Chromatin

> Consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bound to proteins ( found in the

nucleus).
>During cell division, it condenses to form distinct threadlike structures called
chromosomes.

Cytoplasm
> site for most of the chemical activities of the cell.

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

>flatten membrane bound structures.
> The outer surface of the RER is continous with the nuclear membrane and it is
covered with ribosomes
> it transports the proteins made by ribosomes to the golgi apparatus for secretion
out of the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER)

> it is more tubular in structure and attached to the RER
> it doesn't have ribosomes attached to it.
> The SER synthesis substances like fats and steriods
> It is also involved in the process of detoxification by converting harmful
substances into harmless substances.

Golgi Apparatus
> Appears as a stack of flattened spaces surrounded by membranes.
> Vesicles tend to fuse at one side pf the Golgi apparatus and pinch off from the
opposite side.
> It stores and modifies substances produced by the ER
> It packages substances in vesicles and secretes them out of the cell.

Mitochodiria
- The power House of the cells
- it converts oxygen and nutrients into energy thourgh cellular repiration.

Nucleus
-Coordinates the cell's activities,Which include growth, metabolic reactions, photo
synthesis and reproduction (cell division)
- Stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA
- It consists of nuclear enevelope which encloses the nucleoplasm and DNA

Plasma Membrane
- it is also called cell surface membrane
- It is lipid bilayer and may have proteins embedded in it
-It is partially permeable membrane
- it regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and
support.

Protoplasm
- It consists of plasma membrane, cyctoplasm and nucleus.
- It consists of about 70% to 90% water with dissolved substances like mineral
salts and organic compounds.

Ribosomes
- Involved in protein synthesis
- Found freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic
reticulum
- Ribosomes found free in the cytoplasm make proteins used within the cell.
-Ribosome attachrf to the RER make protiens that will be transported out of the
cell.
Vacuole
- Structure used to store materials like water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates.

kerb cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hw5nWB0xN0Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gb2EzF_XqA