TCVN TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN xxxx:2016
Xut bn ln 1

GIAO THC INTERNET PHIN BN 6 (IPV6) - GIAO THC

PHT HIN I TNG NGHE MULTICAST
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) - Multicast Listener Discovery

H NI 2016
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Mc lc

1 Phm vi p dng ............................................................................................................................... 7

2 Ti liu vin dn ................................................................................................................................ 7

3 Thut ng v nh ngha .................................................................................................................. 7

4 Ch vit tt ........................................................................................................................................ 8

5 Tng quan giao thc ........................................................................................................................ 9

5.1 Thit lp trng thi nghe multicast trn cc i tng nghe a ch multicast ................................. 10

5.2 Trao i cc bn tin gia Querier v cc nt nghe ......................................................................... 11

5.3 Thit lp trng thi i tng nghe a ch multicast trn router multicast ...................................... 13

6 Giao din dch v cho vic yu cu nhn IP Multicast ................................................................. 15

7 Trng thi nghe multicast c duy tr bi cc nt ..................................................................... 16

7.1 Trng thi tng socket ................................................................................................................... 16

7.2 Trng thi tng giao din ............................................................................................................... 16

8 Cc nh dng bn tin..................................................................................................................... 18

8.1 Bn tin Multicast Listener Query .................................................................................................... 19

8.2 Bn tin Multicast Listener Report.................................................................................................... 23

9 M t giao thc i vi cc i tng nghe a ch multicast .................................................... 30

9.1 X l theo s thay i ca trng thi tng giao din ...................................................................... 31

9.2 X l khi nhn bn tin Query .......................................................................................................... 33

9.3 X l khi b m thi gian kt thc ................................................................................................ 35

10 M t ca giao thc cho router multicast ................................................................................... 36

10.1 Cc iu kin cho nhng bn tin Query MLD ............................................................................... 37

10.2 Trng thi MLD c duy tr bi cc router multicast .................................................................. 38

10.3 Cc quy tc chuyn tip ngun MLDv2 c th ............................................................................. 42

10.4 X l khi nhn bn tin Report ....................................................................................................... 43

10.5 Chuyn i cc ch lc ca router .......................................................................................... 46

10.6 Cc x l khi nhn bn tin Query ................................................................................................. 46

11 Tnh tng thch vi MLDv1 ........................................................................................................ 48

11.1 S khc bit v phin bn ca bn tin Query ............................................................................... 48

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11.2 Cch x l ca i tng nghe a ch multicast .......................................................................... 48

11.3 Cch x l ca router multicast .................................................................................................... 49

12 Danh sch cc b m thi gian, b m v gi tr mc nh ca chng ................................ 50

12.1 Bin Robustness .......................................................................................................................... 50

12.2 Khong thi gian truy vn ............................................................................................................ 50

12.3 Khong thi gian phn hi truy vn .............................................................................................. 51

12.4 Khong thi gian lng nghe a ch multicast ............................................................................... 51

12.5 Khong thi gian hin din Querier khc...................................................................................... 51

12.6 Khong thi gian truy vn khi khi ng ...................................................................................... 51

12.7 S lng truy vn khi khi ng .................................................................................................. 51

12.8 Khong thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng ................................................................... 51

12.9 S lng truy vn i tng nghe cui cng ............................................................................... 52

12.10 Thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng ............................................................................. 52

12.11 Khong thi gian bo co khng theo thm d .......................................................................... 52

12.12 Thi gian ch cho Querier phin bn c hn ............................................................................. 52

12.13 Khong thi gian ch cho host phin bn c hn ...................................................................... 53

12.14 Cu hnh cc b m thi gian ................................................................................................... 53

13 Cc vn an ton bo mt ......................................................................................................... 54

13.1 Bn tin Query ............................................................................................................................... 54

13.2 Cc bn tin Current State Report ................................................................................................. 55

13.3 Bn tin State Change Report ........................................................................................................ 55

Ph lc A (quy nh) L do thit k cn bn .................................................................................... 56

Ph lc B (tham kho) Bng i chiu ni dung tng ng ca TCVN v ti liu RFC 3810.. 58

Th mc ti liu tham kho ............................................................................................................... 61

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Li ni u

TCVN xxxx:2016 c xy dng trn c s RFC 3810 (2004)

Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6 ca
Nhm c trch v k thut Internet (IETF).

TCVN xxxx:2016 do Vin Khoa hc K thut Bu in, Hc vin

Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng bin son, B Thng tin v
Truyn thng ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht
lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

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T I U C H U N Q U C G I A TCVN xxxx:2016

Giao thc Internet phin bn 6 (IPv6) Giao thc pht hin i

tng nghe multicast
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) - Multicast Listener Discovery

1 Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng c t k thut ca Giao thc pht hin i tng nghe Multicast cho
IPv6.

Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc thit b nt IPv6 (gi tt l nt hoc nt IPv6) yu cu h tr multicast
theo chnh sch lc ngun, tc l cc nt c nhu cu nghe cc gi tin theo mt a ch multicast ch t
nhng a ch ngun c th hay t tt c cc ngun khc tr nhng a ch ngun c th.

2 Ti liu vin dn

Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p
dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i (nu c).

TCVN 9802-1:2013, Giao thc Internet phin bn 6 (IPv6) Phn 1: Quy nh k thut.

RFC 4443, "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
Specification, March 2006 (Giao thc bn tin iu khin Internet cho IPv6)

RFC 4291, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", February 2006 (Kin trc a ch IPv6)

RFC 2711, "IPv6 Router Alert Option", October 1999 (Ty chn cnh bo Router IPv6)

RFC 2461, "Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", December 1998 (Khm ph nt mng ln cn
cho IPv6)

RFC 2462, "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", December 1998 (T ng cu hnh a ch IPv6
khng gi trng thi)

RFC 2464, "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks", December 1998 (Truyn cc gi
tin IPv6 qua mng Ethernet)

3 Thut ng v nh ngha

Tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng sau:

3.1 Nt (node)

Thit b thc thi IPv6.

3.2 Router

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Nt c kh nng chuyn tip cc gi tin IPv6 khng c nh a ch trc tip cho nt mng .

3.3 Host

Bt k nt no m khng phi l router.

3.4 Tng trn (Upper layer)

Tng giao thc ngay pha trn IPv6. V d, cc giao thc truyn ti nh TCP v UDP, giao thc iu
khin nh ICMP, giao thc nh tuyn nh OSPF v cc giao thc internet hoc giao thc tng thp
hn thc thi kt ni kiu ng hm thng qua IPv6 nh IPX, AppleTalk, hoc chnh IPv6.

3.5 Lin kt (Link)

Mt phng tin hoc mi trng kt ni m qua cc nt mng c th kt ni vi nhau ti tng lin

kt, ngha l tng ngay bn di IPv6 nh Ethernet; cc lin kt PPP; X.25, Frame Relay hoc cc
mng ATM; v tng Internet (hoc tng cao hn) thc thi kt ni ng hm nh cc ng hm
qua IPv4 hoc IPv6.

3.6 Giao din (Interface)

Mt giao tip ca nt gn vo lin kt.

3.7 a ch (Address)

Mt nh danh tng IPv6 cho mt giao din hoc mt nhm giao din.

3.8 Gi tin (Packet)

Phn mo u IPv6 cng vi phn d liu ca gi tin.

3.9 Querier (Thit b truy vn)

Cc router c th gi i cc bn tin Query.

3.10 Non-Querier (Thit b khng phi Querier)

Router khng c chc nng gi i cc bn tin Query.

3.11 Socket

Tham s c th c s dng phn bit gia cc thc th gi cu IP multicast khc nhau (v d,

cc chng trnh, cc ng dng) trong cc nt.

4 Ch vit tt

Ch vit tt Gii ngha Thut ng ting anh

DAD Pht hin a ch trng lp Duplicate Address Detection

ICMPv6 Giao thc bn tin iu khin cho IPv6 Internet Control Message Protocol

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version 6

IPv6 Giao thc Internet phin bn 6 Internet Protocol version 6

IPX Tng i gi tin lin mng Internetwork Packet Exchange

LLQC S lng truy vn i tng nghe cui Last Listener Query Count
cng

LLQI Khong thi gian truy vn i tng nghe Last Listener Query Interval
cui cng

LLQT Thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui Last Listener Query Time
cng

MLD Pht hin i tng nghe multicast Multicast Listener Discovery

MLDv1 Pht hin i tng nghe multicast phin Multicast Listener Discovery
bn 1 version 1

MLDv2 Pht hin i tng nghe multicast phin Multicast Listener Discovery
bn 2 version 2

MALI Khong thi gian nghe a ch multicast Multicast Address Listening

Interval

QQI Khong thi gian truy vn ca Querier Querier Query Interval

QQIC M khong thi gian truy vn ca Querier Querier Query Interval Code

OSPF Giao thc nh tuyn tm ng ngn Open Shortest Path First

nht

TCP Giao thc iu khin truyn dn Transmission Control Protocol

UDP Giao thc d liu ngi dng User Datagram Protocol

5 Tng quan giao thc

Giao thc MLD ni chung (bao gm c MLDv1 v MLDv2) l giao thc bt i xng, v giao thc ny
quy nh cch x l ring bit cho cc i tng nghe a ch multicast (tc l cc host v router nghe
cc gi tin multicast) v cc router multicast. Mc ch ca MLD l cho php router multicast xc nh
nhng a ch multicast v nhng ngun c i tng nghe quan tm n cc a ch v ngun ny
trn mi lin kt trc tip ca router. Thng tin thu thp bi MLD c cung cp cho giao thc nh

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tuyn multicast ca router, m bo rng cc gi tin multicast c phn phi n tt c cc lin kt
c i tng nghe quan tm n nhng gi tin ny.

Cc router multicast ch cn bit t nht mt nt trn lin kt kt ni vo n ang nghe cc gi tin theo
mt a ch multicast c th, t mt ngun c th; mt router multicast khng yu cu phi theo di cc
yu cu ca tng nt ln cn.

Vi giao thc MLDv2, router multicast thc hin vai tr router trn mi lin kt trc tip. Nu mt router
multicast c nhiu giao din c kt ni vo cng mt lin kt, router ch cn thc hin giao thc
MLDv2 trn mt trong cc giao din . Cch x l ca router ph thuc vo vic c hay khng nhng
router multicast khc trn cng mng con. Nu c nhiu router multicast trn mng con th s dng c
ch bu chn Querier la chn mt router multicast duy nht ng vai tr l Querier. Tt c cc
router multicast trong mng con lng nghe cc bn tin c gi t i tng nghe a ch multicast v
duy tr cng trng thi v thng tin nghe multicast. iu ny cc router ny c th m nhim vai tr
Querier trong trng hp Querier hin ti xy ra li. Tuy nhin, ch duy nht mt Querier gi nh k
hoc kch hot cc bn tin Query trong mng con, nh c m t trong phn 10.1

Mt i tng nghe a ch multicast thc hin vai tr i tng nghe trong giao thc MLDv2 trn tt
c cc giao din h tr multicast, ngay c khi c nhiu hn 1 giao din trong s cc giao din ny
c kt ni vo cng mt lin kt.

5.1 Thit lp trng thi nghe multicast trn cc i tng nghe a ch multicast

Cc giao thc tng trn v cc ng dng chy trn nt nghe a ch multicast s dng cc li gi giao
din dch v xc nh yu cu tng IP cho php hoc v hiu ha chc nng tip nhn cc gi tin
c gi n cc a ch multicast c th. Nt gi trng thi nghe a ch multicast cho tng socket m
ti c cc li gi giao din dch v. Ngoi trng thi nghe multicast theo tng socket ny, mt nt
cng phi duy tr v tnh ton trng thi nghe multicast cho tng giao din ca n. Trng thi ny bao
gm tp hp cc bn ghi, vi mi bn ghi cha mt a ch multicast IPv6, mt ch lc v mt danh
sch ngun. Ch lc c th l INCLUDE hoc EXCLUDE. Trong ch INCLUDE, th ch cho php
nhn cc gi tin c a ch ngun nm trong danh sch ngun gi ti mt a ch multicast c th.
Trong ch EXCLUDE, th ch cho php nhn cc gi tin c a ch ngun nm ngoi danh sch
ngun gi ti a ch multicast c th.

i vi mt giao din cho trc, tn ti nhiu nht mt bn ghi cho mi a ch multicast. Trng thi
tng giao din ny nhn c t trng thi tng socket, nhng c th khc vi trng thi tng socket
v cc socket khc nhau c s khc bit v cc ch lc v/hoc cc danh sch ngun cho cng a
ch multicast v giao din. Sau khi gi tin multicast c chp nhn, vic phn phi gi tin ny ti ng
dng ph thuc vo trng thi nghe multicast ca socket m ng dng kt ni (v c th cng
ph thuc vo cc iu kin khc nh cng no ca tng truyn ti m socket s dng). Ch rng
cc bn tin MLDv2 khng ph thuc vo vic lc ngun v phi lun c x l bi cc host v router.

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5.2 Trao i cc bn tin gia Querier v cc nt nghe

C ba loi bn tin Query MLDv2: bn tin General Query (truy vn thng thng), bn tin Multicast
Address Specific Query (truy vn a ch multicast c th) v bn tin Multicast Address and Source
Specific Query (truy vn a ch multicast v ngun c th). Cc Querier nh k gi i cc bn tin
General Query nm bt cc thng tin v i tng nghe a ch multicast t mt lin kt c kt
ni. Cc bn tin General Query ny c s dng xy dng v lm mi trng thi ca i tng
nghe a ch multicast bn trong tt c cc router multicast trn lin kt.

Cc nt phn hi cc bn tin General Query ny bng cch bo co li trng thi nghe a ch multicast
tng giao din ca chng, thng qua cc bn tin Current State Report (bo co trng thi hin ti)
c gi n mt a ch multicast c th m tt c cc router trn lin kt u lng nghe. Mt khc,
nu trng thi nghe ca mt nt thay i, nt ny ngay lp tc thng bo nhng thay i ny thng qua
mt bn tin State Change Report (bo co thay i trng thi). Bn tin State Change Report cha cc
Filter Mode Change Record (bn ghi thay i ch lc) hoc cc Source List Change Record (bn ghi
thay i danh sch ngun) hay cc bn ghi ca c loi loi trn. M t chi tit ca cc bn tin Report
c trnh by mc 8.2.12.

Nhng thay i trng thi ca c router v i tng nghe u c thit lp khi mt b m thi gian
c th kt thc, hoc khi nhn c mt bn tin MLD (s thay i trng thi i tng nghe c th
c kch hot bng vic yu cu mt li gi giao din dch v). Do , nng cao tnh n nh ca
giao thc, trnh s khng ng tin cy c th c ca vic trao i gi tin, cc bn tin s c truyn
li nhiu ln, Hn na, cc b m thi gian c thit lp kim tra vic mt mt bn tin c th c,
v i vic truyn li.

trnh qu ti lin kt, cc bn tin General Query v Current State Report theo nh k khng p
dng quy tc ny, gi nh rng thng thng cc bn tin ny khng to ra s thay i trng thi v
mc ch chnh ca chng l lm mi trng thi ang tn ti. Do , ngay c khi mt bn tin nh vy b
mt, trng thi tng ng s c lm mi trong chu trnh bo co tip theo.

Tri vi cc bn tin Current State Report, cc bn tin State Change Report c truyn li vi ln,
trnh chng b mt ti mt hoc nhiu router multicast. S lng ca bn tin truyn li ph thuc vo
bin Robustness. Bin ny cho php iu chnh giao thc theo s mt mt gi tin d kin trn mt lin
kt. Nu mt lin kt c d kin l mt gi (v d nh kt ni khng dy), gi tr ca bin
Robustness s c tng ln. MLD l n nh vi [bin Robustness] -1 gi tin b mt. Tiu chun ny
khuyn ngh gi tr mc nh ca bin Robustness l 2.

CH THCH: Tn cc b m/bin nm trong du ngoc vung th hin gi tr ca cc b m/bin ny.

Nu xy ra nhiu s thay i ti cng mt bn lu tr trng thi tng giao din trc khi hon thnh
vic truyn li tt c cc bn tin State Change Report cho thay i u tin, th mi s thay i b sung
s kch hot vic truyn li mt bn tin State Change Report mi ngay lp tc. Phn 9.1 trnh by
phng php tnh ton ni dung ca bn tin mi ny. Nhng bn tin State Change Report truyn li

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mi s c lp lch, m bo rng mi mt s thay i trng thi s c truyn trong t nht gi
tr [bin Robustness] ln.

Nu qua bn tin State Change Report, mt nt trn mt lin kt th hin vic khng cn mun lng
nghe mt a ch multicast (hoc mt ngun) c th na, Querier phi truy vn cc i tng nghe
khc ca a ch multicast (hoc ngun) ny trc khi xa a ch multicast (hoc ngun) ra khi mc
lu tr trng thi i tng nghe a ch multicast v dng truyn lu lng mt cch ph hp. Nh
vy, Querier gi mt bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query xc minh rng cc nt vn ang lng
nghe a ch multicast c th ny hay khng. Tng t, Querier gi mt bn tin Multicast Address and
Source Specific Query xc minh rng, vi mt a ch multicast c th, c nt no vn ang nghe
theo mt b cc ngun c th hay khng. Mc 8.1.13 m t chi tit tng loi bn tin Query ny.

