Xay Dung Day Chuyen San Xuat Lap Rap 0912

B khoa hc v cng ngh
Vin nng lng

________________________________________________________
Bo co tng kt khoa hc v k thut

D n sn xut th nghim
Xy dng dy chuyn sn xut, lp rp v

lp t cc thit b trm pin mt tri phc v
min ni v hI o
(lp t th nghim ti o l sn tnh qung ngi )
6214
24/11/2006
H ni 3 2006
1
B khoa hc v cng ngh
Vin nng lng
S 6 Tn Tht Tng - H Ni
Bo co tng kt khoa hc v k thut

D n sn xut th nghim
Xy dng dy chuyn sn xut, lp rp v
lp t cc thit b trm pin mt tri phc v
min ni v hI o
(lp t th nghim ti o l sn tnh qung ngi )
Ch nhim d n:
TS. Phm Khnh Ton
H ni 3 2006
2
Ni dung chnh
Trang
Phn I: Tm tt ni dung chnh ca d n nghin cu khoa 1
hc v pht trin cng ngh
1.1 M u 1
1.2 Kinh ph thc hin d n 3
1.3 Kinh ph thu hi d n 3
1.4 thi gian thc hin d n 3
1.5 Sn phm nghim thu 3
Phn II: Bo co tng kt khoa hc k thut cc kt qu thc 5
hin d n
2.1- C s xy dng v thc hin d n 5
2.2- Tng quan: in mt tri v ng dng 7
2.2.1- Pin mt tri 7
2.2.2- Ngun in mt tri 9
2.2.3 Tnh hnh nghin cu, ng dng in mt tri 12
2.3- Kt qu nghin cu, trin khai d n 16
2.3.1. Xy dng dy chuyn sn xut lp rp cc thit b in t trong h 16
in mt tri
2.3.2- Nghin cu, thit k ch to cc b iu khin 23
2.3.3- Thit k ch to b i in 34
2.3.4 Nghin cu thit k v ch to b rung cho n ng 12VDC 42
2.3.5 Ch to chn gi 46
2.3.6 Kim tra trn thc t hin trng cc thit b c thit k ch to 46
Phn III: Kinh Ph D n 55
3.1 Kinh ph ch to 55
3.1.1 Ch to b iu khin 55
3.1.2 Ch to b bin i in: 56
3.1.3 Ch to Cc loi n: 56
3.1.4 Ch to Cc loi thit b: 56
3.2 Trin khai lp t 56
3.3 Gi thnh bn thit b 57
3.4 Hiu qu Kinh t. 58
3.4.1 Tnh gi 1 kWh chy my pht 58
3.4.2 Tnh gi 1 kWh chy bng trm pin mt tri 58
3. 5 Kinh ph duyt thc hin D n 61
Phn IV: Kt lun v kin ngh 62
Ph lc 67
3
phn I
tm tt ni dung chnh ca d n
nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh
1.1 M u
Hin nay vic s dng hiu qu ngun nng lng mt tri c mt
ngha rt ln, gp phn ng k trong qu trnh ci thin, nng cao i sng
ca dn vng min ni v hi o.
Nh nc u t rt mnh cho vic pht trin li in v vng nng
thn, c bit l vng ni cao, vng su v hi o. Do c th v a hnh
phc tp, phn b dn tha tht, khng theo mt quy hoch no nn vic ko
li in rt kh khn. Theo quy hoch pht trin in lc Vit Nam giai on
2006 n 2015, xt n trin vng 2025. Tnh n nm 2010 vn cn hng
trm x khng th a li in quc gia ti c. Vic cung cp in nng
cho nhng vng ny ch yu l ngun nng lng mi v ti to, ngun nng
lng ti ch.
nc ta cng ngh nng lng ti to v ang c ng dng
mang li hiu qu rt ng khch l phc v vn ho chnh tr x hi, ring
ngun in phc v chiu sng v sinh hot cho cc vng trn c thc hin
ch yu l cng ngh pin mt tri, theo cc dng sau:
Trm pin mt tri gia nh
Trm pin mt tri tp th
Trm pin mt tri phc v c quan, thng tin lin lc
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh cn tr vic pht trin rng ri
cc trm pin mt tri l chi ph u t thit b cn cao, u t vo cc vng
cn rt ngho nn, trnh dn tr thp, khng mang li hiu qu thit thc.
thc hin chng trnh in kh ho nng thn Vit Nam, ng v
Nh nc ta c nhng chnh sch u t rt ln t nhiu nm nay. i vi
nhng khu vc dn c thuc vng ni v vng su vng xa, vng dn tc t
ngi, vng hi o ni m li in quc gia cha th vn ti c th vic
4
s dng nng lng in phc v chiu sng, thng tin lin lc v vn ho x
hi phi da vo cc ngun nng lng in sn xut ti ch, trong ngun
nng lng in mt tri l mt trong nhng ngun quan trng c quan
tm nghin cu ng dng.
Trong nhiu nm tr li y do iu kin v nng lc khoa hc cng
ngh Vit Nam cha pht trin, nn thit b pin mt tri v cc ph kin i
km phn ln phi nhp ngoi.
Gi c nhp ngoi cc chng loi pin mt tri trn th gii vo Vit
Nam rt a dng v kh cao so vi thu nhp v kh nng kinh t ca ngi dn
Vit Nam ni chung, cn i vi vng su, vng xa li cn cao hn nhiu.
Xut pht t mc tiu yu cu pht trin kinh t x h min ni v
hi o, Vin Nng Lng thc hin thnh cng D n sn xut th
nghim: Xy dng dy chuyn sn xut, lp rp cc thit b trm pin mt
tri phc v min ni v hi o: (Lp t th nghim ti o L Sn,
Qung Ngi).
Cng cn nhn mnh rng D n sn xut th nghim cc thit b ca
trm pin mt tri, gi cc thit b in t sn xut trong nc ch vo khong
50 - 60% so vi gi nhp ngoi, cht lng m bo, ph hp vi dn tr hay
trnh mi trng min ni v hi o. Nh vy c th khng nh rng,
trnh k thut v cng ngh trong nc hon ton c th sn xut c cc
thit b in t trong cc h ngun in nng lng mi ni chung v in mt
tri ni ring vi gi c r hn, cht lng chp nhn c.
- Hon thnh vic ch to cc ph kin cho trm pin mt tri, lp t,
vn hnh v chuyn giao cng ngh cho cc a phng thuc min ni v hi
o, gp phn thc hin chng trnh KHNT ca chnh ph.
- Khng nh s thnh cng ca cc ti NCKH ca Vin Nng
lng c nghim thu, gp phn y mnh s gn kt gia cng tc
NCKH vi phc v i sng x hi
- Khng nh kh nng t ch to v lp rp thit b pin mt tri trong
nc, trong c ch iu kin s dng k thut, nguyn vt liu v trnh
cn b k thut trong nc.
5
- To tin nhn rng m hnh kt hp trm pin mt tri vi cc
dng nng lng khc nhm y mnh chin lc pht trin bn vng, s
dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu.
- L c s ku gi vn u t v h tr t cc t chc Quc t trong
chin lc pht trin nng lng t nhin liu sch.
- Tin dn n t tc hon ton trong ch to thit b, ch ng v cng
ngh s dng nng lng pin mt tri.
1.2 Kinh ph thc hin d n

Tng kinh ph thc hin D n : 2.700 triu ng
Kinh ph ca Vin Nng Lng thc hin : 1.000 triu ng
Kinh ph h tr t ngn sch nh nc : 1700 triu ng
1.3 Kinh ph thu hi d n

Kinh ph thu hi: 1015.2 triu ng
Thi gian thu hi:
t 1: thng 6/2008
t 2: thng 12/2008
1.4 thi gian thc hin d n

T 1/2004 n 12/2005
1.5 Sn phm nghim thu
6
Danh mc cc sn phm KHCN nghim thu
TT Tn sn phm S Cc ch tiu kinh t- k thut

lng ch yu
B iu khin: I = 15 A 225 b I = 15A, U = 13,8V ngt np,
1 U = 12,6Vsc li U = 10,5V ngt
ti, hiu sut 90 =>95%, t0=400
I = 30A :110 b 110 b I = 30A, U = 13,8V ngt np,

U = 12,6Vsc li U = 10,5V ngt
ti, hiu sut 90 =>95%, t0=400
I = 40A: 110 b. 110 b I = 40A, U = 13,8V ngt np,
U = 12,6Vsc li U = 10,5V ngt
ti, hiu sut 89 =>94%, t0=400
2 B i in:12VDC/220AC, 300VA 50 b 300VA, sng thang 220V, 50Hz, c
qui 10,5V ngt ti, ngt ti AC
180V, hiu sut 85%.
12VDC/220AC 600VA 50b 600VA, sng sin 220V, 50Hz, c

180V, hiu sut 85%.
24V DC / 220AC, 1500VA 20 b 1500VA, sng sin 220V, 50Hz, c
qui 21V ngt ti, ngt ti AC 180V,
hiu sut 78%
12VDC/220AC, 1000WVA 50b 1000VA, sng sin 220V, 50Hz, c
180V, hiu sut 78%
3 n tup 12VDC, 20W, 400 b I=1,4 - 1,6A, U = 10,5V ngt ti
n tit kim 12V DC , 10 W 60 b I= 0,9 - 1,1A, U = 10,5V ngt ti
4 Trm Pin mt tri gia nh, 75Wp 20 trm Phc v thp sng, TV
5 Trm Pin mt tri tp th, 300Wp 2 trm Phc v thp sng, thit b y t
6 Trm Pin mt tri tr m ci, 150Wp 1 trm Phc v thp sng, TV
7 Tm pin mt tri ca Nht: ng dng thit b ch to
Loi 50Wp 50 tm
Loi 80Wp 30 tm
8 Ch to chn gi, mua c quy 40 c quy 100Ah, 30 b chn gi
9 My tnh xch tay 1 my Thu thp s liu
7
Phn II
Bo co tng kt khoa hc k thut
Cc kt qu thc hin d n
2.1- C s xy dng v thc hin d n

Cc ngun nng lng mi v ti to (NLM & TT) l loi ngun nng
lng (NL) rt thi s hin nay. N khng gy nhim mi trng v c tim
nng l v hn. Vi hai c tnh ny, n s l mt ngun trong cc ngun NL
thay th cho ngun NL ho thch gy nhim mi trng v b khai thc
gn cn kit. Xu hng chung ca c th gii hin nay l nghin cu tm kim
cc cng ngh thch hp khai thc s dng c hiu qu cc ngun
NLM&TT thay th cc ngun NL ho thch.
i vi Vit Nam th cc ngun NLM&TT cng rt quan trng, cn
phi c tnh n trong cn bng NL quc gia trong thi gian ti. Cc ngun
NLM&TT c th khai thc mi ni, mi a phng. c bit nhiu khu vc
nng thn vng su, vng xa, ni m in li khng th ko n c, hoc
chi ph qu ln th vic ng dng NLM&TT l phng n hp l.
Vit Nam c thin nhin ban tng cho ngun ti nguyn NLM&TT
a dng v kh di do. Do vo khu vc nhit i, t 80 n 23o v tuyn Bc
nn c ngun nng lng mt tri rt phong ph. Cng bc x mt tri
nm trong khong 110kcal/cm2.nm (khu ng Bc) n 175 kcal/cm2.nm
(Nam Trung b v Nam b). S gi nng trung bnh bin i t 1500 gi/nm
n 2600 gi/nm. Ni chung trn ton lnh th, nng lng mt tri c tim
nng kh ln, c th khai thc s dng c hiu qu, c bit t Nng tr
vo. V vy ngun nng lng mt tri l mt trong cc ngun quan trng
c la chn cung cp in cho cc khu vc nng thn vng su vng xa
trong chng trnh in kh ho nng thn hin nay ca Chnh ph.
Trong khun kh Chng trnh in kh ho nng thn, nhng nm

gn y nh nc u t rt ln cho vic pht trin li in v vng nng
thn, c bit l vng ni cao, vng su v hi o. Do c th v a hnh
phc tp, phn b dn tha tht, khng theo mt quy hoch no nn vic ko
li in rt kh khn. Theo quy hoch pht trin in lc Vit Nam giai on
8
2001 n 2010, xt n trin vng 2020 th tnh n nm 2010 vn cn hng
trm x khng th a li in quc gia ti c. Vic cung cp in nng
cho nhng vng ny ch yu s l ngun nng lng mi v ti to.
Cng ngh pin mt tri hay in mt tri l mt trong nhng cng ngh
u vit v nhng l do sau y:
- Ngun nng lng mt tri rt phong ph, c th khai thc ng dng
bt k a phng no trn lnh th nc ta.
- H thng in mt tri lp t, vn hnh, bo dng rt n gin, rt ph
hp vi trnh dn tr cn thp cc khu vc nng thn
- H thng in mt tri lm vic tin cy v c tui th cao.
Cng ngh in PMT c nghin cu ng dng nc ta t hn mi
nm li y, ch yu cho cc khu vc cha c li in, cung cp in sinh
hot cho cc dng ph ti nh :
- H gia nh, cng sut tm pin thng trong khong 40 Wp n 75Wp
- H tp th nh trm x, trng hc, nh vn ho, n bin phng, cng
sut dn pin mt tri thng t 100Wp n vi nghn Wp
- Trm pin mt tri phc v c quan, thng tin lin lc nh cc c quan
trn cc o, cc trm cp ngun cho h thng thit b vin thng, cc trm
n bin, cng sut loi trm ny c th t 500Wp n mt vi nghn Wp.
Tuy nhin do thiu chnh sch v m i vi cc ngun v cng ngh NL
ti to ni chung v NL mt tri ni ring nn vic trin khai ng dng cn
mang tnh t pht, manh mn v nh l. Ngoi ra, mt trong nhng nguyn
nhn chnh cn tr vic pht trin ng dng rng ri cc trm pin mt tri l
chi ph u t ban u cn cao trong khi phn ln cc ng dng li l cho cc
vng nng thn cn rt ngho, trnh dn tr thp.
Thi gian gn y, do nhn thc c tm quan trng ca cc ngun v
cng ngh NL ti to i vi Chng trnh in kh ho nng thn, ng v
Nh nc ta bt u c nhng chnh sch u t khuyn khch nghin cu
ng dng NL ti to. i vi nhng khu vc dn c thuc vng ni v vng
su vng xa, vng dn tc t ngi, vng hi o ni m li in quc gia
cha th vn ti c hoc qu tn km v hiu qu li qu thp th vic s
dng nng lng in phc v chiu sng, thng tin lin lc v vn ho x hi
phi da vo cc ngun in nng sn xut ti ch, trong ngun nng lng
9
in mt tri v thu in nh l nhng ngun quan trng c quan tm
nghin cu ng dng.
Cho n nay, trong mt h thng in pin mt tri, th ch c tm Pin
hay m un pin mt tri phi nhp ngoi, cn cc thnh phn cn li nh cc
b iu khin, b bin i in,... c nghin cu, thit k v sn xut
trong nc. Vic sn xut trong nc, va gip tit kim ngoi t, va to iu
kin pht trin sn xut kinh doanh, to thm cng n vic lm v thu nhp
cho ngi lao ng trong nc. Ngoi ra, vic thay th cc thit b c sn
xut trong nc cn to ra nhng iu kin thun li v hiu qu cho cng tc
qun l v bo dng cc h thng in pin mt tri.
Xut pht t tnh hnh ni trn trn Vin Nng Lng lp v c B
KHCN giao cho thc hin D n sn xut th nghim: Xy dng dy chuyn
sn xut, lp rp v lp t cc thit b trm pin mt tri phc v min ni
v hi o: (Lp t th nghim ti o L Sn, Qung Ngi).
2.2- Tng quan in mt tri v ng dng
2.2.1- Pin mt tri

