header.
 PHAN T
PHAN T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MA
MACHCH Coprin
S o chc nang gom 4 phan chnh : Sieu a hp,
bo em, bo giai
giai a hp
hp va
va bo ie
ieu u khien
khien
PHAN T CHUYEN MACH Coprin Bo
sie
i u a
h
h p
PHAN T CHUYEN MACH Coprin
p
Bo sieu a hp
PHAN T CHUYEN MACH Coprin
Bo em va bo giai a hp
PHAN T CHUYEN MACH Coprin
 PHAN T
PHAN T CHUYEN
CHUYEN MA
MACHCH Athena

c
c co
cong
ng bo
bo vao
vao na
nam m 1987
1987.
Phan t chuyen mach Athena au tien
co kch c 16x16 va toc o cua moi lien
ket la 600 Mbps.
p
Da tren nguyen ly sap hang au ra.
PHAN T CHUYEN MACH Athena
S o
S ch
h c nang
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM - Nguyen ly
Mang lien ket a tan MIN (Multistage
Interconnection Network)
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Nguyen ly
Nguyen ly Ma
Mangng t
t nh tuyen
tuyen Delta
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM-Nguyen ly-
Cac at iem chnh cua khung Delta

Chung c cau truc t nhng pphan t

chuyen mach bxb giong nhau.
Do momo hnh lien
lien ket ket va
va ieu
ieu ho
hoaa ta
tao o
cho chung rat phu hp cho cong nghe
tch
h h
h p c rat lln
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM - Nguyen
ly-Cac at iem chnh cua khung Delta

Chung co ac tnh t nh tuyen va yeu cau

con so
l (kch
log (kb N
h thc cua the
th nh
h tuye
t n) e

nh tuyen cho mot cell i t loi vao ti loi
ra
Chung
Chung gom
gom log b N tang,tang, moi
moi ta
tangng co
co N/b
phan t chuyen mach c ban
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM -
N
Nguye
n lly-Ca
C nh tranhh trong mang Delta
D l
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM Nguyen ly
Cac giai phap giam tac nghen trong khung
chuye
y n mach
1. Cung cap cac bo em (hang i) trong
moi phan t chuyen mach trong khung
chuyen mach.
2. Tang toc o lien ket ben trong cua khung
so vi
vi lien
lien ke
kett be
benn ngoai
ngoai nha
nham m gia
giam m tai
tai
lien ket ben trong e at c xac suat
canh tranh
t h ba b ng 0.
0
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM Nguyen ly
C c gia
Ca i i pha
h p gia
i m tac nghe
h n trong khung
kh
chuyen mach
3. Dung mot c che ap ng phan hoi
(backpressure) gia cac node chuyen
mach e tri hoan viec truyen cell b
nghen.
4 Dung
4. Dung nhieu
nhieu mang
mang song song (a mat
bang) e cung cap nhieu con ng i
gia
i lo
l i vao va lo
l i ra.
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM Nguyen ly
C c gia
Ca i i pha
h p gia
i m tac nghe
h n trong khung
kh
chuyen mach

5 T
5. Tao nhie
hi u lie
li n kket bben ttrong giia cac
node chuyen mach . ieu nay co the gay
ra s
mat th t
t cua cac cellll ti
au ra
cua khung chuyen mach, a en mot
nhu
h cau sap xep la
l i cac cell ll a
u ra cua
khung.
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Cac loai khung chuyen mach

Co 2 loa
Co loaii khung :
1. Khung co nghen ben trong (co mat cell).
2. Khung khong co nghen ben trong (khong
mat cell)
mat cell).
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong

T le mat
mat cell tuy
tuy thuoc vao
vao phng thcthc
nh tuyen trong khung
Pha
Ph n lloai phng
h thcth nh
h ttuyen th
theo 2
thong so : Thi iem quyet nh nh tuyen
va ni cha thong tin nh tuyen
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong

Ni cha
cha Cell based Network based
Thong tin (Routing (Routing
thii iem
th iem tag) table)
quyet nh
Connection based I III

