xtY]Rzpk]sh

The Light of Truth

xhpUjY xV]mi dy]n x>xVti

 1
Hmw kap-mkw
Hmw kn-Zm-\-t-iz-cm-b- \-tam -\ax

kXymY-{]-Imiw
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
Hmw itm an{Xx iw hcpWx itm `hXzcy-am.
ifCt{m- _r-l-kv]Xnx itm hnjvWp-cp-cp-{I-ax.
\tam {_tW \akvtX hmtbm -Xz-tah {]Xyw {_m-kn.
Xzmtah {]Xyw {_- h-Zn-jyman EXw hZn-jyman kXyw hZn-jym-an.
Xam-a-hXp XZz-m-c-a-h-Xp. AhXp ama-hXp hm-c-av.
Hmw imnmnmnx 1
AYw: (Hmw) A, D, av Fo aqp hW Fnhtbbpw, sshZy-im-kv{X-n Npv 3
IqSn-tp-mb HmwIm-c-]Zw Cuiz- apX-emb acp-p-It- fbpw Cu ]Z- Ipdn-b
v p-
cs Fm \ma-t[-bfnepw hv, kthm- nt?
-a-am-bn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu \ma-t[-b-n Dcw: Dv. Fm Ah kth-iz-ct- bpw
]c-ta-iz-cs At\Iw \ma- Dsmp- \ma--fm-Wv. 4
p. Cu HmwIm-c-ns Ah-b-h-amb AImcw-
sImv hncm-Sv, An, hniz apX-emb t]cpI- tNmZyw: Fm ap]-d ]Z--fm tZh-
tfbpw; DImcw sImv lnc-Wy-K`, hmbp, msc am{Xw {Kln-p-pthm Ctbm?
ssXP-k XpS-nb t]cp-I-sfbpw; aImcw Dcw: tZh-m-sc AYw am{Xw {Kln-
sImv Cuiz-c, BZn-Xy, {]m apX- p-hm \nv F-Sn-m-\-am-Wp-Xv?
emb t]cp- I - t fbpw kw{K- l n- p- p. Cu tNmZyw: Fm tZh-mcpw {]kn-cpw D-a-
]d \ma--sf-mw 2 {]I-c-W--f\p-k-cnv m-cp-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Ahsc am{Xta Rm
kth-iz-c-s\--s-bmWv Ipdnbvp-sXv {Kln-p-p-q.
thZw apX-emb kXy-im-kv{X--fn kv]jvS- Dcw: kth-iz-c A{]-kn--\mtWm?
ambn hymJym-\n-n-p-v. kth-iz-c-t\-m t{ijvT-\mb Bcm-\p-ap
tNmZyw: hncmSv apX-emb ]Z- k-th-iz- tm? Cs-n ]ns, Cu t]cp-I kth-
c-\n \nv `n-f-mb ap ]ZmY--sf- iz-c\pw IqSnbpsp \n AwKo-I-cn-m-
Fp-sImv Ipdn-bvp-n? {_mWvUw, -sXv? kth-iz-c A{]-kn--\-spw
]rYn-hymZn]-`q-X-, C{mZntZh-X-I
3. "hniz' kw-bpsS kv{Xoenw-K- cq-]-amb "hnizm'
BbpthZ \n-L - p-f
- n Npns ]cym-b- ]ZamWv
1. ssX-cob Bc-WyIw-7.1
4. hncmSv apX-emb ]Z--fmWv hnh, {_mWvUw
2. "Hmw' apX-emb \ma--sfmw FYw apX-em-b-h-b-.
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
At-l-n\v Xpey-\m-bn-p-t]m-epw asm-cm
Cspw hcp- t m At- l - t - m
t{ijvT-\mbn Hcp-h Dm-Ip--sX-s\?
AXn-\m \n-fpsS Cu hmv kXy-a-sp
am{X-a-, \n ]d--Xn At\Iw tZmj-
Dm-Ip-hm\pw CS-bp-v. ""D]-nXw ]cn-
Xy-Pym-\p-]-nXw bmNX CXn _m[n- X-
\ymbx'' FmWv imkv{X-h-N-\w. Hcp-h
asm-cp-h\ - p `-W] - Z- mY-s
hv Dm Wn- p- t m Abm
AsXmw Dt]-nv thsd hXpw `n-m
Inptam F-t\z-jn-p-sImv Ap-anpw
Ae- p- \ - S - p ]w Abmsf Bcpw
_pnam-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bn-. Fs-
m, A-h D]-n-X-skao-]-ap--h-
kv X p- h n- s \- - D - t ]- nv A\p- ] - n- X - s
In Inm ]ZmYskm-Zn-p-hm
{]b-Xv\n-p-I-bmWp sNp--Xv. A-c-m-
cs {]hr-n-t]m-se-Xs \n-fpsS hmpw
_pn- i q- \ y- a m- b n- p- - X m- W v . Fs- m
\n hncmSv apX-emb ]Z-p {]kn-
fpw {]am-W-kn---fp-amb AY--sf
AXm-b-Xv, kth-iz-c, {_mWvUw apX-
emb D]-n-XmY-sf ]cn-Xy-Pn-v, Akw-
`m-hy-f - pw, A\p-] - n-X - f
- p-amb tZhm-Zn-Isf
{Kln-p-hm {ian-p-I-bm-Wtm sNp--Xv.
As\ sNp--Xn\p {]am-Whpw bpn-bp-
an-, ]Z--fpsS AYw k`m-\p-k-cWw
{Kln--Ww. k`-n\p tbmPn-n-cn-p
AYw GtXm AXmWv kzoIm-cyw.
Hcp-h Xs `rXy-t\m-Sv, ""tl `rXy
Xzw ssk-h-am-\b''Fp ]d-bp-p. ""FtSm
`rXym! \o sskhw sImp-hc
AXns AYw. As\ ]d-bp-tm B
`rXy AXp ]d Ah-k-c-s--n, AXm-
bXv k`s--n Btem-Nnp t\mt--
Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. ssk-h-n\p IpXn-c, Dv
Fp cY-apv. bP-am-\ bm{X ]pd-s-
Sp ka-b-am-sW-n IpXn-csb sImph-cn-
Ibpw `-W-k-a-b-am-sW-n Dv sImp-h-
cn-I-bpamWv th-Xv. bm{Xm-cw-`-n Dpw
`-W-k-a-bv IpXn-c-tbbpw sImp-hp
sImSp-p `rXy-t\mSv bP-am-\ tIm]nv
C{]-Imcw ]d-bpw ""FSm, \o _pn-bn-m--
h-\m-Wv. bm{X-]p-d-s-Sp-tm Dpw, `Ww
Ign-p-tm IpXn-c-tbbpw sImph-p -X-
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
n- s p {]tbm- P \w? \n\v Ah- k - c -
m\w C. As-n \o GXp ka-bv
Fp sImp-h-c-Wtam AXp-Xs sImp-
h-cp-am-bn-cp-p. k`-ta-Xm-sWp \o Nnn-
n-. \o aqV-\m-Wv. Fs ASp- \np
s]mbvsm-p-I.'' FhnsS GXv AYs
{Kln-p-X - mtWm DNn-Xw, AhnsS B AYw
Xs {Kln--Ww. \msamw C{]-Imcw Xs-
- fmw hnfn bmWp hnNm-cn-t--Xp-sav CXn\np
knn-p-p.
a{-ns AYw
1. Hmw Jw {_. (bPpcvthZw40.17)
t\mpI thZ--fn Cu amXn-cn-bp
{]I-c-W--fn "Hmw' apX-emb i_vZ-
kth-iz-cs t]cp-I-fm-bnmWv
{]tbm-Kn-n-p--Xv.
2. Hman-tXy-X-Z--c-ap-ZvKo-Y-ap-]m-koX.
(OmtmtKym]\n-jXv1.1)
3. Hman-tXy-X-Z--c-anZw kcvhw. Xtkym]
hymJym\w (amWvUqtIym]-\n-jXv1.1)
4. kcvth thZm bXv]-Z-am-a-\n X]mwkn
kcvhm-Wn N bZzZn bZn-tm
{_-Ncyw Ncn Xt ]Zav
kw{K-tlW {_ho-taym-an-tXy-XX.v
(I-tTm]-\n-jXv hn 2.15)
5. {]im-kn-Xmcw kcvth-jm-a-Wobmav
ka-tWm-c]n. cpIvam`w kz]v\[o-Kayav
hnZymw ]pcpjw ]cav (a-\pkvarXn12.122)
6. GX-anw hZtytI a\p-at\y
{]Pm-]Xnw. C{-tatI ]tc {]mW-a-]tc
{_- im-izXav (a-\pkvarXn12.123)
- nI'' FmWv
7. k {_m k hnjvWpx
k cp-{Z- in-htmfc ]cax kzcm-Sv.
k C{ Imem-n N{amx 5
8. C{w an{Xw hcp-W-anamlp-ctYm
Znhy k kp]cvtWm Kcp-flm.
GIw kZzn{]m _lp[m hZ-ynw
baw amX-cn-izm-\-amlpx. (EtKzZw1.164.46)
9. - `q-ckn `qan-c-ky-Zn-Xn-ckn
hniz[mbm hnizky `ph-\ky [cv{Xo
]rYn-hnw -b ]rYnhow ZrMvl
]rYnhow am lnMvkox. (b-PpcvthZw13.18)
5 ssIh-teym-]-\n-jXv (1.8)
2
 Hmw kap-mkw
10. Ct{m am tcmZko ]{]-Y-h C{x
kqcyatcm-N-bXv. Ct{ -l -hnizm
`ph-\m-\n -tb-anc Ct{ kzm\mk C-hx.
(km-athZw6.8.2.)
11. {]mWmb \tam bky kcvh-anZw hti.
tbm `qXx kcvh-tky-iztcm bkvanv
kcvhw {]Xn-jvTn-Xav (A-Ycvhth-Zw11.4.1)
AYw:- Cu {]am-W--sfmw ChnsS FSp-
s-gp-Xp--Xns Xmev]cyw, CuamXn-cn-bp
hN-\--fn, hXp t]mse, HmwImcw apX-
em- b ]Z- v ]c- a m- X v a mhv FY- a m-
sWp ImW-n-pI am{X-am-Ip-p. \n\m-
cm-bn-p--hv "[\-]Xn" apX-emb t]cp-I
CSm-dp-v. Ah tIhew \ncY-IfmW-tm.
AXp t]mse \ncY-I-amb t]cp-I Cuizc-
\n-. Cuiz-cs t]cp-Iv Nne-bn-Sv
sKuWnIhpw ap Nne-bn-Sp Iman-Ihpw
thsd Nne-bn-Sp kzm`m-hn-I-hpamb 6 AY-
-fm-Wp--Xv.
1. (Hmw Jw)"Hmw' "Jw' Fp XpS-nb DZm-
l-cW - - f- n Hmm-cmZn kwIv AY-
ap-v. ""Ah-Xo-tXymav. BIm-i-an-h- hym-]-I-
XzmXv Jw. kcvtht`ym _rl-XzmZv {_.''.
cn-bvp--Xp-sImv Hmw Fpw BImiw
t]mse khhym]nbm- b Xp sImv "Jw'
Fpw, as- n- t \- mfpw hep- X m- I - b m
"{_' sapw kth-iz-c\p t]cp-I Dm-
bn.
2. (Hm-an-tXy) "Hmw' bmsXm-ns \ma-t[-
b-amtWm bmsXmv Hcn-epw \in-p-n-
tbm AXn-s\-bm-Wv D]m-kn-t-Xv; asm-
n-s\-b-.
3. (Hm-an-tXy-X) "Hmw' ]c-am-flm-hns Fm
\ma--fnepw shv Ghpw {][m-\-hpw \nP-hp-
amb \ma-am-sWp kI-e-th-Zm-Zn-im-kv{X--
fnepw ]d-b-s-n-p-v. ap t]cp-I-sfmw
sKuWnI--fm-Wv.
4. (kcvh-thZmx ) kIe thZ-fpw, [am-
\p-jvTm-\-cq-]--fmb X]-p-Ifpw bmsXm-
ns\ {]iw-kn-bvp-Ibpw BZ-cn-p-Ibpw
6. KuWnIw KpWs Bkv ] - Z - a m- n- b p- Xpw,
ImanIw Ias Bkv]Z- a - m-n-bp-Xpw, kzm`m-hnIw
kz`m-hs ASn-m-\-s-Sp-n-bp--Xp-amWv. Cu
A[ym-b- nse 100 t]cp-Ifpw Ch-bn-tem-tcm-ns\ Ipdn-
p-p.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
sNp-pthm, bmsXmns\ {]m]n-bvp-hm-
\p C-sImp a\p-jy {_-N-cym-{i-
as A\p-jvTn-p-pthm AXns t]cv Hmw
Fm-Ip-p.
5. ({]-im-kn-Xm-c-av) Fm-hpw in-
\Ip-h\pw, kqva--fn shp kqva-
X-a\pw, kzbw {]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw, kam-[n--
amb _pn-sImv Adn-bp-hm tbmKy-\p-am-
bn-p Ah ]c-a-]p-cp-j\ -- m-sW--dn-b-Ww.
6. (G-Xa -
- n-av) {]Imikzcq-]\ - m-bX
- p-sImv
An Fpw, hnm-\-kz-cq-]-\m-b-Xp-sImv
a\p Fpw, Fm-h-tcbpw ]men-p--XpsIm
v {]Pm-]Xn Fpw, ]c-ssa-izcyimen-bm-I-
bm C{ Fpw, Fm-n-sbpw \ne\n-
ev]n\v aqe-Im-c-W-am-I-bm {]mW Fpw,
\nc- c 7 hym- ] - I - a m- b n- c n- p- XpsImv
{_w Fpw Cuiz-c\p t]cp hp.
7. (k-{_m k hnjvWpx) temIw apgp-h\pw
krjvSn-Xp ImcWw {_mhv 8 Fpw, Fm-
bn-Spw hym]n-n-cn-p--Xp-sImv hnjvWp
Fpw, ZpjvS - msc innp hne-]n-np-Xp
sImv cp{Z Fpw, kzbw awK-f-kz-cq-]\pw
ap- - h v awK- f - { ]- Z- \ p- a m- I - b m inh
Fpw, B kth-iz-c\v t]cp-I hp.
1 bx kcvhaiv\ptX \ c-Xn \ hn\iyXn
XZ-cw
2 bx kzbw cmPtX k kzcm-Sv.
3 tbmfn-cnh Imex Ie-bnXm {]f-b-Im
k Imem-n-co-izc:
Acx F ]Z- n\v kh- h ym-
]nbpw \mi-c-ln-X-\pam-bn-p--h FY
amWv. kzbw {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-am-b-Xp-sIm-mWv
kzcmSv F t]cp h-Xv. {]f-b-Im-e-n
kakvXhkvXp--fp-sSbpw Ime\pw, Imes
Ime-\p-am-bXpsImpw Cuiz-cs\ Imem-n
Fp hnfn-p-p.
8. (C{w an{Xav ) bmsXm-v, AZzn-Xo-bhpw,
kXy-{_-h - p-amb hkvXp-hm-Ip-p-thm, AXn\v
C{ apX-emb t]cp-If - p-v. "Zypjp iptjp
]ZmcvtYjp `hm Znhyx' {]Ir-XymZn Znhy-
7. \nc-cw = A-c-an-msX, AIhpw ]pdhpw kh{X
hym]-I-sa-Yw AXm-bXv Fm-nepw hepXv F
"_rlhryu' ([mXp]mTw1.488) F [mXp-hn \nv
Cu {_kw knn-pp.
8. Cu {_kw "_rlq DZy-at\' ([mXp]mTw6.59)
F [mXp-hn \nv knn-pp.
3
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
]ZmY- - f n- s emw hym]n- n- c n- p- - h
Znhy. "tim`-\m\n ]cvWm\n ]me-\m-\n,
]qcvWm\n IcvamWn hm b-ky- k- (kp-]cvWx)'
Da ]me-\mZnIa- ]qW-am-bn-cn-p--
h kp]W. tbm Kpcvhmflm k K-cp-flm.
GsXm-n-s Bflm-hv AYhm kzcq-]w, al-
mtWm AXv Kcp-flm. "tbm amXcnizm
hmbp-cnh _e-hm k am-X-cnizm' hmbp-h-n-
s\-tmse Af-h _e-ap--h-\mbn hn-
p--Xn-\m "amX-cnizm' Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-
p. Cs\ Ah-b-hmYw t\mp-tm
Znhy. kp]W, Kcp-flm, amX-cnizm
Fn-h-sbmw Cuiz-cs \ma--fm-sWp
shfn-hm-Ip-p. kth-iz-cs ap \ma--fpsS
AYw ]noSv hnh-cn-p--Xm-Wv.
9. (`q-an-c-kn) ""`hn `qXm\n bkymw km
`qanx'' 9 kh-N-cm-N-c-fpw Cuiz-c-\n
hn-p--XpsImv Cuiz-c\v `qan F
t]cp-ap-v. Cu thZ-hm-Iy-n-ep ap \ma-
-fpsS AYw ]noSv Fgp-Xmw.
10. (C-t{m- a-m) Cu a{-n-ep "C{'
kw Cuiz- c s\ Ipdn- p- Xp sImv
ChnsS {]am-W-ambn FSp-s-gp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv.
11. ({]m-Wm-b) ico-c-n-ep kI-em-h-b-
h- fpw C{n- b - fpw Fs\ {]mWs
A[o-\-n-em-b n-c n-p- pthm AXp-t]mse
temIw apgp-h\pw Cuiz-cs A[o-\-n-emWv
Ccn-p--Xv. AXn-\m Cuiz-c\p {]mW
F t]cp hp.
C- s \- b p {]am- W - - f psS icn- b mb
AYw a\-n-em-p--tXm-Sp-IqSn Cu \ma-
Cuiz-cs ]cym-b--fm-sWp shfn-hm-
Ip-p. Fs-m HmwIm-c-n-sbpw AKv\n
apX-emb \ma--fp-sSbpw apJymYw "Cuiz-
c' Fp-X-s-bm-Wv. Ejn-ap-\n-am cNn-n-
p hymI-c-Ww, \ncp-w, {_m-Ww, kq{X-
apX-emb hymJym-\--fn Cuiz-c-s\
apJymY-amWv {Klnp ImWp-X - v. AXp-Xs
bmWv \-sf-m-hcpw {Kln-t--Xv. Fm
9. `qan i_vZw `oamZn KW-n D-Xm-Wv. `oam-Ztbm
f]mZmt\ (3.4.74) F AjvSm-[ymbo \nb-a{- ]-Imcw A]m-
Zm-\-n {]Xybw hcWw. {K-Im-cs DWm-Zn-tIm-i-
n 4.46 mw hrn "`hn ]ZmcvYmAkym-anXn `qanx'
Fv hypev]n \Ipp. AXn-\m ChnsS _lpe
{KlW kma-Yym A[n-I-c-W-nepw hypev]n
t_m[n-Ww
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
HmwImcw ]c-ta-iz-c\p am{X-ap \mat[-b-am-
Wv. An apX-emb \ma--fn \nv Cuiz-c-
s\p {Kln-p-Xp {]I-c-W-sbpw hnti-
j--sfbpw A\p-k-cn-m-Wv. CXn \np
knn-p-X - v, GtXXp m\-fn kvXpXn,
{]mY-\, D]m-k\ apX-emb {]I-c-W--fpw,
kh-, kh-hym-]n, ip, k\m-X-
\, krjvSn-Imhv apX-emb hnti-j-W-
fpw D]-tbm-Kn-n-ptm Ahn-sS-sbmw Cu
\ma- Cuiz- c - h m- N n- b m- s W- t{X.
Fm:
XtXm- hn-cmU-Pm-b-X- hn-cmtPm A[n ]qcpjx
(b-PpcvthZw 31.5)
t{im{Xm-Zzm-bp {]mW apJm-Z - ncPmbX
(b-PpcvthZw 31.12)
tX\ tZhm Ab-P (b-PpcvthZw 31.9)
]m-Zv`q-an-atYm ]pcx (b-PpcvthZw 31.5)
XkvamZzm GX-kvam-Zm-fl\ BIm-ix -kw-`qXx
BIm-im-Zzm-bpx. hmtbm-cnx. Atcm]x.
AZv`yx ]rYnho. ]rYnhym Hmj-[-bx. Hmj-
[n-t`ymf-w. Am-t{ZXx tcXkx ]pcp-jx 10.
k hm Gj ]pcp-tjm-f--c-k-abx
(ssX-n-co-tbm-]-\n-j-Zz-N-\w) 11
Ccw {]am-W--fn hncm-Sv, ]pcp-j,
tZh, BIm-iw, hmbp, An, Pew, `qan
CXymZn ]Z- eu-In-I] - Z- mY-sfpdn-p-
p. Fs-m GtXXp e--fn Dev]-
n, nXn, {]f-bw, Aev]-, PUw,
Zriyw Fp XpS-nb hnti-j-W- {]tbm-
Kn-n-ptm Ahn-sS-sbpw Cuiz-c-s\
AYw {Kln--cp-Xv. Cuiz-c Dev]-ymZn
hyh-lm-c--Xo-X-\m-Wv. Chn-sS--d
a{--fn Dev]-ym-Zn-I ]d-n-cn-p-
Xn\m ChnsS hncmSv apX-emb ]Z--fn
\nv euIn-I-]-ZmY-sf am{Xw {Kln--Ww.
Cuiz-c-s\Ysa-Sp--cp-Xv. kh- apX-
emb hnti-j ImWp-n-Sv ]c-amflm
hnt\bpw CmtZzj- , kpJ- Z px- J -
- -
Aev] - Xzw apX-emb hnti-jW - - ImWp-
10 ssX-cob Bc-WyIw ssX-cob D]-\n-jXvv Fn-
h-bn {]mtbW Hmj-[ot`ymfav, AmXv ]pcpj F
]mT-amWv ImWpXv. ChnsS \nZn-a - mb ]mTw ssX-
cob Bc-WyIw 8.2 s ]mTmc-n D]-e-_v[-am-Wv.
B\-m-{iaw ]q\m FUn-j-\nepw aWn-{]-`m-bp GIm-
Z-tim]\n-j- nepw CtX ]mT-am-Wv.
11. {_m-\--hn .1
4
 Hmw kap-mkw
tm Pohm-flm-hnt\bpw {Kln--W-sa-Xv
kmh-{XnI \nb-a-am-Wv. ]c-ta-iz-c\p P\-\-a-c-
W- Hcn-epw kw`-hn-p-n-. AXn-\m
hncm-SmZn \ma--fmepw PmZn hnti-j-W--
fmepw PK-nse PUhpw Pohm-Zn-]Z- mY-fpw
Fv {K-ln--Ww. Cuiz-c-s\ AYw kzoI-
cn--cp-Xv.
hncm-SmZn \ma--fm F{]-Imcw Cuiz-c-
s\ AYw {Kln-p-hm Ign-bp-p-shv
Adn-bp-hm Xmsg-sm-Sp-p {]am-W-
t\mp-I.
"Hmw' s hnkvXr-X- hym-Jym\w
"A'
hncmSv: "hn' F D]-kK-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
cmPr,- Zo]v X u 12 F [mXp- h n Izn]v
{]Xybw tNp-tm hncmSv F cq]w
knn-p-p. "tbm hnhn[w \ma- NcmfNcw
PKZvcmP-bXn {]Im-i-bXn k hncmSv' hnhn[
Ncm-Nckzcq-]-amb hnizs Xs tXP-p-
sImv {]Im-in-n-p-h- \- mtcm Ah hncmSvv.
AXv Cuiz-c am{X-am-Ib - m hncmSv F ]Zw
Cuiz-cs\ Ipdn-p-p.
An: ""Ap, KXn]qP-\tbmx'' 13 (AKv
AKn CWv KXycvY-I-) 14 Cu [mXp KXnsb
kqNn-n-p-p. An-bpsS hyp]n Ch-
bn \nv kw`-hn-p-p. KtX-kv{Xtbmf
cvYmx KXn F ]Z-n\v m\w, Ka\w,
{]m]vXn, Fp aqY-ap-v. ]qP-\-n\v
kXvmcw FY-am-Wv. tbmf Xn ANy-
tXfAK-XyMvKtXyXn (hm) tkmfb-anx''
bmsXm-v m\-kz-cq-]-\pw, kh--\pw,
Adn-bp-hm-t\m, {]m]n-p-hm-t\m, k-cn-p-
hmt\m tbmKy-\p-amtWm Ah An-bm-Ip-
p. A{]-Im-c-ap--h ]c-ta-iz-c-\m-Wv. AXn-
\m An F ]Zw Cuiz-cs t]cm-Wv.
hniz: "hni, {]th-it\' 15 F [mXp-
hn \nm-Wv. hniz i_vZw Dm-Ip--Xv.
hnin {]hn-jvSm\n kcvhm-Wym-Im-im-Zo\n
`qXm\n bkv a n. tbm hmffIm- i m- Z njp
kcv t hjp `qtXjp {]hnjv S x k hniz
12 [mXp-]mTw1.569
13 [mXp-]mTw1.115
14 AK-,AKn, C-[mXp]mTw1.538,1.88, 2.38
15 [mXp-]mTw6.133
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Cuizcx BImiw XpS-nb kIe `qX-fpw
bmsXm- c p- h - \ n {]th- i np nXn- s Np-
pthm AYhm Ch-I-fn-semw {]th-inv
Fpw \ndp hn-p-pthm Ah
hniz. AXv Cuiz-c-\m-I-bm hniz-i_vZw
Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-bn.
hncm-Sv, An, hniz Fo \ma-sf-
mw HmwIm-c-nse AIm-c-am-{X-bn \nv
{Kln-t--Xm-Wv.
"D'
lnc-Wy-K`: ""tPymXnssh lncWyw 16
tXtPm ssh lnc-Wyw 17 CssXy-X-tcbiX-
]Y{_m-tW. 18 tbm lnc-Wym\mw kqcym-
Zo\mw tXPkmw Kcv` Dev]n \nan--a-[n-
I-cWw k lnc-Wy-Kcv`x'' tXP-kzn-I-fmb
kqcymZntemI- bmsXm-n \nv DZv`-
hn-p-Ibpw bmsXm-ns\ B{i-bnv \ne-
\np-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXv lnc-Wy-
K`. AYhm tXP-kz-cq-]--fmb kqcymZn
]ZmY--fpsS Dev]-n-m-\hpw Ccn-n-S-hp-
ambn hn-p-Xv lnc-Wy-K`. AXv
Cuiz-c-\-msX am-cp-a-. AXn-\m lnc-Wy-
K` F \maw Cuiz-c-t-Xm-Wv. CXn\v
{]am-W-ambn bPpth-Z-a{w t\mpI: lnc-
Wy-Kcv`x ka-hcvX - mt{K `qX-ky P
- mXx ]Xn-
tcI BkoXv. k Zm-[mc ]rYnhow Zymap-
tXamw Ikvssa tZhmb lhnjm hnt[a. (b-
Pp. 13.4) Ccw k`--fn lnc-Wy-K`
]Zw Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Wv.
hmbp: ""hm, KXn-K--\tbmx'' 19 F
[mXp-hn \nv 'hmbp' knn-p-p. K\av
lnwk-\av 20 K\w F ]Z-n\v lnwk\w
FY-am-Wv. "tbm hmXn Ncmf-Ncw PK--
cXn (Po-hb - Xn {]e-b - n) _en\mw _enjvTx
k hmbpx' Ncm-N-cm-fl-I-amb `ph-\s [cn-
16 iX]Y-{_m-Ww 6.7.1.2 tPymXncv ssh ip{Iw
lnc-Wy-av. sFXtcb-{_m-Ww 7.12
17 ssXcob {_mWw 8.1.9.1
18 sFX-tcbw N- iX-]-Yw N- = sFXtcbiX-]Yav,
sFXtcbiX-]Yw N XZv {_m-W - av N sFXtcbiX
]Y-{_m-Ww Xkvan Fp kam-kn-Ww.
19 [mXp]mTw 2.43
20 _kvXK AcvZt\ [mXp]mTw10. 152
AcvZ- lnw-km-bmav [m-Xp]mTw 10. 255
K\w acvZ\w CXn-ocXcMvKnWymw IzmNnXv Ix
[mXp-]mThymJym\w (cmw- em I]q {Sv) t]Pv178
5
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
p-Ibpw kwl-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-, _e-hm-
m-cn _en-jvT-\mb B kt-hiz-c-\mWv
hmbp.
ssXP-k:""XnP, \nimt\'' 21F [mXp-
hn \nv tXPx knn-p-p. tXP-i-_vZ-n
Hcp Xn- X - { ]- X ybw 22 Iqn- t m
ssXP-ki_vZw Dm-Ipw. kzbw {]Im-i-kz-
cq-]\pw kqcym-Zn-tem-I-sf {]Im-in-n-p--
h-\p-am-I-bm Cuiz-cs t]cv ssXP-k
Fm-Wv.
lnc-Wy-K`, hmbp, ssXP-k Fo
\ma- HmwIm-c - nse DIm-ca - m-{X-bn \np
{Kln-p-p.
"av'
Cuiz-c: ""Cui-, sF-iztcy'' 23 F
[mXp-hn \nmWv Cuiz-c-i-_vZ-kn-n. "b'
Cjv t S kcv s shiz- c y- h m hcv X - t X k
Cuizcx kXy-hn-Nm-c-io-ew, m\w apX-emb
AkwJyw sFiz-cy--fp kmm ]c-am-
flm-hn-s\-bmWv Cuiz-c-s\p hnfn-p--Xv.
BZn-Xy; ""tZm, Ah-JW - vUt\'' 24 F
[mXp-hn \nv (\Rv Ahyb D]-]-Z-am-I-
bmD- ] - ] Zw apn- e p ]Zw- ) AZnXn
i_vZs hypev]m-Zn-nv B AZn-Xn-bn
XnX{]Xybw tNm BZn-Xy-i_vZw
e`n-pw. 25 ""\ hnZytX hn\mtimf bky
tkmb-a-Zn-Xnx. AZn-Xn-tch BZnXyx'' Hcp- Im-
epw \mi-an-m kth-iz-cs - \-bmWv BZn-
Xy F \ma-m {Kln-t--Xv.
{]m: "{]' F D]-kK-tmSp
IqSnb ""m, Ah-t_m-[-t\ 26'' F [mXp-
19 [mXp]mTw1.698
22 {]m-`n-`y (AjvSm[ymbn5.4.38)
F kq{X-m {]m-Zn-bpsS BIrXn
KW-m kzmY-n "AWv'{]Xybw.
23 [mXp]mTw2.10
24 [mXp]mTw4.39
25 ZnXy-Zn-Xym-Zn-Xy-]X
- yp-c ]ZmWyx (AjvSm[ymbn4.1.85)
F kq{X{]-Imcw {]mKvZo-hy-Xo-bmY-n "Wy'
{]Xybw hv BZn-Xy-kn-n. kzmY-n XnX
{]Xy-ba - mWv aljo-aX - w. "NmXpcvhcvWym-Zo\mw
kzmY D]-kw-Jym-\av' F alm-`mjyhmXnI
{]Imcw (alm-`mjyw5.1.124) kzmY-n "jyRv'
{]Xybw. NmXphWymZn BIr-Xn-KW - a
- m-Wv.
26 [mXp]mTw9.40
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
hn \nv {]-i_vZw Dm-Ipp. {]
i_v Z n XnX{]Xy- b w 27 tNm
{]m]Zw DmIpw bx {]Ir--jvS-Xbm Ncm-
fN- c ky PKtXm hyh- l mcw Pm\mXn k
{]x. {] Gh {]mx. kqW {`a-
c-ln-X-amb bYmY-m-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw
kI-e-N-cm-N-c--fp-sSbpw hyh-lm-c-sf icn-
bmbn Adn-bp-Xpw kh--\p-amb Cuiz-
cs \ma-t[-b-amWv {]m F ]Zw.
Cuiz-c, BZn-Xy, {]m Fo
\ma- HmwIm-c-nse aIm-c-n \np
{Kln--h-bm-Wv. HmwIm-c-n-e-`hn aqp
am{X-If- n Hmtcm-n-sebpw aqv AYw hoXw
ChnsS hymJym-\n-p. CXp-t]mse thsdbpw
At\-I-\m-a- HmwIm-c-n A`-hn-n-
pv
an{X apX-e-mb-h-bpsS hymJym\w
""iwt\m an{Xx'' Fp XpS-p a{-n
ImWp an{X apX-emb ]Z-fpw Cuiz-
cs\pdn-p t]cp-I Xs. Fs-m
kvXpXn, {]mY-\, D]m-k\ Fn-hb - vl
t{ijvT-\m-b-h am{X-am-Wv. KpWw, Iaw,
kz`m-hw, kXy-hy-h-lmcw Fn-h-bn Fm-
h-sc-mfpw HuXyw D-h-\t{X t{ijvT.
t{ijvT-m-cnshv t{ijvT Cuiz-c-\m-Wv,
am-cp-a-. Cuiz-c\v Xpey apv Dm-bn-n-,
Ctm C. C\n Dm-hp-I-bp-an-. Atm
Cuiz-c-t\-m D-X-\mb asm-cp-h F-
s\-bp-m-Im-\mWv? kXyw, \ymbw, Zb, kh-
Iakm- a Yyw, kh- Xzw apX- e mb
AkwJyw KpW- Cuiz-c-\p--Xp-t]mse
GsX-nepw PU-]-ZmY-nt\m Pohm-flm-
hnt\m C. kXy-am-b-Xns KpW-Iakz`m-h-
fpw kXy-am-bn-cn-pw. AXn-\m a\p-jy-sc-
m-hcpw kth-iz-c-s\-bmWv {]mYn-p-I-bpw,
kvXpXn-p-Ibpw D]m-kn-p-Ibpw sNt--Xv.
asm-n-t\-bp-a-. {_m-hv, hnjvWp, inh
Fp t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]ucm-WnIhnZzm-m-cpw,
ssZXy-m, Zm\-h-m XpS-nb \nIr-jvS-a-
\pjycpw CXc km[m-cWa\p-jycpw ]qW-
hn-izm-k-tmSp IqSn kvXpXn-pIbpw {]mYn-
p-I-bpw, D]m-kn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-Xv
27 {]m-Zn-`y (AjvSm[ymbn5.4.38) F
kq{X-{]-Imcw kzmY-n "A' {]Xybw
6
 Hmw kap-mkw
kth-iz-c-s\-bm-Wv. asm-n-t\-bp-a-. AXp-
sImv As\ Xs sNp- - X mWv
\appw DNn-Xw. Cu hnj-b-s-n tamtm-
]m-k-\-I-sf-n N-sN-p-tm khn-ti-j-
ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-mw.
an{X apX-em-bh Cuiz-c-hmNn
tNmZyw: an{XmZn \ma- v kplr- v ,
Fpw C{mZn tZh-X-Iv \S-n-en-cn-p
AYw Iv Ahsb A{]-Im-chpw {Kln-t-
-Xt?
kam-[m\w:- ChnsS B AY- kzoI-cn-
p-Xp icn-b-.- F-s-m temI-n
Hcp-hs kplr-m-bn-cn-p--bm asm-cp-
hs i{Xp-hmbpw thsdm-cp-hs i{Xpthm
an{Xtam AmsXbpw hn-p-p. AXn-
\m an{Xm- Z n- \ m- a - - f psS apJymYambn
kplrv apX- e m- b - h sb kzo- I - c n- - c p- X v .
IqSmsX F{]-Imcw Cuiz-c \nb-ta\ temI-
ns apgp-h\pw kplr-m-bn-cn-p-I-bpw,
Bcp-sSbpw i{Xpthm ]-]m-Xntbm BIm-
Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-thm, A{]-Imcw Bbn-
cn-p-hm Hcp Pohm-flm-hn\pw Ign-bp--X-.
AXn-\m Cu {]I-c-W-n an{XmZn \ma-
-fpsS apJymY-ambn {Kln-t-Xv Cuiz-
c-s\-m-Wv. KuWmY-n kplr-spw
apw D AYhpw kzoIm-cy-am-Wv.
an{X: ""RnanZm, kvt\lt\'' 28 F
[mXp-hn HuWm-Zn-I-amb {{]-Xy-bw 29
tNp an{X-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""taZy-Xn- kv\n-
lyXn kv\nlytX hm k an{Xx'' Fm-h-
scbpw kvt\ln-p--h As-n Fm-
hcpw {]km-Zn-n-t--h-\m-b-Xp-sImv Cuiz-
c\v an{X Fp t]cm-bn.
hcp-W:- ""hrRv-, h-ctW; hc, Cu]vkm-
bmw'' 30 Fo [mXp--fn DWmZn D\ 31
{]Xybw tNn-mWv hcp-W-i-_vZ-ap-m-Ip--
Xv. bx kcvhm injvSm apap-q [cvam-
28 [mXp]mTw4.129
29 DWmZntImiw (4.165) Aan-Nnan-Zn-iw-kn-`yx {x
kq{X-{]Imcw "{x' {]tbm-K-s-tmse "anRv'
(kzm-Zn) [mXp-hn\pw hypev]n Imp-p.
30 hrRv, hc-tW. ([mXp]mTw5.8)
hc, Cu]vkmbmav. (-[mXp]mTw10.280)
31 IrhrZm-cn-`y D
- \
- (DWmZn-tIm-iw3.53) _lpe {KlW
-m "hc' [mXp-hn\npw D\ {Kml-y-am-Wv.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
flt\m hrtWmXn; bx injvssScvapap-p-`n-
[cvam-fl`nx {hnbtX hcv-tX hm k hcpWx
]c-ta-izcx'' BcmtWm tbmKnI-tfbpw hnZzm-
m-tcbpw apn-bm-{K-ln-p--h-tc-bpw ap-
m- t c- b pw [a- n \njv T - b p- - h - t cbpw
AwKo-I-cn-p-Xv AYhm injvT-mcpw apap-
p-fpw ap-mcpw [am-flm-fpw Bsc
AwKo-I-cn-p-pthm B Cuiz-c-\t{X hcp-
W. IqSmsX ""hcp-tWm-\ma hcx t{ijvTx''
AXm-bXv hcp-W\v t{ijvT FY-ap-v.
Cuiz-c Fm-h-tc-mfpw t{ijvT-\m-b-Xp-
sImv At-l-ns\ hcp-W-s\p hnfn-m-
hp--Xm-Wv.
Acyamx ""E, KXn{]m]-W-tbmx'' 32 F
[mXp-hn bXv 33 {]Xybw Iqn-tm
Acy i_vZw knn-pw. Acy- i-_vZ-]qh-I-
amb "amMv, amt\i_vtZ N' 34 F [mXp-
hn I\n 35 {]Xybw tN-m Acyam
F ]Zhpw hypev]--am-Ipw. tbmfcvbym
kzmant\m \ymbm-[-oim anaotX am\ym
ItcmXn tkmfcyam'' kXyhpw \ymbhpw A\p-
jvTn-p a\p-jysc am\n-p-Ibpw ]pWy]m-
]- sNp--hv AXm-Xns ^es
bYmXY-ambn \Ip-Ibpw sNp Cuiz-cs
t] "Acya' Fm-Ip-p.
C{: ""CZn, ]c-ssa-iz-tcy'' 36F [mXp-
hn c 37 {]Xybw tNp-X - m-bm C{
F ]Zw Dm-Ipw. ""b CXn ]c-ssa-iz-cy-
hm `hXn k C{x ]c-ta-izcx'' kIe
sFiz-cy--tfmSpw IqSnb Cuiz-cs t]
C{ Fm-Wv.
_rl-kv]Xn: _rlXv F ]Zw D]-]-Z-
ambnp ""]m, ctW'' 38 F [mXp-hn
UXn {]Xy-bw 39 tNv D]-]-Z-nse XIm-
32 [mXp]mTw1.670
33 Acyx- kzmansshiytbmx (AjvSm[ym-bn3.1.103)
F-Xn "kzman' FY-n "bXv' {]Xy-bm-a - mb
\n]mXw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
34 [mXp]mTw3.6
35 izp-...-Ac - y-a.... (DWmZn-tImiw1.159)
F-Xn I\n\v{]Xy-bm \n]mXw.
36 [mXp]mTw1.51
37 Et{P-{m{K (DWm-Zn-tImiw2.28) F kq{X-n
"c\v' {]Xy-bmw \n]m-Xw.
38 [mXp]mTw2.49.
39 ]mtXUXnx (DWmZn-tImiw4.58)
7
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
c-n\p tem]hpw kpSv F BK-a-hpw 40
hcp-n-bm _rl-kv]Xn F cq]w Inpw.
""tbm _lrXmw BIm-im-Zo\mw ]Xnx kzmao
]me-bnXm k _rl-kv]X - nx. hen-bh
- c
- n hen-
b-h\pw BIm-imZn {_m-WvU--sf-sbmw
Imp-c-n-p--h-\p-amb Ah-\mWv _rl-
kv]-Xn. AXv Cuiz-c-\m-I-bm _rl-kv]Xn
FXv PK-Zo-iz-cs t]cm-Wv.
hnjvWp: ""hnjver, -hym-]vXu'' 41 F
[mXp-hn \p 42 F {]Xybw tNp-I.
Fm hnjvWp F cq]w Inpw.
""ththjvSn hym]vt\mXn Ncmf-Ncw PKXv k
hnjvWpx'' mh-c-Pw-Ka hkvXp- sImp
krjvSn-n-p Cu temI-n-sepw hym]-
I-\mb Cuiz-cs\ hnjvWp Fp hnfn-p-p.
Dcp-{I-a: ""Dcpcva-lm {Iax ]cm-{I-tam-
bky k Dcp-{Iax'' Af-h ]cm-{I-a-ap--Xp-
sImv Cuiz-c\v Dcp-{I-a Fp t]cp-m-
bn.
a{mYw: (kapmkm-cw-`-nse a{-n Dcp-
{Ia XpS-nb ]Z-f- psS D]-tbmKw {in-pI. ]cn`mj-
I) (D-cp-{I-ax) henb ]cm-{I-a-tmSp IqSn-b-
h\pw (an-{Xx) Fm-h-cp-sSbpw kplrpw
Bp-samcp hntcm-[hpw sNm-h - \
- pw (iw)
kpJ-Zm-b-I\pw (h-cp-Wx) Fm-h-tc-mfpw
t{ijvT\pw (iw) kpJ-kz-cq-]\pw (A-cy-am)
\mbm-[n-]-Xnbpw (iw) awK-f-{]-Z\pw (C-{x)
kI-e-sF-iz-cy--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw (iw) kI-
e-sF-iz-cy--sfbpw Zm\w sNp--h\pw (_r-
l-kv]-Xnx) Fm-n-sbpw A[n-jvTm-Xmhpw
hnZysb Zm\w sNp-h - \pw (hn-jvWpx) kh-
hym- ] n- b p- a m- b n- c n- p kth- i z- c (\x)
\app (iw) awK-fs Zm\w sNp--h-\mbn
(`-h-Xp) `hn--s.
(hmtbm tX {_tW \tamf-kvXp) ""_rl-
_r-ln-hr-u 43 Fo [mXp--fn \nm-Wv
{_- 44i_vZw Dm-Ip--Xv. _rl-n hv
40 XXv_r-ltXmivtNmc tZhXtbmx kpSv Xtem-]
(KWkq{Xw6.1.151) ]mc-kvc
- m-Zn-a
- mb
KW-kq-{X-m.
41 [mXp]mTw 3.13
42 hntj-x In (DWmZn-tImiw3.39)
43 [mXp]mTw1.488
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
_rl-a - \
- pw, Af-h _e-ap-h - \pw kthm-
]- c n- b mbn hnf- p- - h \pw ]c- { _- - s ap
hnJym-X-\p-amb ]c-am-flm-hns\ R \a-
kv I - c n- p- p. tl! kth- i zcm (Xz- t ah
{]Xyw {_m-kn) Ahn-Spp Xs-bmWp
khm--cym-an-bm-bn-cpv {]Xy--{_--ambn
hnf-p--Xv. (Xzmtah {]Xyw {_ hZn-
jym-an) Rm A-sb--sbmWv {]Xy--
{_--sap ]d-bp--Xv. Fs-m Ahn-Spv
Fpw \nd- - h - \ m- b n- c pv Fm- h pw
Fpw {]m]y-\mbn hn-p-p.
(EXw hZn-jym-an) \nn-cp-h-SnbpsS thZ--
fn ImWs-Sp A\p-im-k-\-sf Rm
Fm-hpw D]tZinp-Ibpw kzbw A\p-
jvTn-p-Ibpw sNmw. (kXyw hZn-jym-an)
Rm kXys a\\w sNmw. kXyw ]d-
bmw. A\p-jvTm-\-nepw kXys cn-mw.
(X-m-a-h-Xp) AXn-\m Ahn-Spv Fs
Imp-c-n-m-epw. (X-Zzmc-a-h-Xp) B]vX-
\m-b--kXyw ]d-bp---Fs Av cn-m-
epw. Fs _pn Ahn-Sps B-Isf
AN- - e - X - t bm- S p- I qSn A\p- k - c n- p- I - b pw
Ahbn \nv hyXn-N-en-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp- a m- d m- I - s . Fs- m Ahn- S ps
B-I Xs-bmWv bYmY-amb [aw.
AXn\v hncp--am-b-sXmw A[a-am-Wv. (A-
hXp ama- h Xp hm- c w) cm- a - X v 4 5
Bhnp ]d-Xv \n-bs tZymXn-n-
m-\m-Ip-p. Hcp-h CX-c-t\m-Sv, Xzw {Kmaw
K K Fp ]d-bp-p. ChnsS "K' F
{Inbm-]Zw cp-X-hW Bhn-n-p--Xn-
\m ""\o DS-\Sn {Kma-n-tep t]mIWw''
FYw Inp-p. AXp-t]mse Cu {]I-c-W-
nepw ]p\-cm-h-\-ns AYw, Ahn-
Spv Fs \n-b-ambpw cn--Ww. Fs
a\v [a-n ZrVambn Ddp \np-Ibpw
A[as shdp-p-Ibpw sN---hw
I\n--\p-{K-ln--Ww. AXv hen-sbmcp D]-
Im-c-ambn Rm hnNm-cnpw Fm-Wv. (Hmw
imnx imnx imnx) B[ym-fln-Iw, B[n-
44 _rwtl-t\m (DWmZn-tImiw 4.147)
F kq{X-m _rln (_rw-l) F [mXp-hn
\np-m-b-Xv. "_rl']-n _lpe{Kl-W-
m "Aav' BK-a-sa--dn-b-Ww.
45 A`ymtk `qbmwkacvYw a\yt (\n-cpw10.42)
8
 Hmw kap-mkw
`u-Xn-Iw, B[n-ssZ-hn-Iw 46 Fn-s\ aqp-
hn-[-n-ep ZpxJ--fmWv Cu temI-n-ep-
-Xv. Ahn-Zy, cmK-tZz-j - , `o-cpXzw apX-emb
am\-kn-I-]o-U-I-fpw, ]\n apX-emb imco-cnI
tcmK--fp-amWv B[ym-fln-I-Zpx-J-. i{Xp-
-fmb a\p-jy-cn \npw, ]pen, ]mv, apX-
emb Pp--fn \npw Dm-Ip ]oU-I-
fmWv B[n-`u-XnI ZpxJ-. AXn-hr-jvSn,
AXn-ssi-Xyw, AXypjvWw apX-em-b-h-bm
a\-kn\pw C{n-b-pw Df-hm-Ip ZpxJ-
-fmWv B[nssZ-hn-I-. Xm]-{X-b-sa
Cu aqp hn[ ZpxJ--fp-sSbpw ia-\-n-
\mbnt{X a{-n aqp {]mhiyw imn
HmXn-bn-cn-p--Xv. Ahn-Spp Rsf aqp-
hn[ ZpxJ--fn \np cnv awK-f-I-c-amb
Ia--fn {]hn-n--Ww. Fs-m,
Av awK-f-kz-cq-]nbpw kh-tem-I-n\pw
awK-f{- ]-Z\
- pw, [man-Ic
- mb apap-p-v awK-
fs Zm\w sNp--h-\pam-W-tm. Av
ss\kKn-I-amb Imcp-Wy-m kIe Pohm-
flm--fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-n hnf-p-p. B
hnfw \nanw kIe Pohm- fl m- fpw
A[as XyPnv [as A\p-jvTn-p-
Ibpw ZpxJ-sf AIn ]-c-am-\-s A\p-`-
hn-p-Ibpw sNp-am-dm-I-s.
kqcy: ""kqcy Bflm PK-XkvX-p-j-
'' 47F bPpth-Z-h-N-\-{]-Imcw (P-K-Xx)
tNX-\-fpw PwK-a--fp-amb Poh-Pm-e--fp-
sSbpw (X-p-jx) AtN-X-\-fpw mh-c-
-fp-amb ]rYn-hymZn PU-]-ZmY--fp-sSbpw
A-cm-flm-hmbn nXn sNbvXv kz{]-Imiw
sImv Fm-n-s\bpw {]Im-in-nv hn-p-
Xn-\m kth-iz-c\v kqcy F t]cv
e`n-p.
]c-am-flmhv: AX, kmXXyKat\ 48 F
[mXp-hn \nv Bflm F ]Zw Dm-Ip-
p. tbmfXXn hym]vt\mXn k Bflm; Pohm-
Zn-bmb PK-n apgp-h\pw \nc-cw hym]-I-
46 kXymY {]Im-i-ns HXmw kap-m-k-ns
Ah-km-\-n Cu ]Z--fpsS hymJym-\-ap-v.
47 bPpcvthZw7.42
48 [mXp]mTw1.31 kmXn`ymw a\n--\nWu
(DWmZn-tImiw4.153) F kq{X-m
Bflm-i_vZw knn-pp
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
am-bn-cn-p-Xv Bflm. ]c 49-m-km-hm-flm-
N, b Btflt`ym Poth`yx kqvta`yx
]tcmf-Xn- kqvax k ]-c-amflm'', kh-Po-
hm-Zn-I-tf-m DIr-jvS\pw, Pohm-flm-
BIm-iw, {]IrXn Fn-h-tb-m AXn-kq-
vahpw Fm Pohm--flm--fp-sSbpw A-cym-
an-bmb Bflmhpw BI-bm Cuiz-c\v ]c-am-
flmhv F t]cp hp.
]c-ta-iz-c;- Cuiz-c F-Xn-\p kmaYy-
hm Fm- W Yw. ""b Cuiz- t cjp
kacvtYjp ]cax t{ijvTx k ]-c-ta-izcx''
kaY- c n shp t{ijv T FXn- c n- m
kmaYy-tmSp IqSn-b-h, Xpey-ambn asm-
p-an-m--h FmWp ]c-ta-iz-c F
]Z-ns AYw.
khnXm: ""jpRv, A`njth; jqMv, {]mWn-
Kcv`-hn-tam-N-t\'' 50 Fo [mXp--fn \np
khn- X m- i _v Z w knn- p- p. ""A`n- j hx
{]mWn-Kcv`-hn-tam-N\w tNmXv]m-Z\w. b-cm-
Ncw PKXv kpt\mXn kqtX thmXv]m-Z-bXn
k k-hnXm ]c-ta-izcx'' kh-tem-I-sbpw
Dev]m-Zn-n-p--Xp-sImv Cuiz-c\v khnXm
Fp t]cm-bn.
tZh: ""Znhp {IoUm-hnPn-Kojmhyh-lm-c-
ZypXnkvXpXn-tam-Z-a-Z-kz-]v\-Im-n-K-Xn-jp'' 51
F [mXp-hn \nv tZh-i_vZw knn-p-
p. ({Io-Um) 52 ip-\m-bn-cpv PK-ns\
{IoUn-n-p-X - p-sIm-pw, (hn-Pn-Ko-jm) [man-
I-msc Pbn-n-p-hm-\p C-sIm-pw, (hy-
h-lm-c) Fm tNjvS-Ipw km[-t\m-]-km-
[-\-sf \Ip--Xn-\m-epw, (Zyp-Xn) kzbw
{]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw CX-cv {]Imiw \Ip-
-h-\m-I-bm-epw, (kvXp-Xn) {]iw-kn-p-hm
tbmKy-\m-b-Xp-aq-e-hpw, (tam-Z) kzbw B\--
kz-cq-]\pw ap--hv B\--Zm-Xm-hm-b-Xp-
sImpw (a-Z) atZm--sc Aa sNbvI-
bm-epw, (kz-]v\) Fm-hpw Dd-p-hm
49 ]caw FYw hcp "]c' i_vZ-m
AY-\ntZiw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
"]c-a
- m-km-hmflm ]c-amflx' Fp hn{K-ln-W
- w.
50 [mXp]mTw5.1.,
[
- mXp]mTw2.24
51 [mXp]mTw4.1
52 ip\pw \nte-]-\p-am-bn-cpv
PK-ns\ {IoUn-n-phs\v AYw.
9
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
cm{Xn-tbbpw {]f-b-tbpw krjvSn-p--Xp-
sImpw (Im-n) {]m]n-p-hm tbmKy-\m-I-
bmepw (K-Xn) m\-kz-cq-]-\m-b-Xp-sImpw
Cuiz-c\v tZh F t]cp hp. AY-hm,
""tbm ZohyXn {IoUXn k tZhx'', kzw kzcq-
]-n B\-t- m-Sp-IqSn kzbw can-p-sImv
tahp-, ]c-k-lmbw CmsX Xs {IoU-
bmbn kl- P - k z- ` m- h - m kIe- P - K - n-
t\bpw krjvSn-p-, kI-e-{Io-U-Ipw
B{i-b-`q-X-\mbn nXn-sN-p kth-iz-c
FYw. ""hnPn-Ko-jtX k tZhx'' Fm-h-
scbpw Pbn-p-, Bcmepw Pbn--s-Sp-hm
Ign-bm--h FYw. ""hyh-lm-c-bXn k
tZhx''. \ymbhpw A\ym-b-hp-amb {]hr-n-
Isf Adn-bp--h\pw D]-tZ-jvSmhpw Bbn-cn-
p--h. ""b-cm-Ncw PKZvtZym-X-bXn k
tZhx'' Ncm-N-cm-fl-I-amb krjvSnsb {]Im-in-
n-p--h. ""bx kvXqbsX k tZhx kI-e-
a-\p-jy-cmepw {]iw-k-\o-b-\pw, \nn--s-Sp-
hm A\l-\pw. ""tbm tamZ-bXn k tZhx''
Hpw ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-msX kzbw B\--kz-
cq-]-\mbn Ccp-p-sImv A\y-mv B\
s P\n-n-p-h - . ""tbm amZy-Xn k- - tZhx''
kZm kp-jvS\pw timI-cl - n-X\pw ap-h- sc
ktm-jn-nv Ah-cpsS ZpxJ-sf AI-n--
f-bp-h- FYw. ""bx kzm]-bXn k tZhx''
alm-{]-fb- I
- m-e
- n Pohm-flm-sf Ahy--
n Dd-p--h bx ImabtX Imay-tX
hm k tZhx'' BcpsS Ima--sfmw kXy-
amtWm, As-n bmsXm-cp-hs ASp--
tep sNp- tN-cp-hm \-h-scmw B{K-
ln-p-pthm A-s\-bp--h. ""tbm K-Xn
KaytX hm k tZhx'' kh-hym-]nbpw Adn-
bp-hm tbmKy-\p-am-b-h. C{]-Imcw ]te
AY--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb tZh-i_vZw Cuiz-cs
Hcp \ma-am-Wv.
Ipt_c: ""Ip_n, Bm-Zt\'' F *[mXp-
hn \nmWv Ipt_-c-i_vZw hyp-ev]--am-Ip-
-Xv. ""bx kcvhw Ipw_Xn kzhym]vXymm-
Z-bXn k Ip-t_tcm PK-Zo-izcx'' Xs hym]vXn-
sImv temI-n-ep-ff kI-e-h-kvXp--sfbpw
*[mXp]mTw 1.290
53 "]rY' F [mXp [mXp-]m-T-n-en-. k{-km-cW
kwhn-[m-\-{]-Imcw A\p-h-Zn-n-cn-p [mXp--fn
sshbm-I-c-W-m hcp-p k{-km-cW- cq-]m--
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
Bm-Z\w sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p--h. Cu
iz.
]rYnhn: ]rYp ""hnkvXmtc'' F [mXp-
hn \nmWv ]rYnhn i_vZw Dm-Ip--Xv.
""bx ]cvYXn kcvhw PKZvhnkvXr-WmXn k
]rYnhn'' hnkvXr-Xa - mb Cu PK-ns\ hnkvX-
cn-p--h FYw 53.
Pew: Pe,- Lm- X t\ 54 F [mXp-
hn\np Pe-i_vZw knn-p-p. "PeXn
LmX-bXn ZpjvSm. kLm-X-bXn Ahy--
]-c-am-Wzm-Zo XZv {_- Pew' ZpjvS-m-cpsS
LmX-I-\pw, Ahy-w, ]c-am-Wp- Fn-
hsb Iqn-tp-Itbm thXn-cn-p-Itbm
sNp-h - \