2.2.1.1. Pin mt tri
Mt lp tip xc gia 2 loi bn dn, loi p v loi n to ra mt h in
t c kh nng bin i trc tip nng lng bc x mt tri thnh in nng
nh hiu ng quang in bn trong c gi l pin mt tri.
Pin mt tri c sn xut v ng dng ph bin hin nay c ch to
t vt liu tinh th bn dn Silicon (Si). Si c ho tr 4. T tinh th Si tinh
khit, c vt liu tinh th bn dn Si loi n k hiu l: n-Si
Hin nay ngi ta cng a ra th trng cc pin mt tri bng vt
liu Si v nh hnh. Pin mt tri loi ny c u im l tit kim c vt liu
trong sn xut do gi thnh r hn. Tuy nhin, so vi pin mt tri tinh th
th hiu sut bin i quang in ca n thp v km n nh khi lm vic
ngoi tri.
Ngoi loi Si, ngi ta cn nghin cu v th nghim cc loi vt liu
khc c nhiu ha hn nh h Sunfit Cadmi-ng, Galium-Arsenit
(GaAs),...Tuy nhin, hin nay vic nghin cu ch to v s dng cc pin mt
tri t cc vt liu khc Si ch mi phm vi v qui m th nghim v ng
dng trn phm vi nh.
10
2.2.1.2. M un cc pin mt tri
Cc pin mt tri s phi lm vic iu kin ngoi tri lu di. V vy
bo v cc lp tip xc v dy ni, bo v vt liu cch in v do tng
tui th pin mt tri cn phi ng kn pin mt tri trong cc vt liu trong
sut. Tt nhin khng th ng gi tng pin mt m ngi ta ng gi hng
chc pin to ra mt m un hay tm pin mt tri (xem hnh 2.1). Ngi ta
phi la chn cc pin hon ton hoc gn hon ton ging nhau v cc c
trng quang in v c hc xp vo mt m un.
Tm knh pha trn
Tm keo EVA
Lp cc pin mt tri
hn ghp in
Tm keo EVA
Tm y
Hnh 2.1: Cc lp vt liu trong mt m un trc khi p (hnh bn tri)

v m un pin mt tri hon thin (hnh bn phi)
Vic o c, kim tra cc thng s quang in c tin hnh nghim
ngt i vi tng cell ghp thnh tng tm pin mt tri hay m un. Bc x
kim tra ngun c th l bc x mt tri t nhin hoc nhn to c cng
chun Eo = 1.000W/m2 v o nhit chun To = 25oC.
Hiu sut bin i quang in ca PMT tinh th Si hin nay nm trong

khong 12 n 14%.
11
2.2.1.3- Cc thng s k thut ca m un pin mt tri
trnh cc ghp ni khng ng cc m un to thnh dn ln gy ra
tn tht in nng v h hng pin, ngi sn xut cn phi o c, kim tra
chnh xc mt s c trng di y v ghi r trn m un hoc trong cc ti
liu bn km m un. l:
- Cng sut lm vic cc i Pmax (Wp) ;
- Dng in ngn mch ISC (A) ;
- in th h mch VOC (V) ;
- Dng in lm vic ti u IOPT (A) ;
- in th lm vic ti u VOPT (V) ;
- Hiu sut cc i (%) ;
- Nhit mi trng lm vic cho php (0C) ;
- Kch thc, trng lng m un.
Ngoi cc o c trn, cc m un cn phi t cc tiu chun khc
nh: cch in, bn c hc (chu c gi cp 12 hay130km/ gi, chu
c ma ), chu m.
2.2.2- Ngun in mt tri
Hin nay c hai h ngun in pin mt tri thng dng. l h ngun
in pin mt tri ni li v h ngun c lp. Trong h ngun pin mt tri
ni li, in mt chiu t dn pin mt tri c bin i thnh in xoay
chiu v c ho vo mng li in cng nghip. Cng ngh ny c s
dng ph bin cc nc pht trin nh M, Nht Bn, Php, c,.... u
im ca loi ngun ny l khng cn dng b d tr in nng, mt thnh
phn chim t trng kinh ph ln, phi chm sc bo dng phc tp v gy
nhim mi trng.
i vi cc khu vc khng c li in hoc nhu cu s dung in vi
qui m nh, ngi ta dng cng ngh ngun pin mt tri c lp. Phn ln cc
ng dng ngun in mt tri thuc khu vc nng thn, vng su vng xa
cc nc ang pht trin ngi ta s dng cng ngh ngun c lp.
Di y chng ta ch gii hn nghin cu loi h ngun in pin mt
tri c lp.
2.2.2.1- H thng ngun in pin mt tri c lp
Mt h thng nng lng pin mt tri c lp gm c mt s thnh
phn sau y:
- Dn hay ngun pin mt tri
- B tch tr in nng (B c qui)
12
- Cc thit b iu khin
- B bin i in
- Cc ti tiu th in.
S khi ca mt h thng nng lng pin mt tri tng qut c
trnh by trong hnh 2- 2.
Dn PMT B iu Ti DC
khin
B c quy B bin i Ti AC
in
Hnh 2.2: S khi h in mt tri tng qut
C cu v cc chc nng ca thnh phn trong h ngun in PMT c

th m t tm tt nh sau.
a- Dn pin mt tri:
Gm mt hay mt s m un pin mt tri ghp (song song, ni tip hay
hn hp) li to ngun cng sut in, hiu in th theo yu cu. N c
nhim v hp th nh sng mt tri v bin i trc tip thnh in mt chiu
cung cp cho cc ti tiu th in.
b- B c qui hay b tch tr nng lng:
Cc thit b s dng v tiu th in c gi chung l ti. Thng thng
cc ti tiu th in nh cc thit b thng tin, n chiu sng, TV, radio... yu
cu cp in lin tc k c vo cc thi gian khng c nng. Trong lc , pin
mt tri ch pht in lc c nng. V vy cn phi c mt b tch tr nng
lng (v d b c qui). Ngoi ra cc b tch tr nng lng cn c tc dng
n nh th in cp cho ti. Trong mt s trng hp c bit, v d ti l
my bm nc, khng cn phi hot ng lc khng c nng, th h c th
khng cn thnh phn tch tr nng lng ny.
Thng s quan trng ca mt b c quy l hiu in th v dung lng ca
n. Hiu in th tnh bng V, cn dung lng c tnh bng Am-pe-gi
(Ah) hay ot-gi (Wh). V d cc loi c quy 12V-100Ah, 24V-400Ah, 48V-
600Ah,v.v...Hiu in th v dung lng ca b c quy phi c tnh ton
ph hp vi cc ti tiu th v cng sut dn PMT.
13
c- B iu khin (BK) (Solar Controller):
BK l mt thit b in t, n c nhim v kim sot t ng cc qu
trnh np v phng in ca c quy, bo v c quy v bo v cc thit b tiu
th in. Khi c quy c np in no, dung lng ca c quy t 100%,
th BK s t ng ct hoc gim dng np in cho c quy t dn PMT.
Nh vy c quy trnh c trng thi qu no gim tui th ca n. Ngc
li, khi c quy b i qu, v d dung lng ca n ch cn li 30% th BK
cng t ng ct dng in cp cho cc ti, nh vy c quy khng b phng
in qu kit, dn n h hng c quy.
d- B bin i in (Inverter) :
Trong trng hp cc thit b tiu th in mt chiu 12V, 24V, 48V.... th
ngi ta c th s dng in ngay sau BK. Cn nu c cc thit b tiu th
in dng dng in xoay chiu, v d 220V, 50Hz, nh TV mu, qut, bm
nc, t lnh,v.v... th trong h ngun cn c thm mt B bin i in.
Cng nh BK, B bin i in l mt thit b in t c chc nng bin i
in mt chiu t B c qui hay dn PMT thnh in xoay chiu cp cho cc
ti xoay chiu.
Thng thng c 3 loi B bin i in bn trn th trng. l cc loi:
bin i in c sng in ra dng xung vung, bin i c sng in ra dng
hnh thang v bin i c sng in ra dng hnh sin. Sng ra c dng cng
n gin th hiu sut cng cao v gi B bin i in cng r hn. Tu theo
ti in c th m ngi ta chn loi bin i in p thch hp.
Cng sut v cc c trng in ca BK v B bin i in (nh hiu
in th vo, hiu in th ra, di hiu in th lm vic,v.v...) phi c tnh
ton cho ph hp vi h thng.
2.2.2.2- Hiu sut ca h thng ngun in pin mt tri c lp

Cc thnh phn trong h ngun in PMT u gy ra tn tht, nn c
hiu sut gii hn. Thng thng hiu sut ca B iu khin l 90%, ca B
bin i in khong (75- 85) %, hiu sut phng np ca B c qui khong
90%. Hiu sut chung ca c h thng bng tch s ca cc hiu sut cc
thnh phn trong h, nn ch khong (60- 65)%. T ta thy, vic thit k,
ch to cc B iu khin v B bin i in c cht lng cao l cng vic
rt quan trng. Ngoi ra cn cn phi la chn s khi ti u cho h.
14
2.2.3 Tnh hnh nghin cu, ng dng in mt tri
2.2.3.1- Tnh hnh nghin cu v ng dng nc ngoi
Tuy qu trnh nghin cu pht trin nhm tip tc nng cao hiu qu
kinh t-k thut ca pin mt tri (PMT) vn c tip tc mt cch mnh m
trn th gii nhng PMT c thng mi ho v c ng dng rng ri
t nhiu nm nay. Hin nay PMT c nhiu nc trn th gii ng dng
cho cc lnh vc khc nhau nh : khoa hc v tr, thng tin lin lc, bo m
hng hi, c bit l vic cung cp in nng cho cc hot ng sn xut,
nghin cu khoa hc, cc thit b phc v sinh hot cho cuc sng con ngi
nhng vng xa li in nh chiu sng, ti vi, i vv.
Tng cng sut lp t ng dng pin mt tri trn Th gii tnh theo
u ngi i vi 5 nc ng dng nhiu nht l:
c : 9,62W/ ngi
Nht: 8,87W/ ngi
Thy S: 3,12W/ ngi
H Lan: 3,01W/ ngi
Oxtraylia: 2,60W/ngi.
Cng ngh in PMT c rt nhiu u im nh: nng lng mt tri l
mt dng nng lng sch v c tr lng v cng ln. N c th khai thc
mi a phng. H thng in PMT lp t, vn hnh, bo dng rt n
gin, rt ph hp vi trnh dn tr cn thp cc khu vc nng thn. Ngoi
ra, h thng in PMT lm vic tin cy v c tui th cao.
Kh khn ln nht i vi vic pht trin in mt tri l gi thnh cn
cao, thng thng cao hn gi in cng nghip truyn thng t 4 n 6 ln.
Tuy nhin vi s pht trin khng ngng ca KHCN, PMT ngy cng hon
thin v gi in PMT do cng ang gim kh nhanh vi tc khong 6-
7%/nm. Ngoi ra, do b khai thc cn kit nn gi nng lng ho thch ngy
cng tng cao. V vy trong mt thi gian khng xa na, in mt tri hon
ton c th cnh tranh vi cc ngun in truyn thng hin nay.
2.2.3.2. Tnh hnh nghin cu v trin khai trong nc
nc ta, ngun in t pin mt tri cng c nghin cu ng
dng t hng chc nm li y. Tuy nhin qui m ng dng cn rt nh l.
Cc h ng dng nhiu nht gm c cc Trm thng tin vin thng thuc B
Bu chnh Vin thng, cc ng dng trong giao thng ng sng, ng
bin, v c bit l cc ng dng cho cc khu vc nng thn, min ni cha
c li in nh cc n bin phng, trm bu in-vn ho tuyn X, trm Y
t, tr s U ban Nhn dn x, trng hc v cc gia nh chnh sch,...
15
Bng 2.1 di y lit k mt s ng dng PMT ch ring cho mc ch
cp in sinh hot cho cc h nng thn vng su, vng xa nc ta.
Bng 2.1- Mt s ng dng in PMT phc v sinh hot
TT a phng, c Cng sut Mc ch ng dng

quan ng dng (kW)
1. Tnh Ho Bnh 6- 7 n chiu sng, TV, i
2. o C T 15,075 Phc v cc nhu cu lm vic v sinh hot
3. Tnh Cng Tum 10,5 n chiu sng, TV, i
4. Tnh Gia Lai 100 Sinh hot
5. Cao Bng 8 Sinh hot, thng tin vin thng
6. Lng Sn 3 Sinh hot
7. Ph Th 10,75 Sinh hot
8. Bc Giang 7,5 Sinh hot
9. Cn o 3 Sinh hot
Gn nh 100% m un PMT s dng trong nc u phi nhp ngoi.

Gi hin nay vo khong 5 USD/Wp. Cc thnh phn khc trong h thng
in mt tri nh B iu khin, B i in, c qui,... u c thit k ch
to trong nc.
Hnh 2.3 v 2.4 l cc s in hnh ca cc h in mt tri cho h
gia nh nng thn min ni (khng c ti xoay chiu) v h in mt tri cho
h tp th (c thm ti xoay chiu).
Hin nay, nc ta c mt s c quan hot ng nghin cu, pht trin
v s dng cc ngun nng lng mi ni chung v nng lng mt tri ni
ring. Nhng c quan hot ng trong nhiu nm v t c nhiu kt qu
tt l:
o Vin Nng lng -Tng Cng Ty in Lc Vit Nam - B Cng
Nghip.
o Trung tm Nng lng mi - Trng i hc Bch khoa - H Ni.
o Phng th nghim Nng lng Mt Tri ca Phn vin Vt l - Trung
Tm Khoa hc T nhin Quc gia - Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
o C mt s c quan tham gia lp t cc trm pin mt lm theo tnh
cht t hng.
o Cng ty Selco -Vit nam.
Tng cng sut PMT c lp t s dng Vit nam hin nay vo
khong 1200 kW.
16
Ph ti
Dn pin B iu
mt tri 1tm NG 75W khin
n DC12VDC
Hp u
Cu ch TV
01 Radio
c quy
Hnh 2.3: S h ngun in mt tri h gia nh
Dn pin MT mt tri
20 tm KC 50
B iu khin n 112VDC
Hp ni
Tivi
B i in
Cu ch
u VIDEO
B c qui
Radio
6 x 100 Ah-12V
Hnh 2.4: S h ngun in mt tri h tp th
17
Nh trnh by trong cc mc trn, trong mt h ngun in mt tri,
hiu sut chung ca c h bng tch ca hiu sut ca cc thnh phn trong h
nh b iu khin, b i in, b c qui v dy cp ni in. Trong thi gian
hin nay, gi in mt tri cn rt cao, nn vic nng cao hiu sut chung ca
c h thng l iu rt quan trng. Mun vy ngui ta phi la chn v s
dng cc thnh phn trong h c cht lng v do hiu sut c nng cao.
gim tn hao do dy ni gy ra ngi ta ch cn la chn dy in c tit
din thch hp v khong cch ni dy ngn c th. i vi c qui cn chn c
qui tt v c ch bo dng nghim ngt theo ng cc tiu chun bo
dng c qui nh vi mi loi c qui. Di y chng ti ch tp trung vo
2 thnh phn in t trong h in mt tri l b iu khin v b bin i
in v y chnh l cc thnh phn hin ang c mt s n v trong nc
thit k, sn xut v cng l cc thnh phn cha hm lng khoa hc cng
ngh rt cao, cn phi tip tc u t nghin cu pht trin.
Thi gian qua, t nhiu ng dng h in mt tri trong thc t, cc
thit b in t nh b iu khin v b bin i in c thit k, sn xut
trong nc thng gp phi nhng vn sau:
- Tui th thp, thng thng ch s dng c 2- 3 nm. S h hng
thng do cc nguyn nhn sau:
o Cht lng cc linh kin xu do c mua trn th trng ch
en tri ni trong nc
o Khng c nhit i ho nn b xm thc ca mi trng
nhanh
o bn c hc ca cc chi tit c (nh cng tc, r le c, kt cu
lp ghp,..) km, lng lo, rt d h hng khi di chuyn.
- Ch iu khin cha hp l. V d a s b iu khin u hot
ng theo ch ct t ngt dng np cho c qui hay dng nui ti, trong
lc i vi ch np in cho c qui cn np lin tc vi ch dng
np khc nhau. i vi b bin i in thng l loi sng ra dng vung
nn khng th s dng cho cc thit b c cun cm (nh bm nc, qut v
cc loi ng c in, ...) c. Thiu mch bo v ch xung qu khi
tt, bt nn cc b i in rt d b h hng.
- Khng c mch bo v khi b ni nhm cc in
- Hiu sut thp. i vi cc b iu khin thng c hiu sut trn
di 80%, trong khi cc b iu khin nhp ngoi c hiu sut thng l
18
cao hn 90%. B i in sn xut trong nc c hiu sut cng thp. V d
loi sng hnh vung ch khong 80%, cn loi sng hnh sin th ch t t
55- 65%.
- Mu m kiu dng xu, cht lng khng ng u do sn xut nh
- Gi thnh thc t kh cao
- V cc nhc im khc.
V vy trong d n ny chng ti t ra nhim v l khc phc c
mt phn ln cc nhc im ni trn ca cc thit b in t trong h
ngun in mt tri, t s nng cao hiu sut v hiu qu kinh t- x hi
ca n.
2.3- Kt qu nghin cu, trin khai d n

2.3.1. Xy dng dy chuyn sn xut lp rp cc thit b in t trong h
in mt tri
S khi v cc cng on sn xut
thit k, ch to cc thit b in t th cng vic u tin phi lm
l thit k v xy dng mt dy chuyn sn xut. Hnh 2.5 l s khi ca
dy chuyn sn xut lp rp thit b in t c d n xy dng.
Cng vic thit k v hp, mch in t nguyn l v mch in c
thc hin trn my vi tnh nh cc phn mm chuyn dng m bo tnh
ti u v mt in t, c hc cng nh kiu dng cng nghip,... Sau c
a vo cc phn xng ch to v hp v ch to mch in sn xut.
Trc lc lp rp cc linh kin vo mch in hay v hp cc linh kin
in t c la chn, phn loi cn thn thng qua cc o c kim tra cc
thng s k thut cn thit nh cc thit b o chuyn dng.
Sau khi thit b c lp t xong v mt in t, n c a vo
phng kim tra o c cc thng s cn thit. Nu t yu cu mi c
ty ra lm v sinh cng nghip v lp vo hp my. Sau my li c o
v kim tra mt ln na. Nu my t cc tiu chun ra th s c phun
ph cc lp bo v s xm thc ca mi trng. Tip theo my c lp vo
mch chy th trong thi gian mt vi ngy v cui cng c ng gi
v a vo bo qun kho.
19
S dy chuyn sn sut
Ch to Ch to Ch to
v hp mch in chn gi
Dy chuyn
lp rp mch
in t
Lp t
hon thin
Kim tra
cht lng
ng gi
Xut xng
Hnh 2.5: S khi dy chuyn sn xut v lp rp, thit b in t
trin khai c D n Vin Nng lng phi hp vi cng ty

