Revoltonary seas, 1958-1900 owns The Republic and the Spirit of 1896 "Toe.ceztnaton of ritpo indepennce 198 cnt he pl staat pin wagedy the reread te served Katipunan enti however, iniependene bag ee foe fais te acualprcipanta inthe war Mpc Rel ne ea the Katipunan dfntonof nang Bayan Mother Coury, ora bra hen sf ber Sons who have experienced the asap fom dons to ight by arcing in her edompion The tad wo quchy ook Sais of the new nation succeded in instutenlSing ther dation ferromed fom the Wes, of onegn ation asatcunialtemtogreney ing al of inate who pledge loys fo te poem a {Enstuon,Asinerpeicdby te pnealrond hoarse eee heehe {be pal at Malls sepuraton fom Mother Spin a bg on soes _g0y—tnang Flips Mother Philipps) and it was the take the “Reticle oly "atonal uy so tha PippnenculSe es Proper plasm the interatonal commun. ‘On Presiden Ei Aguado fel the enviable tsk of preserving the Fino cites conser definition te ate whe as cores hie he army, canning the people's cneges owed the or the Unites Soc" Ferhaps no her nda could have oped ete Apia asa veteran the earns sugges Hisaucceahoagy ‘Spt, tbe wo outs by many to hs power antag ea fen an ara power abou him. He win cnadered by selon orsosedof mg powers he ou forse te ture be nas imine eu mig snr by waving which he could tum fue in ther ioe Ln hehe arn ttt a yh116 The Ruble andthe spt of 1895 Inthecyesf many, he was no diferent rom Apolnario dea Cz ho {0 appear before his ollowers bashing a Ksnipous, apis her? ‘hemor, Aguialdo was aneetvortor fam with the tana ‘lsarugale. His words” says Taylor, pdiced an effec pen fa ‘vhichmen who have read them in anston nl no undersand ‘asron lore foemusi ad poetry amengteFilpiosand Aguas ‘Speeches moved them song” Whatever he hat syn pubic hay ‘ecncle the views an interest ofallclisse sexy po mer how the inherent contmdsions were “The epuble's seas fmatonaam and revolution canbe geaned from folowing excerpt ofaspeech by Aguinaldo before loa pencpales who to form “revolutionary municipal council Pacts ting atm lips na no ana prs mag sng ‘nani: plas y pag nat. ao yang carga, pnsamyo ng ange naan hae arg raring ari ty pp sung tn ctang oe. Cf {eluates tnangmesizngss parang ay ‘pines psng ng smc tas do, a a ng “Spat co, Aan gn rating pal any ann soda ‘sip aig nae, hg mote aang ‘So pagec mango ang a ing pon ion Pps, ch ingtvsy mips gene aoa ed foeeote oem re Fee area eel rs thhwentemasn eaten ea Shaunna tegeeeeeeee Hoegaicniedareeenmreeenes ice a cirgena haere seer iteetnmemnentaeee Royce en aie sceneries pe eee reece Reference nthe speech othe protection andl of Meter Flips consciousness ofthe ew erty om out ofthe separation ot Spain 2 ten niin ft Crom” Pine ie Denke {herr mye tre sow pia Fay Coe i ‘The Republic ad the Spr of 1896347 ‘ipiaas. tio an age tat invokes the pint of the 1896 evden. at feldesuny that follows isukimaey based nt onthe experienc nity ‘tonthefactthateachiahabeart ofthe nation van snagect Go. Tati ‘many ofthe ihsrades, wealthy pinepales, and meat who al generally beet unsympatheric or host othe 196 sug could, because of eae th, wealthandsocileans,beplacedensnequal(orcvenhighes pane with ‘ecersfthe Katipunan Ether mising orem subdued ihsand oer {pecches and minfexos emanating frm the goverment ithe Raipanan Sea that uty iacomplished tough the tranormaton apd “recon of ‘ehPlipin slob or to putt diferent ne indvidal expesence cf es Suge The absence ofthe notion of purpation in the edempion of Mother Filipinas eis the duseado and upper prncpaa compotion of te Malolos government and congress. Cabet Presse Apoinars Mab ‘nom of very poor press, was one ofthe few excepaons This may well phn the harassnent he was subjected on Malo 199, a his tet tendermation of Agizals manner of governing For Nab ws no ‘zinced that the ration could come ito Bing by definton x the mere possession ofall extemal apprgs Inthe areata Decale” Ieechows onacios eater complain tht self interes, eslousy an "im among elf procaimed revotaonares were desnactve othe commen [ood “Averinebiood ening isecenary wits Mabini onder shed soimich vite and eorapt Blood, inoculated in your veins Dy Your ep nor in onder o bind yo ete thankfnces Tern eshte ‘rion which | proved ‘Aguialdo's speech fo the principales defines nationals a“ von of ‘ews and agpration” centered on independence, o "eedom rom foe domination“ necnsethedustadorreseredfordhemacves the ightiefie Pipino “aspiratons” and had, in fac, Sted independence as Pea !mxonomy of selignemment by Flpnes, radical nerpreatons finde dence from elements ofthe poe and ignorant cs™ Go parahase the Iseados were branded aandewotonary byte ade fhe epabe ‘he tteral problems that Malolos had wo contend with er lrpelycuned by the raison ofthe independence seal among the populace The ‘evolutionary message ofthe 199 Katpunan-—thatinependece ayaa) ‘wovldbingabouta condition aftrtherhod quay, contentment Chet ‘aca mater abundance Caaeaganaan had been communicated ‘9 efecivel tothe people, at bythe ime pation fom Sp 9a aly 5 Sc Amin oc pta. "eaten ae. Shay cb, ‘mitra tn ern sp ha18 he Republic and he Spit of 1896 Maine in 1498, brad eco and social changes were expected ‘ankeand ile Kaperes and peasant ier “The language of evluconary ierture ane soans urging te people gh couldortene interpreted inbradertensthanoriinal intended T the following catotohanan Ce) that appeared inthe newspaper Kaaba neon Bayan Tne rend ofthe Pepe) on 2 Febery 1999 hone grt tng sms Satabauasan ang lopan ang aac Dumecuneng ane sangre Atradadgstigan ang nang mundo, palibiasyrabcn ang bp mag xan, het app ae the owing Jie chante oop ‘herent gant. ‘She minds ofthe macs or opened Socal leveling implied i the above “nth” How cul readers of newspaper not expet afer vgling 20 arn the flowing song ‘er rntge, socal inversion the frat of vcoy Anghasia hang haban ‘went pana ough {ost ng ss the sve ano and comb st poston an on peering the sean ences Imimchera pang tonngin. frm atotie tik ur {rs an al Rave narendeed, havea ben geno ala at Tapes ra ng Maya, ‘mul aa gt ar, Ang hess Bhan nary paring ‘eo ray season ss ening the els Ping teen rere 0 ty Den Slane el ase ‘he pubic andthe spit of 1895.19 Ss uban ane katie ‘ron lng hat sng ects eterne et 1m Buc te Sands wer paca ses tring o mario y fo ‘oi praca alee ces -nsall over” procs she song, and then flow the economic an social Cosequnees of the event redtebtion of far prope. and emt {elon ules becoming tilts and household servis, The evo thee asanxousto leave katthatcoliatthemesningot the songtothe detest {zuhumationofSpain. Bathe hopeulamongde oppresed and those whey Song's doggedly oachievethivicory expected more secepigchanges To them the above song expresed the Delany cher than the eb, lenges 0 Malolos Towa the ead of 1658, the Malolos based govemment bea o receive slang reports rom provincial fica in both cent td southern zon ‘coceming the spread of “aabrevolutonaey” movements These peasant ‘ods ignored directives fom government ccs even going tthe cient sf theatening the ves and properties ofthe wealihy. The cep back _goundof such content has been dese nannies) agro {Goeres0” she pons tothe dustadow’ resistance otra revoion the Jeelsen and abusveness of many unica fells andthe cugenser oft seilresstance. or one thing, the imposition ofthe cca prsonaland fhe forms of revenue ad lor sere spy eae the ark ape of Sjunish ule. Purhemore the contol local goverment bythe neler {ve them an opportunity io ase ownership of vat tcl ie, some of ‘thich were calmed by less sophitcsted sod powers its. The resis ‘Sratonal independence were fromthe expecatonsnurted daring at nt only a release fom the burdens of pant ule tt of» sty “ured upsie down” Even fom the east days of voy, Mabini wat sare ofthe comraditons at would page the repube ‘Whe foming art ofthe Masos Goverment he oat as mato the ‘rter by cea time! nda ti tak of Meh ase {Neo Maan pte Ren th, 119). 1 nae nes a mi ae120, The Republic and he Spirit of 1896 ‘het Fee oo rhe ref erin prope Jol rg ‘Ast was perceived tat the ats ofthe fevlutionary center contacted language of sre and redemption, many religopaial bret fumed away from i. The ras swclad in the aver pat of Tap “sipped peasints and ther agreved parts sought alee forthe pus of tet del. ‘One ofthe more “spertacub” casey of dsrder that Malolos ‘contend’ with was the so-called Pensacola far In Zambales, not Mania. ‘The rors Teodoro and Dootco Pensacola were teens ek ‘wa gains Span, having been sponsor ierting 3 towne Spansh rue. But wen th townsclhe province were tengtoad ‘othe goverment decree of 8 fae 185 he Pensacslsbrthes enc the populace to dsobey the local pines wi conte the ‘goverment, and to ein fom paying the personal cenuone uiredby the rvemment. They began o form pares inthe tows llorders ftom Mots and were even succes In inducing some ‘ments of the revolutionary army fo sand thei posts re fom soup. The Pensacola ote Iamseed"virons wealhy and ‘ersons' of Rotln, Zambales, wi hesimct fering them levee She te bg sce he a ope nd ea Falowers as aco dctae Sv aheay ne these zierthea bce ich cern oma i popes ‘groan sald dct own andthe ntdigebscsoamesio thee extents, hey he use in decent mae Seeing thats ‘This eport, coming rom a goverment adinsratoy, does ot que the outlook of te Pensacola brothers thomscliey Dut cles haw ‘outcome ofthe war against Spain was ely perce by the masa “Zambales a8 an invent of dona elatonship in soy. Tn the previous chapter, we pointed out the Seco kinship of Katipunan and the Colum of sot Lacon ad how in 1997 Canc led the ater agains the Spice ar asthe leader of revoluoncametorestincresingly nso eulng ng ‘ant Pose Rv Many al Comin papa ‘The Repubic and the Spr of 1806124 oflocal problems change acumen the Colo pstne vi Beis reoliaionary center Inte 158 Canes group, now cage he San rstobal" wa ordered sipped by the Malolos govern er having ams that were “sims dumesicalyaicrohaionsry of th katpunan were dacovered in the provinces of Meng ‘Benes. Laguna, and Tayabas. Inthe later hee provinces the Mahan thet. uncouth mourtan deers), athe Coloums were aoa, had ‘Soong of over thy teacand by Soper 198, Manuc Arles the ial governor of Tayabss, i an urgent report to Aguialde bewad Gartre heeic" and “sur ides ofthe Katipunan San Crs were ‘eecuazing the gente praara to abandon the eld tthe detroment of fe bods. any servants were leaving the hones ofthe ste Tn erty were "a constant Theat pul orer butt was fase and ‘Eager to pursue thm because they were “prepared to dein deems of eels “Te dusrado Arguelles ao noted tht his Katipunan’ leader, Schasian (aes, Wasa man of no eduction sal anda geat postr” Ad ety ‘rndering aud preaching his message, he wi ae to ners he {penal dominance ofthe pincpais and trio _Argucesheraeth dere a explain fortis “nce th county toy is psing hg Feel peso. t seams thatthe spre ofthis soy issih a [fone proporionai"™ What Argues meant wa tha the oped of fexauponan ni san Cestabal det flowed un he ovr Sato de eatin in the county nthe wake of thew asin Spain, Ths war was {aramount oa eaaclysm leading total reordering cf the uniere, The (Gabruns were mcblizedby Cane to suppon wholeheartedly, sped by tie promise of a perfect society sn which the fal ofthe ear woud ‘sued in community of rotor and equality. The leo Boniface apna, usee trdstonal imagery adit ethos of retheed enn edt Fsion of popular “elgous aspraone and new, pate pol {Gee's se ofthe Katipunan mame int 198 at ene wen che onal teen soc was prosibed by the goverment suggests atthe Rta ‘sive on and ave fom to hopes thatthe evton wel sil un Sina onements so ata the same ie allover tno, Ai fom group caling if “Cran Bun” (Cos of Stirs) and the Santa yes, which wl he dese ina later chapter esd inthe proving sf Pampanga, Bulacan, and Talc. Pangasinan andthe sor locas Gg pve es see: Ppt122 The Republic andthe Spit of 1895 ‘The Republic and the Spr of 1895123 provinces sw the rapid growth ofthe Guana de Honoe™ Flocded a Amn il, Ap ea a pe reports of “disturbances” in the countryside, President Aguinaldo, in | ie one Fontan days and most be atabuted to the dee of worker o eae ipo, area fo "hove varios ktpunans"to une withthe county aga] get posses which had opened upto them With ndeperlen- ate whole. Announcing hat the Ameicans had cone to succeed the Spa 1298, some laborers in Man tnsigated a srk agunt a Chinese ome {thatthe intended o make the Flips wore eas ain nd a tetaco fury. Thenfolowedasuikeaf domestic servants snleclaisans titania Teamsters, tram and lay operators, shopkeepers 2nd erp (tsol private firmsfollowed sot” The ses ane at fowenng ot limiting fpeests well as securing wage Increases. They had, homer, essa cal dmension. Ang he mos erate parc pans Were mers {the Katipunan being tevived by Gen. Teodoro Sandiko in he occupied (Ase. Accoringto Tayo, te upper classes of Mana were already cy, footopenly supporng the Amercaneatthistime Ths Sano could ony {ppelto the “poor and igoran.” Many af thaw wha led tthe revive {Katpunan or sandatahan Carmy) were Katipaneros of 1896-97, insane tyre Sanit but eleased by the Americans who ound the i als erflowing with postal prisoners Assuring the American tt he was ‘erly forming atc clubs, Sano ages hs onanzatonal aves {aul the general se cured. When intrlewed about it heeled the sake goodthinghecause"ttendstobaterthe ston ofthe borers Ste por dase "These events however, peribed the Malolos govemment. The revoi- trary provinal goverot of Nana, Ambwasio Foes, in 1 jolanation, ‘bared the init of Man o follow thie haba excpatons to eet anni maging sa erin eat ae et “analy shisisotsommch eamingtotaiorsasanmission fifty Pat coury which has ome ino Bein a nto ofthe ait ends ight afer the episode of tetas ert om ey The ital stanza spy cesses the Davis sede Sy the wa: sick and bladed weapons aging mauses and mn ait version continues afer restating te cent theme sis ang hangin ag SSetgurnnesnay ana bne, ‘Soap asiog lt fay ay opamp Inte unig ete ya ge en apg an Sanh Sh emhaertey cast (nd wee ered onal te tnspte many rnfrcements aiving rom pan he Tagalog conn Fare te ecaure they have pang (elon The Queen of Span cst muy ss to pias te very “fro” of Sails —Geera ire sett general appeas tthe bead of formidable Span ra Uscka fr he arden bode” expec, courage, and sae rated intel of dea’ by Agana, who alo fons for pang 3-50.148 The Republic andthe Spirit of 1895 “The awit thu states hat hath Polavieps men andthe Taslogs capa ereskonto mean ht tbyareonequaltens be dof ara ees ti prolem by alin upon the ston Te eal cn sana 5. heat explains the oder Zin tap of the exzadores ton Se. Stns vals nt, Frcs pon cman. maya na ae abo eta ‘Gare st cr er ifinen eben be tne cme (Be ute lla miro ea? py associating the carson apang whe iter” of shiny a ee ners upder aes, dhe agent arsed it tae To aeccnrngning andar Ningoing an appealing x ree oncnshe being, which evenly dsitegaes. The on apie Tor Agana’ lapang # bing the de of vane re elton fis loa and therefore eal as a5 (hl tosemanate from the wes ness of being “The Pave offensive eosin teagedy forthe Spaniards bec pone bck ned mata a tacor—courageousin ear ithe Phe am. why dows he tep down fo hs beau teers sitpana command Pov’ dance fom the “fel of rear thecause othe dex of hist commander, Colonel 2a Peer aus, Polaie(a and Lackamibe “Tet dhe scene im grt feat rar lnc fefloming behind” Now this plsode asin oF no bal earths, Generals Lichambwe and Poivel were actualy success TRAE Uine trough sour Lizn, though thei woop fee washes and Peas askedtobe reeled home, However, as isto Sree ve pee