- p-amb B ]c-am-flm-hn\v Pew Fp
t]cm-Ip-p.
BImiw: Imir, Zo]vXu 55 F ZmXp-
hn \nmWv BIm-i-i_vZw knn-p--Xv.
bx kcvhXx kcvhw PKZv{]Im-ibXn k
BImix \mep `mK-p-\npw temIs
{]Im-in-n-pw- sImv hnf-p--h-\t{X PK-
Zo-iz-c.
Aw: AZ, `-tW 56 F [mXp-hn
\nmWv A- i _v Z w Dm- I p- - X v . AZy-
tXfn N `qXm\n Xkvam-Zw XZp-Ny-tX 57
Am-Zx Al-a--a-la--a-lw.Al-
m-tZmf-l-a-mtZmfla-mZx 58
Am: Am- N-cmf-N-c-{K-l-WmXv 59
cs kzX{[mXp-hmbpw KWn-p-p.
As\ {K-Im-c, ChnsS "]rY' [mXp-hns\
kzX{ [mXp-hmbn KWnv \ntZinn-cn-p-p.
"]rY' [mXp-hns\ kzX{ {]Ir-Xn-bmbn
AwKo-I-cn-m ]rYp, ]rYhn apX-emb cq]--fn
k{-km-cWw Bh-iy-ambn hcn-I-bn-.
"{Kl' [mXp-hn k{-km-cWhpw l Imc-n\v
` Im-cm-tZ-ihpw hcpn \nn "Kr`' sb
kzX{ [mXp-hmbn (Kcvt`m Krt`x) \ncp-
-Im-c kzoI-cn-np-v. (\n-cpw10.23)
[mXp]mTw10.22 "]rY-, {]-tt]' F [mXphpw
Dv. {]t-]-n\v ]c-p-I-sbY-hp-ap--tm.
"A\nXy WnP-m-p-cmbx' A\p-k-cnv "WnNv' s
A`mh-n ]YXn F cq]-ap-m-Ipp.
\ncpw 1.12, 13 epw {]Y-\-n\v hnkvXm-c-sa-Yw
kzoI-cnn-pv.
54 [mXp]mTw 1.575
55 [mXp]mTw 1.430
56 [mXp]mTw 2.1
57 ssX-cn-tbm-]\ - n-jXv 210
58 ssX-cn-tbm-]\ - n-jXv 210
59 thZm--Zi\w 1.2.9
10
 Hmw kap-mkw
""Am-N-cmf-Nc{Kl-WmXv'' FXp thZ-hym-
k-hn-c-Nn-X-amb imco-c-I-kq-{X-am-Ip-p. GXn
khhpw {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-p-pthm GXv
Fm- h - c mepw {Kln- - s - S p- h m tbmKy-
amtWm GsXmv Ncm-N-c-cq-]-amb temIs
{Kln-p-pthm AXv FY-amb Aw,
AmZx, Am F aqp i_vZ-fpw
Cuiz- c s \ma- - f m- W v . ChnsS aqp
{]mhiyw ]d-n-p--Xv 60 _lp-am-\-n\v
thn-bm-Ip-p. An--g-n P\n-p
Iran-I AXns Pohn-n-cn-p-Ibpw
AXn Xs Poh-\m-is {]m]n-p-Ibpw
sNp--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv temIw apgp-h\pw
Cuiz-c-\n Dev]-n-n-Xn-e-b-sf {]m]n
p--Xv.
hkpx ""hk, \nhmtk'' F *[mXp-hn
\nmWp hkp knn- p- - X v . ""hkn
`qXm\n bkvan; AY-hm, bx kcvthjp
`qtXjp hkXn k hkp-co-izcx'' GXn
BImiw apX-emb kIe `qX--fpw nXn
sNp-pthm As-n bmsXmv kI-e-`q-
X--fnepw IpSn-sIm-p-pthm AXv hkp.
cp{Zx ""cpZnc,v A{ip-hn-tam-N-t\'' 61 F
[mXp-hns "Wn-P'-n \nmWp cp{Z-i-
_vZ-kn-n. ""tbmtcm-Z-bXy\ymb-Im-cntWm
P\m k cp{Zx'' ZpjvIa sNp--hsc
Ic-bn-n-p--h FYap cp{Z F
]Zw Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Wv.
b-\km [ymbXn XZzmNm hZXn bZzmNm
hZXn XXv IcvaWm ItcmXn bXv IcvaWm
ItcmXn XZ-`n-kw-]-Zy-tX 62
bPpthZ {_m-W-n-ep Hcp a{-am-
Wn-Xv. ""Poh a\-p-sImp hnNm-cn-p--
Xns\ hmp-sImp ]d-bp-p. hmp-sImp
]d-bp--Xn-s\-bmWv {]hr-n-sImp sNp-
* [mXp]mTw1-731
60 ssXcob D]-\n-j-n A, AmZ Fp
aqp XhW ]d-n-p--sX-Yw
61 [mXp]mTw 2.60
62 hmP-k-t\b iX-]-Y-n {]mNo-\-Im-ev 15
]mT--fp-m-bn-cp-p. iX-]-Y-nse Cp e`y-amb
]mTw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ""k bYm-Imtam `hXn
XYm-{I-Xpcv`-h-Xn, bYm {InXcv`-hXn XXvIcva-Ip-ctX
XZ`n kw]-ZytX (14.7.26) ImWz iX-]-Y-nepw
CtX ]mT-amWv. CXv Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\-aln-p-p.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
-Xv. {]hr-n-sImp sNp--Xn-s\-s
A\p- ` - h n- p- I bpw sNp- p.'' Pohm- fl mhv
sNpXc-n-ep Ia--\p-k-cnv
^ehpw A\p-`h - n-pp Fp Xmev]c - yw. ]m]-
Ia- sNbvXn-p Pohm-flm-, \ymbm-
[n-]-Xn-bmb Cuiz-cs \n-b-{]-Imcw ZpxJ-
]qW-^-e- A\p-`-hn-p-tm Ic-bp-p.
Zpjvaw sNp Pohm-flm-sf Cuiz-c
Ic-bn-n-p-p-shp ]d-bp-Xv C{]-Im-c-am-
Wv. AXn-\m Ic-bn-n-p-h - FY-ap
cp{Z F t]cv Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Ip-p.
\mcm-bW - : Bt]m \mcm CXn t{]mm
Bt]m ssh \c kq\hx. Xm bZ-ky-mb\w
]qcv h w tX\ \mcm- b Wx kv a rXx.(a- \ p
kvarXn1.10) Pew, Pohm-flm-hv Fo AY-
-fmWv "\mcm'bvp-Xv. Ah BcpsS Ab-
\w \nhm-k - m-\a
- m-bn-cn-p-p-thm, AXn-\m
kh Pohm-flm--fnepw hym]n-n-cn-p ]c-
am-flm-hns \maw \mcm-b-W Fm-Ip-p.
N{: "NZn, Bm-tZ'' 63 F [mXp-hn
\nv N{-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bXn N-
bXn hm k N{x'' kzbw B\--kz-cq-]\pw
Fm-hpw B\w Df-hm-p--h-\p-am-I-
bm N{-s\ t]cv Cuiz-cs ]cymb-am-
Wv.
awK-f:-- ""aKn, KXycvY-I'' 64 F [mXp-
hn awtK- c - e - N v 65 F kq{Xw sImv
tNm- h p Ae- N v {]Xybw tNm
awKex Fp-In-pw. ""tbm aMvKXn aMvKbXn
hm k awKex'' kzbw awK-f-kz-cq-]\pw kI-e-
Po-hn-Ipw awK-f-Zm-Xm-hp-am-I-bm Cuiz-
cs ]cym-b-amWv awKfx
_p[: _p[, Ah-K-at\ 66 F [m-Xp-
hn \np _p[-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""tbm
_p[ytX t_m[-bXn hm k _p[x'' kzbw
t_m[-kz-cq-]\pw kI-e-Po-hn-Ipw m\-
Zm-Xm-hp-am-I-bm Cuiz-c\p _p[ Fp
t]cm-bn. _rl-kv]Xni_vZ-ns AYw 67
app ]d-n-p-v.
63 [mXp]mTw1.56
64 [mXp]mTw1.88
65 [mXp]mTw5.75 (DWmZntImiw)
66 [mXp]mTw1.597
67 t]Pv 7 cmw ]mZw Ah-km-\-`mKw
11
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
ip{I: ""CuipNncv, ]qXo-`mth'' F
[mXp-hn \np ip{I Dm-Ip-p. ""bx
ipNyXn timN-bXn hm k ip{Ix''. AXy--
]-hn-{X AYhm BcpsS kwK-m Poh\pw
]hn-{X-am-Ip-pthm AXv ip{I-\m-Ip-p.
iss\-cx: iss\x F D]-]-Z-tm-Sp-
Iq-Snb ""Nc, KXn-`--W-tbmx'' 68 F [mXp-
hn\np iss\--c-]Zw Dm-Ip-p. "bx
iss\--cXn k iss\cx'' BmtWm
kl-Pa - mb ss[cy-ap-X
- v, Ah FY-ap
iss\-c i_vZw Cuiz-c-\m-a-am-Wv.
cmlp: cl- Xym-tK 69 F [mXp-hn
\np cmlp i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. "tbm clXn
]cn-Xy-PXn ZpjvSm, cml-bXn XymP-bXn
hm k -cm-lp-co-izcx' bmsXm-cp-h GIm--
kz-cq-]-\pw, AYhm asmpw IqSn--e-cm
cq]-tmSp IqSnbh\pw ZpjvSsc kzbw XyPn-
p--h\pw A\y-sc-smp XyPn-n-p--h-
\p-am-b-h FY-n cmlp Cuiz-cs
\ma-am-Wv.
tIXpx ""InX, \nhmtkm tcmK-m]\-b-t\
N'' 70 F [mXp-hn \np tIXp-i_vZw
Dm-Ip-p. ""bx tIX-bXn NnIn-Xn hm
k tIXp-co-izcx'' kakvX-P-K-n\pw Ccn-n-
Sw, apap-p-p tamw \In Ah-cpsS
kmwkm- c nItcmK- - s f- s bmw Cm- X mn
Ahsc kpJ- s - S p- p- - h , tcmK-
_m[n-mh Fo AY--fp tIXp-
i_vZw Cuiz-c-\m-a-am-Wv.
bwx ""bPv, -tZh]qPm-kw-KXoIc-W-
Zm-t\-jp'' 71 F-XmWv b-i-_vZ-ns
[mXp. ""btm ssh hnjvWp'' 72 Fp
{_m-W-h-N\w. tbm bPXn hnZz-Zv`n-cn-PytX
hm k bPvRx temI-nep kIe ]ZmY-
-sfbpw Iqn-tp--h Fpw {_mhp
XpS-n-bp kIe aljn-am-cmepw amap\n
P\--fmepw hnZzm-m-cmepw {XnIm-e--fnepw
]qP-\o-b Fpw AY-ap bw kth-
68 [mXp]mTw1.376 Nc, -`-tW N, NmZv KXuN
Fnh tNv {]tbmKw
69 [mXp]mTw1.486
70 [mXp]mTw1.719
71 [mXp]mTw1.728
72 iX]Yw {_mWw13.1.8.8
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
iz-c-\m-a-am-Ip-p. Fs-m AXv k{X
hym]-I-\m-Wv 73.
tlmXmhv: ""lq Zm\-mfZ\tbmx; BZmt\
tNtXy-tI'' 74 F [mXp-hn\np tlmXm-
i_v Z w Dm- I p- p. ""tbm Pp- t lmXn k
tlmXm'' sImSp-p-hm tbmKy-amb ]ZmY-
sf Pohm- fl m- p sImSp- p- - h
Fpw, kzoI-cn-p-hm sImm-hp hkvXp-
sf Ah-cn \np kzoI-cn-p-h Fpw
AY-ap tlmXmhv Cuiz-cs ]cym-b-]-Z-
am-Wv.
_px _-, _--t\ 75 F [mXp-
hn\nv _p i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bx
kzkvan Ncm-Ncw PKZv _[v\mXn; _p-h-
cvam-fl\mw kpJmb klm-tbm hm hcvXtX
k _px'' ]rYn-hymZn kI-e-tem-I--sfbpw
\nb-a--sf-smv Xn _n-n-cn-p,
ktlm-Z-c-s\-tmse temI-sf cn-p
AXm-Xns ]cn-[n-Isf Dw-Ln-m-\-\p-h-Zn-
m, ktlm-Z-c- At\ym\yw klm-bn-
p--Xp-t]mse temI--sf-sbmw [cnv
cnv kpJs \Ip Cuiz-c\v _p
Fv t]cv kap-Nn-X-am-Wv.
]nXmhv; ""]m ctW'' 76 F [mXp-hn
\np ]nXmhv F ]Zw knn-p--Xm-Wv.
""bx ]mXn-kcvhm k ]nXm'' ]nXmhv kzk-
m-\-fpsS t\sc Zb-tbm-Sp-IqSn s]cp-am-dp-
Ibpw Ah- c psS A`yp- Z - b s Imwn- p-
sImv {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xp-t]mse
kI-e-cp-tSbpw D-a-\s am{Xw Imwn-p-
-h-\m-I-bm ]nXmhv F t]cv PK-Zo-iz-c\v
khYm kap-Nn-X-am-Wv.
]nXm-a-l: ""bx ]nXrWmw ]nXm k
]nXm-alx'' ]nXm--m-cpsS ]nXmhv FY-
ap]nXm-al - k
- w Cuiz-cs t]cm-Ip-p.
{]]n-Xm-a-l:- ""bx ]nXm-a-lm\mw ]nXm
k {]-]n-Xm-alx'' ]nXm-a-l-m-cpsS ]nXmhv
FY-ap {]]n-Xm-a-l-kw Cuiz-cs
t]cm-Wv.
73 CXv iX-]-Y-h-N-\-ns AY-am-Wv.
74 [mXp]mTw3.1
75 [mXp]mTw9.41
76 [mXp]mTw2.49
12
 Hmw kap-mkw
amXmhv: ""tbm anaotX am\-bXn kcvhm-
RvPo-hm k amXm'' ]qW-Ir-]m-bp--bmb
A Fs\ kzk-m-\--fpsS kpJhpw
Dbbpw Imwn-p-pthm Aw Cuiz-
c kIe Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw A`n-hr-nsb kZm
B{K- l n- p- p. AXn- \ m ]c- t a- i z- c \p
amXmhv Fp t]cm-bn.
BNmcy: BMv F D]-kK-tmSp
IqSnb ""Nc KXn `-Wtbmx'' 77 F [mXp-
hn\nv BNm-cy-kw DmIp-p, ""bx
B-Nmcw {Kml-bXn kcvhm hnZym t_m[-bXn
k BNmcy Cuizcx'' kXy-amb BNm-c--
sfbpw kI-e-hn-Zy-I-tfbpw Fm-hpw a\-
n-emn sImSp-p--Xp-sImv Cuiz-c\v
BNm-cy F t]cv tbmPn-p-p.
Kpcp:- ""Kr, i_vtZ'' 78 F [mXp-hn\n-
mWv "Kpcp' knn-p--Xv. tbm [cvaym
i_vZm KrWm-Xyp-]-Zn-iXn k Kpcpx. k (G-
j) ]qcvth-jm-a]n Kpcpx Imte\m\-h-t-
ZmXv. 79 (tbm-K-kq-{Xw) kXy-[as {]Xn-
]m-Zn-p-Xpw kIe hnZy-I-f-S-n-b-Xp-amb
thZ-sf D]-tZ-in--Xn-\m-epw, krjvSn-bpsS
BZn-Im-e-n An, hmbp, BZn-Xy,
AwKn-c-v, {_mhv apX-emb Kpcp--mp
IqSn Kpcp-hm-bn-cp-X
- p-sImpw Hcn-epw \mi-
an-m-bvI-bmepw Cuiz-c\pKpcpFp t]cm-bn.
APx ""AP, KXn-t-]-W-tbmx 80 P\o,
{]mZpcv`m-th'' 81Fo cp [mXp-f - n \nv
APkw Inp--Xm-Wv. ""tbmfPXn kr
jvSnw {]Xn kcvhm {]IrXymZo ]ZmYm
{]n-]Xn, Pm\mXn (hm) IZm-Nn PmbtX
tkmfPx'' {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Ah-b-h--fmb BIm-
im-Zn-`q-X--fpsS ]c-amWpsf bYmXY-ambn
tNv `uXnI ico-c--tfbpw Pohm-flm--
sfbpw kwtbm-Pn-n-v, Pohn-Isf krjvSn-h - ;
AYhm P\-\-an-m-Xv FY-ap AP-
kw Cuiz-cs bp-amb \ma-am-Wv.
77 [mXp]mTw1.376
78 [mXp]mTw9.29
79 EtKz-ZmZn `mjy-`q-an-I-bn (th-Z-]-cy-S-\w) k Gj
]qcvth-jm-sa-mWp ]mTw (k-am-[n-]mZw 26-mw kq{Xw)
k Gj FXv kq{X-ns DYm-\nIm cq]-am-sWv
Nne-cpsS Sn-Wn-I-fn ImWp-p.
80 [mXp]mTw1.139
81 [mXp]mTw4.40
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
{_mhv: ""_rl _rln hrsu'' 82
Fo [mXp- - f n \np {_m- k w
knn-p-p. ""tbmfJnew PKZv\ncvam-tW\
_cvlXn (_rw-l-Xn) hcv-bXn k {_m''
temIs \nn-p-Ibpw hep-Xm-p-Ibpw
sNp--h {_m-hv. AXn-\m Cuiz-c\v
{_m-sh t]cv tbmPn-p-p.
kXyw m\-a-\w {_. CXv ssXn-
co-tbm-]-\n-j-n-ep Hcp hmIy-am-Ip-p. 83
kXyw: ""koXn kx, tXjp kp
km[p XXv k Xyav '' k- b p- Xp kv ;
]ZmYw FYw. Ah-bnhv DXvIr-jvS-am-
bn-p-Xv; bYmY-amb k-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb
Cuiz-c ""kXy''amWv
m\w: ""bm\mXn Ncmf-Ncw PK
vRm\av'' Ncm-Nc PK-ns {]hr-n-Isf
apgp-h\pw Adn-bp-h- FY-am-bX - p-sImv
m\-i_vZw Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Wv.
A\w: ""\ hnZy-tXf-tmf-h-[ncva-cymZm
bky XZ\w'' AXncp \nW-bn-p-hm
km[n-p-I-bn-m--Xv. \ofw, hoXn, hw apX-
emb ]cn-am-W- Cuiz-c\v kw`-hn-m--
Xp-sImv A\--kw Cuiz-cs t]cm-
Ip-p.
{_w: ""kcvtht`ym _rl-zmZv {_''
_rl-m-b-h-bn _rl-m-I-bm {_w
Fp t]cm-bn.
A\mZn: BMv F D]-kK-tm-Sp-Iq-
Snb "UpZm-Rv, Zm-t\' 84 F [mXp-hn \np
BZn-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. BZn-i_ - vZ
- n \Rv
{]Xybw tNp-tm A\mZn F cq]w
Inp-p. ""bkvamXv ]qcvhw \mkvXn ]cw
NmkvXn k BZn-cn-Xyp-Ny-tX. \ hnZytX
BZnx ImcWw bky tkmf\m-Zn-co-izcx'' BZn
i_vZ-n-\v, apv Cm-Xv FY-am-Wv.
kzw kp Imc-W-ambn asmcp hkvXp-
hn-m-Xv A\m-Zn--Im-c-W-c-ln-X Fv
AYw.
B\-: BMv F D]-kcvK-tm-Sp-Iq-
Snb "Sp\Zn, kar-u'' 85 F [mXp-hn
82 [mXp]mTw1.488
83 {_m-\--hn 1
84 [mXp]mTw3.9
85 [mXp]mTw1.55
13
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
\np B\--i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""B\-n
kcvth apm bkvan. bZzm bx kcvhm
Pohm-\m-\--bXn k B\-x.'' kIe Pohm-
flm-fpw B\-s A\p-`-hn-p B\--
kz-cq-] AYhm [a-\n-jvTb - p kIe Pohm-
flm-s - fbpw B\-n-n-p-h - FY-ap
B\- Cuiz-cs \ma-am-Wv.
kXv:""Ak, `phn'' 86 F [mXp-hn
\np kXv F kw Dm-hp-p. bZkvXn
{Xnjp Imtejp \ _m[ytX XXvkZv {_
`qX h-am-\- `mhn Im-e--fn Hcpt]mse
\mi-an-msX hn-p-Xv Fv AY-ap--
kXv kw Cuiz-cs t]-cm-Wv.
NnXv: ""NnXo, kwm-t\'' 87 F [mXp-
hn\nv ""NnXv'' i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bivtN-
XXn tNX- b Xn kwm- ] - b Xn khm
k-\m tbmKn-\-kvX-nXv ]cw {_.''
tNX-\-kz-cq-]\pw kI-e-Po-hn-Ipw ssNX-
\yhpw Fm-hpw kXym-k-Xy-t_m-[hpw
\Ip--h FY-n "NnXv' Cuiz-c-\m-
a-am-Wv.
kXv, NnXv, B\- Fo aqpw hnti-j-
W-f - m-bX
- p-sImv kth-iz-cs\ kn-Zm-\
kzcq-] Fp-]-d-bp-p.
\nXy:""tbm \nXy- { [p- t hm-fNtemf- h n-
\mio k \nXyx'' \n-e\pw \mi-an-m--h-
\p-am-I-bm \nXy FXv Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-
Wv.
ip: ""ip, ipu'' 88 F [mXp-
hmWv kwbpsS aqew. ""bx ipXn
kcvhm tim[-bXn hm k ip Cuizcx''
bmsXmcp Aip-nbpw Xom kzbw AXy-
-]-hn-{X-\m-b, ap--h-sc-sbmw ]cn-ip--m-
cm-p Cuiz-c\v "ip' F \maw A\p-
tbm-Py-amWv.
_p: ""_p[, Ah-K-a-t\'' 89 F
[mXp-hn "'{]-Xybw tNm _p
kw e`n-pw. ""tbm _p-hm k-ssZh
mXmfkvXn k _ptm PK-Zo-izcx'' Fm-
bvtmgpw Fm-n-s\-bpw Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-
86 [mXp]mTw1.58
87 [mXp]mTw1.32
88 [mXp]mTw1.60
89 [mXp]mTw1.597
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
pp _p. AXp-sImv _p FXv
PK-Zo-iz-cs t]cm-Wv.
ap: ""apNver, tamN-t\'' 90 F [mXp-
hn \np ap-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""tbm
apXn tamN-bXn hm apap-q k aptm
PK-Zo-izcx'' Fm Aip-n-I-fn \npw AI-
-h\pw apap-p-sf {]m]-n-I - f- mb ti-
-fn\nv AI-p--h-\pw, F AY-n
ap kw Cuiz-c-t-Xm-Wv.
\nXy-\pw, ip-\pw, _p-\pw, ap-\p-am-
b-Xp-sImv PK-Zo-iz-c \nXy-ip-_ - pap-
kz-`mhn Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
\ncm-Im-c: \ncv, BMv F cp-]k - K-
-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb "'UpIrRv, Ic-tW'' 91 F
[mXp \ncm- I m- c - k w- - b psS aqe- a m- W v .
""\nKX BIm-cmXv k \ncm-Imcx'' BIm-c-
sam-pta Cm-h - \ncm-Im-c Cuiz-c.
\nc-RvP-\: \ncv F D]-kK-tm-Sp-
Iq- S nb ""ARv P q hynwe- - W - I mn
KXnjp'' F [mXp-hn \np \nc-RvP\
i_vZw Dm-Ip-p.""ARvP\w hynwcve
Ww IpIma C{nssbx {]m]vXn-tXy
kvamZv tbm \ncvKXx ]rY-Kv`qXx k \nc-
RvP\x'' hyn AXm-bXv BIr-Xn--t-m-Nm-
cw, Zpjv S - a mb B{K- l - , C{n- b - h n-
jbkmcw Fn-h-sbm-p-an-m--h-\m-I-
bm Cuiz-cs\ \nc-RvP-\ Fp ]dbp-
p.
KtW-i, KW-]Xn: ""KW, kwJym-t\'' 92
F [mXp-hn \np KW i_vZw Dm-Ip-
p. KW-i-_vZ-n Cuix ]Xnx Fn-hsb
Iqn-tm KtW-ix, KW-]Xnx Fo
cp-\m-a- Dm-Ipw. ""tb {]Ir-Xym-Ztbm
PUm- Po- h m KWyt kwJym- b t
tXjm-aoix kzmao ]Xnx ]metIm hm'' {]Ir-
Xym-Zn-I-fmb PU-]-ZmY--fp-sSbpw kIe
Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw bP-am-\\pw ]me-I-\p-am-b-Xn-
\m Cuiz-c\v KtW-i, KW-]Xn Fo-t]-
-cpI hp.
hntiz-iz-c: ""tbm hniztamjvtS k
hntiz-izcx'' kI-e-P-K-n-sbpw A[n-jvTm-
90 [mXp]mTw6.139
91 [mXp]mTw8.10
92 [mXp]mTw10.281
14
 Hmw kap-mkw
Xm-hm-I-bm Cuiz-cs t]cv hntiz-iz-c
Fm-bn.
IqS-: ""bx IqtSfAt\-I-hn-[-hy--h-
lmtc kzkzcq- t ]- s sW- h - Xn- j v T Xn k
IqSx ]c-ta-izcx'' kIe hyh-lm-c - f- nepw
hym]nv Ah-bpsS B[m-c-`q-X-\m-bn-cn-nepw
kzw kzcq-]-n\v bmsXmcp amhpw hcmsX
hn-p--Xn-\m B AY-ap IqS-
F ]Zw Cuiz-cs ]cym-b-\maam-bn.
tZhn: tZh F ]Z-n-\p AY--
sfmw tZhn-bvp-ap-v. Cuiz-cs \ma-
aqp enwK--fn-ep-ap-v. {_ F \maw \-
]pw-k-I-enw-Khpw,- NnXnx F \maw kv{Xoenw-
K-hpw, Cuiz-c F \maw ]pnw-K-hp-am-W-
tm. Cuiz-c-i-_vZ -- ns hnti-j-W-ambn hcp-
tm tZh Fpw NnXn-i-_vZ-ns hnti-
j-W-am-Ip-tm tZhn Fpw {]tbm-Kn-p-p-
sh-p-am-{Xw. AXn-\m tZho-kw Cuiz-
cs t]cm-Wv.
inx ""iIver, iu'' 93 F [mXp-
hn \np "in' Dm-Ip-p. ""bx kcvhw
PKXv IcvXpw iIvt\mXn k inx'' temIw
apgp-h-\pw krjvSn-p-hm kmaYy-ap--Xt{X
in. B inbp-Xn-\m Cuiz-c\v in-
sbp t]cm-bn.
{iox ""{inRv, tkhm-bmav'' 94 F [mXp-
hn \nmWv {iobpsS DXv]-n. ""bx {io-
btX tkhytX kthW PKXm hnZzZv`n-
tcym-Kn-`n k {ioco-izcx'' kIe P\-fpw
hnZzm- mcpw tbmKn- I fpw tkhn- p- - h
FY-ap {io i_vZw Cuiz-cm-`n-[m-\-am-Ip-
p.
evaox ""e, Zcvi\ - t- bmx'' 95 F
- m-\
[mXp-hn \nv evao-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p.
""tbm e-bXn ]iy-Xn AtX Nn-bXn
Ncm-fNcw PK-Xv, AYhm thssZ-cm-]vssX-tcym-
Kn-`nivN tbm eytX k evaox kcvh-
{]n-tb-izcx''. Ncm-Nc- P
- K -
- ns\ Ip sImn
cn-p--h, AYhm B PK-ns\ Zriy-am-
p-h - AXm-bX - v, a\p-jy-ic - o-c
- n Iv,
aqv apX-em-b mt\-{n-btfbpw, _mly-
93 [mXp]mTw5.16
94 [mXp]mTw1.638
95 [mXp]mTw10.5
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
{]-Ir-Xn-bn Ce-I, ]q, ImbvI-\n-I,
Ing-p-I, XpS-nb ]ZmY--tf-bpw, ]rYn-
hn, Pew, Fo `qX--fn Idppw Nphpw
shfp-p-ap-ff Iv, av apX-emb hkvXp--
tf-bpw. BIm-i-n kqcy-N-{mZn {Kl--
tfbpw \nnv `ph-\-s ImW-h-
am-p--h. As-n thZmZn imkv{X--
fn {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-I-bpw, tbmKn-I-fpsS ey-
am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--h Fn-s\ ]e
s]mcp-fp-a-S-nb "evan' Cuizc-kw--bm-
Wv.
kc-kz-Xnx ""kr, KXu'' 96 F [mXp-hn
\nv kckv i_vZ-ap-m-Ip-p. kckv F
i_vZ - n "aXp]v' "Mo]v' Fo {]Xy-b -
Iqn- t m kc- k zXoi_v Z w Inpw.
""ktcm hnhn[ m\w hnZytX bkymw
NnXu 97 km kc-kzXo'' i_vZmY--fpsS
kw_w {]tbmKw apX-emb hnhn[ hnj-
bfpsS bYm-X-Y-amb m\-tmSp IqSn-
b-sX-Y-am-Wv kc-kz-Xo-p-Xv. AXn-\m
Cuiz-c\v kc-kzXo Fp t]cp-v.
kcvh-i-n-amx ""kcvhmx- i-tbm
hnZyt bkvan k kcvh-i-n-am-\o-izcx''
Xs I-hy-\nh-l-W-n\v asm-cp-hs
klm-b-an-n-msX Fm Imcyfpw kzkm-
aYyw sImp-Xs \S-p--h-\m-I-bm
Cuiz-c\v kcvh-i-n-am Fp t]cm-bn.
\ymb-Imcn;- ""WnRv {]m]-tW'' 98 F
[mXp- h n \nv \ymbiv _ w Dm- I p- p.
""{]am-ssW-ccvY-]-co-Ww \ymbx'' Fp
hmym-b\ aljn Xs \ymb kq{X-`m-jy-
n ]d-n-pv. ]-]mXcmln-Xym-N-
cWw \ymbx {]Xy-w. A\p-am\w apX-em-b
{]am-W--sf-smv ]co-nv kXys
bYm-hXv Adn-bp-Ibpw ]-]m-X-c-ln-X-ambn
[aw BN-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn-s\-bmWv
\ymbw Fp ]d-bp-X - v. ""\ymbw IcvXpw ioe-
aky k \ymb- I m- c o- i zcx'' 99 ]- ] mXw
96 [mXp]mTw1.669
97 NnXn-i-m-ho-izcm FYw
98 [mXp]mTw1.642
99 \ymb-`m-jy-Im-c IuSn-ey Fp IqSn-t]-cp
NmW-Iy-\m-sWpw hmXvkym-b\ - FXp tKm{X-
\m-a-amsWpw sFXn-lm-knI aX-apv.
15
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
IqSmsX [aw \Sp kz`mhap-Xn-\m
Cuiz-cs\ \ymb-Imcn Fp ]d-bp-p.
Zbm-epx ""Zb, Zm\-K-Xn-c--W-lnw-km-
Zm-t\-jp'' 100 F [mXp-hn \nv Zb knn-
p-p. ""ZbtX ZZmXn Pm\mXn KXn cXn
ln\kv X n bbm km Zbm. _lzo Zbm
hnZytX bky k Zbmepx ]c-ta-izc''. `b-ap-
-hv A`bw \Ip-, kXym-k-Xy--fpw,
kh-hn-Zy-Ifpw Adn-bp-, \-hsc cn-p-
, ZpjvS - msc Al-ambn inn-p Cuiz-
cs\ Zbmep Fp ]d-bp-p.
AssZz-Xwx ""Zztbmcv`mthm Zzm`ymanXw
k ZznXm 101 AYhm ZzoXw hm sskh XtZh
hm ssZzXw. \ hnZysX ssZzXw ZznXo-tb-iz-
c-`-mthm bkvanXZ-ssZzXw; AcvYmXv kPm-
Xo- b - h n- P m- X obkzK- X - t `- Z - i q\yw {_''
cns `mhw ssZzXw. ssZzX- a - n m- Xv
AssZz-Xw. kPm-Xo-bw, hnPm-Xo-bw, kzKXw
Fp {Xnhn[ t`Z-ap-v. B t`Z- Cm-
Xv AssZzXw Fp hnh-. cp a\p-
jyp Xn-ep t`Zw kPm-Xob t`Z-am-
Ipp. a\p-jy-Xz-sa Htc PmXn-bn-ep cp
]ZmY- Xn-ep hyXym-k-am-W-Xv. a\p-
jy-\pw, hrw, ine apX-em-b-h-Ipw Xn-
ep t`Zw hnPm-Xob t`Z-am-Wv. Htc ico-c-
n-ep Iv, sNhn, aqv, sNhn apX-emb
Ah-b-h- Xn-ep t`Z-s-bmWv kzK-
X-t`Zw Fp ]dbp-Xv. Cuiz-cs kPm-Xo-
bt\m hnPm-Xo-bt\m Bb asmcp Cuiz-c
C. Cuiz-cs kzmflm-hn Xs kzK-X-t`-
Z-ap--Xpw, Xzm--c-ap--Xp-am-b-sXm-p-an-m-
bvI-bm Cuiz-cs\ "AssZzXw' Fp hnfn-
p-p.
\nKp-W: ""KpWyt tb tX KpWm
hm ssbcv K pW- b n tX KpWmx; tbm
KptWt`ym \ncvKXx k \ncvKpW Cuizcx''
kzw, cP-kv, Xakv Fn-hbpw cq]w, ckw,
Kw, kv]iw CXym-Zn-Ifpw PU-]-ZmY--
fpsS KpW--fm-Ip-p. A-X, Aev]--
100 [mXp]mTw1.322
101 ZznXm F-Xns apJymYw t`Z-sa-m-Wv.
{K-Imhpw D-c-hm-Iy-n Cu AYw
kzoI-cn-n-cn-p-p. Hn-tesd A\mZn Xz-sf
kzoI-cn-p Zi-\ - s
- fmw
ssZzX-Zi-\ - f- m-W.v
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
X, cmK-tZz-j - , Ahn-ZymZn Ivtfi- Pohm-
flm-hns KpW-f - m-Ip-p. Cu cp-hn[ KpW-
- f n- m- - h - \ mWv Cuiz- c . ""Ai- _ v Z - a -
kv]cvi-a-cq-]-a-hy-bav'' 102 Fp XpS-nb D]-
\n-j-Zz-N-\--fmWv AXn\p {]am-Ww. AXn-
\m Cuiz-c\v \nKp-W-s\ A`n-[m\w
tNcp-p.
kKp-W: ''tbm KpssWx kl hcvtX
k kKpWx'' kh--X, B\--a-b-X, ]cn
ip-X, A]-cn-ta-b-_-ew, apX-emb KpW--
tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-I-bm Cuiz-c kKp-W
BIp-p.
]rYn-hnbvp KmZn KpW- D-Xp-
sImv AXp kKp-W-bmWv; Cm-Zn-Kp-W-
Cm- - X p- s Imv AXp \nKp- W - b p- a mWv
AXp-t]mse Xs PU-amb PK-nepw tNX-
\-amb Pohm-flm-hnepw ImW-s-Sp KpW--
sfmpw X\nv Cm--Xp-sImv PK-Zo-iz-
c \nKp-W\pw kh-X apX-emb KpW-
-fp--Xp-sImv kKp-W\pw BIp-p. kKp-
W-Xzhpw \nKp-W-Xzhpw CS-I-e-X-m
bmsXmcp hkvXphpw temI-n C. tNX-
\-Kp-W--fn-m--Xp-sImv PU-]-ZmY-
\nKp-W--fm-sWpw AtN-X-\-Kp-W--fp--
Xp-sImv kKp-W--fm-sWpw ]d-bmw. AXp-
t]mse Xs PU-]-ZmY--fpsS KpW-
Cm--Xp-sImv Pohm-flm- \nKp-W--
fm-Ip-p. Cm-Zn-I-fmb tNX-\-Kp-W--fp--Xn-
\m kKp-W-fm-sWpw ]d-bmw. Cuiz-c-
\nepw kKp-WXz \nKp-W-Xz- Iq-Sn-tn
cnp-Xpw C--am-sW--dn-b-Ww.
A-cym-an ""A-cypw \nbpw ioew
bky tkmfb-a--cymao'' temI--n-ep tNX-
\m-tN-X\ ]ZmY--fpsS A`m-K-n
Ccpv Fm-n-s\bpw \nb-{np \S-p--
Xp-sImv Cuiz-c\v A-cyman Fp t]cm-
bn.
[a-cm-P "tbm [cvta cmPtX k [cva-
cmPx' [a-n am{Xw {]Im-in-p-I-bpw
[as am{Xw {]Im-in-n-p-Ibpw sNp
Cuiz-cs\ [a-cm-P-s\p hnfn-p-p.
ba- "bap, D]-c-ta' 103 F [mXp-hn
102 ItTm-]-\n-jXv3.15
103 [mXp]mTw1.710
16
 Hmw kap-mkw
\nv ba-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bx kcvhm
{]mWnt\m \nb-Xn k bax'' kIe {]mWn-
Ipw Ia-^ew hyh--sN-p-Xv ba.
kI-e-hn-[-n-ep A\ym-b--fn \npw
AI-n-cn-p--h Fpw ba\v AY-ap-v.
A-s\-bp Cuiz-c ba-\m-Ip-p.
`K-hm ""`P-, tk-hmbmav'' 104 F [mXp-
hn \nv `K-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. AXn
aXp]v {]Xybw tNm `K-hm F
i_vZw Inpw. ""`Kx kIsseizcyw tkh\w
hm hnZytX bky k `K-hm''. kIe sFiz-
cy--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw `Pn-p-hm tbmKy-
\pamb Cuiz-c\p `K-hm Fp t]cm-bn.
a\px ""a\, mt\'' 105F [mXp-hn
\nv a\p-kw Dm-Ip-p. ""tbm a\ytX
k a\px'' hnm-\-io-e As-n am\n-
bvt--h FYw. Cuiz-c\v Cu tbmKy-
X-I-fp--Xn-\m a\p Fp t]cp hp.
]pcp-j: "]r, ]me-\-]q-c-W-tbmx' 106
F [mXp-hn \nmWv ]pcp-j-i-_vZ-kn-n.
""bx kz hym]vXym Ncmf-Ncw PKXv ]rWmXn
]qc-b-Xn hm k ]pcpjx'' 107 temI-n-semw
\nd-n-cn-p--h-\m-I-bm Cuiz-c\v ]pcp-
j Fp t].
hnizw-`-c hniz-]qh-I-amb ""Up`rRv,
[mcWt]mjW-tbmx'' 108 F [mXp-hn
\nv hnizw-`c i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""tbm
hnizw _n`cvXn [cXn ]pjvWmXn hm k
hnizw-`tcm PK-Zo-izcx'' PK-ns\ [cn-p-
Ibpw t]mjn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv FY-
ap hnizw-`-c- i_vZw Cuiz-cs t]cm-Wv.
Ime ""Ie-, KXu kw-Jym-t\ N'' 109 F
[mXp-hn \nv Ime-kw Dm-Ip-p.""Ie-
bXn kwJymXn kcv h m ]Zmcv Y m k
Imex'' temI-n-ep kIe PU-]-ZmY--
tfbpw Pohm-flm--tfbpw Fn IW-m-p-
104 [mXp]mTw1.724
105 [mXp]mTw4.65
106 [mXp]mTw9.18
107 ]qc-b-Xy--cn-Xy--c-]p-cp-j-a-`n-t{]Xy-\n-cpw 2.3
tXt\Z ]qcvWw ]pcp-tjW kcvhav.....
(ssXcob BcWyIw 10.10)
108 [mXp]mTw3.5
109 [mXp]mTw10.290
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
-h FY-n Cuiz-cs ]cym-b-amWv
Ime.
tijx ""injver, hnti-j-tW'' 110 F
[mXp-hn \nv tij-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bx
injytX k tijx'' Dev]-n-bnepw {]f-b-
nepw tijn-p--h Ah _m[n-m--
Xv FY-ap tij Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Wv.
B]vXx ""B]ver, hym]vXu'' 111 F [mXp-
hn \nv B]vX-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bx
kcvhm [cvam-fl\ B]vt\mXn hm kcvssh
[cvam-fl-`n-cm-]ytX OemZn clnXx k B]v
Xx'' kIe hnZym- b p- \pw ktXym- ] - t Z-
jvSmhpw [am-flm--fm {]m]y-\pw, Ah-cn
hnf-p--h\pw Im]-Sy-an-m--h-\p-am-b-h
FY-ap "B]vX' Cuiz-cs \maamWv.
iwI-cx iw F D]-]-Z-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb
UpIrRv Ic-tW 112 F [mXp-hn \nv
\np i- c- i _v Z w Dm- I p- p. ""bx iw
IeymWw kpJw ItcmXn k icx'' awKfw
AYhm kpJw Df-hm-p--h FY-n
i-c-kw Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Wv.
alm-tZ-h: tZh-i-_vZ-n alXv Fp-
IqSn tNm alm-tZ-h F \maw Dm-
Ip-p. ""tbm alXmw tZhx k alm-tZhx'' 113
tZh-m-cpsS tZh AXm-b-Xv, hnZzm-m-cn
hnZzm\pw kqcymZn ]ZmY-sfqSn {]Im-in-
n-p--h-s\-Yw.
{]nbx:""{]oR,v Xcv]tW Imsu N'' 114
110 [mXp]mTw7.14
111 [mXp]mTw5.15
112 [mXp]mTw8. 10
113 CXv kam-k-ns hn{K-l-a-. AY-\nt-Zi-am-Wv.
kamkw kam-\m-[n-I-cW XXv]p-cp-j Xs.
kmam-knI hn{K-l-m `n ]Z--fpsS AY-
\ntZiw sNp-Xv {]mNo-\] - c
- n-]m-Sn-bm-Wv.
alm-`mjyw 1. 11 mw Blv\n-I-n ""[cva-\n-bax''
F-Xn\v [cvamb \nbax Fpw ""hrn-k-a-hmbx''
F-Xns\ hrtb ka-hmbx Fpw AYw
]d-n-cn-p-p. imkv{Xo-b-ambn ""hnIrXn
hmNI NXpcvYy kp_--n\v {]IrXn hmNI
kp_--tmSp am{Xta kamkw hbvq.
AjvSm-[ym-bn-bnse NXpYo XZYm... (2.1.35)
F kq{Xw t\mp-I. IqSm-sX, jjvTo
XXv]p-cp-j\
- mb alm-Lm-k,alm-Ic - ,apX-embhbn
""al-ZmtXz Lmk-Ic hnin-jvtS-jq-]k - w-Jym\w
]pw hZz-N\w Nmk-am-\m-[n-Ic-Wav'' F hmn-I-
m BXzw hcpw-hw F-dn-bpI
114 [mXp]mTw9.2
17
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
F [mXp-hn \nv {]nb i_vZw Dm-Ip-
p. ""bx ]rWmXn {]obtX hm k {]nbx''
[am-flm-fpw apap-p-fpw injvS-m-cp-am-b-
hsc ktmjn-n-p--h As-nGhcpw
{]m]n-bvp-hm B{K-ln-p-Xv FY-
ap {]nb-i_vZw Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Wv.
kzbw`qx: "kzbw' ]qh- I - a mb ""`q,
kmbmw'' 115 F [mXp-hn \nv kzbw`q
i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bx kzbw `hXn k
kzbw`qco-izcx'' kzb-tah DXv asm-n
\nv Dm-Im-Xv FY-n kzbw`q
Cuiz-c-hm-Nn-bm-Wv.
Ihnx "Ip, i-_vtZ' 116 F [mXp-hn
\nv Ihn-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""bx IuXn
i_vZ-bXn kcvh-hnZymx k Ihn-co-izcx'' kI-
e-hn-Zy-It- fbpw Adn-bp-Ibpw Ahsb A\yp
thZ- aptJ\ D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw sNp
Cuiz-cs Hcp \ma-amWv Ihn.
inhx (_lp-et- a-X - w 117 F [mXp-]mT-
- n-Zcvi\
{]- I mcw DWm- Z n- t Im- i - nse kcv h \nLr- j z-
cnjzejzinh]Svh{]tlzjz AXt{ F kq{X-{]-
Imcw "inhp, Ieym-tW'') ]cn-`m-j-I 118
inhx ""inhp Ieym-tW'' 117 F [mXp-
hn \nv inh-i_vZw Dm-Ip-p. ""_lp-e-
ta-X-n-Zcvi-\w'' 118 F hN-\-{]-Imcw inhp
[mXp A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. kzbw awKf kzcq-
]nbpw A\yv awK-f-{]-Z-\p-am-I-bm Cuiz-
cs t]cmWv inh.
Cuiz- c s \qdp 119 \ma- ChnsS
hymJym-\n-p. CXp-Iq-SmsX thsdbpw Akw
Jyw \ma Cuiz-c-\p-v. kth-iz-cs
115 [mXp]mTw1.1
116 [mXp]mTw2.35
117 DWmZn 1.153 ioMvitb [mXp-hn h\v {]Xy-bmw
\n]m-Xn-Xa- m-Wv.
118 CXv [mXp-]mTw 10.366-mw kq{X-am-Wv.
[mXp-]m-T-n [mXp--fpsS \nZi-\-amWv
{]mtb-Wb - p-X - v. hrn-Im-c
- m Cu kq{Xw
hymJym-\n-th [mXp-]m-T-n-en-m hnhn[ [mXp-
-fpsS DZm-lc - Ww \In-bn-p-v.
Cu kq{X-a-\p-k-cnv {K-Im-hv, inh
- kw--bpsS AYs ey-amn [mXp-I-ev]\
sNbvXn-cn-p-Ib - m-Wv.
119 Bh\w sNbvX \ma hymJym-\--sfm-gnsI
BsI 104 \ma--fpsS hymJym-\-amWv Cu
Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS hymJym\w
KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-v F-an-. AXn-\m
At-l-ns \ma-pw F-an-. Hmtcm
tcm KpW-tbpw Iatbpw kz`m-h-t
bpw Ipdn-p-hm Hmtcmtcm t]cp-If - p-v. Rm
ChnsS Fgp- X nb \ma kap- { Z- n\p
apn Xpn-sb--hw Xp-am-Ip-p. thZm-
Zn-im-kv{X-f - n Cuiz-cs F-a KpW-Icva-
kz-`m-h-sf hymJym-\n-n-p-v. thZm-Zn-im-
kv { X- ]Tn- p- I bpw ]Tn- n- p- I bpw
sNbvXm am{Xta B \ma-sf Adn-bp-hm
Ign-bq. thZm-Zn-im-kv{X-sf A[y-b\w sNp-
-hp am{Xta ap ]ZmY--fpsS m
\hpw ]qW-ambn Dm-hp-I-bp-q.
tNmZyw ap {K-Im-c-m-sc-m-hcpw
{K-ns BZn-bnepw a[y-nepw Ah-km-
\-nepw awKf {]mY\ sNm-dp--tm.
AXp-t]mse Av {]mYn-p-Itbm awK-f-
tmIw Fgp-Xp-Itbm sNm--sX-p-sIm-
mWv?
Dcw Ans\ sNp-Xv \apv DNn-
X-a-. {K-ns BZn-a-[ym-h-km\fn
awKfw BN-cn-m CS-bn-ep `mKw apgp-h\pw
Aaw-Kf - a- m-sWp ]d-tbp hcpw. AXn-\m
awK-em-N-cWw injvSm-Nm-cmXv ^e-Zcvi-\mNv-
{Op-XnXt-Xn. 120. F kmwJy-im-kv{X-h-
N-\-{]-Imcw \ymb-hpw, ]-]m-X-c-ln-X-hpw,
thZ-{]-Xn-]m-Zn-X-hp-amb Cuiz-cm-sb Fm-
bvt]mgpw Fm-bn-Spw bYm-\p-krXw BN-
cn-p-X - p-Xs- -bmWv icn-bmb awK-fm-Nc - W
- w.
{K-ns Bcw`w apX Ah-km\w hsc
sNp kXym-N-c-W-amWv icn-bmb awK-fm-
N-c-Ww. Hcn-Sp awK-fhpw asmcn-Sv Aaw-
K-fhpw Fgp-Xp-X -
- . alm-ib
- m-cmb aljn-
am-cpsS hmp-I tImepwx
bm\y-\-h-Zym\n Icvam-Wn, Xm\n tkhn-X-
hym\n; t\m CX-cm-Wn 121 CXp ssXn-co-
tbm-]-\n-j-nep hN-\-am-Ip-p. {]nb-k--
Xn-Itf! A\-hZ- y-f - mb AY-hm, \nn-s - -
kap-m-k-n-ep--Xv. ]c-kv]c kw_--amb
kXv Nn-Xv- B-\-w apX-em-b-hsb
GIo-I-cn-m kwJy \qdnepw Ipd-bpw.
AXn-\m ChnsS \qsd kwJy
D]-e
- W- mYamsW-d - n-bW
- w.
120 kmwJy-Zi\w 5.1
121 ssXn-co-tbm-]-\n-jXv 1.11
18
 Hmw kap-mkw kXymY-{]-Im-iw
S---X-m-Xpw [a-bp--hp-amb Ia p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ]ucm-Wn-I-m-cp-sSbpw
fmWv \n kZm A\p-jvTn-t--Xv. Xm{n-I-m-cp-sSbpw anYym-I-ev]\Ifn\nv
A[a--f-. AXn-\m B[p-\nIfmb A`y-kn-n-p--Xm-Wv. thZm-Zn-imkv{Xfn
{Kfn ""{ioK-tW-imb \ax'' ""koXm-cm- lcn Fpw apw Hcn- S pw Bcw- ` - n
am`ymw \ax'' cm[m-Ir-jvWm`ymw \ax {ioKp-cp-N-c- {]tbm-Kn-n-n-. AXn-\m {Km-cw-`-n
Wm-c-hn-m`ymw \ax'' l\p-atX \ax ZpcvKmssb HmwIm-ctamAYtbm BWv Fgp-tX--Xv.
\ax _Sp-Imb \ax ss`c-hmb \ax inhmb \ax Cuiz-cs\ hnj-b-amn C{X-am{Xw Npcpn
kc-kzssXy \ax \mcm-b-Wmb \ax Fsmw ]d-p. XpSv "inWw' F hnj-bs - -
Fgp-Xn-m-Wp-Xv thZ-imkv{Xv hncp- n ]d-bmw.
-am-b-Xp-sImv anYy-bm-sW-mWp _pn-am-
m hnNm-cn-p--Xv. thZfnepw Bj- {ioa--bm-\ kc-kzXn kzman-I-fm
{Kfnepw Cu amXn-cn-bp awK-fm-N-cWw hnc-Nn-Xa- m-b kXymY-{]-Im-i - n
Hcn-Spw ImWp-n-. Bj-{Ksfmw Cuiz-c\ - m-a{- ]-Xn-]m-ZI
- a
- mb
HmwImcw AY Fo ]Zfpam-bmWv Bcw- {]Y-tam-mkw Ign-p.
`n-p--Xv. t\mpI: ""AY i_vZm-\p-im-
k\av'' AtY-Xybw i_vtZm-[n-Im-cmcvY {]bp-
Py-tX. (CXp hymI-c-W-a-lm-`m-jym-cw-`-am-Ip- kXymY{]Im-i - n
p.) ""AYm-tXm- [cva-Pn-mkm''. AtY-Xym-
\-tcy thZm-[y-b-\m-\--c-av. (CXp ]qh-ao- hWn-n-cn-p
amwkm hN-\-am-Ip-p.) ""AYmtXm [cvaw 108 Cuiz-c-\m-a--fpsS ]nI
hymJym-kymax'' AtYXn [cvaIY-\m-\-cw
[cv a - e - Ww hnti- j W hymJym- k ymax (A-Im-cmZn {Ia-n)
(CXp sshti-jnI Zi-\m-cw`-am-Ip-p) ""AY \qsp \ma hymJym-\ - f
- m-Wp-X - v. Fm ]c-am-flm,
tbmKm-\p-im-k\av'' AtY-Xy-b-a-[n-Im-cmcvYx Bfl kw_-n-X-hpw, ]c-ta-iz-c Cuizc kw_-n-
(CXp tbmK-im-kv{Xm-cw-`-am-Ip-p) "AY {Xn Xhpw ]nXm-a-l, {]]n-Xm-a-l ]nXm-kw-_-n-Xhpw
hn[ ZpxJm-Xy--\n-hr-n-c-Xy--]p-cp-jmcvYx' kn-Zm-\- ka-kvX-cq-]hpw tZhn tZhs kv{Xoen-
kmwkm-cnIhnj-bt- `m-Km-\ - cw {Xnhn-[Z- px-Jm- MvKhpw {_mhv {_-ns ]pnw-K-hp-am-Wv. Ch
Xy \nhr-XycvYx {]bXv\x Icvhyx (CXp Ggpw Hmw Hgn-hm-n-bm \qdp \ma-f - m-Wp-X
- .v Hmans
kmwJy-im-kv{ Xm-c w-`-am-Ip- p.) ""AYmtXm hymJym-\a- m-Wtm as-mw.
{_-Pn-mkm'' (CXv Hmw thZm--kq-{X- 1 Ac = cw-\miw Cm-Xv.
am-Ip-p) ""Hman-tXy-X-Z-c apZvKo-Y-ap-]m- 2 An = KXn-bn \bn-p--h
koX'' (CXv OmtmKy D]-\n-j-nse Bcw- 3 AP = P\n-m-Xv.
`-hm-Iy-am-Ip-p.) ""Hman-tXy-XZ-
- c
- a
- nZw kcvhw 4 Am = Ncm-N-c-P-K-n-b-m-hv.
Xtkym] hymJym\w'' (CXv amWvUqIy D]- 5 AssZzXw = {Xnhn[ t`Zc-ln-Xamb-Xv.
\n-j-nse {]mcw-`-hm-Iy-am-Ip-p.) 6 A\w = ]cn-am-W-c-ln-Xamb-Xv.
Ejn-ap-\n-am cNn-n-p ap {Kfpw 7 A\mZn = ImcWcln-X
Bcw-`n-p-Xv Hmw Ftm AY Fsm 8 A-cyman = An-X.
BWv. 122 \mep thZfpsS Bcw-`-nepw 9 Aw = `-W-in- \Ip-Xv.
CXp-t]mse Xs. ""Anx, CSv, Anx, tb 10 AmZx = t`mKin- \Ip-Xv.
{Xnj]vXmx ]cn-b-n 123 Fo ]Z--fmWv 11 Acyam = A\o-Xn-bn can-m-Xv.
ImWp- - X v.""{ioK- t W- i m- b - \ ax'' Fp 12 BImix = {]Im-iI - m-cI
- a
- m-bX- v.
XpSnbh Fpan. sshZn-I-m thZm-cw- 13 BNmcy = Ncm-N-c-KXn Imn--cp--Xv.
`-n "lcn Hmw' Fv Fgp-Xp-Ibpw D-cn- 14 Bflm = kqvam-Xn-kqva hym]vX
15 BZn-Xy = HcpIm-epw\in-m--Xv.
122 ipIvf-b-pcvthZw 1.17 kzm[ym-bm-Z\ CXn..............
123 Anx CSv, Anx Fo aqpw ]Z-{]-Xn-]m-Z-Ihpw 16 B\- = [an-jvT-cpsS \-\.
\mem-at- Xv a{-{]-Xo-Ih
- p-am-Wv. 17 B]vX = [an-jvT-cn hym]vX.