TNHHSX&TM, C in - in t Vit Linh sp xp v b tr li mt s phn
xng, lp rp thit b theo dy truyn khp kn ca cc phn xng, tin
kim tra trong khu sn xut, lp rp thit b.
Mc ch ca D n:
- Gii quyt tnh gia cng n chic, sn phm lm ra khng c kiu
dng cng nghip, thit b khng ng u v cht lng v hiu qu khng
cao.
- Hon thin thit k thit b ph tr vi dy chuyn sn xut hng
lot, cht lng thit b c kim tra tng khu cht ch, gi thnh h.
20
- Mc tiu ca D n gip cho cn b khoa hc nghin cu qua
cc ti trin khai p dng vo thc t, nng cao nng lc p dng nhng
cng ngh mi, tit kim c ngun ngoi t.
- Hon thnh c cng ngh dy chuyn sn xut thit b iu

khin trm pin mt tri, b i in t 12V mt chiu sang 220V xoay chiu
theo dng sng hnh sin s dng cho cc thit b in c ng c phc v
nhu cu ca nhn dn sng min ni v hi o, ta phi thc hin theo cc
bc sau :
+ Thit k dy chuyn sn xut cc thit b ph tr ca trm pin mt
tri vi cng sut ln m bo cung cp 1500 b thit b ph kin ca trm
pin mt tri trong mt nm.
+ Thit k tnh ton xc nh tnh nng qui cch cc kch thc ca khun
mu dp v thit b, gia cng khun mu b iu khin, b i in, b kch
ca n tup m bo cht lng, c tnh cng nghip ca thit b.
+ Thit k b tr c tnh bo v, o lng mch in t trn my vi
tnh, cc bin dng, hiu chnh chnh xc in p np, in p ti thit b
hot ng bnh thng.
+ Thit k h thng lm sch, ty r phn v v cc linh kin in t
+ Hon thin thit k trn my vi tnh, thc hin sn xut dy chuyn
+ Lp phng n thit k mt bng cng ngh ci to nh xng:
* Xng ch to mch in t.
* Xng lp rp.
* Xng kim tra.
+ Thit k ch to v lp rp b phn cch nhit v tn nhit.
+ Kim tra ton b thit k ch to khun mu, bng mch cho gia cng.
+ Ch to, lp rp, hiu chnh, chy th ch hon ton t ng
+ Thit k ch to v lp rp lp dy chuyn cng ngh a vo vn
hnh h thng sn cng nghip.
+ H thng o lng, kim tra cc tn s, dng sng.
+ B tr thit k lp t cc thit b o lng th nghim, o tn hao
khng ti, ngn mch, th ti.
+ Theo di qu trnh gia cng, ch to cc b phn ch yu v cc vi
mch in t, kim tra hiu chnh, ph hp vi kh hu mi trng, min ni
v hi o.
21
+ Thu chuyn gia, kim nh, t vn, gp t cht lng tng
tng vi thit b nhp ngoi.
A. Phn xng c kh:
1. My dp: Nhim v dp cc chi tit ca b iu khin, b bin
i in:
- Dp v my
- Dp b phn tn nhit .
2. My Khoan: Nhim v khoan cc chi tit ca b iu khin, b bin
i in nh l cc n tn hiu, khoan cc l bt cc chi tit vi nhau
thnh mt khi.
3. Cc loi my nh my Hn , my Doa, my mi v.v..
Hnh 2- 6: Phn xng c kh

4. Ty ra thit b v phun sn, in mu m thit b bao b ca thit b
Phn xng ny c nhim v gia cng cc v my ca thit b lm v
sinh sau khi gia cng xong, sy kh cho phun sn hng lot, chuyn sang
phn xng lp rp.
B. Phn xng lp rp vi mch in t:
Cc mnh in thu gia cng v lm v sinh sch cho vo phn xng lp
rp cc linh kin in t vo mch in ca b iu khin v b bin i in.
Cc linh kin in t c nhp vi s lng ln, cht lng m bo, c thi
22
gian bo hnh, kim tra cc thng s ca mch in trc khi chuyn sang phn
xng lp rp.
Hnh 2- 7: Phn xng lp vi mch in t
C. Phn xng lp rp:

Phn xng c nhim v lp rp cc mng vi mnh vo v hp hay vo
cc b phm g lp ca my:
Lp vi mch in t ca b iu khin, b bin i in
Lp b phn tn nhit
Lp rp cc v my
23
Hnh 2- 8: Phn xng lp rp hon thin
Hnh 2- 9: Phn xng qun dy ng v lp rp
D. Phn xng Kim tra:

- Kim tra b iu khin:
+ in p np c quy >13,8V ngt np ( t pin mt tri )
+ in p np c quy <10,5V ngt ti
24
+ Kim tra u nhm cc
+ kim tra cc phin tn nhit
- Kim tra b i in 12V DC thnh 220V AC:
+ Chy in p c quy U = 10,5V =>13,8V chy cc thit b in
t nh tivi, i, qut, t lnh...
+ Kim tra U < 10,5V ngt ti bo v c quy
+ Kim tra cc thng s: Tn s (50Hz), cng sut (600W) v. v...
+ Kim tra ng sng dng v p ca thit b
Hnh 2 - 10: Phn xng kim tra
25
D. Phn xng ng gi v xut xng:
Phn xng ny c nhim v ng gi thit b thnh tng kin xut
xng, cc thit b sut xng c kim tra v s lng v cht lng
ca thit b. Thit b c vn chuyn theo ng tu ho n Vin Nng
lng. Phng th nghim ca Vin Nng Kim tra li ton b cc thng s
ca k thut ca thit b, nu khng t yu cu hng s gi li ni sn xut
sa li theo yu cu ca vin
Hnh 2- 11: Thit b xut xng
2.3.2- Nghin cu, thit k ch to cc b iu khin

D n ng k nghin cu thit k v ch to 2 loi b iu khin ang
c ng dng nhiu nc ta. l loi 12VDC- 10A v 12VDC- 40A.
Mch in t nguyn l ca 2 loi ging nhau, ch c cc linh kin khc nhau
v thng s.
26
2.3.2.1 Mch s nguyn l
S khi ca mch in t nguyn l ca b iu khin c cho
trong hnh 2.6.
C th ni b iu khin l t hp ca 2 khi chc nng chnh: khi
iu khin t ng qu trnh np in cho c qui t dn pin mt tri, trn
s l khi so snh 1 v khi iu khin t ng qu trnh phng in
t b c qui cp cho cc Ti, trn s l khi so snh 2.
Hnh 2 -12: S khi b iu khin
Phn t cng
Pin mt sut chng c quy Kho K
Ti
tri phng in 12V chu dng
So snh 1 So snh 2
Hot ng ca khi so snh 1

- Bnh thng ban ngy khi c nng dn pin MT pht ra dng in (mt
chiu), ta gi l dng ton phn, np in cho b c qui. Khi c qui no,
dung lng t gn 100%, hiu in th trn hai cc b c qui ln n
khong gi tr ngng trn U1 =13,8 14,0V (gi tr ny c th iu chnh
theo yu cu c th) th b so snh 1 s chuyn sang trng thi np dng nh,
ta gi l dng hn ch, (trong mt s thit k th n ct hn dng np in
cho c qui) bo v c qui khi trng thi si, mt nc v h hi bn cc.
- Sau khi dung lng c qui gim n ngng di, hiu in th trn
hai cc b c qui tng ln n U1 = 12,5 13,0 V th b so snh 1 li
chuyn sang trng thi dng np ton phn....
Hot ng ca khi so snh 2
- Bnh thng ban ngy khi c nng dn pin MT pht ra dng in. Dng
ny mt phn cung cp cho cc ti, mt phn np cho c qui. Nhng ban
m hoc khi tri khng nng, dng in cp cho cc ti ch yu ly t c
qui. Do dung lng c qui b gim dn. Khi dung lng c qui gim n
gii hn nguy him ( v d ch cn li 30-40%), hiu in th trn hai cc b
c qui gim n khong gi tr ngng di V2 =10,5 11,0V (gi tr ny c
27
th iu chnh theo yu cu c th) th b so snh 2 s t ng ct dng
phng in t c qui bo v c qui khi trng thi qu kit, lm h hi c
qui.
- Sau khi dung lng c qui tng ln n ngng trn, hiu in th
trn hai cc b c qui tng ln U2 = 11,5 12,0 V th b so snh 2 li
chuyn sang trng thi ng li dng cp cho cc ti.
- Ngoi cc thnh phn chnh l cc khi so snh 1 v 2 ni trn trong
mch b iu khin cn c cc mch chng phng in ngc t c qui qua
dn pin mt tri v cc cng tc tt/bt my v mch ti.
Nh vy b iu khin l thit b in t iu khin qu trnh phng np
in cho b c qui. Tn hiu iu khin chnh l hiu in th trn hai cc
ca n.
a- Mch s nguyn l chi tit ca b iu khin
Mch iu khin sc v iu khin cng sut ti 12v
SOLAR
_
Cu ch +
SMP60NO3x2

iu kin sc
C SOLAR
SMP60NO3 x2
Mass acquy
iu kin ti 12V

C din DC
_ _
+ +
BATTERY Ti 12VDC
LOAD
Hnh 2- 13: S chi tit mch in t b iu khin c thit k
28
m bo cht lng cc linh kin in t dng cho mch hnh 2.14
c nhp ngoi loi chnh phm.
Chng ta tn dng cc ti nghin cu v mu m v nguyn l hot
ng ca cc b iu khin nghin cu trc, tham kho cc thit b nhp
ngoi ch to thnh mt b iu khin mang c y chc nng nh thit
b nhp ngoi
Cc hnh 2.14 v 2.15 l mch in t lp vo mch in v cc b
iu khin hon thin.
Hnh 2 - 14: Mch in t b iu khin sau khi lp vo mch in
29
Hnh 2-15: Cc b iu khin hon thin loi 30A v 40A
2.3.2.2- Ch to cc b iu khin
Thit b nng lng mt tri hin nay gi cn kh cao, li ng dng ti
min ni v hi o ni ngi dn c thu nhp thp v trnh dn tr cha
cao nn cn gp nhiu kh khn. Do vy thit k cc thit b phi ph hp
vi tng loi trm pin mt tri min ni v hi o Vit Nam. Vic ng dng
trm pin mt tri gia nh cn rt hn ch ch yu l cc n bin phng
trm y t UBND x. Cng sut khong t 100-300W l ph bin
Cc b iu khin c ch to vi cng sut khc nhau ph hp
vi tng loi trm pin mt tri c lp rp.
Cc b iu khin c nghin cu, thit k v ch to gm 3 loi:
12V - 15A, 12V 30A v 12V 40A , t nhn hiu l SR15, SR30 v SR40
mt cch tng ng. Cc loi ny ang c s dng ph bin Vit nam
cng nh trn th gii. Qu trnh sn xut c thc hin tng bc rt
kinh nghim v hon thin.
A. Nhim v ca b iu khin:
- Chng ngc cc c qui hay pin mt tri trong mi trng hp .
- Khng cho dng c qui phng ngc v pin mt tri
- m bo dng np ln nht cho c qui
30
- C nhim v iu khin tng cng sut np cho c qui khi yu,
ngt khi c qui y.
B Hiu chnh:
- Hiu chnh c qui y khi Uaq 13,8V th n hiu bo c qui y
sng, dng np.
- Hiu chnh c qui yu khi Uaq 10,5V th n hiu bo c qui yu
sng, dng ti.
- Hiu chnh qu ti khi dng ti v n bo qu dng sng, dng.
- Cho sc th 15 pht, phin tn nhit trong khong 400C l t yu
cu.
a- B iu khin loi I = 15A:

Ch to th t 1: B iu khin I = 15A, s lng 15 b
Hnh 2- 16: B iu khin ch to
Chy th trong phng th nghim:

Kim tra c quy y U = 13,8V ngt dng np ca pin mt tri
Kim tra c quy U = 10,5V ngt ti bo v c quy
Kim tra u nhm cc, hay tip xc khng tt.
Ch to b iu khin loi n u im l ch cn thao np ra l u
c ton b cc u dy. Nhc im l cc cc gn b chm chp
31
Khc phc cc nhc im trn ca cc b iu khin t mt,
ch to th t 2 kim tra li cc thng s k thut theo nh t mt tip
tc sn xut s lng ln.
1. Thit b lm vic c tt nhm thit k thay i mt s chi tit
v b ch li cch u dy ca b iu khin
- V tr u dy in t ngun pin mt tri vo b iu khin
pha trn thit b
- B tr pha di ca b iu khin ch u c quy v ra ph ti
- cc dng ca c quy v cc dng ca ti u gia cho
thun tin u ni cc mch in ca b iu khin
- K hiu u vo ca pin mt tri mu v cc cc dng m
khng b u nhm
Hnh 2- 17: Chy th phng th nghim
32
Hnh 2- 18: B iu ch to t 1& 2
Ch to t 3: B iu khin I = 15A s lng 200 b
Ch to thit b t ba khc phc cc tn ti v mu m v hp iu
khin thc ch to hng lot
Hnh 2- 19: B iu khin ch to trong ba t
33
Tng s b iu khin 12V-15A c ch to l 225 b hon
chnh.
Cc thng s k thut chnh c cho trong bng 2.2 sau.
Bng 2.2- Cc thng s k thut ca b iu khin 12V-15A
ch tiu Thng s k thut

ca b iu khin mt tri sr: 1= 15a
STT TN CHI TIU K THUT Cht lng ch to Cht lng

sn phm ca d n ng k sn
phm ca d n
1 in p vo pin mt tri 12 V 16,8V V < 20 V DC
2 in p ra ti 10,5 V DC 10,5 V DC
3 Dng in np Imax = 15A 10 Max
4 Dng tiu hao 15 mA 15 mA
5 Ngt dng np 13,8 V 0,2V 13,7V
6 Np li 12,6V 0,2V
7 Ngt ti 10,5 V 0,2V 10,5 V
8 Hiu sut ( ph thuc ti ) 90 95 %
9 Kch thc 170 x 120 x 40
10 Nhit lm vic bnh thng 10 400C 400C
11 Trng lng 0,5kg
Qu ti Dng ti > 15 A. T ng ct in p ti ra
Bo
12 Chp ti
v T ng ct in p ra
in p bnh thp
C in DC ( xanh )
Hin th (n LED) Pin mt tri / Sc ( v ng )
13
cc trng thi sau Qa ti / Bnh thp ( )
Bo in p : y / bnh thng / thp
14 Thi gian bo hnh 32 thng
b- B iu khin loi I = 30A:

Ch to th t 1: B iu khin I = 30A s lng 5 b
Kim tra u nhm cc, hay tip xc khng tt
34
Khc phc cc nhc im trn ca cc b iu khin t mt, ch to
th t 2 kim tra li cc thng s k thut theo nh t mt tip tc sn
xut s lng ln.
Tng s b iu khin 12V-30A c ch to l 110 b hon chnh.
Bng 2.3: Cc thng s k thut ca b iu khin 12V-30A

STT TN CHI TIU K THUT Cht lng ch to Cht lng ng k

sn phm ca d n sn phm ca d n
3 Dng in np Imax= 30A 30 Max
5 Ngt dng np 13,8 V 0,2V 13,7V
6 Np li 12,6V 0,2V
7 Ngt ti 10,5 V 0,2V 10,5 V
9 Kch thc 170 x 120 x 60
11 Trng lng 0,8 kg
Bo
12 Chp ti
v T ng ct in p ra
in p bnh thp
C in DC ( xanh )
13
c- B iu khin loi I = 40A:

35
Khc phc cc nhc im trn ca cc b iu khin t mt,
ch to th t 2 kim tra li cc thng s k thut theo nh t mt tip
tc sn xut s lng ln.
Tng s b iu khin 12V- 40A c ch to l 110 b hon chnh.
Bng 2.4- Cc thng s k thut ca b iu khin 12V- 40A