ee Spanish captor of vera key ney a crbuntyafet the eveluonar ardor ote populace, THe a ree thse wens ser fe om of os, Inthe is iri Sienna he reeaing Spanish genera ae desc 2 hay 1 eeN ae than being dina (cowarl. The word 1:0 app re cn the am and consist snpis the type of Fese one SETTLER wath an incomprebensbe, desrucive phenomenon Peer. ine have Polaejakeepangara duane andnally making svat Lachambwe and ian pos not to cowartic bal Free amr wah an esse force im the Katipunan that compet (aca in stenge manner. ‘he Republic and he Spr of 1996199 spe sequence of vets af the reteat ofthe Spanish grr pracy ere faloming Blanco’ caer Mfesive. Having fed (0 SE% in apna oh de ass newly arved Pino de Rovers nthe Spanish say muting uo yong anges ‘mre ng ls ‘uo nang maton mab ans ‘ltr prc watever wee eck ‘Bet penlc tthe paar even 2 ming nt te god appro ngbinsong yo in got ‘Sogacan enna at ‘moe es aris ‘ean tn may marin =P fap ‘isanene 9 bey pees fe betcmeod le, SERS cel octane ronan fortis hada god ad te historical event comespontingt the above episodes posbly Gover The Nein de Rivers fer of amnesty oebel frm te APE YP 9 racy among tose responding tm were prominent officals of ne coccrmeat air of War Dane Ta, tusor Mir pe oan Genel un calles. The wt could aio be een Fen ial asthe tmspeople of Santa Cruz de Mason, erly hited tei alliance to spin when the ping got ae each aed the spanks ogisticaly ax wel, The aNisapes a micas the pasyon, the serie pockets and tempted Frets conn op sage of us. “Ie a comes atta pan ‘geass mean tans, fora ly long sia ‘Sinaenn at doo, mastnahan 2) psa ews Frieden wo ete ‘a Bao whee they seed ron150 The Republic and the Spt of 1896 se actual reason forthe wafer to Bakna-bao was Primo de Tes Capa psn the Kapur, fing Agana ote aan cm odfrent vag locations wi he sable nec in bead ofuer Bulacan peownce, Mabini views thereat Fa eculer Bonfak'sexecuon, which had sppedtne mole of Saetganng ces, aggrvaing the eave wits de Katipunan wn sere tecre sic to ars Aguina elec Why doe the Felighcae ving cep Kaper etry. But the fot contin sere de tt te anata came pon 0 much and / witout cn Ferrel Th stanea 6, sever places ae enumerated, the (ern Pere wath the foe had gone” Stnza 6 describes the (cibrations “Ang iv Eat gab abla (ei man on maa =r, ‘hatlang ral sma ‘anamlong aban 5 op ‘a pana wa ead om als Sutter cach els ttep were precaming they wont Wak Shang pend fom bang ean By elsoning wpontheempins of Spi cory 2 tates Or eetutrcof te Kanan. ile non of men eaber in aot ey that cout: he Spans caper of wae Towns has a Hee le There fala anemic conte between the BON atts Inctoing Antonio Montenegro’ needle deat in the bate Marla, fe a rez to the bj ofthe Kapunan in kn Pre Rye iin such great orm Ang cadatnas a asic ‘Stang Cuan nage, {pes aramigamane abort ‘ia matsontat mcctore 3) 16 he Pine Bin 9. ‘The Repl and he Spit of 1896 151 “exon being he mle Kann ng er unson cols att comers Me tapes ad fated cnc rear reminded, nhs tan, Apoidea Ci’sorgane concepon ea irene arte caves singe ety shuld ao move fey parang ong ota). Senlaty the Katipenan 0 niles ee ean age and wily create, evading altaps ac sare. aan feed miarly wo tmp ow te Katporan, the Spaniards ene ee Sry once moe. rio de fiers ges he leaders. ad Fem se atnuan pases to ener he wwne” GO). Hs cetve en te ipanan say fom heparan cout) 0 towns ashy sa bythe Spans nd tre pnp ales Just asin he sequels eo alles rales oenstees, the wit probes into the mare ‘eA apunan ey By areaing the Spanish efor to aubwer i fom a anaempe toatat Kaupunerosby meatsof "passe als ran ve har another plano win ove the der through words ang pono cin saab. st is sep ae the (ore pede ater, “who ia realty wastikeanenwoy" of Spain toa esi anim aban angina Sit eang sng ta oe ‘pinagsparg vane mane ‘Sims san ay arin. 9) [Asemonih ince was equested {nse sane by trees {bene nga he aeement ‘Don Eira pat egies mmedaty, the awit point dhe motive ofthe Spaniads to deceive the aoe oy akingastanage ofthe respite ro bulatenches(@D) Wisp creation faedsc though there, Thats why frst fst ine Oo sopra ol tthe party in re. The nage of wholeness (eekkc Gow a some ders, evi the fems of the ace, rem ome ange dio npn Sneenentann en ‘ns ang tipi, .maitcom ia (81) soe ofthe eases ple Same nto ane were ust Rivet spars wo hp fry mane he ara182. The apie amd be Split of 1895 “The Kipunan’s ses snot ely the consequence of Spanish ufalows Agua’ acceptance of he teace which can in tum bea see eka ofb tat enabled #e be fenced by “ely (lan magagaling) The overpowering fle of bnguage spec a Fea Sr manipulators continual eropsup i documents elated etek To understand flk perceptions of pols, ffl toc it Paintin of common terms, Ie wee (ord play) nthe ps Serine power to ence indvdias wo commit wrongdoing. Ev CKimpte, who ssa to have a "weak mind” mabiuang ‘ariicy upon heving the serpents wha (©. Laer she makes Bate ore ou hat the serpent ikea” her, "sedced he, a ‘Sua wath wens nag cate) (O16) The phaoes Use the Tgumem in condensing Jen, Because the follower fess ae all fdople weak lb (L513), they ave succumbed 1 his“ reacting: which ae nothing bat "a manipulation of languoge"(eauamg TS COB). The pln otha succumbing to whew, impinge ce ttt bn the sppeling sounds of words sa sgn of a weak SEE Neck Wosbee sate of darkness ‘The seit chen, imply < ‘Resin in terms of poplar entarion of adgment A810 sess ‘titanec ofthis tom af events, Arado sno longer mentioned inthe Ree though continue for another forsee stanzas. Staten io Agua signed noe merel a so-mon ace bu sotatecPactof Baka bto wich elle for he sarees of rebel ara ‘ichunge fora huge sumo money be dvd among tbe ade The Foweres cannes pos speak in tems of "pac and reconeiaion {Ro acm won te separation of Pups Steal. fe the dspio eeShtvene that bound Spin ane Ppinas toate, the vasious dso ‘Jements within Pina came together to Form a new condo of Seen a prces that priced eat and energy. Mentioning Amin ‘Moning fs pace with Spain would conrad the ait bask ‘Sealy, Agia himstf broke the ters of he pact when he from exe May 1898, se mons ar the pacts signing. to Katara activi, Totake sino account he awit asset si Teeter pac) was gota. Thos whe she lo tas ot ag, (ini a comtnuaton of te phenomenon of lsum fer temporary aon siya aba rai ng ane pang iit Frm de Bivens, ragga? farm ana ans se venthe nade lp sie the Tp pope mre eco tan Deas Prine Rees amped sind nu hadall be paves conte ‘The Rapublc and he Spit of 1896183 ‘9 pad ay ong mgt pang mngnang a ag aya yen ppc na cimderescosng ino oa ‘rn of ves he anger he Tags {ithe wba aes Sie tonne were forced th punk postions wee stormed inthe awit’ view, the esygence hs nothing to do with Agua’ return fe vongkone to det the stg, The reson why Agurado ts gnored feticca ed alendy Butthesmkntends nox neces to downgrade Reto tn ters of gi, Agunalo reat ff fom the whole when he ‘eefumbs to the ine language of the race negotiators. The leader of the ‘SSotuion isnot cesta component te Raipunan” whose ature ‘ESsitricults ssf deRivensewrongieove, nx Aguile tur, {Berns the Katipunan nd leaded aww eal he prosode theme: iho angie abit it rengcarhacng mara thant of est re powet tn ning ‘ote ced by wang el ‘Primo de Riven “unable 0 stop the goon hlocaus” 0. He pans frame sone ads replace by General Agosin, who ices ale 10 toe ul ino peace or pata sop ote holocaa” (85). Toad the ‘Shay ofthe Spends the Arexcan “bur forth in abundance" in Nana ay) Dro stnangans choos ew Aug magi ‘Stepney fain 7) Inthe wake ofthe pf vents (ne gin cei Soom ‘ld oe spends hi apes ‘The “appeal” comespondsto Spain's acral tempt, as American wasps seeped to meet the inferior Spanish eet lt Maria Bay, 10 induce the Flipinos fo fight nthe sige of Mater Spin” "The tempt fale ax owns, havingartved fren Hlangkong on an Amsescan warship, a fenced euptin ofthe revoaon. The awit chooses to focus yon the tear of Geno Agustin for they reflec Mother Spain’ feings of ls and154 The Republic and tbe Spit of 1896. perhaps egret for having caused es daughter’ ial depamue. Tis ype eSnecommonlyfoundin Tape populr erature andin daly fe a8 “Since mating further can be done, General Agustin odes the in the provinces to wihaw othe Mania dsc. Thos, they by ester al over the pace ocupying every sect ad aly in (99.95, vrs late n Mana andes eons are emamerated ina Feminism press anzas But while the enumeration of Kat Town slay tas place inthe conte ofthe mage of soem o tion that breaks bound, nde cave ofthe czaores ia Utpotns whine mtd space, “Bven the famous ceoeteyof Bina Cctupied 2) The number of exdores being crammed nto Man med “Tightening” 1). But this the tor that strikes one wh Confronted wit an uncontrollable force? As we salle ter, Marl ie pry ef power and fers no resistance. "Te av comin: Baybey nang Meri magpshangans ocd png asses a aie hed imhenan ang nen roe Manis psn a wel or (tench cadre sang pd [the Toplog we ren ong ‘Matec erg be wa foie Se placa nto. ang ib, Malabog Obagi Pal, yey arn a rg SS pogapatan us. Bena oem pont tam of event sane 0 more ‘Mision an Oban, tats on, Pulp Meyenuyan, Man nga they we meres orth ol ‘The enumeration of places and outstanding pats at moved ino acti Cmts forthe net went four stanaam surpassing i ale all revi ‘rumerations, Sing om places pit nom of Mana the storm [gation moves none acre Bascan to another Tagalog province, Nu ‘eta swings roe, sweep the towne of Fanpanga Cone Maca ‘neve theron hal fen acose more Busca toms, descends hough Moron province est of Mana an is Laguna province in sue l Taguna seep completely. the tering Kapaa spread even up tnoumtins (10), The Ratipunun touches nother Tag province ces tayabas. The uncon ofthe towns of Batangas, south of Lag ‘Rinnletesthe Katounan sweep andthe establishment of ts new boundase ‘The Republic and be Spr of 1995 155 -reze is more wo the amit than the isting down of those towns that joined pcrertuibnor he Bonfcaton of eoes, More imporant and consent {tShat has been se sofa, what says about he nature of “omung, Miuher inthe punan. Their par ofthe avitisanexpresonf final (Bist of power Katipunan activ had previously been lted to Mania, ‘Gioteand soem Bulacan, Wath the widawal of exzadores from the ce the ial tp nthe process of tal seperation fom Mather Spain, Fant burs of energy fakes place asthe Katpunan breaks i previous place sa gulong to nang pagcacata in is glo of becoming one). Inthe meron of places ae peopl, Hi repent sated that they have ‘pure forte iolocaus and are ready to de Unieaton takes place 28 Ef cloner nthe whole delineated bythe path of the storm papas ecommon trugse Individual towne donot confront the enemy alone; {hey are ft one together with there and lately wah the whole, Por ‘Soop n tana, one Tagalog andnine Pampangantowns are nalancap, rpined together ino whole” Elements two differen thas roups ae ‘ho caught up in the speed of enumeron the verse tsi becomes ‘medium for “coming together” In sana 10}, four Bulacan towns are tnascalegu lag “cnconed together” AS 2 ret of thee unification, ‘tihineatleotake place nthe glo: they areableo olathe Macabebes [Tether spunih sles who ate Geserbed ar wpe” and “compressed in Romer We el hats precy what Primo de Rivers had tied and Taal do tothe Katipunan beers of the auers se nied monement “Te ait lo tates, forthe nine, the powerful aden force ‘hats generate by nity: Lust nang hcoma patna ind ‘puepastayan banda uses, seem ang bay ag pie Ss cnados paring ssa Alte proves, neater be eer ‘Pee eda rere hey edhe st, ‘hence Span halt wee nied (pecans seemed be iby 2 plat tn Batangas,te Katpananthathascometo order ssid oe atactsacot, “not ghieing® Ta Laguna, the Spanch commander Alber. who i prov creed wth serene lob” 105), breaks down before the Kap than ona Nang hmaganap nang org naa hone CATIPUNAN spn baron Soe Ahem156 The Ropu an the Spt of 1896 Aube height othe glo {puke y the pan fame rake Comet Aberin ree {ollie opponers ume [As the Henghy enumeration conchae, oc shits othe eazadoves {ese i Man. Tena episode of he war aginst Spain sees the Spa ‘ing ek the al blow By the Americans Se ualng gi ang aca 1 amen rang alan ‘es Angin a peer ‘outs tpara angen es ‘he Spain havng ae rept Aortmtie i of tate gain mec, theta Geer ugstin ‘Bhandnoed hecommand and tue o Sao enera nudes stag nagtloe ‘trcapareaian dan st, enent eens onercne y Feat (lente ale power, it toner a was ce Neti wealth ad number be Amerie “The narration ofthe war ends here. Sin posted ut ofthe scene her former children ut bythe Americans, whose power ets upon "wea tnd numibers” Span wat a necesy presence inthe proces of “boca “one” as er children, the Flips, cane Ino ther ow and defied th ‘fork! in Rapunan terms. Now Spain's dame pois oa new stato Torthe Rtipunin. tthe fal tna, the at abraply reveals its andi intimewve fad te" of the sw aking about he "Youngest hid Who in hardship, Smug cong mang aan rs Enough om yo em these the stom wh nl my end te shame wor ‘The Republic and he Spr of 1996157 ‘he published anit cares no dt, but the statement “youngest child in oul indies that the awe wae ft composed dug the Fipino- ‘Toercan War, ‘This war tongs to am ord diferent fom wht the at has ‘Mirena longer separation Irom Mother Spain and recovery of ‘Bch the Katipunan, bata warin which the Katpanans sated teal ‘Tilting spitareientene wih extinction. On 7 August 1258 a month “Berihe poctamation of the replies Maloon no ong ater the proclama {imotindependence st Kaw, resident Aguas declared hat there 90 Furpunan today hecrse the ene Phuippines, our most dear mother ath, tue Katipunan in which all her sont ae ned and agreed 8 Cre lie ad one wis hat, to reste the mother ourty whch rons ‘Breror Cold the ‘ation however tethe Kaupunso twas merely an ‘Bact entity then led by dstradoe who had eter repudiated or never ‘Zocrencedkatpunsn”Gupreme union? Moreover, the Americans ar said {Shave "wel which, to paraphrase the pasyonhas the power to seduce” the weakol ly The ofthe awa seems to be sated atthe point tine thonihedusradoe were succumbing othe “ie language" ofthe Americans, ‘hss cones is enpestant a ringing othe significance ofthe Ba onan and i atoms (othe ret ofthe avi Reflecting histo! Eeumstances ae with he-T-oftheswis pasts signe bythe sudden ‘Sutin tome Ge from pat to presente) and the asin made frween “youngest cid” and "rt bom” The youngest chi represents the rveonaresthen engages dicot sruggle agaist the Americans, the ow born ae the pote who emerged during Ue war agains Span (Gul refered to in Tupi sources athe int war). tn abing about het (ifoping the "ofthe awit suggest that she 5 Mother Coury Una Roun heel. The“T mus surely be feminine person snce, nthe st ie, the says she wil cary her buen on her head (ther than shoul), Foon the caso of mative women "The in poi ei sanz tha the condone unt that be ait us desebedolonger existe preset. Inthe fis place Meher County ppeas fora and compassion fort youngest ch, enpying that there ‘Stpreseotalckorabuence ofthese eset pecs of be Katipunan mode ‘stg, Secondly, other County aks abou he shme Cabipar) thatch mea, Now bi the sem of aban sa category ofexpenence ‘ich among several hinge, denees te india s sensivny o hs mode CFreaing er A peron without hija salso one whose liar as Reka common Tagalog saping—and therefore his no damay or ring. A [ton kabiya-tna(hamefl when an individual falsto vespond 10. “6 Tote pcan Cate, dy Tl Pr a p16158 The Republe and the Spt of 1896 etverately ignores the “ther” who shows him fve, cain. OF si Iosptaliy” Ae pesages rm the payom episode of Peters denial Shree