C hai bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query v Multicast Address and Source Specific Query ch
c gi p li cc bn tin State Change Report m khng p li cc bn tin Current State
Report. S khc bit gia hai loi bn tin Report ny nhm trnh cho router i x vi tt c cc bn
tin Multicast Listener Report nh nhng thay i trng thi c kh nng xy ra. Bng cch ny, c ch
ri i nhanh ca MLDv2 c th khng hiu qu nu bn tin State Change Report b mt, v router ch
nhn c bn tin Current State Report. Tuy nhin, n trnh c vic x l gia tng router v gim
lu lng MLD trn lin kt.

Cc nt p li cc bn tin Query trn qua bn tin Current State Report, cha trng thi nghe a ch
multicast cho tng giao din ca chng ch vi cc a ch multicast (hoc ngun) c truy vn.

m bo tnh n nh ca giao thc, tt c cc bn tin Query ngoi tr cc bn tin General Query

theo nh k, u c gi li vi ln trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. S lng bn tin truyn li
ph thuc vo bin Robustness. Nu trong khi lp lch cho bn tin Query mi, tn ti cc bn tin Query
ang trng thi ch c truyn li cho cng a ch multicast, th cc bn tin Query mi v cc bn
tin Query ang trng thi ch phi c sp nhp. Ngoi ra, cc bn tin Report v host nhn c
i vi mt a ch multicast c cc bn tin Query ang trng thi ch c th nh hng ti ni dung
ca cc bn tin Query .

Tnh n nh ca giao thc cng c nng cao bng vic s dng c S (Ngn chn x l pha
router). Nh m t trn, khi Querier gi i mt bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query hoc bn
tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query, s c nhng bn tin Query c lp lch truyn li.
Trong bn tin Query u tin, c S c xa. Khi Querier gi bn tin Query ny, n lm gim b m
thi gian cho a ch multicast (hoc ngun) c lin quan thnh mt gi tr cho trc; tng t, bt k
router multicast non-querier no nhn c truy vn cng t h thp b m thi gian ca mnh thnh
gi tr trn. Tuy nhin, trong khi i cc bn tin Query c lp lch tip theo c gi, router c th
nhn c mt bn tin Report cp nht b m thi gian. Cc bn tin Query c lp lch vn phi
c gi m bo rng router non-querier vn gi trng thi ca n ng b vi Querier hin ti
(do router non-querier c th khng nhn c truy vn u tin). Tuy nhin, b m thi gian khng
nn c h thp ln na. Do , Querier thit lp gi tr c S trong cc bn tin Query tip theo.
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5.3 Thit lp trng thi i tng nghe a ch multicast trn router multicast

Cc router multicast thc thi MLDv2 (c th l Querier hoc khng) gi trng thi i tng nghe cho
tng a ch multicast i vi mi lin kt. Trng thi i tng nghe a ch multicast ny bao gm mt
ch lc, mt b m thi gian cho ch lc, v mt danh sch ngun, vi b m thi gian cho
tng ngun trong danh sch. Ch lc c s dng thu gn trng thi lng nghe ton din cho
mt a multicast thnh mt tp b nht, tt c cc nt ang trng thi lng nghe u c ch .
Ch lc c th thay i ph hp vi vic nhn tng loi bn tin Report c th, hoc khi iu kin
b m thi gian no xut hin.

Mt router c ch lc l INCLUDE (ch bao gm) i vi mt a ch multicast c th trn mt

giao din nht nh nu tt c cc i tng nghe trn lin kt ang theo di a ch trong ch
INCLUDE. Trng thi router c th hin bng INCLUDE (A), trong A l danh sch cc ngun,
c gi l Danh sch INCLUDE (danh sch bao gm). Danh sch INCLUDE l mt tp hp cc
ngun m mt hay nhiu i tng nghe trn lin kt c yu cu nhn. Tt c cc ngun t danh sch
INCLUDE s c router chuyn tip. Bt k ngun no khc khng nm trong danh sch INCLUDE
s b router chn li.

Mt ngun c th c thm vo danh sch INCLUDE hin ti nu mt i tng nghe c ch

INCLUDE gi mt bn tin Current State Report hoc bn tin State Change Report cha ngun . Mi
ngun trong danh sch INCLUDE c lin kt vi mt b m thi gian cho ngun, b m ny c
cp nht bt c khi no mt i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE gi i bn tin Report xc nhn i
tng nghe ny vn ang quan tm n ngun c th . Nu b m thi gian cho mt ngun trong
danh sch INCLUDE kt thc, ngun ny s b xa khi danh sch INCLUDE.

Bn cnh c ch ri nhm mm trn, cng cn mt c ch ri nhm nhanh trong MLDv2; c ch

ny cng da trn vic s dng cc b m thi gian cho ngun. Khi mt nt trong ch INCLUDE
khng cn nhu cu theo di mt ngun c th, cc router multicast trn lin kt h thp b m thi
gian ca chng cho ngun xung mt gi tr nht nh. Querier sau gi mt bn tin Multicast
Address and Source Specific Query, xc minh rng c i tng nghe no khc ang theo di
ngun hay khng. Nu nhn c mt bn tin Report cho ngun ny trc khi b m thi gian kt
thc, th tt c cc router trn lin kt s cp nht b m thi gian cho ngun. Nu khng, ngun s b
xa khi danh sch INCLUDE. Vic x l danh sch INCLUDE theo cc bn tin Report nhn c,
c chi tit trong phn 7.4.1 v 7.4.2.

Mt router s c ch EXCLUDE (ch ngoi tr) i vi mt a ch multicast c th trn mt giao

din nht nh nu c t nht mt i tng nghe trong ch EXCLUDE cho a ch trn lin kt.
Khi nhn c bn tin Report u tin t i tng nghe ny, router s thit lp b m thi gian cho
ch lc tng ng vi a ch . B m thi gian ny c thit lp li mi khi i tng nghe
trong ch EXCLUDE xc nhn trng thi nghe ca n qua bn tin Current State Report. B m thi
gian ny cng c cp nht khi mt i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE, thng bo thay i ch
lc ca n qua bn tin State Change Report. B m thi gian cho ch lc kt thc ng ngha

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vi vic khng cn i tng nghe no na trong ch EXCLUDE trn lin kt. Trong trng hp
ny, router chuyn v ch INCLUDE cho a ch multicast trn.

Khi router trong ch EXCLUDE, trng thi ca router c th hin bng EXCLUDE (X,Y), trong
X c gi l Danh sch c yu cu v Y c gi l Danh sch EXCLUDE(danh sch ngoi
tr). Tt c cc gi tin t cc ngun nm ngoi danh sch EXCLUDE, s c chuyn tip bi router.
Danh sch c yu cu khng gy nh hng g n vic chuyn tip. Tuy nhin, router phi duy tr
danh sch c yu cu v hai l do sau y:

theo di cc ngun m i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE ang lng nghe. iu ny

nhm m bo mt s chuyn i lin mch ca router sang ch INCLUDE, khi khng cn
i tng nghe no trong ch EXCLUDE na. S chuyn i ny s khng lm ngt qung
lu lng ti cc i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE cho a ch multicast . Do , thi
im chuyn i, danh sch c yu cu nn cha tp hp cc ngun m cc nt trong ch
INCLUDE yu cu r rng.

Khi router chuyn sang ch INCLUDE, cc ngun trong danh sch c yu cu s chuyn
sang danh sch INCLUDE, v danh sch EXCLUDE c xa b. Trc khi thc hin vic
chuyn tip ny, danh sch c yu cu c th cha mt d on khng chnh xc v nhng
ngun m cc i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE ang lng nghe c th qu ln hoc
qu nh. S khng chnh xc ny l do danh sch c yu cu c th c s dng cho mc
ch kha nhanh s c m t di y. Nu chc nng kha nhanh c thc hin, vi
ngun c th b xa khi danh sch c yu cu gim trng thi router. Tuy nhin, trong
trng hp b m thi gian cho ch lc cng c cp nht. Do , trc khi thc hin
chuyn i, cc i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE s c thi gian xc nhn li s
quan tm ca chng vi ngun b loi b, v xy dng li danh sch c yu cu cho ph
hp. Giao thc m bo rng khi xy ra chuyn i sang ch INCLUDE th danh sch c
yu cu l chnh xc. Chi tit v vic chuyn i ca router sang ch INCLUDE c m t
trong Ph lc A3.

cho php ch kha nhanh cc ngun khng c kha trc y. Nu router nhn c
bn tin Report cha mt yu cu nh vy, cc ngun c lin quan s c thm vo danh sch
c yu cu. B m thi gian ca chng s c thit lp v mt gi tr nh nht nh, v
mt bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query c gi bi Querier kim tra c
nt no trn lin kt vn cn quan tm n nhng ngun na khng. Nu khng nt no
thng bo mi quan tm ca chng n nhng ngun c th , b m thi gian ca nhng
ngun ny s kt thc. Sau , cc ngun ny c chuyn t danh sch c yu cu sang
danh sch EXCLUDE. T thi im ny, cc ngun trn s b router chn li.

Vic x l trng thi router trong ch EXCLUDE theo cc bn tin Report nhn c, c chi tit
trong bng 10.4.1 v 10.4.2.

14
 TCVN xxxx:2016
Cc x l ca c router v i tng nghe MLDv2 c m t trong tiu chun ny u m bo tnh
tng thch ngc vi cc host v router MLDv1. Tnh tng thch ny c chi tit trong phn 11.

6 Giao din dch v cho vic yu cu nhn IP Multicast

Trong h thng IP, mt giao din dch v c s dng bi cc giao thc tng trn hoc cc chng
trnh ng dng yu cu tng IP cho php hoc v hiu ha kh nng tip nhn cc gi tin c gi
ti nhng a ch IP multicast c th. tn dng y nhng tnh nng ca MLDv2, giao din dch
v IP ca nt phi h tr hot ng sau y:

IPv6MulticastListen (socket, giao din, a ch multicast IPv6, ch lc, danh sch ngun)
Trong :
socket l mt tham s c th c s dng phn bit gia cc thc th gi yu cu khc
nhau (v d, cc chng trnh, cc quy trnh) trong cc nt; tham s socket ca cc cuc gi h
thng Unix BSD l mt v d c th.

Giao din l mt b nh danh cc b ca giao din mng trn vic nhn a ch multicast
c th c cho php hoc v hiu ha. Cc giao din c th l vt l (v d giao din Ethernet)
hoc o (v d im kt thc ca chuyn mch knh o Frame Relay hoc mt ng hm IP-
trong-IP). Vic trin khai c th cho php thng qua mt tham s giao din khng r rng c
bit, trong trng hp , yu cu s c p dng trn giao din chnh hoc giao din mc
nh ca nt (c th c xc nh bi cu hnh h thng). Nu thc hin vic tip nhn cng
mt a ch multicast trn nhiu hn mt giao din, IPv6MulticastListen s c yu cu mt
cch ring bit cho tng giao din mong mun.

a ch multicast IPv6 l mt a ch multicast gn vi cc yu cu. Nu c yu cu tip nhn

nhiu hn mt a ch multicast trn mt giao din c th, th IPv6MulticastLinten s c thc
hin mt cch ring bit cho tng a ch mong mun.

Ch lc c th l INCLUDE hoc EXCLUDE. Trong ch INCLUDE, ch cc gi tin c a

ch ngun c lit k trong danh sch a ch ngun mi c th gi n mt a ch multicast
c th. Trong ch EXCLUDE, ch cc gi tin c a ch ngun nm ngoi danh sch a ch
ngun mi c th gi n mt a ch multicast c th.

Danh sch ngun l mt danh sch khng theo th t (danh sch ny c th khng cha
ngun no) cha nhng a ch m t vic tip nhn multicast c yu cu hoc t chi,
ph thuc vo ch lc. Vic thc thi C TH gp phi mt s hn ch v kch thc ca
danh sch ngun. Khi gii hn danh sch ngun b vt qu, giao din dch v c th gp li.

Vi mt tp hp socket, giao din, v a ch multicast IPv6 nht nh, ch duy nht mt ch lc v

danh sch ngun c th c hiu lc ti mt thi im. Tuy nhin, hoc ch lc hoc danh sch
ngun hoc c hai c th c thay i bi cc yu cu IPv6MulticastListen tip theo cho cng socket,

15
TCVN xxxx:2016
giao din, v a ch Multicast IPv6. Mi yu cu n sau thay th hon ton bt k yu cu no trc
i vi tng socket, giao din, v a ch multicast c th.

Giao thc MLDv1 khng h tr cc b lc ngun, v c giao din dch v n gin hn, MLDv1 bao
gm cc chc nng bt u lng nghe v dng lng nghe cho php hoc v hiu ha vic nghe mt
a ch multicast c th (t tt c cc ngun) trn mt giao din nht nh. Cc hot ng tng ng
ca MLDv1 trong giao din dch v mi nh sau:

Chc nng bt u nghe tng ng vi:

IPv6MulticastListen ( socket, giao din, a ch multicast IPv6, EXCLUDE, {} )

V Chc nng dng lng nghe tng ng vi:

IPv6MulticastListen ( socket, giao din, a ch multiast IPv6, INCLUDE, {} )

Trong { } l mt danh sch ngun trng.

7 Trng thi nghe multicast c duy tr bi cc nt

7.1 Trng thi tng socket

Vi mi socket m trn IPv6MulticastListen c yu cu, nt ghi li trng thi nghe multicast c

mong mun cho socket . Trng thi bao gm mt tp hp cc bn ghi c dng:

(giao din, a ch multicast Ipv6, ch lc, a ch ngun)

Trng thi cho tng socket a ra phn hi li tng yu cu ca Ipv6MulticastListen trn tng
socket nh sau:

Nu ch lc c yu cu l INCLUDE v danh sch ngun c yu cu khng cha

ngun no, th mc tng ng vi giao din v a ch multicast c yu cu s b xa nu n
hin th. Nu khng c mc no c hin th, yu cu s khng c tc dng.

Nu ch lc c yu cu l EXCLUDE hoc danh sch ngun c yu cu khng phi l

trng, mc tng ng vi giao din v a ch multiast c yu cu, nu xut hin s c
thay i cha ch lc v danh sch ngun c yu cu. Nu khng c mc no xut
hin, mt mc mi s c to ra, s dng cc tham s c ch th trong yu cu.

7.2 Trng thi tng giao din

Ngoi trng thi nghe multicast tng socket, mt nt cng phi duy tr hoc tnh ton trng thi lng
nghe multicast cho tng giao din ca n. Trng thi ny cha mt tp hp cc bn ghi theo dng:

(a ch multicast IPv6, ch lc, danh sch ngun)

Ch duy nht mt bn ghi cho tng a ch multicast tn ti cho mt giao din nht nh. Trng thi tng
giao din ny nhn c t trng thi tng socket, nhng c th c s khc bit v cc socket khc

16
 TCVN xxxx:2016
nhau c nhng ch lc v/hoc cc danh sch ngun khc nhau cho cng a ch multicast v giao
din. V d, gi s mt ng dng hay chng trnh yu cu hot ng trn socket s1 nh sau:

IPv6MulticastListen ( s1, i, m, INCLUDE, {a, b, c} )

yu cu vic n nhn cc gi tin trn giao din i c gi ti a ch multicast m, nu chng n t
ngun a, b hoc c. Gi s mt ng dng hay chng trnh khc yu cu hot ng trn socket s2 nh
sau:

IPv6MulticastListen ( s2, i, m, INCLUDE, {b, c, d} )

yu cu vic n nhn trn cng giao din i nhng gi tin c gi ti cng a ch multicast m, nu
chng n t ngun b, c hoc d. tha mn vic n nhn cc yu cu ca c hai socket th giao
din i cn nhn c cc gi tin c gi ti a ch m t bt k ngun no trong a, b, c hay d. Do ,
trong v d ny, trng thi lng nghe ca giao din i cho a ch multiast m c ch lc INCLUDE v
danh sch ngun {a, b, c, d}.

Sau khi mt gi tin multicast c chp nhn ti tng IP ca giao din, vic phn phi tip theo ca gi
tin ny ti ng dng hay tin trnh ang lng nghe trn mt socket c th ph thuc vo trng thi nghe
multicast ca socket (v cng phi ph hp vi nhng iu kin khc, nh cng ca tng giao vn no
m socket ang s dng). Do nu gi tin n trn giao din i, c ch l a ch multicast m, vi a
ch ngun a, n c th c phn phi vo socket s1 m khng phi l socket s2. Ch rng, bn tin
MLDv2 khng ph thuc vo vic lc ngun v phi c x l bi cc host v router.

Vic yu cu lc cc gi tin da vo trng thi n nhn multicast ca socket l mt tnh nng mi ca

giao din dch v ny. Giao din dch v trc khng m t vic lc da trn trng thi nghe
multicast; hn na, hat ng bt u nghe multicast trn mi socket ch n gin lm cho nt bt u
nghe a ch multicast trn mt giao din c th; cc gi tin c gi ti a ch multicast c th
c phn phi cho tt c cc socket, d chng bt u nghe hay cha.