3 Dng in np Imax = 40A 40 Max
5 Ngt dng np 13,8 V 0,2V 13,7V
6 Np li 12,6V 0,2V
7 Ngt ti 10,5 V 0,2V 10,5 V
9 Kch thc 170 x 120 x 60
11 Trng lng 1,2 kg
Bo
12 Chp ti
v T ng ct in p ra
in p bnh thp
C in DC ( xanh )
13
Tng s b iu khin c 3 loi c ch to l 445 b.
36
2.3.2.3- Th nghim trn hin trng
Mt s b iu khin trn c lp t v chy th lu di (gn 2
nm) ti cc d n in mt tri o C T v tnh Gia Lai. Kt qu cho
thy cc thit b ch to lm vic n nh v tin cy.
2.3.3- Thit k ch to b i in
2.3.3.1 Mch in s nguyn l
Thit k cc thit b phi ph hp vi tng loi trm pin mt tri vic
ng dng trm pin mt tri gia nh cn rt hn ch ch yu l cc n bin
phng trm y t UBND x. Cng sut khong t 100-600W l ph bin trn
min ni v hi o Vit Nam.
B bin i in c chc nng bin i in mt chiu t c quy thnh
in xoay chiu cung cp cho cc thit b hay ti xoay chiu. Trong D n
ny cc b bin i in 12V DC 220V AC, 50Hz vi cc loi cng sut
300VA, 600VA, 1000VA v 1500VA l i tng c nghin cu, thit k
v ch to. Ngoi ra mt ch tiu khc cng c t ra ngay t u l hiu
sut ca thit b phi t yu cu ca D n.
- Cc linh kin ri phc v cho vic lp rp thit b phi c ngun gc
xut x r rng m bo cht lng thit b.
- Thit k ch to mch in cho tng loi cng sut.
- Thit k s mch ca b chuyn i in cho tng loi cng sut.
- Tin hnh ch to th mi loi mt b, kim tra cht lng bng cc
dng c o v chy th trn thc t m bo cht lng tng ng hng ngoi
nhp.
- Yu cu k thut ca b chuyn i in:
* Bin i in p mt chiu 12V,24V thnh xoay chiu 220V.
* Bo m dng sng hnh sin, hnh vung, hnh thang, tn s
50Hz theo yu cu ca khch hng.
* Lm vic n nh khi ng ct ti (t lnh, cc loi ng c,
qut my...).
- Hon thin thit k s mch. Lp quy trnh lp rp theo dy
chuyn v trnh t lp rp cc linh kin ri vo mch in.
- Cc sn phm ca dy chuyn c kim tra bng phng php th
nghim v o lng m bo yu cu k thut.
S khi ca b bin i in c cho trong hnh 2.20.
37
Khuych i
Cng sut
DC Phn chia
To dao Dp xung Bin p ra
ng xung ngc
iu ch
rng Khuych i
theo in p Cng sut
Hnh 2.20: S khi b bin i 12V DC-AC220V-50Hz
Mch in gm 6 khi: to dao ng, phn chia xung, iu ch xung

rng, dp xung ngc, khuch i cng sut, v bin p ra nh hnh v.
B to dao ng c chc nng bin i tn hiu (dng) in mt chiu
thnh cc cc xung vung gc c tn s nh trc (100Hz). Xung ny c
a n khi phn chia xung tch cc xung chn, l v cho qua cc khi
khuych i cng sut, cn cc xung ngc b khi dp xung ngc hu i,
bo v tng cng sut. Cc xung sau khi c khuch i s c a vo
cun s cp ca bin p ra tng p ln gi tr cn thit 220V. Khi iu
ch xung rng nhn cc tn hiu t khi bin p iu ch m bo ng
bin (220V) v tn s sng ra (50Hz).
Mch in t chi tit c trnh by trn hnh 2.21.
2.3.3.2 Ch to b bin i in
a- Qui trnh Ch to
B chuyn i in loi 600 VA, 12VDC- 220VAC:
Ch to th t 1: B chuyn i P = 600 VA s lng 3 b
b- Mch s nguyn l chi tit ca b bin i in
38
Hnh 2- 21: S chi tit mch in t b bin i in c thit k
39
. Lp rp:
- Ch to v, phin tn nhit theo yu cu ca tng loi thit b.
- Mch in thu cng tc vin lm.
- Bin p qun theo tng loi.
- Lp rp theo qui trnh .
- Hiu chnh:
- Hiu chnh m bo f = 100Hz.
- Hiu chnh khi c qui 10V ngt th c t ng ngt ra.
- Hiu chnh dng qu th ngt.
- Hiu chnh in p 220V.
- in p c qui t 10,5V =>13,8V cho lm vic c ti
- Chy th 20 pht, kim tra nhit phin tn nhit, t di 40oC

l thit b lm vic bnh thng.
- Chy th v kim tra trong phng th nghim:
- Kim tra chy in p c quy U = 10,5V =>13,8V chy cc thit b

in t nh tivi, i, qut, t lnh...
- Kim tra ngng ct di U = 10,5V ngt ti bo v c quy
- Kim tra cc thng s k thut nh tn s (50Hz), cng sut

(600VA) v. v...
- Kim tra loi sng ca thit b.
40
Bng 2.5: Ch tiu Thng s k thut ca b chuyn i (INVERTER)
12V DC- 220V AC , P = 600 VA
ST TN CHI TIU K Thng s Cht lng ch Thng s Cht lng ng

T THUT to sn phm ca d n k sn phm ca d n
1 Cng sut danh nh 600VA 500 VA

2 Cng sut nh 1200W/ 50ms 1000W/ 50ms
3 Dng khng ti 800 mA 800 mA
u vo DC
4 Bnh Accu 12 VDC , 70Ah 12 VDC , 70Ah
5 Di in p lm vic 10,5 13,8 V DC 10,5 13,7 V DC
u ra AC
6 in p 220 V AC 3% 220 V AC 3%
7 Tn s 50 Hz 2 % 50 Hz 2 %
8 Hiu sut 83 % 90%
9 Dng sng Chun sin sin
Qu cng sut my 120% Inverter t
Ngt mch u ra ng ngt
16 Bo v
in p bnh Accu 10,5V 2% in p
Ngc cc Accu, cu ch DC u vo s t
17 n hin th My ang hot ng, my b li, bo mc in p Accu
- Ch to th t 2: B chuyn i P = 600 VA s lng 10 b
- Khc phc cc nhc im cc phin tn nhit, p cc li st khng cht

nn cng sut khng n nh ca thit b sn xut t 1 cho chy th , tham
kho kin ca cc chuyn gia v lnh vc in t.
- Tip tc cho chy th trong phng th nghim:
Kim tra chy in p c quy U = 10,5V =>13,8V chy cc thit b in t

nh: tivi, i, qut,...
- Kim tra ngng ct di U = 10,5V ngt ti bo v c quy.
41
- Kim tra cc thng s k thut nh tn s, cng sut, dng sng ra (vung,
hnh thang, sng hnh sin v. v...).
- Chy th v kim tra trong phng th nghim:
- Kim tra chy in p c quy U = 21V =>29V chy cc thit b in t
nh tivi, i, qut,...
- Kim tra ngng ct di U = 21V ngt ti bo v c quy
- Kim tra thng s k thut nh tn s (50Hz), cng sut (1500VA) v. v..
Bng 2.6: Ch tiu Thng s k thut ca b chuyn i (INVERTER)
12V DC- 220V AC, P = 1500 VA
STT TN CHI TIU K Thng s Cht lng ch Thng s Cht lng ng

THUT to sn phm ca d n k sn phm ca d n
1 Cng sut danh nh 1500VA 1500 W
2 Cng sut nh 4000W/ 50ms
u vo DC
4 Bnh Accu 24 V DC , 100Ah 12 V DC , 100Ah
5 Di in p lm vic 21 28 V DC 10,5 13,7 V DC
u ra AC
6 in p 220 V AC 3% 220 V AC 3%
7 Tn s 50 Hz 2 % 50 Hz 2 %
8 Hiu sut 78 % 90%
9 Dng sng Chun sine sin
Ngt mch u ra ng ngt
16 Bo v
in p bnh Accu 21V 2% in p
Ch to cc b bin i in cng sut 300VA, 1000VA

Qui trnh ch to, kim tra v hon thin cng c tin hnh nh i vi
loi 600VA trnh by trn.
42
b- S lng b bin i in c ch to
- Bin i in sng hnh vung loi P = 300VA: 50 b
- Bin i in sng hnh vung , hnh sin loi P = 600VA: 50 b
- Bin i in sng hnh sin loi P = 1000VA: 50 b
- Bin i in sng hnh sin loi P = 1500VA: 20 b
Tng s: 170 b
2.3.3.3 Cc thng s k thut chnh
- Hiu in th vo: 12, 24vdc 2%
- Hiu in th ra: 220VAC 3%
- Tn s sng ra: 50Hz 2%
- Ngng ct di: 10,5 v 21V DC hoc 180 V AC
- Hiu sut:
o Loi 300, 600VA: 83% i vi loi sng sin
v 85% i vi loi sng vung
o Loi 1000, 1500VA: 78% i vi loi sng sin
- Cc thit b bin i in loi 600, 1500VA c kim nh cht
lng ca sn phm cc o lng cht lng.
Hnh 2-21: B bin i in 12VDC-220VAC, 1000VA ang c

kim tra trong phng th nghim
43
Hnh 2 - 22: Cc thnh phn ca b bin i in
Hnh 2-23: Phn xng lp rp b bin i in
44
2.3.4 Nghin cu thit k v ch to b rung cho n ng 12VDC
Cc h ngun in mt tri h gia nh thng ch phc v chiu sng,
nghe i v cp in cho TV en trng. V tm PMT cng sut nh (40-
70Wp) nn gim tn hao ngi ta thng dng cc ti mt chiu 12VDC.
V vy cc n chiu sng trong h thng ny phi dng loi n ng
12VDC. Mun vy cn phi thit k v ch to cc b rung in t hay cng
chnh l cc b bin i in n gin cng sut nh chuyn in 12VDC
t c qui thnh in xoay chiu cao th 400- 600V nui n. Thit k v
ch to cc b rung hiu sut cao cho n ng 12V cng l mt nhim v ca
d n ny.
Ch to cc loi n ti cc phng th nghim ca Vin Nng Lng
c xp xp theo trnh t sau:
- Thit k mch in t
- Thu chy mch in
- Mua vt t nh dy ng, cc linh kin in t, mng n v .v..
B t ng n nh cng sut, nhm m bo cho n sng bnh
thng. Khi in p c qui thay i : t 10,5V => 13,8 V.
Dao ng v khuych i cng sut to ra tn hiu xung khong
f = 15KHz.
Bin p xung a ra in p ln nhm kch cho n tup sng
2.3.4.1- Mch in t nguyn l
S khi
T ng Dao ng
n nh V K Bin p
12V DC n
Cs ra Cng sut xung
Hnh 2 - 24: S khi mch b rung n ng 60cm, 10W
Cc hnh 2.24 v 2.25 l s khi v s nguyn l mch in t

b rung cho n ng 20W- 60cm, n tit kim 10W bn hay treo tng .
in mt chiu 12V DC c b dao ng to ra cc sng vung tn s
15kHz. B khuch i s to ra sng c bin 400V.
45
S nguyn l
R1K/1W
L
A G
203 t
203 t E
D F
Hnh 2.25: S mch nguyn l b rung cho n ng
. Lp rp:
- Mch in c thu ch to theo kch thc thit k
- Linh kin m bo v s lng v cht lng
- Qun bin p xung theo s liu sau:
- Din tch ( 1 x 1) cm2
- Yu cu qun dy ra u cho ng chiu:
Cun A v D qun dy emay 0,4, 2 vng
Cun B v C qun dy emay 0,9, 7 vng
Cun G v F qun dy emay 0,4, 3 vng
Cun E qun dy emay 0,4, 85 vng
- Hai bng bn dn c gn trn phin tn nhit
- Cun L qun trn li ferit h ng knh 2,5 cm 65 vng dy
emay 0,9.
46
- Hiu chnh v hon thin:
- Tn s dao ng trong khong (15 =>20 ) KHz
- Kim tra : in p ra, kim tra cc u dy ra ca cun bin p
- o dng tiu th ton mch khi n sng bnh thng, sng
lux.
- iu chnh in p vo t 10,5V => 13,8V m sng ca n
khng thay i l c
Chy th 20 pht m nhit hai phin tn nhit di 400C l cht
lng m bo
Hnh 2 - 26: B rung n 20W sau khi lp rp
47
:
Hnh 2- 27: Chy th n trong phng th nghim
Hnh 2.28: Cc b rung c lp cho n ng 60cm v cc n rut g

2.3.4.2 Qu trnh ch to
Ch to b rung (kch) n 12V- 10W, 20W :
Ch to th t 1: B kch n I = 1,3A s lng 5 b.
B kch n I = 0,9A s lng 5 b
48
Cc n c lp hon thin cho chy th trong thi gian l 8 gi, mi
gi kim tra dng I = 1,5 => 1,6 A, n tit kim I = 0,86 => 0,9A ghi vo s
theo di. Nu dng ca n thay i phi xem li linh kin in t. Trong
qu trnh sn xut n 20 W phi thay i con t 100V thay t 200V.
Trong qu trnh chy th dng ca n khng thay i l thit b m bo ng
cht v ni ng dng chy cao nht l 5 ting
Kim tra n chy th c quy U = 10,5V n 13,8V theo di xem dng c
thay i khng , nu dng n nh l c
Kim tra c quy U < 10,5V ngt ti bo v c quy
Ch to 2: B n I = 1,55 1,6A s lng 400 b
B n I = 0,86 0,9A s lng 60 b
Tng s: 460 b.
2.3.5 Ch to chn gi
Ch to chn gi ca cc trm pin mt tri, xem to ca tng khu
vc lp t trm pin mt tri, v tr lp t m bo c cc yu cu sau:
- Kch thc ph hp vi thit b
- Kt cu tho lp d dng , kiu dng cng nghip
- m bo bn, chu c gi cp cao nht
- Chu c mi trng nc mn, m cao tng vng v
v tr lp t.
Thit k bn v v gia cng ti xng ca Vin Nng lng (Xem phn
ph lc).
2.3.6 ng dng thc t cc thit b c thit k ch to

Cc thit b do D n nghin cu, thit k v sn xut c ng dng
th nghim cho mt s d n in mt tri cc tnh min ni v hi o.
2.3.6.1 ng dng ti o C T:
Thit b ch to sau khi c chy th trong phng th nghim,
kim tra mi thng s m bo yu cu k thut, c ng dng th nghim
ti o C T vi s lng nh sau:
- B iu khin loi I = 40A , s lng 01 b
- B chuyn i in sng hnh sin loi P = cng sut 1000VA, s lng
08 b
49
- Trm pin mt tri cng sut P = 160 Wp ng dng trn tu ca mt
gia nh ng dn t trang b.
Sau thi gian s dng k t 10/2004 cho n nay cc thit b do d n
thit k v ch to hot ng rt tt, tin cy.
2.3.6.2 ng dng ti Tnh Gia Lai:
- Thit b ch to ra c th nghim trong phng th nghim m bo
tiu chun k thut ng dng th ti Tnh Gia Lai s lng nh sau:
Thit b ch to t u chy th trong phng th nghim mang i lp
t ti Gia Lai t 11/2004, trong thi gian vn hnh thit b lm vic n nh
ng ngt hon ton t ng cc c s ng dng rt hi lng v thit b v n
ph hp vi dn tr ca min ni v hi o.
2.3.6.3 ng dng ti o L Sn Tnh Qung Ngi:
Thc hin lp t ti o L Sn thit b hot ng c tt, kho
st bc x ca trm kh tng ti Qung Ngi:
Tng bc x mt tri trung bnh theo thng nm trn tnh qung ngi
n v ( cal/cm2ngy )
To 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C
nm
15008 246 325 403 489 505 502 494 495 459 343 248 233 395,2
S gi nng trung bnh thng v nm trn tnh qung ngi

n v ( h )
Thng/1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 C nm
125,2 155,3 216,7 238,3 273,6 245,4 260 233,9 200,3 162,2 110,4 101,4 2322,7
Da vo bng bc x v s gi nng v nhu cu tiu th in mt tri ca

Tnh Qung Ngi ta tnh ra cng sut lp t cc trm pin mt tri nh sau:
20 trm pin mt tri gia nh mi trm P = 75Wp
Vt t ca trm pin mt tri nh sau:
50
1- Tm pin mt tri:
Nhp 30 tm pin mt tri t c k hiu BP375, 75W, 12V
Cc thng s k thut nh bng 2.7.
Bng 2.7 - Cc thng s k thut ca pin mt tri
Thng s BP 375(75Wp)
Cng sut cc i 75W
in p danh nh 12V
in p cc i 17V
Dng in cc i 4,45A
in p h mch 21,4V
Dng in ngn mch 4,75A
Trng lng 7,5kg
Hnh 2. l cc tm PMT c nhp t cng ty BP cho d n Qung Ngi.
Hnh 2-29: Cc tm PMT BP cho d n Qung ngi
51
Hnh 2-30: Vt t thit b cho cc d n in mt tri th nghim
Hnh 2.31: Dy cp in cho cc d n in mt tri th nghim
52
Hnh 2-32: Cc n bn cho tr nh hc bi
2- Vt t thit b cho d n in mt tri o L Sn, Qung Ngi
- Bng n:
Bng n tit kim loi 10W s lng 40 ci
Bng n loi 20W s lng 100 ci
Hnh 2-33: Trm pin mt tri lp ti o nh L Sn Qung Ngi P = 75Wp

( Gia nh b Tnh )
53
( Gia nh ng Hi )

( trm y t o)
54
( M Ph nui tr m ci )
Cng tc v cc ph kin khc:

o Cc ph kin trn m bo cho 23 trm pin mt tri lp ti o L Sn
o Thit k ch to chn gi ca 23 trm pin mt tri
o c quy kh ca Nam Triu Tin: Loi 100Ah s lng 28 ci.
2.3.6.3- ng dng ti o Hn Mun Tnh Khnh Ho:

D ny c trin khai ng dng lp t ti o Hn Mun s lng nh
sau:
01 trm pin mt tri gia nh P = 160 Wp
01 trm pin mt tri gia nh P = 320Wp
Cc trm pin ny c lp t ti o Hn Mun cc thit b u pht
huy rt tt. Thit b ch to ra ng ngt u hon ton t ng mang tnh
cht cng nghip, ngi s dng hon ton yn tm v thit b.
55
Hnh 2-37: Trm pin mt tri lp ti o Hn Mun Tnh Khnh Ho
P = 160Wp
Hnh 2-38: Trm pin mt tri lp ti o Hn Mun Tnh Khnh Ho

P = 320Wp
56
2.3.6.4 ng dng ti Huyn Vn n tnh Qung Ninh:
D n ny c trin khai ng dng lp t ti o s lng nh sau:

Thit b thay th: 05 B iu khin
03 b bin i in loi 600VA
Cc thit b ny iu s dng tt lp t thng 10/2004 u hot ng tt
2.3.6.5 ng dng ti cc n v Hi qun:

03 trm pin mt tri P = 100Wp
Cc trm pin ny lp cc n v Hi qun u dng rt tt phc v
nhu cu s dng thit b ti.
2.3.6.6 ng dng ti Cng ty TNHH Nh nc mt thnh vin:

2.3.6.7 ng dng ti Huyn Qung B Tnh H Giang:

16 B iu khin I = 15A
03 B i in loi 300VA
2.3.6.8 ng dng ti Cc k thut TCII B Quc Phng:

D n cn cung cp cho mt s a phng, thay th thit b cc trm
pin mt tri ca cc c quan khc lp, cho trm pin hot ng bnh
thng.
Thc hin D n Vin s trin khai lp t mt s trm pin mt tri
phc v vng su, vng xa, hi o, nhm mc ch a nh sng v cc
vng m li in khng vn ti nh : o N, o Hn M, o Nha
Trang, Lai Chu, Cao Bng v.v
57
Phn III
Kinh Ph D n
Trong thi gian thc hin D n, cc cn b nghin cu v ch to cc

thit b ca trm pin mt tri c mt kt qu rt ng kch l.
Kinh ph ti gm hai ngun vn:
Ngun vn ngn sch: 1700 triu
Ngun vn t c: 1.000 triu
Ngun vn thu hi: 1015,2 triu
Kinh ph thc hin:
Ch to thit b:
B iu khin
B bin i in
Cc loi n
Ch to chn gi
Mua sm vt t
Lp rp v lp t cc trm pin mt tri ti hai o L Sn, o Hn
Mun v mt s Huyn min ni ca cc Tnh.
3.1 Kinh ph ch to
Ch nhim D n cho ch to cc thit b ph ca trm pin mt tri
theo cng sut thng dng ti Vit Nam. Thit b ch to ph hp vi iu
kin mi trng, dn tr min ni hi o. D n to cho cn b k thut
nng cao c trnh chuyn mn, sn xut, tip cn thc t.
Kinh ph ti c th ch to ra c nhiu thit b khc nhau v hon
thin cc thit b ca trm pin mt tri.
3.1.1 Ch to b iu khin
Loi b iu khin I = 10 A thay bng I = 15A nhng kinh ph khng
thay i, gi thnh l 400.000/b, gi nc ngoi l 120 USD/b phc v
cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 50Wp n 200 Wp
Loi b iu khin I = 30 A gi thnh l 1350/b gi nc ngoi l
166,7 USD/b, dng cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 200Wp n
400 Wp
Loi b iu khin I = 40A gi thnh l 1550.000/b gi nc ngoi
l 194,25 USD/b, dng cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 400Wp
n 600 Wp.
Cc b iu khin trn phc v cho cc trm pin mt tri lp t ti
min ni v hi o c gi thnh ch bng 40% n 50% nhp ngoi (c bo
gi bn bng 3-1).
58
3.1.2 Ch to b bin i in:
Loi b i in P = 300VA gi thnh l 670.000/b gi nc ngoi
l 270 USD/b, phc v cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 100Wp
n 200 Wp
Loi b i in P = 600VA gi thnh l 1100.000/b gi nc ngoi
l 450 USD/b, phc v cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 200Wp
n 400 Wp
Loi b i in P = 1000VA, gi thnh l 5600.000/b gi nc
ngoi l 930 USD/b, phc v cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t
400Wp n 600 Wp
Loi b i in P = 1500VA Kinh ph b i in ny cn kh cao, t
p dng ti Vit Nam, nn ch to vi s lng hn ch, gi bn bng 3-2.
3.1.3 Ch to Cc loi n:
Loi n 0,6m P = 20W mc c nh trong nh, n loi ny tiu th
in nng ln, khng tit kim, gi thnh l 85.000/b, gi nc ngoi l 25
USD/b. Loi n tit kim P = 10W c tnh u vit, ch yu cho cc chu
nh hc, gi thnh l 150.000/b gi nc ngoi l 29,92 USD /b, gi bn
bng 3-3.
3.1.4 Cc loi vt t thit b khc:

- Thit k chn gi
- Mua sm vt t
- Trong D n ny thit b sn sut bn ra rt chm, ch nhim D n
c cng vn gi B Khoa hc v Cng ngh thay i mt s hng mc trong
d n: Nhp hng cc tm pin mt tri v bn km vi cc thit b sn xut
ra, phng n ny p dng rt tt, d dng trin khai lp t.
3.2 Trin khai lp t

- Lp t ti o nh L Sn Tnh Qung Ngi 23 trm P=2250 Wp
- Lp t ti Huyn Minh Long Tnh Qung Ngi 01 trm P = 160 Wp
- Lp t ti o Hn Mun Tnh Khnh Ho 02 trm P = 480 Wp
- Lp t ti Huyn Vn n Tnh Qung Ninh 01 trm P = 160 Wp
- Lp t ti Hi qun 03 trm P = 300 Wp
- Lp t ti Cng tyTNHH th 01 trm P = 80 Wp
- Lp t ti o Ct 01 trm P = 160 Wp
- Lp t ti Tng cc k thut 01 trm P = 80 Wp
- Lp t ti trm kh tng thu vn 02 trm P = 210 Wp
- Lp t ti Nng trng Kim giang 03 trm P = 210 Wp
Tng s lp t ti cc a phng P = 4.090 Wp
59
3.3 Gi bn thit b
A - Gi bn b iu khin
Cc b iu khin do d n sn xut c cc thng s k thut tng
ng loi nhp ngoi, nhng gi thnh bng 50 - 60% gi nhp ngoi. Ngoi
ra, tnh nng vn hnh ph hp vi dn tr min ni v hi o nc ta.
Bng 3.1- Gi bn cc b iu khin

TT Loi b iu khin Gi (VN) Ghi ch
1 12, 24VDC: - SR 15A 600.000 gi bn l ti
- SR 30A 1.600.000 thi im
- SR 40A 1.800.000 hin nay
Thi gian s dng vo khong t 8 - 10 nm thi gian bo hnh thit b l

ba nm
B Gi bn b bin i in
Trong iu kin sn xut th nghim v lot nh vic tnh gi thnh ch c
tnh cht tng i, nhng iu khng nh l r hn thit b nhp ngoi cng
loi khong 25-30%. C th l gi tnh ton s b c cho trong bng sau.
Bng 3.2:- Gi bn cc b bin i in
TT Loi b bin i in Gi (VN) Ghi ch

1 12, 24VDC- 220VAC, 300W 900.000
Loi 600 W - Sng vung 1.300. 000 Gi bn l
- Sng sin 2. 800. 000 ti thi im
2 12, 24VDC- 220VAC, 1000W- 1500W hin nay
- Sng hnh thang loi 1000W 2.800.000
- Sng hnh sin loi 1000W 6.600.000
- Sng sin loi 1500 7.600.000
Thi gian s dng vo khong t 5 nm n 8 nm thi gian bo hnh thit
b l 2 nm.
Bng 3.3: Gi bn cc b n
TT Loi b n Gi (VN) Ghi ch

1 12V DC 0,6m 18 20W 120.000 Gi bn l
2 12V DC n bn 10W 200.000 ti thi im
hin nay
Thi gian s dng b rung ca n vo khong t 5 nm n 8 nm thi gian
bo hnh thit b l 2 nm.
60
3.4 Hiu qu Kinh t
Cc trm pin mt tri lp t ti cc a phng mang li mt

hiu qu rt tt, cung cp in cho nhiu loi ph ti nh: trm y t, tr s y
ban, h tp th v cc h gia nh. nh gi gia pin mt tri v my pht
in chy xng l rt kh so snh bi mi mt loi c nhng c tnh ring.
3.4.1 Tnh gi 1 kWh my pht in chy xng
Gi thnh 1 kWh chy my pht ca cc o l khc nhau v c nh
nc tr gi. Theo tnh ton ca in lc ca cc huyn l rt khc nhau:
- o C T (cc gia nh chung nhau pht t hch ton ) 6.340/ kWh
- o Ph Quc (gi in chy my pht ca cc h) 8000 /1 kWh
- o L Sn (cc gia nh chung nhau pht t hch ton) 6.447/ kWh
3.4.2 Tnh gi 1 kWh chy bng trm pin mt tri

1. Trm pin mt tri c thit b nhp ngoi
n v S n gi Thnh tin
Tn thit b
lng ( ng ) ( ng )
Pin mt tri: BP, P = 75W Tm 01 6.579.000 6.579.000
B iu khin loi GCR2020 B 01 1.914.000 1.914.000

I = 15A=> 20A, gi 120USD
c qui kh khng cn bo dng 12V Ci 01 1.150.000 1.150.000

90 Ah ( Nam Triu Tin)
n tup DC=AC, 12V - 10W, 29USD B 02 463.000 926.000
n tit kim, 12V , 10 W B 02 463.000 463.000
Dy in, cp cc loi c chng m 40 10.000 400.000
chng
Chn gi B 01 350.000 350.000
Bng dnh, c quy, vt liu xy dng 100.000 100.000
Vn chuyn, lp t, VAT 1.131.000
Cng 13.013.000
61
2. Trm pin mt tri c thit b ch to trong nc
n v S n gi Thnh tin
Tn thit b lng ( ng ) ( ng )
Pin mt tri: BP, P = 75W Tm 01 6.579.000 6.579.000
B iu khin VN ( Ch toVNL)I =15A B 01 600.000 600.000
c qui kh khng cn bo dng Ci 01 1.150.000 1.150.000
12V 90 Ah ( Nam Triu Tin)
n tup DC=AC, 12V - 20W B 02 120.000 240.000
n tit kim, 12V , 10 W B 02 200.000 200.000
Dy in, cp cc loi c chng chng m 40 10.000 400.000
Chn gi B 01 350.000 350.000
Bng dinh, c quy, vt liu xy dng 100.000 100.000
Cng 10.750.000
- u t trm pin mt tri 75 Wp = 10.750.000

- Tin thay th: 04 c quy x 900.000 = 2.700.000
01b iu khin x 600.000 = 600.000
- Cc chi ph khc = 600.000
.
Cng chi ton b 14.650.000
Nng lng trm pin mt tri cung cp in trong mt ngy vi bc x
trung bnh Qung Ngi l: 395,2 cal/ cm2 ngy cho mt h dn sng trn
o:
A = Wp(QTC) x h ( QTC ) np
Trong :
A l nng lng trm pin mt tri 75Wp pht trong 1 ngy n v Wh
WpQTC cng sut ca tm pin mt iu kin bc x tiu chun.
h QTC S gi quy i (Eo = 1000W/m2)
np hiu sut tng sn lng gm dn pin v b tch tr
A = 75W x 4,6h/ngy x 0,85 = 293 Wh/ ngy
Lng in nng sn xut c trong nm tui th thit b :
B = 293 Wh/ ngy x 365 ngy x 22 nm = 2.352.790 Wh
B 2.353 kWh
Gi thnh 1 kWh in mt tri l:
14.650.000/ 2353 kWh = 6.236/ kWh
u t trm pin mt tri lp cho min ni v hi o l hp l v gi
thnh trm pin mt tri l r hn so vi s dng ngun in chy ng c
xng, tin li cho ngi s dng, cc b iu khin, n v.v.. c sn xut
trong nc. Tuy vy u t ban u ca trm pin mt qu ln so vi mc thu
nhp ca ngi dn min ni v hi o l qu sc ca ngi dn.
Chy bng my pht in chy xng, u t ban u loi my 1kW
trung bnh vo c t 4 triu n 5 triu, cn mt s gia nh dng loi my
62
pht ca tu gi cn h hn. Nhc im ca loi pht in ny hng ngy
phi b ra mt s tin mua nhin liu, gi nhin liu ngy mt cao nn
ngi dn s dng li gp kh khn hn.
D n ch to c cc thit b ca trm pin mt tri :
1. T ch to c cc thit b ca trm pin nh b iu khin, b bin
i in, cc loi n, tit kim cho nh nc c ngoi t ng k so vi
thit b nhp ngoi
2.Thay th cc ph kin b hng ca trm pin mt lp trc.
3. Phi hp khoa hc gia c quan nh nc vi cc doanh nghip t
nhn nhm pht trin kinh t nc nh.
4. Trong D n mang li hiu qu l phc v nh sng sinh hat cho
vng su vng xa, thng tin lin lc gia t lin vi o.
5. D n ny mang li kinh t :
* Gi thnh thit b ch bng 40% n 50% nhp ngoi. Di dy l mt vi
thit b ch to so vi gi nhp ngoi:
A. B iu khin
B iu khin loi I = 15A nu nhp ngoi s tin l:
225 b x 120USD x15.950 = 430.630.000 ng
B iu khin loi I = 15A ch to trong nc s tin l:
225 b x 600.000 = 135.000.000 ng
B. B n tit kim.
- n tit kim loi P = 10W gi nhp ngoi ( khi bng en u khng c
bng thay ):
60 b x 29 USD x 15.950 = 27.733.000
- n tit kim loi P = 10W gi ch to trong nc:
60 b x 200.000 = 12.000.000
C. B bin i in:
B bin i in loi P = 1000VA gi nhp ngoi
50b x 930USD x 15.950 = 742.675.000
B bin i in loi P = 1000VA gi ch to trong nc
50b x 6.600.000 = 330.000.000
Tng chi ph thit b ngoi nhp : 1.200.408.000
Tng chi ph thit b sn xut trong nc : 477.000.000
Tng s tin tit kim c : 723.408.000
nh gi c s thnh cng ca D n, Ch nhim v anh em thc
hin thy rng d n c hiu qu tt, tit kim ngoi t, to cho cng nhn
c cng n vic lm, cn b khoa hc tip xc thc t sn xut.
63
3. 5 Kinh ph duyt thc hin D n
Bng ti chnh d n
n v : ng
Kinh ph s nghip khoa hc Ngun khc

S TT Ni dung Tng s
K hoch Thc hin K hoch Thc hin
1 Thu khon chuyn mn 120.000.000 100.000.000 101.849.135 20.000.000 20.000.000
2 Thit b my mc mua mi 144.000.000 129.000.000 25.247.800 15.000.000 15.000.000
3 Nguyn nhin vt liu, cng ngh 1.893.000.000 1.350.700.000 1.437.451.945 542.300.000
4 Khu hao thit b xng c 334.000.000 334.000.000 334.000.000
5 Nh xng b xung 73.700.000 73.700.000 73.700.000
6 Chi khc 135.300.000 120.300.000 135.451.120 15.000.000 20.712.701
Cng 2.700.000.000 1.700.000.000 1.700.000.000 1.000.000.000 463.412.701
Tng kinh ph: 2.163.412.701 ng