Thipanne Peo “hk ee teacer Ione mmo Meeiro fed hs ge on Peer ‘hive tian, Sly sme ston, Shtanehedimmaycane hha ch imac ve hunayang sta. ore for hs dow end re erg iia ip Aatthenarsying oneraaierngmae Sy tetoaal heres Bhroscomgurpishs thy doyeurat engi me cons ‘Shen reopnz youl “The appearance inthe ait ofthe purl of haba meaning things or ever implies 2 peeoccpation wh the social aes thn purely pola sod ality dnensone ofthe Ppno American Wat. To Specie, the anit calls the attention ofthe sudence 1 shameful ev ‘Which can only mean cerain peopl’ acing wit sega forthe ‘hole representedby Mother County. Bonaci once sll hat ale Inthe Katipunan were peope wi love for Mathes Counuy aaa, for {person sth sich vue an devote is whole fe and fove so that Country maybe piven secire foundation * Hiya, therefore, i one of omltionsofkapunan or unity ef epsode of te awa reveals tha I weakened or ceased 0 exis “The awit ends ina spt of hope, Just at de erate ofthe Katinan, the ‘Lost Ede of precolonia sys wil be regained when ‘Samay ad the people interpret the trap aa edempaive experienc ‘does Mosher Country's ger of tearing the kahiyan on he hed. Sete he pusyon, herald aber ute for her ‘Sounget sons roe Pethap issn that he pasyon i intiated~the Darden toherhead—yrher first bom” sine the ter represents the pat “fps waren be concluded that he aes namaton af ther expe [Sa way of paling them back tothe present so that the audience ‘ndcntand why these most goon. Thawte ass eed or ll evolce he instal condtons forthe pason o begin "rom the analyst Ktipunan awit we fave shown how the sre independegce ws perceived inten of the breaking othe elation Mather Spun the chacehatensued athe reease a wemendows power sae to ane amt Ph el The Republic and the Spr of 1896189 from the macs, energy which was chaneled by the Katipunan Ce he eosin and uation ofthe masses under i re mother ‘err Pipes, The amt evels tut dung the ater repulican period and seer wih the Unie Stats, the expenence of unity ough supple was Wels insome quate, Oe lon. The aubor ofthe awit aterpted to Je thug the frm and content of his work, so hat anyone who heard ant reed or sung ould somehow experince tha Tos in himself ‘Seon a txtapontion ofthe pote experience with the events of his ine {os there could be meaning snd purpose in the contiing stage ‘During the republean period (1458-190) kaipunanscrsinuct 0 ex noe twos and ral areas i ot cases they amply pledged thet “lege the republic. Generally, however the lstraos ofthe epic ZANT the comlnoed existence of katpunans a potential heat fo the ‘Shonpeve of aby ad internal oder that they wished to maintain. Only ‘Shen the republian sey had siffered defeat afer defeat, and Aguialdo ‘et mas fcing lotus ie in aotenralLzon, dthekapunans once ine come tothe forfont atthe “approved” mode of organization for fren ware According to Agoncilo, Agua himself nis hideous tne noth, “came to elze that only dhe masses cou be depended! vpon. eatdesperte hope but even so etied his beso rep the damage by fRtetng Boniface’s Katipunan, the plebeian socety which gave form and ‘Sheance ote Plipine people's svg for eedom and independence“? ‘Bi apualo id pet eet the Ratipanan i 900 he merely acknowl fed athe Katipunan de mae effecivey arcu mass asprations. Seargsnving the republican Forces in 190, Miguel Maar, we hall see, ‘murned totasc Katipunan sppeasin reviving the spi of 1896. Upon is ‘nender in 1902 the sme rage for independence was waged almost ‘Di by the Katipunan and sina pease setts. In Katipunan nfaton document of 190, the flowing statement from lacleadersopech not only express wat the Katipunan of 1956 mea 0 {fone who won continue the somal im the twentieth century, but nthe Imure othe beacon gudng a ship though soy seas, recall what Apo ‘ato de la Cr onc sid othe donated cofrades in 141: isin that the Katpnan Scr asthe beacon which ide 9 ‘he sors fey fe fot oes oration te sx of aver an ‘hemo waste ie i ante he pth ced eu by Divine ov {me og ih Poon cr decor ok oh game ep plac ‘crete mada tani bt er ne chek Mat ccna ar th “27pm nn merase ny 00RD pre coment Pon mtn ep 2.Leaders ofthe New Katipunan shanty before sender rom ft Heit” faten Nona Pesnetc Caseony, can Say ioe vite standing Ben Nida and tco Go vega The Path to Kalayaan, 1901-1910 ine celenss ofthe rep crumbled Inthe face ofthe superior sgh Unted Stes Ay. ts tony ary wes however {for spted the end ofthe republic” Whin# dastrad leadership, power teighes and opportunism cats deo cemoraizaonthatatfected even te ‘nk nd ile, Gucrilawarare could ot be used except, 5 we shal soe incr, by pes soci ike the Sant nei, Decase ros f the weary Finn ce desperately wanted peace i de to consolidate throne Sin presige, twostheulinate expression oftheir rari concep fa the evolution wavall about when they este the new colonia Sateromthe rouethat Annaler them eventing ad demanded fromspun. Asfarasthey were concerned, bayou beatae without Farter bisa Pn everyone, paral em he class of pres {anurans subscribed thi ew ofthe path alan "Om 25 ay 1901, Ana already toate nthe moun of eae, vas caper by dese an 4 eck ner, took the oth of legince to the Td states "On 19 Apri protamaton was sued iy his mame that EppaleioalFpinosto accep Amercan sovereignty Irwasonthivery ay thn Gen. Miguel Maur wrote co Aguado sping about the th of ewspaper aa wher reports of fs capture, which mere received "wth Irrellg” by scones in seaher zon shoul uch eps be tre derived Mar moteren en woul they rape to continue aststngon Tei ot deals, Eventhough fe continued to look opto Agua for CGetton and inspitation be fan sated thatthe ressance inthe south (onl ner be shendoned ta fic, when Gen kan THs, spree mma n sour Lion a Agunald's conta, sneered fly Api, Malar uly tok overto fuk demeralationamonghe tops162 The Path Kaleyaan atars paring stent, some aploe,veas his nl cee sul epettrefeoth stine and you woul Sere it pet lubrios rlacket dsp Sold you ‘hte onder me tose ams" “Tis Ccnaged vari connote igh? Aes pa ofthe re sete a ectange of ates ith Tes wh, on 13 AP, ROSE rot stent yom os arms hopin tht ort cre lw sa Toth eer he aged tha shane ‘ne wade tothe gestion of her poses sich sth Fs sachs gnen sfeinecminentolt pope Teco Sokktonn patsy auctreschbecse ct wach as cused ‘Shouse dep nestor sehen wt befound wih se We ad SEU pete, an toute ass a caso ate Ser “ire was tack ry Leics wee ting amon S20 cas ciacs ad puri prsan cou at work narmony wo Nal everywhere si Tan, wa at of eoton bu oe ‘le because supe the war asphysating and has Ses seca ccasefpeseneand propery ess hecexary 0 sona “Sens fc of one tht he Pulp war cue upon one carrer cconenc by bccn ior tha were welcome yal SEER pa rpnos now imine owe munca provinces Pub opinion tatocs pasone pins Aenea sat Far ees raed oppor? Silene remained onmoved by Tras's arguments. He relied tht in sont of openions tye wary sn harry of aco” beween (Rayanas and Batangas did ot involve personalities, and few lade tthe fate ss conected with te poorer and honors ofeadeshp, ut (Bn! Matvarisher words suggested that seg the major of he ‘ine wore'medium and sal andowrners whose song persona ies with he ‘Sasse mate them effective leaders Buin the fal anal, the eine “Should be conued because thera masses themselves were commited {tow could Tis ogee semen the people having consuted {bith prineipales? Coneuding Marr reminded is superior ha “nt oly ‘hoe within th town constethe people the owes laborer reine {paw a Wee, 1 Ag 90g apn be Ta ‘ecm si a eh ona Sng Ap ines TPs ‘he Paso Kalayaan 183 athe te the ones who act wt rates honesty fines and ae more howe i hei sprains ‘Ie southern Taplegresianceto the United aes was more than stn etersionof the republe stg orsunieal and Malvarwastorethan st ‘Rgumaldo's ls ener to uender True, wit Agunao’s fll Malar ‘Becstedte presales made and wasin communication with der er ‘Bet tke Lachan, Dioeno, and Fallon But what he real ed wat popula [geil warin his ome repon, wid focal leaders a the head of is forces, ‘Benth Amercan solders holding the owns and other key pots, erin hee could be wapedsucesfuly nike meena Luzon, because ines ‘Soop and communication between town and couerysieremaned open Gai the cretion and bral enforcement of zones of concentration” de toyed thisharmony Above al Maar recogaized thatthe Towest abores* ‘Toe nore sincere inthe apie” and he eflectively harnessed this Fenomenon. In Malolos Aginaldo’s preoccupation withthe forms of ‘onood had fred ti to call the energies of sing laborers and ‘Rites pasa p Malvars cael these enenes had tbe leased save Tie coumry,eveniftmeantthe ae to promunence of recsely tase societies (ich Aginado bad wed to suppres. Th one founders why the people alle under Malar kets examine she proclamation ga Capa at Gasamasama sa Patan To ous ‘shes and Conrades in the Segue), which Maar himself afd on 12 [pu 101" Ceran features of liga are reminiscent of Katipunan hpeals not of Apolna de a Cai hams In acts Malar speaking ike lg of the masnes perceptions of the quaises that a meaning, ‘pula srg shoul have Tomy aon ese are qualities of popular leader—thisMalvar knew. ‘Tos inhi openinglnes he presets an image of hiss humble person, Tce wld of te land who doce ot deserve to suceed the respected {un But he st answer othe Gos ofthe marys wo had lve forthe oun. spin ad Ameria had shown no pty for weak ips they had ‘eevedher, Thus she pouredall her strengths order wast wither blood thedebasement of hereon. Allthmustnot go a vain. The people must je with i toes they sl ake de oad okays sai ite 1 er en ot, he "Tish SM, tomasidon!7 Ap. An nghhintnctespnth scan hr Pp arent Sp. 2-H. nae Ne gest erbartact cobeepon sro Komponen sph Sco agen a ma164 The Path Kalayaan atte coang ping capi aang mara ong ina SSS. asad ote aap na cana minarets one esr tongue pgue erento abt spas congas 2 yg ‘ue gaara ha ape gaps ng lang sua, Da ties mhornay peas mb tamaawac fn unwonbies hasty eet tickthe tengo ase Iaeamctpo what wed nln fave thes et rte the once yale ab naomi Thos top ines was on te. saan npc ee rm, ni scutes trent coe Sarria! erie eer Sarees teen aereanee pee eee Sean naira eae aptmia etnies ates cn cena eater a Tee So at cictaiiaaeannanettarirrnansss a agli nau na ng melucion ay apa tag stan gi fin etafaiyngcatnclanstcugean epg Seg yo ras et Sinton aang peng alas Hera my dongs ets sive w sake the nin df eve that pres each and ‘Seiyone®ponaeondcandcling oases la, ‘ubiy wl at econ ge ste ‘Then, without ieteopton he hastens to assure the people ha thei wieceivestrewant_Awarecfthe damage tothe revolution eased by Naolos gonernnen’s nec of Katipunan ster and the peasant, Captains that having knowledge" doce not neesstate "beng usa" “rlicdanangcabulanang a ang ne nag ray iby agp ‘Spnacatsnonangeaetel rang rsaatstong mpage 98 frat abt pgiengys Para semana Siam es necro hc by cram a panne ‘Son thi gag tos ops ang pe Sp acon 2 frre ng tages con eran gaan lan ovtaxasacamy,pankong aM ay boc marino ‘he Path 0 Kalayaan 165 ish he rs ht he uct wl be wed ot aera, Pee trees eno asks gore pena angen iim hoe yo conductharpoven lint espe of Wee td je tec hor and popeny of encanta fi wh ht femcctand ine sno Company and wh aot deprpedi ity hicnytrts such san ea wel spn whee fe ies that thre is knowledge (duno) in a man of wue valoe and TBrehunces wo takes on anhip fo ne ood othe whol, harks ack © rio'sexplnatin ofthemening "good mind” Kisthe folk wisdom Ufc barr ler or ge tha Malvar desws pon and puts inthe cones of en Amerean sre. Nalsarmplic cick ofthe republic docs ret however, mean that be usuteitandaltatehaeondfor Hemanagestorauonalizeeabsence Thorny by poning to aiferent ways of ang atthe common geal of hava forthe country The “astous men of edveaton (Oui sermon) ike Patroo, Mabini, andthe members of the Hongkong Ermnttees 28 weil asthe pro-American Pardo de Tavera who favors 4 Slip system ales, acordngto Malvarhavethe good ofthe county ear, However, thie -istiousnesr does nat make them syperor the {nnn min inns, Whathe commen man should guard agains cations isthe improper use of his strengths “blind eevenge” should not be a pote Tor his Eling Americans, who also have famiies who will weep at feeneThecommon peenlecan fer tothe country ite mac, atmo, 2 te tran, but only tele energies are propery dected toward hain independence ‘The final paragraph Mavs proclamation raiesthe populace to pare pateinthepsyomothe country. An"unseen hand” has fr protected Fm seius danger Because of the peoples deveton to the pach St Jeph leis but iting elas Mav that St Joxeph be he pao the frei columns, sxcahinan ari acon gstngil2 dating ays exapusn te pc regal gangs ciatadang put gnc nonsense sng ah, pana ne nga tanga cp ane pas capangan a een nn mcs ag nym oes ‘ry ane a wa ipa a thee tn ‘Sse, wun hope counge and perseverance, ease pation othe ‘man shotecpom he ah ph166 The Path Kaleyoan ‘The Pah o Kateyaan 167 vac by penal aie, tappears that the masses aio ada ion of Mice ha they were ging for Coopaion othe ences was not Be ero samp or he rensance Though he piles the Amescans ‘27 coninethe masses that halayaan couldbe atid a peaceful ay, ete oadcton tat Cables complains about Thats why Caso, oer penpals ent gets cocks and other publi places raf come the omnia of he good and sincere enone of town of Batanga, predicted gre serng in the reconciled” ‘patshe wood panttiemtheklayaa atthe people had ro bope Somes fe punciples hd nor wane al esablshment of peace ring tuougharmedarigie? Bathe evidence incest nea Jee tana a aannact ad one town ayer repled at thee | gy the web of personal alleances dominate by the principals was tr the war depended not upon the principales ofthe towns, ho own, Lage segments of tn "poor and ignorant” classes coined Desce-butuponthe inisofMaharstocomprefensbie stubborness re rte fre sg olen stcking ne leaders or Sew RUS ore: Naar and his tc were not dependent upon the al ofthe ocitbemsetves to ‘Mavbetieted, since what hey procured inthe baie was enough for oe umgenion was made in previous chaps that the tance of peasant Faaee os tatangucho, recto Cardo, teil in Febrary Hg | pies toward the revoir “ere” ia commentary onthe dreton {havin sober othe previous yearhe and oter principales, wishing Feito revetaon weaking Nocsuprsingly, Mavars cat arsthat em {heserstnentofthe people nteewed poor aborersand conto values of the orginal Katpan ae! amply recognized the con ae ee echt the coming independence, ats heJagy_ | tom ofeach goer, no mater how “poor and ignorant" was heeded by salted Mesa andthatthey were mistaken with respect toahe ee Cocsum: ndect year a 1958, Governor Argues adie tat the tlthe Ameren goverment” Inthe neighorng province of Lagat || revolutionary” Colorum enjoyed Maras protection stm or Ping Shuntion was much the sme: tn arch 1901, 2 Col Peo Cabal, (EifStutne We know atin 1999 the famed Macao Sebastian Cano ad ae eT gun'c autem ome, proposed to Gen. Jusn Calle ti | je suhorty to sue pases in Malas ame, announcing that the bearer (on of Paganjon be raed inorder to punish ts trecherous pica adres tvough he lines Because wasatrve eri” By 190, Canco idthe rato mj controled around safe rifles, nd tok ace pan Pesies ayaa the Americans i the vinty of Dolores He was Froese to eutenant colonel i Janary 1901; the numberof les he Feed rose wo ninety-five” An American fcr reported in Novembet So that “hanceds of ates” were making the plage to Mount San Qiu, There could be found sang cave which was a "endenvous of (Ro for Male’ forces andthe place of worshipofhe adherents of new ‘Err region led by one "Maestro