19
18 C{ = sFizy-cy-]Xn 63 _rl-kv]Xn = _rl-m-b-Xn-s-sbmw ]Xn
19 Cuiz-c = sFiy-cyn can-p--Xv. 64 {_w = A-ca- n-msX hym]vXa- m-bXv(\-]pw.-en-MvKw)
20 Dcp-{I-a = {Ia-n-e-[nIw ]cm-{I-an. 65 {_mhv = _rlZvkrjvSnm\-ap-Xv
21 Hmw = kXv--Nn-Xv--B-\ kzcq]w. 66 `K-hm = sFizcym[n]Xn
22 Ihn = Adn-bpXv Adn-bn-p--Xv. 67 `qan = Ncm-N-c-sf [mcWw sNp-Xv
23 Ime = F-sf Adn-bp--Xv. 68 awK-f = Ne-\-nepw kpJw \Ip-Xv
24 Imemn = F-sf \bn-p--Xv. 69 a\p = a\-\m\-fm am\n-t-Xv
25 Ipt_-c = kI-em-[n-]-Xn. 70 alm-tZ-h = tZh-m-cp-sS- a-lm-\m-b- tZ-h
26 IqS- = cq]-nepw kzcq-]nX. 71 amX-cnizm = Af-h _e-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXv
27 tIXp = Hcp tcmKhpw _m[n-m--Xv. 72 amXmhv = Ir]m-]qhw km-\] - me\w sNp-Xv
28 Jw = kh-hym]n 73 an{X = Fm-h-scbpw kvt\ln-p--Xv
29 KW-]Xn = Ncm-N-c-K-W--fpsS ]Xn. 74 ap = {]m]-n-I-ti--fn\nv tamNn-n-p-Xv
30 KtW-i = KW--fpsS Cui. 75 bw = kIe ]ZmY--sfbpw Iqn-tp-Xv
31 Kcp-flm = _rlXvkzcq-](Kpcp--L\) 76 ba = Ia-^e (\n-b-a) hyh--sN-p-Xv
32 Kpcp = \mi-c-ln-Xambn hnf-p--Xv. 77 cmlp = asmpw IqSn--e-cm cq]-tmSp IqSnbXv
33 N{ = B\--kz-cq-] 78 cp{Z = ZpjvS-msc innp tcmZn-n-p-Xv
79 evan = P-K-ns\ IpsImncn-p-Xv
34 NnXv = tNX-\-ssN-X-\y-t_m-[-kz-cq-]w.
80 hkp = GXn Fmw nXnsNp-pthm AXv
35 Pew = P\bnXmhpw ebnnp--h-\pw.
81 hcp-W = htc-Wy- Kp-W-ap-Xv
36 m\w = Fmw Adn-bp--Xv.
82 hmbp = hcn-p-Ibpw kwl-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv
37 ssXP-k = {]Im-itXtPm-Im-cI -
83 hncmSv = hnizs kztXP-p-sImv {]Im-in-n-p-Xv
38 Zbmep = Fm-n\pw A`bw\Ip-Xv
84 hniz = Fm-nepw Fpw \ndp hn-p-pthm AXv
39 Znhy = Znhy-]-ZmY--fn hym]vX.
85 hnizw-`-c = [cn-p-Ibpw t]mjn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv
40 tZh = av klmbw IqSmsX kzbw hnf-p-Xv
86 hntizi-c = kI-e-P-K-n-sbpw A[n-jvTm-Xm-hm-Ibm
41 tZhn = ssNX-\y-Im-cW - I- m-cn-Ib - mbn hnf-p-Xv
87 hnjvWp = k-Xn-epw hym]vX-\m-I-bm
42 [a-cm-P = [-s-am{Xw [cn-p--h. 88 in = krjvSn-p-hm kmaYy-ap--Xv
43 \mcm-bW - = khhy]nbmbn Ab-\w-sN-p-Xv 89 iwI-c = awK-If - I
- c- a- mbn am{Xw Iw sNbvIb - m
44 \nXy = Ne-\-c-ln-X-\m-I-bm \mi-an-m--Xv 90 iss\-c - (i-\n) = KXn-bn kl-P-amb ss[cy-ap--XXv
45 \nc--\ = Ae--W-ambn Hpw Cm-Xv 91 inh = kzbw awK-f-{]-Z-\pw ZmXm-hp-am-I-bm
46 \ncm-Im-c = BIm-c-w Hmpta Cm-Xv 92 ip{I = kwK-m ]hn-{X-Xbn Fp--Xn-\m
47 \nKp-W = Xt-X-mKpWsf kv]in-m-h 93 ip = ap-sXmw ]cn-ip-am-pXv
48 \ymb-Imcn = ]-]mXanmsX [aw \SpXv 94 tij = Dev]-n-bnepw {]f-b-nepw tijn-p--Xv
49 ]c-am-flmhv = kqvam-Xn-kq--a-ambn hym]vX 95 {io = tkhmtbmKyambXv
50 ]c-ta-iz-c = Xpey-amtbm ]-c-amtbm asm-p-an-m--h 96 kKp-W = Xn am{X-ap KpW-t- fbpw [mcWw sNp-Xv
51 ]nXmhv = D-a-\s am{Xw Imwn-p--h 97 kn-Zm-\- = kXv, NnXv, B\w Ch-sb kzcq]-n [mcWw sNp-Xv
52 ]nXm-a-l = ]nXm--m-cpsS ]nXmhv 98 kXv = {Xn Im-e--fnepw Hcpt]mse \mi-an-msX hn-p-Xv
53 ]pcp-j = ]pcn-bn (hn-izw) ibn-p--h 99 kXyw = kbp-Xn\m
54 ]rYnhn = PK-ns\ hnkvX-cn-p--h 100 kc-kzXn = hnhn[ hnj-bfpsS bYm-X-Y-amb m\-tmSpIqSnbXv
55 {]Pm-]Xn = {]P-Isf ]cn-]m-en-p-- ]Xn 101 kh-i-n-am = as-m-i-n-I-fnepw i-am-bXv
56 {]]nXm-a-l = {]m]nXm--m-cpsS ]nXmhv 102 khnXm = kh-tem-I-sbpw Dev]m-Zn-n-p--Xp-Xv GtXm
57 {]m = icn-bmbn Adn-bp-h 103 kp]W = kZvIa-fn ]qW-am-bn-cn-p--Xv
58 {]mW = \ne\n-ev]n\v aqe-Im-c-W-am-bh 104 kqcy = PU-tN-X\fpsS A-cm-flm-hmbn kzbw {]-Iminp-Xv
59 {]nb = {]nb-am-b-Xn\pw {]nb-am-bXv 105 kzbw`q = kzb-tah DXv asm-n \nv Dm-Im-Xv
60 _p = kpJ-s \nb-a-ambn kzbw _nncnpXv 106 kzcmSv = kzbw hncm-Pn-p-Ibpw {]Im-in-p-Ibpw sNp-X - n-\m
61 _p = Fm-n-s\-bpw Ftmgpw Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-pXv 107 lnc-Wy-K` = kqcymZntemI- GXn \npw DZv`-hn-pthm AXv
62 _p[ = t_m[m\kz-cq-]ambn-cn-p-Xv 108 tlmXmhv = tbmKy-ambhsb sImSpp-Ibpw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv
 2
cmw kap-mkw