Kinh ph ngn sch: 1.700.000.000 ng
Kinh ph ca Vin: 463.412.701 ng
64
Phn IV
Kt lun v kin ngh
Sau 2 nm trin khai khn trng d n hon thnh tt khi lng cc

ni dung c k kt trong hp ng vi cht lng cao. Cc sn phm c
th bao gm:
- Cc loi B iu khin
- Cc loi B bin i in
- Cc loi n 12VDC
- Cc d n in mt tri th nghim
Vi s lng y v cht lng y .
S thnh cng ca d n cn to ra cc tin nhn rng m hnh kt
hp trm pin mt tri vi cc dng nng lng khc nhm y mnh chin
lc pht trin bn vng, s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu.
Ngoi ra qua thc hin d n trnh KHCN ca cc cn b tham gia d
n c nng cao r rt c v l thuyt cng nh hot ng thc t.
T kt qu ca d n chng ta c th rt ra cc kt lun sau y:
1- Nu c c linh kin, vt t m bo cht lng chng ta hon ton
c th thit k ch to trong nc tt c cc thnh phn in t v cc thnh
phn khc trong H thng in mt tri (tr tm pin mt tri), cht lng
m bo, kiu dng p v vi gi ch bng khong 50 - 60% so vi gi nhp
ngoi. Ni cch khc l trnh k thut v cng ngh trong nc hon ton
c th sn xut c cc thit b in t trong cc h ngun in nng lng
mi ni chung v in mt tri ni ring vi gi c r hn, cht lng tt.
2- Sn xut trong nc to iu kin thun li cho cng tc vn hnh bo
dng cc h in mt tri. Ngoi ra n cn kch thch pht trin kinh t- x hi,
to cng n vic lm, tng thu nhp cho ngi lao ng, tit kim ngoi t.
3- in mt tri l cng ngh rt thch hp cho cc khu vc nng thn
vng su, vng xa cha hoc khng c li in v khng c ngun thu
in. S pht trin in mt tri s gp phn y nhanh chng trnh in kh
ho nng thn.
Sau nhiu nm hot ng trn lnh vc NLM&TT, chng ti c th
rt ra mt s kinh nghim v s thnh cng v c cha thnh cng ca cc
d n. Di y xin mnh dn a ra mt s kin ngh nh sau:
65
A. i vi nh nc:
c th trin khai tt cng tc nghin cu ng dng NLM ni chung
v nng lng mt tri ni ring Nh nc cn c chnh sch r rng v vic
khai thc v s dng ngun ti nguyn ny. Cho n nay, Vit Nam thc s
cha c mt chnh sch c th v NLM&TT. Mi hot ng nghin cu, ng
dng u mang tnh cht t pht v cm tnh. S u t cho lnh vc ny rt
nh nhoi v hn ch. V vy cc iu kin phc v nghin cu, pht trin v
ng dng NLM v vt cht v nhn lc u rt thiu thn. Trong khi do
yu cu v in kh ho nng thn, tng bc p ng nng lng cho vng
su vng xa, do yu cu v bo v mi trng, ngun nng lng ny ngy
cng c vai tr v v tr quan trng trong cn bng nng lng nc ta.
Chnh v vy chng ti kin ngh Nh nc cn sm c v ban hnh chnh
sch NLM&TT. Trc mt, i vi cc d n NLM cn c min cc loi
thu v Nh nc cn c chnh sch h tr thch ng ban u.
i vi cc d n NLM ni chung v in mt tri ni ring khu vc
vng su vng xa th cng tc Qun l trc v sau d n l v cng quan
trng. Trc lc xy dng v thc hin mt d n no th cn phi iu tra
kho st rt t m. Cc ni dung nh: dn c a phng c thit tha vi d
n khng? Trong vng 10 nm ti a phng c in li khng? Kh nng
kinh t ca a phng c th m bo tr mt phn tin in v cc chi ph
vn hnh bo dng khng? Sau vi ba nm, khi mt s thnh phn trong h
in mt tri h hng liu dn c th mua sm thay th c khng?...Nu
cc cu hi trn u c cu tr li tch cc, th trc khi lp t h thng cn
yu cu cc h lm bn cam kt, v d nh:
- Cam kt vn hnh, bo dng theo ng qui trnh k thut, cng ngh
- Cam kt tr ph ph hng thng (nu c)
- Cam kt t mua vt liu, ph tng thay th khi h thng c hng hc
- V cc cam kt cn thit khc.
Cc bn cam kt ny cn c s xc nhn ca chnh quyn a phng.
B. i vi a phng c tip nhn d n
Xy dng o to mt t k thut mnh c th m ng vic
bo dng thng xuyn cc h thng. C th l: c tp hun chuyn mn
y , c cung cp cc my o, kim tra v dng c cn thit, c kinh ph
hot ng c tinh thn trch nhim cao...
66
T k thut cn nh k kim tra cc vi phm qui trnh, qui phm v c
bin php cnh co, x pht nhng h t thay i h thng, khng theo ch
dn ca cc nh chuyn mn.
Tt nhin duy tr s hot ng hiu qu ca t k thut cn c c
ch thu tin in thch hp c kinh ph ph cp cho cc thnh vin ca t.
Cc d n nn dnh mt phn kinh ph xy dng mt mng li
dch v n tn thn bn c d n nh c s cung cp bng n, nc ct, c
qui v dung dch a xt,...
C. i vi n v trin khai d n:
Kho st cc a im lp t cho ph hp vi iu kin mi trng v
kh hu, bc x ca tng vng, chn cc tm nng lng mt tri, thit b nh
b iu khin , c quy.v..v c kh nng p ng c mi iu kin ca tng
vng, m nng cao tui th ca thit b.
Chn v tr tng im ng dng, thit k cng sut ph hp vi ph ti
nhu cu s dng, ni lp t cc trm pin mt tri khng b che khut trong
sut thi gian hot ng.
Cc trm pin mt tri lp t ti cc a phng phi c tn trng k
thut, m bo cht lng v m thut, tin li cho ngi s dng, thao tc
n gin v lp cc trm pin mt cc vng c trnh vn ho thp.
o to cho cc h lp t cc trm pin mt tri vn hnh thit b thnh tho:
- M lp tp hun ti a phng.
- C cn b a phng chuyn trch theo di chung ca tt c cc trm
lp t .
- Trang b cc thit b ti thiu nh ng h , dng c cho cn b theo di
to iu kin cho sa cha nh cc trm lp t ti a phng .
- Lp cc trm pin mt tri nn tp trung thnh tng bn hay lng, to
iu kin gip nhau v k thut, cch s dng.
D. Kinh ph
Kinh ph thc hin D n rt eo hp, ng dng mt o c tnh
hnh x hi qu phc tp, nn d n khng thu hi 60% kinh ph, cc cn b
khoa hc phi tit kim ti a cc khon chi ph, s tin trn phi ly t cc
khon trang b cc thit b o.
D n xin b xung 400 triu hon thin cc loi n cho ph hp, cc
loi thit b , b iu khin, b bin i in bng vt liu nha chu nhit,
hay composit.
67
Li cm n
Nhng ngi thc hin D n xin chn thnh cm n s gip qu

bu v hiu qu ca B Khoa hc v Cng ngh, B Cng nghip, Vin Nng
lng v cc c quan, a phng phi hp thc hin d n.
H Ni ngy 30 thng 3 nm 2006
68
Ti liu tham kho
1) Epro - Manual of Sofware for the Financial Evaluation of

Investment Projects in Energy Sunpply, AEEMTRC,Jakarta - 1998
2) Solar Photovoltaic Technology, Dr .G.N. Tiwari,Narosa Plblishing

House New Delhi - 1999
3) Photovoltaic Sytems Dr Prof. N.K .Bansal, Omega Scientific

Publisher New Dilhi - 2001
4) Website www.bpsolar.com.
5) Website www.accusonne.com.
6) Tham kho sch l thuyt mch ca H Bch khoa H Ni.
69
Phn ph lc cc bn v thit k
gi dn pin mt tri 75W
3 khung bt dn
5 O60
581
621
150
110

70
508
540
2
Thanh ngang sl:02

1500
l 40x40x4; l = 620
40
20
4 l O10 110
581
620
1
2 l O10 x thp
Thanh bt dn sl:02
100
O8 x 200 mng
l 40x40x4; l = 540
50
40
Tm m: 01
20
60 2 l O8 110 2 l O10
L =150x150x5
508
540
O60
S Khi
Tn chi tit Qui cch
150
110
TT lng lng
1 Ct Thp ng O60x4 01
2 Tm m u ct Chi tit hn 01
3 Bu lng hm M10 x 30 08 110 Vin nng lng
L 40 x 40 x 4 150 Phng NL Gi - Mt tri H thng gi dn pin mt tri
4 Thanh ngang L = 620 mm 02
CNA V Hng Sn
L 40 x 40 x 4
5 Thanh dn L = 540 mm 02 Kim tra Phm Hng Vn Loi dn 75W
6 Bu lng kp dn M6 x 30 04 Phm Hng Vn
Thit k
Nguyn Gia Xun Vt liu : thp CT3 TL :
Ngy hon thnh: / 2006
Ngu ?i v? Nguyn Gia Xun Khi lng : Kg T s :
67
khung bt dn
1085
3
4
5
581
621
150
O 60
150

70
508
Thanh bt dn SL: 02
L 40x40x4; l = 1085
1500
20
40
4 l O 8 L40 x 40 x 4
1085
Thanh ngang sl:02

1
l 40x40x4; l = 620
2 l O10 x thp
100
O8 x 200 mng
4
8
4 l O10 110
50
581
620
60
120
Qui cch S Khi
TT Tn chi tit
lng lng
120
150
1 Ct Thp ng O60x4 01 Tm m :
L =150x150x5
2 Tm m u ct Chi tit hn 01
150 Vin nng lng
3 Bu lng hm M10 x 30 08 H thng gi dn pin mt tri
Phng NL Gi - Mt tri
L 40 x 40 x 4
4 Thanh ngang L = 620 mm 02 CNA V Hng Sn
5 Thanh dn
L 40 x 40 x 4
02
Kim tra Phm Hng Vn Loi dn 150W
L = 1085 mm
Phm Hng Vn
6 Bu lng kp dn M6 x 30 08 Thit k
68
khung bt dn
3 2175
508
581
621
150
150
5
150 150

70
1600
Thanh bt dn sl : 02
1500
2 L 40x40x4; L = 2175 mm
20
40
8 l O 8 L40 x 40 x 4
2175
1
2 l O10 x thp Thanh ngang sl:04
100
O8 x 200 mng
l 40x40x4; l = 620
50
20
40
60
4 l O 10 L40 x 40 x 4
120
620
Qui cch S Khi
TT Tn chi tit
lng lng
120
150
1 Ct Thp ng O60x4 02 Tm m :
02 L =150x150x5
2 Tm m u ct Chi tit hn
150 Vin nng lng
3 Bu lng hm M10 x 30 16 H thng gi dn pin mt tri
Phng NL Gi - Mt tri
L 40 x 40 x 4
4 Thanh ngang L = 620 mm 04 CNA V Hng Sn
5 Thanh dn
L 40 x 40 x 4
02
Kim tra Phm Hng Vn Loi dn 300W
L = 2175 mm
Phm Hng Vn
6 Bu lng kp dn M6 x 30 16 Thit k
69
178
120
20
15
17
17
120
95
20
19
,5
R1
4 13 42
20
17 17 17
77
18
Vin Nng lng

V hp iu khin
Phng Nng lng Gi v Mt tri
Kim sot V Th Ging
Thit k Theo mu Np trn
Ngi v Nguyn Vn An
Vt liu: S lng: 01 Ngy hon thnh
Khi lng: T l: 1:1
70
178
119
42,48 29,5
16
R=6
46
24
MAT TREN
6
108 8 17 10
10 17 8 108
6
24
36
MAT DI
6
119
178
Vin Nng lng

V hp iu khin
Kim sot V Th Ging
Thit k Theo mu Np trn - np di
Ngi v Nguyn Vn An
Khi lng: T l: 1:1
71
64 64 72
58 32 36
32
R2
8,5
,5
15
15
R1
7,5 18
16
27,5
9,5
24
24
R1
64
64
24
90
84
17,5 5 10
30 21
10
17,5
5,75 R1
20
10
13 14 11,5 18,75
55
5
22,5
55
14
B C
A
GHI CHU:Vo sat Sola 10A va 30A dung chung rieng toa nhiet 10A dung A ghep vi B, con 30A th dung ca A,B,C
Vin Nng lng

V hp iu khin
Kim sot V Th Ging
Thit k Theo mu Cnh tn nhit
Ngi v Nguyn Vn An
Khi lng: T l: 1:1
72
V HP B BIN I IN
73
B TN NHIT
74
Tng cng ty in lc vit nam
Vin nng lng
Bo co tm tt khoa hc v k thut
D n sn xut th nghim
Xy dng dy chuyn sn xut, lp rp

v lp t cc thit b trm pin mt tri
phc v min ni v hi o
(lp t th nghim ti o L sn tnh Qung Ngi)
Ch nhim d n:
TS. Phm Khnh Ton
H ni 3/2006 1
Phn I - tm tt ni dung chnh ca d n NCKH v
Pht trin cng ngh
Hin nay s dng ngun nng lng mt tri pht in ti ch vi cng sut nh
phc v sinh hat nhm nng cao i sng tinh thn ngi dn min ni v hi o l
mt hng i c tnh kh thi iu kin nc ta.
nc ta nng lng ti to v ang c khai thc ng dng phc v i sng

vn ha, chnh tr x hi cho nhn dn vng su, vng xa, hi o ni khng c ngun
in li, di cc hnh thc sau:
+ Trm pin mt tri lp t ti tng gia nh.
+ Trm pin mt tri lp t phc v h tp th (to ngun tp trung).
Xut pht t mc ch v yu cu pht trin kinh t x hi min ni hi o, Vin Nng

lng tin hnh thc hin D n sn xut th nghim: Xy dng dy chuyn sn
xut, lp rp cc thit b trm pin mt tri phc v min ni v hi o (Lp t th
nghim ti o L Sn, Qung Ngi).
2
Danh mc cc sn phm KHCN nghim thu
TT Tn sn phm S lng Cc ch tiu kinh t- k thut ch yu

1 B iu khin: I = 15 A 225 b I = 15A, U = 13,8V ngt np, U = 12,6Vsc li U = 10,5V ngt ti, hiu sut 90 =>95%,
t0=400
I = 30A :110 b 110 b I = 30A, U = 13,8V ngt np, U = 12,6Vsc li U = 10,5V ngt ti, hiu sut 90 =>95%,
t0=400
I = 40A: 110 b. 110 b I = 40A, U = 13,8V ngt np, U = 12,6Vsc li U = 10,5V ngt ti, hiu sut 89 =>94%,
t0=400
2 B i in:12VDC/220AC, 300VA 50 b 300VA, sng thang 220V, 50Hz, c qui 10,5V ngt ti, ngt ti AC 180V, hiu sut 85%.
12VDC/220AC 600VA 50b 600VA, sng sin 220V, 50Hz, c qui 10,5V ngt ti, ngt ti AC 180V, hiu sut 85%.
24V DC / 220AC, 1500VA 20 b 1500VA, sng sin 220V, 50Hz, c qui 21V ngt ti, ngt ti AC 180V, hiu sut 78%
12VDC/220AC, 1000WVA 50b 1000VA, sng sin 220V, 50Hz, c qui 10,5V ngt ti, ngt ti AC 180V, hiu sut 78%
3 n tup 12VDC, 20W, 400 b I=1,4 - 1,6A, U = 10,5V ngt ti

n tit kim 12V DC , 10 W 60 b I= 0,9 - 1,1A, U = 10,5V ngt ti
4 Trm Pin mt tri gia nh, 75Wp 20 trm Phc v thp sng, TV
5 Trm Pin mt tri tp th, 300Wp 2 trm Phc v thp sng, thit b y t
6 Trm Pin mt tri tr m ci, 150Wp 1 trm Phc v thp sng, TV
7 Tm pin mt tri ca Nht: Loi 50Wp 50 tm ng dng thit b ch to
Loi 80Wp 30 tm
8 Ch to chn gi, mua c quy 40 c quy 100Ah, 30 b chn gi
9 My tnh xch tay 1 my Thu thp s liu
3
Phn II- Bo co tng kt Khoa hc k thut
Cc kt qu ca d n
C s xy dng v thc hin d n
Ngun nng lng ti to l loi ngun nng lng (NL) c u im nh

sau:
- Khng gy nhim mi trng.
- C kh nng ti to li
- S dng ti ch
Ba c tnh ny, n s l ngun NL tng bc thay th v h tr cho ngun
NL ho thch gy nhim mi trng v b khai thc gn cn kit.
Nghin cu tm kim cc cng ngh thch hp khai thc s dng c
hiu qu cc ngun NLM &TT l rt quan trng. Trc mt s dng cc khu
vc nng thn, vng su, vng xa, ni m in li khng th ko n c.
4
C s xy dng v thc hin d n (tip theo)
Do vo khu vc nhit i, t 8 n 23 v tuyn Bc nn Vit nam c

ngun nng lng mt tri rt phong ph.
- Cng bc x mt tri nm trong khong110kcal/cm2.nm (khu ng
Bc) n 175 kcal/cm2.nm (Nam Trung b v Nam b).
- S gi nng trung bnh t 1500 gi/nm n 2600 gi/nm, c th khai
thc s dng c hiu qu, c bit t Nng tr vo.
Ngun in khai thc t nng lng mt tri l mt trong cc ngun c
la chn cung cp in cho cc khu vc nng thn vng su vng xa.
5
Cng ngh pin mt tri hay in mt tri l mt trong nhng
cng ngh u vit v nhng l do sau y:
- Ngun nng lng mt tri rt phong ph, c th khai thc ng dng
gn nh bt k a phng no trn lnh th nc ta.
- H thng in mt tri lp t, vn hnh, bo dng rt n gin, ph
hp vi trnh dn tr cn thp cc khu vc nng thn
- H thng in mt tri lm vic tin cy v c tui th cao.
- H gia nh, cng sut dn pin thng trong khong 40 Wp - 75Wp