Quy tc thng thng trng thi tng giao din nhn c t trng thi tng socket nh sau: vi
tng cp (giao din, a ch multicast) ring bit xut hin trong trng thi tng socket, mt bn ghi
tng giao din c to ra cho a ch multicast ny trn giao din . Tt c cc bn ghi socket cha
cng cp (giao din, a ch multicast) c xem xt nh sau:

Nu bt k bn ghi socket no c ch lc l EXCLUDE th ch lc ca bn ghi giao din

l EXCLUDE, v danh sch ngun ca bn ghi giao din l phn giao ct ca cc danh sch
a ch ngun cho tt c cc bn ghi socket trong ch lc EXCLUDE, tr i cc a ch ngun
xut hin trong bt k bn ghi socket no c ch lc INCLUDE. V d, nu cc bn ghi
socket cho a ch multicast m trn giao din i l:

t socket s1: ( i, m, EXCLUDE, {a, b, c, d} )

t socket s2: ( i, m, EXCLUDE, {b, c, d, e} )

t socket s3: ( i, m, INCLUDE, {d, e, f} )

17
TCVN xxxx:2016
bn ghi giao din tng ng trn giao din i l:

(m, EXCLUDE, {b, c})

Nu socket th t c thm vo nh sau:

T socket s4: (( i, m, EXCLUDE, { } )

bn ghi giao din s tr thnh:

(m, EXCLUDE, { } )

Nu tt c cc bn ghi socket c mt ch lc l INCLUDE th ch lc ca bn ghi giao

din l INCLUDE, v danh sch ngun ca bn ghi giao din l kt hp ca cc danh sch
ngun ca tt c cc bn ghi socket. V d, nu cc bn ghi socket cho a ch multicast m trn
giao din i l:

t socket s1: ( i, m, INCLUDE, {a, b, c} )

t socket s2: ( i, m, INCLUDE, {b, c, d} )

t socket s3: ( i, m, INCLUDE, {e, f} )

th bn ghi giao din tng ng trn giao din i l:

(m, INCLUDE, {a, b, c, d, e, f})

Vic thc hin KHNG C s dng bn ghi giao din EXCLUDE cho mt a ch multicast nu tt
c cc socket cho a ch multicast ny trong trng thi INCLUDE. Nu ti nguyn h thng b gii
hn khi tnh ton danh sch ngun cho trng thi tng giao din, mt li PHI c tr v giao din
yu cu.

Cc quy lut trn cho vic nhn bit trng thi tng giao din c nh gi li bt c khi no mt
yu cu IPv6MultiastListen lm thay i trng thi tng socket bng cch thm vo, xa b hay chnh
sa bn ghi trng thi tng socket. Ch rng mt thay i ca trng thi tng socket khng nht thit
dn n mt s thay i trong trng thi tng giao din.

8 Cc nh dng bn tin

MLDv2 l mt giao thc con ca ICMPv6, do , cc dng bn tin ca MLDv2 l mt tp con ca cc

bn tin ICMPv6, v cc bn tin MLDv2 c nh ngha trong cc gi IPv6 bi gi tr trng Next
Header bng 58. Tt c cc bn tin MLDv2 c m t trong tiu chun ny PHI c gi vi a ch
ngun link-local, trng Hop Limit c gi tr bng 1, v ty chn Router Alert IPv6 [RFC2711] trong
mo u Hop-by-Hop Options. (ty chn Router Alert nhm mc ch cc router kim tra cc bn tin
MLDv2 c gi ti cc a ch multicast IPv6 m router khng c nhu cu.) Cc bn tin Report
MLDv2 c th c gi vi a ch ngun c thit lp thnh a ch khng xc nh [RFC 4291], nu
giao din gi khng c mt a ch ngun IPv6 link-local hp l.

Hai loi bn tin MLD lin quan n giao thc MLDv2 c m t trong tiu chun ny:

18
 TCVN xxxx:2016
Bn tin Multicast Listener Query (trng Type c gi tr bng 130 theo h thp phn)

Bn tin Multicast Listener Report phin bn 2 (Trng Type c gi tr bng 143 theo h thp
phn).

m bo tnh tng tc vi cc nt trin khai MLDv1 (phn 11), vic trin khai MLDv2 cng phi h
tr hai loi bn tin sau:

o Bn tin Multicast Listener Report phin bn 1 (Trng Type c gi tr bng 131 theo h thp
phn) [RFC2710]

o Bn tin Multicast Listener Done (hon thnh nghe multicast) phin bn 1 (Trng Type c gi tr
bng 132 theo h thp phn) [RFC2710]
Cc loi bn tin khng c nhn bit PHI c t ng b qua. Cc loi bn tin khc c th c
s dng bi cc phin bn hoc cc phn m rng MLD mi hn, bi cc giao thc nh tuyn
multicast hoc mt s phng php khc.

Trong phn cn li ca tiu chun ny, bn tin Multicast Listener Query, bn tin Multicast Listener
Report, bn tin Multicast Listener Done c gi tt l bn tin Query, bn tin Report, v bn tin Done
mt cch tng ng.

8.1 Bn tin Multicast Listener Query

Cc bn tin Multicast Listener Query c gi bi cc Querier truy vn trng thi nghe multicast
ca cc giao din ln cn. Cc bn tin Query c nh dng bn tin nh sau:

19
TCVN xxxx:2016

Hnh 1 - nh dng bn tin Query

20
 TCVN xxxx:2016
8.1.1 Trng Code (M)
c khi to bng 0 bi bn gi; c bn nhn b qua.

8.1.2 Trng Checksum (kim tra tng)

Trng Checksum ICMPv6 chun thc hin kim tra ton b bn tin MLDv2, cng thm mo u o
ca cc trng mo u IPv6 [RFC 4443]. tnh ton li, trng Checksum c thit lp bng 0.
Khi mt gi tin c gi, trng Checksum PHI c xc minh trc khi x l gi tin .

8.1.3 Trng Maximum Respond Code (M phn hi ti a)

Trng Maximum Respond Code quy nh thi gian cho php ti a trc khi gi mt bn tin Report
phn hi. Thi gian thc t cho php, c gi l tr phn hi ti a, th hin theo n v mili-giy, v
c nhn t m phn hi ti a nh sau:

Nu gi tr trng Maximum Respond Code nh hn 32768 th tr phn hi ti a bng gi tr ca

trng Maximum Respond Code.

Nu gi tr trng Maximum Respond Code ln hn hoc bng 32768 th tr phn hi ti a bng

[(mant | 0x1000) << (exp+3)].

Trong , k hiu mant v exp c quy nh nh sau:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|1| exp | mant |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Cc gi tr nh ca tr phn hi ti a cho php cc router MLDv2 iu chnh tr ri nhm (thi gian

gia thi im nt cui cng trn lin kt dng nghe mt a ch multicast c th v thi im giao thc
nh tuyn c thng bo rng khng cn mt i tng nghe no na cho a ch ). Cc gi tr ln
hn, c bit theo bc ly tha, cho php iu chnh s bng n ca lu lng MLD trn mt lin kt.

8.1.4 Trng Reserve (Dnh trc)

c khi to bng 0 bi bn gi, c bn nhn b qua.

8.1.5 Trng Multicast Address (a ch Multicast)

Trong bn tin General Query, trng Multicast Address c thit lp v 0. Trong bn tin Multicast
Address Specific Query hoc bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query, trng ny c
thit lp thnh a ch multicast c truy vn.

8.1.6 Trng Resv

c khi to bng 0 bi bn gi, c bn nhn b qua.

8.1.7 Trng S Flag (C S) - Ngn chn x l pha router

21
TCVN xxxx:2016
Khi c thit lp bng 1, c S yu cu bt c router multicast no ang nhn bn tin ngng cp nht
cc b m thi gian nh chng vn thc hin ngay sau khi nhn c mt bn tin Query. Tuy nhin
c S khng ngn chn vic bu chn Querier hoc x l bn tin Query pha host thng thng m
router c th c yu cu thc hin (khi router tr thnh i tng nghe multicast).

8.1.8 Trng QRV (bin Robustness ca Querier)

Nu khc khng, trng QRV cha gi tr [bin Robustness] c s dng bi Querier. Nu [bin
Robustness] ca Querier vt qu 7 (gi tr ti a ca trng QRV), trng QRV c t bng 0.

Cc router nhn gi tr QRV t bn tin Query va nhn c gn nht nh l gi tr [bin Robustness]

ca chnh n. Nu trng QRV va nhn c gn nht bng 0 th router s s dng gi tr [bin
Robustness] mc nh c quy nh trong phn 12.1, hoc mt gi tr c cu hnh c nh.

8.1.9 Trng QQIC (M khong thi gian truy vn ca querier)

Trng QQIC quy nh [khong thi gian truy vn] c s dng bi Querier. Khong thi gian thc
t, c gi l khong thi gian truy vn ca Querier (vit tt l QQI), c th hin theo n v giy,
v c nhn t QQIC nh sau:

Nu QQIC < 128, gi tr khong thi gian truy vn ca Querier bng gi tr ca trng QQIC
Nu QQIC >= 128, gi tr khong thi gian truy vn ca Querier bng: (mant | 0x10) << (exp + 3)
Trong , k hiu exp v mant c quy nh nh sau:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|1| exp | mant |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Cc router multicast khng phi l Querier hin ti s nhn gi tr QQI t bn tin Query nhn c gn
nht nh l gi tr [khong thi gian truy vn] ca chnh n. Nu gi tr QQI va nhn c bng 0 th
cc router s s dng gi tr [khong thi gian truy vn] mc nh c quy nh trong mc 12.2.

8.1.10 Number of Sources [N] (S lng ngun)

Trng Number of Sources (N) quy nh s lng a ch ngun ang c mt trong bn tin Query. S
lng ny bng 0 trong mt bn tin General Query hoc bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query v
khc khng trong mt bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query. S lng ny c gii
hn bi MTU ca lin kt m bn tin Query c gi. V d, trn mt lin kt Ethernet vi MTU bng
1500 octet, mo u IPv6 (40 octet) cng vi ty chn Router Alert thnh 48 octet; do , cn li 1424
octet cho cc a ch ngun s gii hn s lng a ch ngun bng 89 (1424/16).

8.1.11 Source Address [i] (a ch ngun)

Trng Source Address[i] l mt vc t ca n a ch unicast, trong n l gi tr ca trng Number

of Sources [N].

8.1.12 D liu b sung

22
 TCVN xxxx:2016
Nu trng Payload Length trong mo u IPv6 ca mt bn tin Query nhn c quy nh rng sau
cc trng c m t trn c xut hin cc octet d liu b sung, th vic trin khai MLDv2 PHI
s dng cc octet ny tnh ton xc minh Checksum MLD nhn c nhng mt khc PHI b qua
cc octet b sung . Khi gi mt bn tin Query, vic thc thi MLDv2 KHNG C bao gm nhng
octet b sung sau cc trng c m t trn.

8.1.13 Cc bin th ca bn tin Query

Bn tin Query c ba bin th nh sau:

o Bn tin General Query c gi bi Querier bit c nhng a ch multicast no c i
tng nghe trn mt lin kt c kt ni. Trong bn tin General Query, c trng Multicast
Address v trng Number of Sources (N) u bng 0

o Bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query c gi bi Querier bit c rng mt a ch

multicast c th c i tng nghe no trn mt lin kt c kt ni hay khng. Trong bn tin
Multicast Address Specific Query, trng Multicast Address cha a ch multicast ang c
theo di, trong khi trng Number of Sources(N) c t bng 0.

o Bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query c gi bi b Querier bit c

rng cc ngun t danh sch xc nh cho mt a ch multicast c th c i tng nghe no
trn mt lin kt c kt ni hay khng. Trong bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific
Query, trng Multicast Address cha a ch multicast ang c theo di, trong khi cc
trng Source Address [i] cha cc a ch ngun c theo di.

8.1.14 Nhng a ch ngun cho cc bn tin Query

Tt c cc bn tin Query MLDv2 PHI c gi vi a ch ngun IPv6 link-local hp l. Nu mt nt

nhn c bn tin Query c a ch ngun IPv6 l a ch khng xc nh (::), hoc cc a ch khc
khng phi a ch IPv6 hp l, nt PHI loi b t ng bn tin ny v NN ghi li cnh bo.

8.1.15 Nhng a ch ch cho cc bn tin Query

Trong MLDv2, cc bn tin General Query c gi ti a ch multicast tt c cc nt trong phm vi

lin kt (FF02::1). Cc bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query v bn tin Multicast Address and
Source Specific Query c gi c a ch ch l a ch multicast c theo di. Tuy nhin, mt nt
PHI chp nhn v x l bt k bn tin Query no c trng Destination Address cha nhng a ch
(unicast hoc multicast) c gn cho giao din m bn tin Query ti. iu ny c th hu ch trong
mt s trng hp, chng hn cho mc ch tm v sa li.

8.2 Bn tin Multicast Listener Report

Cc bn tin Multicast Listener Report c gi bi cc nt IP thng bo (ti cc router ln cn)

trng thi nghe multicast hin ti hoc thay i trng thi nghe multicast ca cc giao din ca
chng.

23
TCVN xxxx:2016
Hnh 2 trnh by nh dng ca bn tin Report.

Hnh 2 - nh dng bn tin Report

24
 TCVN xxxx:2016
Mi Multicast Address Record (bn ghi a ch multicast) trong bn tin Report c nh dng nh hnh 3.

Hnh 3 - nh dng Multicast Address Record (bn ghi a ch multicast)

8.2.1 Trng Reserved (D phng)

Trng Reserved c t bng 0 khi truyn v c bn nhn b qua.

25
TCVN xxxx:2016
8.2.2 Trng Checksum (Kim tra tng)

Trng Checksum ICMPv6 chun thc hin kim tra ton b bn tin MLDv2, cng thm mo u o
ca trng mo u IPv6 [TCVN 9802-1:2013, RFC 4443]. tnh ton kim tra tng, trng
Checksum c t bng 0. Khi mt gi tin c nhn, trng Checksum PHI c xc minh trc
khi x l n.

8.2.3 Trng Nr of Mcast Address Records (S lng cc bn ghi a ch Multicast M)

Trng Nr of Mcast Address Records (M) quy nh s lng cc Multicast Address Record c hin
th trong mt bn tin Report.

8.2.4 Trng Multicast Address Record (Bn ghi a ch Multicast)

Mi Multicast Address Record l mt khi cc trng cha thng tin my gi ang nghe mt a ch
multicast n l trn giao din m t bn tin Report c gi.

8.2.5 Trng Record Type (Loi bn ghi)

Trng ny quy nh loi Multicast Address Record. Xem mc 8.2.12 v cc m t chi tit cho cc loi
bn ghi kh dng khc nhau.

8.2.6 Trng Aux Data Len (Chiu di d liu b tr)

Trng Aux Data Len cha chiu di ca trng d liu b tr trong Multicast Address Record, theo
n v t 32-bit. N c th bng 0 nhm th hin khng c d liu b tr no.

8.2.7 Trng Number of Sources [N] (S lng Ngun)

Trng Number of Sources quy nh s lng a ch ngun c hin th trong Multicast Address
Record.

8.2.8 Trng Multicast Address (a ch multicast)

Trng Multicast Address cha a ch multicast ca Multicast Address Record.

8.2.9 Trng Source Address [i] (a ch Ngun)

Cc trng Source Address l mt vc t ca n cc a ch unicast, trong n l gi tr ca trng

Number of Sources (N) trong bn ghi.

8.2.10 Trng Auxiliary Data (D liu b tr)

Nu xut hin, trng Auxiliary Data cha cc thng tin b sung lin quan n Multicast Address
Record ny. Giao thc MLDv2 quy nh trong tiu chun ny, khng nh ngha bt k d liu b tr
no. Do , nhng s thc thi MLDv2 KHNG C bao gm bt k d liu b tr (tc l, PHI thit
lp trng Aux Data Len bng 0) trong bt k Multicast Address Record c truyn no, v PHI b
qua nhng d liu nh vy nu chng xut hin trong Multicast Address Record nhn c. Ni dung
v m ha ni b ca trng Auxiliary Data c nh ngha bi cc phin bn hoc phn m rng
ca MLD trong tng lai s s dng trng ny.

26
 TCVN xxxx:2016
8.2.11 D liu b sung

Nu trng Payload Length trong mo u IPv6 ca bn tin Report nhn c ch th rng sau
Multicast Address Record cui cng c nhng octet d lu b sung th cc thc thi MLDv2 PHI s
dng cc octet trong vic tnh ton xc minh trng Checksum MLD nhn c nhng mt khc
PHI b qua cc octet b sung . Khi gi mt bn tin Report, thc thi MLD KHNG C cha cc
octet b sung sau Multicast Address Record cui cng.

8.2.12 Cc loi Multicast Address Record

Bn tin Report c th c mt s loi Multicast Address Record khc nhau nh sau:

Current State Record (bn ghi trng thi hin ti) c mt nt gi i phn hi li bn tin
Query nhn c trn mt giao din. Bn tin Report cha bn ghi ny thng bo trng thi lng
nghe hin ti ca giao din nhn bn tin Query, i vi mt a ch multicast. Trng Record
Type ca Current State Record c th l mt trong hai gi tr sau:

Gi tr Tn v ngha

1 MODE_IS_INCLUDE quy nh rng giao din c ch lc l INCLUDE cho

mt a ch multicast c th. Cc trng Source Address [i] trong Multicast
Address Record l danh sch ngun ca giao din cho mt a ch multicast c
th. Bn ghi MODE_IS_INCLUDE khng bao gi c gi vi mt danh sch
ngun trng.

2 MODE_IS_EXCLUDE quy nh rng giao din c ch lc l EXCLUDE cho

mt a ch multicast c th. Cc trng Source Address [i] trong Multicast
Address Record nu c s l danh sch ngun ca giao din cho a ch multicast
c th.