Sebastian “Thee he Coon nthe restance ding the dia years of 1904 so 19) cetily ore than am inereing slight 0 the events ofthe ‘Colton, Towarltacend F101, when American pressed freed mest tthe priciest town to ahandonat east he open support forthe “that Navas proclamation found resonance among the masses of Burgas ae ayabas proves amply demonstrated by the ena Inhcuthey resitedthe superior forces othe United Sates. But hs [ace "ogo to dete abou the wat. The relevant questn hee Eilvars beef thar te poor or boxing cates had the deepest ‘essing the ene satay bore ou bythe writen evidence. Tie fot, Gen Ana Chale, speaking blore lane conference x no pays sing pagan ay aoa sagan hind Coen sig ter, gn oar a ‘oy soem apes neon sing gs ny 3 ea ‘ecjapan aes oor capt tgp 0 ‘anesestipasngls upang ran, ney aden practical she whole tome, ae or por nb estates ou goverment fee people ee bathe STowen see stonget copper ofthe enemy mh repent ‘Mutant weaonng the tf ws defenders forte nd” ‘We can coneade that although recruitment to Mavars amy may taken place slong pao sent hes or to pu spy, may Dave 5 Seat co, eet ona tn par PSO 22 fo a enur ment 2 i eee tt elem nopeiacs netfee cam] OA168 The Pat wo Kalaya erage, Color chapters conned to Roush roiling anor ‘Ghat forcontine aes eupporof the war. na report to Gen Fen Bel ded 12 December, Cape CR Homland caimed tht the Colona anches ia all te owns and tanios of Batangas They sostined glance by fuming him wth manpower. "AL any tomes about ‘Soound men could be mblied among the Coonum in Bangs teen i¢pone General Bl clgraphed lation onan seremippee th Clones 0a you cn” he ordered, de eer beh anasocinion sin yourtown ado acral nee eehElipeow par: Avestallmersberand do whatever youth Geawocaton op" ‘inona province had ks share of Colorum activity, a “Yforme sepcmaber 01, presented he Anca commander tn secre of Fagan denounced a pn othe peace and ore Ire ta “extensive soe call Coker or Sazaeno fer Jem Meee which Nourse nonin apanan nor inthe province, ul Te thote uchipclags, They srw as he princial ovblemaker one srs atean of education who allepayhad been thea is ZANE iden ed sve nes Mar fo cons. Ae i aot: he made Fagen, hs homctowa, ase forthe propagation ot ‘Chocaim movment, Memes othr Nzacno branch aves be oPetmionsbut Paani predcing peat pes nthe wake ot creed cacouring pearson the boterhed in preparation fo “chon Geneal Cals, head ofall the Laguna forces, surest 0 -mnencansnuly 1901, Cbale fsed og along wi im ‘Wikia eel wi Tas Coals that Cals had broken is Seite ‘Mower County, and thatthe people inthe county ovine cnmue te restennce The ate of atl fourth IRom or column expres ne folowing excep om a prot rug dana gang gst angaming nasa gs a (Stone sugar aga gti nara trundle spgesoangarargapang unex aun sup ain 8g eae a aan mesg rs ong noc dsp oP foci ne oa einen | Ter acre em nnn 10Seener The Pah 10 Katzyaan 69 -Tmtang ging Conn a mg tag 4° Cols ang amas ptm at nfl lun pan at maps sian eo She vengbeen “lo being pcs sap ck ining gasp Cala namaay Cape ag ian sumac al pat paca Me Soman sng nig tg ps. Lonesome do othe ety wwe em othe ts Regent have ‘Smeets the ight th in at es the ole wor od tcemmetiswarcusnganpne Wetowed before pieragsin font Fp tg on ta we ugh al rote eh nourceacene, nemesis the thepen sete de fo anger epee ps songs ater aunty ha ed einen Hom ec wok ben or oto ein the el, ever sede. and sy Togo ves ut nd ou oto wera” Noone believed mone in ths andthe ea of dying for Mather Country tun Andis Ronco, hese were among the Wels hat shaped the Kat tia, The kinguage ofthe Pour Reginent hasan added ipieance in that ‘ply epee the behavior of alles who, wth Tia belonged the fou thi ploted Bonifacio’ dowaal in 1997. "ron, calles and Fas woul be nal as hl governors of Laguna and cave provinces expetvly, whe Calle, whoo Malay promoted fall (Stone! and made cet fl the Laguna frees, would be honed down a4 “band Accordingto the Pigsanin principles, «wis the Colona Society thr "eedoced” Cabal ino conning the seule Tiss mou ikely an ‘eaggeation. ut dere no doube thatthe Colonom aed around Caalles provided im with manpower ad financial support One funda ‘Shngue ofthe Papansan Colour wae these of two sates called “Mahal ‘Ana ely Faber ad Mahal naa” (ety othe stuf with ction fds to make hen kok aunt, nse which were ventoqusts dieting [Bens to pareipte in the war, the very Jes ough cones of ‘oney a kind” ‘lena Naar, Cables and ther gurl Jeaders of principal ack eon pied te wr spain great odds becae hey could eyo the ‘iehcanted supose pore clsses Tey knew that be essay had Frmed thelr hopes fora beeen the atinment of Kalyan nee th of what cory would bring undoubtedly fred among the vaso {ical lansesand groups patcpate inthe war. TheColorumSocey or 1A ny ho wa dome ce of te seen tt ie Ch Pa sp ot nS190 he Pa Katey example, was only one of the oganizations through which pestants hoped ‘Spy the fats of Kalyan. But Maar ander pai principales i ‘ettaetotap ths poplrroundswell Nowhere nth corespondence Ie find the fear of ara and doer that some officals of the epic ‘Voiced in this condemnaion of fanatical” peasant societies. Mala ‘issimple—to channel the energy ofthe masses ward defending Cuney against te Amencans, by sresing the Katipunan valves fp Sommitinenos eand death stage in which each parcpan, spre the oten-negieed peasant Higher, vas asured of otal ad mater tment. When Malar supendered on 16 Apri 902, be don order to Isegiom ands opi from etl destrscton. The pipes inthe ihr switched sides or were neurite when General Balls econ lon and search and destoy” poles completely dsp econom e tnd freedom of movement” Famine, cased by the desraction of fo “pplies andthe deaths of work animal fom dinate, anda mae that stared around March, tok 3 much greater tal of ves ‘Seal warfare. Faced withthe prospect of genocide, Malar ad no choice Persistence of the Kalayaan Heal “The suender in 1902 of the main goers armies gave the populace & breathing spelling which the specter of famine and dase were che tin United tates sd. the new colonial goverment found “cuts place thecountry. pany the bland of uzun Samar apd Ley, Inaconditonofranguty and order. Forwhatthe Amercanshadtcontad tra was rely the mood ofthe populace Notwithstanding the defeat of he ‘Rvolutonaytrmis te unde of thousands of Wes lo and the dec tho of the county. the image of talnyan continued to pervade the ‘onscouanes parc of the poorer and lesveducated classes. Amescat ‘reports ding the immediate postwat perio constaey bemoan what they ‘Senay te frat stitade owt poles and independence on the fatto tothe minds ofthe Amencann, very unlikely ypes of people Ule en brug the sibjcin conversation wth American slderspasig "rough he ons” Bventhone wha hamid er peace withthe Amer “proper of local emcee They pensess song dese for = ‘re Patho Kalyan 171 ccsionlly_fevale to thele American fends their iid memories and ‘Sootons ofthe sruggefrsllrle One had ony to ntedce the subject (Tie tary, ote tales of allen and war” in de "to se eyes Dash aed Ghecksbum'™ Ingener however, "the beter css of people quote the ‘Srnabelany chef were"exvemel teed ofthe stugae and were wling © ite goverment in saping ou futher acs eszance® Dobie. in {9 summarined he tution hs "With the exception of mal percent {ge propery oneal lipinos deste the independence of cr coun. {ym Alte a 907, the constabulary in southern Luzon reported that in ‘Stsogon, Romblon and Taya he whole population seems Swept oT 1S {eet by the independence ies. Only afew men of prominence have been ‘Song encugh to stand in oppastion > ‘Gren the prevaing ood ofthe populce, many of the tstrados ad luge propery owners who had paipaed inthe Malolos goverment ominued to Work for independence But hey chowe todo 0 within the {famework ofthe clonal order, banking on American hntshatoal sl rule ‘ould eventual be grated fer a petiod of "utelage” in which power ‘Teuldbe shuredbetween the Americans and the nave elt. Theirapprosch ‘Testhmugh the formation of polis! partes bearing various shader ofthe IRaependence pat, Not uni 1907, however, dhe catous efor brat with the election of mations Philp) asembly dominated by ‘he Naconlisa Pay ‘rom tound 1901, many menbers of the Flipino ele who had pst supped Maloosrepubicfound it theiradvanageto collaborate inthe [mercan crpaig of “paciealon” As arecent sud has oited out the Fino elte"quicly Found co-opertion wih the ned Satesmoreadvan lugeous han thei ovina expectations. Dy preserving the peace and onder, they sre sls presen the raion stem which pave ther upper ‘Tis a ference tothe tation around 1907, bute study osha hat see ett i en em iy ee ok ea 1. “25 nem T Allen Ate Genera US Anny Man, 26 December 1901 18434, 3 tlhe cone nb pins Sen Dace Can, aniston to pear kas TSU Dy aes Cag pia an Seine mm te et epee Shae te Fs oe Biche, iplmerngie ew nk Tecan ere yan nao en On172 The Path Kalayaan scaly 5 1901 members ofthe native elite were allowed 1 dominate ‘municipal and provncal level of goverment in the “pace” ae, imem hateletingtherappeit forse ule” Thshedoasiaton i ‘omncavotcers of Agua ay ar povemorsf home pov [ie te new ode, wilingy ad gute hen persecuted the eal Uinta geri iting or independence. Gen. un Cals of Laguna, Pablo Teeson of fulacn, Cal esferino Joven of Pampanga, Gon Ma Delgado of Pansy—these were only a few of the revoluctonaros prominent alee whone loyally and eicecy s ronal poverors ‘American governor general could hardly pase enough" "These tnlvhns could paras thle aks wt ary any fangs ‘ocpangs ofconseence because ofthe myth, created by the declaration Sfmolerisme Acti 1902 tht ll emaising“woublemakes Inthe new “roc vere sin ands, lade This 9th, nial em Sie propagated by what the Amencans ale the “beter cases of pine sche evenly came tobe acceped by ever eater sents of population a esl of ts propagation in the publ school system, (cay tne pero fom 1902 to 1090 every ile understood anda Soe respects clouded in serecy.® I any cas ths deneaton Of any arm Testance wth hindiy provided the goverment and ts lino alles the needed anfaton te ars measures aginst eae. "We [peuing ride bad men, wrote Gover Ta and we are nox offering {emo any sor. A mimber have been sentenced to be hanged ae mo Iheothers ave receved long seatences. isnot qt so spectacular 3s 10K then in atl, tute, ink, a bene eer 4 Tt was eas foredeated or pope Pipnos to accept te band ‘pecase the Kaunas th ose flr 1991 were composed of “od people and led yas one soc pt “fice of scr grade [socal stats anditeligence™ Among the leaders were alors, barbers (Cook blak’ heper, peasant ames and vagabond. Some, ‘Soke and servant of prominen fas, had becore oer nthe el Bilan eS Saye Ragan 1A A ch phen sce apie sant sce pel el | nag cra nis so vem aman Sms Tel sa wie cy el 9), ag S15, ‘momen rere ng feet prone acing ane once ‘he Path to Kateyaan 175. sonar army and refed to et othe former ocypations" Some were ems and mts, sarin most respects to Apaiaro de a Civ, Further Mme the mos able of thee men were omer assoctes of Bonifacio and Tonite tonite the Katpanan overeat of 196. James LeRoy, ae Tp though the Linon course sn 1905, remarked hatte masses il Fated thee leaders practi le sep.” but beause of "the turmols pede to queria warfare agaist Arbercan authori” thee masses were her morte snmfew aap, ot eign and mere ‘Shemurs, fad an of te ld comet cago cise the en of repeats sng gene. Th eel nspereence {scemnaedamngtn maces eee pony tow he ms aca {last eve!opd eons ate ein Lefioy asserts that anough new eadershadcometothefore the masses were spate veer ke sep herded hither other atthe commana ofthe frases But how do we reconcile ths image of pasiay wsh he observation arte Mel of independence was present? Why did he roses pers In Dockingothese“gnrantand mere adventurous Tenders inspec te ik lmeiver? Out key toundetanding the continuing unre ofthe st decade [amescan le esin the meaning ofthe word kalaya healing ey the aleent props thir appeared at this ime. The new leaders gine a felowing Beem thy offered 4 way to klayan hr the men of propery nd eeation had long Toran, Sokay's Katipunan in Augus 190, a Nacional Pay (otto be confased with he dustado- led Naconalisa Party of 1907) stempted to seek legal sans, which was immediacy denial by Ta bocune ofthe presence of “conimed at Puncros among ts leader, Indeed, with Stlago Aare as one of Preston, Andres Vilaneva ar vie president and people like Macario ay, Aurelio Tolemino, Arvedo del Rosas, ancsco Careon, Biccio Panta and Pantaleo Tomes secretaries, semed a fhe Katipunan of ‘Boma had een reimected.Couldstbea mere coinedence thatthe men tnelved inthe acc eas othe Katpanan were the isto cen The new regime constr, even wile many genenls ofthe fallen republic were seamperng lor office and tatu na? The Nacional Pan, {gether mith the bor unon of Dominador Gone and Bishop Gregorio [Alipay Philippine Independent Church, atempsed 6 Fo 3p coal thn avoeatay veteran Ktigunerosmho caimed "ax sender consi174 The Pah 1 Kaleynan eaton forthe tanga arangement wouldappealtothe secret robes that they oped wo resscate™ 7 elke Philippine Commision wasted no nein enacting, in Nove ber 19 a “Sedtion Law which imposed grave punishment on aye (iad ui of advocating independence nox ony trough open Sicaks thong sediious” speeches, wntings, dramas, and the pay otiponanflage ad insgnian The Nacional Party was Gis preven [Homoperstinglegly,Desptethretsand aces, however, the eer thismovement who escaped ny continued to wage the RePvaate trough evs othe Katponan. Themes imposing ‘Tong tem wse Macao Sak. Sikes an appremice ina cata manufactring shop, and alo aoe He mroteand ex Tagalog ard spoke a lite Spanish “bat no enough (2ioiay os ausined conversion ™ He knew Andres Boia, bah {fem Being resents inthe Tondo dict of Mana an actors a pop [Situs called homadhace moro mora Sakay payed the role of prince nde eee mcipe Belaoeno and in Rodrig de Vilas. A the mes he Eraemm nthe koma tied Doce Pres de Prancia ain Amante de a corome 184, he ned the Katipunan ad because of his ood record | wT tppoine president of the Dept, Mar, branch. Abad notes ha | ‘ithaugh say was an active Ratipanero, the Spanish awhonibes fle ‘ete ns whcreabrat and aces because be paricpate in most Ko pace righ inferences a Maia His conspcoousolesin ips carmas dogs hie reat sear 262 member of Andes Bon Moksha = Sekayscareeravan acorn Tagalog dramas—he probabt als Pate some pars the stuaklo—ikely shaped his pesceions of whit Pettion warallabout Asanacoebe parcipate inthe unfolding word atbclonged othe masses of Tagalog ola wot fchivaly,lyy ad Bhs nk ig ag Ze 1 9 UH 3 SOOT Sor stca ky aren na ora ee sand 5p anes ema ie ee ‘Coops epi. dpe hn 3958 one opel he at imag of S| “ine cmt nha an Pa Weare nieces yey voce ny ae eed wo we Seem tka mesh oars Sey as eames we oe coe CELTS Swann ect wine nT A oe TGR sie independ mat sie ig a es ‘he Path Kalayaan 178 lov, in which acts of bravery and seco a willingness o face eth, (Roe in the aint of aia pols “Asa Katpuneo, Slay helped man he Katipunan press He also fought alongside Boca in many encour, partly inthe ils of Morong ‘er the downfall of nace and the Magdwang wing ofthe Kxpunan {aor skys iary me seme to have Been curaled, Several former [rrvalbinthe revluonary government fave noted sak’ pote his ‘Euined comment to the spread of Kaupunan eas among the popu {ice kay, says General Ree, "was one of those who wert rm tw 0 town, wining the poopie overto dhe ase ofthe Katipunan ™ Pode lar ‘Sanment that whic mary eer like himself were