- H tp th (trm x, trng hc, nh vn ho, n bin phng) cng
sut dn pin mt tri thng t 100Wp n vi nghn Wp.
- Trm pin mt tri phc v c quan, thng tin lin lc, cc trm cp
ngun cho h thng thit b vin thng, cc trm n bin, cng sut loi
trm ny c th t 500Wp n mt vi kW.
6
2.2 Tng quan v in mt tri v ng dng
2.2.1 Pin mt tri: mt lp tip xc gia 2 loi bn dn: p v n to ra mt h
in t c kh nng bin i trc tip nng lng bc x mt tri thnh in
nng nh hiu ng quang in bn trong c gi l pin mt tri.
2.2.2 M un cc pin mt tri
Cc pin mt tri s phi lm vic iu kin ngoi tri lu di v c cu to
nh sau:
Tm knh pha trn
Hiu sut bin i quang Tm keo EVA

in ca PMT bng tinh Lp cc pin mt tri
hn ghp in
th Si hin nay nm trong
khong 12-14%.
Cc lp vt liu trong mt m un
trc khi p (hnh bn tri) v m Tm keo EVA
un pin mt tri hon thin (hnh bn Tm y
phi)
7
* Cc thng s k thut ca m un pin mt tri
trnh cc ghp ni khng ng cc m un to thnh dn ln gy ra
tn tht in nng v h hng pin, nh sn xut cn phi o c, kim tra
chnh xc mt s cc c tnh di y v ghi r trn m un hoc trong cc
ti liu theo theo m un. l:
- Cng sut lm vic cc i Pmax (Wp) ;
- Dng in ngn mch ISC (A) ;
- in th h mch VOC (V) ;
- Dng in lm vic ti u IOPT (A) ;
- in th lm vic ti u VOPT (V) ;
- Hiu sut cc i (%) ;
- Nhit mi trng lm vic cho php (0C) ;
- Kch thc, trng lng m un.
Ngoi cc thng s trn, cc m un cn phi t cc tiu chun khc
nh: cch in, bn c hc (chu c gi cp 12 hay130km/ gi, chu
c ma ), chu m v n mn mi trng cng nh t b gi ha i
vi cc tia bc x mt tri.
8
2.2.3 Ngun in mt tri
Hin nay c hai h ngun in pin mt tri thng dng.
1. H ngun in pin mt tri ni li: Trong h ngun pin mt tri

ni li, dng in mt chiu t dn pin mt tri c bin i thnh dng
in xoay chiu v c ho vo mng li in. u im ca loi ngun
ny l khng cn dng b d tr in nng, kinh ph u t gim, t phi
bo dng khng phi chm sc bo dng phc tp v gy nhim mi
trng.
2. H ngun pin mt tri c lp: Khu vc khng c li in hoc

nhu cu s dung in qui m nh, ngi ta dng t hp ngun pin mt
tri v b d tr in nng (c quy) c lp ng dng khu vc nng
thn, vng su vng xa .
9
2.2.2.1 H thng ngun in pin mt tri c lp
Mt h thng cp in bng pin mt tri c lp bao gm:
- Pin mt tri
- B tch tr in nng (c qui).
- Thit b iu khin .
- B bin i in.
- Ph ti in dn dng.
Dn PMT B iu Ti DC
khin
B c quy B bin i Ti AC
in
S khi h in mt tric lp
10
A. Dn pin mt tri:
C 2 cch ghp : Ghp song song v ghp ni tip ph thuc vo in
p ngun in cn s dng.
1. H c quy ( B tr in )
Gi s chng ta cn xy dng mt ngun in PMT cho cc ti tiu th
in A, B, C,... c cng sut in Pa, Pb, Pc,... v hng ngy cc ti ny lm
vic thi gian tnh bng gi l Ta, Tb, Tc,... Tr lng b ti in c tnh t
nht bng : WTD = 75% (PaTa+PbTb+PcTc+Wd tr).
2. B iu khin:
- Khng ch in p cao (16,8V)
- Khng ch v ct ti khi in p yu (di 10,5V)
3. B bin i in
B bin i in t ngun DC 12V sang in xoay chiu (12V DC sang
AC 220V, tn s 50Hz phc v cc thit b c nhu cu nh tivi, qut
v.v...).
11
2.2.2.3 Hiu sut ca h thng ngun in pin mt tri c lp
Cc thit b trong h ngun in PMT u gy ra tn tht in nng v th
cn c nghin cu ch to gim ti a tn tht ny.
Thng thng hiu sut:
- B iu khin l 90%,
-B bin i in khong (75- 85) %,
- Phng np ca b c qui khong 90%.
Hi sut chung ca c h thng bng tch s ca cc hiu sut cc thnh
phn trong h bng khong (60- 65)%.
T ta thy, vic thit k, ch to cc B iu khin v B bin i in
c cht lng cao l cng vic rt quan trng. Ngoi ra cn cn phi la
chn s lp rp h thng cng nh s cp in cho ti sao cho gim
c cng nhiu tn tht in nng cng tt.
12
Tnh hnh nghin cu, ng dng in mt tri
2.2.3.1Tnh hnh nghin cu v ng dng nc ngoi
Nm 2003 nng lng ti to chim 13,3% trong tng s 10 579 MTOE
tng cc ngun NL s cp th gii. Tc tng trng hng nm trong 33
nm va qua l 2,3%.
i vi cc ngun NL ti to nh a nhit, mt tri, gi,... tc tng hng
nm cao hn, khong 8%. Do mi pht trin nn NL gi c tng trng
cao nht, 49%, sau l NL mt tri, 29%. NL ti to l thnh phn ln th
3 i vi sn lng in ton cu.
Tng cng sut lp t ng dng pin mt tri trn th gii tnh theo u
ngi i vi 5 nc ng dng nhiu nht l:
c : 9,62Wp/ ngi Nht: 8,87Wp/ ngi
Thu S: 3,12Wp/ ngi H lan: 3,01Wp/ ngi
c: 2,60Wp/ngi
13
Tnh hnh nghin cu v trin khai trong nc
Ngun in t pin mt tri cng c nghin cu ng dng th
nghim nc ta t 10 nm tr li y nh ng dng cho cc trm thng
tin vin thng, B Bu chnh vin thng, cc n tn hiu trong giao thng
ng sng, ng bin, c bit l cc ng dng cho cc khu vc nng
thn, min ni cha c li in dng cho chiu sng, tivi, i v.v...
TT a phng Cng sut (kW) Mc ch ng dng

c ng dng
Tnh Ho Binh 6-7 n chiu sng, TV, i
C T 15,075 Phc v cc nhu cu LV v SH
Tnh Cng Tum 10,5 n chiu sng, TV, i
Tnh Gia Lai 100 Sinh hot
Cao Bng 8 Sinh hot, thng tin vin thng
Lng Sn 3 Sinh hot
Ph Th 10,75 Sinh hot
Bc Giang 7,5 Sinh hot
Cn o 3 Sinh hot
14
Hin nay, nc ta c mt s c quan tham gia hot ng
nghin cu nhiu nm v t c mt s kt qu nh:
- Vin Nng lng (Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam - B Cng

nghip).
- Trung Tm Nng lng mi (i hc Bch khoa H Ni).
- Phng th nghim Nng lng Mt Tri thuc Phn Vin Vt

L- Trung Tm Khoa Hc T nhin Quc gia - H Ch Minh.
- Mt s c quan thng mi khc c tham gia lp t cc trm

pin mt lm theo tnh cht t hng.
- Cng ty Sellco-Vit nam.
Tng cng sut c lp t s dng Vit nam n nay t

cng sut khong 1200 kWp.
15
Dn pin MT mt tri
20 tm KC 50
B iu khin n 112VDC
Hp ni
Tivi
Cu ch B i in
u VIDEO
B c qui
6 x 100 Ah-12V Radio
S h ngun in mt tri tp th 320Wp 16

S trm pin in mt tri h gia nh
Dn pin mt tri
1tm BP 75Wp
Hp u panen B iu khin Ph ti
n 12VDC
Cu ch
TV
Radio
c quy
17
Kt qu nghin cu, thc hin d n
Thit k xy dng dy chuyn, sn xut cc thit b
in t ph tr trong h thng pht in mt tri
S khi v cc cng on sn xut

- Thit k, ch to v lp rp cc thit b in t: Thit lp h thng
thit k v xy dng mt dy chuyn sn xut thit b ph tr cho h
thng pht, cp in dng pin mt tri, phi hp vi mt doanh nghip
t nhn trin khai thc hin d n.
- Thit k v thit b, mch in c thc hin trn my vi tnh.
- Lp rp cc linh kin vo mch in, v thit b.
- Thit b lp rp mch in t c kim tra v o c cc thng s
cn thit, lm v sinh cng nghip, m bo ng yu cu k thut ca
D n.
18
S dy chuyn sn sut
1. Phng thit k ch to:
- Thit k ch to thit b
- Thit k mch in trn my tnh Ch to Ch to Ch to
v hp mch in thit b
- In mch in t
2. Xng c kh:
- Dp v b iu khin, b i in, n.. Dy chuyn
lp rp S
- Ch to cnh tn nhit mch
- Phun sn
3. Xng lp rp in t: Lp t
- Lp rp cc linh kin in t hon thin
- Kim tra h thng mch in

Kim tra
4. Xng lp rp thit b v hon thin cht lng
lng
- Lp rp cc b phn tn nhit, v hp
5. Phn xng kim tra
- Kim tra in p np, ngt tI ng gi
- Kim tra cch in

6. Phn xng ng gi
Xut
- ng gi sn phm xng
19
2.2.3 Nghin cu, thit k ch to cc thit b (b) iu khin
D n ng k nghin cu thit k v ch to 2 loi b iu khin ang
c s dng nhiu nc ta l 12VDC - 10A v 12VDC - 40A. Mch in
t c nguyn l ging nhau, ch c cc linh kin khc nhau v thng s.
B iu khin c t hp t 2 khi c chc nng sau:
- Khi iu khin t ng qu trnh np in cho c qui t dn pin mt tri.
- Khi iu khin t ng qu trnh phng in t c qui ra ti.
S khi b iu khin
Phn t cng
Pin MT Kho K sut chng c quy Kho K
Ti
chu dng mc ngc 12V chu dng
So snh 1 So snh 2
20
Mch iu khin np v iu khin cng sut ti 12v
SOLAR
_ +
Cu ch
SMP60NO3x2

iu kin sc
C SOLAR
SMP60NO3 x2
Mass acquy
iu kin ti 12V

C din DC
_ + + _
BATTERY Ti 12VDC
LOAD
21
Ch to cc b iu khin
Cc b iu khin c nghin cu, thit k v ch to gm 3 loi:
12V - 15A, 12V 30A v 12V 40A , c t nhn hiu l SR15, SR30 v
SR40 mt cch tng ng. Cc loi ny ang c s dng ph bin Vit
nam cng nh trn th gii.
a- B iu khin loi I = 15A:
Kim tra u nhm cc, hay tip xc khng tt.
Khc phc cc nhc im trn ca cc b iu khin t mt, ch to
th t 2 kim tra li cc thng s k thut theo nh t mt tip tc sn
xut s lng ln.
22

3 Dng np Imax = 15A 10 Max
5 Ngt dng np 13,8 V 0,2V 13,7V
6 Np li 12,6V 0,2V
7 Ngt ti 10,5 V 0,2V 10,5 V
9 Kch thc 170 x 120 x 40
11 Trng lng 0,5kg
12 Bo v Chp ti
T ng ct in p ra
in p bnh thp
C in DC ( xanh )
13
23
Mch in t b iu khin sau khi lp
24
b- B iu khin loi I = 30A:
Khc phc cc nhc im trn ca b iu khin t mt, ch to
th t 2 kim tra li cc thng s k thut tip tc sn xut s lng ln.
25
5 Ngt dng np 13,8 V 0,2V 13,7V
6 Nc li 12,6V 0,2V
7 Ngt ti 10,5 V 0,2V 10,5 V
9 Kch thc 170 x 120 x 40
11 Trng lng 0,8kg
Qu ti Dng ti > 30A. T ng ct in p ti ra
12 Bo v Chp ti
T ng ct in p ra
in p bnh thp
C in DC ( xanh )
13
26
c- B iu khin loi I = 40A:
Kim tra c quy y U = 13,8V ngt np ca pin mt tri
Khc phc cc nhc im ca cc b iu khin t mt, ch to th
t 2 kim tra li cc thng s k thut tip tc sn xut s lng ln.
27
STT TN CHI TIU K THUT Cht lng ch to Cht lng

sn phm ca d n ng k sn
phm ca d
n
5 Ngt dng np 13,8 V 0,2V 13,7V
6 Np li 12,6V 0,2V
7 Ngt ti 10,5 V 0,2V 10,5 V
9 Kch thc 170 x 120 x 60
11 Trng lng 1,2 kg
12 Bo v Chp ti
T ng ct in p ra
in p bnh thp
C in DC ( xanh )
13
28
Cc b iu khin hon thin loi 30A v 40A
29
* Thit k ch to b i in
Chc nng bin i in mt chiu t c quy thnh in xoay chiu cung cp

cho cc thit b in xoay chiu. Trong D n ny cc b bin i in 12V DC-
220V, 50Hz vi cc loi cng sut 300VA, 600VA,1000VA v 1500VA l i tng
c nghin cu, thit k v ch to. Hiu sut ca thit b phi t 78%.
K
Cng sut
DC Ti
Phn chia
To dao
ng xung
Dp xung
ngc
Bin p
ra
iu ch
K
rng
Cng sut
theo in p
S khi b bin i 12V DC-220V AC

30

S chi tit mch in t b bin i in c thit k
31
Ch to b bin i in

Ch to th t 1: B chuyn i P = 600VA s lng 3 b
Chy th v kim tra trong phng th nghim:
Kim tra chy th in p c quy U = 10,5V => 13,8V
Kim tra ngng ct di U = 10,5V ngt ti bo v c quy
Kim tra cc thng s k thut nh tn s (50Hz), cng sut (600VA) v. v...
Ch to th t 2:
B chuyn i P = 600 VA, 300 VA, 1000 VA, 1500 VA s lng 10 b
Tip tc cho chy th trong phng th nghim:
Kim tra chy in p c quy U = 10,5V =>13,8V, chy th
Kim tra ngng ct di U = 10,5V ngt ti bo v c quy
Kim tra cc thng s k thut nh tn s, cng sut, dng sng ra (vung, hnh thang,
sng hnh sin v. v...).
Ch to cc b bin i in cng sut 300VA, 600 VA, 1000VA v 1500VA
Qui trnh ch to, kim tra v hon thin cng c tin hnh nh i vi loi 600VA
trnh by trn.
32
ca b chuyn i (INVERTER) P = 600 VA
STT TN CHI TIU K Thng s Cht lng ch to sn Thng s Cht

THUT phm ca d n lng ng k sn
phm ca d n
1 Cng sut danh nh 600VA 500 VA
2 Cng sut nh 1200W/ 50ms 1000W/ 50ms
u vo DC
4 Bnh Accu 12 VDC , 70Ah 12 VDC , 70Ah
5 Di in p lm vic 10,5 13,8 V DC 10,5 13,7 V DC
u ra AC
6 in p 220 V AC 3% 220 V AC 3%
7 Tn s 50 Hz 2 % 50 Hz 2 %
8 Hiu sut 83 % 90%
9 Dng sng Chun sine sin
Ngt mch u ra ng ngt
16 Bo v
in p bnh Accu 10,5V 2% in p
33
S lng b bin i in c ch to
Bin i in sng vung loi P = 300VA: 50 b
Bin i in sng vung v sin loi P = 600VA:50 b
Bin i in sng hnh sin loi P = 1000VA: 50 b
Bin i in sng hnh sin loi P = 1500VA: 20 b
Tng s: 170 b
Cc thng s k thut chnh

Hiu in th vo: 12, 24VDC 2%
Hiu in th ra: 220VAC 3%
Tn s sng ra: 50Hz 2%
Ngng ct di: 10,5VDC hoc 180 VAC
Hiu sut:Loi 300, 600VA: 83% i vi loi sng sin v
85% i vi loi sng vung
Loi 1000, 1500VA: 78% i vi loi sng sin
34
Cc thnh phn ca B bin i in 35
* Nghin cu thit k v ch to b rung cho n ng 12VDC
Tm PMT cng sut nh (40-70Wp) in p 12V DC dng cc h gia nh,
gim tn hao, cc n chiu sng trong h thng ny phi dng loi
n ng 12V DC. Mun vy cn phi thit k v ch to cc b rung in
t hay cng chnh l cc b bin i in n gin cng sut nh
chuyn in 12VDC t c qui thnh in xoay chiu cao th 400- 600V
nui n.
T ng Dao ng
n nh V K Bin p
12V DC xung n
Cs ra Cng sut
S khi mch b rung n ng 60cm, 10W
in mt chiu 12VDC c b dao ng to ra cc sng vung tn s