kXymY-{]-Imiw
hnZym-`ymk k{-Zmbw
AY- inmw {]h-ymax
amXr-am ]nXr-am-\m-Nm-cy-hm ]pcptjm ap--hbpw _pn-i-nsb \in-n-p--h-bp-
thZ., CXp iX-]-Y-{_m--W-n-ep Hcp amb Blm-c-]-ZmY--tfbpw hPnv kam-
hmIy-am-Ip-p. 1 hmkvXhw ]d-bp-I-bm-sW- [m-\w, Btcm-Kyw, _ew, _pn, ]cm-{Iaw,
n, amXmhv, ]nXmhv, BNm-cy Fo aqv kuio-eyw, Fn-h-bm k`y-Xsb Dm-
D-am-ym-]-I-msc e`n Hcp-h am{Xta p s\v, ]m, a[p-cm-- apX-emb
Adn-hp--h-\m-Iq. [man-Icpw ]Tn-p--h-cp- ]ZmY-sf ioen-p--XmWv Ghpw DNn-
amb amXm-]n-Xm--fp--h-\mWv `mKy-hm! B Xw. A{]-Imcw sNp--Xm-bm Ah-cpsS
Ipe-amWv [\yw. av F{X-tmfw D]- hocy-c-P-kp-I tZmj-c-lnXfpw AXyp-a
tZ-ihpw D]-Im-chpw amXm-hn \nv e`n- KpW-]qW-hp-am-Ipw.
ptam A{X-tmfw am-cn \npw e`n-p- cmtPm-Zi-\-ns Amw Znhkw apX
I- b n- . Abvv kzk- m\tfmSv ]Xn-\mdmw Znhkw hsc-bmWv K`m[m-\ - n\p
DmIp hmeyw asm-cmpw Dm-hp- hn[n-n-cn-p Imew. Ah-bn BZys
-X-. s] a-fpsS lnXs Cn-p-- \mep-\m hPy--fm-Wv. tij-ap ]{p
Xp-t]mse asm-cm Cn-p-I-bp-an-. AXn- Znhkfn ]Xn-s\m-m-a-sbpw ]Xn-aq-m-
\m-emWvamXr-am {]i-kvXbpw [a-X-ev]-c- a-sbpw Znhk HgnsI _mn-bp
bp-amb amXm-hp--h Fp ]d-n-cn-p- ]p cm{Xn-I-fn am{Xw K`m-[m\w sNp-
-Xv 2. K`m-[m\w apXv hnZym-`ymkw Ign- -XmWv D-aw. ctPm-Zi\w apXv ]Xn-
bp-Xp hsc kzk-m-\-v kuioeyw \mdp cm{Xn-I Ign-m ]noSv kv{Xo]p-
D]tZ-in-p A-bmWv ]c-a-[-\y. cpj kwtbm-K-a-cp-Xv. Cs\ K`m-[m-\-n\v
K`m-[m-\- n\v appw K`m-[m-\I
- m-epw tbmKy-amb Imew hopw hcp--Xp-h-tcbpw
AXn\p tijhpw amXm-]n-Xm--m aZyw apX- K`m-[m\w Dm-bm AXp-ap-X Hcp sIm-
emb amZ-I-]-ZmY--tfbpw cqhpw ZpK-- tpw kwtbmKw ]mSn-. `mcym-`m--
m Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw icocw Btcm-Ky-tmSp
IqSn-bXpw a\v timI-c-ln-Xhpw {]k--hp-
1 iX-]-Y-{_m--Ww 14.6., 10.2 & am-bn-cn--Ww. Nc-Iw, kp{ip-Xw, Fo sshZy
OmtmKy D]\n-jv 6.14.2
2 {]ikvXm [manIo amXm hnZytX {Kfnse hn[n- { ]- I mcw `- W - h pw,
bky k amXr-am hkv{X-[m-c-Whpw sNt--Xm-Wv. a\p-kvarXn
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
hn[n-n-p coXn-bn kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m Ccp-
hcpw At\ym\yw ktmjw {]Zm\w sNbvXp
Pohn--Ww. K`m-[m-\-ns tijw `-W-
nepw hkv{X-[m-c-W-nepw kv{XoI hfsc
{in- - W w. K`w [cn- - X n- \ p- t ijw Hcp
sIm-tv Ah ]pcp-j-kw-tbmKw sN-
cp-Xv. K`n-Wn-bmb kv{Xo {]khw Ign-bp--
Xp-hsc _pn, _ew, cq]w, Btcm-Kyw, ]cm-
{I-aw, imn apX-emb KpW-sf Dm-p
]ZmY am{Xw `n--Ww.
{]khw Ign DSs\ inip-hns\ kpK-
-bp--amb Pew-sImv Ipfn-nv s]mn
smSn tOZnv InS-n-b-tijw hon \
kpK- - t m- S p- I q- S nb s\v apX- e mb
]ZmYfm tlmaw sN-Ww. {]k-hnp
InS- p kv { XobpsS Ipfn lnX- I - c - a mb
Blmcw apX-em-b-hpw DNn-X-amb Gm-Sv
sN-Ww. Ipnbpw Xbpw {ItaW BtcmKyw
{]m]n-p-hm-\m-Wn-Xv. Ipn-bpsS s]-bpw
t]m--bpw 3 ape-m-en\v D-a-KpWfpm-
I---hw Blmcw Ign--Ww. {]k-h-Zn-
hkw apX Bdp Znhkw Ignbp--Xp-hsc
s]--bpsS ape-m ]m Ipnp sImSp--
Ww. ]noSv [m{XnbpsS ape-m sImSp-m-
hp--Xm-Wv. Fm [m{Xnp `n-m\pw
IpSn-m\pw \ ]ZmY \Ip-hm Ipn-
bpsS A-\--am {]tXyIw {in--Ww,
[m{Xnsb t]mp- h m Ign- b m \n[- \
_pn, ]cm-{I-aw, BtcmKyw Fo KpW
fpm-p acp-p-I, tN Ijm-b-n
Bn]m- t em, ]ip- h n]mtem tNv
IpnpsImSp-W - w, {]khw Ign-m inip-
hn-s\bpw Atbbpw thp-thmfw ip-hm-
bp-hp asmcp e-tp amn-n-S - W
- w.
AhnsS In\v IuXp-I-ta-Ip--Xpw, ]cn-afw
]c-p--Xp-amb ]ZmY- hbvp-I. {]k-
hn kv{Xo ]cn-ip--amb hmbp-hp {]tZ-i-
p-am-{Xta k-cn-m-hq. [m{Xo-kvX\yw, ]ip-
hn]m, Bn]m Fn- h - s bmpw
Inm {]tZ- i - - f n DNnXw t]mse
{]hn--Ww. inip-hns icocw P\-\n-
bpsS ico-cmwifn \nm-Wp-m-Ip--Xv.
AXn-\m {]k-hn-{Xn-bpsS icocw _e-lo-\-
3 [m{Xn ae-bm-f--c-bn Cu k{-Zmbw {]Nmc-an-.
hnZym-`ymk k{-Zmbw
am-Ip-p. kv{XobpsS BtcmKyw ]cn-K-Wn--p-
tm {]k-hn-p-In-S-p--h-fpsS ape-m
Ipnp sImSp-p-Xp \-X-. ape-m
tNmp t]mIm-Xn-cn-m thp acp-p-
I kvX\--fn ]pcn kvX\ys \ntcm-
[np \np--Xm-bm {]k-hn kv{Xo Hcp
amkw Ign-bp-tm-tgbvpw hopw bph-Xn-bm-
Ipw. AtXhsc ]pcp-j\pw {_-N-cyw-sImv
hocy-kw-c-Ww sN-Ww. C-d--hw
A\p-jvTn-p kv{Xo]p-cp-j-mv D-a-k-
m\ Dm-hp-I-bpw, Bbp-kpw, _ew,
]cm-{Iaw Fnh hn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Ah-
cpsS Fm km\fpw D-a-cpw, [man-I-
cpw, ZoLm-bp-v, _ew, ]cm-{I-aw, Fn-h-bp-
-h-cp-am-Ipw. kv{Xo A]-Xy-amKs ktm-
Nn-n-p, kwtim-[\w sNbvXp kqn-p-Ibpw
]pcp-j hocy-kw-c - Ww sNp-Ibpw thWw.
Fn ]no-Sp-m-Ip km\sfmw
D-a-cm-bn-cn-pw.
Xs a ]cnjv-Ir-Xioecpw ico-cm-h-
bhsf sImv IpnXtNjvS-I-sfmpw
sNm-Xn-cn-p--h-cp-am-Im \ D]-tZi
kZm \tI-Xv amXm-hns I-hy-am-Wv.
Ipn kwkm- c n- m XpS- n- b m A
AXns \mhn\p amhw Dm-I---hn-
[ap D]mbw sN- W w. Fn am{Xta
Ipnp kv]jvS-ambn D-cn-p-hm iIvXn
Dm-hp-I-bp-q. AXXp hWfpsS m\-
{]-bXv\fpw (D-Zm-l-cWw ]dbmw "]' Imc-
n\v HmjvT-amWv m\w. kv]rjvS-amWv {]b-
Xv\w. Fp shm cp Npp-Is - fbpw Iqn-
tv D-cn-Ww FYw.) {lkz-ZoL-
pXfpw kv]jvS-ambn D-cn-p-hm-\pw, a[p-
c-hpw, Kw`o-c-hpw, kp-c-hp-amb kzc-n
A-cw, am{X, ]Zw, hmIyw, kn, hncmaw
Fnh hy-ambn tI---hw ]d-bp-
hm\pw ]Tn-n--Ww. Ipn-I Iptds kwkm-
cn-p-hm\pw Imcy- a\-n-em-p-hm\pw XpS-
n- b m a[p- c - a mbn kwkm- c n- p- h m\pw
apXn-h ka-m Cf-b-h amXm-]n-Xm--
m, am\y-m, cmPm--m hnZzm-m, apX-
em-b-h-tcmSv kw`m-jWw sNt-p k{-
Zm-b-hpw, s]cp-am-td-p coXnbpw apw Ah
v ]Tn-np sImSp-W - w. Fn Imcyfn
Ah Hcn-Spw Atbm-Ky-ambn s]cp-am-dp-I-
22
 cmw kap-mkw
bn-. FmbnSpw BZ-chp t\Spw. kzk-m-
\-sf PntX-{n-b-m-cpw, hnZym-`ym-k-n
{i-bp--hcpw k-\-kw-kK-n Bk-
n-bp--h-cp-am-phm Fmhcpw ]cn-{i-an-
-Ww. hyY-amb {IoU, Ic-n, Nncn, hg-
p-Iq-, ktm-jw, hyk-\w, I-sXmw
Inp-hm sImXn, Akqb shdp-v, apX-em-b-
sXmpw Ipn-I ioen--cp-Xv. Kply-{]-tZ-
is kv ] i- \ hpw a- \ hpw ip- - b -
n\pw ZpK--n\pw \]pw-k-I-Xz-n\pw
Imc-W-am-Ipw. AXn-\m Ipn-I D]-t-{n-
bs kv]inp ioen--cp-Xv.
Fm-bvt]mgpw kXyw ]d-bp-I, iucyw,
ss[cyw, apJ-{]-k-X apX-emb KpW-
Ipn- I p- m- I - - - h n- [ - n Ahsc
hf-Ww. Am-as hb-kn BIp-
n-I-tfbpw s]Ip-n-I-sfbpw Hcp-t]mse \mK-
cm--chpw A\y-cm-Py--fnse `mj-I-fpsS
en]nbpw A`y- k n- n- t - - X m- W v . ]noSv
t{ijvT-amb hnZym-`ym-ks \Ip--h-bpw,
hnZy [aw, Cuiz-c Fn-h-sb-p-dnv {]Xn-
]m-Zn-p-h - bpw A, A, BNm-cy, AXn-
Yn, hnZzm-m, `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I, P\, Xd-
hm-n-ep--h, Nm-m, ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-
Z-c-m, `rXy-m ap-X-em-b-h-tcmSv s]cp-am-
td coXnsb D]-tZ-in-p--h-bp-amb a{
, tmI, kq{X, KZy-`mK, ]Zy-
`mK Fn-h-sbmw AY-tm-Sp-IqSn
lrZn--am-n-Ww. As\bm bm Ipn-
I If-f-m-cpsS NXn-{]-tbmK fn s]p-
t]m- h n- . hnZy- b vpw, [an\pw
hncpfmb taml- P mefntep \bn-
p euInI hyh-lm-c--sf-n thp
D]-tZi sImSp-p--Xm-bm `qX-t{]-Xm-
Zn- I - f mb anYym- h - k v X p- - f n Ahp
hnizmkw Dm-hm-Xn-cn-pw.
Kptcmx t{]Xky injykvXp ]nXr-ta[w kam-
N-c. t{]X-lmsscx kaw X{X Zi-cm-t{XW
ipyXn(a-\pkvarXn5.65)
acn-p-t]mb Kpcp-hns kwkvIm-c-Iaw \S-
p injy ihw FSp-p-sImp t]mb-
h-scm-cp-anv ]p-Zn-hkw sImv ]cn--ip-nsb
{]m]n-pp FmWv apI-fn sImSp a\p-
kvarXn hN-\-ns AYw. t{]Xw F ]Z-
n\v arX- i - c ocw As- n ihw Fm-
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
WYw. arX-ic - ocw Zlnp `kvaa - m-bm ]ns
AXn\v `qXw Fp-t]. ""C t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb
Hcp-h Dm-bn-cp-p. Ah Ign-p-t]mbn''
Fv Xmev ] - c yw. Hcp- I m- e v P\n- - h cpw
Cmev Pohn-n-cn-m--h-cp-amb P\-
`qX-Im-e-n-ep--h-cm-I-bm `qX- Fp
]d- b p- p- s h- t - b p- f - f q. {_jn XpSn
CtX- h - s c- b p kIe hnZzm- m- c p- s Sbpw
knmw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. Fm kwib
ioe- a p- - h cpw Ipn- X - c mb Bfp- I - t fmSv
kwkKw sNp--h-cpw, Zpjn kwkvIm-c-ap-
-h-cp-amb P\ `bhpw kwi-b-hp-ap-m-
p `qX, t{]X, adp-Xm, ]nimNv
apX- e m- b - h - b p- s A- h n- i zm- k - m
ZpxJn-X-cm-bn-o-cp-p. t\mpI! Hcp Pohn acn-
p-tm AXns Poh kzbw-Ir-X-amb
]m]-]pWy[o-\-ambn Cuizcs \n-
b-a\- p-kc- nv kpJ-ZpxJf\p-`h - n-m asmcp
Pw kzoI-cn-p-p. \mi-c-ln-X-\mb kth-
iz-cs B \n-b-s--]m-]-]p-Wy-hy-h--
sb Cm- X m- p- h m Bs- nepw Ign-
bptam? Adn-hn-m P\ sshZy-im-kv{Xw,
{]IrXn hnm-\obw Fnh ]Tn-p-I-tbm,
tIp-Itbm sNm-sXbpw kzbw Btem-
Nnp t\mm-sXbpw kn-]m-X-Pzcw XpS-nb
imco-cnI tcmKpw Nn-{`aw apX-emb
am\-kn-I-tcmKpw `qX-_m[, t{]X-_m[
Fsmw t]cp- s Im- S p- p- p. Ah B
tcmKpff Huj[ tkhnp-I-tbm,
]Yym- Z n- I - f m- N - c n- p- I tbm sNmsX I-
mcpw, AXy--aq-V-m-cpw, Zpcm-Nm-c-\n-c-X-m-
cpw, kzmY-am-{X-]cm-b-W-m-cpw, Im-hp-Ip-
Sn-b- m-cp-amb t-m-sc-tmepw hniz-knv ]e
{]Im-c-n-ep-ap-ff h-\-Ifpw hymPfpw
Im]Syfpw Imn, Fn Xnp-I, Nc-Sp-P-
]np sIpI, a{ P]n-p-I, XIn-Sp-I
_n-pI apX-emb anYym-Nmc sNbvXv
[\w apgp-h\pw If-p-Ip-fn-v, kzk-m\
fpsS tcmKtfbpw Zpc-h--tbbpw hn-
nv ZpxJ-ap-fh - m-n-smv \S-p-p. Am-
\m--m-cmb [\n-I ]m]n-Ifpw kzmYn-I-fp-
amb B Zp_p-n-IfpsS ASp- sNv,
""kzman, Cu Ippv Fp kw`-hnp
Fv a\-n-em-Ip-n-. Fm-W-hp hp
]nW-Xv?'' Fp tNmZn-m Ah C{]-
Imcw adp-]Sn ]dbpw: ""Chs tZl-n
23
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Hcp henb `qXw. t{]Xw, ss`c-h, hkq-cn-
ame apX-emb aqn-I-sfmw _m[n-n-p-v.
Ahp thp Hgn-hp-I sNp-Xphsc
Ah hnsm-gn-bp-I-bn-. Hcp kabw Chs
{]mWs\ IqSn sImp-t]m-tb-pw. Rv
thp-thmfw ]e-lmcfpw h Zn-Wbpw
IqSn Xcp--Xm-bm R Ahsb a{
P]npw tlmaw sNbvXpw HmSn-p-If - b
- mw.''
C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-tm B Am-\m--m
]dbpw: ""kzman, RfpsS kh-kzhpw
\in-mepw Chs `qX-_m-[-b-In Chs\
kpJ-s-Sp-n--cnI am{Xw sNbvXm aXn.''
Ah Cs\ ]d-bp--tXm-Sp-IqSn B ZpjvS-
m-cpsS B{Klw knn-p-p. Ah XpScpw:
""icn C{X Hcp-p-I thWw. C{X ]Ww
ZnW Xc-Ww. tZh-Xbvp _en sImSp--
Ww. {Kl-im-np thp Zm\hpw sN-
Ww.'' arZw-Kw, Ce-m-fw, sN, tNe, apX-
emb hmZysfSpv Ah Ahs apn
sNv \nv sImn-m-Sp-p. XpSv Ah-cn-
semcp I]-S-am-{n-I Ien-sImv Xpf-fn-m-
Sn, ""Rm Chs {]mW-s\-s sImp-
t]mIpw'' Fp ]d-bp-p. Atm B aqV-
m B \oN-am-{n-I-cpsS ImhoWv
""Ahn-Spv CjvS -ap- -s Xmw FSp- m- s.
Chs Pohs\ am{Xw hn-b-tW'' Fv
At]- n- p- p. AXp- t Ip- t m B
ZpjvS ]d-bp-p. "'Rm l\p-am-\m-Wv. sIm
phm ep, Pnte-_n, F, knq-cw, Ht-
Im ap L\-ap-ff Hcp H-N-m-n, Nph
etm- n- s Im- phm'' AX- s - n ""Rm
ss`c-h-\m-Wv. Rm `{Z-Im-fn-bmWv Ap-Ipn
Iv, Ccp-]Xp tImgn, Av tImem-Sv, Ipsd
]e-lm-cw, Hcp apv, CsXmw sImp-hm.''
Fv ]d- b p- p. "'th- s Xmw FSp- p-
sImI'' Fp ]dv a-_p-n-I sImSp-
p-tm B {`ms Xpepw Nmhpw A[n-
I-am-Ip-p. Fm _pn-bp--h h-hcpw
sNv, Ahv Xncp-apm-gvN-bmbn sNcn-
p- s Im- t m, ssIsIm- t m, hSn- s Imtm
Av {]l-c-tam, \ sXmgntbm sImSp-p
]w Ah-cpsS l\p-am-\pw, `{Z-Im-fn-bpw, ss`c-
h\pw Fmw hfsc thK-n {]km-Znv an-
-f-bpw. ap--h-cpsS ]Ww Xn-p-hm-\mbn
{]tbm-Kn-p I]-S-\m-SIfmWn-sX-mw.
hnZym-`ymk k{-Zmbw
As-n B Adn-hn-m--h {Kl-{K-
kvX\pw {Kl-cq-]nbpw Bb Hcp tPymXn-jm-
`m- k - s ASp- sNv, ""Ch\v
FmWv? Hp t\mn-bms'' Fp ]d-bp-
p. Atm Abm ]d- b pw, ""kqcymZn
{Klsfmw tZmj-m-\-m-Wv, Ah-bpsS
tIm]-imn hcp-p-hm thp P]w, ]qP,
Zm\w Fo Hgn- h p- I - s fmw sNn- - W w.
As-n Ch hfsc IjvS-mSpI A\p-
`-hn-pw. {]mW-lm\n t]mepw hcmw.''
D-cw KWIm! `qan-tb-tmse Xs
AtN- X \fmWv kqcymZn temIfpw.
NqSpw shfn-hpw Xcp-hm-\-msX asmpw
sNp-hm Ahbvv Ign-hn-. tIm]n-m
ZpxJ- t bpw {]km- Z n- m kpJ- t bpw
Dm-p-hm Ah tNX\tfm?
tNmZyw cmPm--mcpw {]P-Ifpw AS-nb
Cu temI-n Nne kpJ-ap--h-cmbpw ap
Nne ZpxJ-a-\p-`-hn-p--Xmbpw ImW-s-Sp-p.
AsXmw {Kl-n-Xn-bpsS ^e-at?
D- c w AsXmw ]pWy- ] m]fpsS
^e-amWv
tNmZyw tPymXnximkv{Xw tIhew If-
hmtWm?
D-cw A. B imkv{X-n-e-S-nb
A-K-Wn-Xw, tcJm-K-WnXw, _oP-K-WnXw
apX-emb KWn-X` - mKsfmw icn-bm-bn-p--
Xm-Wv. ^e-`mKw apgp-h\pw ipta hymP-am-
Wv.
tNmZyw PmXIw Xosc \njv^-e-amtWm?
D- c w AtX; AXn\v PmX- I - s a-
timIZw FmWv ]d-tb--Xv. km\w Dm-
-Ip-tm kI-epw B\w DmIm-dp-v.
Fm B B\w km-\-ns PmXIw
FgpXn {Kl-^ew ]d-p-tIp--Xp-hsc
am{Xta \ne-\np-p-q. PmXIw Fgp-Xn-
t-X - m-sWp tPymy ]d--bp-tm Ipn-
bpsS A-\--am tPymy-t\mSv "'hfsc
hnti-j-s PmX-I-am-bn-cn-Ww'' Fp ]d-
bp-p. ]d-t-ev]n-Xp [\n-I-\m-sW-n
NpIpw abpw hc- I sImpw
Nn{XsImpw tamSn]nSn-n-pw, Zcn-{Z-\m-
sW- n km[m- c - W - k - { - Z m- b - nepw Hcp
PmXIw FgpXn Dm- n- s mp hcpw.
24
 cmw kap-mkw
Atm Ipn- b psS amXm- ] n- X m- - m
tPymys apn Ccpp tNmZn-p-p.
""Chs PmXIw \- X p- X - s - b t?''
tPymy ]d- b p- p. ""DXp apgp- h \pw
]dp tIn-t-mw. Ipns P-{K-
lhpw an{X-{K-lhpw iq`fmIp-p. AXns
^e-ambn Ipn henb [\n-I\pw Ion-am\pw
Bbn-o-cpw. GXp k`bn sNmepw Chs
tXPv ap- - h - c p- t S- X n- t \- m anIp
\npw. \ Btcm-Ky-ap-h - \pw cmPm- - m
IqSn _lp-am-\n-p--h\pw Bbn-o-cpw.'' Cu
hmp-I tIv Ipn-bpsS A-\ - a
- m ]d-bpw.
""sImmw Av \ tPymy-cm-Wv.'' Fm
CXp-sIm-smpw Xs Imcyw km[n-p-I-bn-
sv tPymy- \ - d n- b mw. AXp- s Imv
tPymy ]ntbpw ]d-bp-p "" Cu ]d
{Klsfmw hfsc A\p-Iqe Xs.
Fm Cu ip`-{Kl thsd Nne {Iqc-
{KltfmSv IqSn-tm-Wn-cn-p--Xv. AXp-
\n-anw Cu Ipnv Fm-as hb-n
arXyp- t bmKw ImWp- p.'' CXp tIp-
tmtgpw A-\--am ]p{X-\p-mb B\-
-samw XyPnv ZpxJn-X-cmbn tPymy-t\mSv
]d- b p- p "" tPymy- t c, R Fp
sNWw?'' tPymy DSt\ ]d-bpw ""AXn\p
]cn-lmcw sN-Ww.'' ]cn-lm-c-amKw Fm-
sWv Krl- tNmZn-p-tm tPymy
hopw ]d-bpw ""Zm\ sImSp--Ww. {Kl-
im-n-p a{ P]n--Ww. Znh-kw-
tXmdpw {_m- W sc ImI- g p- I n- q- - W w.
Fn {Kl-ng Xocp-sa-m-W-\p-am-\n-t--
Xv.'' tPymy ChnsS A\p-am-\-sap ]d-
Xv hfsc apI-cp-X-tem-sS- IqSn-bmWv. Hcp-
]t Ipn acn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-bm Abm
]dbpw: ""R Fp-sNpw? Cuiz-c-\p-]cn
Bcp-an-. R hfsc {]b-Xv\n-p. \nfpw
]eXpw sNn-p. ]t Ahs Ia^ew
As\bm-Wv.'' Ipn Pohn-s-n Atmgpw
Abmp ]d-bmw, "" t\mpI! RfpsS
a{fpsS-bpw, R D]m-kn-p tZh-
X-am-cp-sSbpw {_m-W-cp-sSbpw in F{X
hep- X mWv ! \nfpsS Ipnsb cn- p- X -
nt!'' hmkvX-h-n P]w sImv ^e-sam-
p- a p- m- b n- s - n B [qX- m- c psS
ssIn \nv Ahv sImSp--Xn Htm
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
ctm Ccn ]Ww aSn hmt--Xm-Wv.
Ipn Pohn-n-cn-p--Xm-bmepw As\ aSn
taSn-pI Xs-bmWp th-Xv. Fs-m,
"'AXv Ahs Ia-^-e-am-Wv. Cuiz-cs \nb-
as ewLn-p-hm Bpw in-bn''
Fv tPymy ]d-bp--Xp-t]mse ""Ahs
Ia-^-ehpw Cuiz-cs \nb-a-hp-amWv Ahs\
cn-X - v, \nfpsS {]hr-n-b'' Fv Abm-
tfmSpw ]d- b m- h p- - X m- W v . Zm\fpw ap
Iafpw A\p-jvTn-nv {]Xn-^ew hmn-
bn-p Kpcp apX-em-b-h-tcmSpw tPymy-t\mSv
]d--Xp-t]mse Xs, ]d-tb--Xm-Wv.
hkq-cn-ame apX-emb tZh-X-Ifpw a{w,
X{w, b{w Fn-hbpw Fmw, CXp-t]mse
Xs iphymP-am-Wv. AXp-sImp \S-p-
-h {]hn-p-Xv apgp-h\pw I]-S-am-Wv.
Ah-cn Nne Cs\ ]d-bp-p, ""R
NcSp P]n-p-sIm-Sp-p-Itbm b{w Fgp-Xn-
sm-Sp-p-Itbm sNp--Xm-bm AXv sIp-
- h v AXns amlmflyw sImv
bmsXmcp _mt[m-]-{Z-hhpw ]oUbpw Dm-Ip-
-X-.'' Ahv sImSp-t adp-]Sn CXm-
Wv. ""ac-W-n \npw Cuiz-cs \nb-a-
n anpw Ia-^e-n \npw a\p-jysc
cn- p- h m- \ p- in \nptm?
\nfpsS a{-in apgp-h\pw {]tbm-Kn-npw
F{X Ipn-I-fmWv acn-p-t]m-Ip--Xv. \nfpsS
hon- e p- - h Xs acn- p- t ]m- I p- nt?
\np Xs ac-W-n \nv kzbw
cn-p-hmIgn-bptam?'' Cs\ tNmZn-p--
Xm-bm Ahv kam-[m-\-sampw ]d-bp-
hmkm-[n-p-I-bn-. "'kq{X-sampw ChnsS
^en-n'' F-h a\-n-em-p-Ibpw sNpw.
AXn-\m Ccw If-f-csfsbmw
XyPn-v, [man-Icpw kIe tZipw D]-
Imcw sNp- - h cpw bmsXmcp hymPhpw
IqSmsX Fm-h-scbpw hnZy-I-f-`y-kn-n-p--
hcpw D-acpw hnZzm-m-cp-am-b-h temI-n\v
GXp-hn-[-n D]-Imcw sNp-pthm AXp-
t]mse Xs Ahpw {]Xyp-]-Imcw sNp-
I. Cu I-hys Hcn-epw ssIhnp If-
b- cp- X v . CXp- t ]m- se- Xs At\- I - h n- [ - n-
ep ckm- b - \ - { ]- t bmKtfbpw amc- W w,
taml-\w, Dm-S-\w, hio-I-cWw apX-emb \oN-
Iatfbpw D]-tZ-inp \S-p--hcpw alm
25
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
aqV-m-cm-sWp a\-n-em-t--Xm-Wv. C-
d-Xpw CXp-t]m-se-bp-X - p-amb kIe ambm-
{]-tbmKfpsSbpw kXys Ipn-m-ep
Xs a\-n ]Xnp InS----hw
av a\- n- e mn sImSp- t - - X m- W v ,
Fm Ah B amXn-cn-bp bmsXmcp
taml-Pmefnepw AI-sv ZpxJs {]m]n-
m CS-h-cp--X-. hocys cn-p--
Xnep B\--em-`-sbpw, \in-np If-bp-
Xp sImp ZpxJ-sbpw Ipn-Iv a\-
n-em-n-sm-Sp--Ww. ""GsXm-cp-hs ico-c-
n hocyw kpc- n- X - a m- b n- c n- p- pthm
Ah\v Btcm-Kyw, _pn, _ew, ]cm-{Iaw
Fn-h-sbmw hn-p-h-cn-Ibpw AXp-\n-
anw Ah Af-h kpJw A\p-`h - n-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. kv{Xo hnj-b-s-n kwkm-cn-p-
I, hnj-b-tem-ep-]-m-cmb P\tfmSv kl-
h-kn-p-I, hnj-bkpJm-\p-`hsfn Nnn-
p-I, kv{XoI-sfm-cp-anv GIm hmkw sNp-
I, Ah-tcmSv kw`m-jWw sNp-I, Ahsc
kv]in-pI Fn-h-sbmw hPnv AI-n-
cpp sImmWv {_-Nm-cn-I D-a-hn-Zym-
`ym-khpw ]qW-amb sshZp-jyhpw t\tS--
Xv. GsXm-cp-hs ico-c-n hocyw Ctbm
Ah \]pw-k-Ihpw ]pcp-j-e--W-an-m--
h\pw hfsc hncq- ] - \ p- a m- b n- o- c pw. AXp-
t]mse Xs {]ta-l-tcmKw _m[n-p--h
tZl-_-ew, ico-c-Im-n, _pn, in, Dm
lw, ss[cyw, ]cm-{Iaw Fo KpW sfmp-
an-m--h-\m-bn-ov \in-p-p. t{ijvT-
amb in-Ww, hnZym-k-m-Z-\w, hocy-k-m-
Z\w Fn-h-bvp Cu Imes hyY-am-
n-bm Cu P-n C\n-sbm-cn- Cub-
h-kcw IWn-Imam t]mepw Inp--X-.
R Pohn- n- c n- p Imep Xs
\n hnZym-`ymkw sNbvXv sshZpjyw km-
Zn- p- I - b pw, ico- c - _ ew hn- n- p- I bpw
sNbvXp-sIm--Ww.'' Fv Ipn-Isf DXv-t_m-
[n-n--Ww. CXp-t]m-se-bp ap ]e D]-
tZifpw amXm-]n-Xm- av sImSp-t-
-Xm-Wv. CsXmw kqNn-n-m-\mWv ap]-
d {]am-W-n ""amXr-am ]nXr-am''
Fo ]Z {]tbm- K n- n- p- - X v . Ap
hbp XnI-bp-Xp hsc Abpw, AXns
tijw Fp-h-bkv Ign-bp--Xp-hsc A-\pw,
Ipn- I sf ]Tn- n- - W w. H- X m- a s hb-
hnZym-`ymk k{-Zmbw
n, {_m-Wc - m-sW-n BIp-n-Isf D]-
\-bnv Kpcp-Ip-e - n-te-v- A- X - m-bX
- v- ]
- qW-]m-
WvUnXyw km-Zn hnZzm-mcpw hnZp-jn-Ifpw
hnZymZm\w sNbv X v s Im- n- c n- p e-
tv Ab--Ww. s]Ip-n-I-tfbpw CXp-
t]mse Kpcp-Ip-e-n-tev Ab-t--Xm-Wv.
]Tn- n- p- t m Hcn- epw emfn- msX
imkn-p-Iam{Xw sNp-h - c
- psS km\
am{Xta kpin-n-X - mcpw hnZzm-mcpw kwkvIr-
X-lr-Z-bcpw Bhp-I-bp-q. CXn\v {]amWw
hymI-c-W-`m-jy-n-ep-v:kmarssXx ]mWn-
`ncv L v \ n Kpcthm \ hntjmnssXx.
eme-\m-{i-bntWm tZmjm-kvXm-U-\m-{i-bn
tWm KpWmx 4
AYw: km\tfbpw injy-m-scbpw
XmUn-p amXm-]n-Xm--mcpw A[ym-]-Icpw
kzk-m\tfbpw injy-m-scbpw kzw
ssII- f m AarXw IpSn- n- p- p. kzk-
m\tfbpw injy-m-scbpw emfn-p
A-\--amcpw Kpcp-\m-Y-mcpw Ahsc Xfp
sS ssI sImv hnjw IpSn-np \in-n-p-
p. emf\w sImv km\fpw injy-mcpw
Zpjn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw XmU-\w-sImv \-h-cm-
Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. km\fpw injy-mcpw
XfpsS A- \ - - a mcpw Aym- ] - I cpw
Xsf innp hfn-bm AXp-sImv
Fm-bvt]mgpw ktm-jn-p-Ibpw Hma-\nv
hfp-X - m- b
- m AXp-sImv ZpxJn-p-Ibpw
sNt--Xm-Wv. Fm Abpw A\pw
A[ym-]-I\pw Akq-b-sImtm tZzjw-sIm
tm Ipn-Isf ASn--cp-Xv. Ahsc `b-s-Sp-
p-X - mbn ]pdta \Sn-p-Ibpw Dn hm-
ey-tm-Sp-IqSn {]hn-p-Ibpw sNt-X - m-
Wv. ap ]eXpw ]Tn-n-p Iq-n tamj-
Ww, hy`n-Nm-cw, aSn, sXp-I, el-cn-tk-h,
AY-an-m kwkm-cw, lnwk, {IqcX, Akq-
b, shdpv apX-emb Zpxkz-`mhsf hnp-I-f-
bp-hm\pw kXys ssIsm-p-hm\pw ]Tn-
n--Ww. Hcp-h asm-cp-hs apn shv
Hscm {]mh-iy-sa-nepw tamjvSn-p-Itbm
hy`n- N - c n- p- I tbm AkXyw ]d- b p- I tbm
sNbvXp-t]m-bm ]ns ac-W-]-cyw Ah
_lp-am-\-]m-{X-am-hp-I-bn-. {]Xn-m-ew-L-
4 alm-`mjyw 8.1.8
26
 cmw kap-mkw
I\p t\cn-Sp--Xp-t]m-se-bp tZmjw asm-
cp-h\v Dm-Im-dn-. AXn-\m {]Xn--sN-
bvXm AX-\p-k-cnv {]hn--Ww. Rm
C ka-bv \n-fpsS ASp--tev hcmw,
Ftm ""Rm C ka-bv C km[\w
Xcmw'' Ftm {]Xn sNbvXnv As\
sNm-Xn-cp-m Ahs\ ]noSv Bcpw hniz-
kn-p-I-bn-. AXn-\m Ghcpw Ftmgpw
kXyw ]d- b p- - h cpw {]Xn- m- ] m- e - I cpw
Bbn- c n- - W w. Zpc- ` n- a m\w Dm- I p- Xv
Bpw \-X-. If-hv, Im]-Syw, IrX-Lv\X
Fn-h-sImv Ah-\-h\p Xs am\-knI
ZpxJ-ap-m-Ip-p. Atm Ah ap--hv AYw Kpcp Ahsc ]Tn-n--Ww. {]Y-tam-m-
F{X-tbsd ZpxJ-Im-c-W-am-Ip-sav ]d-b-W-sa-
n-. a\-kn-semp hnNm-cnpw ]pd-smp
Imnbpw A\y-msc taml-h-e-bn IpSpn
Ahv t\cn-Sm-hp tZmj-s-n Btem-
Nn-msX kzmYw km[n-p--Xn-s\-bmWv
Im]Syw Fp ]d-bp--Xv. A\y sNbvX D]-
Im- c s hnkv a - c n- p- - X n- s \- b mWv IrX-
Lv\X Fp ]d-bp--Xv. t{Im[w, ITn-\-`m-
jWw Fnh shSnv arZp-a[ - p-ca
- mbn kwkm-
cn-p-hm ioen--Ww. shdpsX Pev]n--cp-
Xv. thXp apgp-h\pw ]d-b-Ww. thm--
sXmpw ]db-cp-Xv. Kpcp-P\sf _lp-am-\n-
-Ww. Ahsc Im Fgp-tv "\akvtX'
Fv ]dv hnv tbmKy-amb Ccn-nSw
\I-Ww. Ah-tc-m Dbv Ccn--cp-Xv.
asm-cp-h hv Fgp-t\p-hm ]d-bm CS-
bm- I m- - h w Ah- \ - h \v Al- a mb
m\p am{Xta Ccn-bvm-hq. BtcmSpw
hntcm[w DmcpXv. hnth- I - ] qw
tZmjsf Xn KpWsf sIm- W w.
k-\k - w-kKw sN-Ww. ZpP-\k - l
- h
- mkw
XyPn-W - w. Ah-ch
- c - psS amXm-]n-Xm-, Kpcp-
- m Fn- h sc icocw, a\v , [\w
apXembh-bm ktm-j-]qhw ip{iq-jn--
Ww.
""bm\y-kvamI(Mv)kpN-cn-Xm\n Xm\n -Xz-
tbm-]m-kym\n t\m CX-cmWn'' CXv ssXn-
cob hN-\ 5-am-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm--m-cpw, A[ym-
]- I cpw XfpsS Ipppw injy-
mpw Fm-bvt]mgpw kXyw D]-tZ-in-p-
- t Xm- s Smw CXp- I qSn D]- t Z- i n- Ww:
5 ssXcob D]\n-jv inm-hn 11
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
""[am-\p-krX fmb Iasfmw kzoI-
cn- p- s Im- p- I . GtXXp Ia
\nyfmtWm Ah-sbmw XyPn-p-I. kXy-
am-sWp tXmp--Xns\ ]d-bp-Ibpw {]N-
cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I. I-k-\ym-knbpw Zpcm-
Nm-cn-bp-amb Hcp-h-t\bpw hniz-kn--cp-Xv. A-
\--amcpw Kpcphpw Bm-]n-p kXvIa-
-f-\p-jvTn--Ww. Ipn-Isf amXm-]n-Xm-
ImWmsX ]Tn-n-n-p [aw, hnZy, kZm-Nm-
cw, Fn-h-sb-p-dn-p tmI, \nL-
p, \ncp- w, hymI- c - W - k q{X, ap
kq{X, thZ-a{ apX-em-b-h-bpsS
k-n Cuiz-cs\ GXp hn[-n hWn-
pthm AtX hn[- n Dn hn`m- h \
sNbvXv D]m-kn--Ww. Btcm-Kyw, hnZy, _ew
Fnh ssIh-cp-hm tbmPn hn[w `-Ww,
hkv{X-[m-cWw apX-em-bh ioen-p-Ibpw ioen-
n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. hni--S-p-hm Bh-
iy-ap--Xn Aev]w Ipdt `n-m-hq. aZy-
amw-km-Zn-I hPn--Ww. Bg-sa-{X-bp-sv
Adn-bm-sX sh-n CdcpXv. Fs-
m Pe- P - p- - f n \ntm thsd h
hkvXp--fn \ntm D]-{Zhw Dm-tb-mw.
\op hi-an-s-n apn-tm-Imw. ""\mhn-
mtX Pem-i-tb'' 6 F a\p-h-N-\-a-\p-k-
cnv Bg-a-dn-bm Pem-i-b-n Cdn Ipfn-
-cp-Xv. 7 ZrjvSn-]qXw \ytk-Xv]m-Zw, hkv{X-
]qXw Pew ]nt_Xv. kXy-]qXmw htZ-Zzm-Nw,
a\x-]qX kam-N-tc-Xv.
Xmsg t\mn \S--Ww. hkv{Xw sImv
Acn shta IpSn-m-hq. kXyw-sImv ]cn-
ip--am-nb hmt ]d-bm-hq. a\-kp-sImv
Btem-Nnt {]hn-m-hq.
amXm-i{Xpx ]nXm sshco tb\ _mtem
\ ]mTnXx, \ tim`tX k`m-aty lwk-
aty _tIm -b-Ym 8. Fsmcp Ihn ]d-bp-
p. asf th-hw hnZym-`ymkw sNn-
m amXm-]n-Xm--m Ah-cpsS ]ca i{Xp-
-fm-Ip-p. Ah-cpsS aqV-k--Xn-I hnZzm-
m-cpsS k`-bn sNm, Ac-bfpsS
6 a\pkvarXn 4.129
7 a\pkvarXn 6.46
8 NmW-Iy-iX
- Iw
9 NmW-Iy-\oXn 2, 11
27
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
a[y-nse sImn-sb-tm-se, tim`n-msX
Xnc-kvIr-X-cm-Ip-p. ico-cw, a\-kv, [\w Fn-
h-bm kzk-m\sf hnZzm-mcpw [an-jvT-
cpw, kwkvIr-X-Nn--cpw, t{ijvT-in-Ww e`n-
-hcpw Bp-I-sb-Xv amXm-]n-Xm--m-cpsS
I- h yhpw ]c- a - [ ahpw tIhn- t I
Iahpw BIp-p. _me-m-cpsS in-W-{I-a-
s-n Ipd-s-gp-Xn-b-Xn \nv _pn-am-
mv hf-sc-b-[-nIw a\-kn-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
C\n {_-Nc - yw, Kpcp-in-jy-_
- w, A[ym-]\w
Fn-h-sb-n ]d-bmw.
{ioa--bm-\ kc-kzXn kzman-I-fm
hnc-Nn-X-amb kXymY-{]-Im-i-n
_me-in--W-s-p-dn-p
ZznXo-tbm-mkw Ign-p.

cmw kap-m-k-nse
kwkvIrX D-c-Wn-I

amXr-am ]nXr-am-\m-Nm-cy-hm ]pcptjm thZ., .............................. OmtmKy D]\n-jXvv 6.14.2

Kptcmx t{]Xky injykvXp ]nXr-ta[w kam-N-c.

t{]X-lmsscx kaw X{X Zi-cm-t{XW ipyXn..................................................... a-\pkvarXn 5.65

kmarssXx, ]mWn-`nLv\n Kpcthm \ hntjmn

ssXx eme-\m-{i-bntWm tZmjm-kvX-U-\m-{i-bntWm KpWmx ......................... alm-`mjyw 8.1.8

bm\y-kvamI(Mv)kpN-cn-Xm\n Xm\n -
Xz-tbm-]m-kym\n t\m CX-cmWn .........................................................ssXcob D]\n-jv 1.11

\mhn-mtX Pem-i-tb .................................................................................................. a-\pkvarXn 4.129

ZrjvSn-]qXw \ytk-Xv]m-Zw, hkv{X-]qXw Pew ]nt_Xv.

kXy-]qXmw htZ-Zzm-Nw, a\x-]qX kam-N-tc-X. .......................................................... a-\pkvarXn 6.46

amXm -i{Xpx ]nXm sshco tb\ _mtem \ ]mTnXx,

\ tim`tX k`m-aty lwk-aty _tIm- b-Ym ............................................. NmW-IriXIw 9