Filter Mode Change Record (bn ghi thay i ch lc) c gi bi mt nt bt c khi no

mt yu cu cc b IPv6MulticastListen gy ra mt thay i v ch lc ca bn ghi trng thi
giao din cho mt a ch multicast c th (tc l thay i t INCLUDE sang EXCLUDE, hoc t
EXCLUDE sang INCLUDE), xc minh danh sch ngun c thay i cng thi im hay
khng. Bn tin Report cha bn ghi ny c gi i t giao din m thay i xy ra. Trng
Record Type ca Filter Mode Change Record c th l mt trong hai gi tr sau:

Gi tr Tn v ngha

3 CHANGE_TO_INCLUDE_MODE quy nh rng giao din c thay i sang ch

lc INCLUDE cho mt a ch multicast c th. Cc trng Source Address [i]
trong Multicast Address Record nu c s l danh sch ngun mi ca giao din
i vi mt a ch multicast c th.

27
TCVN xxxx:2016

4 CHANGE_TO_EXCLUDE_MODE quy nh rng giao din c thay i sang

ch lc EXCLUDE cho mt a ch multicast c th. Trng Source Address [i]
trong Multicast Address Record nu c s l danh sch ngun mi ca giao din
i vi a ch multicast c th.

Source List Change Record (bn ghi thay i danh sch ngun) c gi bi mt nt bt c
khi no mt yu cu IPv6MulticastListen cc b gy ra mt s thay i danh sch ngun, iu
khng c ngha l thay i ch lc ca mt bn ghi trng thi giao din cho mt a ch
multicast c th. Bn ghi ny cha trong bn tin Report c gi t giao din xy ra thay
i. Trng Record Type ca Source List Change Record c th l mt trong hai gi tr sau:

Gi tr Tn v ngha

5 ALLOW_NEW_SOURCE quy nh rng cc trng Source Address [i] trong

Multicast Address Record ny cha mt danh sch ngun b sung m nt mong
mun lng nghe cc gi tin cho mt a ch multicast c th. Nu thay i xy ra
ti danh sch ngun INCLUDE, y l nhng a ch c thm vo danh sch,
nu thay i xy ra ti danh sch ngun EXCLUDE, y l nhng a ch c
xa khi danh sch

6 BLOCK_OLD_SOURCE quy nh rng cc trng Source Address [i] trong

Multicast Address Record ny cha mt danh sch cc ngun m nt khng cn
mong mun lng nghe cc gi tin cho mt a ch multicast c th. Nu thay i
sang danh sch ngun INCLUDE, y l nhng a ch c xa khi danh
sch, nu thay i sang danh sch ngun EXCLUDE, y l nhng a ch c
thm vo danh sch

Nu s thay i danh sch ngun dn n c vic cho php cc ngun mi v xa cc ngun c, th

hai bn ghi a ch ngun multicast s c gi vi cng a ch multicast, mt bn cho loi
ALLOW_NEW_SOURCES, mt cho loi BLOCK_OLD_SOURCES.

Khi nim State Change Record c s dng tham chiu n hoc Filter Mode Change Record
hoc Source List Change Record.

Nhng biu din sau c s dng m t ni dung ca Multicast Address Record lin quan n
mt a ch multicast c th:

IS_IN ( x ) - Loi bn ghi l MODE_IS_INCLUDE, cc a ch ngun x

IS_EX ( x ) - Loi bn ghi l MODE_IS_EXCLUDE, cc a ch ngun x

TO_IN ( x ) - Loi bn ghi lCHANGE_TO_INCLUDE_MODE, cc a ch ngun x

TO_EX ( x ) - Loi bn ghi l CHANGE_TO_EXCLUDE_MODE, cc a ch ngun x

28
 TCVN xxxx:2016
ALLOW ( x ) - Loi bn ghi l ALLOW_NEW_SOURCES, cc a ch ngun x

BLOCK ( x ) - Loi bn ghi l BLOCK_OLD_SOURCES, cc a ch ngun x

Trong x l:
Ch vit hoa (v d A) i din cho mt tp cc a ch ngun
hoc
Biu din nhiu tp hp cc a ch ngun (v d A+B) trong , A+B c ngha l tp hp kt
hp gia A v B, A*B c ngha l phn giao gia A v B, A-B c ngha l loi b tt c cc
thnh phn ca tp B t tp A.

8.2.13 Cc a ch ngun cho bn tin Report

Mt bn tin Report MLDv2 PHI c gi vi mt a ch IPv6 link-local hp l, hoc a ch khng xc
nh (::) nu giao din gi khng yu cu a ch link-local hp l. Cc bn tin Report gi i vi a ch
khng xc nh h tr vic s dng IP multicast trong giao thc pht hin nt mng ln cn [RFC
2461]. Vi giao thc t ng cu hnh a ch phi trng thi [c nh ngha trong RFC2462], mt nt
c yu cu tham gia nhiu nhm multicast IPv6 khc nhau thc hin chc nng pht hin a ch
trng (DAD). Trc khi thc hin DAD, a ch duy nht m nt bo co s dng cho vic gi l mt
a ch thm d, khng th c s dng cho truyn thng. Do , a ch khng xc nh phi c
s dng.

Mt khc, router PHI t ng b qua nhng gi tin khng c a ch link-local hp l, m khng tc

ng n ni dung ca cc gi tin . Do , mt bn tin Report s b b qua nu router khng xc
nh c a ch ngun ca gi tin thuc v lin kt c kt ni vi giao din nhn gi tin . Bn tin
Report c gi vi a ch khng xc nh cng b router loi b. iu ny gip tng cng bo mt,
v cc nt bo co khng xc nh s khng th lm nh hng n trng thi cc router MLDv2. Tuy
nhin, nt bo co thay i trng thi nghe ca mnh i vi cc a ch multicast c cha trong
Multicast Address Record ca bn tin Report. T thi im ny, nt bo co s x l cc gi tin c
gi ti cc a ch multicast theo trng thi nghe mi ny. Khi a ch link-local l hp l, nt NN
pht i cc bn tin Report MLDv2 mi cho tt c cc a ch multicast tham gia trn giao din.

8.2.14 a ch ch ca cc bn tin Report

Cc bn tin Report phin bn 2 c gi vi a ch IP ch l FF02:0:0:0:0:0:0:16 (a ch m tt c

cc router multicast MLDv2 c kh nng nghe). Mt nt hot ng trong ch tng thch vi phin
bn 1 gi cc bn tin Report phin bn 1 ti a ch multicast c xc nh trong trng Multicast
Address ca bn tin Report. Ngoi ra, mt nt PHI chp nhn v x l bt k bn tin Report phin bn
1 no c trng Destination Address cha a ch IPv6 (unicast hoc multicast) c ch nh cho giao
din m bn tin Report n. iu ny l hu ch cho mt s mc ch nh tm v sa li.

8.2.15 Kch thc bn tin Report

29
TCVN xxxx:2016
Nu tp hp cc Multicast Address Record c yu cu trong bn tin Report khng ph hp vi gii
hn kch thc ca bn tin Report (c xc nh theo MTU ca lin kt m n s c gi) th cc
Multicast Address Record cn c gi trong nhiu bn tin Report bo co ton b cc bn ghi.

Nu mt Multicast Address Record cha qu nhiu a ch ngun do bn ghi ny khng ph hp vi

gii hn kch thc ca bn tin Report th:

o Nu loi bn ghi khng phi l IS_EX hoc l TO_EX, bn ghi s c chia thnh nhiu
Multicast Address Record; mi bn ghi nh vy cha mt tp con khc nhau ca cc a ch
ngun v s c gi trong cc bn tin Report ring bit.

o Nu loi bn ghi l IS_EX hoc l TO_EX, mt Multicast Address Record n l c gi vi

nhiu a ch ngun nht c th; cc a ch ngun cn li s khng c bo co. Mc d la
chn a ch ngun no bo co l ty , tiu chun ny khuyn ngh bo co mt tp hp
ging nhau cc ngun trong mi bn tin Report tip theo.

9 M t giao thc i vi cc i tng nghe a ch multicast

MLDv2 l giao thc bt i xng, v giao thc ny quy nh r rng cc cch x l ring bit cho cc
i tng nghe a ch multicast (cc host v router lng nghe cc gi tin multicast) v cc router
multicast. Phn ny m t chc nng ca MLDv2 p dng cho tt c cc i tng nghe a ch
multicast. (Ch rng mt router multicast cng l mt i tng nghe multicast thc hin c hai chc
nng ca MLDv2; n nhn v phn hi li cc bn tin MLD ca chnh mnh, cng nh cc bn tin MLD
ca cc nt mng ln cn n.) Chc nng router ca MLDv2 c m t trong phn 10.

Trong phn ny, mt nt thc hin giao thc trn tt c cc giao din h tr vic tip nhn multicast,
ngay c khi c nhiu hn mt giao din kt ni trn cng lin kt.

hot ng tng tc vi cc router multicast ang chy giao thc MLDv1, cc nt duy tr bin Host
Compatibility Mode (bin ch tng thch host) cho mi giao din m vic tip nhn multicast c
h tr. Phn ny m t vic x l ca cc nt nghe a ch multicast trn cc giao din m Host
Compatibility Mode = MLDv2. Gii thut xc nh bin Host Compatibility Mode v cch x l nu
gi tr ca bin ny c thit lp l MLDv1, c m t trong phn 11.

a ch multicast tt c cc nt trong phm vi lin kt (FF02::1) c x l nh mt trng hp c

bit. Trn tt c cc nt - tc l tt c cc host v router bao gm c cc router multicast vic lng
nghe cc gi tin c ch l a ch multicast tt c cc nt t tt c cc ngun, c cho php trn tt
c cc giao din m vic nghe multicast c h tr. Khng c bn tin MLD no c gi m khng
lin quan n a ch multicast tt c cc nt trong phm vi lin kt hoc cng khng phi l a ch
multicast c gii hn bng 0 (d phng) hoc 1 (node-local).

C 3 loi s kin c th kch hot cc hot ng ca giao thc MLDv2 trn 1 lin kt:
Thay i ca trng thi nghe tng giao din, c gy ra bi yu cu cc b
IPv6MulticastListen

30
 TCVN xxxx:2016
Bt u mt b m thi gian c th

Tip nhn mt bn tin Query

(Cc bn tin MLD nhn c khng phi l bn tin Query s c t ng b qua, tr khi chng c
s dng cho vic tng tc vi cc nt thc thi MLDv1)

Cc phn tip theo m t cc hot ng c thc hin cho tng trng hp. Tn cc b m thi
gian v b m, gi tr mc nh cho cc b m thi gian v b m c quy nh trong phn 12.

9.1 X l theo s thay i ca trng thi tng giao din

Yu cu IPv6MulticastListen c th gy ra s thay i trng thi nghe multicast ca mt giao din, theo

cc quy tc trong phn 7.2. Mi mt thay i nh vy nh hng n bn ghi tng giao din i vi
mt a ch multicast n l.

Mt thay i ca trng thi tng giao din buc nt phi ngay lp tc truyn i bn tin State Change
Report t giao din . Loi v ni dung ca cc Multicast Address Record trong bn tin Report
c xc nh bng cch so snh ch lc v danh sch ngun cho a ch multicast b nh hng
trc v sau thay i, theo bng di y. Nu thay i l vic to ra mt bn ghi tng giao din mi
hoc thay i l vic xa bn ghi tng giao din, th Multicast Address Record ny c xem l c ch
lc INCLUDE v danh sch ngun trng.

Trng thi c Trng thi mi Bn ghi State Change Record c gi

------------------ -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
INCLUDE (A) INCLUDE (B) ALLOW (B-A), BLOCK (A-B)

EXCLUDE (A) EXCLUDE (B) ALLOW (A-B), BLOCK (B-A)

INCLUDE (A) EXCLUDE (B) TO_EX (B)

EXCLUDE (A) INCLUDE (B) TO_IN (B)

Nu danh sch ngun c tnh ton cho State Change Record ALLOW hoc BLOCK l trng, bn ghi
c b qua khi bn tin Report.

chc chn rng bn tin State Change Report khng b mt bi mt hay nhiu router multicast th
([bin Robustness] -1) bn tin ny s c lp lch truyn li, qua b m thi gian truyn li,
khong thi gian c chn ngu nhin trong khong (0, [khong thi gian bo co khng theo thm
d]).

Nu xy ra thm nhiu thay i ti cng mt bn ghi trng thi tng giao din trc khi hon thnh
vic truyn li tt c cc bn tin State Change Reportcho thay i u tin, mi thay i b sung nh
vy s kch hot vic truyn ngay lp tc mt bn tin State Change Report mi.

Ni dung ca bn tin Report mi c tnh ton nh sau:

o Vi bn tin Report u tin, trng thi tng giao din cho a ch multicast b tc ng trc v
sau thay i cui cng s c so snh.

31
TCVN xxxx:2016
o Bn ghi th hin s khc nhau c xy dng theo bng trn. Tuy nhin, cc bn ghi ny
khng c truyn trong 1 bn tin ring bit, m thay vo chng c sp nhp vi ni
dung ca bn tin Report ang trng thi ch to ra mt bn tin State Change Report mi.
Cc quy tc cho vic tnh ton bn tin Report c sp nhp ny c m t di y.

Vic truyn bn tin State Change Report c sp nhp s chm dt vic truyn li cc bn tin State
Change Report trc cho cng a ch multicast, v tr thnh bn u tin ca [bin Robustness]
bn tin State Change Report mi c truyn li. Nhng bn tin c lp li ny cn thit chc
chn rng mi mt thay i trng thi ny c truyn li t nht [bin Robustness] ln.

Mi ln mt ngun trong mt bn tin Report khc c tnh ton trn, trng thi truyn li cho ngun
cn c duy tr cho n khi [bin Robustness] bn tin State Change Report c nt gi i. iu
ny c thc hin chc chn rng mt chui cc thay i trng thi thnh cng khng ph v tnh
n nh ca tiu chun. Cc ngun trong trng thi truyn li c th c gi trong danh sch truyn
li vi tng a ch multicast, vi mt b m truyn li cho ngun c lin kt ti mi ngun trong
danh sch. Khi mt ngun nm trong danh sch, b m ca n c thit lp bng [bin
Robustness]. Mi ln bn tin State Change Report c gi, b m ny s gim 1 n v. Khi b m
tin v 0, ngun s b xa khi danh sch truyn li i vi a ch multicast .

Nu thay i trng thi nghe cho tng giao din to ra mt bn tin Report mi, l mt thay i ch
lc th [bin Robustness] bn tin State Change Report tip theo s cha mt Filter Mode Change
Record. iu ny p dng ngay c khi c nhng thay i danh sch ngun xy ra trong chu k trc
. Nt phi duy tr trng thi truyn li cho a ch multicast cho n khi [bin Robustness] bn tin
State Change Report c gi. iu ny c th c thc hin thng qua mt b m truyn li ch
lc cho tng a ch multicast. Khi ch lc thay i, b m c t v [bin Robustness]. Mi
ln mt bn tin State Change Report c gi, b m s gim 1 n v. Khi b m tin v 0, tc l
[bin Robustness] bn tin State Change Report vi cc Filter Mode Change Record c truyn sau
khi thay i ch lc cui cng, v nu cc thay i danh sch ngun dn n cc bn tin Report b
sung c lp lch th bn tin State Change Report tip theo s bao gm cc Source List Change
Record.

Mi ln thay i trng thi nghe cho tng giao din to ra vic truyn ngay lp tc mt bn tin State
Change Report mi, ni dung ca bn tin Report s c xc nh nh sau. Nu bn tin Report cha
Filter Mode Change Record, tc l b m truyn li ch lc cho a ch multicast c gi tr ln
hn 0, v nu ch lc hin ti ca giao din l INCLUDE th bn tin Report s cha mt bn ghi
TO_IN; nu khng th bn tin ny s cha bn ghi TO_EX. Nu bn tin Report cha cc Source List
Change Record, tc l b m truyn li ch lc cho a ch multicast bng 0, th bn tin Report s
cha mt bn ghi ALLOW v mt bn ghi BLOCK. Ni dung ca cc bn ghi ny c xy theo bng
sau y:

32
 TCVN xxxx:2016
Bn ghi Cc ngun c bao gm
---------- -----------------------------------
TO_IN Tt c cc ngun trong trng thi tng giao din hin ti phi c chuyn tip

TO_EX Tt c cc ngun trong trng thi tng giao din hin ti phi c chn

ALLOW Tt c cc ngun c trng thi truyn li (tt c cc ngun t danh sch truyn
li) phi c chuyn tip

BLOCK Tt c cc ngun c trng thi truyn li phi c chn

Nu danh sch ngun c tnh ton cho mt trong hai bn ghi ALLOW hoc bn ghi BLOCK l trng,
bn ghi c loi b khi bn tin State Change Report.

Ch rng: Khi bn tin State Change Report u tin c gi, bn tin Report ang ch sp nhp
vi bn tin ny c th c i x nh l mt bn tin Source Change Report vi cc bn ghi ALLOW
v BLOCK l trng (khng c ngun no c trng thi truyn li).

Vic thit lp bn tin State Change Report ln lch, c kch hot bng cch bt b m thi gian
truyn li, thay v thay i trng thi nghe cho tng giao din, c m t trong phn 9.3.

9.2 X l khi nhn bn tin Query

Sau khi nhn c bn tin Query MLD, nt kim tra a ch ngun ca bn tin c phi a ch link-local
hp l khng, trng Hop Limit c c thit lp bng 1 v ty chn Router Alert c c th hin
trong mo u cc Hop-by-Hop Options ca gi tin IPv6 hay khng. Nu bt k kim tra no c li, gi
tin s b loi b.