bas conducting the Son salay concemed final primary withthe formation of Katpanan ‘Shier, Thi preocupation wh the Katipunan was constued innocently tthe leader al the revohtlonary goverment In spe ofthe fc at Ngvinalio'shosrado adver were land by the continued existence of Ftipunan cities In many tons, they realized he imporance of the ‘tuna om inmanaining the evolutionary adore tbe populace Men The kay were pray encourage the cena government 0 propagate etponon Wess form of senghening the oyales ofthe rr ares (0 the cee. ‘Darn the republican period the term “Katipunan” was ofl defined asthe ration But very tle, any, was made to bul the Philippine ‘atom slong Katiponan lines Ealtaranem and mass mobilation were Concept eseneithe adesip ofthe dosradosand principales. The Concer praciccofRatpunanidealsthiremainedconfinedtothetocallevl. {not surpsing tha ertheillodhe Phiippine rep at the end ofthe eu restate Aercan rule watt and ledlagely by india (Flow soci stat nd minal education, for # was are this segment of ‘Sete thatrqardedthe Katipunan ba way of fe constuing the essence of Ta pao trae nora canes erences SaaS weeny Reus nae er eae Se See Se Ciceeapmetoeae aarrereak See dritarcaretmacas St st trp. “Sta en Poh i Sn, gating Neon ne Ths Satie Te Why erica rege Pipe eae coiesntpticng ong aniprecrremngto ssn Hit a SEERA ele ene sts epi racoegret ‘Taney eyo ale aeari ema omen Eth ‘ifaw16 The Pah 1 Kalan eng a tac “un of Mother County” In Slay case, ce fom nk eg New Raipunan (which call henceforh be called ‘SEijponan’) tat he regarded copulation 1 the Americans a5 ¢ Fate to aayan,Sakay20"hved the Katipunan, ay io del Fr rd in the sug aginst ret ols He remained cre a ee Meromgumilhiscapeuein 1901. Amnexted shorty afterward she ve uneground 0 wor for real of te Kab” ap er lay wasome of te secretaries of the shoved Nacion Pango by 190s be sera wo have abandoned the “ga” approach celialpendence question. In any case the American goverment pe 1 ne nore maleale Busrados nthe waster of rome meas toe we mv Thus tothe diated adherens ofthe Katana, aa ayaa was tattered by Borin 1096, 0192, we cere neadots-Republic of Katgaoga.”inehilsofsouter Sane gy oh epic wasn essence tha ofthe cary Kasipaan, aa ee net fond in Jacin's Karlya” of 1896 became pa ide open ofthe sate conten, promlgaed in Novem to ty ates tate congress shal inno Wa¥ act counter 0 he 1 Sater Cena) hax characte the Katipunan ever se re pled the honored Cat A Bona inthe year 192° sar Mans of ts apparent real of Bonifacio Katipunan ae i re ac aa come hexane imply, simply 2 ootmaton ofthe and inbopeadene by an ene Weald pthaps ude Ce ee fabeinga miner refieion ofthe republic at Malolos Saka tn vacamunpbex ngaion oe Malolos ide, As we sala, SA aa son of apuners round tm fk tht something was testi ar eS he way th evn tad ben conde in he roe pa aa Theat valable documento the Republi of Katagalbgan— aan eae te say 1902—_heyis wt an ought tics Of peoples Iotvton dung the recent #3" YT a puiimagat ng ua tos Pps pga i 9 eee pasa cy gua nepal yank Katabayan tore pang ss ean, ia ne ernuraae e apap moog K Passa Hoa Kaun 5 ‘Spans paisa See Ragen ap Pahoa (Prenur) ‘he Path to Kalaynon 177 urine wrth was npn Paps came peta oa ey of ns set, bese appl ae oF wee Caen Shon thes bee mare ingest deenshe we, ae sowmteay wax purmeset Prey, est Co she War Order abe gute specially to "whose Tagulogs wh are Te at eseersandmen defending or Mother Country tay down hele a copie jricon othe United Sates goverane and 10 Focal ena n caring or causing he ae of toe conning ae The tetenc, af cove, sto what American officals teed ae Pfr, many fem former officers fhe eeltonsry ete pe formed a mane component ofthe campaign aginst “enty a bene elas orsiatelget, weld Cas” of mative The toto athe Amescan colori vexabulay. ‘The War Oder does pot ae petsppese at of elon Flos as an aspect fess conic Sra ay the chan wealthy Flipines are not groupes on OPES aan yeas folowing aie rom the Republic of Katagsipan’s ‘Conaton sows ‘sno mang ao ugh sak to Kaplnng Kab wan a Ta cngl go ayn ns sy ane ala nana ‘a mayan, ita, maruong manana ha 37 mt fay ne wnang ibe a ane dap maar eh, a manana me gana ape bgt pea lingo sng ahi” No Tagg bin isaac salen eon svete ae a natant df, hy poo end a ieee es sha be nen oh Thee May Be ec: wel appenance, br never eal aN pera and bay tomes cS nef, there canbe wiy among those of lifleen eves of wea a ace he Ratpunan viewed felf and is supporters not asa lass Dut ate cota the whole society confoning those wo, by thelr Ba th very como for society to exist" The Wea funy Sra ed by idvidass hone ations were msiated by [owe Foe ee etcdgranheselfoverthe whole yet hese ery sme people (Bogue he respect the poor and ignorant” and reaped met of the “a aman ty ha Sens 3 Kaine app a 8 to Tat adept ad rant Ege Tera er taunt’ Mma awe 7 37-5178 The Patho Kalyan pects ofthe revoltion. From an extemal viewpoint however, he egies canbe applied tothe stun in which the Kapunan found SETS Shcmtes were no cher han the beter clas” atthe ‘Rois prowl of Tus aBhough Kes of ineriony under the sre and statements about Ppa sciy, there seems 10 be Te econ eueior ste and membership ina cass, This wil Tats me delve Tuer it the sources fo the prio -the Kiipunans usefthe dion ofl cident as we quote tne 1002 War Orde ‘hon soe oayg ba on e masa 2 taal a + nana tpn Kalan gg aah Sonatina in en "ir pnts mp atayang pat 805, a ant edongsegegsctang cob neshatupangbuhs made neon ng esi os Raaaan “Tre aces rts ones doormen babe doorde ni Pina bade tothone whose atone as, sare rand ah waesoningcompacontcar forth enat “Peay wc appalto congue wih ph obohavefabntsand a! Ramone eas fast we may tn aaa [soon pole SF telngap for he county's ons, there was lowe forthe wel. nad PeEyBam tthe whole people, # was "alyaun oftheir odes” tat aaa ic comption of sacred Rtipunan seals along with “ad bea ‘eilalsorry min nfs weakness an ak of contain the loa ‘puncan ms settings right by mobilizing those of upright 1b" Continue the stg fr kala. For Slay and thers whim, oting was nore nfuating than he “ofthe tcom katsyaan The word as abenated from sca fl ees yStoemon and plan pote who sought to juste behav erlgce wih fest meme the revuton. One often nds see atthe peri trad and prnipales mouthing revolwionary be wiht Amores 8 mapealy tnsfonmed fom "enemy it ibe The Path to Kalan 79 pe atone flowing exe am an aie eee Gyn Agustina te fenetieshonoanga repent he United Sete ya a st tberatd” Be tow “Prete Mie poe spied oe bese fromthe oe of nn eeitheramnpeneee weraseJoureeno Heaven ftp, epee ‘pence may we ep pan jpoing omer. mi perp ey ae cern gil ee gnats metered Ege, Selltneceet gn tomar ee ee im nis rat Tce wher ands merece Spat Und eae aaa peop si Gad ar mea ee ce ne aan ania motherpuhswinteatanacovcxe. elect Ta ex have ough apne, ban pss Hed i 9 resevs war eniown whkhisnsed ors peneilchance forse far nfo ano cin when yo fst yurfect on se, pions hasotbeen ne Sac edo sete yr nour wok era te a ning pele wih eet who under fae lo of Fraps nt qnren population of the smentar or tr comm “This statement, given oneal of the “genie representatives of Len omic agus mechan, al rdutious people” shows some For dgiyofensteegnent ofthe Fino cet adapto changing ain the sar who would lead the cout along the path terse evolinare ne county ie ae fae patios deciving carat Qc can imagine the suprbe and deb oftberevohtonaies onch copention of te language by cllaorators inthe ows, ‘Sin snegennc an wh wa fle? The Americans and theca aes coutlytsedtapeopatethe oon thatthe remsningsrgent were 86 ‘Sedtanogung ore than bands, The Kalpana, on the ther and, cen ck the beer of mahentiky. In an undated eter to Feri aes ihc Kacpunan matin isfighing te Unked Sates goverment saan Defend the genuine nay kalayan of Ue county adn 2 rear tose penne Ratan Puthermore,Krefutes allegations of Pree Bening to patsansare"genine evoksionaresin deed and eat he pemine hatin (ay na Revouchoari sa gaa enero sa hoy na katran)” Al al the word nay (ene) “7 beac me he fh pf Ceti irs at ct ty ot a acs heen mtn a dein ee nt nach epoca eeu dunt mA POS NA.)99 The Fab» Kalayaan appears seven ines inthis shor eter" Authenticity also the em {Re tinal ns of Says Const: arming aman fb, 2 pang yt Katipunan bu tt pom dos atgloan a masanesl ‘memsaagnn nen ito paren "The nerd who have adethe har a pei Kapa tect nar inkaasuga. commited ete Fourravetanh events [nL this ermphasis on the “gemine” harks bck 0 Jaco etncen pene ighthwanag-andthe deceptive appearance of vitae or qr Thowe wo vive on appearances not ony an Ti that aks snes ad ranaparecy, bu lo exp he weak (eg tced ether. The War Order eared to such india treme consequences sich axconfication ef propery ad eve UTSInclr teachers at Moreqwer, a caming that they ae the atnots, the aponan gives evidence of ts commitment 8 "3 FESS cneamrmal) in ode to obtain independence hes been atte sine the fet e189) Commitment, acu anal of te CURSES haw shown, empleo hat has endured many tals rng {Cte been continually puied and strengthened. At the conchson of ‘Warder the Kapa appeals preety onda capable of tment ose lob re -sncere™—t tt inthe Katipunan a forthe nanment of complete sn of loc for oni hen wil become 1 realy “Knees mpertant aspectoftheiiom of loshat we suse chapter the connection between sat of lod and aby to show cor sees ive ama for eters Tis domisant featur ofthe pasyon ‘fo Kaupunun tcelogy again appear inthe nerprtation of dhe Tetbun the War Onder candemns the hardness CAagasan? of lads ‘ERtaborsoe who, the than have compassion ingap or the Iiuuce. uke) goes to suender™ A connecon posted (he sate of peoples oot and ther elaonsip to the deme ‘ing age y the Katipunan. i amar pasyon tems, dhe aon ‘pie juasike figures woe loaf arr thn he hardest For kecpuncn ges indificolstrass owing American ary mi “sng ie or no sya fom leading ctizens the payon raion Ent provided» content of meaning it which o sate Heels se ata 015 ‘he Pb to Kaleyuan 181 then her shares of los everywhere, sthe Katipunan perceived ia {goetierecan be no unity alo genuine ayaa, Tat wy there san Tei Ste in thee doce, onthe need for “pany” “sey” and ca” foc that eukeindamay, compassion and, imately ny ‘ReEeNuon ofthe Republic of Katagganpescves the el mode of Tatar of ezens, hs na i mang bg ay saga mang maga Kau, at nutgsipen rg flay pus ang xara pg ay ap ‘pg aly nd, yor ns or neg ab 08 Fees agveig skit to mo Kaptan tanga ane at 7 seagoing cling v2 one MOE ‘Sowa ang paumalekt ns er Tig shu culate od manne of behavior go in se thelnectrange seat oats dmayfors fel en ano) reaeee ie rhs tomas nthe ln especial fre tee ‘achat geen ibe owe et Ione for Masher County be honored, continues the constuton, here esti be no devon rt re ata, ana “dsrdeiness of mind and TARE" hal ma a ste purged. Evident kala, a the Kati aa onan pt mel the aammcot of pola severe #8 eRation in whi he Toc of Mee Coury’ sons ar joined tometer Teeth sais els of behavior have been met inthe experience of the sre “Ihe dt eas, ound infra Katipunan documents, ao appea in sontthat was poplar among the ral folk who harbored and stained the aia “banat ing a ga katy Singstar a ‘np pin pansy Sy ‘Snare oon on a8 ‘ome cme eur coun Serarerleme te new aa Fuel by Say tose osu slog the sigh ph, Sayan Kate don tin ‘Son nh ag st ‘rR 2ng ese {Sioy ang hemande Mining te Sad a open ang ah182 The Pat Kaley “Tote own Kae they tare thee apes ne ie Sd tnd he pit, yy Ang tangy mala os ‘A Kirke arog maha. ‘Mangas amok id asp yoo magpatlog—ps karen ‘Ropu evens ha mag tae ‘Spamalot og pa? ‘Te co thm the i they sep, ‘Theil gas eed ke ‘he exe mst od nt bee ot, te woul lt then Seep pl hey. SSieturabe one ‘The “folk” taracer ofthis song shows in the confusion of det Second stanza. Say, not Keon, Was the preset, whe efrence fave been to Kab province ther than own ayn). But act” are ‘what the song about tan the ntonofkatwir nes two sane that of damay in he hid. The Katpananedby Saka ssid to have st unt om the straight path spun, ping tht prev there wa ‘crtaton, lack ffm ection. sword real de image of te that loss besigs ia stor, a6 Apolo ence deseied the linuided bythe Le of bis teachings te thee ct, peta, ‘bemeen the notion ofthe restoration of staightaes andthe une ‘on Says aga blazing on withthe eer"K" Rat Ratna eer, ts manifold aysreaching out the very border Ineo othe ofthe revolsonary er do we find ican intentiston othe image cf butthen,neverhac Mother County been n2 moe cite condtion, ha ulfere only mtr defeat tthe accepanc, by er alleged lea ‘en, of the path of ealabontion tah the new ruler Collaboration ‘eyarded by the Katipunan as a paticuany ae manfstion of County's deviation from the saight pa” The magnified sunin Say’ ‘anti be reaned ay edemptve sgn ina oubled er. 1 was the Tiwange—sat would show to thowe of peg ot the "sgh pa slay "The hit and fina stanza of the above song provides yet nother ena ‘ofthe imporance of amay and compassion asa scl experience ding Sage roe on’ BEE ‘The Path Kalayaan 183 revlon. Without even entering into 2 dscuston ofthe mail, we can {fehow the descption ofthe hardship encountered bythe Katpuneros~the {Sid eat, ll gas, and Bree moss Vat would not ttm sleep — ‘rokestheexpenence of compassion nthe singe ander, inthe forth ie, mga Raa aun, andated ae “how ptf they are" express ay (aa fo theme in arship. The Key tote saa meaning is that aut ‘Snot meriy “py” inthe sense of an emotional oupouring fom the India. Hrmustbe understood gether wih he succeeding lines "And 0 Jerr all be one / with the sufleing mother” The causal connection terwoen awa and unt isnocacieamal only when teres tao something, fRuted to can tere be un among men and with the motherand hoi feflerng. aa usin he pepon, Chit en deserbed shat ‘Soke respons rom man does the song third stinzs evoke damay forthe tpn ier and the sullering Mother Coury who ue experiencing paso. And where can awa or damay aise among thse who vek pn and seengen thet los so that they can este teach ote? Hence sme reen fo the fundamental meaning of uy nthe Kaiponan soa. ‘ikay’s Katipunan, with ks emphasis on keeping alive the revolutionary syle of Bonifacio Kaupunan, could not have been the beet hero ‘oinated evouion hat preceded To tlk fs continuum nthe spate forindependence, o assume that 3 cameron meaning of independence texted forall, eventual leads tthe conclusion atthe pos 190 Kapa sas were supeicus because they ale” while the dostndos, because hey expertly played the game of colaborstion withthe new rules, managed 0 fain ore and more oll for the country. The question ha toe posed isthe independence” atthe dusrados manage to weet frm the Armen ‘ass equialent tothe condi eledNalajaan? Or is pt the supreme ‘rdc ofthe manipulation of appearances? In the Malolos epubsc. we ‘al, an emphasis onthe appearance of unto aan wold econo as {Sovereign sate Mad ll ut soppessed the Kaiponan ea of eeasing the otentilesflo6b-lowe, compan, vein he ac of parcipatingin fieredemption of Mother Fiipnas. Independence had come tobe dined ‘nsuatc sense autonomy and wn Was lormaled nthe comingtogeet ‘men of wealth edueston, apd socal prominence athe Malolos compres: ‘othe Katipunan, hisall gave the appearance of uni notte experience of tay. As long genry-evohuionares thought in tems ef maining ‘etal relaionshipe with themes atthe top, the power of unity, of “eoming together,” was weak oF absent “Atother perspective onthe ference between the 1902 Katjpunan ands ‘epuhlcan predecessors provided by Cron Nido, tao and one of the [Ender of the Katipunan in Halwa