{]ikvXm [manIo amXm hnZytX bky k amXr-am

28
 aqmw kap-mkw
3
aqmw kap-mkw
kXymY-{]-Imiw
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
AY A[y-b-\m-[ym-]-\-hn[nw hymJym-kymax
aqm-as kap-m-k-n A[y-b\w A[ym-
]\w Fn-h-sb-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-mw. D-a-hn-
Zy, t{ijvT-in--Ww, KpWw, Iaw, kz`mhw
Fn-hb - m-Ip `qjWsfsmv Ipn-Isf
Ae- - c n- p- Xv amXm- ] n- X m- - m- c p- s Sbpw
A[ym-]-I-m-cp-sS-bpw, _p-P\fpsSbpw
Ihyfn {][m-\a - m-Wv. kzw, shn,
amWn-Iyw, apv, ]hngw apX-emb cXv\
sImp-m-nb B`-cW AWn-bp--Xp-
sImv a\p-jys Bflmhv Hcn-epw Aew-
Ir-X-amhpIbn-. 1 B B`-c-W-f-Wn-m
tZlm-`n-am-\w, hnj-b-kp-Jm-k-n, I-msc
`bw, Fnh hn-p-It- b-bp-q. Fp am{X-
a; Nne-tm acWw IqSn kw`-hn-p--Xm-
Wv. B`-cWfWnp \S-p Ipn- I -
tfbpw apw ZpjvS-m sImm-dp--tm.
hnZym-hn-em-k-a-\tkm [rX-io-e-inmx
kXy-{hXm cln-X-am-\-a-em-]-lmcmx
kwkm-c-Zp-xJ-Z-e-t\\ kp`q-jnXm tb
[\ym \cm hnln-X-Icva ]tcm-]-Imcmx
hnZym-`ym-k-n Bk-n-bp a\-v,
kp-c-amb ioe-hpw, kz`m-hhpw Fn-h-tbm-
Sp- I q- S n- b - h - c pw, kXyw ]d- b p- I , XpS- nb
\nbasf ]cn-]m-en-p--h-cpw, Al-m-cw,
A]-hn-{XX apX-emb tZmjfnm--h-cpw,
ap--h-cn-ep amen-\ys AI-n--f-bp--
1 tIbq-cmWn \ `qj-bn ]pcpjw
lmcm\ Nt{m-zem (\oXniXIw.15)
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
h-cpw, ktXym-]-tZiw sImpw hnZym-Zm\w
sImpw temI- n- e p P\fpsS
ZpxJsf Zqco-Ic - n-p-h
- c- pw, thZ-hn-ln-Xa- mb
Iafm A\yv D]-Imcw sNp--h-cp-
amb P\fmWv `mKy-hm-m-cm-bn-p--h.
AXn-\m Fm-as hb-kn Xs BIp-
n-I-sfbpw s]Ip-n-I-sfbpw Ah-c-h-cpsS
hnZym-e-b-n tN-Ww. Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-fmb
]pcp- j - mcpw Zphr- - I - f mb kv { XoIfpw
A[ym- ] - I - ] Zw hln- p- h m tbmKy- c - .
]qWssh- Z pjyw knn [am- \ p- j v T m- \ -
n {i-bp kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cmWv Ipn-
Isf ]Tn-n-p-hm\pw kwkvIm-c-ap--h-cm-p-
hm\pw tbmKy. hon shp-Xs BIp-
n-Ip D]-\-b-\hpw s]Ip-n-Iv hn[n-
bmw-h--ap hnZym-cw` kwkvIm-chpw sNbvX-
tijw Kpcp-Ip-e - n-te-v- h- n-Zym-eb
-
- n-te-v
Abbv--Ww. hnZym-ebw hnP-\-amb {]tZ-i-
m-bn-cn--Ww. hnZymYn-I-fpsS hnZym-ebw
hnZymYn-\n-I-fpsS hnZym-e-b-n \nv \mep
\mgnI AI-se-bm-bn-cn--Ww. A[ym-]-I,
`rXy, apX- e mbn B]n- q- S - n
BWpfpw s]]-n-q-S - n kv{XoIfpw
Bbn-cn--Ww. _me-m-cpsS hnZym-e-b-n
Ap-h-bp XnI Hcp s]Ip-n-t]mepw
{]th-in--cp-Xv. AXp-t]mse Xs _men-I-
am-cpsS hnZym-e-b-n Ap hb-mb Hcp
BIp-n-t]mepw {]th-in--cp-Xv. BIp-n-
I {_-Nm-cn-I-fmbpw s]Ip-n-I {_-
29
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Nm- c n- W n- I - f mbpw Ccn- t Ime- t mfw
Ah ]c-kv]c - a
- p Zi-\w, kv]i-\w, GIm-
-hm-kw, kw`m-j-Ww, hnjb kpJsfp-
dn-p IYm-Jym\, {IoUm-hn-t\mZ,
hnj- b - k p- J - s - p- d n- p kvacW
Fns\ Fp {]Im- c - n- e p ssaYp-
\s Xosc shSn-b-Ww. A[ym-]-I Ahsc
B hnjbfn \nv AIn \n-Ww.
Fn am{Xta Ah Da in-Ww, ioew,
kz`m-hw- F-nh t\Sn ico-c-_-ehpw Bfl-i-
nbpw km-Znv \nXy-ku-Jys hn-n-
p-Ib - p-q.
hnZym- e b ]Wfn \npw
{Kmafn \npw Hcp tbmP-\--F-p-\m-gnI
Zqcw AI-n-cn--Ww. Ipt_-cs ]p{X-\m-
bmepw \n[-\s ]p{X-\m-bmepw hnZymYn-
bm-bn-cn-p-tm Fm-hpw Hcp-t]m-se-
bp hkv{Xfpw `- W hpw Ccn-
nSfpta sImSp-m-hq. Ah-scmw X]-
kzn-I-fm-bn-cn--Ww. Ipn-I A-\--amsc
ImWphm- t \m, A- \ - - a m Ipn- I sf
kin- p- h mt\m A\p- h - Z n- - c p- X v.
A\amcpw afpw Xn In-S-]mSv
\S-p-hm t]mepw A\p-hZnpXv icn-
b-. As\ AI-n-cp-m am{Xta Ah
euInI Nn-I IqSmsX hnZym-`n-hr-n-bn
am{Xw {in-m i-cm-hp-I-bp-q. ]mT-
im-eb - n \np ]pdp t]mIp-tmgpw Ah-
cpsS IqsS A[ym-]-I-m Dm-bn-cn--Ww.
As\bmbm No {]hr--n-I, aSn,
sXp-I Fn-h-sbmpw Ah ioen-p-
I-bn-.
I\ym\mw kw{]-Zm\w N Ipam-cmWmw N
c-Wav 2. a\p-kvar-Xn-bn-ep Cu hN-\-
ns XmXv]cyw CXm-Wv ""Ap-h-b-sm,
Fp hbsm Ign BIp-n-I-tfbpw
s]IpnIsfbpw kzKr- l - n hp
hfp-hm ]mSn-. hnZym-e-b--fn-tev
Abbv- - W w. As\ sNm- - h
inml-cm-Wv. Fns\ tZio-b-amtbm
kmap-Zm-bn-I-amtbm \nbaw Dm-bn-cn--
Ww.''
BIp-n-Isf BZyw kzKr-l-n hpw
2 a\pkvarXn 7.152
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
]noSv Kpcp-Kr-l-n hpw D]-\-bn--Ww.
A- \ - - a mtcm BNm- c yt\m Bsc- nepw
BIp-n-Ipw s]Ip-n-Ipw Kmb-{Xo-
a{w AY-tm-Sp-IqSn D]-tZ-in-p-sIm-Sp--
Ww. B a{w CXmWv:
Hmw `qcv`phx kzx
X-hn-Xpcvh-tcWyav
`cvtKm tZhky [oaln
[ntbm tbm \x {]tNm-Z-bm-Xv 3
Cu a{-ns {]Y-am--c-amb "Hmav' s
AYw {]Y-tam-m-k-n Fgp-Xn-bn-p-Xv
t\mp-I. C\n aqv alm-hym-lr-Xn-I-fpsS
AYw Npcp-n--d-bmw.
`qx "'`qcnXn ssh {]mWx'' bx {]mW-bXn
Ncm-fNcw PKXv k `qx kz-bw-`q-co-izcx kI-e-
PKn-sbpw \ne-\n-ev]n\v B[m-ch - pw, {]mW-
t\-m {]nb\pw kzbw `qhpw Bb {]mW-
hm-Nn--bmIbm `qx Cuiz-c-\m-a-am-Wv.
`phx ""`qh-cn-Xy-]m\x''bx kcvhw ZpxJ-a]m-
\-bXn tkmf]m\x ZpxJ-c-ln-X-\pw, Pohm-flm-
v ZpxJ-hn-ap-nsb {]Zm\w sNp--h-
\p-amb Cuiz-cs t]cmWv `phx F-Xv.
kzx ""kzcnXn hym\x'' ""tbm hnhn[w PK-
Zvhym\-bXn hym]vt\mXn k hym\x'' hnhn[
temIfnsepw hym]nv Fm-n-t\bpw
[mcWw sNp Cuiz-c FYw. ""`qcnXn
ssh {]mWx'' CXymZn aqp hmIy
ssXncobm-c-Wy-I-n-ep--h-bm-Wv. 4
k-hnXpx (bx kpt\m-Xyp-ev]m-Zb - Xn kcvhw
PKXv k khnXm Xky) temIsfsbmw
Dev]m-Zn-n-p-Ibpw Fm sFizcysfbpw
\Ip-Ibpw sNp-, tZhky (tbm-Zo-hyXn
ZohytX hm k tZhx) kIe kpJfpw
\Ip AYhm Bsc {]m]n-p-hm Fm-
hcpw B{K- l n- p- pthm B Cuiz- c s
htcWyw (hcvp-acvlw) `cvKx (ip--kzcq-
]w) kzoI-c-Wo-bhpw AXn-t{i-jvThpw ip-
kz-cq-]hpw ]mh-\hpw tNX-\-hpamb {_-kz-
cq-]-ns (X-Xv) B ]c-am-flm-hns\ \mw
[oaln ([tc aln) [cn-p-p. Fn-s\p
]d-bp-p bx (P-K-Zo-iz-cx) khn-Xmhpw tZh-
3 bPpcvthZw36.3
4 ssXcob BcWyIw7.5
30
 aqmw kap-mkw
\p-am-bn-cn-p ]c-am-flmhv \x (A-kvam-Iw)
\psS [nbx (_p- ox) _pn- i - n- I sf
{]tNm-Z-bmXv (t{]-c-tb-Xv) t{]cn-n-p-am-dm-I-
s. ZpjvIrXyfn \nv amn kXvIa
fn {]hn-n-s FYw. ""tl! ]c-
ta-izc! tl! kn-Zm-\--kz-cq]! tl! \nXy-
ip-_ - p-a - p-k - z-`mh! tl! AP! \nc-RP
\ncvhn-Imc! tl kcvhm-c - ym-an! tl kcvhm
[mc PKZv]tX! kIe PK-ZpXv]m-ZI! tl
A\mtZ! hnizw-`c! kcvh-hym-]n! tl Icp-
Wm- a rXhmcnt[! khn- X pcv t Z- h ky Xh-
btZmw `qcv`p-hx- kzcvh-tcWyw `cvtKmfkvXn
XZzbw [oaln Z[o-aln [tc-aln [ymtbav
hm. Ikvssa {]tbm-P\ - m-tb-Xy-{Xml-tl `K-
h! bx khnXm tZhx ]c-ta-iztcm `h-
kvamIw [nbx {]tNm-Z-bm-Xv. k Ghm-kvamIw
]qPy D]m-k-\ob CjvS-tZthm `hXp; \m
tXmf\yw `h-peyw `h-tXmf[nIw N InXv
IZm-Nna-\ym-atl.'' am\-hsc! kaY-m-cn
hv Ghpw kaY-\pw, kn-Zm-\--kz-cq-]-
\pw, \nXy-ip--_p--ap kz`m-h-\pw, Icp-
Wm-km-K-c-hpw, bYm-tbmKyw \ymbw \S-p-
-h\pw P\-\a - c - W
- mZn tifnm-h
\ncm-Im-c-\pw, kh-\pw kIe ]ZmY
fpsSbpw {kjvSmhpw ]nXmhpw kh h
kvXp--fp-sSbpw B[m-c-`q-X-\pw, Am-Zn-]-
ZmYfm Poh- P mesf apgp- h \pw
t]mjn-n-p--h-\pw, kakvX sFiz-cy-bp-
-\pw, temI-{k-jvSm-hpw, ip-kz-cq-]-\pw,
{]m]n-p-hm B{K-ln----h\pw Bb
B ]c-am-flm-hns ip-amb tNX-\-kzcq-
]s \mw [cn-p-am-dm-I-Ww. B PK-Zo-iz-
c \psS Bflm-hnepw _pn-bnepw A-
cym-an-bm-bn-cpv \s Zpcm-Nmcfn \n
pw A[- a- a mK- n \npw AIn
t{ijv T m- N mcfnepw kXy- a mK- nepw
{]hn-n-p-am-dm-Is! B Cuiz-c-s\-b-
msX asmcp hkvXp-hns\ \mw [ym\n--cp-
Xv. Fs-m At-l-t-m alm-t\m,
At-l-n\p Xpeyt\m Bcp-an-. \psS
{kjvSm-hpw, cmPm-hpw, \ymbm-[n-]-Xnbpw
Atlw Xs. \apv kI-eh - n[ kpJ
Xcp-Xpw Atlw Xs.
C{]-Imcw Kmb-{Xo-a-{-ns AYw D]-
tZ- i n- p- s Im- S p- n- v , ktym- ] m- k - \ - b psS
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
AwKfmb kv\m\w, BN-a-\w, {]mWm-bmaw
apX-em-b {Inb-I-sfmw ]Tn-n--Ww. ico-c-
ns _mlym-h-bhv ]cn-ip-nbpw
Btcm-Kyhpw Dm-p-X - p-sIm-mWv kv\m\-
n\v {]m[m\yw \In-b-Xv. AXn\p {]amWw
a\p-kvar-Xn-bn-ep-v.
v \! AZv`ncvKm-{Xm-Wn -ip-[yn
a\x ktXy\ ip[yXn
hnZym-X-t]m`ymw `qXmflm
_pncvm-t\-\- ip-[y-Xn 5
shw- s Imv ico- c - ns _mlym- h -
bhfpw kXym-Nc - W-
- m a\-pw, hnZybpw
X]kpw sImv (Fm tifpw kln-p-
sImv [aw A\p-jvTn-p--Xn-\m) Pohm-
flm-hpw, m\w sImv AXm-b-Xv, ]rYnhn
XpSn PK- Z o- i z- c hsc- b p kIe
]ZmYtfbpw hnth-Nn--dn-bp-Xp sImp
_pnbpw ]cn-ip--am-Ip-p. AXn-\m `-
W-n\p app-Xs Ipfn-W - w. cm-atXv
{]mWm-bm-a-am-Wv. AXn\p {]am-W-ambn:-
""tbmKmMvKm-\p-jvTm-\m-Z-ip-n-tb
m\-Zo-]vXncmhn-th-I-Jym-tXx'' 6
- \ - pw, 7
Fp tbmK-im-kv{X-n-se hN-\w.
{]mWm-bmaw sNp a\p-jys ico-c-nse
Aipn bn-p-Ibpw m\w {]Im-in-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. tamw e`n-p--Xp-hsc
Ahs Bfl-m\w {Ia-n hn-p-sIm-
n-cn-pw.
Zlyt [vamb-am-\m\mw [mXq\mw ln
bYm aemx XtY-{n-bm-Wmw Zly-t -tZmjmx
{]mWky \n{K-lm-Xv 8
kzWw apX-emb teml-sf Npp-]-gp-n-
m Ah-bnse amen\yw \on ip-am-Ip--
Xp-t]mse, {]mWm-bmaw sNp--hs a\kv
apX-emb C{nb-fpsS tZmj-samw \inv
\na-e-am-Ip-p. {]mWm-bma hn[n C{]-Im-c-
am-Wv.
{]cvZ-\-hn-[m-c-Wm`ymw hm {]mW-ky 9
in-]qhw On-p-tm tNmdpw shhpw
5 a\pkvarXn 5. 109
6 tbmKZi\w 2.28
(tbmKmw-Km-\p-jvTm-\m-Zi
- p-n-t- b...)
7 tbmKZi\w 2.52 (XXx- o-btX {]Im-im-hc - Wav)
8 a\pkvarXn 6.71
9 tbmKZi\w 1.34
31
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
]pd-tp t]mIp--Xp-t]mse {]mW-hm-bp-
hn-s\ in-]qhw ]pd-tp hnv BIm-hp-
{X kabw shfn-bn \ntcm-[np \np-
I. C- s\ sNp- t m aqte- { n- b s
apI`m- K - t v sXsmp BIjnp
\n- W w. C- s\bm- b m {]mW- h m- b p-
hns\ IqSp-X kabw XSpp-\np-hm
Ign-bpw. hnjaw A\p-`-h-s-Sp-tm hmbp
Aev]m-ev]-ambn Dn-tep hen-s-Sp-pI
]noSv AXns\ apn-es an Xs ]pd-
tp hnSpI A-s\ inbpw Cbpw
Dn- S - t mfw Bhn- p- I . B ka- b -
smw a\km HmwImcw P]n--Ww. C{]-
Imcw A\p-jvTn-m Bflm-hn\pw a\-n\pw
]cn-ip-nbpw nc-Xbpw e`n-pw.
{]mWm-bmaw \mep-hn-[-ap-v. Hm-a-tXv
_mly-hn-j-bw. ZoL-t\cw {]mWs\ shfn-
bn \npI FYw. cm-a-tXv B`y-
-cw. {]mWs\ Ign-bp-{X Dn-sem-Xpn
\np--Xp-sImv B`y-cw Fp ]d-bp-
p. aqm-a-tXv kvXw`-hr-n-bm-Wv. hmbp-
hns\ bYm-in kvXw`n-np \np--Xp-
sImv kvXw`-hr-n-sb-p ]d-bp-p. \mem-
a-tXv _mlym-`y-c - m-t-]n-bm-Wv. {]mW
Dn \nv ]pd-tp t]mIp-tm A-
s\ hnSmsX AXn\p hncp--ambn ]pdp
\nv AI-tp {]mWs\ hen-p-Ibpw
AI- t p hcp- t m, AI- p- \ np
XSp ]pdp \np-Ibpw sNp--XmWv
_mlym-`y-c-hn-j-bw. C-s\ ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-
-ambn {In-b-I-f-\p-jvTnv {]mWm-bmaw ioen-
m cn-sbpw KXn \nev {]mW hi-K-
am- h p- I bpw XZzmcm a\kpw C{nb- fpw
kzm[o-\-am-hp-Ibpw sNpw. _ehpw ]pcp-
jmYhpw hnv _pn XojvWhpw
kqvahpw Bhp-Ibpw kqvahpw ITn-\hp-
amb hnjb- t]mepw {]bmkw IqSmsX
{Kln-p-hm Ign-bp-Ibpw sNpw. IqSmsX
ico-n hocy-hr-n-bp-m-hp-Ibpw _ew,
]cm-{I-aw, PntX-{n-bXzw Fo KpW-
Dm-hp-Ibpw Aev]-Imew sImv kI-e-im-
kv{X-fpw ]Tnp hbvp-hm Ign-bp-I-bpw
sNpw. kv{XoIfpw C{]-Imcw tbmKm-`ymkw
sNt--Xm-Wv.
`-Ww, hkv{X-[m-c-Ww, Ccn-v, \nev]v, \S-
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
v, kwkmcw apX-emb Imcy-fpw hen-b-h-
tcmSpw sNdn-b-h-tcm-Sp-ap s]cp-am-ddw Fn-
h-sb-n th \nti- Ipn-Ip ]d-
p-sIm-Sp--Ww. {_-b--sap IqSn
]dbp ktym-]m-k-\-bpsS {Iahpw ]Tn-n-
p- s Im- S p- - W w. BN- a - \ - a mWv AXns
BZys {Inb. IWvT\ - m-f
- ns NphSp hsc
Fp-hm F{X shw thtWm A{X-am{Xw
shw--A-Xn-e-[n-I-am-hp-I-tbm, Ipd-bp-Itbm
sN-cp-Xv--ssI-sh--bn FSp-v, AXns
a[y-n Npp-I hv hen-s-Sp-mWv
BN-a\w sNt-Xv A-s\ sNbvXm
IWvT -- n-ep-- I^hpw ]nhpw sXp ian-
pw. ]ns {Inb am-P\-am-Wv. ayam (\-
Sp-hn-c) A\m-anIm (tam-Xn-c-hn-c) Fo
ssIhn-c-ep-I-fpsS Aw sImv Inepw apw
shw Xfn-p--Xn-s\-bmWvam-P\w Fp
]d-bp--Xv.am-P\w sNp--Xp-sImv Ae-
kX amdp-p. Ae-kX Cm-t- m-gpw, shw
Cs-nepwam-P\w sN-W-sa-n-.am-P\w
Ign-v a{-tm-Sp-IqSn {]mWm-bm-aw, a\km
]cn-{I-aWw 'D]-m\w' Cuiz-c-kvXp-Xn,
Cuiz-c-{]mY\ Fo {Inb-I-fpsS A\p-jvTm-
\-co-Xn-I-fpw. ]noSv a\km t]mepw ]m]w
Nnn-m-Xn-cn-phm-\p AL-aj-Whpw
ioen--Ww. Cu ktym-]m-k\ GIm---
ev GIm-{K-Nn--tm-Sp-IqSn A\p-jvTn--
Ww.
A]mw kaot] \nbtXm ss\XyIw hn[n-
am-nXx; kmhn-{Xo-a-]y-[o-boX KXzm-cWyw
kam-ln-Xx 10
Imn--hn-P-\--e-p--sN-v, kmh-[m\w
Pe-n-\-Sp-n-cp-v, GIm-{K-Nn--\m-bn, \nXy-
Iaw sNbvXv kmhn{Xn AYhm Kmb-{Xo--a{w
P]n-p-Ibpw AXns AYw Nnn-pIbpw
AX- \ p- k - c nv {]hn- p- I bpw thWw.
Fm, a\km P]n-p--XmWv Daw.
ASp A\p-jvTm\w tZh-b--am-Ip-p.
An-tlm{Xw Fp-IqSn t]cp B A\p-
jvTm\w hnZzm-m-cpsS kwkKhpw ip{iq-jbpw
sImp-thWw \nh-ln-p-hm. ktym-]m-
k-\hpw An-tlm-{Xhpw cmhn-sebpw kmbw-
k-ybvpw am{Xta sNm-hq. cm]-Iep-If - psS
10 a\pkvarXn 2.104
32
 aqmw kap-mkw
kn-thf ct Dq; thsd-bn-. Ipd--
]w Hcp aWn-q-sd-nepw [ym\-n-en-cn-t-
-Xm-Wv. tbmKn-I kam-[n-bn-en-cpp ]c-am-
flm- h ns\ [ym\n- p- - X p- t ]m- s e- b mWv
ktym-]m-k\ sNt--Xpw.
kqtcym- Z - b - n\p tij- h pw, Akv X - a - \ -
n\p app-amWv An-tlm-{X-ns ka-bw.
An-tlm{Xw sNm antem As-n
teml-n-tem, D]-cn-`mKw ]{tm ]Xn-
\mtdm AwKpew Bg-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw, ]{
tm ]Xn-\mtdm AwKpew \ofw hoXn-bn
ka-NX - p-c
- nepw A{Xbpw AwKpew, Bg-tm-
Sp-Iq-Snbpw aqtm \mtem AwKpew hoXw \ofw
hoXn-bn ka-N-Xp-c-amb ASn--tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw
Hcp thZn \nan-t--Xm-Wv. ka-N-Xp-c-amb
thZn-bpsS apI`m-K-ns \men-sem-m-bn-
cn-Ww ASn--ns hen-w. Cu tXmX-\p-
k-cnv thZn-bpsS Afhp IW-m--Ww. thZn-
bn N-\w, miv, amhv apX-emb t{ijvTh - r-
fpsS XSn-j - W- apdnv thZn-bpsS hen-
-n-\-\p-k-cnv IjW-fmbn ]Sp-p-I.
AXns ay-n An Pzen-nv AXns
apI-fn sNdnb hnd-Ip-I-jW- hbvp-I.
AXns tijw, kzWw sImtm, shn-
sImtm acwsImtm \nan Hcp t{]m-
Wo-]m-{Xw, Hcp {]Wo-Xm-]m-{Xw, Hcp BPy-m-
en, Hcp {kphw Fo tlma-]m{X-sfSp-v
{]- W oXm]m{X- nepw t{]m- W o- ] m- { X-
nepw shhpw BPy-m-en-bn Dcp-nb
s\pw \nd- p- s h- b v p- I . {]Wo- X m- ] m{Xw
shw \nd-p-sh-p--hm-\p-Xpw t{]m-Wo-
]m{Xw AXn\np ssI Igp- I p- h m- \ mbn
shw FSp-p-hm kuI-cy-n\p thn-bp-
-Xp-am-Ip-p. CsXmw Hcp-n-sh--tijw
s\v NqSp-]n-Sn-nv AXns\ \-hw ]cn-
tim-[nv
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Xmsg ]d-bp a{- sNmn tlman-
p-I
Hmw `qc-tb {]mWmb kzmlm. `phcvhm-
bthf]m\mb kzmlm. kzcm-Zn-Xymb hym\m
b kzmlm. `qcv`phx kzc-nhmbzm-Zn-tXy`yx
{]mWm-]m-\-hym-t\`yx kzmlm.
An-tlm-{X-n\p {]tXy-I-ambn hn[n--
s-n-p Cu a{-fn Hmtcm-n-t\bpw
sNmn Hmtcm BlpXn hoXw sNp-I. AXn-
e-[nIw BlpXn sN-W-sa-p-s-n
hnizm\n tZh khn-XcvZp-cn-Xm\n ]cm
kph bZv `{ZwX B kp-h 11
F a{w sImtm apsNm Kmb-{Xo-
a- { w- s Imtm tlmanp- I . ""Hmw `qx''
""{]mWx'' Fp-Xp-S - n-bp Cu \ma-sfmw
Cuiz-cs\ Ipdn-p--Xm-Wv. Ch-bpsS AYw
]d-p-I-gn-p. kzml-mbpsS AYw CXm-
Wv Ah-c-h-cpsS Adn-hn\p X hw kwkm-
cn--Ww. hn]-co-X-ambn ]mSn-. temI-n
ImWp kIe ]ZmY-tfbpw Cuiz-c
kh-{]m-Wn-I-fp-sSbpw kpJ-n-\mbn krjvSn-
-Xp-t]mse a\p-jycpw ]tcm-]-Imcw sNt-
-Xm-Wv.
tNmZyw: tlmaw sImv Fp-]-tbm-K-am-
Wp-f-fXv?
Dcw: ZpK--ap hmbphpw shhpw
tcmK-Im-c-W-am-sWpw tcmK- Pohn-Iv
Zp:Jap-fh - m-p-sapw Fm-hp-ad
- nbmw. AXp-
11 bPpcvthZw 30.3
33
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
t]mse kpK--ap hmbphpw \ Pehpw
a\p-jyv BtcmKyw \Ip-p. tcmK-an-m-
Xm-bm Zp:Jan-m-Xm-Ipw. Zp:Jan-m-Xm-bm
kpJw {]m]vX-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: N\w Bs-nepw Ac-p-]p-
c-p-hm\pw s\v Ign-m\pw sImSp-p-X - t
{]tbm-P-\-{]Zw? Xon-enp \in-n-p-Xv
_pn-bp--hp tNcp--Imcy-amtWm?
D-cw \n-v {]IrXn Xz-imkv{Xw
Adn-bm-sa-n C-s\ ]d-bp-I-bn-m-bn-cp-p.
Hcp ]ZmYhpw \in-p-t]m-Ip-n-. t\mq!
tlmaw sNp ep \np hfsc Zpsc
\np--bm-fn\v AXns kpKw e`n-p-
p. AXp-t]mse ZpK-hpw Adn-bphm Ign-
bpw. CXn\nv a\-kn-em-t--Xv, tlmam-
n- b n \nt- ] n hkv X p kqv a - a mbn
Xov \mep-]mSpw hym]n-v, hmbp-hn-eqsS
]cv ZpK--samw \in-n-p-p-sh-m-Wv.
tNmZyw A-s\bm-sW-n Ipp-a - q-hv,
IkvXq-cn, aW-ap ]pjv] - , A apX-
em-bh hon kqn-p-h-m Ah hon-
ep hmbp-hns\ kpK--bp-hpw kpJ-
{]-Z-hp-am-pInt?
D-cw Ah-bpsS kuc-`y-n\v Krlm-
`m-Ks Zpjn hmbp-hns\ ]pd-mn
ip-hm-bp-hns\ AI-tp {]th-in-n-p-
hm in-bn-. Ahbvv t`Z-I-in Cm-
-XmWv Imc-Ww. Zpjn hmbp-hn-s\bpw
ZpK--bp--amb hkvXp--sfbpw t`Znv
eLq-I-cnv ]pd-mn ]pd-p ip-hm-bp-
hns\ AI- t p {]th- i n- n- p- h m
Anp am{Xta kmaYy-ap-q.
tNmZyw Fn tlmaw sNp- t m
a{w sNmp--Xp-sImv FmWv {]tbm-
P\w?
D-cw a{mY-hym-Jym-\-n \nv
tlmaw sNp--Xp-sIm-p ^ew Fm-
sWv a\-n-em-Ip-p. IqSmsX a{-
Bhn-p-P-]n-p--Xp-sImv Ah lrZn-
-am-Ip-Ibpw thZ-fpsS A[y-b-\w, A[ym-
]-\w, kwc-Ww Fnh \S-p-Ibpw sNp-
p.
tNmZyw tlmaw sNm-Xn-cp-m ]m]w
Dtm?
D-cw Dv. Hcp-hs ico-c-n \nv
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
F{X-tmfw ZpKw Dm-bn, hmbp-hn
hym]n-v, hmbp-hn-t\bpw Pe-n-t\bpw Zpjn-
nv tcmtKm-ev]-np Imc-W-am-bn, Pohn-
Ip ZpxJ-ap-m-p-pthm A{X-tmfw
]m]w B a\p-jy-\p-v. B ]m]-ns ]cn-
lm-c-n-\v, aen-\-am-n-b-{X-tmfw hmbphpw
Pehpw ip- a m- - W w. s\v , Ign- p- -
XpsImv Ign-p--h\p am{Xta {]tbm-P-\-
ap-ffq. Hcp-h `n-p-{X s\pw kpK--
{Zhy-fpw tlman-m AXp-sImv ]c-ew
P\-v D]-Imcw Dm-hpw. Fm s\pw
ap \ ]ZmY-fpw `n-m-h - v tZl-
_-ehpw Bfl-_-ehpw Dmhp-I-bn-. AXn-
\m \ ]ZmY- Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-
Ibpw sN-Ww. ]t AXp-sImv tlmaw
sNp-Xv hf-sc-b-[nIw DNn-X-am-bn-p--Xm-
Wv. AXn-\m tlmaw sNp-Xv AXym-hiyw
Xs.
tNmZyw Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw F{X BlpXn
hoXw sNWw? Hmtcm Blp-Xn-bptSbpw
Afhv Fm-bn-cn-Ww?
D- c w Hmtcm a\p- j y\pw ]Xn- \ mdv
BlpXn hoXw tlman--Ww. Hmtcm Blp-
Xnpw Bdp am-Sn-qw s\pw addp {Zhy-
fpw thWw. AXn-e-[nIw Dm-bm hfsc
\v. Bcy-P\ - m-t{K-kc -
- mcpw al-p-f - p-amb
Ejn-am, aljn-am, cmPm--m alm-cm-Pm-
-m Fn-h-scmw hfsc tlma- \S-
p-Ibpw \S-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-Xv AXn-
\m-em-Wv. tlmaw sNp k{-Zmbw \ne-\n-
n-cp Imew hsc Bcym-hw tcmK-c-ln-
Xhpw kpJ- ] qW- h p- a m- b n- c p- p. Ctmgpw
tlma- n\v {]Nmcw Dm- I p- - X m- b m
Aw `hn-pw.
C-s\ cv b-, AYhm {_-b-
w ]Tn-w, ]Tn-n-, ktym-]m-k-
\, Cuiz- c - k v X p- X n, {]mY- \ , D]m- k - \ ,
Fnh sNp-I. cm-as tZh-b-w
An-tlm{Xw apX Aiz-ta[w hsc-bp
b- fpw hnZzm- m- c psS ip{iq- j bpw
k- h pw- - B - W p- - X v . {_- N - c ym- { i- a -
n {_-b-hpw An-tlm-{Xhpw am{Xw
A\p-jvTn-m aXn.
{_m-Wk - v{XbmWmw hcvW\ - m-ap-]\
- b- \w
Icvp-acvlX - n. cmPt\ym Zzb-ky. sshtiym
34
 aqmw kap-mkw
sshiy-ssky-th-Xn. ip{Z-a]n Ipe-Kp-W-k-
w a{-hcvPa\p-]\ - o-Xa
- [
- ym-]t- b-Zn-tXy-tI.
Cu hN\w kp{ip-Xs kq{X-m-\-n
cm-as A[ym-b-n-ep--Xm-Wv. {_m-
W\v aqp hW- sfbpw ({_m- - W ,
{Xn- b , sshiy Fo aqp hW-
tfbpw) {Xn- b \v {Xn- b - s sh- i y- m-
scbpw sshiy\v sshiys\ am{Xhpw D]-\-
b\w sNbvXp ]Tn-n-m-hp-X - m-Wv. Ipeo-\\pw
ip`-e--W--fph\p-amb iq{Zs\ a{-kw-
ln-X-sbm-gn-sI-bp kIe imkv{Xfpw ]Tn-
n-mw. Fm iq{Zs\ D]-\-bn--cp-Xv. C{]-
Imcam Wv BNm-cy-mcpsS aXw.
Am-as hb-kntem Asn Fm-
as hb-kntem BIp-n-Ifpw s]Ip-n-
Ifpw Ah-c-hp ]mT-im-e-bn tNc-Ww.
Fnv Xmsg-]-dbp \nb-a-a-\p-k-cnv A[y-
b\w Bcw-`n-t--Xm-Wv.
jSv { Xnw- i - Z m_v Z nIw Ncbyw Kpscu
ss{Xssh-ZnIw {hXw; XZcv[nIw ]mZnIw hm
{Kl-Wm-n-I-tah hm12.
Fm-as hb-kn XpSn \mev]-n-\m-
em-as hb-kp-h-sc, aqp thZ-fp-Xn
Hmtcmpw kmwtKm-]mwKw ]Tn-p-hm Hmtcm
hymg-hw hoXw ap-n-bmdp sIm-m-ew,
{_-Ncyw A\p-jvTn-t--Xm-Wv. As-n
]Xn-s\p kwh--cw AXm-bXv Fp apX
Ccp--]-mdp hb-kp-h-sc--A-Xpasn H-
Xp-sIm--m-e-sa-nepw {_-Ncyw A\p-jvTn-
-Ww. AYhm ]qW hnZym-{K-l-W-n-\m-h-
iy-amb A{Xbpw Imew {_-Ncyw A\p-jvTn-
-Ww.
1. ]pcptjm hmh bkvXky bm\n
NXpcvhnw-iXn hcvjmWn XXv{]mXx kh-\w,
NXpcvhnw-iX - y-cm Kmb{Xo Kmb{Xw {]mXx-
k-h-\w, XZky hk-thmf\zmbmx {]mWm
hmh hkh GtX loZw kcvhw hmk-bn.
2. Xt-tZ-X-kvan hbkn Inn-Zp-]-X-
t] {_qbmXv{]mWm hkh CZw ta {]mXx-
k-h\w am[y-n-\w- k-h-\-a-\p-kw-X-\p-tXXn
amlw {]mWm\mw hkq\mw at[y btm
hntem-]vko-tb-Xyp-ssh XX GXy-KtZm l
12 a\pkvarXn 3.1
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
`h-Xn.
3. AY bm\n NXp--Xzm-cnw-i-ZzcvjmWn
Xm[yn\w kh\w NXp-X - zm-cnw-iZ-
- cm
{XnjvSp]v ss{XjvSp`w am[y-n\w kh\w
XZky cp{Zm A\zmbmx {]mWm hmh cp{Zm
GtX loZw kcvhw tcmZ-b-n.
4. Xw tNtZ-X-kvan-\z-bkn Inn-Zp-]-X-
t] {_qbmXv{]mWm cp{Zm CZw ta am[y-
n\w kh\w XrXob kh\-a\p k-\p-
tXXn amlw {]mWm\mw cp{ZmWmw at[y
btm hntem- ] v k o- t b- X yp- s sh XX
GXy-KtZm l `h-Xn.
5. AY bm\y-jSv m-NX- zm-cn-iw-ZzcvjmWn XXv
Xr-Xobkh-\-a-jvSm-NXzm-cn-i-Z-cm PKXo
PmK- X w - X r- X ob kh\w XZ- k ym- Z n- X ym-
\zmbmx {]mWm hmhm-ZnXym GtX loZw
kcvh-am-Z-Z-tX.
6. Xw tNtZ-X-kvan hbkn Inn-Zp-]-X-
t] {_qbmXv{]mWm BZnXym CZw ta
XrXo-b-k-h\ ambp-c-\p-kw-X-\p-tXXn amlw
{]mWm\mam-Zn-Xym\mw at[y btm hntem
-]vko-tb-Xyp-ssh XX GXyKtZm sslh
`hXn
Cu hmIy- Omtm-tKym-]-\n-j-n-ep-
-h-bm-Ip-p 13.
{_N-cyw --I-\n-jvTw, a[y-aw, Daw Fn-
s\ aqp hn[-n-em-Wv.
1. Ah-bn I\n-jvT-amb {_-Ncyw C{]-Im-c-
am- W v . ]pcp- j AYhm A- c - k - a - b - a mb
tZlhpw B tZl- n IpSn- s Im- p
Bflmhpw b-am-Ip-p. AXm-bXv kXvKpW-
tfmSp IqSn-bXpw kXvI-hy-hp-am-Ipp
FYw. AXn-\m B ]pcp-j Xs Bbp-
kn 24 hbkp XnI-bp--Xp-hsc PntX-{n-
b\pw {_-Nm-cnbpw Bbn-cpv thZmZn hnZy-
I- t fbpw thpw h- a p in- W hpw
{Klnv hnhmlw sNbvXmepw kv{Xoe--S-\m-
ImsX Ign-bp-hm ioen-W - w. A-s\ sNp-
-bm-fns {]mW- _e-ap-h - b
- m-bn, KpW-
k-q-ambn `hn-pw.
2. hnZym-`ym-k-n\v X]kp sNp {_-
Nmcn A[ym-]I D]t-tZ-inpw ]Sn i]Yw
13 OmtymKy D]\n-jXv 3.16.1
35
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
sNbvXv {hX-sa-Sp--Ww. ""Rm Cu BZy-h-b-
kn Ap ]d-bp--Xp-t]mse {_-N-cy-a-\p-
jvTnv Fs ico-c - n\pw Bflm-hn\pw Btcm-
Kyhpw _ehpw ssIh-cpn kIe kZvKpW-
pw Ccn-n-Sa - m-Ipw. Fs {_-Nc - y-n\v
tem]w hcm--hn-[-n \n- \n-fpsS
kpJ-sf hn-n-p-sIm-p-I. 24 hbkp
XnI--Xn\p tijw hnhmlw sNbvXv Krl-
m-{iaw kzoI-cn-p--Xm-bm tcmK-c-ln-X-
\m- b n- c n- m- s apw Bbpv Fgp- ] tXm
F]tXm sIm-tmfw \op \np-sa-
p-Xpw {]kn--am-W-tm.
3. a[y-a{- _-N - cyw C{]-Im-ca- m-Wv GsXmcp
a\p-jy 44 hbp Ign-bp--Xp-hsc {_-Nm-
cn-bm-bn-cppw sImv thZm-[ym-b\w sNp-
pthm Ahs {]mW- \ pw, C{nb- fpw,
Ax-I-c-W-hpw, Bflmhpw Fmw ]pjvSn
{]m]n-v, ZpjvSsc Ic-bn-n-p-Xpw injvSsc
]cn-]m-en-p--hbpw BIpw.
4. \n- ]d-bpw-hw Cu {]Y-a-h-b-kn
Rm Ipdv X]-k-\p-jvTn-m cp{Z-cq-]-amb
{]mW-t\m-Sp-Iq-Snb {_-Ncyw F\nv ssIh-
cpw. AXn-\m Atbm {_-Nm-cn-I-tf, {_-
N-cys hn-n-p-I. Fs Ncybvp `wKw
hcp-msX b-kz-cq-]-\mbn BNm-cy-Ip-e-
n\np aS- n- h v tcmK- c - l n- X - \ mbn
hn-p-am-dm-I-Ww. Fs-tmse \ Iaw
\n-fpw sNbvI.
5. aqm-as Da {_-Nc - y-ns Imew
48 kwh--c-am-Wv. PKXo F Okv 48
Ac-fp-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse \mep hymg-
hw bYm-hn[n {_-Ncyw A\p-jvTn-p--bm-
fns {]mW A\p-Iq-e-ambn kIe hnZym-{K-
lWw km[y-am-p-p.
6. Kpcp--mcpw amXm-]n-Xm--m-cpw, X-
fpsS injy-mcpw km\-fpw hnZzm-mcpw
KpW-hm-m-cp-am-I---hw Ahsc {]Y-a-h-
b-n X]-kzn-I-fm-p-Ibpw {_-Ncyw A\p-
jvTn-m D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw sN-s. injy-
mcpw km\-fpw apSw Cm {_-
Ncyw A\p-jvTnv aqm-as D-a-{_--N-
cy-{h-Xs apgp-an-nv ]qW-am-b--A-Xm-bXv
400 sIms Bbp--kn-s\ {]m]n--s. \n-
fpw A-s\ Bbp-ns\ hnn-p-sIm-
p-I. {_-N-cy-{hXw ssIsm-v, AXn\v
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
tem]w hcp-msX cn-p--h tcmK-an-
msX Pohnv [amY-I-atam- t\Sp-
p.
NXkvt{Xmf-hmx ico-cky hrncv-bu-
h \w kqcvWXm InnXv ]cn-lm-Wn-t-
Xn. Btjm-Ui - m-Zv hrnx. B ]-hnwi-tXcv-
bu-h-\w. BN-Xzm-cnw-iXx kqcvWXm XXx
Inn-Xv]c - n-lm-Wn-t-Xn. ]-hnwti XtXm
hcvtj ]pam \mcoXp tjmUti ka-Xzm-
KX hocyu Xu Pm\o-bmXv Ipitem `nj-
Iv. 14
Ch kp{ip-X - nse kq{X-m-\ - n ap-