Nu tnh hp l ca bn tin MLD c xc minh, nt bt u x l bn tin Query. Thay v phn hi

ngay lp tc, nt lm tr phn hi ca n theo mt khong thi gian ngu nhin, c gii hn bi gi
tr tr phn hi ti a nhn c t trng Maximum Response Code trong bn tin Query nhn c.
Mt nt c th nhn nhiu bn tin Query trn cc giao din khc nhau v theo nhiu loi khc nhau (v
d nh bn tin General Query, bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query hay bn tin Multicast Address
and Source Specific Query), mi loi c th yu cu tr phn hi ring.

Trc khi lp lch phn hi li mt bn tin Query, u tin nt phi xem xt cc phn hi c lp
lch ang trng thi ch trc v trong nhiu trng hp phi lp lch cho mt phn hi kt hp.
Do , vi mi giao din m nt m nhim chc nng i tng nghe ca giao thc MLDv2, nt phi
c kh nng duy tr trng thi nh sau:

B m thi gian ca giao din cho vic lp lch cc phn hi li nhng bn tin General Query

B m thi gian ca a ch multicast cho vic lp lch cc phn hi li nhng bn tin Multicast
Address Specific Query (hoc bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query), cho tng
a ch multicast m nt phi bo co li;

33
TCVN xxxx:2016
Danh sch cc ngun cho tng a ch multicast c bo co phn hi li bn tin Multicast
Address and Source Specific Query

Khi mt bn tin General Query hp l mi n trn mt giao din, nt kim tra c bn ghi trng thi
nghe cho tng giao din no bo co hay khng. Tng t, khi mt bn tin Multicast Address
Specific Query (bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query) hp l mi n trn mt giao
din, nt phi kim tra c bn ghi trng thi nghe cho tng giao din tng ng vi a ch multicast
(v ngun) c truy vn hay khng. Nu c, tr cho vic phn hi c la chn ngu nhin trong
khong (0, [tr phn hi ti a]), trong tr phn hi ti a nhn c t trng Maximum Response
Code trong bn tin Query nhn c. Cc quy tc sau c s dng xc nh rng bn tin Report
cn c lp lch hay khng, v cn lp lch loi bn tin Report no. (Cc quy tc c xem xt theo
th t v ch c quy tc ph hp u tin c p dng).

1. Nu c mt phn hi ang trng thi ch cho bn tin General Query trc c lp lch
sm hn tr c chn, th khng cn lp lch bt k hi p b sung no.

2. Nu bn tin Query nhn c l bn tin General Query th b m thi gian ca giao din c
s dng lp lch cho bn tin hi p li bn tin General Query ngay sau tr c la chn.
Bt k phn hi ang trng thi ch no trc cho bn tin General Query u b hy b.

3. Nu bn tin Query nhn c l bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query hoc bn tin Multicast
Address and Source Specific Query v khng c phn hi ang trng thi ch no cho bn
tin Query trc v a ch multicast ny th b m thi gian ca a ch multicast c s
dng lp lch bn tin Report. Nu bn tin Query nhn c l bn tin Multicast Address and
Source Specific Query, danh sch cc ngun c yu cu c lu s dng khi pht i
phn hi.

4. Nu c 1 phn hi ang trng thi ch cho bn tin Query trc c lp lch cho a ch
multicast ny, v bn tin Query mi l bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query hoc danh sch
ngun c lu lin quan ti a ch multicast ny l trng, th danh sch ngun cho a ch
multicast c xa v mt phn hi duy nht c lp lch, s dng b m thi gian ca a
ch multicast. Phn hi mi c lp lch gi i ti thi gian nh hn gia thi gian cn li
cho bn tin Report ang ch x l v tr c chn.

5. Nu bn tin Query nhn c l bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query v tn ti
mt phn hi ang trng thi ch cho a ch multicast ny vi danh sch ngun khng trng,
th danh sch a ch ngun multicast c m rng cha danh sch cc ngun trong bn
tin Query mi v phn hi c lp lch, s dng b m thi gian a ch multicast. Phn hi
mi c lp lch gi i ti thi gian nh hn gia thi gian cn li cho bn tin Report ang
ch x l v tr c chn.

34
 TCVN xxxx:2016
9.3 X l khi b m thi gian kt thc

C nhiu b m thi gian s gy ra cc tc ng ln nt i tng nghe a ch multicast MLD khi n

kt thc. Tt c cc tc ng ny lin quan n cc bn tin Report ang ch x l c lp lch nt.

1. Nu b m thi gian ca giao din kt thc (tc l c mt phn hi ang trng thi ch cho
bn tin General Query), th mt Current State Record c gi cho tng a ch multicast m
mt giao din c th ang nghe, nh mc 7.2. Current State Record mang a ch multicast v
ch lc c lin quan ca n (MODE_IS_INCLUDE hoc MODE_IS_EXCLUDE) cng danh
sch ngun. Nhiu Current State Record c ng gi trong cc bn tin Report ring l n
mt mc ln nht c th.

Thut ton ny c th dn n vic bng n cc gi tin khi mt nt lng nghe mt lng ln cc

a ch multicast. Thay v s dng b m thi gian ca giao din, vic thc thi c khuyn
ngh truyn nhng bn tin Report nh vy trong khong thi gian (0, [tr phn hi ti a]). Ch
rng bt k vic thc thi no nh vy u KHNG C gi i mt bn tin Report ngay sau
khi nhn c bn tin General Query.

2. Nu b m thi gian ca a ch multicast kt thc v danh sch cc a ch ngun c ghi

cho a ch multicast l trng (tc l, c mt phn hi ang trng thi ch cho bn tin
Multicast Address Specific Query), sau nu v ch nu giao din ang c trng thi nghe cho
a ch multicast , th mt Current State Record s c gi cho a ch . Current State
Record ny mang a ch multicast v ch lc c lin quan ca n (MODE_IS_INCLUDE
hoc MODE_IS_EXCLUDE) v danh sch ngun.

3. Nu b m thi gian ca a ch multicast kt thc v danh sch ngun c ghi cho a

ch multicast khng phi l rng (tc l c mt phn hi ang trng thi ch cho bn tin
Multicast Address and Source Specific Query), th nu v ch nu giao din c trng thi nghe
cho a ch multicast , th cc ni dung ca Current State Record tng ng s c xc
nh t trng thi tng giao din v bn ghi phn hi ang trng thi ch, nh c quy nh
trong bng sau y:

Trng thi cho tng giao Tp hp cc ngun trong bn ghi Current State
din phn hi ang trng thi ch Record

--------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------

INCLUDE (A) B IS_IN (A*B)

EXCLUDE (A) B IS_IN (B-A)

Nu Current State Record l mt tp hp rng ca cc danh sch ngun, th khng c phn hi no

c gi. Sau khi cc bn tin Report yu cu c to ra, cc danh sch ngun c lin quan ti
bt k cc a ch multicast c bo co no u c xa b.

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4. Nu b m thi gian cho vic truyn li ca mt a ch multicast kt thc (tc l c mt bn tin
State Change Report ang trng thi ch cho a ch multicast ), cc ni dung ca bn tin
Report c xc nh nh sau: Nu bn tin Report cha Filter Mode Change Record, tc l b
m truyn li ch lc cho a ch multicast c mt gi tr ln hn 0, v nu ch lc
hin ti ca giao din l INCLUDE, th bn tin Report s cha bn ghi TO_IN, ngc li bn tin
ny s cha bn ghi TO_EX. Trong c hai trng hp, b m truyn li ch lc cho a ch
multicast c gim mt n v sau khi truyn bn tin Report.

Nu bn tin Report cha cc Source List Change Record, tc l b m truyn li ch lc

cho a ch multicast bng 0, th bn ny ny s cha bn ghi ALLOW hoc BLOCK. Ni
dung ca cc bn ghi ny c xy dng theo bng di y:

Bn ghi Cc ngun c bao gm

---------- ----------------------------------
TO_IN Tt c cc ngun trong trng thi tng giao din hin ti phi c
chuyn tip

TO_EX Tt c cc ngun trong trng thi tng giao din hin ti phi c
chn

ALLOW Tt c cc ngun c trng thi truyn li (tc l tt c cc ngun t

danh sch truyn li) phi c chuyn tip. Vi mi ngun nm
trong bn tin Report, b m truyn li ngun ca n c gim 1
n v sau khi truyn bn tin ny. Nu b m tin v 0, ngun c
xa khi danh sch truyn li cho a ch multicast

BLOCK Tt c cc ngun c trng thi truyn li (tc l tt c cc ngun t

danh sch truyn li) phi c chn. Vi mi ngun nm trong bn
tin ny, b m truyn li ngun ca n c gim 1 n v sau khi
truyn bn tin Report. Nu b m tin v 0, ngun s b xa khi
danh sch truyn li cho a ch multicast .

Nu danh sch ngun c tnh ton cho bn ghi ALLOW hoc bn ghi BLOCK l rng, th bn
ghi s b loi b khi bn tin State Change Report.

10 M t ca giao thc cho router multicast

Mc ch ca MLD l cho php router multicast xc nh c nhng a ch multicast no c i

tng nghe trn lin kt c kt ni trc tip. So vi MLDv1, MLDv2 b sung kh nng cho php
router multicast xc nh c nhng ngun no c i tng nghe thuc cc nt ln cn, i vi cc
gi tin c gi ti bt k a ch multicast c th no. Cc thng tin thu thp bi MLD c cung cp

36
 TCVN xxxx:2016
cho giao thc nh tuyn multicast router s dng nhm m bo cc gi tin multicast c phn
phi ti tt c cc lin kt c i tng mong mun nghe.

Phn ny m t chc nng MLDv2 c thc hin bi router multicast. Cc router multicast c th tr
thnh cc i tng nghe a ch multicast, v do cng thc hin chc nng i tng nghe
multicast ca MLDv2, nh c m t trong phn 9.

Mt router multicast thc thi giao thc trn mi lin kt c kt ni trc tip ca n. Nu mt router
multicast c nhiu hn mt giao din kt ni ti cng mt lin kt, n ch cn thc thi giao thc ny qua
mt trong s cc giao din .

Vi mi giao din m qua router thc thi giao thc MLD, router phi cu hnh giao din nghe
tt c cc a ch multicast tng lin kt (link-layer) trong IPv6. V d, router kt ni Ethernet phi thit
lp b lc tip nhn a ch Ethernet ca n chp nhn tt c cc a ch multicast Ethernet bt u vi
gi tr hexa l 3333 [RFC2464]; trong trng hp giao din Ethernet khng h tr vic lc di a ch
nh vy, th n phi c cu hnh chp nhn tt c cc a ch multicast Ethernet, nhm p ng
cc yu cu ca MLD.

Trn mi giao din s dng giao thc ny, router PHI cho php tip nhn a ch multicast tt c cc
router c kh nng h tr MLDv2 trong phm vi lin kt t tt c cc ngun, v PHI thc hin chc
nng i tng nghe a ch multicast ca MLDv2 vi a ch ny trn giao din .

Cc router multicast ch cn bit trn mt lin kt c kt ni c t nht mt nt ang nghe cc gi tin

cho mt a ch multicast c th t mt ngun c th; mt router multicast khng cn theo di mt cch
c lp cc quan tm ca tng nt ln cn.

MLDv2 c tng thch ngc vi giao thc MLDv1. Chi tit c m t trong phn 11.

10.1 Cc iu kin cho nhng bn tin Query MLD

Cch x l ca router thc thi giao thc MLD ph thuc vo vic c nhiu router multicast trn cng
mt mng con hay khng. Trong trng hp , c ch bu chn Querier c s dng la chn
mt router multicast duy nht ng vai tr l Querier. Tt c cc router multicast trn mng con lng
nghe cc bn tin c gi t cc i tng nghe multicast v duy tr cng mt trng thi thng tin
nghe multicast nu Querier hin ti gp s c, cc router multicast ny c th m nhim chc
nng Querier mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc. Tuy nhin, ch c duy nht mt Querier gi nh k
hoc khi to cc bn tin Query trn min mng.

Querier nh k gi cc bn tin General Query yu cu thng tin ca i tng nghe a ch

multicast t mt lin kt c kt ni. Cc bn tin Query ny c s dng thit lp v lm mi
trng thi i tng nghe a ch multicast ca router trn cc lin kt c kt ni.

37
TCVN xxxx:2016
Cc nt phn hi li cc bn tin Query ny bng cch thng bo trng thi nghe a ch multicast ca
chng (v danh sch cc ngun m chng ang nghe) qua cc Current State Record hin ti trong bn
tin Report MLDv2.

Vi chc nng i tng nghe a ch multicast, mt nt c th th hin mi quan tm trong vic c

nghe cc lu lng n t cc ngun nht nh hay khng. Khi trng thi nghe mong mun ca nt
thay i, nt s thng bo cc thay i ny bng cch s dng cc Filter Mode Change Record hoc
Source List Change Record. Cc bn ghi ny ch th mt thay i trng thi r rng v a ch multicast
ti mt nt trong danh sch ngun ca Multicast Address Record hoc ch lc ca n. Khi nt kt
thc vic nghe a ch multicast hoc khng cn nhu cu nhn lu lng t mt ngun c th, Querier
phi truy vn cc i tng nghe khc ca a ch multicast hoc ca ngun trc khi xa a ch
multicast (hoc ngun) khi trng thi i tng nghe a ch multicast ca n v ngng truyn lu
lng.

cho php tt c cc nt trn mt lin kt phn hi li nhng s thay i trong vic nghe a ch
multicast, Querier s gi i cc bn tin Query c th. Mt bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query
c gi xc minh rng khng c nt no ang nghe 1 a ch multicast xc nh hoc thit lp
li trng thi nghe cho 1 a ch multicast xc nh. Cc bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query c
gi khi Querier nhn c State Change Record ch th rng mt nt ngng theo di mt a ch
multicast. Chng cng c gi cho php router chuyn nhanh t ch EXCLUDE sang ch
INCLUDE, trong trng hp nhn c mt State Change Record yu cu vic chuyn i ny.

Bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query c s dng xc minh rng khng c nt
no trn lin kt ang nghe lu lng t mt tp hp ngun c th. Cc bn tin Multicast Address and
Source Specific Query lit k cc ngun cho mt a ch multicast c th khng cn nhu cu c
chuyn tip na. Bn tin Query ny c Querier gi i, xc nh c hay khng mt (cc) nt ang
nghe cc gi tin c gi n a ch multicast c th t cc a ch ngun c th. Cc bn tin Multicast
Address and Source Specific Query ch c gi phn hi li cc State Change Record m khng
bao gi phn hi li cc Current State Record.

10.2 Trng thi MLD c duy tr bi cc router multicast

Cc router multicast thc thi giao thc MLDv2 lu trng thi cho tng a chi multicast i vi tng lin
kt c kt ni. Trng thi a ch multicast ny bao gm 1 ch lc, mt danh sch cc ngun v
cc b m thi gian khc nhau. i vi tng lin kt c kt ni m MLD ang thc hin, router
multicast ghi li trng thi nghe cho tng lin kt . Trng thi bao gm mt tp hp cc bn ghi
theo dng sau:

(a ch multicast IPv6, ch lc, Ch lc ca router, (cc bn ghi ngun))

Mi mt bn ghi ngun c biu din theo dng:

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 TCVN xxxx:2016
(a ch ngun IPv6, b m thi gian ca ngun)

Nu tt c cc ngun cho mt a ch multicast ang c lng nghe, th ch lc ca router c

thit lp sang EXCLUDE vi danh sch bn ghi ngun khng cha a ch ngun no. iu ny c
ngha rng tt c cc ngun cho a ch multicast ny u c chuyn tip. Trng hp ny ca
MLDv2 tng ng vi trng thi nghe ca MLDv1.

10.2.1 nh ngha cc ch lc ca router

gim trng thi cc b, cc router MLDv2 duy tr mt ch lc i vi tng a ch multicast trn

tng lin kt c kt ni. Ch lc ny c s dng tng hp tt c cc trng thi nghe a ch
multicast thnh mt tp hp nh nht cha trng thi nghe ca tt c cc nt. Ch lc c th thay
i tng ng vi vic nhn cc loi Multicast Address Record c th hoc khi cc iu kin cho mt
b m thi gian no xy ra. Trong cc phn tip theo, thut ng ch lc ca router c s
dng cp n ch lc ca mt a ch multicast c th trong router. Phn 10.4 m t nhng
thay i v ch lc ca router cho tng Multicast Address Record nhn c.

Mt router ch INCLUDE cho mt a ch multicast c th trn 1 giao din xc nh nu tt c cc

i tng nghe trn lin kt ang theo di a ch ch INCLUDE. Trng thi router c biu
din bng INCLUDE (A), trong A c gi l danh sch INCLUDE. Danh sch INCLUDE l mt
tp hp cc ngun m t nht mt i tng nghe trn lin kt c yu cu mun nhn gi tin. Tt c
cc ngun trong danh sch INCLUDE s c chuyn tip bi router. Bt k ngun no khng nm
trong danh sch INCLUDE s b router chn li.