15kHz. B khuych i s to ra sng c bin 400V.
36
Nghin cu thit k v ch to b rung cho n ng 12VDC
S nguyn l
Qu trnh ch to
Ch to b rung (kch) n 12V- 10W, 1
K L
1
20W W
Ch to th t 1:
A G
B kch n I = 1,3A s lng 5 b.
20
B kch n I = 0,9A s lng 5 b 3
B
20 E
Kim tra n chy th c quy U = 3 C
10,5V n 13,8V theo di xem dng c
thay i khng , nu dng n nh l c
D F
Kim tra c quy U = 10,5V ngt ti
bo v c quy
Ch to 2:
B n I = 1,5 -1,6A s lng 400 b
B n I = 0,9A s lng 60 b
Tng s: 460 b.
37
Cc b rung c lp cho n ng 60cm v cc n rut g
38
ng dng ti cc a phng thit b c ch to
- ng dng o C T:
Thit b ch to sau khi c chy th trong phng th nghim c ng
dng th nghim ti o C T vi s lng nh sau:
- B chuyn i in sng sin loi P = 1000W (1000VA), s lng 01 b
- Trm pin mt tri cng sut P = 160 Wp ng dng trn tu ca mt gia nh
ng dn t trang b.
Sau thi gian s dng k t 10/2004 cho n nay cc thit b do d n thit k
v ch to hot ng rt tt, tin cy.
- ng dng Tnh Gia Lai:
- Thit b ch to ra chy th phng th nghim m bo tiu chun k thut
ng dng th ti Tnh Gia Lai s lng nh sau:
Thit b ch to t u chy th trong phng th nghim mang i lp t ti Gia
Lai t 11/2004, trong thi gian vn hnh thit b lm vic n nh.
39
- ng dng ti o L Sn Tnh Qung Ngi:
D n ny c lp t ti o L Sn s lng nh sau:
Vt t ca trm pin mt tri bao gm:
1- Tm pin mt tri:
Nhp 30 tm pin mt tri ti c k hiu BP375, 75W, 12V
Cc thng s k thut nh sau : (xem bng)
Cc thng s k thut ca pin mt tri
Thng s BP 375(75Wp) Cng tc v cc ph kin
Cng sut cc i 75W khc:
Hiu in th danh nh 12V Cc ph kin trn m
bo cho 23 trm pin
Hiu in th cc i 17V
mt tri lp ti o L
Dng in cc i 4,45A Sn
Hiu in th h mch 21,4V Thit k ch to chn
Dng in ngn mch 4,75A gi ca 23 trm pin mt
tri
Trng lng 7,5kg
c quy kh ca Nam
Bng n: Triu Tin: Loi 100Ah
Bng n tit kim loi 10W s lng 40 ci s lng 28 ci.
40
Bng n loi 20W s lng 100 ci
Trm pin mt tri lp ti o nh L Sn Qung Ngi P = 75Wp
( Gia nh b Tnh )
41
Trm pin mt tri lp ti o nh L Sn Qung Ngi P = 300Wp ( trm y t o)
42
- ng dng o Hn Mun Tnh Khnh Ho:
Sn phm ca D n ny c trin khai ng dng lp t ti
o Hn Mun s lng nh sau:
Cc thit b trm pin c lp t ti o Hn Mun u hot
ng tt. Thit b ch to ra ng ngt u hon ton t ng mang
tnh cht cng nghip, ngi s dng hon ton yn tm v thit b.
- ng dng ti huyn Vn n tnh Qung Ninh:
- ng dng ti cc n v Hi qun:
43
Trm pin mt tri lp ti o Hn Mun Tnh Khnh Ho P = 320Wp
44
Kinh Ph D n
Kinh ph ca d n bao gm cc ngun vn sau:
Ngun vn ngn sch: 1.700 triu
Ngun vn t c: 1.000 triu
Ngun vn thu hi: 1.015,2 triu
Kinh ph thc hin bao gm:

Ch to thit b:
B iu khin
B bin i in
Cc loi n
Ch to chn gi
Mua sm vt t
Lp rp v lp t cc trm pin mt tri ti o L Sn, o
Hn Mun v mt s Huyn min ni ca cc Tnh.
45
Kinh ph ch to thit b
1. Ch to b iu khin
Loi b iu khin I = 10 A thay bng I = 15A nhng chi ph ch to
khng thay i, gi thnh l 400.000/b, nc ngoi gi 120 USD/b, dng
cho cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 50Wp n 200Wp
Loi b iu khin I = 30 A gi thnh l 1.350.000/b, nc ngoi
gi 166,7 USD/b, dng cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 200Wp
n 400Wp.
Loi b iu khin I = 40A gi thnh l 1.550.000/b gi nc ngoi
gi 194,25 USD/b, dng cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 400Wp
n 600Wp.
Cc b iu khin trn phc v cho cc trm pin mt tri lp t ti
min ni v hi o, c thnh gi ch bng 40% n 50% nhp ngoi (c
bo gi ph lc).
46
2. Ch to b bin i in:
Loi b i in P = 300VA gi thnh l 670.000/b nc ngoi gi
270 USD/b, dng cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 100Wp n
200 Wp
Loi b i in P = 600VA gi thnh l 1.100.000/b nc ngoi
gi 450 USD/b, dng cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 200Wp n
400 Wp
Loi b i in P = 1000VA, gi thnh l 5.600.000/b nc ngoi
gi 930 USD/b, phc v cho cc trm pin mt tri c cng sut t 400Wp
n 600 Wp
Loi b i in P = 1500VA chi ph b i in ny cn kh cao, t
p dng ti Vit Nam, D n ch ch to vi s lng hn ch.
47
3. Ch to cc loi n:
Loi n 0,6m P = 20W mc c nh trong nh, n loi ny tiu th
in nng ln dng in mt tri l khng tit kim, gi thnh l 85.000/b
nc ngoi c gi 25 USD/b. Do vy D n cho ch to loi n tit kim P
= 10W loi n c tnh u vit, c th cm i li trong nh, ch yu cho cc
chu nh hc, gi thnh l 150.000/b nc ngoi gi 29,92 USD /b.
4. Ch to cc loi thit b:
Chn gi
Thit k
Mua sm vt t
Trong D n ny thit b sn sut ra c tiu th rt chm, D n
c cng vn gi B Khoa hc v Cng ngh thay i mt s hng mc:
nhp cc tm pin mt tri v bn km vi cc thit b sn xut ra, hng ny
ang c trin khai ng dng tt.
48
Trin khai lp t
- Lp t ti o nh L Sn Tnh Qung Ngi 23 trm P = 2250 Wp
- Lp t ti Huyn Minh Long Tnh Qung Ngi 01 trm P = 160 Wp
- Lp t ti o Hn Mun Tnh Khnh Ho 02 trm P = 480 Wp
- Lp t ti Huyn Vn n Tnh Qung Ninh 01 trm P = 160 Wp
- Lp t ti Hi qun 03 trm P = 300 Wp
- Lp t ti Cng tyTNHH th 01 trm P = 80 Wp
- Lp t ti o C t 01 trm P = 160 Wp
- Lp t ti Tng cc k thut 01 trm P = 80 Wp
- Lp t ti trm kh tng thu vn 02 trm P = 210 Wp
- Lp t ti Nng trng Kim giang 03 trm P = 210 Wp
Tng s lp t ti cc a phng P = 4.090 Wp
Gi bn cc b iu khin
TT Loi b iu khin Gi (VN) Ghi ch
12, 24VDC: - SR 15A 600.000 Gi bn l ti
- SR 30A 1.600.000 thi im hin
- SR 40A 1.800.000 nay
49
Gi bn cc b bin i in
TT Loi b bin i in Gi (VN) Ghi ch

1 12, 24VDC- 220VAC, 300W 900.000
Loi 600 W - Sng vung 1.300. 000 gi bn l ti
- Sng sin 2. 800. 000 thi im
2 12, 24VDC- 220VAC, 1000W- 1500W hin nay
- Sng hnh thang loi 1000W 2.800.000
- Sng hnh sin loi 1000W 6.600.000
- Sng sin loi 1500 7.600.000
Gi bn cc b n
TT Loi b n Gi (VN) Ghi ch
1 12V DC 0,6m 18 20W 120.000 Gi bn l ti thi im
2 12V DC n bn 10W 200.000 hin nay
50
Hiu qu kinh t
* Tnh gi 1 kWh in nng bng my pht chy xng.
Gi thnh 1 kWh my pht chy xng cc o l khc nhau v nhiu l do.
Theo tnh ton ca in lc ca cc huyn l rt khc nhau.
o C T: (cc gia nh chung nhau pht, t hch ton ) = 6.340/ kWh
Ph Quc: Gi in chy my pht ca cc h = 8000/1 kWh
L Sn (cc gia nh chung nhau pht, t hch ton ) = 6.447/ kWh
Trm pin mt tri c thit b ch to trong nc
n gi Thnh tin
Tn thit b n v S lng
( ng ) ( ng )
Pin mt tri: BP, P = 75W Tm 01 6.579.000 6.579.000
B iu khin VN ( Ch toVNL)I =15A B 01 600.000 600.000
c qui kh khng cn bo dng
Ci 01 1.150.000 1.150.000
12V 90 Ah ( Nam Triu Tin)
n tup DC=AC, 12V - 20W B 02 120.000 240.000
n tit kim, 12V , 10 W B 02 200.000 200.000
Dy in, cp cc loi c chng chng m 40 400.000 400.000
Chn gi B 01 350.000 350.000
Bng dinh, c quy, vt liu xy dng 100.000 100.000
Cng 10.750.000
Gi thnh pin mt tri khong 6.300/kWh 51
Bng ti chnh d n
S Kinh ph s nghip khoa hc Ngun khc

Ni dung Tng s
TT K hoch Thc hin K hoch Thc hin
1 Thu khon chuyn mn 120.000.000 100.000.000 101.849.135 20.000.000 20.000.000
2 Thit b my mc mua mi 144.000.000 129.000.000 25.247.800 15.000.000 15.000.000
3 Nguyn nhin vt liu, cng ngh 1.893.000.000 1.350.700.000 1.437.451.945 542.300.000
4 Khu hao thit b xng c 334.000.000 334.000.000 334.000.000
5 Nh xng b xung 73.700.000 73.700.000 73.700.000
6 Chi khc 135.300.000 120.300.000 135.451.120 15.000.000 20.712.701
Cng 2.700.000.000 1.700.000.000 1700.000.000 1000.000.000 463.412.701
Tng kinh ph: 2.163.412.701 ng

Kinh ph ngn sch: 1700.000.000 ng
Kinh ph ca Vin: 463.412.701 ng
52
Kt lun
Sau 2 nm trin khai khn trng d n hon thnh tt khi lng cc ni
dung c k kt trong hp ng vi cht lng cao. Cc sn phm c th bao
gm:
- Cc loi b iu khin
- Cc loi b bin i in
- Cc loi n 12VDC
- Cc d n in mt tri th nghim
Vi s lng v cht lng y .
T kt qu ca d n chng ta c th rt ra cc kt lun sau y:
1- Nu c c linh kin, vt t m bo cht lng chng ta hon ton c th
thit k ch to trong nc, cc thnh phn khc trong h thng in mt tri (tr
tm pin mt tri) vi gi ch bng khong 50 - 60% so vi gi nhp ngoi.
2- Sn xut trong nc to iu kin thun li cho cng tc vn hnh bo dng
cc h in mt tri. To cng n vic lm, tng thu nhp cho ngi lao ng, tit
kim ngoi t.
3- in mt tri l cng ngh rt thch hp cho cc khu vc nng thn vng su,
vng xa cha hoc khng c li in. S pht trin in mt tri s gp phn y
nhanh chng trnh in kh ho nng thn.
53
a ra mt s kin ngh nh sau
i vi nh nc:
c th trin khai tt cng tc nghin cu ng dng NLM ni chung v NL mt tri
ni ring Nh nc cn c chnh sch r rng v vic khai thc v s dng ngun ti
nguyn ny.
Ngi s dng cam kt vn hnh, bo dng theo ng qui trnh k thut c
d n hng dn.
Cam kt tr ph ph hng thng (nu c)
Cam kt t chi ph mua vt liu, ph tng thay th khi h thng c hng hc
V cc cam kt cn thit khc.
Cc bn cam kt ny phi c s xc nhn ca chnh quyn a phng.
i vi a phng c tip nhn d n:
o to mt T k thut mnh c th m ng vic bo dng, sa cha
nh cc thit b ca h thng.
T k thut cn nh k kim tra cc vi phm qui trnh, qui phm v c bin php
cnh co, x pht nhng h t thay i h thng, khng theo ch dn ca cc nh
chuyn mn.
T k thut cn c c ch thu tin in thch hp c kinh ph t trang tri trong
hot ng.
Cc d n nn dnh mt phn kinh ph xy dng mt mng li dch v n tn
thn bn c d n nh c s cung cp bng n, nc ct, c qui v dung dch a xt,...
54
i vi n v trin khai D n:
Kho st cc a im lp t cho ph hp vi iu kin mi trng v kh hu,

bc x ca tng vng la chn cc tm nng lng mt tri, thit b nh b iu
khin , c quy v.v c kh nng p ng c mi iu kin ca tng vng,
nng cao tui th ca thit b.
Chn v tr tng im ng dng, thit k chn cng sut ph hp vi nhu cu
ph ti .
Cc trm pin mt tri lp t ti cc a phng phi c tun th cc yu cu
v m bo cht lng v m quan tin li cho ngi s dng.
Hng dn cho cc h c lp t cc trm pin mt tri vn hnh thit b
c thnh tho:
M lp tp hun ti a phng.
C cn b ca a phng chuyn trch theo di chung cho tt c cc trm
lp t .
Trang b cc thit b ti thiu nh ng h , dng c cho cn b theo di to
iu kin c th t sa cha nh cc trm lp t ti a phng .
Cc trm pin mt tri nn tp trung lp t thnh tng bn hay lng, to iu
kin gip nhau v k thut, cch s dng.
55
Kinh ph d n
Kinh ph thc hin D n cn eo hp, ng dng o c tnh hnh x hi qu phc
tp, nn d n khng thu hi 60% kinh ph.
D n xin b xung 400 triu hon chnh v ch to v cc loi n cho cc loi thit b, b
iu khin, b bin i in bng vt liu nha chu nhit, hay composit.
Li cm n
D n xin chn thnh cm n s gip qu bu v hiu qu ca B Khoa hc v Cng
ngh, Vin Nng lng v cc c quan, a phng phi hp thc hin d n.
56

Xay Dung Day Chuyen San Xuat Lap Rap 0912

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Xay Dung Day Chuyen San Xuat Lap Rap 0912

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B khoa hc v cng ngh

Vin nng lng

Bo co tng kt khoa hc v k thut

Xy dng dy chuyn sn xut, lp rp v

Bo co tng kt khoa hc v k thut

TS. Phm Khnh Ton

1.2 Kinh ph thc hin d n

1.3 Kinh ph thu hi d n

1.4 thi gian thc hin d n

1.5 Sn phm nghim thu

TT Tn sn phm S Cc ch tiu kinh t- k thut

I = 30A :110 b 110 b I = 30A, U = 13,8V ngt np,

12VDC/220AC 600VA 50b 600VA, sng sin 220V, 50Hz, c

2.1- C s xy dng v thc hin d n

Trong khun kh Chng trnh in kh ho nng thn, nhng nm

2.2.1- Pin mt tri

Tm knh pha trn

Hnh 2.1: Cc lp vt liu trong mt m un trc khi p (hnh bn tri)

Hiu sut bin i quang in ca PMT tinh th Si hin nay nm trong

Hnh 2.2: S khi h in mt tri tng qut

C cu v cc chc nng ca thnh phn trong h ngun in PMT c

2.2.2.2- Hiu sut ca h thng ngun in pin mt tri c lp

Bng 2.1- Mt s ng dng in PMT phc v sinh hot

TT a phng, c Cng sut Mc ch ng dng

Gn nh 100% m un PMT s dng trong nc u phi nhp ngoi.

Hnh 2.3: S h ngun in mt tri h gia nh

Hnh 2.4: S h ngun in mt tri h tp th

2.3- Kt qu nghin cu, trin khai d n

Hnh 2.5: S khi dy chuyn sn xut v lp rp, thit b in t

trin khai c D n Vin Nng lng phi hp vi cng ty

- Hon thnh c cng ngh dy chuyn sn xut thit b iu

Hnh 2- 6: Phn xng c kh

Hnh 2- 7: Phn xng lp vi mch in t

C. Phn xng lp rp:

Hnh 2- 9: Phn xng qun dy ng v lp rp

D. Phn xng Kim tra:

Hnh 2 - 10: Phn xng kim tra

Hnh 2- 11: Thit b xut xng

2.3.2- Nghin cu, thit k ch to cc b iu khin

Hot ng ca khi so snh 1

Mch iu khin sc v iu khin cng sut ti 12v

Hnh 2- 13: S chi tit mch in t b iu khin c thit k

Hnh 2 - 14: Mch in t b iu khin sau khi lp vo mch in

a- B iu khin loi I = 15A:

Hnh 2- 16: B iu khin ch to

Chy th trong phng th nghim:

Hnh 2- 17: Chy th phng th nghim

Hnh 2- 19: B iu khin ch to trong ba t

ch tiu Thng s k thut

STT TN CHI TIU K THUT Cht lng ch to Cht lng

b- B iu khin loi I = 30A:

Bng 2.3: Cc thng s k thut ca b iu khin 12V-30A

ch tiu Thng s k thut

STT TN CHI TIU K THUT Cht lng ch to Cht lng ng k

c- B iu khin loi I = 40A:

Bng 2.4- Cc thng s k thut ca b iu khin 12V- 40A

ch tiu Thng s k thut

STT TN CHI TIU K THUT Cht lng ch to Cht lng ng k

Tng s b iu khin c 3 loi c ch to l 445 b.

Hnh 2.20: S khi b bin i 12V DC-AC220V-50Hz

Mch in gm 6 khi: to dao ng, phn chia xung, iu ch xung

- Mch in thu cng tc vin lm.

- Bin p qun theo tng loi.

- Lp rp theo qui trnh .