-m-a-ym-b-n-ep--h-bm-Wv. Cu ico-c-
n\v \mev Ah--I-fp--Xn BZy-tXv
hrn BIp-p. ]Xn-\m-dm-as hbkp apX
Ccp-]--m-as hbkp hsc ico-c-nse
[mXp--sfmw hfsb {]m]n-p-sIm-n-cn-
p-p. cm-as Ah buh\-am-Wv.
AXv Ccp]-n-bmw hb-kns Ah-km-\-
ntam Ccp-]-n-bmdmw hbkns XpS--
ntem Bcw- ` n- p- p. aqm- a s Ah-
sb kqWX Fp ]d-bp-p. buh-\m-
cw-`-tm-Sp-IqSn XpS-p ico-c-]pjvSn ]qW-
am-Ip-Xv 40 hbkp XnI-bp-tm-gm-Wv. \mem-
as Ah--bmWv Inn ]cnlmWn
Fp ]d-bp-X - v. AXv \mev]X- m-as hbkp
XnI-bp--tXm-Sp-IqSn XpS-p-p. kIe [mXp-
fpw kmwtKm-]mwKw ]qW-h-f {]m]n-p-
I-gn-m ]no-Sp-m-Ip hf ico-c-
n \np-I-bn-. B hf ([m-Xp-hr-n)
kz]v \ w, tkzZw Fnh hgn ]pd- t p
t]mhp-Itb Dq. B \mev]Xmw hb-kmWv
hnhm-l-n\v D-a-Im-ew. \mev]-smw hb-
m-Is AXyp-a Ime-hp-am-Wv.
tNmZyw {_Ncys kw_-n Cu
\nbaw kv{XoIpw ]pcp-j-mpw Hcp-
t]mse _m[-I-amtWm?
Dcw: A. ]pcp-j 25 hbkp hsc {_-
Ncyw ]men-p--Xm-bm kv{Xo 16 hbkp
hscbpw ]pcp-j 30 hb-kp-hs - c-sb-n kv{Xo
17 hb-kp-h-scbpw ]pcp-j 36 hb-p-h-sc-bm-
14 kp{ip-X-kq-{X-m\w 35/25 Ctm e_v[-amb
kq{X-m-\-]mTw `n-am-Wv. kp{ip-Xs Hcp hr-
]m-Thpw Dm-bn-cpp hr-kp-{ip-Xs At\I ]mT-
{]mNo\ {K--fn DZv[r-X-am-Wv.
36
 aqmw kap-mkw
sW-n kv{Xo 18 hbkp hscbpw ]pcp-j
40 hbkp hsc-bm-sW-n kv{Xo 20 hbp
hscbpw ]pcp-j 44 hbkp hsc-bm-sW-n
kv{Xo 22 hb-kp-h-scbpw ]pcp-j 48 hb-kp-
h-sc-bm-sW-n kv{Xo 24 hb-kp-h-scbpw
{_-Ncyw ]men--Ww. 48 hbp Ign-m
]ns ]pcp- j \pw 24 Ign- m ]ns
kv{Xobpw {_-Ncyw A\p-jvTn-t-s-
Yw. Fm Cu ]d \nbaw hnhmlw
sNp-hm Dt-in--p kv{Xo]p-cp-j-mp-
-Xm-Wv. hnhmlw sNm B{K-l-an-m--
h, Ign-bp-sa-n BPo-h-\mw {_-Ncyw
]men- p- Xv \- X p- X - s - b mWv Fm
]qW-ssh-Zp-jyhpw PntX-{n-b-Xzhpw \na-e-
amb tbmK-kn-nbpw D kv{Xo]p-cp-j - mp
am{Xta CXp km[n-q. Imam-th-is ASn
C{nb-sf \nb-{np \np-Xv AXn
Zpjv-c-am-Wv.
EXw N kzm[ym-b-{]-h-N-t\ -N.
kXyw N kzm[ym-b-{]hNt\ N.
X]-ivN kzm[ym-b-{]-h-N-t\- N.
Za kzm[ymb {]h-N-t\ -N.
ia-- kzm-[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ N.
A-b kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ N.
An-tlm-{X kzm[ymb {]h-Nt\ N.
AXn-Y-b kzm[ymb{]hNt\ N.
am\pjw N kzm[ym-b- {]-h-Nt\ N.
{]Pm N kzm[ym-b-{]-h-Nt\ N.
{]P-\ kzm[ym-b-{]-hNt\ N.
{]Pm-Xn kzm[ymb{]h-Nt\ N.
Cu hmIy- ssX-co-tbm-]-\n-j-n-ep-
- h - b m- W v 15. A[y- b \w sNp- - h pw
A[ym- ] \w sNp- - h p- a p \nba-
fmWn-h. (E-Xw) A[y-b\ - hpw A[ym-]\
bYmY-amb BNm-c-tm-Sp-IqSn sNt--Xm-
Wv. (k-Xyw) kXy-am-N-cn-p-sImv kXy-hn-Zy-
I- f - ` y- k n- p- I bpw A`y- k n- n- p- I bpw
sNtXmWv . (X- ] x) X]- k zn- b m- b n- c pv
([am-\p-jvTm\w sNbvXp-sIm-v) thZmZn-im-
kv{X ]Tn-p-I. ]Tn-n-pI (Z-ax) _mtly-
{nb-sf Zpcm-Nmc-fn \nv \ntcm-[np
\nn-smp ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
sNp-I. (i-ax) Nn-hr-n-Isf kI-e-hn-[-
tZmj-fn \npw Zpco-I-cnv ]Tn-p-I, ]Tn-
15 ssXcob D]\n-jXv inm-hn A\p. 9.1
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
n-p-I. (A--bx) Bl-h-\n-bmZn An-I-
tfbpw an apX-em-b-h-tbbpw Adnv hnZy-
I A`y- k n- p- I bpw A`y- k n- n- p- I bpw
sNWw (A- n- t lm- { Xw) An- t lm{Xw
sNbvXp-sImvv ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
sN-Ww. (A-Xn-Y-bx) AXn-Yn-Isf k-cn-
p-sImv ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bpw sN-
Ww. (am- \ p- j w) a\p- j yp tbmKy- a mb
euInI hyh-lm-c-sf bYm-hn[n \nh-ln-
p-sImv ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sN-
Ww. ({]-Pm) km\-sfbpw cmPy-tbpw
]cn-]m-en-p-sImv ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-
Ibpw sN-Ww. ({]-P-\x) hocys cn-p-
Ibpw hn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sImv ]Tn-
p-I, ]Tn-n-p-I. ({]-Pm-Xnx) kzk-m\-
tfbpw injy- h K- t bpw ]cn- ] m- e n- p-
sImv ]Tn-bpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNt--
Xm-Wv.
bam tk-thX kXXav
\ \nb-am tIh-em _p[x 16
bam ]-X-Xy-IpcvhmtWm
\nb-am tIh-em `P. 17
X{Xm-lnw-km-k-Xym-kvtX-b-
{_--N-cym-]-cn-{K-lm -b-amx. 18
baw Ap hn[-am-Wv. (A-lnw-k) Hcp Pohn-
tbmSpw sshc-an-m-Xn-cn-p-I. (k-Xyw) Nn-
bnepw hmnepw Ia-nepw kXys ]men-
p-I. (B-kvtX-bw) a\km hmNm IaWm
Ifhp Imm-Xn-cn-p-I. ({_--N-cyw) D]-t-
{nb kwb-aw, (A-]-cn-{K-lw) AXym-{K-lhpw
XtsXv A`n-am-\-hp-an-m-Xn-cn-pI Fo
Av ba-sf kZm A\p-jvTn--Ww.
iuN-k-tm-j-X-]x-kzm-[ym-tb-izc{]Wn-[m-
- hpw
\m\n \nbamx 19 (iu-Nw) ipNnXzw (k-tm-
jw) {]k--X-tbmsS sXmgn-sem-p-an-m-sX-
bn-cn-p--X, Ign-bp-{X ]cn-{i-anv em`-
\jvS - fpm-Ip-tm B\-n-p-Itbm ZpxJn-
p-Itbm sNm-Xn-cn-p-XmWv ktm-jw.
(X-]x) IjvS-spw [manI Ia-f\p-jvTn-
p-I. (kzm-[ym-bw) ]Tn-bpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
16 a\p-kvar-Xn-
""\ \nXyw \nb-am _p[x'' Fp ]mTw
17 a\p-kvar-Xn-4.204
18 tbmK-Zi\w2.30
19 tbmK-Zi\w2.32
37
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
sNp-I, (Cu-iz-c-{]-Wn-[m-\w) Cuiz-c-t\m-
Sp `n-hn-ti-j-m kzbw Cuiz-c-k-
aWw sNbvI Fo AmWv \nba-.
ba-fnmsX \nb-a- A\p-jvTn--cp-Xv.
ba \nb-a- cn-t\bpw A\p-jvTn--Ww.
ba-sf XyPnv \nba- am{Xw A\p-jvTn-
p--h\v A`yp-Z-b-a-, At[m-K-Xn-bm-Wp-m-
hp-I.
Imam-flXm \ {]ikvXm \
ssNth-lm-kvXy-Im-aXm;
Imtaym ln thZm-[n-Kax
Icva-tbm-K sshZn-Ix 20
henb AXym-{K-lhpw Xosc \jvIm-a-Xbpw
Bpw t{ijvTa -
- . ipta \njvIm-a\ - m-bm
thZm-Zn-I-fpsS A[y-b-\hpw sshZnI kXvIa-
fpsS A\p-jvTm-\hpw \S-msX hcpw. AXn-
\m
kzm[ym-tb\ {hssXcvtlmssa
kvss{Xhn-tZy-t\-Py-bm -kpssXx
alm-bss bss
{_mobw {InbtX X\px. 21
(kzm-[ym-tb-\) kIe hnZy-Ifpw ]Tn-p-
Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI. ({h-ssXx) {_-
Ncyw kXy`m- j Ww XpS- nb \nba-
]men-p-I. (tlm-ssax) An-tlm{Xw apX-
emb tlma- sNp-I. kXys ssIsm-
p-I, Ak-Xys XyPn-p-I, kXy-hn-Zym-
Zm\w (ss{X-hn-tZy-\) thZ-{]-Xn-]m-Zn-X-amb
Itam-]m-k-\, m\w, hnZym-{K-lWw (C-Py-
bm) ]w-tXmdpw sNt CjvSn apX-em-
bh sNpI (kp-ssXx) k-m-t\m-Xv]m-Z\w
(a-lm-b-ssx) {_-bw tZh-b-w,
]nXr-bw sshiz-tZhw AXn-Yn-]qP Fo
]- a - l m- b - sf A\p- j v T n- p- I . (b-
ssx) An-jvtSmaw XpS-nb A[zc-fpw
inev]-hn-Zym-hn-m\w apX-emb b-fpw
\S-p-I. Fo Ia-sfsmv \psS
icocw {_mn--A-Yhm thZ-n-sbpw Cuiz-
c-`-n-bp-sSbpw B[m-c-amb {_m-W-i-co-c-
ambn `hn-p-p. C-d-h apgp-h-\p-an-msX
{_m-W-i-cocw kw`-hy-a-.
C{n-bmWmw hnN-cXmw hnj-tbjz]-lm-
20 a\pkvarXn 2.2
21 a\pkvarXn 2.28
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
cnjp kwbta bXv \ - a m- X njv t T ZznZzm
bth hmPn-\mw. 22 (a-\pkvarXn) a\-kn-
t\bpw Bflm-hn-t\bpw ZpjvIrXy-fntev
sImp-t]m-Ip hnjb-fn hnN-cn-p
C{nb-sf kaY-\mb kmcYn IpXn-c-Isf
]nSnp \np-X - p-t]m-se, \nebvp \np-
-Xn\v Fm {]bXv\-fpw sN-Ww. Fs-
m
C{n-bmWmw {]kw-tK\ tZmj-ar--Xy-kw-
ibw knb-ay Xp Xmt\yh XXx -knnw
\nb--Xn 23 (a-\pkvarXn) Pohm-flmhv C{nb-
v ASn-a-s-p-t]m-bm \n-b-ambpw
alm-tZmj-sf {]m]n-pw. C{nb-sf kzh-
i-K-am-n-bm am{Xta Pohm-flmhv knnsb
{]m]n-p-I-bp-q.
thZm- k v X ym- K bm \nb- a m
X]mw-knN, \ hn-{]-Zp-jvS-`m-h-ky- kn-nw- K-
-n- Icvln-Nn-Xv. 24 Zpcm-Nm-cnbpw C{nb-
fpsS ASn-abpw Bb-h\v thZ-, XymKw,
bw, \nb-aw, X]-kv, kXvIa- Ch-
sbmpw Hcn-epw knn-p-I-bn-.
thtZm-]-I-ctW ssNh kzm[ymtb ssNh
ss\XytI \m\p-tcmt[mfkvXy\-[ym-tb- tlm-
a-a-t{jp ssNh ln. ss\XytI \mkvXy-\-
[ymtbm {_-k{Xw ln XXv kvarXw; {_m-
lp-Xn-lpXw ]pWy-a-\-[ymb hj-SvIrXw 25
(a-\pkvarXn) thZ- A`y-kn-p-Ibpw A`y-
kn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I, ktym-]m-k\ XpS-
nb ]-a-lm-b- A\p-jvTn-p-I,
tlma- a {- D- c n- pI Fn- h bv v
apSw (H-gn-hv--A-h-[n) B{K-ln--cp-Xv. Fs-
m \nXy-Ia-v Ah-[n-bn-. izmtkm-
zmk- Fm- b v t ]mgpw sNp- p- v .
AXns\ XS-p-\np-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-.
AXp-t]mse Xs \nXy-Ia-pw apSw
]mSn-. Fs-m, apS-Z- n-hk-fn An-
tlm{Xw XpS-nb kXvIa- sNbvXm
AXv ]pWy- a mbn ]cn- W - a n- m- X n- c n- n- .
AkXyw ]d- m ]m]hpw kXyw ]d-
m ]pWyhpw Fm-bvt]mgpw Dm-Ip--
22 a\pkvarXn 2.88
23 a\pkvarXn 2.93
24 a\pkvarXn 2.97
25 a\pkvarXn 2.105-106
38
 aqmw kap-mkw
Xp-t]mse Xs ZpjvIrXy- sNp--Xn\v
Fm-bvt]mgpw apS-hpw kXvIa- apS--
an-msX A\p-jvTn-t--Xp-am-Wv.
A`n-hm-Z-\-io-eky \nXyw hrtm-]-tk-
hn\x; NXzm-cn- Xky hcvt BbphnZym
btim _ew 26 (a-\pkvarXn) hn\-b-ap
s]cp-am-w, hnZym-hr--msc ip{iq-jn-pI
Fo kz`mh- fp- h \v Bbp- k v , hnZy,
Ion, _ew Fo \mepw kZm hn-p-
sImn-cn-pw. Am-h - \v Ah \mepw hn-
p-I-bn-.
Alnw-k-ssbh `qXm\mw Imcyw t{itbm-
f\p-im-k\w; hmIv ssNh a[p-cm-vWm
{]tbmPym [cva-an-Xm bky hmMva-\tk 27
ipt kayp]v-t-X N kcvhZm k ssh kcv-
h-a-hm-]vt\mXn thZm-tm-]-KXw ^ew. 28
(a-\pkvarXn) hnZzm-mcpw hnZymYn-Ifpw sshc-
_p-nsb XyPn-v, kI-epw awK-f-I-c-amb
amK- D]-tZ-in--Ww. A-s\ D]t-Z-in-
p- Xv kuay- a mbpw a[p- c - a mbpw Bbn-
cnWw. [a-ns DXn B{K-ln-p--
h kZm kXy-]-Y-n Ncn-p-Ibpw kXyw
am{Xw D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw sNWw. iphpw
kpc-n-X-hp-amb hmpw a\kpw D-h
thZm- - s - - A - Y hm thZ- fpsS- s bmw
knm--`q-X-amb ^e-s--{]m-]n-p-p.
km-\mZv {_mtWm \nXy-ap-Zzn-tPX
hnjm-Znh Aar-X-tkyh NmImMvt-Z-h-am-
\ky kcvh-Zm. 29 A\y-m-cn\np e`n-
p _lp-am-\s kZm hnj-Xpeyw `b-
s-Sp-Ibpw A]-am-\s Aar-X-Xpeyw Icp-Xp-
Ibpw sNp {_m-W am{Xta Cuiz-c-
s\bpw thZ-sfbpw ]qW-ambn Adn-bp-I-
bp-q.
At\\ {Ia- t bm- t K\ kwkv I r- X mflm
ZznPx iss\x; Kpcu- h - k kwNn- \ p- b mZv
{_m-[n-K-anIw X]x. 30 C-s\ D]-\-bnv
ZznP-\m-nb _vNm-cn-bmb Ipam-c\pw {_-
Nm-cn-Wn-bmb I\y-Ibpw thZmY-m-\-cq-]-
26 a\pkvarXn 2.121
27 a\p-kvar-Xn-bn hmMva-\kn FmWv ]mTw
28 a\p-kvar-Xn 2.159 & 160
29 a\p-kvar-Xn 2.162
30 a\p-kvar-Xn 2.164
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
amb D-a-X-]-ns\ {ItaW BPnv hn-
n--Ww.
tbmf\-[oXy ZzntPm thZ-a-\y{X IpcptX
{iaw k Poh- t h ip{Z- X z- a mip KXn
km\zbx 31 thZm[y-b\w sNmsX CXc
hnjb-fn ]cn-{iaw \S-p ]pcp-j
Xs ]p{X-]u-{X-m-tcmSp IqSn iq{Z-Xzs
io{Lw {]m]n-p--Xm-Wv.
1. hcv P - t b- [pamwk Kw ameyw
ckm kv{Xnbx ipm-\n- bm\n kcvhmWn
{]mWn\mw ssNh lnwk\av
2. A`y-MvK-a-RvP\w NmvtWm-cp-]m-\--
{X-[-mc-Ww, Imaw t{Im[w N tem-`wN \cv
\w KoX-hm-Z\av
3. ZyqXw N P\-hmZw N ]cn-hmZw XYmf\r
Xav kv{XoWmw N t{]Wm-ew-`-ap-]-LmXw
]cky N.
4. GIx iboX kh{X \ tcXx kvI-
tbXv Iz-NnXv, Imamn kvI-btctXm
ln\kvXn {hX-am-fl-\x 32
1. {_-Nm-cnbpw {_-Nm-cn-Wnbpw aZyw,
amwkw,. kpK--{Zhy-, ame, ck-
kv{Xo]p-cp-j-kw-K-aw, ]pfn-bp hkvXp-,
Pp-lnw-k,
2) Xncp-, Imc-W-an-msX D]t-{n-b-
kv]i-\w, Is-gp-v, sNcp-v, IpS, Imaw,
t{Im[w, tem`w, tamlw, `bw, timIw,
Cujy, tZzjw, \rw, kwKo- X w, hmZy-
tLmjw
3) NqXp-I-fn, ]c-Zq-j-Ww, ]c-`m-j-Ww, Ak-
Xy-`m-jW - w, kv{Xo]p-cp-j
- m-cpsS ]c-kv]c
- a
- p
Zi- \ - k v ] i\- , ]c- ] oU apX- e mb
ZpjvIa-, Fn-h-sbmw XyPn--Ww.
4) GIm-In-bmbn Xs InS-pd-Ww. Hcn-
epw ips kvJen-np If-b-cp-Xv. Imaw
\nanw hocys kvJen-n-p--h, If-
bp--h Xs {_-N-cy-{h-Xs \inn-p-
s--dn-b-Ww.
thZ-a\q-Nym-Nm-tcymf-t-hm-kn-\-a-\pim
kvXn. kXyw hZ. [cvaw Nc. kzm[ym-bmm
31 a\p-kvar-Xn 2.168
32 a\p-kvar-Xn 2.180
39
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
{]aZx. BNm-cymb {]nbw [\-am-lrXy {]Pm-
Xpw am hy-h-tXvkox kXym {]aZn
Xhyw. [cvam {]a-Zn-Xhyw. Ipi-em {]a-
Zn-X-hyw. `qssXy \ {]a-Zn-X-hyw. kzm[ymb
{]h-N-\m`ymw \ {]a-Zn-Xhyw. tZh-]n-Xr-Im-
cym`ymw \ {]a-Zn-Xhyw.
amXr-tZ-thm- `h ]nXr-tZ-thm- `h BNm-cy-
tZ-thm- `h AXnYn tZthm `h bm\y-\h
IcvamWn Xm\n tkhnX hym\n t\m CX-
cmWn, bm\y-kvamIw kpN-cn-Xm\n Xm\n
Xztbm-]m-kym\n t\m CX-cm-Wn. tb tI
Nmkv a tbmwtkm {_m- W m- k v t Xjmw
Xzbm-k-t\\ {]iz-kn-Xhyw, {ibm tZbw
A{i-bm tZbw. {inbm tZbw, {lnbm tZbw,
`nbm tZbw, kwhnZm tZbw, AY bZn tX
Ia-hn-Nn-Inm hm hr-hn-Nn-Inm hm
kymXv. tb X{X {_mWmx kaZcvint\m
bpm Abpm Aeqm [cva-Imamx kyp
cyYm tX X{X hcvt-c. XYm X{X hcvt
Ymx Gj BtZi (Gj D]-tZi) Gjm
thtZm]\n-j-Xv. GX-Z\p-im-k-\w. Gh-ap-]m-
kn-Xhyw Gh-ap-ssN-X-Zp-]mkyw. 33
BNm-cy Xs At-hm-kn-I-fmb injy-
mpw injy-Ipw--\tI D]-tZ-i-am-
Wn-Xv Fmbvt]mgpw kXyw ]d-bp-I. [aw
BN-cn-p-I. Z-Nn--\m-bn-cpv A[y-\hpw
A[ym-b-]-\hpw sNpI. ]qW-amb {_-N-
cy- t m- S p- I qSn kI- e - h n- Z y- I fpw A`y- k nv
BNm-cy\v CjvS-amb [\w D]-lmcw \In-
bn-v, hnhmlw sNbvXv km-t\m]m-Z\w \S-
pI. {]amZw (A-{i-) sImv Hcn-epw
kXys XyPn--cp-Xv. {]am-Z-m [as
Dt]-n--cp-Xv. {]am-Z-m Btcm-Kyhpw
NmXp-cyhpw ssIhn-S-cp-Xv. D-a-amb sFizcyw
hn-n-p--Xnepw {]amZw hc-cp-Xv. {]am-Zw-
sImv A[y-b-\m-[ym-]\-sf Hcn-epw
XyPn--cp-Xv. tZh-m-cpsS (hn-Zzm-m-cp-sS)bpw
amXm-]n-Xm--m-cp-sSbpw ip{iq-j-bn {]amZw
hc-cp-Xv. hnZzm-msc Bcm-[n-p--Xp-t]mse
Xs A-\--am-tcbpw Kpcp-hn-t\bpw AXn-
Yn-tbbpw Fm-bvt]mgpw ]qPn-p-I. \ntj-[-
an-m-Xpw [a-bp--hp-amb kXvIa-
sNp-I. hn]-co-X-amb anYym-kw-`m-jWfpw
33 ssXcob D]\n-jXv inm-hn 11.1-4
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
apw sN-cp-Xv. R-fn kXvkz-`mh-fp-
hsb kzoI-cn-p-I. Zpxkz-`mh-sf Hcn-epw
kzoI-cn--cp-Xv. R-fpsS Iq-n-ep hnZzm-
mcpw [an-jvT-cp-amb hn{]-t{i-jvT-m-cpsS
ASp- sNn-cn-p-Ibpw Ahsc hniz-kn-
p-Ibpw sNp-I. {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn Zm\w sImSp-
-Ww. A{i--tbm-Sp-IqSn Zm\w sN-Ww. apJ-
- Z- ym\n {]-kmZ-tm-Sp-IqSn sImSp--Ww. e-tbm-Sp-
IqSn sImSp--Ww. `b-tm-Sp-IqSn sImSp--
Ww. {]Xn--tbm-Sp-IqSnbpw sImSp--Ww. \n-
v Ftm-sg-nepw Ia-n-tem, BNm-c-
n-tem, D]m-k-\-bn-tem, hnm-\-ntem
h kwi-b-hpw-D-m-bm ka-Zin-Ifpw ]-
]m-X-c-ln-X-cpw, tbmKn-I-tfm, Atbm-Kn-Itfm
Bbn-p-h - cpw B{Z-Nn-cpw [am-flm-fpw
[an- j vSTcp- a m- b - h kzoI- c n- p
[aamKs Ah- e w- _ n- p- s Im- - W w.
CXmWv B, CXmWv D]-tZ-iw, CXp-X-s-
bmWv thZ-ns D]-\n-j-v, CXp-X-s-
bmWv in-W-hpw, CXp-X-s-bmWv s]cp-am-
34 kwln-X-bpw. Ah-\-hs s]cp-am-s
ipo-I-cnp-hm-\p amK-hpw.
AIm-aky {Inbm ImNnZv ZriytX t\l
Icvln-NnXv. bZyn IpcptX InnXv XXv
Imaky tNjvSn-Xav. 35
\njv I m- a - \ mb ]pcp- j s t\{X- v
ktm-N-hn-Imk- Dm-hpI Akw-`m-hy-
am-Wv. AXn-\m Bsc-nepw Fs-nepw
{]hn-p-p-s-n AsXmw kIm-a-
amb (C--tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b) tNjvS-I-fm-Wv. C-bn-
msX {]hr-n-bn-.
BNmc ]ctam [cvax {ipXypx kvamcv
Gh N. Xkvam-Z-kvan\vkZm bptm \n
Xyw kymZm-fl-hm ZznPx. BNm-cmZzn-NyptXm
hnt{]m \ thZ-^-e-a-iv\ptX, BNm-tc-W Xp
kwbpx kqcvW-^-e-`m-Kv `-th-Xv 36
]d-bpI, tIp-I, ]d-p-tIn-p-I,
]Tn-n-p-I, CXn-s-sbmw ^ew thZ-fnepw
thZm-\p-Iq-e-amb kvarXn-I-fnepw {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-
p-, [a-sf BN-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. AXn-\m
34 thZ-ns D]-\n-jXv = thZ-ns ASp-p-
\np e`n-p m\w
35 a\pkvarXn 2.4
36 a\p-kvar-Xn 1.108 109
40
 aqmw kap-mkw
[am- \ p- j v S m- \ - n kZm Xev ] - c - \ m- b n- c n-
Ww. 2) [as bYm-hn[n A\p-jvTn-m-
-h\v thZ-{ ]-X n-] m-Z nX [a-n \np
mIp kpJ^ew e`y-a-. hnZym-`ymkw
Ignv [am-N-cWw sNp--h-\t{X kq
kpJs {]m]n-p--Xv.
tbmf-h-a-t\yX tX aqte tlXp-im-kv{Xm-
{i-bmZv ZznPx. k km[p-`ncv_-ln-jvImtcym
\mkvXntIm thZ-\n--Ix 37
thZ-tfbpw, thZm-\p-Iq-e-fpw B]vX-]p-
cp-j-m Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-amb imkv{X-tfbpw
\nnp \mkvXn-I-m-cmb thZ-\n--Isc
\mn \npw, PmXn-bn \npw Iq-n
\npw ]pdw-X-f-f-Ww. Fs-m
{ipXnx 38 kvarXnx kZm-Nmcx kzky N
{]nb- a m- fl - \ x GX- - X pcv h n[w {]mlpx
kmm aky e-Wav 39
thZw, kvarXn--th-Zm\p-km-cnbpw B]vX-c-Nn-
X-hp-amb a\p-kvarXn apX-emb imkv{X-,
\-hc - psS BNmc-, k\m-X\-, AYhm
thZ-fn Cuizcm-\p-im-k\w sNbvX Ia-
, Bflmhn\v {]nb-ambB-flmhv Fns\
B{K-ln-p-pthm AXv, kXy-`m-j-WmZn-I
Cu \mepw [a-ns eW-fmIp-p.
[am-[a-sf Xocp-am-\n-p--Xn-\p Af-
hp- t Im Ch- b m- W v . ]- ] mXw IqSmsX
\ymbw, kXyw, Fnh kzoI-cn-v, Ak-Xys
XyPn-p--Xt{X icn-bmb [aw. CXn\v hncp-
-ambn ]-]m-X-tm-Sp-IqSn A\ym-bw, Ak-
Xyw, Fn-hsb kzoI-cnv kXy-\o-Xn-Isf
XyPn-p-Xv A[a-hp-am-Wv.
AcvY-Im-ta-jz-k-m\mw [cva-m\w
hn[o-btX [cva-Pn-m-k-am-\m\mw {]amWw
]caw {ipXnx 40
AY-n\pw (kzWw, cXv\- apX-em-
b-h) Ima-n\pw (kv{Xo tkh apX-em-b-h)
ASn-as - -Sm-h - \p am{Xta [a-m\w Dm-
Ip-p-q. [a-m\w Cn-p--h thZ-
n \nv AXns\ \nW-bn--Ww. Fs-
37 a\p-kvar-Xn 2.11
38 a\p-kvar-Xn-bn thZx Fp ]mTw
39 a\p-kvar-Xn 2.12
40 a\p-kvarXn 2.13.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
m [am-[a-sf thZ-n\n-p-am-{Xta
icn-bmbn \nivN-bn-p-hm Ign-bq.
BNm-cy Xs injy-mv C-s\ D]-
tZiw \I- W w. hnti- j nv cmPm- - m,
ap {Xn-b-m, sshiy-m, D-a-cmb
iq{Z-m Fn-h-tcbpw hnZym-`ymkw sNn-
-Ww. Fs-m, {_m-W am{Xw hnZym-
`ymkw sNp-Ibpw {Xn-bcpw apw hnZym-
`ymkw shSn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXm hnZy, [aw,
cmPyw, [\w apX-em-b-h-sbmpw Hcn-epw
A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-I-bn-. {_m-W am{Xw ]Tn-
p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-pIbpw sNbvXm Ahv
{Xn-bm-Zn-I-fn \nv D]-Po-h-\-amKw t\Sn
Poh-k - m-cWw sNm-sa-nepw {_m-W A-
s\ D]-Po-h-\-n\v ASn-a-s-v, {Xn-bm-
Zn-Isf thpw hw imknp inn-m-Xn-
cp-m {_m-W-cpssS kI-ecpw A[a-
n s]p-t]m-Ipw. {Xn-bm-Zn-Ipw hnZym-
`ymkw e`nm {_m-Wcpw hnZym-`ymkw
sNp--Xnepw [am-\p-jvTm-\-nepw A[nIw
PmK-cq-I-cm-Ipw. IqSmsX hnZzm-m-cmb {Xn-
bm-Zn-If
- psS apn hymPhpw Im]-Syhpw ImWn-
p-hm {_m-Wp km[n-p-I-bp-an-.
{Xn-bcpw apw Adnhpw ]Tn-pw Cm--h-
cm-bm {_m-W XnjvSw sNp-Ibpw
sNn-p-Ibpw sNpw. t{ib-p-m-IW - sav
{_m- W B{K- l n- p- p- s - n Ah
{Xn-bm-Zn-I-sfbpw ]Wn-spXs thZmZn
imkv{X-f`y-kn-n-W - w. hnZy, [aw, cmPyw,
k-v, Fn-hsb hn-n-p-Xv {Xn-
bm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. Ah Hcn-epw `nm-hr-n-m-
c-. AXn-\m Ah hnZym-`ym-k-hn-j-b-n
kzbw {i-bp--h-c-. hnZym-`ym-k-n\pw
inWn\pw kh{X {]Nmcw knn-m
hymPhpw A[ahpw \nd Im]Sy-sf
Bpw {]N-cn-n-p-hm km[n-p-I-bn-.
{Xn-bm-Zn-Isf [aw, \ymbw Fn-h-bpsS
hgn-bn-eqsS k-cn-n-p-Xv {_m-W-cpw,
k\ym-kn-am-cp-am-sW-pw, {_m-W, k\ym-
kn- a m Fn- h sc \ymb- a mb amK- n
{]hn-n-p-Xv {Xn-bm-Zn-If - pamsWpw
CXn \np knn-p-p. AXn-\m kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-t`Zw IqSmsX Fhn-sSbpw hnZym-`ym-kw,
[aw Fn-hsb AXym-h-iy-ambpw {]N-cn-n-
-Ww.
41
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv
hnjb-sf \-hw ]co-np t\mn-b-
Xn-\p-tijw thWw. ]co Ap-hn-[-ap-v.
Hm-at- -Xv Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-kz-`mh-
pw thZ- pw A\p- I q- e - a m- b -
sXmw kXyhpw Am--sXmw Ak-Xy-
hp-am-Wv.
cm-a-t-Xv krjvSn-{I-a-n-\-\p-Iq-e-am-
b-sXmw kXyhpw hncp--am-b-sXmw Ak-
Xyhpw BIp- p. amXm- ] n- X m- - m- c psS
kwtbmKw IqSmsX ]p{X P\np Fp ]d-
bp-Xv krjvSn-{I-a-n\p hncp--am-I-bm
Ak-Xy-am-bn-cnpw FXv DZm-l-c-Ww.
aqm-a-t-Xv B]vX-m-cpsS A-Xm-bXv
[man-I-m-cpw, hnZzm-mcpw kX-y-hm-Zn-Ifpw
\njvI] - S-
- m-cp-am-bh
- c
- p-sS {]hr-n-Ipw
D]- t Zi- pw A\p- I q- e - a m- b - s Xmw
{Kmlyhpw AXn\p hncp- - a m- b - s Xmw
XymPy-hp-am-Wv.
\me-at- -Xv Ah-\h - s Adn-hn-\pw, a\x-
km-npw \nc-p-Xp am{Xta A\p-jvTn-
m-hq. Ah-\-h\v kpJw CjvShpw, ZpxJw
A\n-jvS-hp-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse ap--
hpw kpJw CjvShpw, ZpxJw A\n-jvS-hp-
am-Wv.
Am-at- -Xv {]Xy-w, A\p-am-\w, D]-
am-\w, i_vZw, sFXn-lyw, AYm-]-n,
kw`hw, A`mhw Fo Fv {]amW-fmWv
{]Xy-m-Zn-{]-amW-fpsS eWw ]d-bp-,
Xmsg-sIm-Sp-p kq{X- \ymb-Zi-\-
ns Hpw cpw A[ymb-fnte-Xm-Wv.
C{n-bmcvY-k-n-IcvtjmXv]w m\-a-
hy-]t- Z-iy-ah - y-`n-Nmcn hyh-km-bm-flIw {]Xy
av (\ym-bZi\w. A[ymbw 1. BnIw 1.
kq{Xw 4.)
Hm-a-t-Xv {]Xyw
sNhn, Xzv, Iv, \mv, aqv Fo C{nb-
v i_vZw, kv]iw, cq]w ckw, Kw
Fo ]ZmY-tfmSv Ahy-h-ln-X-amb Bh-
c-W-c-ln-X-amb _hpw C{nb-v a\-
kn- t \mSpw a\- k n\v Bflm- h n- t \m- S p- a p
kwtbm- K hpw Dm- I p- t m P\n- p
m\s {]Xyw Fp ]d- b p- p.
Fm B m\w hy]- t Ziyw AYhm
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
kwbv pw kwnpw Xn- e p- mb
_-n \np-f-hm-bXv BI-cp-Xv. Hcp-h
asm-cp-h-t\mSv "'shw sImp-hcq'' Fp
]d-bp-p. Ah shw sImp-hv Acn-
Ip hv, "'CXm -shw'' Fp ]d-bp-p.
ChnsS shw F c- c- fS- nb
kwsb shw sImp-h--h\pw AXv
Bh-iy-s--h\pw Imam Ign-bp-I-bn-.
shw F ]Zw GsXmcp hkv X p- h ns
t]cmtWm B hkvXp-hns {]Xy-Pv-Rm\-
amWv Dm-Ip--Xv. i_vZ-P-\y-amb m\w
i_vZ-{]-am-W-n\v hnj-b-am-Wv. {]Xyw
Ahy-`n-Nm-cn-bp-am-bn-cn--Ww. Hcp-h cm{Xn-k-
a-bv Hcp ac-pn Iv a\p-jy-\m-sWp
\n-bn-p. ]noSv ]Ik-a-bp hopw
AXp I-tm cm{Xn Ah-\p-mb ac-pn
a\p- j y\m sWp {`aw \in- p- t ]m- b n.
AsXmcp ac-p-n-bm-sW m\w Xs
hopw Dm-bn. C-s\ \in-p-t]m-Ip
PvRm-\-s-bmWv hy`n-Nmcn Fp ]d-bp--
Xv. A{]-Im-c-ap m\hpw {]Xy--a-.
{]Xyw hyh-km-bm-fl-I-am-bn-cn--Ww. Hcp-
h AIse \np- s Imv Hcp ]pg- b nse
aWn--I-v, ""AhnsS app-W-m hncn-
n-cn-tbm? AtXm shw sIn \np-
Itbm! As-n thsd h-Xptam?'' Fp
tNmZn- p- p. AXp- t ]m- s e- X s AIse
\np ]pcp-j-s\--v, "" Ah tZh-Z-
t\m b-Z - t\m'' Fp kwi-bn-p-p.
Ch \nn-X-am-Ip--Xp-hsc {]Xy--m-\-
a Ahy-]-tZ-iy-hpw, Ahy-`n-Nm-cnbpw \n-bm-
fl-I-hp-amb m\w am{Xta {]Xy--sa
t]cn\v Al-am-Ip-p-q.
cm-a-tXv A\p-am-\-am-Wv.
AY XXv]qcvhIw {Xnhn-[-a-\p-am\w
]qcvh-h-tjh-Xv km-am-\ytXm ZrjvS
(\ym-b.1.1.5) {]Xy-] -- qh-I-amb m\amWv
A\p-am-\w. GsX-nepw e-p-hv Ftm-
sg-nepw ]qW-amb Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\tbm
As-n AXns Hcp `mK-ttbm {]Xy-
-ambn I-dn Hcp-h, Imem--c-n
asmcp e-p-hv B ]qW]-ZmY-ns
kl-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cn-p Hcp `mKw Ip-ap-p-
tm AZr-iy-amb Ah-b-hn-bpsS m\w
Abmp-m-Ip-p. AXn-s\-bmWv A\p-
42
 aqmw kap-mkw
am\w Fp ]d-bp--Xv. ]p{Xs\ ImWp-tm
Ah\v ]n-Xm-hp-s-pw, ae-ap-I-fn ]pI
ImWp-tm AhnsS Xobp-s-pw, temI-
nse kpJZpxJ- ImWp-tm ]qh-
Pw Dspw Adn- b p- Xv A\p- a m\w
sImm-Wv. A\p-am\w aqp {]Im-c-n-ep-v.
1 ]qh-h-Xv
ImtaLw ImWptm ag-bp-m-Ip-sa-pw,
hnhmlw Inv kmt\mev]n Dm-Ip-
sa-pw, hnZymYnsb Inv Ah\v hnZym-em`w
Dm-Ip-sapw \n-bn-p-Xv A\p-am-\-m-
em-Wv. C-s\ Imc-W-n \npw Imcy-
ns m\w Dm-Ip-n-S-smw ""]qh-
hXv'' F A\p-am\w _m[-I-am-Wv.
2 tij-h-Xv
Imcyw Inv Imc-W - ns m\w Dm-
Ip--XmWv tij-h-Z-\p-am-\w. ]pg-bn sh-
smw Inv D]-cn-`m-K-p-mb ag-tb-bpw,
]p{Xs\ Iv ]nXm-hn-s\-bpw, temI-krjvSn
Inv AXn\v A\m- Z n- b mb Imc- W hpw
Im-hmb Cuiz-c-\p-ap-s-pw, kpJ-ZpxJ-
Inv ]pWy-]m]- Dm-bn-cn-p-
sapw A\p-am-\n-p--Xns\ tij-h-Z-\p-am\w
Fp ]d-bp-p.
3 kam-\ytXm ZrjvSw
Imcy-Im-c-W-`mhw Cm cp ]ZmY-
v ]c- k v ] - c - a p GsX- n- e p- s amcp
km[ays am{Xw Bkv]-Z-amn A\p-am-
\n-p--Xn\v "kma-\y-tXm-ZrjvSw' Fp ]d-
bp-p. \S-pI F {Inb IqSmsX Hcn-S-p-
\nv asm- c n- S - t v Hcp- h \v Fp- h m
km[n-p-I-bn-. AXp-t]m-se-X-s, ap--
hpw Hcn-S-p-\np asm-cn-S-s-p-hm
\S-msX Ign-bp-I-bn F-\p-am-\n-p--
Xns\ kmam-\y-tXm-ZrjvSw Fp ]d-bp-p.
A\p-am-\-ns AYw ""A\p AcvYmXv
{]Xy-ky ]m-o-btX mbtX tb\
XZ-\p-am\w'' {]Xy--m-\-n\p tijw
Dm- I p m\w [qa- ns {]Xy- -
m\w IqSmsX A{]-Xy--amb Ansb
A\p-am-\n-p-hm km[y-a--tm.
aqm-a-tXv D]-am-\-am-Ip-p.
{]kn--km-[cvaym-m-[y-km-[-\-ap-]-am-\w.
(\ymb. 1.1.6) apv {]Xy--ambn Adn
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
]ZmY-ns km[ayw sImp]pXp-Xmbn
Adn-tb hkvXp-hns m\-ap-m-p
{]am-W-amWv D]-am-\w. ""D]-ao-btX tb\ XZp-
]-am-\w-'' Hcp-h Hcp `rXy-t\mSv "'\o hnjvWp-
an-{Xs\ hnfn-p-sIm-phm'' Fp ]d-p.
Atm `rXy, ""Rm Abmsf Hcn-epw
In-n-tm'' Fp adp-]Sn ]d-t- m ""Cu
\np tZh- Z - - s \- t m- s e- b mWv B