Cell based II IV
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong

Khung chuyen mach Roxanne

MIN co nghen ben trong (co mat cell)
Dung
Dung nh tuyen
tuyen kie
kieuu II va
va kieu
kieu IV
S dung hoat ong phan bo e giam tac
nghen
Dung
Dung phan
phan t
t chuyen
chuyen ma
machch ISE
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong

Khung chuyen mach Roxanne Ap dung

mot so gia
i i pha
h p gia
i m ta
t c nghe
h n :
Chon kch c hang i trungg tam cua
phan t chuyen mach sao cho thoa
nhng ieu
nhng ieu khoan
khoan ve
ve t le mat
mat cell va
va tai
tai
Dung c che phan bo lu thong toi a
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong

Khung chuye
chuyen n mach
mach Roxanne Ap Ap du
dungng
mot so giai phap giam tac nghen :
Dung
D nhiehi u mat bang
b chuye
h n mach
Tao nhieu con ng i -> khungg
Roxanne con c goi la mang t nh
tuyen a
tuyen ng.
ng.
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong
Kh
Khung chuye
h n mach R
Roxanne Kha
Kh nang m rong
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong
Kh
Khung chuye
h n mach Roxanne
R Module
M d l chuye
h n mach
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong
Khung chuyen mach Roxanne Mot so hoat
ong va
va ac iem
iem
1 TSU tap trung 128 au cuoi
Mi lien ket vao qua TS c khai trien
thanh 2 -> ggiam tai pphan na
Cac tang phan bo : TSi, ASi, PS1i
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong

Khungg chuye y n mach Roxanne Mot so hoat

ong va ac iem
Cac
Cac tang
tang nh tuyen
tuyen : PS2, AS0 va
va PS10
Cac module chuyen mach c giam sat
lien tuc e phat hien h hong va co lap
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung co nghen ben trong
Khung chuyen mach Roxanne Mot so hoat
ong va
va ac iem
iem
Cac cell en au ra cua khung khong
th
theo ung th t
t (do
(d nguyen ta
t c a

ng) do o phai sap xep lai au ra
Dch vu multicast s dung nh tuyen
loaii IV
loa
KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM Khungg
khong co nghen ben trong (khong mat cell)

Gom 2 loa
G l i:
Co bo em ben trongg ((khung
g St.Louis))
Khong co bo em ben trong(khung
B t h - Banyan)
Batcher B )
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung khong co nghen ben trong
Khungg St.Louis
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung khong co nghen ben trong
Khungg St.LouisCac khoi chc nang cua SF
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung khong co nghen ben trong
Khungg St.Louis Phan t chuye
y n mach c ban
St.Louis
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung khong co nghen ben trong

Khung St.Louis Cac giai phap tranh nghen

To
T c o
cua cac lie
li n ke
k t be
b n trong khung
kh
gap oi so vi lien ket ben ngoai
Dung c che backpresure
Dung
Dung ma
mang ng phan
phan bobo DN
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Kh
Khung kh
khong co nghe
h n bben trong
Khung St.Louis Mang Copy
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung khong co nghen ben trong
Khung St.Louis Giai thuat copy
If FANOUT>2s then th
z Begin Duplicate
z If multicast-
multicast connection is odd then
z Upper: FANOUT = (FANOUT + 1)/2
z Lower:
owe : FANOUTNOU = FANOUTNOU / 2
z Else
z Upper : FANOUT = FANOUT / 2
z Lower : FANOUT = (FANOUT +1)/2

z End
z El distribute
Else di ib traffic
ffi as in
i DN
S: so tang (em t phai sang trai) bat au t 0
 KHUNG CHUYEN MACH ATM
Khung khong co nghen ben trong

Khung Batcher - Banyan

Tranh cac luong cell ung g o nhau trongg khung g
bang cach sap xep lai cac cell loi vao mang t
tuye
nh y n
Gom 2 mang :
oBatcher : sa
sapp xep
xep lai
lai cac
cac cell theo th
th t
t au
au
ra cua chung, nho ben tren va ln ben di
oBanyan : T nh
h tuyen