Mt router s c ch lc l EXCLUDE cho mt a ch multicast c th trn mt giao din xc nh

nu c t nht mt i tng nghe trong ch EXCLUDE ang c nhu cu nghe a ch ny trn lin
kt. Khi nhn c mt Multicast Address Record, ch lc ca router cho a ch multicast c
cp nht kim sot tt c cc ngun c yu cu s dng t trng thi nht. Theo quy tc, khi
nhn c Multicast Address Record c ch lc EXCLUDE th ch lc ca router cho a ch
multicast s c thit lp thnh EXCLUDE. Tuy nhin, nu tt c cc nt vi Multicast Address
Record c ch lc c thit lp l EXCLUDE dng bo co, th ch lc ca router cho a ch
multicast s c chuyn ngc li ch INCLUDE. Vic chuyn trng thi ny xy ra khi b m
thi gian ch lc kt thc, v c gii thch c th trong phn 10.5.

Khi router trong ch EXCLUDE, trng thi router c biu din bng EXCLUDE (X,Y), trong
X l danh sch c yu cu v Y l danh sch EXCLUDE. Tt c cc ngun nm ngoi danh sch
EXCLUDE s c chuyn tip bi router. Danh sch c yu cu khng nh hng n vic
chuyn tip ny. Tuy nhin, n vn c duy tr v mt s l do, c gii thch trong phn 10.2.3.

Vic x l chnh xc trng thi router c ch INCLUDE v EXCLUDE, theo cc bn tin Report
nhn c c th hin chi tit trong cc bng phn 10.4.1 v 10.4.2.

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 TCVN xxxx:2016
10.2.2 nh ngha cc b m thi gian cho ch lc

B m thi gian cho ch lc ch c s dng khi router ch EXCLUDE cho mt a ch

multicast c th, v n th hin khong thi gian cho ch lc EXCLUDE ca router i vi a ch
multicast , sau khi ht thi gian ny router s chuyn sang ch INCLUDE. B m thi gian cho
ch lc l mt b m thi gian m gim dn v ngng nh hn 0. B m thi gian cho ch
lc tn ti cho tng Multicast Address Record. Cc b m thi gian cho ch lc c cp nht
theo cc loi Multicast Address Record nhn c.

Nu mt b m thi gian cho ch lc kt thc m ch lc ca router cho mt a ch multicast l

EXCLUDE, th khng cn i tng nghe no ch EXCLUDE trn lin kt c kt ni. Ti thi
im ny, router chuyn sang ch lc INCLUDE. Phn 10.5 m t cc hot ng xy ra khi b m
thi gian cho ch lc ca ch EXCLUDE kt thc.

Bng sau tng hp ngha ca b m thi gian. Phn 10.4 m t chi tit v vic thit lp b m thi
gian cho ch lc i vi tng loi Multicast Address Record nhn c.

Ch lc ca router Gi tr b m thi gian Cc hot ng / khuyn ngh

cho ch lc
----------------------------- ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
INCLUDE Khng c s dng Tt c cc i tng nghe ch INCLUDE
EXCLUDE B m thi gian > 0 t nht mt i tng nghe ch EXCLUDE
EXCLUDE B m thi gian = 0 Khng cn i tng nghe no ch
EXCLUDE cho mt a ch multicast. Nu danh
sch c yu cu l rng th xa Multicast
Address Record. Nu khng, chuyn sang ch
lc INCLUDE, cc ngun trong danh sch c
yu cu c chuyn sang danh sch INCLUDE,
v danh sch EXCLUDE s b xa b.

10.2.3 nh ngha cc b m thi gian cho ngun

B m thi gian cho ngun l mt b m thi gian m gim dn v ngng nh hn 0. Mi bn ghi

ngun c mt b m thi gian cho ngun . Cc b m thi gian cho ngun c cp nht theo
loi v ch lc ca Multicast Address Record nhn c. Phn 10.4 m t vic thit lp b m thi
gian cho ngun i vi tng loi Multicast Address Record nhn c.

Trong cc phn sau ca tiu chun ny, cc quy c v ch vit tt nh sau c s dng. Bin
MALI vit tt ca khong thi gian nghe a ch multicast (Multicast Address Listening Interval), l
khong thi gian m trng thi nghe a ch multicast s kt thc. Bin LLQT vit tt ca thi gian truy
vn i tng nghe cui cng (Last Listener Query Time), l thi gian tng cng m router i bn tin

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 TCVN xxxx:2016
Report, sau khi Querier gi i bn tin Query u tin. Trong sut khong thi gian ny, router s truyn
li [LLQC] -1 bn tin Query. LLQT th hin tr ri nhm, hoc sai lch thi gian gia vic truyn thay
i trng thi i tng nghe v vic thay i thng tin khi truyn qua giao thc nh tuyn.

Nu router c ch lc INCLUDE th mt ngun c th s c b sung vo danh sch INCLUDE

hin ti nu c mt i tng nghe ch INCLUDE gi i bn tin Current State Report hoc bn tin
State Change Report cha ngun ny. Mi ngun t danh sch INCLUDE c lin kt vi mt b
m thi gian cho ngun c cp nht bt c khi no mt i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE
gi i mt bn tin Report xc nhn mi quan tm ca i tng nghe ny ti mt a ch ngun c
th. Nu b m thi gian cho ngun t danh sch INCLUDE kt thc, ngun s b xa khi danh sch
INCLUDE. Nu khng cn bn ghi ngun no na, Multicast Address Record s b xa khi router.

Bn cnh phng thc ri nhm mm ny, cn 1 phng thc ri nhm nhanh ca MLDv2; c
da trn vic s dng b m thi gian cho ngun. Khi mt nt trong ch INCLUDE mun ngng
nghe mt ngun c th, tt c cc router multicast trn lin kt phi h thp b m thi gian ca mnh
cho ngun xung thnh mt khong thi gian nh bng LLQT mili-giy. Querier sau gi i mt
bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query, xc minh rng c i tng nghe no khc
cho ngun cn trn lin kt na hay khng. Nu nhn c bn tin Report tng ng trc khi b
m thi gian kt thc, tt c cc router multicast trn lin kt s cp nht b m thi gian cho ngun
ca mnh. Nu khng, ngun s b xa khi danh sch INCLUDE. Vic x l danh sch INCLUDE theo
bn tin Report nhn c c c th trong bng phn 10.4.1 v 10.4.2.

B m thi gian cho ngun c x l c lp khi ch lc ca router cho a ch multicast l ch

EXCLUDE. Vi cc ngun trong danh sch c yu cu c b m thi gian ngun ang chy th
cc ngun ny c chuyn tip bi router. Vi cc ngun trong danh sch EXCLUDE c b m thi
gian cho ngun c thit lp bng 0 th nhng ngun ny s b router chn li. Nu b m thi gian
ca mt ngun trong danh sch c yu cu kt thc th ngun ny s c chuyn sang danh sch
EXCLUDE. Sau router thng bo cho cc giao thc nh tuyn rng khng cn i tng nghe no
trn lin kt c nhu cu nhn lu lng t ngun ny na.

Router phi duy tr danh sch c yu cu v 2 l do sau:

theo di cc ngun m i tng nghe c ch lc INCLUDE ang lng nghe. iu ny

nhm m bo vic chuyn i lin mch ca router sang ch INCLUDE, khi khng cn i
tng nghe no ch EXCLUDE na. Vic chuyn i ny s khng lm gin on lu
lng ti nhng i tng nghe ch INCLUDE vn ang theo di a ch multicast . Do
, ti thi im chuyn i, danh sch c yu cu s cha tp hp cc ngun m cc nt
c ch lc INCLUDE yu cu mt cch r rng.

Khi router chuyn sang ch INCLUDE, cc ngun trong danh sch c yu cu s chuyn
sang danh sch INCLUDE, v danh sch EXCLUDE s b xa b. Trc khi chuyn, danh sch

41
TCVN xxxx:2016
c yu cu c th cha nhng d on khng chnh xc v cc ngun m nhng i tng
nghe trong ch INCLUDE ang nghe c th qu ln hoc qu nh. Nhng d on khng
chnh xc ny da theo thc t rng danh sch c yu cu cng c s dng cho mc
ch ngn chn nhanh chng, nh c m t di y. Nu tn ti mt yu cu chn nhanh
nh vy, nhiu ngun c th b xa khi danh sch c yu cu (nh c ch ra trong phn
10.4.1 v 10.4.2) nhm hn ch trng thi router. Tuy nhin, trong mi trng hp nh vy, b
m thi gian cho ch lc cng c cp nht. Do ,trc khi thc hin chuyn i, cc
i tng nghe trong ch INCLUDE s c thi gian xc minh li mi quan tm ca cc
i tng ny vi cc ngun b loi tr, v thit lp li danh sch c yu cu ph hp. Giao
thc m bo rng khi xy ra chuyn i sang ch INCLUDE, danh sch c yu cu l
chnh xc.

cho php vic chn nhanh cc ngun khng c chn trc . Nu router nhn c
bn tin Report cha mt yu cu nh vy, cc ngun c lin quan phi c thm vo danh
sch c yu cu. Cc b m thi gian ca chng c thit lp v mt gi tr nh bng
LLQT mili-giy, v mt bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query c gi bi
Querier, kim tra rng cn nt cn trn lin kt vn cn mong mun nghe cc ngun ny
na khng. Nu khng nt no xc nhn mi quan tm ca n ti vic nhn lu lng t
ngun c th ny na, th b m thi gian cho ngun ny s kt thc. Sau , ngun ny s
c chuyn t danh sch c yu cu sang danh sch EXCLUDE. T thi im , ngun
s b router chn li.

Vic x l ca trng thi router c ch EXCLUDE, theo cc bn tin Report nhn c, c c th

ha trong phn 10.4.1 v 10.4.2.

Khi ch lc ca router cho a ch multicast l EXCLUDE, bn ghi ngun ch c xa khi b m

thi gian cho ch lc kt thc, hoc khi mt bn ghi a ch ngun mi nhn c lm thay i danh
sch bn ghi ngun ca router

10.3 Cc quy tc chuyn tip ngun MLDv2 c th

Khi mt router multicast nhn c mt gi d liu t mt ngun no c ch l mt a ch

multicast c th, router phi quyt nh c chuyn tip gi d liu ny sang lin kt c kt ni hay
khng. Giao thc nh tuyn multicast c s dng iu phi quyt nh ny, v s s dng cc
thng tin MLDv2 m bo rng tt c cc ngun/ cc a ch multicast m c i tng nghe trn
mt lin kt u c chuyn tip sang lin kt . Cc thng tin MLDv2 khng ph nh cc thng tin
nh tuyn multicast, v d, nu ch lc MLDv2 cho mt a ch multicast l EXCLUDE, router c th
vn chuyn tip cc gi tin c ngun c loi tr ny sang lin kt.

Bng sau m t cc khuyn ngh chuyn tip c to bi MLDv2 ti giao thc nh tuyn cho cc lu
lng c khi to t mt ngun c ch l mt a ch multicast. y cng l tng hp cc hnh

42
 TCVN xxxx:2016
ng din ra khi kt thc b m thi gian ngun da trn ch lc ca router ca mt a ch
multicast.

Ch lc ca router Gi tr b m thi gian Hnh ng / khuyn ngh

cho ngun
----------------------------- ------------------------------- -----------------------------------

INCLUDE B m thi gian > 0 ngh chuyn tip lu tng t ngun

INCLUDE B m thi gian == 0 ngh dng chuyn tip lu lng t ngun v

xa b bn ghi ngun. Nu khng c bn ghi
ngun no, th xa Multicast Address Record

EXCLUDE B m thi gian > 0 ngh chuyn tip lu lng t ngun

EXCLUDE B m thi gian == 0 ngh khng chuyn tip lu lng t ngun.

Chuyn ngun t danh sch c yu cu sang
danh sch EXCLUDE (khng xa bn ghi ngun)

EXCLUDE Khng c ngun no ngh chuyn tip lu lng t tt c cc ngun

10.4 X l khi nhn bn tin Report

Khi nhn c bn tin Report MLD, router s kim tra: a ch ngun ca bn tin c phi a ch link-
local hp l, trng Hop Limit c c thit lp bng 1, v ty chn Router Alert c xut hin trong
mo u Hop-by-Hop Options ca gi tin IPv6 hay khng. Nu bt k kim tra no b li, th gi tin s b
b qua. Nu tnh hp l ca bn tin MLD c xc minh, router s bt u x l bn tin Report.

10.4.1 Khi nhn cc Current State Record

Khi nhn c cc Current State Record, router cp nht c b m thi gian cho ch lc v b
m thi gian cho ngun ca n. Trong mt s trng hp, vic nhn c mt loi Multicast Address
Record s lm thay i ch lc ca router cho mt a ch multicast. Bng di y m t cc hnh
ng xy ra vi trng thi ca router khi nhn c Current State Record, bao gm c trng thi v
cc b m thi gian.

Nu router trong ch lc INCLUDE cho mt a ch multicast, k hiu INCLUDE (A) s c s

dng, trong A biu hin danh sch INCLUDE c lin quan. Nu router trong ch EXCLUDE
cho mt a ch multicast c th th s dng k hiu EXCLUDE (X,Y), trong X th hin danh sch
c yu cu v Y th hin danh sch EXCLUDE c lin quan.

Trong phn hnh ng ca bng trng thi router, th k hiu (A)=J c ngha l tp hp A ca cc
bn ghi ngun s c b m thi gian cho ngun c thit lp bng gi tr J. Xa A c ngha rng
tp hp A cc bn ghi ngun s c xa. B m thi gian cho ch lc = J c ngha rng gi tr
ca b m thi gian cho ch lc i vi a ch multicast s c thit lp bng gi tr J.
43
TCVN xxxx:2016
Trng thi router Bn tin Report nhn c Trng thi router mi Hnh ng
----------------------- ----------------------------------- ----------------------------- ---------------
INCLUDE (A) IS_IN (B) INCLUDE (A+B) (B)=MALI

INCLUDE (A) IS_EX (B) EXCLUDE (A*B, B-A) (B-A)=0

Xa (A-B)

B m thi gian cho ch

lc = MALI

EXCLUDE (X,Y) IS_IN (A) EXCLUDE (X+A, Y-A) (A) = MALI

EXCLUDE (X,Y) IS_EX (A) EXCLUDE (A-Y,Y*A) (A X Y) = MALI

Xa (X-A)

Xa (Y-A)

B m thi gian cho ch

lc = MALI

10.4.2 Khi nhn cc Filter Mode Change Record v Source List Change Record
Khi c mt thay i trong trng thi ton cc ca a ch multicast xy ra ti 1 nt, nt ny s gi i
Source List Change Record hoc l Filter Mode Change Record cho a ch multicast . i vi cc
Current State Record, cc router phi x l c cc bn ghi ny v thay i trng thi ca chnh
chng phn hi li trng thi nghe mi ca lin kt.

Cc Querier phi truy vn cc ngun hoc cc a ch multicast m khng cn c yu cu chuyn

tip na. Khi router gi hoc nhn mt bn tin Query cho mt tp hp c th cc ngun, n gim b
m thi gian ngun ca mnh cho cc a ch ti mt gi tr thi gian bng LLQT theo n v mili-
giy. Nu cc Multicast Address Record nhn c phn hi li cc bn tin Query cho vic nghe
cc ngun c truy vn, th cc b m thi gian tng ng s c cp nht.

Cc bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query cng c th c s dng cho php router chuyn i
nhanh chng t ch EXCLUDE sang ch INCLUDE, trong trng hp nhn c mt Multicast
Address Record yu cu vic chuyn i ny. B m thi gian cho ch lc i vi a ch multicast
c lm gim n mt gi tr bng LLQT theo mili-giy. Nu nhn c bt k Multicast Address
Record no c ch EXCLUDE mong mun nghe a ch multicast trn trong khong thi gian ny,
th b m thi gian cho ch lc s c cp nht v yu cu giao thc nh tuyn chuyn tip a
ch multicast m khng gp bt k gin on no. Nu khng, router s chuyn sang ch INCLUDE
cho a ch multicast .

Trong sut LLQT (theo mili-giy), router MLD tip tc yu cu giao thc nh tuyn chuyn tip lu
lng t nhng a ch multicast hoc nhng ngun c truy vn. Router s khng thc hin vic

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ny nu sau LLQT theo milli-giy m khng nhn c mt bn ghi no th hin mi quan tm n a
ch hoc cc ngun c truy vn, sau router c th loi b a ch multicast hoc cc ngun ny
khi lin kt.

Bng di y m t cc thay i trong trng thi a ch multicast v cc hnh ng xy ra khi nhn

c cc Filter Mode Change hoc Source List Change Record. Bng ny cng m t cc bn tin
Query c gi bi Querier khi mt bn tin Report c th nhn c.

Cc bn tin Query gi i c biu din bng cc k hiu. K hiu Q(MA) m t vic gi bn tin
Multicast Address Specific Query ti mt a ch multicast MA. K hiu Q(MA,A) m t vic gi bn
tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query ti a ch multicast MA vi danh sch ngun A. Nu
danh sch ngun A khng cha ngun no v mt hnh ng no (v d A*B) th khng c bn tin
Query no c gi.

duy tr tnh n nh ca giao thc, cc bn tin Query c nh ngha trong ct hnh ng ca bng
sau cn c truyn trong [LLQC] ln mi bn tin c gi i sau mi khong thi gian bng [LLQI].

Nu trong khi lp lch cho cc bn tin Query mi, tn ti cc bn tin Query ang ch ch c gi
cho cng 1 a ch multicast, th cc bn tin Query mi v cc bn tin Query ang c ch s c
gp li. Ngoi ra, cc bn tin Report ca host nhn c cho mt a ch multicast c cc bn tin Query
ang trng thi ch c th nh hng ti ni dung ca cc bn tin Query . Phn 10.6.3 m t tin
trnh xy dng v duy tr trng thi ca cc bn tin Query ang ch.