Bulacan, whom the Americ t= ted in Janay 1902. The Dalvag operation, which recognned Say Present of the republiy was headed by Alandeo Sanda, one of the embers of onic’: supreme counc 169. Nisan reps 0 his184 The Pah wo Kalayaan captors reves distinction betcenthe terms Yevouconai, or ithe eas “Agunaie's revolution” and “Katipunero” According “Nhe aificencebermeen the present Kajpunan athe old revotion {he present Katipunan men dont wat ok anybody they wae abd {he lw they dont wae to get don: they want © be ious * (ely Wheto satrcmont ae avaableto us nl inthe inerpetrs (fansltion, What, Forerampe, was Ned's word fr "sw/7 Could tien eatiranorsomethingskimtodeneionot the srg path? ‘educating to thelr of te American colon cereing ceveusonaot and Katpunen,” te sate of foob—ol tromaley Is one incitor—is his main focus We know thi A Mevekacionaros could indeed, beaccusedoinmiora beioe. ays api another of Bonifacio’ Former associates onaccoet he shsesandimmonie of suchas ees and (ape mre! women ol sige uy cela wee oh ‘Sina tend ot prstng the cls wend py ley, ‘Mian pty eens we dont payor ses “The word vinwousin Nicos ast sentence i almost cera the T ThanalKs-vitue”or haba tht he ew Katipunan upholds. A ‘tener In 1856 by Naki who inended to be the Philp na ner if Bont had ved tobe president, rates the xaposiion ive ad sou [At pasuhungin ana pur kabanalan, ang po kahanalan, okay maitage fata eyo para angen Log, kg te ean kaa, Lennon go foe eno and ine ett speech ard sie | For mw enslenee sal nh evosbsans ca beige fom within as wll without. From the penpectve iis al too eay to gon the absiows manifestations of the Snsmaous gle for Philippine naonhood But kay, Ned and Feo expanses perceived a decent. Tothen “Aginaos thon had sraje fom the path tht the movement of 1996 ad chose “$4. Record of Eamon of Cn Ma. 5 ey 182A AS, USA) $s ernel ntSpntn aptr ‘he Pb 0 Kalayuan 185 ‘meolucionaro" leaders, on their pat hardly recognize the pos 1901 Fespuran a the lesimate continuation of ther movement onng in the Karen chons of batt seeatonsagunt Say apd Ns group Was pery anther way of claiming continaty Mos ofthe revolucionao” BIEL Ngutsced to and collaborated withthe new clonal order a part of Teme of ley and expdieney which the Fp ele hat been wn to ply exceedingly well” Unfonunately, thas Brenthouse much feof hate res of scey simpy swayed an ent togeer with thei ihe pros, a that thowe who dd not Were rely outde soy, Le, (Mulvorslginsfanatcr has ever ace pointed cat how deep the Kat Fettm experience maw very mach lve was afer 190, and how many Fam tne pests turned to Katipunan and regpolical leaders not ecessny a nd weston othe turmol and insect arsing tom the Teyana a consegbence oftheir ew F what the revolution was all out rom around Apfil o August 193, Slay made his headquarters at ‘Moun San soa the te more the Cofrai de Sn Jose mde is san inte Spas in 8A. There he prcasmed hel present ofthe Phppinerepubl, Captain Grove of the constabulary and exrevolcion- [onow Laguna Covermor, Juan Calls, led vatous expeditions 10 the ‘sin inatempsto sverige hen Fal in Apu 1903 ty forced him {Brrnlerhistus of operations tothe ilsof Moron" Generally Sekay's {Eatpunan had potoxbleinsecurng support om the ihabanes ofthe lly [ mounsanous ares ef southem avon. Where the power ofthe town ‘ied printer was wel the Katipunan gvernment provided an aller Tn 1906, Dobery ted with serps that thousands of rmomtados were supporter of Salty” Rimontada roe the Spanish meaning “o mount hin ors ake the wonders not only oa group of nda who He-Ne fm he bello ive a eae fe, but toa Whole specu ti indvidal an soci activites unsanctioned and ten condemned by the Sanit and principale overersofthe poco way of Me. ALanearer sae span rie “ementado™ usally meant ene who reise to accept {Gstany and reset win the ob of town ch; evenly coud ‘mean one who kad eo the bist avo he payment of ute and force Lior toeseape frit etches of he aw, oe tolve aa het andasete Some nineteen century cheers, uch s Sawyer, apor and even Ria, TF, Te evan ene wp lin avid ee, Manet nau utr oe bce ney tag p Cn oe ‘Bien tli as. nena “SPUD ihn toy ae vane ee A a,186 The Path Kalayaan scem to associate the emostado phenomenon wih an inate “ronaz ates nthe pueblos to ern to ie of eer and eneteay ature the hills the Katipanan epesing of 196, thee ei ‘omontado suppot fr Bonifacio’ aie. One of the seme ‘Stocites inthe untawak upring was an old moni named ‘hn wore ela hatomarnte wiser wi kno of he sme Tong fad wo ave cared, eatechsed and inated ond peasants ihe fis surounding Balintawak. He was one of those (eam severe, of which the Katipunan hada precios few, and “hie! of operations othe group of rontados and peasants hat the Chine and heir store in Caloocan and other places in the alngawaks Perhaps it was the example of Lang that inspired faving escaped othe ils of Sin Mateo afer his defeats in an to confes that ia case the Kajpanan failed, be would remain an or him there wa no thowgl of reruming 1 the fold of the feoverniment Some seven yeas ate, Slay ead the same aod mite, And the remontados were there 1 suppor in Kalayaan as Religion “The presence of Saka andthe Katipunan ia Mount San isbn the Color int the picture,” We real atthe Colorum Society Sipported Maras restance in 1901 and 1902. ven after his su Ihomeves the provinces of guns Batangas.nd ayabas withthe win towns San rato an Banabaw staing ther bounds, pe ina sate of rebellon and unre. I te 1902, when peactally al of provinces had Pino goverson, an American fier, capt Henry Fone, was appointed to the Taya post. Revolutionary activity in hit Province wasspeily seus in and about the owns of Tiong, Cs Dolores satay and Manin, anda leer extn inte vein oP ‘Tayabas Lucha, Samp and hers "Tn oder to porish de for ctepain, says Governor Bando, 2 “rough miliary reconcenta tthe tomnsof Delores, Tong, Candia and Saray was putin ‘The sgnicane ofthese place names is inthe fat that most te the early Citas dean Jose nad om tem. Dolores, starting poi thepilarinape tothe new Jenssem, bad been ily xz during tba yt contd o haror obverse” elements Is oo suring For qs Sor ta el ior oe rota ert Tbe Pn are oe "romney of Vans Spee el 2t One 16 the man “Rr thane 83 ene ‘The Patt Kalyan 187 pay should ta yp there in 1903, 1 proclaim himself president of the he. Fe ingt explin the above phenomenon, Bandholr dressed he severe enum isoeaon experienced by Tayabuspovince. Ores ninety percent SF Rark animals had ether boon hile dusng the war or cared off by fd sur, ney ng agreukre ad seriously cpg trans ict. Poor harvests compourded Tayabas probes, dng the ion ore to the province, Te peat harsh nce pon the Freepcope argued Handhot brought abou the ate of nest Baths Pee Par ol tn explanation. Econom daocation does not automatically Hero umese wi were any equilly poor and ravaged provinces easly ited byt Amencans? And why dd eiopoltical movement urish eel in flatly prosperous regions? in 90, David Dey, anaccte cbse, insted hat cathe unrest in Teyabas simply “agian” was to gpore ts Kaupunan carats and JEindependence goal" Peasant ia the ren were no reacting Bnd (0 ee destin, Ife comnentry onthe llc ast the period {ol penanctnsed reactions o Aterican rule were ascribed a some sort of eum or rauonaism, Acre examination ofthe avaiable data shows (durthere “meslanic or lena’ movements ether called themselves [Eipunans or aided othe aipanans ke Say’ nthe conning soma fer Katayan. What uliatly bound Wem togeher was thei bel that uynan was ot mere plical autonomy, but the atanment of certain Piethinsorcxisence: Polis ould noe dhoced rom allater aspects [te tke moray and economies The Plippne Commission Repos for {ony hotest eat forthe Colonum, “Independence Us a new region ppd to Bx present etal hrc, which they know is without [verto punish them a5 of ok In previews chapters, we emplasizd that ‘Raion’ the Calor aod, we might 344 t the average Tndio in those kyr waste ain onmzing principe i i, inseparable rom “ado” ‘Tu elyaan became a welgon" 9 many Filpinos sat another way of hot pole” was inseparable from ei daly es fn 302 ar 1903 the provinces of Laguna pd Tayabs continiedin a e fanwot largely because of theatres of pet Bios Saran who very touch reminded the American scolar, James Ley, of Apotinaio de a ‘Cur Roe or Revs ae he hinsl spelled his nme, le a ovement Setemporancous with akaysatnan,ytlessecognized tay owing {Simanalyreigiouschaacer A clove ook atthe adedy meager dats ARR (9 pn of i Dink, Pile Cans» 2 Sa is saa 8 en 12. Sj tn on ant ye No CP amano 1.1 The Pa © Kaleynan om this movement, however, reveals Features ofthe common ange ltrrace trough allo the popular anicconial movements of he period Interns of soil backgroud, Rypeno Ros appar to have Rd some things in commoa wit Saka. Both were town debe” at eas pr aware ‘of developments inthe ori hevond.Sakay wasn barber rom Tondo, whe Rox wea eloweman the Blacksmith t Atimonan. Hoth were nary {eterans ofthe evotion,Riohadthe nk of mor urer he command {-Cal Emo Zurban of the revsionary amy in Tayabas. When Zutan, ‘espondingts Geneal Callessones, suendered tothe Une tes ay 1901, Rios wen along and even tok te oth of allegiance. But soon see Navas and Calls had reorganised the era mowement, Rios ws ae {ithe lel wih the rank of heuteant colonel beaoed om in by Mala [tas the mane of leadership 1901 had pase ean Taso Maa, Cailesto Cale, so dd Rios hen Zurbano's postion, teas nsouthee tera Tayabus. tnSepember 1901, he syed hinse “pal and mila hl Province of ijabas Apart fom hss dic © know precy what Theman was ike and what hs aims wee for we have ore pon American repos which are tty unsympatht tomar hs “banat” Handhota.— ‘desaipson, for example, was phere in 1903 from epee omer Rs and are intenperac wth sre marks 2 o how Hs fle an manipulated the gulible ad ignorant sutyolk™™ tn ftrpeting it ‘etovior, we have to kes in mind dt Stays Tondo and Ross Anat ‘bere andtllare, wed apaintems of urbanky and sophisicton, Rest | followers were mosly oor peasants and inetd wonders, inching. | | ‘Se profesor han cee Row for monpling he SShnfocwecan ema isan se sof moe poplar ea ‘ace the wel Scoring Bands, trace atl llwingy “og astute prophee Hc mage col atom" dred Stree Conan paced nde Mars eaten, Row og see cxcrormntplgmcmen wah ilconpienet sfoicle Ak ‘She mary comand ess by lee gen and sepa | femlwaracup Rename hte ance. e pope tener the to of Aimonan on 8 Agus 18 tobe coed Hat ‘Sitacion by Conor nds ed nt seo ay mee St hac rp eth ae Tey ere est hh eee than. Axteepm ses 10m, near aon a ope ous oom si ke euced Unsam wap te mp 1 NRRC Repent he Prva Gover. Tapas pp 926-7, ao ANP (qo, {ha tp ate gp Cea fab ge ok Sts coe eu Er ‘he Pah o Kaleyuan 189 cific sd wales of with ve policemen al of whom wer cape ther, unarmed Rios wavs called pope” He darted ating ating toa bisfollow em He head confessions ad greed absolution, calming that these were nore ecacous than when done bya Catolc priest Healt had the power teascend to heaven by means ofa rope, Atnight he would concel hms, the then appa in the morning wth announcements sch for example, hatte hadeatked wth the emperos of sia, Geman and France, ae that these potenates would end over ge lets that would dssbute 10,000 fre withthe necessary ammunition on the shores of Tayubas province [ows ateaim asta secufetheindependene ofthe count. Forsome tine, cared with him aches onthe coverof which was painted Independence” tnduhich wis quandedby te picked virgins” Quoting fom Bandar reper: he seo th ret ao pope tht he iio aor ge [ers nkpefcnce hich eno ad nhs pein anak ‘Ssccnshe in consnedthahafotomes dered he woldremon the im eben dependence wend po ty mech ede ‘ertera agp™ Independence would bing Me of ease, prope woul be shared no taxes Ceileted and ls no Jonge needed When the chest was opened was {fund contin only some old Span gavetes and afew heroics mong sich speared the names and ranks af the fils fhe organi ‘american offi found the whole air dcuous parila because of the Tanase” magia ton of independence. Bu they also conser Utingerusly subwerve because this fantartc™ ken’ of independence ‘ern to ply, ss Bandholtz pus Yat each man could help himself 0 ‘thatever he desred-—his neigh pony, caraao, o proper" Tis, ‘couse, an exaggeration for Rs movement had pectic “enemies the {allaboratrs, who happened to be the elo. What ely mae the ovement Subversive” that Ross ollowers had aninage of he ire that ‘hed theiactites. Ths quite evident i the lowing description of ‘rounded gocrilscaptured in Mare 1908 ne Infant: "The fanatic alle hs Dstening eyes se dei in the hog ofthe approach ofthe miles ‘hen indcendenciaies rom the box, there wl en abo, Seer, and m0 “the belie tha dependence, or Kalayasn, woul jump out of box i ‘onsen with Ratipunan images of Flayaan 3" pero condo: 2 ay ht et hn cet i a190 The Path to Kalan Mother Piipias or Bernardo Capi ing ina sat of linbo or slep, aang the day af fia eration that would bing about prosper, comfor Knowledge. The popu beet in resection, based on tadione of lnccsto evormhip at wll a Chitty, was every the chord that Stuck dough ha box a symbole cof, Theres nothing increible ths. at around the same time in Mania, Are Tolentino was aging avptnarinspied dma, Kabapon, Mayon, at Bus (Ps, Preset Pte), which dew upon sanar iages: Met Coury ordered tiveby Ferocious Beat he fas) btasso0n ae the revoktion ed by Ta lig ump, Mather Cony’ ive opens and she comes forth, aan trea sign ofthe unty of her sone. The play incited the aude 5 Uatiewas promptly oppressed” Thefervor inspired by loss magica fan be understood ths igh “hoa prophet Rie could pinto cen sg that a condon of ayaa swssapproathing, na sens ndependece was aleay there nthe bom fat ‘Sr Apotinare del Cuz the king ws “behing the curain” but men had to change theo by papain n tule and inthe toggle sl, below laiayran couldbe eyed. This the signdkcance of an American offices tssetion that "the followers of Ros bateved tat when they had prove troy, he prope would open the box and this mysterious hig. indepen: {Sone woulome fo tothes them" The paral! withthe eter haa inthe pasyon too sking tobe fgoted Independence, are by te tromnen the Tatong Marsa Chace Marys ofthe pasyon-el come fothy Deco stl ay eny wen th people ely ig Rn, ae Raed their own paryon. Pecape te tserophyphcs irsdethe chest were lining anting inebed objece with he power of giving hfe when thee | rescibed alate accompli perfectconvol When Independeace veneer tanesntrebecaemanerar di {ohisormersite, Noses, no ils haningof propery, besherbood thee possbiies wil kave been elzed inthe same wy that parade regained. “The prncpla ol Tayabus ad Lain feted Rios movement aoe? bectie ofthe dmplcaton that ser property would be heated wat Independence but alo because many of these “leading chiens” having preipated in the revoltion of 198apd then acquiesced othe new ode, {hese now considered by Rio trator ta sacred cause. This explain wh os atacked muna officals a well as consabuary soles” Sbang UP the tuntion, Gowemor Bande came othe conchaon thatthe nly way to-combst sch an onanizaion was trough the more imeligent ative themsches” Al oves the province of Taya, Dando organised compa: 7. Anca, Pinan o Pein Beh. 2CQetn Cr Mi es ecto ea St rm sept Cap Murphy, Mant 90 Gn Hay, gle Pe. The Path Kalyan 191 es oltcers composed ofthe higher as of aves and aed them ‘Sah guns, Nodou, conan amount fanm-watng wasiovohedin geting The cooperation of al the pnipales, Bandol, for example, made town tical response for"bands acy inthe