11/03/2015
KLASIFIKASI PASAR BERDASARKAN TINGKAT PERSAINGAN
MARKET
SEKUMPULAN PEMBELI DAN PENJUAL
SUATU BARANG atau JASA TERTENTU
2. UNCOMPETITIVE REAL MARKET
A. MONOPOLISTIC MARKET : a type of imperfect competition such that
many producers sell products that are differentiated and hence are
not perfect substitutes. Sellers can set price (inelastic demand), no exit
and entry barrier.
B. MONOPSONY MARKET: is a market form in which only one buyer interfaces
with sellers of a particular product. The monopsonist can dictate terms to its
suppliers, as the only purchaser of a good or service.
C. A pure MONOPOLY is a single seller of a product, i.e. 100% of market
share.
Penyebabnya: Horizontal Integration, Vertical Integration, Increasing
Market Share by benefiting from economies of scale, and Being the First
Firm.
D. An Oligopoly is an industry dominated by a few firms. It has barrier to
entry (mini market, celullar operator)
Theory of Demand and Supply
Studi tentang Supply dan Demand MENGASUMSIKAN pasar dalam kondisi
persaingan sempurna. Yaitu:
PERFECT COMPETITIVE MARKET
is an artificial, theoretical concept of a market in which it
has many buyers and sellers, and no single one of them can
influence market price.
PERAN BUYERS DAN SELLERS DLM MEKANISME PASAR:
PEMBELI (BUYERS) MENENTUKAN (MENYEBABKAN) BANYAKNYA
PERMINTAAN (DEMAND) AKAN SUATU BARANG DAN JASA DI PASAR
TERTENTU
PENJUAL (SELLERS) MENGHASILKAN (MENENTUKAN) BANYAKNYA
PENAWARAN (SUPPLY) SUATU BARANG DAN JASA DI PASAR TERTENTU
1. PERFECT COMPETITIVE MARKET (PASAR KOMPETITIF SEMPURNA ):
is an artificial, theoretical concept of a market in which it
has many buyers and sellers, and no single one of them can
influence market price.
Characteristics:
1. Large number of sellers and buyers
2. No entry barrier and exit barrier
3. Perfect information between buyer and seller
4. Homogeneus (substitute) products between sellers
5. A very large number of sellers
6. No control of prices
Ceteris paribus assumption:
Asumsi yang digunakan didalam mempelajari sebab -akibat dalam teori
ekonomi,yaitu bahwa faktor2 lainnya dianggap sama (tetap) atau tidak
berubah dan dalam kondisi normal, baik yang diketahui maupun yang tidak
diketahui.
Tujuannya adalah untuk penyederhanaan dalam memformulasikan dan
mendiskripsikan berbagai analisa ekonomi.
Contoh: faktor2 yang dapat mempengaruhi Demand: income, selera,
substitusi, komplementer., Jumlah Pembeli, Ekspektasi harga dan Income,
dsb.
Formulasi:
Bila harga Aqua naik, ceteris paribus, maka jumlah permintaan Aqua
menurun.
PENGERTIAN PERMINTAAN (DEMAND)
DEMAND ADALAH BANYAKNYA PERMINTAAN AKAN SUATU BARANG ATAU JASA
TERTENTU YANG DITUNJANG OLEH KEINGINAN DAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBELI
(BUYING POWER) PADA HARGA TERTENTU, DALAM PERIODE TERTENTU, CETERIS
PARIBUS.