Trng thi router Bn tin Report nhn c Trng thi router Hnh ng
---------------------- ----------------------------------- mi ---------------
----------------------------
INCLUDE (A) CHO PHP (B) INCLUDE (A+B) (B)= MALI
INCLUDE (A) CHN (B) INCLUDE (A) Gi i Q(MA,A*B)
INCLUDE (A) TO_EX (B) EXCLUDE (A*B,B- (B-A) = 0
A) Xa (A-B)
Gi i Q(MA,A*B)
B m thi gian cho ch
lc = MALI
INCLUDE (A) TO_IN INCLUDE (A+B) (B) = MALI
Gi i Q (MA,A-B)
EXCLUDE (X,Y) CHO PHP (A) EXCLUDE(X+A,Y-A) (A)= MALI
EXCLUDE (X,Y) CHN (A) EXCLUDE (X+(A-Y), (A-X-Y) = b m thi gian
Y) cho ch lc
Gi i Q(MA,A-Y)
EXCLUDE (X,Y) TO_EX (A) EXCLUDE (A- (A-X-Y) = b m thi gian
Y,Y*A) cho ch lc
Xa (X-A)

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TCVN xxxx:2016
Xa (Y-A)
Gi i Q(MA,A-Y)
B m thi gian cho ch
lc = MALI
EXCLUDE (X,Y) TO_IN (A) EXCLUDE (X+A,Y- (A)=MALI
A) Gi i Q(MA,X-A)
Gi i Q(MA)

10.5 Chuyn i cc ch lc ca router

B m thi gian cho ch lc c s dng nh mt c ch cho vic chuyn i ch lc ca

router t EXCLUDE sang INCLUDE

Khi b m thi gian cho ch lc EXCLUDE ca router kt thc, router gi nh rng khng c nt
no c ch lc EXCLUDE hin din trong lin kt c kt ni. Do , router chuyn sang ch
lc INCLUDE vi a ch multicast.

Mt router s dng cc ngun trong danh sch c yu cu lm trng thi ca n cho vic chuyn
sang ch lc INCLUDE. Cc ngun trong danh sch c yu cu c chuyn sang danh sch
INCLUDE, trong khi cc ngun trong danh sch EXCLUDE b xa b. V d, nu trng thi ca router
cho mt a ch multicast l EXCLUDE(X,Y) v b m thi gian cho ch lc i vi a ch multicast
kt thc, router s chuyn sang ch lc INCLUDE vi trng thi INCLUDE(X). Nu ti thi im
chuyn i danh sch c yu cu (X) l rng, Multicast Address Record s b xa khi router.

10.6 Cc x l khi nhn bn tin Query

Khi nhn c mt bn tin Query, router kim tra a ch ngun ca bn tin c phi l mt a ch link-
local hp l, trng Hop Limit c c thit lp bng 1, v ty chn Router Alert c xut hin trong
mo u Hop-by-Hop Options ca gi tin IPv6 hay khng. Nu bt k kim tra no c li, gi tin s
c loi b. Nu tnh hp l c xc minh, router s bt u x l bn tin Query.

10.6.1 Cp nht b m thi gian

MLDv2 s dng c S (chn x l pha router) m bo tnh n nh nh c gii thch trong phn
5.1. Khi mt router gi i hoc nhn mt bn tin Query c c S r rng, n phi cp nht b m thi
gian ca mnh phn hi li gi tr kt thc chnh xc cho a ch multicast v ngun ang c truy
vn. Bng tip theo m t cc x l ca b m thi gian khi gi v nhn mt bn tin Multicast Address
Specific Query hoc bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query vi c S khng c thit
lp.

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 TCVN xxxx:2016
Truy vn X l
----------- --------

Q(MA,A) B m thi gian ngun cho cc ngun trong A c h thp v LLQT

Q(MA) B m thi gian cho ch lc c h v LLQT

Khi mt router gi v nhn mt bn tin Query vi c S c thit lp, n s khng cp nht b m

thi gian ca mnh.

10.6.2 Bu chn Querier

MLDv2 la chn mt router duy nht cho tng mng con trong trng thi Querier; tt c cc router
khc trong mng con s trng thi non-Querier. MLDv2 s dng c ch bu chn Querier da trn
a ch IPv6 ging nh MLDv1. Khi mt router bt u hot ng trong mt min mng, theo mc nh
n s xem mnh nh mt Querier. Do , n s gi i nhiu bn tin General Query cch nhau mt
khong thi gian nh (xem phn 12.6 v 12.7)

Khi mt router nhn mt bn tin Query c a ch IPv6 thp hn a ch IPv6 ca n, n thit lp b m

thi gian hin th Querier khc thnh mt gi tr c gi l thi gian kt thc hin th Querier khc; nu
trc router trng thi Querier, n s chuyn sang trng thi non-Querier v ngng gi cc bn
tin Query trn lin kt ny. Sau khi b m thi gian hin th Querier khc kt thc, n s tr li trng
thi Querier v bt u gi i cc bn tin General Query.

Tt c cc bn tin Query MLDv2 PHI c gi vi tin t a ch ngun link-local FE80::/64. Do ,

vi mc ch bu chn Querier MLDv2, a ch IPv6 A c xem nh l thp hn a ch IPv6 B nu ID
giao din a ch A (tng trng bi 64 bt cui ca a ch A) l thp hn ID giao a ch B (64 bit cui
ca a ch B).

10.6.3 Thit lp v gi i cc bn tin Query c th

10.6.3.1 Thit lp v gi i cc bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query
Khi xut hin mt hnh ng gi Q(MA), b m thi gian cho ch lc ca router phi c h
thp v gi tr LLQT. Querier ngay sau s gi i mt bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query v lp
lch truyn li [LLQC -1] bn tin Query, mi bn tin c gi i sau mi khong thi gian bng [LLQI],
trong thi gian [LLQT].

Khi pht i mt bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query, nu gi tr ca b m thi gian cho ch
lc ln hn LLQT, th c S c thit lp trong bn bn tin Query

10.6.3.2 Thit lp v gi i cc bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query

Khi mt Querier pht hin hnh ng gi Q(MA,X) nh trong bng phn 10.4.2, cc x l sau y
phi c thc hin i vi mi ngun trong X gi i a ch multicast MA, c b m thi gian cho
ngun ln hn LLQT:

Gim thi gian b m thi gian cho ngun bng LLQT;

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TCVN xxxx:2016
Thm cc ngun vo danh sch truyn li;

Thit lp b m cho vic truyn li ngun i vi tng ngun bng [LLQC]

Querier sau phi ngay lp tc gi i bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query cng nh
lp lch truyn li [LLQC -1] bn tin Query, mi bn tin c gi i sau mi khong thi gian bng
[LLQI], trong thi gian [LLQT]. Ni dung ca cc bn tin Query ny c tnh ton nh sau:

Khi thit lp bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query cho a ch multicast MA, hai bn tin
Query ring bit c gi i cho a ch multicast ny. Bn tin Query u tin c bit S c thit lp v
cha tt c cc ngun c trng thi truyn li (tc l cc ngun t danh sch truyn li ca a ch
multicast), v b m thi gian ln hn LLQT. Bn tin Query th 2 c bit S khng c thit lp v
cha cc a ch ngun c trng thi truyn li v b m thi gian nh hn hoc bng LLQT. Nu mt
trong hai bn tin c tnh ton khng cha bt k ngun no, th router s ngng truyn bn tin .

Ch rng: Nu mt bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query c lp lch truyn cng thi im
vi bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query cho cng a ch multicast, th vic truyn bn
tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query vi bit S c thit lp c th b chn li.

11 Tnh tng thch vi MLDv1

Cc host v router MLDv2 tng thch vi cc host v router cha c nng cp ln MLDv2. Tnh
tng thch ny c duy tr do cc host v router thc hin cc x l thch hp ph thuc vo phin
bn ca MLD ang hot ng trn cc host v router trong mng.

11.1 S khc bit v phin bn ca bn tin Query

Phin bn MLD ca bn tin Query c xc nh nh sau:

Bn tin Query MLDv1: di = 24 octet
Bn tin Query MLDv2: di >= 28 octet
Bn tin Query khng ph hp vi cc iu kin trn (v d bn tin Query c di 26 octet) PHI
c t ng b qua.

11.2 Cch x l ca i tng nghe a ch multicast

11.2.1 Trng hp c s hin din ca router MLDv1

tng thch vi cc router MLDv1, cc host MLDv2 PHI hot ng trong ch tng thch vi
phin bn 1. Cc host MLDv2 PHI gi trng thi cho tng giao din cc b trn gc quan tm n
ch tng thch ca mi lin kt c kt ni. Tnh tng thch ca host c xc nh t bin ch
tng thch host (Host Compatibility Mode) m c th l mt trong hai gi tr sau: MLDv1 hoc
MLDv2.

Ch tng thch host ca mt giao din c thit lp l MLDv1 bt c khi no mt bn tin Query
MLDv1 nhn c trn giao din . Ti cng thi im, b m thi gian th hin Querier phin bn
c cho giao din c t bng gi tr [thi gian ch cho Querier phin bn c hn] giy. B m thi

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 TCVN xxxx:2016
gian c thit lp li bt c khi no mt bn tin Query MLDv1 c nhn trn giao din . Nu b
m thi gian th hin Querier phin bn c hn kt thc, host s chuyn c sang ch tng
thch host l MLDv2.

Khi ch tng thch host l MLDv2, host hot ng bng cch s dng giao thc MLDv2 trn giao
din c thit lp. Khi ch tng thch host l MLDv1, host s dng duy nht giao thc MLDv1
trn giao din .

Querier MLDv1 s gi bn bn tin General Query c trng Maximum Response Code c t bng
tr phn hi ti a mong mun, tc l di y ca trng ny l thut ton ly tha v tuyn tnh
nh c m t trong mc 8.1.3 s khng c s dng.

Bt c khi no host thay i ch tng thch ca n, n s hy b tt c cc cc b m thi gian

truyn li v cc phn hi ang trong trng thi ch ca mnh.

11.2.2. Trng hp c s hin din ca cc i tng nghe a ch multicast MLDv1

Mt host MLDv2 c th c t trn mt lin kt c cc host MLDv1. Host ny C TH cho php bn
tin Report MLDv2 ca n c chn bi mt bn tin Report phin bn 1.

11.3 Cch x l ca router multicast

11.3.1. Trng hp c s hin din ca router MLDv1

Router MLDv2 c th c t trong mng m c t nht mt router MLDv1. Cc yu cu sau
phi c p dng:

Nu mt router MLDv1 c mt trn mt lin kt, Querier PHI s dng phin bn MLDv1 trn
mng. Cc router mong mun tng thch vi MLDv1 PHI c mt ty chn cu hnh hot
ng trong ch MLDv1; nu router MLDv1 c mt trn 1 lin kt, ngi qun tr h thng
phi cu hnh mt cch r rng tt c cc router MLDv2 hot ng trong ch MLDv1. Khi
trong ch MLDv1, Querier PHI nh k gi i cc bn tin General Query b ct b trng
Multicast Address (tc l chiu di bn tin bng 24 octet), v cng NN cnh bo nu nhn
c bn tin Query MLDv2 (cc cnh bo nh vy phi c gii hn tc ). Querier PHI
a gi tr tr phn hi ti a vo trong trng Maximum Response Code, tc l thut ton tnh
gi tr c m t trong mc 8.1.3 phi khng c s dng.

Nu mt router khng c cu hnh r rng vic s dng MLDv1 v nhn c mt bn tin

General Query MLDv1, n NN ghi li cnh bo. Nhng cnh bo ny PHI c gii hn tc
.

11.3.2. Trng hp c s hin din ca i tng nghe a ch multicast MLDv1

Router MLDv2 c th c t trong mng m cc host cha c h tr ln MLDv2. tng thch
vi cc host MLDv1, router MLDv2 PHI hot ng trong ch tng thch vi phin bn 1. Cc
router MLDv2 duy tr ch tng thch cho tng Multicast Address Record. Ch tng thch ca

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TCVN xxxx:2016
a ch multicast c xc nh t bin ch tng thch a ch multicast (Multicast Address
Compatibility Mode), c th l 1 trong 2 trng thi sau: MLDv1 hoc MLDv2.

Ch tng thch a ch multicast ca mt Multicast Address Record c thit lp l MLDv1 bt c

khi no router nhn c bn tin Report MLDv1 cho a ch multicast . Ti cng thi im, b m
thi gian biu hin host phin bn c hn cho mt a ch multicast c thit lp bng gi tr [kt thc
thi gian th hin host phin bn c hn] giy. B m thi gian ny c thit lp li khi nhn mt
bn tin Report MLDv1 mi cho a ch multicast . Nu b m thi gian biu hin host phin bn c
hn kt thc, router s chuyn ch tng thch a ch multicast thnh MLDv2 cho a ch multicast
.

Ch rng khi router chuyn ch tng thch a ch multicast thnh MLDv2 cho mt a ch
multicast, n s mt thi gian thu thp li cc thng tin trng thi v ngun c th. Cc thng tin v
ngun c th s c xc nh qua bn tin General Query tip theo, nhng cc ngun nn chn s
khng b chn cho ti [khong thi gian nghe a ch multicast] sau .

Khi ch tng thch a ch multicast l MLDv2, router hot ng bng cch s dng giao thc
MLDv2 cho a ch multicast . Khi ch tng thch a ch multicast l MLDv1, router s dch cc
bn tin MLDv1 cho a ch multicast thnh cc bn ghi MLDv2 tng ng:

Bn tin MLDv1 Bn ghi MLDv2 tng ng

------------------- -----------------------------------
Report IS_EX ( { } )
Done TO_IN ( { } )

Cc bn tin mang bn ghi BLOCK MLDv2 c b qua, v l danh sch ngun trong cc bn tin cha
bn ghi TO_EX () (tc l cc bn ghi TO_EX () c i x nh l TO_EX ( { } )). Mt khc, Querier
tip tc gi cc bn tin Query MLDv2 bt k ch tng thch a ch multicast ca n.

12 Danh sch cc b m thi gian, b m v gi tr mc nh ca chng

Hu ht cc b m thi gian ny u c th cu hnh c. Nu khng s dng gi tr mc nh, th

gi tr cc b m ny phi thng nht gia tt c cc nt trn mt lin kt.

12.1 Bin Robustness

Bin Robustness cho php hiu chnh s gi tin c th b mt c d on trc trn mt lin kt.
Nu mt lin kt c d on l c mt gi, gi tr ca bin Robustness c th c tng ln. MLD l
n nh vi [bin Robustness] -1 gi tin mt. Gi tr ca bin Robustness KHNG C c bng 0,
v KHNG NN bng 1. Gi tr mc nh : 2.

12.2 Khong thi gian truy vn

Khong thi gian truy vn quy nh khong thi gian gia cc bn tin General Query c Querier gi
i. Gi tr mc nh: 125 giy.

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 TCVN xxxx:2016
Bng cch thay i [khong thi gian truy vn], ngi qun tr c th hiu chnh s lng bn tin MLD
trn lin kt; gi tr ny cng ln s lm cho cc bn tin Query MLD c gi t thng xuyn hn.

12.3 Khong thi gian phn hi truy vn

Tr phn hi ti a c s dng tnh ton trng Maximum Response Code trong cc bn tin
General Query nh k. Gi tr mc nh l 10 giy.

Bng cch thay i [khong thi gian phn hi truy vn], ngi qun tr c th hiu chnh s bng pht
ca cc bn tin MLD trn lin kt; gi tr cng ln lm cho lu lng cng t bng pht, v cc phn hi
host c dn tri trong mt khong thi gian ln hn. Thi gian (theo giy) ca [khong thi gian
phn hi truy vn] phi nh hn [khong thi gian truy vn].

12.4 Khong thi gian lng nghe a ch multicast

Khong thi gian lng nghe a ch multicast (MALI) l khong thi gian trc khi mt router multicast
quyt nh khng cn i tng nghe cho mt a ch multicast hoc mt ngun c th no na trn
mt lin kt. Gi tr ny PHI bng:

([bin Robustness] X [khong thi gian truy vn]) + [khong thi gian phn hi truy vn].

12.5 Khong thi gian hin din Querier khc

Khong thi gian hin din Querier khc l tng thi gian trc khi mt router multicast quyt nh
khng cn router multicast khc trng thi Querier. Gi tr mc nh PHI bng:

([bin Robustness] X [khong thi gian truy vn]) + 1/2 [khong thi gian phn hi truy vn].

12.6 Khong thi gian truy vn khi khi ng

Khong thi gian truy vn khi khi ng l thi gian gia cc bn tin General Query c gi bi
Querier khi khi ng. Gi tr mc nh: [khong thi gian truy vn].

12.7 S lng truy vn khi khi ng

S lng truy vn khi khi ng l s cc bn tin Query c gi i khi khi ng v cch nhau bi
[khong thi gian truy vn khi khi ng]. Gi tr mc nh: [bin Robustness].

12.8 Khong thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng

Khong thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng (gi tt l LLQI) l tr phn hi ti a c s
dng tnh ton trng Maximum Response Code trong cc bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query
gi i hi p li cc bn tin Done phin bn 1. cng l tr phn hi ti a c s dng tnh
ton trng Maximum Response Code trong bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query. Gi
tr mc nh: 1000 (1 giy).