psisdton. Buby adage, the pings were foun abe more zealous than expec in combating owlty® snfoced hace” were sometimes tnwfened ty manicpal rents lostlons where the constabulary or loa police oul watch {Ein The consablany isla should be ned, was ed by men ofthe “higher le” "Too olen” reas LeRoy, "the soa iipino oficals of the compa are men of so age a share of Spanish Blood... that they are ‘Seidel hese he lipios and atc hateby the people, being eed ‘hth the Spanish ide of itera se the past” Whats wore, nay ofthe ser fhe Constr and flea of be same las of |Mrmors.spen and ae er eras Aen lary goverment ‘Thos frosty cpa vengeance py ad doe ele odo Nini coner othe or wht uo pies Ie was the combination of constabulary soldiers and pricipala volunteers thar broke the backs ofthe poody armed and vained groups led by Ris, ‘esa, Vertu, Saka atl othe Yererans ofthe evs, hon nue as capred by doce n San Arson, Lana. He and his band wer vied to enter the tn and “make themacives at home.” Aer "osking them n under te ue of rena the “people of San Anion Gnd Pact captured the whole oui, the constabulary reported. Later, ‘Goncmor Calle chimed he designed the capture scheme hil, and Dat ‘cet shoul aloe givento the municipal president. police, and volunteers ‘fSan Antoniow-cenainly net "he peopl." ssthe constabulary allege. Ina {epram of 29 ay 1003 the coal gvemment authored the payment of $200 a 2 reward to the indvidals who had performed "an lmponsnt service” “King” ios, bevaed by principales he mistakenly insted, was ‘rental hanged in Aion” “Te end of ins didnot mean an ent ditrtunces ofthe same rate in agin and Tayabas In Apel 190, a socey ead Solo Dis(One Gos led bya conan Franco," was discovered on the borders of Lago, Tayabs, ‘nd Batangas I hada governmental srocre inthe town of Sap Pablo, ‘gun, ain several buoy Autores eventually ace its beasquaers tothe arin an Crisbal fn 1905, was eponed thatthe Cavite bach 75 nc oe Ree Sony Mand, ae, 1 ye ar APE ep Pcl oe, ea Ene aint 1 Ooty 0 Tet eR Zr eta cee a mana ae192 The Pub Kalyan fine, Colo Society was postetigJlan Mona ad ther of ‘Shyss Raspoan ng hte down y he onebulry and ae ico Contant suellane bythe cnasay of Coto sce {tary nad sand None Sn sto, pte Ee one pel Sten Bu thst preven he oy on underglng ape ‘Sonlight decade ofthe cenry cpl ong ‘aya cameo Teor people firs, Haan, Bt scan pn ben he aya ‘ule of eon tones mea pinay Kapa sa fwoindcpenence movement Cea eae atrayal and Sakay’s Death “The yearsof 1904 and 1905 aw a restgene of Salkay’sKatpunin. for certain highlight, the manele deta of confoeatons between the ‘tabularyandtte Katipunan neednatbe mentioned ere. The veral ‘faite operation was Juan Monta, who sn 1904 was Selma Silay a “heuenane gene fet chief poco multe of sherm ‘Descube by Aguinaldo asa valuable soldier to he revolutionary ‘meat of 1888, Monalan sued, on 10 Ap 1904, the so-caed Nowa pecifyingthevanos grec of pnishment for escheres at git ‘evolutionary government Heneuh Montlan in the por erarhy Maj Gen Comal Felzardo, who operted many in Cave, and Hg “Aniceto Origa who controled the ke towns Batangas On 12 Ne ‘he Philippine Scout headquarters at Sun Pedro Tunsan, Laguna, wae tacked by Feliardos unk. Ths was flloned by arid onthe cons Seaachment at Paahaqve on December AOU sunset 15 January 1 Montalan fe alge contingent ht “marched up the main sect of Itstanga” and “dsarmed the mincpal pobce who made bt» se ‘frosstance” The municipal emury aed armory were mie wile townspeople watched approvingly" On 2 January, Montalan aha teamed up in 2 massive atack onthe od Napaiang Katipunan trong ‘fan Francisco de Malabon, Cavite. Municipal fund, ams and ammo ‘were carted avay andthe far of Gover Teas ksinappe. Tras his 4 open enemy ofthe Katipunan, mangged © evade capeure® > mC rei cn nn ‘gr. rn te ey cat ronahtae Getaa sone ee ee state tee at nr a | ‘he Path Kalayaan 193 “The boldness ofthe Katipunan, the sjmpay apd material suppon i ‘eed fom the nual populace, andthe ably of landlords cukivate Felis becuse of the ures, forced the colonial government, on 31 Far 105 spend the wt of habeas corp in Cavite and Bangs evinces ta Match, econcetaton” or the relocation of wilagers wa Peed to allover Batangas and Cave and some pas of Laguna and ‘Sem tall colon eff le Aguado, who “in convention wih ‘Bens lequenty dean! agnins bandalesm ‘as an ev” co complain Steeles that there was "more feat of mika and police than of ladrones SEomghis fame wich war apparel the case wih most ofthe people ‘Bitton = The plley wrkes homever Through ssematic ames and ‘Rorptons, the gers unis were white dowa in sie and forced tose. scr cbewhese, by mid 1905 Ono hd sutendered © Governor Calls Ski reardo had been ucacherosy murdered. Montlan survived the Hosureonly tgh the help of the evereiable Color Society. But ‘ppression sone dd ot amp out Sakays Katipunan. The syprem0” hin BP natn eneenches nal former Morong) province est Nan, {Sowembvcr 1905 Constabulary Chef Bandols conse that Slay had “top many worm sympathize: in Rial” for the government 0 atempe 1 ‘Shre hin’ What ney brought about the Katipunan sucendet was section a Rundhole pa, playing upon te emonal and ertimental ito theFitpine character let us examine what e mean by this “Acoma fo the Phppine il (Cooper AL) which President Roosevelt signed aon 2 fly 1902, one ofthe eanaons forthe exablisiment of hintgenous Philippine Asscnbly was the compete reson of peace one tvouhow the ache. BY 1905, tok ike this condion ‘Nould not bemetin tine forthe crea ofthe assembly in 1907, Atleast that Sher Bandhle and oder Amen ofa impressed upon aspiring Fann poltan. “We ad peat ates” says Banal, "upon the at at Calne basotertao tas extinct in Cave and Batangas, thane provinces Mul undoubsely be ct el fc representation i the ssembly aed the Seems feopurdeed." One aspiring dusvado polician, Dominador ‘omer, responded by appealing to Sakay,.on grounds of “commen cts,” fe surender peacety. He produced Fett, signed by the American tonemor guaranteeing tht Slay and hs men would not be punished oe fhoesed pon taming themselves i, “Sathe moningt july On, the Kapa, nfl for. marched ana ‘on »salecondt ass. An eyewitness fepons that «bras band ae ir tet a 2 ce Yo ( Aitarac cn) tren Sami uy Pn ora Pape, HO.194 The Path 1 Kaleo fotlowed them wherever they went “They were on fot, accompanied fhundrcdefrownspeope. So peat asthe popula tha hero ‘huts, Mabuhay seakay Mabuhay ang Bayan Donglve kay Ine ees The Ratponeros tended banquets, dances, and Feaive geherings At igh hey fied bands of serenade rig fo (Setiok of prety idles, Apparently the Katipuneros, for e208 ‘iunsctines, perceived he surenderas an ocrasion celebrate. {fe itenes, however a lotto appreicd the leaders had ben devised. Tyjuly, Slay and his af composed of Mona, Leon Vilafver, Lic “Yep ane Benito Natividad were sed by an American ofcero a dance Cotte hosted by Acting Gvemor va Shai, Just before ih | See dincing fe the town hall sled feom the gaze of sympa (Seladolke fe Ratiponer were dsamed and ameted by the (ices nthe com Gomer who continued to init that he d ce jus as much, vise Sala pot 0 ress ares. ‘Sta kind of poveramen rst exciaimed Gene Vilar atpunan brother in thir pron cell “They invited to celebrate Ihimender, and tn teachers aeed us Aboard a boston the way ‘Man, here he wast be te vilafvene asked Pipi officer nea “Nrlopave you Tagalog slain retin ke ths? You ae iin our [in Uhaufagot These saterent, which eco Bonacio' lst won waciomer on Mount Duis, ele 3 cera naive in Says op ‘SSeung the dependence sruggle. Perhaps the psf Males them, daring Delo the te kaon that wealthy and poor, dusado [fous proleara, could be tuned and enjoy Kalysan by vitae of SSomnan Hood? inthe vers {itjunccmn of words and meanings that wreaked havoc onthe spit ‘Rrululon Foshim have accepted the noon that the assembly waste [St talayaan, a the Katpunan of Bonifacio had eae cla abute co Gomer’spomer of speech aod persusin, his olay Us ‘he cmotioal and senanentl par fhe Ppa character” Gomer wa (gunesscpce of Tosa poliians, 2 pre demogoye who i 185 ‘Sond gusty by» Man cou of exert and misappropriation othe "hank typ. 5 Abd ie cp Seay ano ee veer emi Seeger The Path to Katayaan 195 te Von Obrero Labor Union and yet continued pose a a mary of (Gepoor cbren Bando deseipuon of im minces no words wei with Donan Gomes the paying with woe or th We Sethnctotemmcarflerhewilpetyou giana smeway ere amincn bel ta heel deseo ye at ‘ieaousuprn fone wee re, tat he ine ol putamen Binh teepeyed iin sn! tka amscupbs, especy F ceeeyts comer wean wc py tke am nour empty” aol his dat he aged Sahay and Co through “our fend Dom Petr Gomer wh seems to have convinced Skay tha the Katpuran's vt alaan was to longer te right one. ina document signed bythe Emipuneror on the night of 17 uly 1906, we nd the folowing statement ea ay aya bursa 2 di pala cla 0 ruinagtan cng piu ang canfang pro gs 3 ‘Eetttimsatapupaenae slang sya agen nah ‘are conlarg pansy macula hndaracaispangtionn™ ‘The unde deve hat he eso hey presen theles b cave tay nee lore bythe efermedaes ne sues ht ie ‘igo nd el wat cian oan boing Om COE, {utr suede old rayne oie fo wonder te Katpuneros repiced upon entering Mani they viewed Temclves no a capiting, bt a helping the county gain kay, ‘Slay Balto quoteds have sn “Tsurendered because ging san otal fe andthe lipinos wl pever succeed gaining independence uathey Cow themsetve wonhy off Thee ashing Be gained By opposing the ‘Nnecann "lve aly seems to aceptthe stra poston iat coopera ‘hom wt not opposontn, America isthe corect patho alyaan. Butte {Simonet ths satement, enething that bangs us ft back o Bios and Cancun ie tha "worthiness the proper Sate of lod, a perequste to falayann. During ther of Sakay and hismen, Defense Gounse Felipe Buencaming delves ong speech tht tered to laminate the Katpneres ‘ions Dueneamion anied io poee Tagalog tat the accused Were “Pon nd ac Myf pies ote Fe in seh” aces lene LE tiene 1 mont escape 7 Candis Pe 10. 1 Pate neat cee, anda apes 1S Pompton 2 ey Papp 90 eg, Stee Sime eens oi196 The Path Kalyan sinply “pods ioe) of alayaan” He drew an analogy with Chest Aree God when be was fgg onthe oss” Sakay and is en ‘eisai gods" because they fonktupon themselesto sk death Torkalnyai's sake, Boencamin'sspeech took a somewhat hypertoi Sihe dese the imessable apes of falas rat ana ng pi i at) i oa anata bang bbyega managing hq aera afay hn aghakaeng nay ox bong Snel, 2 king sees inmangrnpon antag Supra asa aay ea laLaayane loss tng ga gs boon ako 1h Kalas, Kalyan om Den aaa you a Esenone all or Renee atngts ae foryou alle have ded you cn beresrece Fee Tic wedcanacommae elmer Av al the od Menstato youmere cle weaid overt ae works es nd ead “while admiting that Sakay and ht men commited acs of wnkence, “Meo wrndntable thatthe partie and courage of the accused de Ueron and respect Afterall hey land down ther arms with ang ‘ag los and out of concer forthe creation ofthe Philippine Ase ‘Haenecmino also made reerence to the Arian scheme (lite) “cfecing the Katipunan sarender, Colonel Bandhl and Governor Sod tc Iight (down order to conquer cakes, thei weapon was ‘Word (Vey) Plpinas, Doctor Gomes, shat roughthenfvence Tcctather, there would be vans inthe coped minds of he ‘The implication hee tht Gomer used pec the Wom of Haag {edempuion in convineing Slay and company to surrender, Unfotunate (heaccused falta see beneath Gomer sappeaing exterior. ta the aut “Tatyce ithe previous chapter, Aguinaldos depiced as ecunbing searing weds the Spaniards te 1897 pact wih painandie Shiv sueaquen igsoring his Iter acts Sakay’s expenence lends ‘Siree a aml nepectaton. However, is are a, and exe ‘Ssure an unequivocal imerpretation of i ile pater. “Kaley send the sealle o 13 September 197, he pased ete to sy thew paring words Desh snes ae ssn afi eal amity PencaTa at ees ofthe hon fe hat ele ov et ‘Surmr, Ppa Farewell Longve te epuble and may or neyensene fetorm inthe fe Prev Lange Pip The Path wo Kalsyaan 197 Abs tes that Say and De Weg the eo Katipunan Fader mete the deat penal, cep thes ate “ah courage” Says ping words ae SGninscent of the form of fale (arewe sed inthe poetry of the ‘Cotutonto signi te hep ajoumey uta death Bevery man's (ath as ts expected th The ftapostion in Saka st Snisof farewell adhe fue bith findependence exp hssereity Whe safe is death woud take medher Flips a step furer toward buyaan In lib rz, rom 1906 to 1913, hued of prisoners most of whom | nce mene of te Rapunan were executed without pe owed eran iso leader were sware ofthis but did ne ise the vices frotet For the usados, xcept for handful who sympathized with ay, had ten whet they wanted pom Ue capo ofthe kana {Earp On 30 ty 197, month before Say’ erection eetons for {he Phippne Asembly were hel peacefully. The new Nacinalita Paty, ‘hing Ona patfon of ines independence." won fy nne sexs, oF ‘Erem-two pereat ofthe asemblys membership. Asserbjnan Domina {dor Comes war cei Famous Fipinos lke Manuel Quezon and Sergio ‘Oumena mould begin th Tong and pole caees that would ake them ‘hous te complex paths of colonial polics The standard works on [Besiem Pippin story ar filed withthe aspect of what hao fen been {len as the sae for nationhood and independence. Ad yet these Tovnalss ofthe 1907 ashy were chosen by an elewoate compas {ny thee percent of the poplin, the same te percent who, in the ‘Taina aye Spanish rue had comprised the ate ete. A recent std ‘realsthat the sembly defoater were on the whol, young astra {ni welledicated Many had been to Buope Tor schooling Tweens percent had ek fice Under the Spanish goverment whe ney seventy Fre percent had sere unr the Malolos repute W may Be said at the ‘Soe wae rebinh ofthe 1896 Malolos Congres. i of Protest in the"New Baa® espe sheie moderate aspintons, Nacional pry leaders were well var tha the kalayaa eal was very mac alive mong the masses, and ‘er efor mas made to harass tht wi popular spp forthe pty the pny onan apenas pushed in 1906 there is ese tr al 10 oma aan aby een Fein nurs terete inane torent cen (tae ss nr ena esp al asin ‘hr feta, “refi me Fp ine Tie Coa a te se en Comptes cd eam One 98198 The Path Kalayoan ‘materia in Spnsh a plthor of Tpslog ances nd supplements ‘ives reali or the evolutions of 1896 nd 1858 There ae few Bator party leaders were acl le concemed wth the Shor experenee, and were merely dng on the pevaling mood Alpes to eral thew poltial carers, Occasionally, however, one Sight path reveled bythe Kalpuran. A story that spent December 1906 nv of the newspaper ilustatesthis point ™ deals ‘rent that happened Sometime ist afer the revauton, but tems Sato the present asthe Insts Hind laa ag natal Everyone Is Alp) The tl ra quotation fom one of a's wotigy In ple sf the darnight of Spanish ule we Ga metaphor forthe Polis of the preset "The stories woman who, one ng, shes unable to sep, swith etlniess and sadness she dunks aout the artships and ‘Rent of er country adhe loved ones Lying fly awake or he beer {hihi she aly roses her hash an sk hint enter Shih stones of hs pt experiences Her husband is most ling ‘tons her otto repeat hie sory to anyone "My ebliging and Frshand paused for ew seconds -- he hiped the teas hat wee th fom i is eyes ashe remembered something beter nthe pas naga ana nghiwanng aon ass Tabs poo aa Diego ang lang ap naan ng pen pan, ng jg cit pan me Mage {nag ng bung Campana gap snp aah ‘Stgpoalngnatatae prone pcan taunt ‘abana ay ‘ne i. esi. ding he moh May when ain Tyas in i icy cf a Dag, he sy mar rapped ins death sho of des ‘Sis Wax munng in hammony nak he cn orang dogs and the ‘Bean ing of ch blenny, samen ron pager ‘hes pues and eaves who hae Fs 6 “The young man asst ft the ose ofan elder for whom he weeks. A rakes me in pth darkness, the paling advice of his ld aster, who poor and unedicated but nevertheless rejarded a sage, Keeps On| rhs bend i. Tony eontae.he oy etecy fi isthe ep cee tn ange ‘The Path to Kalayaan 19 ‘ula so mn yong ‘ieee pepstyahan he pdalangmgs ewan og ppl puta sin mo mane ae canane puss TOR fo ess an, ‘Gemane ova “tung pang ang sn angaysht cna ang psi ern ang parca, pga an ang iis alow, ot an ashing clo, pat mul rum sae eh ana 5 aan gg gym, cums ancayeay tapas nga, dapat angen) Seg matocny tm tatsnng es pagal Kom yu Dorn th ork of ater aly Nether ite no pase em sou fee op hs ele ou bee apm upn is Wo. Trt god mel pci pmo he Sk te, ng eet rod ceo ginbawa rhe eae ate eating te ‘oat be fee ‘non our inthe rene hd lao the wed cies aha oben ce beens en ea 3 soe ave ta Suddenly the youngnan notices, toward the east 2 "ol igh." mala sau, heading toward hm Aste igh nears, tums outo beam ck man Fest inatered lates, srgaing with a heme oad on hs shoolder, The ‘Sanam aks for help in carying i oad an his equest Ree by the uh who, however nat get over is cis about the contents fhe (efile box ere re we taking thi’ which east are we going se thi?" out, guessing that ts a machine for extracting coconut ue. “ris wont be used anyhere. This contains the des (istraban).