hnjvWp-an-{X'' Fv bP-am-\ hni-Zo-I-cn-p.
Abm sNv tZh-Z--s\-tm-sem-cp-hs\
Iv, ""Cbm-fmWv hnjvWp-an-{X'' Fp \n-
bnv Abm-sf Iqn-sm-p-h-p. \oe-mf
Fp t] ]d-bp arKw ]ip-hn-s\-tm-se-
bpXmsWp tI-dn-hp--bm Imn ]ip-
hn-s\-tm-se-bp Hcp arKs ImWp-Ibpw
""CXmWv \oe-mf'' Fp Xocp-am-\n-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ccw kmZr-iy-PvRm-\-amWv D]-am-
\w.
\mem-a-tXv i_vZ-{]-am-W-am-Ip-p.
B]vtXm-]-tZix i_vZx. (\ym-b. 1.1.7) ]cn-
]qW- ] m- W v U nXyw knn- , [am- fl mhpw
]tcm-]-Im-cn-bpw, kXy-hm-Znbpw ]ucp-j-ap--
h\pw C{nb-sf Iog-S-n-b-h\pw X\np
knn Adn-hn-t\bpw kpJw e`n hgn-I-
tfbpw ap--hp a\-kn-em-n-sm-Sp--W-
sa-p B{K-la - p-h
- \pw a\p-jy-cp-sS-sbmw
t{ib-n-\mbn ]rYn-hn-sXmv Cuiz-c hsc-
bpff kIe ]ZmY- fpsSbpw m\w
km-Zn-v, D]-tZi- \Ip--h-\p-amb
alm-]p-cp-j-\mWv B]vX. B]vX -- mcpsS D]-
tZi-fpw kqW B]v-X-\mb Cuiz-c
D]t-Z-in thZ-fpamWv i_vZ-{]-am-Ww.
Am-a-tXv sFXn-ly-am-Ip-p.
\ NXp-jvSv-hssa-Xn-lymcvYm-]-n-kw-`-hm-
`mhm {]mamWymXv. (\ym-b. 2.2.1) CXn l F-
Xn\v CXv C{]-Imcw Bbn-cpp FYw.
Ah A{]-Im-c-samw {]hnp Fp ]d-
bp {]amWw, AXm-bXv Hcp-hs Poh-N-cn-
{X-amWv sFXn-lyw.
Bdm-a-tXv AYm-]-n-bm-Ip-p.
""AcvYmZm-]-ZytX km AcvYm-]-nx. tI\-
Nn-Zp-NytX: kXvkpLt\jp hrjvSnx kXn
ImctW Imcyw `h-XoXn Ina{X {]k-Py-tX.
AkXv k p Lt\jp hrjv S nckXn Imc-
43
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
tW(N) Imcyw \ `hXn'' Hcm CX-c-t\mSp
]d-bp-p."taL- D-tm ag Dm-Ipp.
ImcWw Dm-Ip-tm Imcyw Dm-Ipp.''
CXn \nv thsdmcp kwK-Xn, FSp-p-]-d-
bmsX Xs a\-kn-em-Ip-p-v. taL-an-s-
n ag-bp-m-hn-s-pw, ImcWw IqSmsX Hcn-
epw Imcyw Dm-hn-s-p-am-W-Xv. CXns\
AYm-]n Fp ]dbp-p.
Ggm-a-tXv kw`-h-am-Ip-p.
""kw`-hXn bkvan k kw`hx'' ""A-\-
-am-cn-msX km-\-ap-m-bn. Atlw acn-
-hs\ Pohn-np. ae-sb-Spp s]mn-p. IS-
en-\p-aotX Icn-p ]Sp-p, N{s\ apdnp
IjWw Ij-W-am-n--f-p. Cuiz-c Ah-
X-cn-p. a\p-jy\v sImp-ap-f
- p, Hcp hy-bpsS
aI asmcp hy-bpsS aIsf thfn Ign-p.''
Fpw apw ]d-m Ah-sbmw Akw-`m-
hy-am-sWv Xo-s-Sp-mw. Fs-m Cu
]d- - s Xmw krjv S n- { I- a - n\v hncp-
fmWv. krjvSn-{I-a-n\p hncp--a-m--
Xns\ kw`-h-sap ]d-bp-p.
Fm-a-tXv A`m-h-am-Ip-p.
""\ `hXn bkvan tkmf`mhx'' Hcp-h
asm-cp-ht- \m-Sv, ""B\sb sImp hcnI'' Fp
]d-bp-p. AhnsS B\-bn-sp I Abm
B\ Dm-bn-cp-n-Sp sNv B\sb sIm
p-h-p. 41 Ch-bmWv Fp {]amW-. Ch-
bn i_vZ-{]-am-W-n sFXn-lyhpw A\p-
am-\-n AYm-]-n, kw`-hw, A`mhw
Fn-hbpw A`-hn-p--Xmbn K-Wn-m
\mep {]amW- am{Xta tijn-p-I-bp-
q. C-d Ap-hn-[-n-ep ]co--
I-sf-smv a\pjy kXym-kXy-sf
\n- b n- p- h m i- \ mbn `hn- p- p.
kXym-kXy-sf \nW-bn-p-hm ap amK-
sam-p-an-.
[cva-hn-ti-j-{]-kq-XmZv {Zhy-Kp-W-Icva-km-
am-\y-hn-tijka-hm-bm\mw ]ZmYm\mw (km
[cvay-ssh-[cvaym`ymw) Xzm\m-nx-t{i-
b-kav. (ssh.1.1.4) a\p-jy [as bYm
tbmKyw A\p-jvTn-m ]hn-{X-\m-Ip-Ibpw
km[ayssh[ay--fpsSA-Xm-bXv ]rYnhn
PU-amWv, Pehpw PU-amWv PUXzw ]rYn-
41 B\ Cm-n-Sv B\-bpsS A`mhw Dv
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
hnbv pw Pe- n- \ p- a p kam- \ - [ a- a mWv
Cs\ km[ay-n-sbpw ]rYnhn ISp---ap-
Xpw Pew arZp-hp-am-Wv. ISp-hpw am-hhpw
bYm-{Iaw ]rYn-hn-bnepw Pe-n-ep-ap `n-
[a-fmWv Fn-s\ ssh[ay-n-sbpw
m\w Dm-bn. {Zhyw, KpWw, Iaw, kmam-
\yw, hnti-jw, ka-hmbw Fo Bdp ]ZmY-
- f psS Xz- m\w Dmbn XZzmcm
tamw {]m]n-pp.
]rYn-hym-]k
- vtX-tPm-hm-bp-cm-Imiw Imtem
ZnKmflm a\ CXn {ZhymWn (ssh. 1.1.5) ]rYn-
hn, Pew tXP-kv, hmbp BIm-iw, Imew, Znv,
Bflm-hv, a\kv Fo HXp ]ZmY--fmWv
{Zhy-.
{Inbm-Kp-W-h--am-hm-bn-Im-c-W-anXn {Zhy-
e--Wav (ssh 1.1.15) ""{Inbm KpWm
hnZyt bkv a nw- k v X Xv {Inbm- K p- W - h Xv ''
GsXmcp ]ZmY-n {Inb, KpWw, Fnh
cptam As-n KpWw am{Xtam Dsp
ImWp-pthm AXns\ {Zhy-sap ]d-bp-p.
ap]-d HXp {Zhy--fn ]rYn-hn, Pew,
tXP- k v , hmbp, a\- k v , Bflmhv Fo
Bdnepw {Inbbpw KpWhpw Dv. BIm-iw,
Znv Fn-h-bn {Inb C; KpWw Dv.
""ka-thXpw ioew bky XXv ka-hmbn
{]mKvhr-nXzw ImcWw ka-hmbn NX-XvIm-
cWw N ka-hmbn Imc-Ww, eytX tb\
X-Ww''. Hnp tNn-cn-p kz`m-h-
ap--Xns\ ka-hmbn Fpw, Imcyw Dm-Ip-
-Xn\p app--Xns\ ImcWw Fpw Ip-
sImp cq]w I-dn-bp--Xp-t]m-se, eyw
GXp-sImv Adn-bs - -Sp-pthm AXns\ e-
W-sapw ]d-bp-p.
cq]-c-k-K--kv]cvi-hXo ]rYn-ho. (ssh.
2.1.1)cq]w, ckw, Kw, kv]iw Fn-h-bp
]ZmY-amWv ]rYn-hn. An, Pew, hmbp Fn-
h-bpsS kwtbmKw sImmWv ]rYn-hn-bn
cq]w, ckw, kv]iw Fo KpW- Dm-
Ip--Xv.
hyhnXx ]rYnhymw Kx (ssh. 2.2.2)
Kw F KpWw ]rYn-hn-bn kzm`m-hn-
I-am-bp--Xm-Wv. AXp-t]m-se, Pe-n ck-
hpw, tXP-kn cq]hpw hmbp-hn kv]ihpw
BIm-i-n i_vZhpw kzm`m-hnI KpW--
44
 aqmw kap-mkw
fm-Wv.
cq]-c-k-kv]cvi-hXy Bt]m {Zhmx kv\n
Kv[mx. (ssh. A. 2 . 1. 2) cq]w, ckw, kv]iw
Fo KpW--fp-Xpw {Zhhpw kv\nKv-hp-
am-bn-p {Zhy-s-bmWv Pew Fp ]d-bp-
-Xv. Pe-ns kzm`m-hnI KpWw ck-am-Wv.
cq]w kv]iw Fo KpW- An-bp-sSbpw
hmbp-hn-sbpw kwtbmKw sImp-m-Ip--
h-bm-Wv.
A]vkp ioXXm (ssh. 2.2.5) Pe-n
ioXXzw (Ip-fna) F KpWhpw IqSn kzm`m-
hn-I-am-bvp--Xm-Ip-p.
tXtPm cq]-kv]i-hXv (ssh. 2.1.3) cq]w
kv]iw Fo KpW--tfmSp IqSn-b-XmWv
tXP-kv. tXP-kns kzm`m-hn-I-Kpaw cq]-am-Ip-
p. kv]iw hmbp-hns kw sImp-
m-Ip--Xm-Wv.
kv]cvi-hm hmbpx (ssh. 2.1.4) kv]i-
KpWw am{X-ap--XmWv hmbp. kv]i-n\v
NqSpw Ipfnabpw Dm-Ip-Xv tXP-kn-tbpw
Pe-n-tbpw kwtbmKw sImm-Ip-p.
X BImti \ hnZy-t. (ssh. 2.1.5) cq]w,
ckw, Kw, kv]iw, Fo KpW--sfmpw
BIm-i-n C. BIm-i-n-ep KpWw
i_vZw am{X-am-Ip-p.
\njv { I- a Ww {]th- i - \ - a n- X ym- I m- i ky
enwKav (ssh. 2.1.20) \njv{I-aWw _ln`m-K-
tv Ka\w, {]th-i\wA`m-K-tv
BK-a\w Fo cp {Inb-I D {Zhy-amWv
BIm-iw.
Imcym-c - m-{]m-Zpcv`m-hm i_vZx-kv]cvih - -
Xm-aK
- pWx (ssh. 2.1.25) ]rYnhn apX-emb Imcy-
-fn \nv i_vZw {]I-S-am-Im-bvI-bm
i_vZw, kv]i-Kp-Wa - p `qan apX-em-bh - b- psS
KpW-a-. {]XypX BIm-i-ns KpW-am-Ip-
p.
A]-c-kvan--]cw bpK-]-ncw n{]-anXn
Ime-enw-Km\n (ssh. 2.2.6) A]cw (]n-o-Sv)
]cw (ap-v) bpK-]Xv (H-tc-k-a-bw) Nncw (hn-
fw-_w) n{]w (th-Kw) apX-emb {]tbm-K-
GsXm- n- e p- m- I p- p- t hm, AXmWv
Imew.
\ntXyjz-`m-hm-Z\ - n-tXyjp `mhm-Xv Im-ctW
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Imem-tJy-Xn. (ssh. 2.2.9) \nXy-h-kvXp--fn
Cm-Xp sImpw A\n-Xy-h-kvXp--fn
am{Xw D-Xp-sImpw Imc-W-n Xs-
bmWv Ime-kw-.
CX CZ-anXn bXkv-X-niyw enwKav. (ssh.
2.2.10) Ing-v, sXv, ]Sn-m-dv, hS-v, apI,
Xmsg Fo hn[-n hyh-l-cn-p--XmWv
Znv.
BZn-Xy-kw-tbm-KmZv `qX-]qcvhmZv `hn-jy
tXm `qXm {]mNo (ssh. 2.2.14) BZn-Xys
kwtbmKw GsXmcp Znn-emtWm {XnIm-e--
fnepw Hm- a - X mbn Dm- I p- Xv AXns\
Ingv Fpw BZn- X y Akv X - a n- p
Znns\ ]Sn-mdv Fpw ]d-bp-p. Ing-
tmp t\mn-\np Bfns he-Xp-`mKw
sXpw CS-p-`mKw hSpw BIp-p.
GtX\ ZnK- - c m- e m\n hymJym- X m\n
(ssh. 2.2.16) Ing-n\pw sXn\pw a[y-n
BKv-t\bo Znpw sXn\pw ]Sn-m-dn\pw
a[y-n ss\cv-EXo Znpw ]Sn-mdv hSv
Fn-h-bpsS a[y-n hmb-ho-Zn-pw, hS-
n\pw Ing-n\pw CS-bn sFim-\-Zn-p-am-
Wv.
Cm-tZz-j-{]-b-Xv\-kp-J-Zpx-J-m-\m-\ym-
flt\m enMvK-an-Xn. (\ym-b. 1.1.10) C. tZzjw,
{]b-Xv\w, (]p-cp-jmYw), kpJw, ZpxJw, Adnhv
Fo KpW- D- X m- W v , Pohm- fl m- h v .
sshti-jn-I-Zi-\-n hnti-jm- ]d-n-
cn-p--Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
{]mWm-f]m-\\ - n-ta-tjm-tj Poh-\a- t- \m-K-
Xo-{n-bm-cv hnImcmx kpJ-, ZpxtJmtZzj-
{]-b-Xv\m-m-flt\m enMvKm\n (ssh. 3.2.4)
({]m-W) hmbp-hns\ AI-p-\np ]pd-tp
Xp-I, (A-]m-\) ]pd-p-\nv AI-tv
hmbp-hns\ hen-s-Sp-p-I 42, (\n-ta-j) I-
S-p-I, (D-t-j) Ip-an-gn-p-I, (Po-h-\)
{]mW-[m-cWw sNp-I, (a-\x) a\-\w, Nn,
Adnhv (K-Xn) btYjvSw Ncn-pI (C{n-b)
42 {]mW, A]m-\ Fnh bmYm-{Iaw hmbp-hns\
Dn-te-s-Sp-p-I. ]pd-tp hnSpI Fn-h-bm-
sW anYym-t_m[w s]mXp-hm-bp-v. apJ-\m-kn-
Im`ymw _lncvn-c - hm-bpx-{]mWx AcvK - - ]
- m-
\x. hmbnepw aqnepw IqSn ]pd-tp hnSp hmbp
{]mW\pw AI-t-s-Sp-p-Xv A]m-\\ - p-am-sWv
kmb-W AYhth-Z-`m-jy-n (18. 2.46)
45
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
C{n- b - sf hnj- b - - f n {]hn- nv
Ahsb {Kln-p-I, (A-hn-Im-c) hni-v,
Zmlw, ]\n, thZ\ apX-emb hnIm-c--fp-m-
hp-I, kpJZpx-J - , Cm-tZz-j - , {]bXv\w
Fnh Bflm- h ns enMv K - AYhm
Bflm-hns KpW-Ia--fm-Ipp.
bpK-]-Pv-m-\m-\pX-v]-ncva-\-tkm- en-
MvKav (\ym. 1.1.16) Htc kabw cp ]ZmY-
sf {Kln-p-hm in-bn-m--Xns\ a\-
sp ]d-bp-p. C{]-Imcw {Zhy--fpsS kzcq-
]hpw eWhpw ]d-p. C\n KpW- ]d-
bmw.
cq]-c-k-K--kv]cvimx kwJymx:--]-cn-am-
Wm\n ]rYzw kwtbm-K-hn-`msKu ]c-Xzm-
f-]-ctXz _pbx kpJ ZpxtJ Cm-tZzju
{]b-Xv\m KpWmx (ssh. 1.1.6) cq]w, ckw,
Kw, kv]iw, kwJy, ]cn-am-Ww, ]rY-zw,
kwtbm-Kw, hn`m-Kw, ]c-Xzw, A]-c-Xzw, _pn,
kpJw, ZpxJw, C, tZzjw, {]b-Xv\w, (Kp-cpXzw
43
, {Zh-Xzw, kvt\lw, kwkvIm-cw, [aw,
A[aw, i_vZw) Fn-s\ Ccp-]-n-\mep
KpW--fm-Ip-p.
{Zhym-{i-K - p-Wh- mkw-tbm-Kh - n-`m-tKjz-Im-c-
W-a\ - t- ] CXn KpW-e - W - av (ssh. 1.2.16)
{Zhys B{i-bn-p-Ibpw A\y-Kp-W-sf
[mcWw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, kwtbmK hn`m-
K--fn Imc-W-am-Im-Xpw ]c-kv]-cm-t]
IqSmsX hn-p--Xp-amWv KpWw.
t{imt{Xm-]-e-_v[ncv _pncv\ncv{Kmlyx
{]tbmtKWm-f`n-Pz-enX BIm-i-tZix i_vZx
(a-lm-`m-jyw) 43 sNhn-sImv {]m]n-m-hp-
-Xpw, _pn-bm {Kln-m-hp-Xpw {]tbm-
K- m {]Im- i n- p- - X pw, BIm- i - n
hn-p--Xp-amWv i_vZw.
Ip-sImv {Kln-p KpW-amWv cq]w.
\mp-sImv Adn-bp a[p-cm-Zn-t`-Z--fmWv
ckw. aqp-sImv Adn-bp KpW-amWv Kw.
Xzp-sImv {Kln-p-Xv kv]i-am-Wv. Hv,
43 {]b-Xv\-n-\p-tijw "N' F-Xp-sImv KpcpXzw,
{ZhXzw kwkvImcw AZrjvSw ([am-[a-) i_vZw
Fn-hsb `mjy-Im-c Fp-p. As\ 17+7=24
(N i_vZ kap-n-Xm KpcpXz {ZhXz kvt\l
kwkvIm-cm-Zr-jSv i
- _vZmx k]vssX-th-tXyhw NXpcvhnw-
iXn KpWmx ({]-ik - vX]
- m-Z`
- mtjy Dt-i{- ]-Ic
- W
- a
- v)
44 alm-`mjyw 1.1.1
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
cv Fn-s\ Fp--XmWv kwJy. L\w
Ipd-X - v, L\w IqSn-bXv Fo m\-n\p
Imc-W-amb KpW-amWv ]cn-am-Ww 45. At\ym
\yw AI-n-cn-p-Xv ]rYIvXz-hpw, ]c-kv]cw
IqSn-tn-cn-p-Xv kwtbm-Khpw Hn-n-cn-
p-h th]n-cn-bp-Xv hn`m-Khpw BIp-p.
""AXn\nv CXv ]c-amWv'' FXv ]c-Xz-
hpw. ""CXv AXn \nv A]-c-amWv'' FXv
A]- c - X zhpw BIp- p. \bpw Xnbpw
thXn- c n- - d n- b p- Xv _pn- b m- W v . B\- -
ns ]cym-b-amWv kpJw. tiw FXv
ZpxJ-am-Wv. Cbvv B{K-ls - apw tZzj-n\v
hntcm-[-sa-p-am-WYw. hnhn[ ]pcp-jmY-b-
Xv \ - {]b- X v \ hpw BIp- p. KpcpXzw
L\hpw {ZhXzw Hgppw BIp-p. {]oXn-
sbpw kv\nKvX - s - b-p-amWv kvt\l-ns
AYw. asm-ns kwtbmKw sImp-m-
Ip hmk-\-bmWv kwkvIm-cw. \ymbm-N-c-
Whpw ITn-\-Xzm-Zn-I-fp-amWv [aw. A\ym-bm-
N-c-Whpw ITn-\-Xz-n\p hncp--amb tIma-
fXzw apX-em-bhpw A[a-am-Wv. Cs\ Ccp-
]-n-\mep KpW--fm-Wp--Xv.
DXvt-]W - a - h
- t- -]W - am-Ip-\w {]km-
cWw Ka\anXn IcvamWn (ssh. 1.1.7) DXvt-
]-Ww--ap-I-fn-te-p Ne\w Ah-t-]-Ww
Xmtgm-p Ne\w BIp-\w ktm-Nn-p-
I, {]km-cWw ]c-pI Ka-\w t]mhpI hcnI
Np-n-n-cn-bpI apX-emb {Inb-I, Cs\
Ap- h n- [ - n- e mWv Ia- . C\n Ia-
ns eWw ]d-bmw.
GI-{Z-hy-aK - pWw kwtbm-Kh - n-`m-tK-jz-\t- ]-
-Im-cW anXn Icva-e--Wav (ssh. 1.1.11)
Hcp {Zhys B{i-bn-n-cn-p--Xpw, KpW-c-
ln-X-amb kwtbm-K-hn-`m-K--fn At]-m-
c-ln-X-amb Imc-Whp-am-bn-p--XmWv Iaw.
As-n sNp-Xv Iaw Fpw eWw
]d-bmw.
{Zhy-Kp-W-IcvaWmw {Zhyw-Im-cWw kmam-
\yav (ssh. 1.1.18) KpWw, Iaw Fn-hb - psS
Imc-W{- Z-hy-amb Imcy-{Z-hy-ns\ kmam-\y-{Zhyw
Fp ]d-bp-p.
45 ChnsS ""Af-hv, AWp, al-v, \of-ap-X-v,
Cm-Xv F-n-Xym-Zn-Ipw ImcWw ]cn-amWw
Fp htc--Xm-Wv. L\-p-dhpw
IqSp-Xepw Kpcp-Xzs kw_-n-p--Xm-Wtm
46
 aqmw kap-mkw
{ZhymWmw {Zhyw Imcyw kmam- \ yav
(ssh.1.1.23) Imcy-Xz-m Fm Imcy-f - nepw
kmam-\y-ambncnp-Xv {Zhy--fpsS Imcy-{Z-
hy-am-Ip-p.
{Zhy-Xzw, KpW-Xzw, IcvaXzw N kmam-
\ym(\n) hnti-jm (ssh. 1.2.5) {Zhy--fn
{Zhy-Xzhpw KpW--fn KpW-Xzhpw Ia--
fn Ia-Xz-hpw-k-am\ysfpw hnti-j--
sfp ]d-bp-p. {ZhyXzw {Zhyfn kmam-
\y-am-Wv. KpW-Xzw, IaXzw Fn-h-bn \np
{ZhyXzw hnti-j-hp-am-Ip-p. Cs\ kh{X
Adn-p-sIm--Ww.
kmam\yw hntij CXn _py-t]-av
(ssh. 1.2.3) kmam\yw hntijw Fnh
_pnsb At]-nv kn-am-Ip-p. a\p-jy-
cn kmam-\y-am-bn-p-Xv a\p-jy-Xz-am-Wv. arK-
Xzm-Zn-Isf At]-nv AXv hnti-j-am-Ip-p.
a\p-jy-cn kv{XoXzw, ]pcp-j-Xzw, {_m-W-
Xzw, {Xn-b-Xzw, sshiyXzw, iq{ZXzw, Fo
[asfmw hntijfmIp- p. {_m-
WXzw {_m-W-cn kmam-\yhpw {Xnbm-
Zn- I sf At]- nv hnti- j hpw BIp- p.
Cs\ Fm-bn-Spw Adn-bp-I.
Ctl-Z-anXn bXx- Im-cy-Im-c-Wtbmx (k)
ka-hmbx (ssh. 7.2.26) Imcy-Im-c-W-
AXm-bXv Ah-bhpw Ah-b-hn-bpw, {Inb-bpw
Imhpw, KpW-hpw KpWn-bpw, PmXn-bpw
hynbpw Fn-hbvp Xn-ep _w
\nXy-am-Ip-p. B \nXy-_--amWv ka-hm-bw.
ap ]ZmY-v ]c-kv]-c-ap _w (kw-
tbm-K-_-w) A\n-Xy-_w BIp-p.
{Zhy- K p- W tbmx kPm- X o- b bmcw- ` - I Xzw
km[cvay-av. (hm. 1.1.9) kam-\-Pm-Xo-b--fmb
{Zhy- K p- W - sf Dev]m- Z n- n- p- - X n\v
km[ayw Fp ]d-bp-p. ]rYn-hn-bn PU-
Xzw, IpSw, apX-em-b-h-bpsS Dev]m-Z-I-Xzhpw
kzk-Zr-i-[a--fm-Wv. Pe-n PU-Xzhpw
kPm-Xo-b-amb lna-ns Dev]m-Z-I-Xzhpw
Dv. AXn-\m ]rYn-hnp Pe-n-t\mSpw Pe-
n\v ]rYn-hn-tbmSpw km[ayw Dv. Cu
]d km[ay-e-Ww sImv ""{Zhy-Kp-W-
tbmcvhn-Pm-Xo-bm-cw-`-IXzw ssh[cvayw'' F
ssh[ay-e-Ww IqSn ]d-tb--Xmbn hcp-
p. {Zhy-Kp-W--fn-ep hncp--[a--fp-
sSbpw hnPm-Xo-b-Im-cy--fp-sSbpw Dev]m-Z-I-Xz-
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
amWv ssh[ayw. ]rYn-hn-bn-ep ImTn-\yw,
ipjvI-X, K-hXzw Fo [a- Pe-n-
ep ImTn-\yw, am-hw, ck-hXzw Fo
[afn \np hncpfmI- b m
ssh[ay--fm-Wv.
Imc- W - ` m- hmXv Imcy- ` mhx (ssh. 4.1.3)
ImcWw Ds-nte Imcyw Dm-hq.
\ Xp Imcym-`m-hmXv Imc-Wm-`mhx (ssh.
1.2.2.) Imcyw Dm-bn-n-m-bvI-bm ImcWw
Csp hcp--X-.
Imc- W m-- f `m- h mXv Imcym--f `mhx (ssh.
1.2.1)ImcWw Cs-n Imcyw Hcn-epw Dm-
hp-I-bn-.
Imc-W-Kp-W-]qcvh-Ix-Im-cy-KptWm ZrjvSx
(ssh. 2.1.24) Imc-W-n ImWp KpW-
am{Xta Imcy-nepw ImWp-Ib - p-q. ]cn-amWw
cp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p.
AWp al-ZnXn Xkvan hnti-j-`m-hm-Zzn-
ti-jm-`m-hm (ssh. 7.1.11) AWp (kq-vaw)
alXv (h-ep-Xv) Fns\ ]cn-amWw cp-
hn-[w. {Xk-tcWp Ipn-tb-m sNdpXpw
hr-t-m hep-Xp-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]m-se-
Xs ]hXw `qan-tb-m sNdpXpw hr-
t-m hepXpw BWv.
kZnXn btXm {Zhy- K p- W - I cv a kp km
km (ssh. 1.2..7) ""kXv{Z-hyw, kZvKp-Wx,
kXvIcvax'' km-b-{Zhyw kmb KpWw
kmb Iaw Fn- s\ h- a m\
Imes Ipdn-p kXv F i_vZ-tm-Sp-
IqSn {Zhy KpW-Iap A\z-b-s-
bmWv k-sbp ]d-bp--Xv.
`mthm-- f \p-hr-t-tch tlXp- hmXv kmam-
\y-tah (ssh. 1.2.4) k F `mhw kIe
hkvXp--fnepw A\p-hnp nXn-sN-p-
-Xp-sImv AXns\ alm-km-am\yw Fp
]d-bp-p. Cu ]d-Xp apgp-h\pw `mh-]-
ZmYs kw_-n-m-Wv. A`mhw Ap
hn[-n-em-Wv.
{Inbm-Kp-W-hy-]-tZ-im-`m-hm-Xv {]m-K-kXv
(ssh.9.1.1) {Inbm-KpWfpsS hnti-j\ - n-an--
ns A`m-h-n\p app AkXv (C-m-
bva, A`m-hw) FYw. IpSw, hkv{Xw apX-
em-bh Dev]-np apv Dm-bn-cp-n-. B
Cm-bva-bmWv {]mK-`m-hw.
47
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
cm-a-tXv
kZ-kXv (ssh. 9.1.2) Dmb IpSw Cm-
Xm-bn-tm-Ip--Xp-t]mse Hcn- Dm-bnv
]noSv Cm-Xp-Ip--Xns\ {]zw-km-`mhw
Fp ]d-bp-p.
aqm-a-t-Xv
km-kXv (ssh. 9.1.4) Dspw ]p\-cn-
spw ""AsKu-c-tizm-\-tizmKu'' IpXnc ]ip-
h; ]ip IpXn-c-bp-a-. IpXn-cbn IpXn-c-bp-
sS-bpw, ]ip-hn ]ip-hn-sbpw `mhw Dv.
AXp-t]mse IpXn-c-bn ]ip-hn-sbpw ]ip-
hn IpXn-c-bp-sSbpw A`mhw D-tm. Cu
A`m-hs At\ym-\ym-`mhw Fp ]d-bp-p.
\mem-a-t-Xv
bm-\y-Zk- Z- X
- k- vXZ- k- Xv (ssh. 9.1.5) ap]-
d aqv A`m-h - f - n \npw `n-amb A`m-
h-n\v AXy-m-`mhw Fp ]d-bp-p. a\p-
jys sImv, BIm-iI - p-kp-aw, hym-]p-{X
apX-em-b-h-bpsS A`mhw Cu C\-n s]Sp-
p.
Ama-tXv:
\mkvXn LtSm tKl CXn ktXm LSky
tKl- kw-kcvK {]Xn-tj[x (ssh. 9.1.10)
hon IpS-an Fp ]d-m as-hn-sStbm
Ds-pw, hoSn-t\mSv IpS-n\p _-an-s-
p-am-WYw. CXns\ kw_-m-`m-h-sap ]d-
bp-p. Cs\ A`mhw Aphn-[-n-em-Wv.
C{nbtZmjm-Xv kw-kvImctZmjm-m-hnZym
(ssh. 9.2.15) C{n-b--fp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-
n-sbpw tZmjw-sImv AhnZy Dm-Ip-p.
Xp-jvS-m-\av (ssh. 9.2.11) ZpjvS-amb
m\w--hn-]-co-X-m-\w--BWv Ahn-Zy.
AZpjvSw hnZym. (ssh. A. 9 B. 2. kq. 12)
AZp-jvS-amb m\w AY-hm, bYmY-m-\-
amWv hnZy.
]rYn-hym-Zn-cq-]-c-k-K--kv]im {Zhym\nXy-
Xzm-Z\nXym. (ssh. 7.1.2) GtX\ \ntXyjp
\nXyXz-ap-av (ssh. 7.1.9) Imcy-cq-]-amb ]rYn-
hymZn ]ZmY--sfmw A\n-Xy--fm-b-Xp-
sImv Ah- b n- e p cq]w, ckw, Kw,
kv]iw XpS-nb KpW-fpw A\n-Xyhpw
ImcW-cq-]-amb ]rYn-hymZn \nXy-{Z-hy--fn-
ep (\m-ia- n-m ]c-am-Wp-f
- n-ep-) Km-
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
Zn-Kp-W- \nXy-hp-am-Wv.
kZ-Im-cWhn-Xyav (ssh. 4.1.1) k-tbm-
Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw Imc-W-an-m--Xp-amb ]ZmY-
amWv \nXy-am-bX - v. ""kXvIm-cW - h- Z- \- nXyw'' Imc-
W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - bpw Imcy-cq-] - f - p-amb KpW-
A\n-Xy--fmWv Fp IqSn a\-n-em-
mw,
AtkyZw Imcyw ImcWw kwtbmKn
hntcm[n ka-hmbn tNXn sseMvKn-Iav (ssh.
9.2.1) ka-hm-bn, kwtbm-Kn, GImY-k-a-hm-bn,
hntcm-[n, Fo \mep hn[-n-emWv Ah-b-h-
]-c-amb PvRm\w AYhm Ah-bhw Ah-bhn
Fn-h-bpsS tN sImp-m-Ip Adn-hv.
""BImiw ]cn-am-Wt- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bX - mWv FXv
ka-hm-bn-bp-sSbpw'' ""icocw Xztm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-
Xm-Ip-p.'' Fv \nXy-kw-tbm-Ks ImWn-
p-Xv kwtbm-Kn-bp-sSbpw ZrjvSm-w. Hn
Xs cns nXn GImY-k-a-hm-b-am-Wv.
Imcy-cq-]-amb kv]iw, Imcy-ns Ah-b-
h- a m- W v . s]bv X ag s]p- h m t]mIp
agbvv FXn-cm-b-Xm-sW-Xv hntcm-[n-p
DZm-l-c-W-am-Ip-p.
\nb-X[ - cvak
- m-ln-Xy-ap-`t- bm-tc-IX - c- ky hm
hym]vXnx. \nP-i - yp-Zv`h
- a- n-Xym-Nmcymx Bt[-
b-i-n-tbmK CXn ]-inJx (kmw-Jy-kq-
{Xw. A. 5 kq. 29.31.32) A\p-am-\-m Adn-
tb- - X ns\ km[y- s apw km[y- m\w
Dm-p--Xns\ km[-\-sapw ]d-bp-p.
km[yw km[\w Fo cn-t-bp-tam, GsX-
nepw Hns am{Xtam \nnX [a-amb
kl-Nm-c-amWv hym]vXn Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Xo,
]pI Fn-h-bpsS kl-Nm-cnXzw CXn-\p-Zm-l-
c-Ww. (29)
hym]y-am-bn-cn-p ]pIbvv kzw in
sImp- m- I p- Xv asm- c p- h n- [ - n- e pff
hym]vXn-bm-Ip-p. tZim--cs {]m]n ]pI,
An- s b- qSmsX kzbw nXn- s N- p- p.
An-bpsS tOZ-\--t`-Z-\--km-aYy--fn
PemZn ]ZmY- ]pI-bm-bn-ov {]I-S-
am-Ip-p. (31)
al--zm-Zn-I-fn {]Ir-Xym-Zn-Ip
hym]-IX _pym-Zn-I-fn-ep hym]yX Fo
[a--fpsS _-ns t]cmWv hym]vXn.
in, in-am Fnh Xn D Bt[-
48
 aqmw kap-mkw
bm-[mc _w DZm-l-c-Ww.
Cs\ imkv{X-{]-am-W--sf-smv ]co-
n-nt ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNm-
hq. A\yYm hnZymYn-Iv Hcn-epw kXy-
t_m[w Dm-hp-I-bn-. ]Tn-n-p-hm-\p
{K-sf C{]-Imcw ]cn-tim-[n-v, kXy-am-
b-hsb am{Xta ]Tn-n-m-hq. hncp-a - mb {K-
sf ]Tn-p-Itbm, ]Tn-n-p-Itbm sN-cp-
Xv. Fs-m, e-W-{]-am-Wm`ymw hkvXp-
knnx. ""K-hXo ]rYnho'' K-ap--XmWv
]rYnhn CXymZn e-W--sfbpw {]Xy-mZn
{]am-W--sfbpw sImmWv Fm kXym-k-
Xy-fpw ]ZmY-X-zhpw \nW-bn-p--Xv.
e- W - { ]- a m- W - - f n- msX Hn- t \bpw
\nWbn-m-hp--X-.
AY ]T\ ]mT\ hn[nx
C\n ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNm-
\p coXn hnh- c n- mw. H- m - a Xp ]Tn- n-
tXv ]mWn-\o-ap\n cNn kq{X-cq-]-n-
ep in-bm-Wv. Hmtcm hW-n-tbpw
m\-{]-b-Xv\-fpw Imc-Whpw Hm-a-Xmbn
]Tn-n--Ww. Hcp-Zm-l-cWw ]d-bmw. "]' Imc-
ns m\w HmjvT-am-Wv. kv]rjvS-amWv
{]bXv\w; {]mW-sbpw Pnlz-bp-sSbpw {Inb-
bmWv IcWw Fn-{]-Imcw Fm A-c--
fp-tSbpw Dm-c-W-{Iaw amXm-]n-Xm--mcpw
Kpcp--mcpw Ipn-Isf ]Tn-n--Ww.
]noSv hymI-c-Ww, AXm-bXv AjvSm-[ym-
bn- b psS kq{X- ] m- T - a mWv A`y- k n- t - - X v .
hrn-cm-ssZNv F kq{Xw ]Tnv, hrnx BXv
sFNv Ftm As-n hrnx BssZNv
Ftm ]Z-tZw sNbvXv, Bv sFv BssZNv
Fn-s\ hn{K-ln-v, ""BssZNmw hrn-
kwm {InbtX'' B, sF, Hu Fo hW-
v hrn Fp kw-sN-pp Fv
AYw {Kln-p-I. ""Xx ]tcm bkvamXv X]cx
kvXmZ]n ]c-kvX]cx'' GsXm-n \nv
XImcw ]c-am-bn-cn-p-pthm AXv X]cw, XIm-
c-n \nv ]c-am-bn-p-Xpw X]cw Fp-
-Xp-sImv BssZNv F-Xnse XImcn
s appw ]np-ap B sFNv Fnh cpw
X]-c--fm-sWp knn-p-p. AXp-sIm-
p {]tbm-P\w {lkz- pw ZoL-
pw hrn-kw hcn-I-bn-s--Xm-Wv.
C{]-Imcw kq{XmYw ]Tn-n-v, hrn-kw--
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
bpsS DZm-lc-- Ww a\-kn-em--Ww. `mKx A[ym-
bx. \mbIx kvXmh-Ix, ImcIx Fo ]Z--
sfmw DZm-l-c-W--fm-Ip-p.
`mKw : `Pv F [mXp-hn\p ]c-ambn LRv
{]Xybw hcp-p. {]Xy-b-n-ep LImcw
RImcw Fo cp hW- CXvkw
hv tem]nv AImcw am{Xw tijn-p-p.
`PvA Fp tijn-p--Xn `Pv F {]Ir-
Xn-bn-ep `Im-c-n \np ]chpw PIm-c-
n \np ]qh- h p- a mb AIm- c - ns
m\- n hrnkw- t bmSp IqSnb
BImcw hv `mPv A Fm-Ip-p. ]ns
PIm-c-ns m\-n KImcw hcn-Ibpw
HSp-hn `mKx F cq]w knn-p-Ibpw sNp
p.
A[ymb :--: A[n F D]-kK-tm-Sp-Iq-
Snb CMv [mXp-hn-ep {lkz CIm-c-ns
m\-v, LRv {]Xybw ]c-am-bn, sF Fp
hrn-hc - p-p. ]noSv sFIm-c - n\v Bbv Fv
BtZiw hv Fmw IqSn tNv A[ymbx
F cq]-ap-m-Ip-p.
\mb-I :- \oRv [mXp-hn\v ]c-ambn Wzpev
{]Xybw hcp-tm [mXp-hn-ep ZoL-amb
CuIm-c - ns m\v sFImcw hrn, B
sFIm-c - n\v Bbv Fv BtZiw hv, (AI,
F {]Xy-bm-tZiw tNv 46) \mbIx F
cq]w \njv]--am-Ip-p.
kvXmh-I : kvXp [mXp-hn Wzpev {]Xy
bw tNcp-tm [mXp-hnse {lkz-Im-c-ns
m\v HuImcw hrn, HuIm-c-n\v Bhv
Fv BtZ-iw. Fmw tNv kvXmhIx F
cq]w Dm-Ipp
Imc-I : IrRv [mXp-hn\p ]c-ambn Wzpev
{]Xybw hcp-p. {]Xy-b-ns BZy-n-
ep W Imc-n\pw Ah-km-\-n-ep e
Im- c - n\pw CXvkwbpw tem]hpw
tijn hp F-Xn\v AI Fv BtZ-ihpw
hcp-p. [mXp-hn-ep EIm-c-ns m\v
Bcv Fv hrn hv ImcIx Fp knn-
p-p.
]qhm--] - c - { ]- t bm- K - - s f- n GsXmw
kq{X- tfsmv Fsmw Imcy-
hn[n-n-ptm AsXmw ]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-
46 tImjvT
- n-teXv ]cn-`m-jI
- t- -Xm-Wv.
49
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Ibpw {]{In-b-bpsS {Iaw apgp-h\pw C{]-Imcw
Fgpv ] e- I - b n Fgp- X n- mWnp- I bpw
sNt- - X m- W v . `P+LRv + kp F- X n
BZyw LIm-c-n\pw ]ns RIm-c-n-\pw
tem]w hcp-p. Atm `Pv +A+kp Fm-
bn. AXns tijw {]Ir-Xn-bn-ep AIm-c-
ns m\v hrn-bmbn BIm-chpw PIm-
c-n\v KIm-cm-tZ-ihpw hv, `mKv+A+kp
Fm-Ip-p. ]noSv {]Ir-Xnbpw LRv {]Xy-
b-ns Ah-i n-jvS -amb AIm-c hpw IqSn-
tv, `mK+kp Fm-Ip-p. A\-cw kp
F-Xn-ep DIm-c-n\v CXv kwbpw
tem]hpw kv F-Xns m\v cp F
BtZ-ihpw hcp-p. cp F BtZ-i-nse
DIm-chpw CXv kw hv tem]np t]mIp-
I-bm `mK+cv Fm-bn-o-cp-p. cv F
hW-ns m\p hnkKw (x) hv
Ah-km\w `mKx F cq]w knn-p-Ibpw
sNp-p.
GsXmw kq{X-, GsXmw Imcy-
{]{Inbbvv hn[n-p-p-thm, B kq{X-fpw
Imcy-fpw bYmXY-ambn ]Tn-n-v, Fgp-Xn-v,
{]{Inb ]d-bn--Ww. C{]-Imcw ]Tnp-Ibpw
]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXm AXn-thKw Dd
m\w Dm- I pw. Cs\ Hcp XhW
AjvSm-[ymbn apgp-h\pw ]Tn-n-nv [mXp-]mTw
apgp-h\pw AY-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn, ]p eIm-c--
fpsS cq]-fpw {]{In-b-tbm-Sp-IqSn DK-
kq{Xw ]noSv AXns A]-hm-Z-kq{Xw Fo
{Ia-n ]Tn-n-t--Xm-Wv. kmam-\y-amb
Hcp hn[nsb ]d-bp kq{X-amWv DK-kq-
{Xw. ""Icva-WyWv'' FXv Hcp DK kq{X-
am-Ip-p. Ia-hm-N-I-amb ]Zw D]-]-Z-am-Ip-
tm Hmtcm [mXp-hnepw AWv {]Xybw hcpw
FmWv Cu kq{Xw sImp hn[n-p--Xv.
Ip`-Imcx FXv CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-Ww. ""BtXm-
\p-]-ktK Ix'' FXv CXns A]-hmZ
kq{X-am-Ip-p. D]-kK-an-m BIm-cm
[mXp-hn Iaw D]-]-Z-am-I-bm I {]Xybw
hcpw FmWv AXn-\Yw. Iaw D]-]-Z-am-Ip-
tm Fm [mXp--fnepw AWv {]Xybw
hp `hn-p-p. CXv A[nI hnj-b-sf
kv]in-p kmam-\y-hn-[n-bm-Wv. Cu hn[n-
bpsS hnj-b--fn-e-`-hn-n-p BIm-cm
[mXpsf {]Xybw hngp-n--f-p. CXv
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
Aev]-hn-j-b-sf am{Xw kv]in-p Hcp