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Ch rng vi cc gi tr LLQI ln hn 32.768 giy, c th c th hin bng mt tp hu hn cc
gi tr tng ng vi cc gi tr lin tip ca trng Maximum Response Code. Khi chuyn i thi
gian c cu hnh sang gi tr trng Maximum Response Code, th khuyn ngh s dng gi tr
chnh xc nu c th, hoc gi tr nh hn tip theo nu gi tr c yu cu khng th th hin mt
cch chnh xc.

Gi tr ny c th c hiu chnh thay i tr ri nhm ca lin kt. Gi tr ny cng nh s cng

lm gim thi gian pht hin s ri i ca i tng nghe cui cng cho mt a ch multicast hoc
ngun.

12.9 S lng truy vn i tng nghe cui cng

S lng truy vn i tng nghe cui cng (vit tt l LLQC) l s bn tin Multicast Address Specific
Query c gi i trc khi router gi nh rng khng cn i tng nghe cc b no. LLQC cng l
s lng bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query c gi i trc khi router gi nh
rng khng cn i tng nghe no i vi mt ngun c th. Gi tr mc nh: bng gi tr [bin
Robustness].

12.10 Thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng

Thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng (vit tt l LLQT) l gi tr thi gian c th hin bng:

[LLQI] X [LLQC].

y khng phi l gi tr c th thay i c, nhng vn c th c hiu chnh bng cch thay i

cc thnh phn ca n.

12.11 Khong thi gian bo co khng theo thm d

Khong thi gian bo co khng theo thm d l thi gian gia cc bn tin pht li ca bn tin Report
ban u ban u m mt nt th hin mi quan tm ti mt a ch multicast. Gi tr mc nh: 1 giy.

12.12 Thi gian ch cho Querier phin bn c hn

Thi gian ch cho Querier phin bn c hn l khong thi gian ch cho vic chuyn trng thi ca
mt host ngc li ch tng thch host MLDv2. Khi nhn c mt bn tin Query MLDv1, cc host
MLDv2 phi thit lp b m thi gian cho Querier phin bn 1 v gi tr [thi gian ch cho Querier
phin bn c hn].

Gi tr ny PHI bng: [bin Robustness] X [khong thi gian truy vn] + ([khong thi gian phn hi
truy vn]).

Trong , gi tr [khong thi gian truy vn] l gi tr c trong bn tin Query cui cng nhn c.

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 TCVN xxxx:2016
12.13 Khong thi gian ch cho host phin bn c hn

Khong thi gian ch cho host phin bn c hn l thi gian ch cho vic chuyn trng thi router
ngc li ch tng thch a ch multicast MLDv2 cho mt a ch multicast c th. Khi nhn c
mt bn tin Report MLDv1 cho a ch multicast , router thit lp b m thi gian host phin bn 1
thnh gi tr [khong thi gian ch cho host phin bn c hn].

Gi tr ny PHI bng ([bin Robustness] X [khong thi gian truy vn]) + ([khong thi gian phn hi
truy vn])

12.14 Cu hnh cc b m thi gian

Phn ny a ra cc li khuyn cho cc nh qun tr mng v vic lm sao hiu chnh cc ci t

cu hnh cho mng ca ngi qun tr. Nhng thc thi ca router c th hiu chnh cc ci t ny mt
cch linh ng da trn vic thay i cc thuc tnh c trng ca tng mng.

12.14.1 Bin Robustness

Bin Robustness cho php hiu chnh s gi tin c th b mt c c lng trn mt lin kt.
MLDv2 l n nh vi gi tr [bin Robustness]-1 gi tin b mt, v d, nu bin Robustness c thit
lp v gi tr mc nh bng 2, MLDv2 l n nh vi mt gi duy nht b mt nhng c th hot ng
khng hon ho nu c nhiu mt gi xy ra. Trn cc lin kt c mt gi, gi tr ca bin Robustness
s c tng ln cho php c lng mt gi c th xy ra. Tuy nhin, vic tng gi tr bin
Robustness ny cng lm tng tr ri nhm ca mt lin kt (thi gian gia thi im i tng nghe
cui cng ngng theo di mt ngun hoc mt a ch v thi im lu lng ngng chuyn tip).

12.14.2 Khong thi gian truy vn

Tng lu lng MLD theo nh k l t l nghch vi khong thi gian truy vn. Khong thi gian truy
vn cng lu dn ti tng lu lng MLD cng thp. Gi tr ca khong thi gian truy vn PHI ln
hn hoc bng tr phn hi ti a c s dng tnh ton trng Maximum Respond Code trong
cc bn tin General Query.

12.14.3 Tr phn hi ti a
Tnh n nh ca lu lng MLD l t l nghch vi tr phn hi ti a. Gi tr tr phn hi ti a cng
lu s dn tri bn tin Report trong mt khong thi gian cng lu. Tuy nhin, tr phn hi ti a cng
lu trong cc bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query v bn tin Multicast Address and Source
Specific Query s m rng tr ri nhm (thi gian gia thi im i tng nghe cui cng ngng theo
di mt ngun hay mt a ch multicast v thi im lu lng ngng chuyn tip). Tc d kin
ca cc bn tin Report c th c tnh ton bng cch chia gi tr tr phn hi ti a cho s lng i
tng bo co c c lng. Tr phn hi ti a c th c tnh ton mt cch linh ng cho tng
bn tin Query bng cch s dng s lng i tng bo co c d kin nh sau:

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Loi bn tin Query S lng bn tin Report c d kin

------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------

Bn tin General Query Tt c cc nt trn lin kt

Bn tin Multicast Address Specific Query Tt c cc nt trn lin kt th hin mi quan tm ti a

ch multicast

Bn tin Multicast Address and Source Tt c cc nt trn lin kt th hin mi quan tm ti

Specific Query ngun v a ch multicast

13 Cc vn an ton bo mt

Di y l cc trng hp khc nhau ca tng loi bn tin b gi mo. Ch rng trc khi x l mt
bn tin MLD, nt s xc minh rng a ch ngun ca bn tin c phi mt a ch link-local hp l khng,
trng Hop Limit c c thit lp bng 1 khng, v ty chn Router Alert c c th hin trong mo
u Hop-by-Hop Options ca gi tin IPv6 khng. Nu bt k kim tra no trong cc kim tra ny xy ra
li, gi tin s b loi b. iu ny bo v nt MLDv2 khi hot ng trn cc bn tin MLD b gi mo c
ngun gc off-link. Do phn tip theo ch cp ti cc nh hng ca gi mo on-link.

13.1 Bn tin Query

Bn tin Query b gi mo t mt my vi a ch IPv6 thp hn so vi Querier hin ti s lm cho

nhim v Querier c ch nh cho i tng gi mo. Nu sau i tng gi mo khng gi i
bt k bn tin Query no, b m thi gian cho Querier khc ca cc router khc s kt thc v mt
router s tip tc vai tr Querier. Trong sut thi gian ny, nu Querier b qua cc bn tin Done, lu
lng c th s chuyn sang nhng a ch multicast khng c i tng nghe trong thi gian ln n
[khong thi gian i tng nghe a ch multicast].

Bn tin Query phin bn 1 b gi mo s t cc i tng nghe MLDv2 trn lin kt sang ch

tng thch host MLDv1. Kch bn ny c th c trnh bng cch s dng cc host MLDv2 c ty
chn cu hnh b qua cc bn tin phin bn 1 mt cch hon ton.

Mt tn cng DoS trn mt nt c th c tin hnh thng qua cc bn tin Multicast Address and
Source Specific Query b gi mo. K tn cng c th tm ra trng thi nghe ca mt nt c th vi mt
bn tin General Query. Sau , chng c th gi i mt lng ln cc bn tin Multicast Address and
Source Specific Query, mi bn tin ny c mt danh sch ngun ln hoc/ v tr phn hi ti a di.
Mi nt s phi cha v duy tr cc ngun c quy nh trong tt c cc bn tin Query cho ti khi
chng gi i cc phn hi c lm tr. iu ny c th tiu tn c v b nh v CPU khi ghi li cc
ngun trong danh sch ngun ca cc bn tin Query thnh cng.

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bo v li cc tn cng DoS nh vy, vic thc thi ngn xp nt s gii hn s lng bn tin
Multicast Address and Source Specific Query cho tng a ch multicast trong khong thi gian ny,
v/hoc ch ghi li mt s hu hn cc ngun.

13.2 Cc bn tin Current State Report

Bn tin Report b gi mo lm cho cc router multicast ngh rng c cc i tng nghe mt a ch

multicast trn mt lin kt trong khi khng tn ti i tng no. Tuy nhin, v vic nghe mt a ch
multicast trn mt host l mt hnh ng khng cn cp quyn, nn ngi s dng c th t c
cc kt qu tng t m khng gi mo bt k bn tin no.

Bn tin Report phin bn 1 b gi mo c th t router vo trong ch tng thch a ch multicast

MLDv1 cho mt a ch multicast c th, ngha l router s b qua cc bn tin trng thi ngun c th
MLDv2. iu ny c th lm cho lu lng chuyn t nhng ngun khng mong mun trong thi gian
ln n [khong thi gian i tng nghe a ch multicast]. iu ny c th c gii quyt bng cch
thit lp cc router c mt cu hnh chuyn mch cho php b qua cc bn tin phin bn 1 mt cch
hon ton. iu ny ph v tnh tng thch t ng vi cc host phin bn 1, nn n s ch c s
dng trong trng hp vic lc ngun l cn thit.

13.3 Bn tin State Change Report

Bn tin State Change Report b gi mo s lm cho Querier gi i cc bn tin Multicast Address

Specific Query v bn tin Multicast Address and Source Specific Query cho mt ngun nht nh di
dng hi p. iu ny gy ra nhng x l b sung trn mi router v trn mi i tng nghe ca a
ch multicast nhng khng th gy ra mt lu lng mong mun.

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Ph lc A

(Quy nh)

L do thit k cn bn

A.1. S cn thit ca cc bn tin thay i trng thi

MLDv2 ch r 2 loi bn tin Report: bn tin Current State Report v bn tin State Change Report. Phn
ny m t l do cn bn cho s cn thit ca c hai loi bn tin Report trn.

Router cn phn bit cc bn tin Report c s dng cho vic phn hi li cc bn tin Query cho vic
thay i trng thi ca tng giao din. Cc bn tin Report c s dng ch yu lm mi li trng
thi ang tn ti ca router, th khng gy ra s chuyn i trng thi ti cc router. Cc bn tin Report
c gi phn hi cc thay i trong trng thi tng giao din, th yu cu router c cc x l hi
p li bn tin Report nhn (xem phn 7.4).

Vic khng c kh nng phn bit gia hai loi bn tin Report s lm cho router x l tt c cc bn tin
Report ging nh cc thay i c kh nng xy ra trong trng thi v c th lm tng thm cc x l ti
router cng nh lm tng lu lng MLD trn lin kt.

A.2. Vic ngn chn host

Trong MLDv1, mt host s khng gi i bn tin Report ang trng thi ch nu mt bn tin tng t
c gi i bi mt i tng nghe khc trn lin kt. Trong MLDv2, vic ngn chn cc bn tin
Report b g b. Cc sau gii thch r rng tnh nng ny.

1. Cc router c th mun theo di trng thi i tng nghe multicast theo tng host trn mt
giao din. iu ny s cho php router thc thi tnh nng ri nhm nhanh (v d, cho c ch
iu khin tc nghn multicast c phn tng), cng nh theo di trng thi i tng nghe
cho cc mc ch bo mt hoc thng k. Tiu chun hin ti khng yu cu router thc thi vic
theo di tng host. Tuy nhin, vic khng ngn chn cc thng bo t host trong MLDv2 to ra
kh nng thc thi quyn s hu hoc cc cch x l chnh xc trong tng lai ca router (khi
, router c kh nng h tr tnh nng theo di tng host), trong khi tng tc vi cc i
tng nghe v router MLDv2 ang thc thi tiu chun ny ny.

2. Vic ngn chn bn tin Report khng hot ng trn mng LAN c bc cu (bridged LAN).
Nhiu thit b bc cu hoc cc b chuyn mch tng 2/ tng 3 thc thi MLD snooping khng
chuyn tip cc bn tin MLD qua cc phn t LAN hn ch vic ngn chn bo co i
tng multicast.

3. Vic chm dt ngn chn bn tin Report khin host phi x l t bn tin hn; iu ny dn ti
vic my thc thi c trng thi n gin hn.

4. Trong MLDv2, mt bn tin Report n l gp nhiu Multicast Address Record gim s lng
gi tin gi i. so snh, phin bn MLDv1 yu cu rng mi a ch multicast c bo co
trong mt bn tin ring r.

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A.3. Chuyn ch lc ca router t EXCLUDE sang INCLUDE
Nu trn mt lin kt c cc nt cc ch EXCLUDE v INCLUDE vi mt a ch multicast c
lp, router phi ch EXCLUDE (mc 7.2.1). Trong ch EXCLUDE, router chuyn tip lu
lng t cc ngun nm ngoi danh sch EXCLUDE. Nu tt c cc nt trong ch EXCLUDE dng
nghe hoc khng cn kh dng, router phi c chuyn ngc v ch INCLUDE mt cch lin
mch, m lu lng ti cc i tng nghe ang tn ti khng b gin on.

Mt trong nhiu phng n thc thi iu ny l cho php cc router theo di tt cc ngun m cc
nt ang trong ch INCLUDE ang nghe, ngay c khi router trong ch EXCLUDE. Nu b
m thi gian cho ch lc cho mt a ch multicast kt thc (tc l khng cn nt no trong ch
EXCLUDE trn lin kt) th sau router s chuyn sang ch INCLUDE mt cch lin mch; cc
ngun t danh sch c yu cu s chuyn sang danh sch INCLUDE, trong khi cc ngun trong
danh sch EXCLUDE s b xa b.

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Ph lc B

(Tham kho)

Bng i chiu ni dung tng ng ca TCVN v ti liu RFC 3810

TCVN Ti liu RFC 3810

1 Phm vi p dng

2 Ti liu vin dn

3 Thut ng v nh ngha

4 Ch vit tt

5 Tng quan giao thc Section 2

5.1 Thit lp trng thi nghe multicast trn cc i tng nghe

Section 2.1
a ch multicast

5.2 Vic trao i cc bn tin gia Querier v cc nt nghe Section 2.2

5.3 Thit lp trng thi i tng nghe a ch multicast trn

Section 2.3
router multicast

6 Giao din dch v cho vic yu cu nhn IP Multicast Section 3

7 Trng thi nghe multicast c duy tr bi cc nt Section 4

7.1 Trng thi tng socket Section 4.1

7.2 Trng thi tng giao din Section 4.2

8 Cc nh dng bn tin Section 5

8.1 Bn tin Multicast Listener Query Section 5.1

8.2 Bn Tin Multicast Listener Report Section 5.2

9 M t giao thc i vi cc i tng nghe a ch

Section 6
multicast

9.1 X l theo s thay i ca trng thi tng giao din Section 6.1

9.2 X l khi nhn bn tin Query Section 6.2

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9.3 X l khi b m thi gian kt thc Section 6.3

10 Cc m t ca giao thc cho router multicast Section 7

10.1 Cc iu kin cho nhng bn tin Query Section 7.1

10.2 Trng thi MLD c duy tr bi cc router multicast Section 7.2

10.3 Cc quy tc chuyn tip ngun MLD c th Section 7.3

10.4 X l khi tip nhn bn tin Report Section 7.4

10.5 Chuyn sang cc ch lc router Section 7.5

10.6 Hnh ng khi tip nhn bn tin Query Section 7.6

11 Tnh tng thch vi MLDv1 Section 8

11.1 S khc bit v phin bn ca bn tin Query Section 8.1

11.2 Cch x l ca i tng nghe a ch multicast Section 8.2

11.3 Cch x l ca router multicast Section 8.3

12 Danh sch cc b m thi gian, b m v gi tr mc nh

Section 9
ca chng

12.1 Bin Robustness Section 9.1

12.2 Khong thi gian truy vn Section 9.2

12.3 Khong thi gian phn hi truy vn Section 9.3

12.4 Khong thi gian lng nghe a ch multicast Section 9.4

12.5 Khong thi gian hin din Querier khc Section 9.5

12.6 Khong thi gian truy vn khi khi ng Section 9.6

12.7 S lng truy vn khi khi ng Section 9.7

12.8 Khong thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng (LLQI) Section 9.8

12.9 S lng truy vn i tng nghe cui cng (LLQC) Section 9.9

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12.10 Thi gian truy vn i tng nghe cui cng (LLQT) Section 9.10

12.11 Khong thi gian bo co khng theo thm d Section 9.11

12.12 Thi gian ch ca Querier phin bn c hn Section 9.12

12.13 Khong thi gian ch host phin bn c hn Section 9.13

12.14 Cu hnh cc b m thi gian Section 9.14

13 Cc vn bo mt Section 10

13.1 Bn tin Query Section 10.1

13.2 Cc bn tin Current State Report Section 10.2

13.3 Cc bn tin State Change Report Section 10.3

Ph lc A (quy nh) APPENDIX A

Ph lc B (tham kho)

Th mc ti liu tham kho

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Th mc ti liu tham kho

[1] RFC 3810 Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6.

[2] RFC 2710 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6.

[3] RFC 4443 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6
(IPv6) Specification.

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