° “kn where are we wn 8? Fro the paver ‘The yuh becomes exremel fightened and confused Can his compan loa be sick murderer he iss. Most ely hei poor begga who ‘Sno py fora nea. gain he outhask,"Who ss heavy cfinthat rere caving the grave na une ike i" “The sranger finaly ives in "These are the fle Kings who lead or poets (naghahart arian samp focal and et the county's ness i peason Ais point the yout eles the meanings sage masters ie “The youth andthe ranger together eter the graveyard in ich dares, ihe oniy moumers beng cocketsundemesth the weeds ad ees wea ing shout he ranehes fr dense bee ie. Hig bused the ci, he ‘dam mae ange request Lets transfer that hil overt ae 50 tthe ashes those bud wll never hencefon ix WA the soiwe ead athe200 The Path Kalayaan “The your ughs Please, lets eave tt mater ase How cane ‘of uni that moana” “At yon ing Do you noteeconize me? Tarte county that quity te score a insu eaped upon "Sie that nthe cave, i, Umble mset0 you “Frank you And so kas 1 have alsaye Beloved fervently, tht every seep inthe night of eur ancestors” “A hs pote, cys the nate, bee sands sory 6 ct shor. And Jam that imines the room sodden Tickers and des out " "Thc anonyme aut the La ndpdecaatele vio tocomment upon the events of his me (1900 Butt do so effect ec to wean tc of protest that was meaning © hi T ‘huience. Thu the tarton tes place whe the couple's oom is ‘ied by a fekenne i that des the end wo have emia rear with fesh memories othe revolution, of Jaci’ Manifest of ‘Sc esta famed. But eve without the experience ofthe Tehnd him, the reader would have knows Wat the sory conned Fea tht waa moment of eanag in eo darkness. Tike Jacns Manet, te sujet of the story Youth's passage darkness tot He was longa rad in pc darkness, whieh oradton ef igre and death The "dea shoes sy, theming the mind, backing of doge and ging hutch else al signs of death hme marie lod in darkness He cnt comprehend the teat hisoldimase, be pinesforalovedone whe haseecte in heals of Temely om the oad But os of a heals recopizeand even tye stranger, ho fe np ae gh coming fom thee ‘Theneyload on issues helo rangers moles anata ‘isthe youths wings to share the tanger’ Durden, 2 wii motivate by his va logins, ht es han othe oad to enlighten Mo persistent quetios le he strange to reveal he content othe they bear" ase king who lead ue pojecs and who reat the ou Uipess with poison Ths reveaton enables the youth 10 connect teachings of os por tha) and “unedited” (nd nagar ‘Sin ehe condi of darkness ia which the country seas Bascal ‘Cithingsfrom elon sate a comma ego exe between he [SPr man’s oc and his extemal pearance and acs, The problem wah ‘Nort! that daneions between cestemal” and itera” are ‘Midesprend aking tnecesay to ound the des ofan lod Fong his acts, The sage stremeng, "tt god medial practice pots the shark ack othe paso tmage of hist te Doctor EAC, the prem Ping Hat people often alt recognize the | incemone of doco” ha mee petends at his task The word Feneverbe insiemoiaslongaspeopl ether falto dsingsheteen eran ip tcp ‘he Pah to Kalayaan 201 “The siesta tat pam , uman projects or programs, must he sspecte because they ae the breath of he soul whe sould be fre Trolaya) Conecing the words of age and stranger the yout aie that Ia shou be ented tomar the county’ Kalyan, aly hus wll erties be eure nth respect the courts leaders ve been plying “se ing (naghabare-haran). Hars barian sa popular chiens game Tretring pretenders or pscodo Kings To play aud wh panucl to reat inc ava game, tomers lack off bowen od and appearance, Eine sume ting arcing the county’ nes with oso. Tats why fhe fale Kings a lle doctors shuld be are wo the gave Tc objectsofcsticam werethe coontysesding pian why ithe suthornotatack ther decay why the coffin ral anata haste do {Ep wih oar of epi han wth tut the 1905 events i the content of pols Hes of change. Te arangerin se story i several ngs: Iwanag, Ent and ase ime dna thecounty. Uns hes undergoing {sjon oe laaran which the yout paripatesin, Dering "sn othe “dir on hs shoulder. The box fs ot cin te ere ea we Sa ws cise; dove net siy hopes contents the remains ofthe “se {ings are not to ingle wih the oi ed by man the mutans moved teorie eave ogy ocaon athe botom of hea othe unites {Evhell The boxs contents are dees the arabs ibe aso [kc te bloud and sweat of «penser. We ae reminded ofthe Kayan (Game) that Nother Country. in the awk we amined in the previous {topte cares on her ead she, to, expenenes 3 pasyon. “Te reader ofthe Lat dspndenc tory wold have ound ina way of| facing or enpaniing his perceptions of the polis oF te. Inte 1906, ‘ei sakay arisen safely nai the prsignal was pven forthe ambitious Fp ele to compete forthe gry and spoof igh office Te formala feesucess masse tapthe masse dese forkalaysan, Wriingin October "Bano say thi ofthe Bes” ge ‘ie of tana el there are arly any Fees a thy would pbiy be med out bans i tpn weal une ead of ‘Biting op ino te mediate rete Epa rN pl eer Teas Tefal eum isthe PocrFempo lnpends ‘The Federals had always en pro-American they had been astmetal ‘caning the lipo cle sy from ter upper ofthe wevoluton. Now ‘har pafonn ws ndependence a soon possible” Bandhol concivded [rDecember thatthe ony thing tat ely dstngishesany ofthe panes or "Boupe the name, many Federal re move fda than even he Urge2n2 The Path 1 Kaleynan ‘icasand many ofthe ater are a conservative at any Federal 1 ag nme that exploited the Ialayaan heal or example, according 1a anuht, x General Teodoro Suni became governor of Bulacan the npremson tat he woul do aay enely Wah anes and ie the ‘sono sialic independence. Ofcourse, he asten unable 04 thereat that as ost nit ofthe prestige that Famer had become ofthe things that made mening tal about ae ng cine andthe shedding of erepe” “Tis form of protest woul continue, ofen unnodced, dough the and perhaps beyond. We find the same ideas, for example na Doak ‘Pasion ng Bayan sa Kabaporgay-on Casson ofthe County inthe Pa the Present), published in 1934 the eve ofthe Palippine Common ‘The tutor, jengun Mati, draws conection between the evolton ‘nil poles in payon ems netomat oe an ‘Teflon conn rd esc was Seated he det nd peso cy Ioterestingy enough, Meo extend the neo the revotiono Upto the fir seven eat ofthe Pipe Commision that upto a theend of 1905 when the nd inal “became quiet and peaceful” Bul ‘me another war hat de county hid endure “the unceasing wa realm of elections (Himagsttang walang bumpay sa laragan an Why he gered anther psy x pet ear iene ta ete mee wang smart ndepenence en though the Cony sep fromthe wa che pt secepian ime Sng tinatnt a ‘Standage pak nat ts ST wares veyed Src ane bye ig pete re mete pte apm "The Path 1 Kalayaan 203 redo ay wa mae sng yy blaayor te im ince otra ‘te tee most prominent polcans of the ne, Quezon, Roxas, and ‘nmeaa ate elle "the te false kings ang ato har arian). They fave sodoced the maces wih tak of independence whe actualy cating. the teachings of ia and Borfacio, ening their perowal coer 3nd bang te wip una with wach To San sashes the back the bound ed Heplsscouny™ But why fave they been n power fo sofa? One te ceasons sts Maio, s Bese the maces elves that hey ok teed the couniy to alayaar How can we ea ge Chefond hey alerts Sioong mays emaing pose a Nusa ates, efecto i ng ‘once gn we find the ful heme of feeding poison intend of mes "Te crosthatthe countryhastobearis tony that of rftand compton, tsk Burdeneme ten pf! wage 2d Us general endavement of he People But wor ofa the eras deceptive posture conceming kala is dsged eto Seco rine ten ‘ere tere toro a hese bea skin a ones Matto’ Paso s replete wth condemnation of oh the pois and rtigious leaders of his time. Frely appropriating the frm and lnguage "he popular Pay Pap Mato smessge simpy hat hepsi tong halakayeng st nunang hpn8 (Gem papain fname2a The Pa Kaleynan dependence” engages in by the Marados all deceptive hte. The lisinofflayan had shone in the pst rough thesis dedkton trac sms ofthe cust. and only those wh comin te srg futios wl st bende Cheon the Day of Judgment. El fears ‘rerers, dest eaers, cue solders, andl ther peers Sehenven. Puthemore, Diy wang Paonia fa genes bo a narpapiet ne oo cence tone Thlored the beheading GraupumySupeme Gone Boni Seay Cong abasin nce King of Sitonoieytinlann anit one te Sei anes Raa! Det Phe Aes Boao Ri Sra toto nds who rested Iiesmpang saya. the ouysten commanders Diy anames quia There the een remadleng ayonagpsing eth herc pans all Sayan mes Ste ‘teeth serpin Sete upg ers ‘ete angle rete poor dere ‘there ins moka sedan, hp = So, rp, len Gist aya poeiigs* Beate ove force ttmight be argued by some that the Pasion above eles the pe an inagination of ony one man—faquin Nani. But he stor hel Ss thai the “ll and leafy te of ants hat protec (umataitng) the noble aspntion for independence of this county Ippincs"_ While a ov of Fipmos play the game of colonial polis, the ‘Manse preserve the sacred lel ofthe Katipunan i prcties and ons {Ganlysssocited th folk elgion, Mafia simpy brings the ok ewe ‘omof colonial pois upto date, or ther ognize such perceptions ‘Tamir pasjon framework. Heal presen the-way"tbetaker the people have dary forte sffering coy, they ante kalayan hey Phat hep aan te ems and oin Resnes movement. Rare, the ol [enenl ofthe revolution ho eset take the oth Faience the Unted Sates continued, up tothe 1980s, once the people tose pin Sins! he Cine Stes 1935, sony ater Ma's Pasion was pb Saag Puneng mati ‘ops gang Diyy anaes Agen ‘ngs dokharg aa paws Gos Mondoy me {he Path Kalayaan 205 {ube Rare nse pean rebellion calle Saka” swept cena and them zon, Hs taping hat one pia Saka Jocie had ‘pen appeal to the masse” and "Youn 3 very fered in he bao "Fn" The Stine, a5 qusted rom he organ Saal wa the frown ‘helene of est ou sol be the et ing tsi and Jeri pangs of harp e bert as ever eb ply rosa ‘Stree sid touphenteing one nb) eer id meu [ingen Gag sndbng ai te cos cay. The ender who Shams wen sale abst Sms forbes Sse “Te Sal uprising of 1955 was rected as much gust the lipo cite sitwasante-Amencan, Buteven nein decade of hs centr there were Seay rumblings apse ee appropton of the trol or depend {ce, Lior lenders for one thing. knew what language owe ia snsping oF “tuipuling the workers, using the May Dsy creation a 199, Decor (Labor Eres de Rosas shlflly dechimed that when be edempion ‘de working man sas accomplished the noble knights of bor woul have {tether calvary eo tcend the Catvary of more noble, more pons and toe bly redemption, the redempsson af ou belored Philippines" But find ads aneher insight te sigicance ofthe same event. Tae fe says, dus demagogues “spite some onary tas to emulate the eric of Boniface, skay & Co. but they themselves eemain alo {Shores are longing fo have another Donaco, but most of te present day pot ae mene buy engaged seeking poverament fobs ta they are Erecutioners bullets Ks oniyamater tue before the workers found rmsne leaders in her ascent of Calvary. Tie ral aress, various atponanscoatawedto fer an akemativeote Sistada ayo ayaan In 1905 Sameon Bas, a rafsman who had come tae the nflence of Rare, aemped to organize 2 atpunan in Za fen” tnthe same ear Aloo Tolemtno, a cookina Mana boarding ose, ‘ied short tved army of tndopendence”in Tate ta 107, was ‘pred that the ktpunans of locos province were expecting df the Janse in the esablshce of independence, er Japats defeat of Rss. fi iggered hopes of Japanese anmada coming to the ald of Fp 11s Te ht Pun 2M 3p ASE. A Ui ia ee)206 The Path Katey rebel"? Inthe sie yer, tere was real of pt of Rss poup, ‘Atimonan, Tayabas, Jed by "Vice Ring” Marcela Pang snd hey chan Deseo both veterancf the revlon, Cape dacurens that this movemere had ha + “deslory exsence” In the Blo “ayahas sinc the destruction of Ree’ group In 908, The 1907 eke {he form ofan organization called “ecto beac Nac Lbertton Amy). the indidal es were miiny According Americar eps, “the organization was eligi, but withthe ated ‘ionof rising fer independence when Japan shuld landarmsonthebect ‘imonars* This lbeeation my wae damaned thug te rer vergtic® efforts of Nacionalata Gaverner Manuel Queten, wished fuse elected majorsy or leer the Pipe Asccrly ‘The Colorum Society wasalso epee em the Upurge nF, Ath ls main concer was supposed to be rein the conta Found possesion documents addressed to Hatha (Dea) in whit Clerm beets er pled to expel all supers fom the Fpino so coding {ategory both Americans and Spann eapecily friar se Wey Govemor-General Wood reponed an exnse Teva of Lapusarg Laguna province ™ The "napil centr of the lagna Kate oa ‘Mount Making an extinct volcan inthe viciy of Caan Heats hone town, Mount Malling ike Mount Banat cu, Reonsderer, nce ther ate ashen bythe esa woodns andthe sim “ave andstrtne rare any Roa ek tem sume Bing them dough a olga aden tty entered sumer a {emt a descent alway we was gh as cylin eae a ble Grdiys garden of fom sae es lsc es ee here er sent rancho eens “That wt Mout Maing so berahlomt cosa cca Mente Ril ld hem andthe teed. "Anhng ta ely beak a he ine shoul be Dea ote oe so Ne apne cee pu 1 Gl con Saeemmersiceme cm een a gem own rt a = i BEM neste oman tcanan pe aes Nomen ee The Pah Kalayaan 207 ‘he las sentence ofthis stor tetera theme that samira by now tne beauty is reflection of beauty inthe “inser lots. What Re els the thee pestns that paras 10 sone ete in everyman whens hen ‘spre, Butte atainment of parade spose only When one as tee ‘he pathtciveredby Rial. Theaters owes, hismastery overs and hich ‘rit as daylight but no lamps were vie” Concomitant te ie {tuinment of pure lvanag by dying 2 marys death evan of Dcdie’sbeaty to the peasns i exctaly what done by pense ‘whom Ras "personaly incarnated Asinspied protien, they ove ag ie of certain posablsies of exstence which can oly be stanly aking aals patho dingo one's previous sate, I 3909 Arsenio de Guzman, x new Rizal, appeared in Senta Rosa cing that he had the powerto lead the pens tothe nl of promise, Hecke,

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