Module 1.1 IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS of URBAN PLANS and DESIGNS. Denny Zukaa/Susyantoro parent of Ut an Rai Ping Sec Par acy Degree CONTENT + The aod ofimpemancason + Defssons sages scopes nd condor of inplemenason + Too for mpamencavon + Stason fr (jet) implementation + Some questions + rier for asst plaldesgn implementation 1 Manforaonoflree 1 Wy implemeracon fs? 1 Problems im ebrcemene 3 COURSE OBJECTIVES + Under he definition, scope, stages an conditions of pn Implement + Undercand he decisions making proces and numberof oat + Understand dhe problemi plneen inleenaions an hie Inuencing factors + Understand dhe conditions to improve dhe pelamance of projec HE NEED of IMPLEMENTATION + Plans and design are useless if they are not followed by forthcoming development | Involving, Taken decision = set goals = approved plan/design = taken actions ott not tn tie —EFINITIONS of IMPLEMENTATION + "The stage between a decision and operations" (ilamin Nugnod do 98) 1+ "A process of inceraction between the sexing of goals and actions to achieving them” Pennan and Wace Hood tT 198) + "The actual transformation of what has been put on paper during planning process into physialstructares, Social welfare improvements, "psn Hugo dT 1986 + “Carrying plan through ction” (ane Gate Ee 99) DECISIONS in PLANNING + “Priming decisions” are made: = inthe public sector (eg. major highway or utility locations) and * in private sector (eg. major industries, shopping centers) + including smal scale subdivision, moreage financing lot purchasing. or home building |STAGES in IMPLEMENTATION. + Create the features in the plan (highways parks, ete) + Influence the actives of the private sector so that: Unde developmen do not occ REQUIREMENTS: r IMPLEMENTATION (1) lansing/design must seek to provide the condition and mulation for the desired development + Specific conditions «cal -poiecs- comprehension tn ie tpn py eh ame + Technically possible ro pane) as politically Feasible area polican an minsrsors} (Wale 5) 6 + Ideally justifable— technically possible — legally permissible = economically viable ~ financially feasible = ‘environmentally soundisustainable~ socially and politically Acceptable ~ administratively operable ott now ei -tsamemnie 7 sos am oon atnnirens 8+ Program standards and objectives should be understood by individuals responsible for ther achleverent ogra + Coordinates development in che publi sector find ways to integrates the effects of ll tools, keeps the community abreast and involve in planning policies and implementation decision ip.) Involves participation in several types of politcal action ‘on administrate, eglslave, and citen-action levels, laws ‘must be prepared and subject to public hearings tw can "Must be based on the comprehensive plan jan cxon PES of ACTION in DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION «permis Ferre miotnre rican oe Tae teen rc + ore Progr beeen Sane stop o the vk tsb eae + seperti Saree olan xs re re «ale Mig aeen: gmc mes nem ty itinteetenraiee 10 OLS for PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Hoe 19651) a * Gremea pres (uoksercar}a Se gions cnet epee rere tae 1 roots or LAN MPLEMENTATION 2 + Land Assembly ~ Tool complement paming, rept ind prices epee evesca nd wer + Development Corporations * Projet orentd (etn renewal waerrone edelopman Indus park devlopmenc oe) + Invoke some or al of lami & design Id acqusion and + Mon difleren lel of govermens.o pupa jie 12+ Community Improvement Enhance the loca and pal quay or xing a by inpronme he quay of te bung stock and dhe psa aed tocnliesrucie sn aeniien + toes combination of oc am reption so pubic + Development Fees sts nn wa stn iting 13 + Basic financial mechanisms: “x ctr (property xe bacon) * Bongsu eel chgton ns rear or na » Smeg qd pron mip oo + Alternative financing: * Algo eners (ane ale eximaton comminity ites progam tc) + Other nnoraverechnqus (urban homestead stared nd ean Sy ck) + Public-Private Partnership te ne oon timers — 14 |UGGESTIONS for PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION, am & outers 985 () Proj shoud provide ofportunty fo progressive ‘development coil ws comprehensive seracare plan ch componan should be independently implementable, but intaprated wine ts sccbred component sce “The proces standardized co sremins inplemenacon but proves of geen oa Ineerventon coupled wih one of maser spore Proje are onaone ine cost basis wh respect to mts nee ca ties 15 {UCCESTONS lor ROHECT PLEMENTATION 2) J. Props should te coupe wih realisable recovery plans Projet pling and den shoul be cost effective 2 roecimpac should be immediately fle Lang (1996): + Explicit and clear design objectives, design principles 4nd design controls }+ Design contrat instruments should be politically and ly acceptable ome nes a tse — 16SOME QUESTIONS + Why planidesign cannot be implemented effectively? + How can performance of plans! designs/projects bbe improved? CRITERIA for ASSESSING =| PLANIDESIGN IMPLEMENTATION + Assessment needs valid criteria: ealitc measures for the achivernene of reasonable targets Problems: © amr sage cngling pros ok «= polcedmeasres without de pin Some beliefs: = What are the implications to design strategy? Mepham cater ee Week? MM HUN = menor ions — 18 MANIFESTATIONS OF FAILURES + Overemphasis on financial targets + Underspending Delays in execution High cost + Inferior construction + Low yields + Unused capacityloccupaneyituncion sts ram aot stn rais 19 HY IMPLEMENTATION FAILS? + Little control (external factors): © Civil disturbances, politcal upsets, natural calamities, + Partial influence (internal factors): * Poor financial contrat = Lack of siping * Tradequate preparatory work + Poor planningidesign: Ambitious targets * Inaccurate cost * Lack of engineering supervision © Administrative and procedural delays sts et es tmmetieraiee 20+ Different views ofthe ucure, comprehensive plan is not followed up with sound groweh management (ner (ton tier ip + Inconsistency (plan is respected ifthe politicians see it fi, disregarded f shorerange personal gan is considered paramount (ane Caen Ener 93) + Political process that permit the plan to be amended for ignored the plan Ene: Gaon Exner 193) ‘+ No schedule and instruments for development {phases infrastructre, indieation of where, how and when) (Gone Gun Ene 985) IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS (1) |General problems pana sn Gonters 98) ¢ ‘Those tha ne bon implemontd ar ficult sustain. and Excesiel igh standard wich sean ited resources + Ad oc response, or 20 abitously comprehensive Lack oftoalcapacey and fond co mista and adit projects orca ble + Subsantlincompattitey Obiecies woos rojo patie npeneon + Theoretically unfounded + Strategically and programmatically il conceived + Politically oo ambitious oF not at all + Technically wrong ett rn co -tsmenemmnreine 23 ‘+ Objections by citizen groups (ner aon Eon 985) ae a es ne a ttnmaiee 20, nts a atm 22 PROJECT FAILURES FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS CAUSING THE PROBLEMS (1) Assumption I: three dilemmas n of responsibilities: program makers are not project makers + Process vs product : + goed programs/process # good product reet activities: © highly professional vs useress » timing of project vs program“UNOMMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS CAUSNGTHE ROUEN @) Assumption 2: the need for agreements + Lack of agreement about the issues/problems vs agreement of objectives and solutions ‘> Confcing priorities, standards, objectives and values wm nese ttnetinnaiee 25) eferences: + son a 1979 hen Pine Thoy Sr Down, + are eer Grr een Ton Semgee > Reyer ey Pm Cane nope ere, + Scktontane 295 Land he Planing Md in Kgs Ro + Rc Pl aap att h ing roc onder Yn Gener Sie Sl TED ATA cp Ne SERGE ea Stes Rose genie Den Pc New ki Ne of xpence st na we satrmnromannne 27 PROBLEMS in ENFORCEMENT + Similar treatment for: * Intentional violation + Recidental violation + Obstacles, delays, legalities, and conflict in enforcement wot? nent 2 -tsisnewnnnains 26