hnti-j-hn-[n-bm-Ip-p. DK-hn-[n-bpsS hnj-
b- n A]- h m- Z h- n [n ssII- S - p- - X p
t]mse A]- h m- Z - h n- [ n- b psS hnj- b - n
DK-hn[n {]hn-p--X-. N{I-hn-
bpsS km{am-Py-n \mSp-hm-gn-Ifpw CS-{]-`p-
-mcpw `cWw \S-pw. AXp-t]mse \mSp-
hm-gn-I-fp-sSbpw CS-{]-`p--m-cp-sSbpw aWvU-
e- n km{amv CS- s ]- S p- I - b n- - t m. 47
DKm-]-hm-Z-{I-a-n-emWv ]mWn-\oa-ljn
AJne i_vZ--fp-sSbpw Ah-bpsS AYhpw
_n-nv Hmcm-bncw tmI--fn Npcpn
]-dn-p--Xv. [mXp ]mT-n\p tijw DWm-
Zn-KWw ]Tn-nv kp_--i-_vZ-sf kw_-
n- p kIe hnj- b - fpw \- h w
t_m[n-n-W - w. AXns tijw ]qh-] - w,
kam-[m-\w, hmn-I-, Imcn-I-I, ]cn-
`m-j-I apX-em-b-h-tbmSp IqSn cm-a-sXm-cn-
IqSn AjvSm-[ym-bn-bpw XpSv alm-`m-
jyhpw ]Tn-n--Ww.
_pn-am\pw \njvI] -- -S-\p-amb hnZym-`n-hr-
nsb B{K-ln-p hnZymYn aSp-msX
]Tnp-Ibpw tbmKy-cmb Kpcp--m ]Tn-n-
p- I bpw sNp ]w H- c - s mw
sImv Ajv S m- [ ym- b nbpw H- c - s mw
sImv alm-`m-jyhpw ]Tnv aqp-sImw
sImv XnI sshbm-I-c-W-\m-hp-Ibpw
sshZn-I-fpw euIn-I-fpamb i_vZ--sf-
sbmw hymI- c Ww sIm- d n- v , CXc
imkv{X-sf Bbm-k-sat\y ]Tn-p-hm\pw
]Tn-n-p-hm\pw i-\m-hp--Xp-am-Wv. hymI-
cW imkv{Xm[y-b-n-s\m-n\pw thn hcp-
{X ]cn-{iaw ap imkv{Xm-[y-b-\-n-s\m-
n\pw thn hcp-n-.
ap]-d {K- A`y-kn-m aqp-
sImw sImp-m-Ip-n-S-tmfw Adn-hv,
kmc-kz-Xw, N{n-I, Iuap-Zn, at\m-ca apX-emb
{K- ]Tn-p--Xm-bm AXp sImw
47 AjvSm-[ymbn kq{X- KZy-cq-] - n-em-Wv.
GsX-nepw KZy-{K--ns henw F{X-sbp
]d-bp--Xn\v \ne-hn-en-cp {]mNo-\-co-Xn-bmWv
Ah-bnse A-c--sfn A\p-jvTp-]vO--kns
A-c-kw-Jy-bmb 32-sImv lcn-v, B kwJy-bpsS
A{Xbpw tmI- AXn-ep-sp ]d-bp--Xv.
AjvSm-[ym-bn-bn 1000x32=32000 A-c - f - p-v.
50
 aqmw kap-mkw
]Tn-mepw ssIh-cp--X-. Fs-m alm-
m-cmb aljn-am Kuc-h-ta-dnb hnj-b--
sf-tmepw A\m-bm-tk\ a\-n-em----
hw X- f psS {K- - f n shfn- h m- n-
bnpv. Acw hnj-b-{]-Xn-]m-Z\w p{Z-_p-
n-I sIn--a {K--fn Fs\ Dm-
Im? aljnamcpsS Bi-b-{]-Xn-]m-Z\w Ign-
bp-{X kpK-ahpw Aev]-Imew sImv {Kln-
m-hp--Xp-am-bn-cnpw. p{Z-_p-n-I cNn-
p IrXn-I ]Wn-sp ]Tn-mepw AXy-
ev]-amb m\-em`w am{Xw Dm-I---hn-
[-n Ign-bp-{X ITn-\amn cNn-n-cn-p-
p. Ah-cpsS {K- A`y-kn-p--Xv, ae-
a-dnv Nnn-miv Is-Sp-p--Xn\v Xpey-am-
Wv. Bj-{K---fpsS A[y-b-\-am-I-s, H
apn\v hne-tb-dnb \nc-h[n app-I hmcn-
smp hcp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. hymI-cWw
]Tn--Xn\p tijw bmkvI-ap\n cNn \nL-
phpw 48 \ncp-hpw AY-tm-Sp-IqSn Gsg-
p-amkw sImv ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
sN-Ww. \mkvXn-I-m \nan-n-p Aa-c-
tIm- i mZn 49 {K- - f n A\- h [n Imew
hyY-am--cp-Xv. ]noSv ]nwK-fm-Nm-cy Dm-
n-bn-p Otm-{Kw ]Tn-v, sshZn-I-fpw
euIn-I--fp-amb O-p-I-fpsS (hr---fp-
sS) \nb-a-fpw ]Zy-c-N-\m-co-Xnbpw apw hgn-
t]mse a\-n-em--Ww. Otm-{K-w, tmI-
c-N-\m-co-Xn, {]kvXm-c-, Fnh \mep-am-
kw- s Imv ]Tn- p- I - b pw ]Tn- n- p- I bpw
sNmw. Aev]_ -- p-n-I-fpsS cN-\-bmb hr-
c-Xv\m-Icw apX-embhbn Imew ]mgm--cp-
Xv. ]noSv a\p-kvar-Xn, hmevao-In-cm-am-b-Ww,
alm-`m-c-X-nse DtZym-K-]h-n-ep hnZp-
c-\oXn apX-em-b, Zpcm-Nm-c-sf Zqco-I-cn-p
kwkvIm-c-k-m-Z-I--fmb D-a-`m-K-
Imhyw ]Tn-n-p coXn-bn ]Z-t-Zw, AYw,
A\z- b w, hnti- j - W - h n- t i- j y Fnh
48 \ncpw 713 cp-X-hW kam-avt\ F
D-a-]p-cp-j-{Inb ImWp--Xn \nv
\nL-phpw bmkvI-Ir-Xn-sbp sXfn-bp-p,
49 thZmY-t_m-[a - p-m-Ip-hm Ch-sbmpw {]tbm-P\
{]Z-a-m-bvI-bm-epw, \ncp-w, \nLp Fn-h-bpsS
A[y-b\w sshZn-I- e - u-InI i_vZmY-t_m[w
\Ip--Xn-\mepw aljn Aa-c-tImiw knm
IuapZn BZn-bm-b-h-bpsS A[y-b-\s Xn--d-bp-
-Xm-W.v
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
`mhmY-hn-h-c-Wk-lnXw A[ym-]-I-m ]Tn-
n-p-Ibpw hnZymYn-I ]Tn-p-Ibpw sN-
Ww. CXn\v Hcp hjw aXn. ]ns ]qh-ao-
amw- k , sshti- j n- I w, \ymbw, tbmKw,
kmwJyw, thZmw Fo Bdp Zi-\--sf,
(im-kv{X--sf) Inm-hp-n-S-tmew Ejn-{]-
Wo- X - - f mb hymJym- \ - tfmSp IqSntbm
AXn-s-n D-a-hn-Zzm-m-cpsS kc-f-hym--Jym-
\--tfmSp IqSntbm ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-
Ibpw sN-Ww. Fm thZm--kq-{X-
]Tn-p--Xn\p apv Cuim-hm-kyw, tI\w,
ITw, {]iv\w, apWvU-Iw, amWvUq-Iyw, sFX-
tc-bw, ssXn-co-bw, Otm-Kyw, _rl-Zm-c-
WyIw Fo ]v D]-\n-j-p-I ]Tn--
Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Bdv Zi-\--fpsS aqe-
kq-{X-sf Ah-bpsS hrn-tbmSpw `mjy-
tmSpw IqSn cp-sIm--n-\Iw ]Tn-n-p-
Ibpw ]Tn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. ]ns sFX-
tc-bw, iX]-Yw, kmaw 50, tKm]-Yw, Fo
\mep {_m-W--tfmSp IqSn \mep thZ-fpw
kzcw, i_v Z w, AYw, kw_- w, {Inb
Fnh klnXw Bdp-sImw sImv ]Tn--
Ww. CXn\p {]am-Ww:
mWp- c bw `mc- l mcx Inem- ` q- Z - [ oXy
thZw \ hnPm-\mXnftbmfcvYav. tbmfcvY
CXvkIew `{Z-aiv\ptX \mItaXn m-\-
hn-[qX]m]vam. 51
Fsmcp a{w \ncp--n Dv. thZ-
ns kzchpw ]mThpw am{Xw ]Tnv AYw
{Kln-msX Ign-bp-h - , sNdn-bN - n-I
- , Ce-
I, ]qhv, Imbv, ]gw Fn-hsb hln-p
acw-t]m-sebpw [m\ym-Zn-h-kvXp- Npap
sImp t]mIp Pp-hn-s\-tm-sebpw "`mc-
hmln " AYhm `mcw hln-p--h am{X-am-
Wv . bYm- h n[n thZw ]Tnv bYm- X - Y - a mb
AYw {Kln-bvp--h Pohn-X-n Xs
]cn-]qW-amb B\w A\p-`-hnv , ac-Wm-\-
cw Xs m\w sImv ]m]--sfmw
bn-nv , [am-\p-jvTm-\-ns al-z-
m ]c-am-\-s {]m]n-p--Xp-am-Wv.
DX Xzx ]iy ZZcvi hmN-ap-X- Xzx -ir-
Wz irtWm-tXy-\m-av. DtXm Xzkvssa X\zw
50 kma-{_m-W
- - Fs-a
- p-v.
51 \ncpw 1.1.8.
51
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
hnkkvt{X Pmtb-h- ]Xy DiXo kphm-kmx.
(E-.10.71.4) ]Tn-n-m--h tIp-p-s-
nepw tIp-n ; ImWp-p-s-nepw
ImWp-n.- kw-km-cn-ppsnepw kwkm-
cn-p-n-,- hn-Zym-`ym-kw sNm--h Cu
hmp-I-fpsS AYhpw Cu hnZy-bpsS cl-
kyhpw Adn-bp-hm i-cm-Ip-n FYw.
i_v Z m- Ykw_- - a - d n- b p Hcp- h - \ m- I s,
tamSn-bmbn BSbpw, `wKn-bn B`-c-W--fp-
a-Wn-v, ]Xn-bm Iman-X-bmbn Xs ico-c-
tbpw ku-cy-tbpw ]Xn-bpsS apn
{]Im-in-n-p ]Xv\n-tb-tmse, hnZy Xs
kzcq-]s hnZzmamv kzb-tah {]Im-in-
n- pp; ]Tnn- m- - h v {]Zin- n--
pIbn.
EtNm Atc ]cta thyma b-kvan
tZhm A[n hntiz \ntj-Zpx. bkvX thZ
InarNm Icn-jyXn b C-Zzn-Zp-kX v - Cta kam-
k-tX. (E.1.1.64.39) Fpw \nd-n-cn-p,
Fm-h-tc-m-fp-ap--X-\mb Cuiz-c-\nemWv
kIe hnZz--\-fpw kqcym-Zn-I-fmb kIe
temI-fpw {]XnjvTnX-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. thZ-
-fpsS apJy-amb s]mcp apgph\pw B PK-
Zo-iz-c-\n-emWv ]cy-h-km-\n-p--Xv. A-s\-
bp B ]c-{_-s Adn-bm--h EtKz-
Zm-Zn-Ifm sXp kuJy-sa-nepw t\Sp-hm
it\m? Hcn- epw A. thZm- [ y- b \w
sNbvXv, [mam-flm-hpw,-tbm-Kn-bp-ambn. A--
sa-m-ap {_s Bcm-d - n-bp-h- s
- cmw
Cuiz-c-\n nXn sNbvXv tam-am-Ip ]c-
am-\-s {]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m ]Tn-p-
Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv apgp-h\pw
AY-m-\tmSp IqSn Bbn-cn-Ww.
Cns\ Fm thZ- fpw A[y- b \w
sNbvX-tijw Bbpth-Zw,-N-c-Iw, -kp-{ip-Xw,-
ap- X - e mb Ejn {]- W o- X - - f mb sshZy-
imkv{X{K- - AY-kl - nXw tOZ\w t`-
Z-\w ikv{X-{In-bI- , \nZm\w, Huj[w {Zhy-
KpWw, ]Yym-]-Yy-, ico-cw, tZiw, Im-
ew, hkvXp- Fn-h-sbmw a\-n-em-n-
smv \mep sIm-n\p-n ]Tn-p-
Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-I-bbpw sNt--Xm-Wv. A\-
cw A`y- k ntXv cmPy- k w- _ - - a mb
[\pth-Z-am-Ip-p. CXn\v \nP-cmP ]pcp-j-
kw-_-n, {]Pm-kw-_n Fn-s\ cp
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
]ncn-hp-I-fp-v. cmPy-X-{-n Hm-a-Xmbn
ssk\y-\n-b-{-Ww, ikv{Xm-kv{X-hn-Zy, \m\m-
{]-Im-c-n-ep hyql-\namWw Fnh A`y-
kn--Ww. hyql-\nam-W-amWv Cm-es
Ihm-v. AXv i{Xp--tfmSv bpw sNp-
tm {]tbm-Kn-p-hm-\mbn \mbn A`y-kn-
-Ww. {]Pm-kw-c - W
- w. A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-
\ymb-]qhw \mmsc A\p-c-RvPn-n-p \b-
X-{w, ZpjvSmsc bYm-tbmKyw Aa
injvS-]-cn-]m-e-\-{I-aw, Fn-h-sbmw ]Tn--
Ww. Cu cmjv{S-X-{s Cu cv sImw-
sImv ]Tn--Ww. ]noSv Km\-hnZy Fp
]d-bp Kmh thZ-nse kzcw, cmKw,
cmKn-Wn, Imew, Xmfw, {Kmaw, Xm\w, hmZn-
{Xw, \rw, KoXw Fnh bYm-hn[n ]Tn--
Ww. Ah-bn {][m-\-ambn kma-th-Z-ns
Km\-coXn hmZn-{X-hm-Z-\-tm-Sp-IqSn A`y-kn-
-Ww. \mc-Z-kw-lnX apX-emb Ejn- {]-Wo-X-
-fmb kwKo-X-im-kv{X-{K--fpw ]Tn--
Ww. Fm hnZq-j-I-m thiymw-K-\-am,
sshcm-Kn-I Fn-h-cpsS hnj-bm-kn P\-
I-amb ]Sp-]m-p-I ]Tnv IgpX Ic-bp--Xp-
t]mse i_vZnp ioen--cp-Xv. inev]-hnZy
Fp ]d-bm-dp AY-th-Z-amWv XpSv
A`y-kn-t-X - v. AXn ]ZmY-f - psS KpW-
hn-m\w {Inbm-Iu-iew \m\m-hn[ hkvXp-
- f psS \namWw Fp XpSn ]rYnhn
apX BImiw hsc-bp-f-f hnZy-I-f-`y-kn--
Ww. sFiz-cy-k-p hn-n-p Cu
hnZyp tijw tPymXnximkv{X-amb kqcy-
kn-m--nse _oP-K-Wn-Xw, A-K-Wn-Xw,
`qtKm-f-im-kv{Xw, BIm-i-hn-Zy, `qK`-hnZy
Fnh cp-sImw sImp ]Tn--Ww. AXp
Ign-m Fm hn[-n-ep ssIsm-gn-
ep- I b{- h nZy apX- e m- b Xp ]Tn- mw.
Fm {Klw, \- { Xw, PmX- I w, cmin,
aplqw apX-em-b-h-bpsS ^e- ]d-bp
{K- - s fmw hymP- - f m- I - b m Ah-
sbmpw ]Tn--cp-Xv. Cs\ Ccp-]tXm Ccp-
]-n-sbm-tm 52 sImw-sImv kIe hnZy-
52 ChnsS hj-K-W-\-bn A]m-IX kw`-hn--Xmbn
]e hnZzm-mcpw KWn-p-p. aljn-bpsS asmcp
IrXn-bmb kwkvIm-c-hn-[n-bn A[y-b-\-Imew 31
hj-am-sWv Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. (th-Zm-cw-`{- ]-Ic
- W
- w,
Ah-km\ JWvUn-I) AhnsS Ime-K-W\ C{]-Im-c-
am-Wv. hymI-cWw 3 hjw \ncp-hpw ]nMvK-f-
52
 aqmw kap-mkw
Ifpw A`y-knv Da hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn IrX-
Ir-Xy-cmbn kZm B\--n hn--Ww.
Cu coXn-bn Ccp-]tXm Ccp-]-smtm
hjw sImv e`n-p m\w asmcp
coXn-bn-em-bm \qmp sImpw e`n-n.
aljn-am henb hnZzm-m-cpw, kI-e-im-kv{X-
hn-im-c-Zmcpw [am-flm--fp-am-bn-cp--Xp-sIm-
mWv Ah-cpsS {K-sf A[y-b\w sN-
W-sap ]d-bp--Xv. ap--h A[nIw ]Tn-
m Aev] - cpw ]-]m-Xn-If
- p-am-Ib
- m
Ah-cpsS IrXn-Ifpw A{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-mt\
CS-bp-f-fq.
]qh- a o- a mw- k v hymk- a p\n cNn
hymJym-\w, sshti-jnI kq{X-v KuX-
a-ap\n \nan `mjyw, \ymb-kq-{X-v
hmym-b-\-ap\n Dm-nb `mjyw, ]X-
RvPen aljn-bpsS tbmK-kq-{X-v hym-
k-a-lm-ap-\n-bpsS `mjyw, I]n-e-ap-\o-Ir-X-
amb kmwJy-kq-{X-v `mKp-cn-ap\n cNn
`mjyw, hymk- a p- \ n- b psS thZm- - k q- { X-
v hmym-b-\-ap-\ntbm _u[m-b-\ap-
\n-tbm cNn `mjyw, Fo Bj-{K---
sfmw \mbn ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
sN-Ww. CXym-Zn-Isf Iev]mw-K--fmbn KWn-
mw. EIv, bPp-kv, kmaw, AYhw Fo
\mep thZ- Cu-iz-c-Ir-X--fmWv. AXp-
t]mse sFX-tc-bw, iX-]Y - w, kmaw, tKm]Yw
Fo \mev {_m-W-fpw in, Iev]w,
hymI- c - W w, \nL- p\ncp- w, O- k v ,
tPymXn-jw Fo Bdv thZmw-K-fpw aoamw-
kmZn Zi-\-fm-Ip Bdv imkv{X D]mw-K-
fpw Bbpth-Zw, [\pth-Zw, Kmh-
th-Zw, AY-thZw Fo \mep D]-th-Z-fpw
Ejn-am-cmepw ap\n-am-cmepw Dm--s {K-
-fm-Ip-p. Ch-bn thZ-hn-cp--am-bn-p--
sXmw Xn--f-b-Ww. thZ- Cuiz-c-Ir-
X-am-I-bm sXn-m--hbpw kzXx-{]-am-W--
fp- a mWv . thZ- v kzbw {]mamWyw
DsYw.- {_m- - W mZn {K- - s fmw
O-kpw (8+4) 1 hjw, kmlnXyw 1 hjw ,
Bdp Zi\w 2 hjw, \mep {_m-W-
klnXw thZw 6 hjw, BbpthZw 4 hjw
cmjv{S-X{w (2+2) 4 hjw Kmh-thZw4hjw
AY-thZw 4 hjw, tPymXnjw 2 hjw BsI
31 hjw. CXv kqW hnZym-`ym-k-n-\m-h-iy-
amb ImeamWv. \n_-nX hnZym-`ymk Ime-a-.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
]cXx{]amW-fm-Wv. Ah-bpsS {]mamWyw
thZ-hm-Wnv A[o-\-am-Ip-p. thZ-ns
hnti-j-hym-Jym\w EtKz-ZmZn `mjy-`q-an-I 53
t\mn Adnp sImt--Xm-Wv. Cu {K-
nepw A\y{X bYm-bpw {]kvXpX hnj-
b-s-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xm-Wv.
C\n ]cn- X y- P n- - s- t S {K- - t f- h -
sbp t\mmw. Xmsg t] ]d-bp {K-
-sfmw Ak-Xy-{K---fm-Ip-p. 1. hymI-c-
W-n ImX-{x, kmc-kzXw, N{nI apKv-
t_m-[w, IuapZn, at\m-c-a, tiJcw apX-em-b-
h. 2. tImi-n Aa-c-tImiw apX-em-b-h.
3. Ox-im-kv{X-n hr-c-Xv\m-Icw XpS-
n-b-h. 4. in- b n AY- i nmw {]h-
yman ]mWn-\obw aXw -bYm Fp XpS-
p--Xv. 5. tPymXn-j-n io{L-t_m-[w,
aplq-Nn-m-aWn apX-em-b-h. 6. Imhy-
n \mbn-Im-t`-Zw, Iph-e-bm-\-w, cLp-hw-
iw, amLw, Incm-XmPp-\obw apX-em-b. 7.
aoamw-k-bn [a-kn-p, {hXmw apX-em-
bh 8. sshti-jn-I-n X-kw-{Klw XpS-
n-b-h. 9. \ymb-n PmK-Zoio apX-em-bh
10 tbmK-n lT{]-Zo-]nI apX-em-bh 11.
kmwJy-n kmwJy-X-z-Iu-apZn apX-em-
b-h. 12. thZm- - n tbmK-hm-kn-jvTw, ]-
Zin apX- e m- b - h. 13. sshZy- i m- k v { X- n
imMvK-[-c-kw-lnX apX-em-b-h. 14. kvarXn-
bn a\p-kvar-Xn-bn-ep- {]n]vX tmI-
fpw asm kvarXn-I-fpw. 15. kIe X{-
{K--, kIe ]pcm-W-, Fm D]-]p-
cm-W- Xpfko-Zmkcmam-bWw cpn-Wo-
aw-Kfw apX-emb `mjm-{K-- Fn-h-
sbmw kzI-t]meIev]n-X--fm-I-bm sIp-
I-YI - f
- m-Ip-p.
tNmZyw Cu ]d {K--fn Ipd-p-
t]mepw kXy-ant?
D- c w kzev ] w kXy- a p- v . ]t Hw
A[nIw Ak- X yhpw Dv . AXn- \ m Ah-
sbmw ""hnj- k w- ] r- m- hXv XymPymx''
hnjw Ie `Ww t]mse XymPy- -
fm- W v .
53 ae-bm-f-n thZ-]-cy-S\w F t]cn Cu
{Kw XPa sNbvXn-p-v.
(ssh-Zn-Ik
- m-ln-Xy-]c
- n-j
- v, sN-q).
53
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
tNm Xm ]pcm- t W- X n- l m- k - sf
AwKo-I-cn-p-nt?
D Dv . kXy- a m- b - X ns\ am{Xw. Ak-
Xys AwKo-I-cn-p-n-.
tNm GXmWv kXyw? GXmWv anYy?
D {_m-Wm-\o-Xn-lm-km ]pcm-Wm\n
Iev]m KmYm \mcm-iw-ko-cn-Xn 54. CXv Krly-
kq- { X- n- e p- - X m- W v . ""app ]d- n- p
sFX- t c- b w, iX- ] Yw apX- e mb {_m- W -
v CXn-lm-kw, ]pcm-Ww, Iev]w, KmY
\mcm- i wko Fns\ Ap t]cp- I -
fps''mWv CXns AYw. 55 {ioa-Zv`m-K-
hXw XpS-n-bp-ff {K-v ]pcm-W-sap
t] C.
tNm Xt-X - mbn ]d {K-f - nse
kXyw kzoIm-cy-at? Fp-sImv AXv,
kzo-I-cn-p-n?
D Ah-bn ImWp kXy-samw imkv{X-
-fn-ep--Xm-Wv. Ah-bn-ep Ak-Xy-am-I-s,
Ah-bpsS kz-hpw. thZmZn kXyim-kv{X-
sf ssIsm-p--Xm-bm kXyw apgp-
h\pw {Kln-mw. anYym {K-fn \np
kXyw {Kln-p-hm B{K-ln-p Bfn\v
Ah-bnse Ak-Xyhpw IqSn kzoI-cnt ]q.
AXn-\m ""Ak-Xy-an{iw kXyw Zqc-X-kvXym-
Py-anXn'' AkXyw Ie {K-f - nse kXy-
hpw, hnjw Ie `Ww t]mse ]cn-Xym-
Py-am-Wv.
tNm Xm-fpsS aXw GXmWv?
D thZ-amWv Fs aX-w. A\pjvTn-Ws
tm, A\p-jvTn-m-Xn-cn--cp-sXtm thZw
54 Bizemb\ Krlykq{Xw 3.3.1 se ]mTw
{_m-Wm\n Iev]m KmYm
\mcm-iw-ko-cn-Xl - mk ]pcm-Wm-\oXn Fm-Wv.
ssXcob BcWyIw. 2.9 ChnsS D-cn
]mTw ImWmw.
55 kmb-W, ssXncob BcWyIw 2.9 s
hymJym-\ - n CXn-lmk ]pcm-W - F-Xn\v
{_m-Wh - N
- \
- - (C-Xn-lmkw, alm-`m-cX - mZn
]pcm-Ww, {_m-W-) Fp ]d-bp-p.
Aw Xs ssXncob BcWyIw 8.2 epw
(]q\m FUn-j t]Pv 563)
_rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-jv 2.4.10 s hymJym-\-
n {ioi-c - ]pcm-Ws - a-X
- n\v
{_m-W{- K-m-K-Xa - mb hninjvS
hN-\--sfp \ntZ-in-p-p.
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
hn[npw ]Sn Rm {]hn-p-p 56. thZw
F\nv kzoIm-cy-am-Ib - m thZw Xs-bmWv
Fs aXw. Cs\ a\p-jy-scmw hninjy
t{ijvTa- m-\h - AwKo-Ic- np hn-t-X - m-W.v
tNm kXym-k-Xy-fpw {K--fpsS ]c-
kv]c - h
- n-tcm-[hpw apw imkv{X-f - nepw Dv.
DZm- l - c - W - n\v krjvSn- h n- j - b - n
jUvZi-\-p Xn-ep A`n-{]m-b-`n-
X FSpp ]d-bm-hp-X - m-Wv. krjvSn-bpsS
Dhw Ia-n \nm-sWv aoamw-kbpw
Ime-n \nm-sWv sshti-jn-Ih - pw, ]c-
am-Wp--fn \nm-sWv \ymb-hpw. ]pcp-
jmY-n \nm-sWv tbmK-hpw. {]Ir-
Xn-bn \nm-sWv kmwJy-hpw, {_-n
\nm- s Wv thZm- hpw ]d- b p- p. CXv
hntcm-[-at?
D Hm-aXv, kmwJyw, thZm-w, Fo cp
Zi-\--fn-sem-gnsI ap \mep Zi-\--fnepw
krjvSn-bpsS Dev]n hni-Z-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn-
n-. Fgp-Xn-bn-p--Xn hntcm[w C-Xm-\pw.
hntcm[w Ahn- t cm[w Fn- h - s b- n
Xmv m\- a n- . Rm tNmZn- - s ,
hntcm[w Fhn-sS-bm-Wp-Xv? Htc hnj-b-n-
tem, AtXm hn`n hnj-b--fntem?
tNm Hcp hnj-b-s-n ]e-cp-sSbpw
hn`n-m-`n-{]mbns\-bmWv hntcm[w Fp-
]-d-bp--Xv. ChnsS "krjvSn' Hcp hnj-b-am-
Wv.
D: hnZy FXv Htm At\- I tam?
HmWv: Hm-sW-n hymI-cWw, sshZyw,
- a- tPymXnjw XpS-nb `n-hn-j-b- Fn-
\mWv? Htc hnZy-bn hn`n---fmb At\Iw
hnZy-I-fpsS Ah-b-h- Iqn-tv {]Xn-
]m-Zn-p-Xv F-s\-bmtWm AXp-t]mse
krjvSn-bpsS hn`n---fmb Bdv Ah-b-h-
sf Bdv Zi-\--fn {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-p-
p. AXn Hpw hntcm-[-an-. Hcp IpSw Dm-
56 hnln-X-am-bXp sNp-I, Ahn-ln-X-am-bXv
XyPn-pI FYw. {]Xn-tj-[n-m--Xns\
AYhm A\p-jvTn--W-sav khn-ti-j-ambn \nt-
in-m-X - ns\ A\p-jvTn-m-hp-X- m-Wv, aoamwkm
Zi-\-n ssPan\n ]d-bp-p. hntcms[ Xz\-
t]yw kymZ-kXn ly\p-am\av (1.32) (th-Zhpw
{_m-Whpw ]c-kv]cw hncp--ambn ]d-m
thZ-am-W,v {_m-W-a- {]am-Ww).
54
 aqmw kap-mkw
p- - X n Iaw, Imew, av , hnNm- c w,
kwtbm-Kw, hntbmKw XpS-nb ]pcp-jmY-
({]-b-Xv\-). {]Ir-Xn-bpsS KpW-,
Ipi-hFnhsbmw Imc-W--fm-Wv. AXp-
t]mse krjvSn-bpsS Imc-W-amb Ia-ns
hymJym\w aoamw- k - b nepw Ime- ns
hymJym\w sshti-jn-I-nepw 57. D]m-Zm-\-
Im-c-W-ns hymJym\w \ymb-nepw, ]pcp-
jmY-ns hymJym\w tbmK-n-epw, XXz-
- f psS A\p- { I- a - a mb ]cn- K - W - \ - b psS
hymJym\w kmwJy-nepw \nan--Im-c-W-am-
bn-cn-p {_-ns hymJym\w thZm--
nepw hnkvX-cnp sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Ch-
sbmpw ]c-kv]c hncp--a-. sshZyimkv{X-
n \nZm\w NnIn-, Huj-[-{]-tbm-Kw,
]Yyw apX-emb hn`n {]I-c-W--fp-v. Ah-
bp- s S- s bmw ]c- a - e yw tcmK- \ n- h m- c Ww
am{X-amWv AXp-t]mse krjvSn-bpsS Bdv Imc-
W--fn Hmtcmpw Hmtcm imkv{X-Im-c-m
hymJym-\n-n-cn-p-p. AXn-\m AXn-sempw
hntcm-[-an-. CXns hnkvXrX hymJym\w
krjvSn-{]-I-c-W-n sNmw. A[yb-\m-[ym-
]-\--fnse hnLv\--sf-sbmw XyPn--Ww.
ZpjvS kwkKw, Ip-Ip-Sn, thiym-K-a\w,
_mey-hn-hm-lw, (C-cp-]-n-bp hb-n\p
apv ]pcp-j-\pw, ]Xn-\mdp hb-n\p apv
kv{Xobpw hnhmlw sNp--Xv) ]qW-amb
{_-Ncyw ]men-m-Xn-cn-p-I, thZw XpS-
nb kXy-im-kv{X-sf {]N-cn-n-p--Xn
`c-Wm-[n-], amXm-]n-Xm--m, hnZzm-m
Fn-hv sshap-Jyw, AXn-`m-jW - w, A[nIw
Dd--sam-gn-p-I, ]Tn-p--Xn-epw, ]co-n--
s-Sp--Xnepw aSntbm Ifthm ImWn-p-I,
hnZym-em-`s kthm-]-cn-bmbn Icp-Xm-Xn-cn-
p-I, {_-N-cy-m _ew, _pn, ]cm-{I-
aw, Btcm-Kyw, cmPyw, [\w Fnh hn-p-
sap hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I, Cuiz-cs\ [ym\n-
msX Icn--n sImnb AtN-X\ hn{K-
l-sf hW-p--Xn shdpsX Imew If-
bp-I, A-\--am, AXn-Yn, Kpcp, hnZzm-m
Fn-hsc k-Xy-hn-{K-l--fmbn IcpXn Ah-
cpsS ip{iq-jbpw kwkKhpw sNm-Xn-cn-
pI, hWm{i-a-[a-sf XyPnv tKm]n-p-
57 tizXm-iz-Xt- cm-]\
- n-j
- n (1.2) krjvSn-
Im-cW
-
- f- n-sem-mbn Ime-ns\ KWn-n-p-v.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
dn, app-dn, `kva
- pdn Fnh [cn-p-I, s]mp-
sXm-Sp-I, cp{Zm--ame [cn-p-I, Xpf-kn-ame
[cn-p-I, GIm-Zin t\mp-I, {]tZm-j-{h-X-
am-N-cn-p-I, Imin apX-emb e--fn-tev
XoY-bm{X sNp-I, cma, IrjvW, \mcm-
b-W, inh, `K-hX - n, KW-]Xn apX-emb \ma-
kva-cWw Fn-h-bm ]m]-a-Ip t]mIp-
sap hniz-kn-p-I, I]-S-k-\ym-kn-am-cpsS D]-
tZiw tIv hnZym-`ym-k-n A{i-, hnZym-
[y- b - \ w, [am- \ p- j v T m- \ w, tbmKm- ` y- k - \ w,
Cuiz-tcm-]m-k\ Fn-h-sbmw shSnv
]pcm-W-sap ]d-bp `mK-hXw XpS-n-b-h-
bnse sIp-IY tIm tamw Inp-sap
hniz-kn-p-I, AXym-{K-lw, aqew [\-n
am{Xw {inv hnZysb shdp-p-I, Ap-anpw
shdpsX Ae-p-Xn-cn-bpI Cs\ ]e A\m-
h-iy-f - n s]Sp-h - {_-Nc - yhpw hnZybpw
km-Zn-msX tcmKn-Ifpw aqV-m-cp-am-bn-o-
cp-p. PmXn-ap-d-b-\p-k-cnv ZznP-cmb Cm-
es {_m-W ap--hsc hnZy, kwKw
Fn-h-bn \nv AIn X-fpsS he-bn
IpSpn Ah-cpsS ico-cw, a\-kv, [\w Fn-
hsb \in-n-p-Ibpw{Xn-bmZn PmXn-m
]Tnv hnZzm-m-cm-bm Ah X-fpsS IpSp-
n \nv c-sv X-fpsS I--c-sa-
m-a-dnv A]-am-\n-t-p-sap hnNm-cn-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. Cs\-bp hnLv\-sf
`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw P\-fpw tNv Hgn-hmn
X-fpsS asf ]Tn-p--h-cm-p-hm ico-
cw, a\-kv, [\w Fn-h-bm {]hn--Ww.
tNm kv{XoIfpw iq{Z-mcpw thZw ]Tn-
tWm? Ah ]Tn-m ]ns \mw Fp
sNpw? Ah ]Tn-Wsa-Xn\v {]amWw
Cs-p am{X-a \ntj-[-app Xm\pw:
kv { Xo iq{Zu \m[o- b m- X m- a nXn {iptXx
(kv{Xobpw iq{Z\pw ]Tn--cp-sXv {ipXnbp
p FYw) 58
D kIe kv { Xo]pcpj- mpwa- \ p-
jys-mw--]-Tn-m Ah-Im-i-ap-v. Cu
{ipXn hmIyw \n-fpsS kzw IrXn-bm-Wv.
{]mam-WnI {K--fn-sem-p-ap--X-. CXp-
58 \kv{Xo iq{Zu thZ-a[- o-bm-Xm-av,
Fv aoamw-kb- psS \ymb-{]-Imi SoIm-Im-c
cY-Im-cs At\ym-[m-\m-[n-Im-cs - av
{]I-cW
- m-y-n-ep-c - n-n-p-v.
55
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
ambn t]mbn InW-n NmSn-smI. kIe
a\p-jypw thZmZn imkv{X- ]Tn-p-
hm\pw sNmn-tp-hm\pw A[n-Im-c-ap-s-
-Xn\v bPpthZw Ccp-]-n-bm-dm-a-ym-b-
nse cm-as a{w {]am-W-amWv:
btY-amw hmNw Ieym-Woam-hZ- m\n Pt\`yx
{_-cm-P-\ym`ym(Mv) iq{Zmb Nmcymb N
kzmb Nmc-Wm-b.
Cuiz-c ]d-bp-p (b-Ym) Fs\ Rm
(P-t\-`yx) kI-e-a-\p-jypw (C-amw) Cu (I-
eym-Wow) awK-f-{]-Z-bmb AYhm kwkm-c-
n \nv tam-kpJw \Ip (hm-Nw)
EtKz-ZmZn \mep thZ-hm-Wn-Isf (B hZm-\n)
D]-tZ-in-p-p-thm, As\ \nfpw sNbvXp-
sIm-n-cn-n. ""ChnsS P\-i-_vZ-sa--Xn\v
ZznP-msc am{X-amWv {K-ln-t--Xv. Fs-
m, kvarXn-I-fnepw ap {_m-W---{Xn-b-
-ssh-iyp am{Xta thZm-[y-b-\-n A[n-
Im-c-ap--Xmbn ]d-n-p-q. kv{XoItm
iq{Zm-Zn-Itm A[n-Im-c-ap-sv ]d-n-
n'' Fp kwibw tXmmw. AXn-\p--c-
ambn ]d-bp--XmWv {_lva-cmP-\ym`ymw Fp
XpS-p a{-`m-Kw. Cuiz-c Acp-fp-Xp
t\mp-I ({_-cm-P-\ym-`ymw) {_m-W,
{Xn- b Fn- h pw (A- c ym- b )
sshiy\pw (iq-{Zm-b) iq{Z\pw (kzm-b) Xs
`rXy-m, kv{XoI apX-em-b-hpw (A-c-
Wm-b) AXn-iq-{Z-mp-am-bn-mWv thZ-sf
\mw {]Im-in-n-n-p-X- v. Fm a\p-jycpw thZ-
]Tn-n-p-I-bpw, ]Tn-p-I-bpw, tIp-
I-bpw, tIn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv m\s
hn-n-v, kXvIa sNp-Ibpw ZpjvIr-
Xy XyPn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv, ZpxJ--fn
\nv hnap--cmbn ]c-am-\-s {]m]n-p-
am-dm-Is FYw. C\n ]d-bp-I, \n-fpsS
hmn-s\tbm, Cuiz-c-hm-Wn-tbtbm Rm
hne hbv Ww? Cuiz- c o- b - h - N \w Xs
km-\yw. Fnpw AXns\ am\n-m--bm
\mkvXn-I-\m-Wv. ""\mkvXntIm thZ-\n-Ix''
thZs \nn-p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-
Ibpw sNp--h-\mWv \mkvXn-I. iq{Z-cpsS
\ Cuiz-c Cn-p-nt? thZm-[yb-\hpw
thZ- { i- h - W hpw ZznPp hn[n- p- I bpw
iq{Zv hne-p-Ibpw sNp-hm X-hw
Cuiz-c ]-]m-Xn-bmtWm? iq{Zv {ih-
A[y-b\ A[ym-]\ k{-Zmbw
Whpw ]T- \ hpw \njn- - s a- n Ahv
\mpw-sN-hnbpw sImSp--sX-n\v? ]rYn-hn,
Pew, An, hmbp, N{, kqcy, AmZn
]ZmY- Fn-h-sbmw Fm-hpw D]-
tbm-Kn-p-hm-\mbn krjvSn-n-cn-p-X - p-t]mse
Fm a\p-jypw thn-bmWv thZ-{]-Im-i-
\-hpw. C\n iq{Z A[y-b\w sN-cp-sXp
h \ntj-[hpw Fm\pw Ds-n Xs
AXns AYw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ]Tn-p-Ibpw
]Tn-n-p-I-bpw sNbvXm a\-n-em-m
Ah a-_p-nbpw aqV-\p-am-bX - p-sImv iq{Z-
\m-Wv. Ah ]Tn-p-Xpw Ahs\ ]Tn-n-
p-Xpw \njv^-e-am-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-X-s,
kv{XoI ]Tn--cp-sXv hne-p-Xv \n-
fpsS aqV-X-bp-sSbpw kzmY-n-sbpw B[n-
Iy-a
- msX asm-p-a - . I\y-Ia
- mv A[y-b\w
hn[n-p {]amWw t\mp-I
{_- N - t cyW I\ym- b p- h m\w hntX
]Xnav (A-Y 11.24.3.18) ]pcp-j - m {_-Ncyw
A\p-jvTn-v, ]qW-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw D-aamb
in-Whpw t\Sn bphXnIfpw hnZp-jn-I-fpw,
A\p-Iq-e-I-fpw, A\p-cq-]-I-fpw, {]nb-I-fp-amb
]Xv\n-amsc kzoI-cn-p--Xp-t]mse (I-\ym)
I\y-Ibpw ({_--N-tcy-W) {_-Ncyw A\p-
jvTn-v, thZm-Zn-im-kv{X- ]Tn-v, ]qW-hn-
Zybpw D-ai - n-W- hpw t\Sn ]qW buh\w
{]m]n-p-tm X\nv Xpey\pw {]nb\pw
hnZzm\pw (bp-hm-\m-av) bphm-hp-amb ]pcp-js\
(hn--tX) {]m]n-s FYw. AXn-\m
kv{XoIv {_-N-cyhpw hnZym-`ym-khpw
AXy-m-t]-n-X-am-Wv.
tNm kv { XoIfpw thZm- [ y- b \w sN
tWm?
D \n-b-am-bpw. {iuX-kq{Xw XpS-nb
{K--fn ""Caw a{w ]Xv\o ]tTXv'' 59.
bmK- n ]Xv \ n a{w sNmWw Fp
59 ]Xv\nw hmN-bXn ta[ym-ta-ssh\mw ItcmXn
]ssXy-{]-Zmb hmN-tb-Zv.... thtZmfkn hnn-ckn
(Bizem-b\ {iuXkq{Xw 1. 11) bXv ]Xv\o
]ptcmf\p hmIym-a{- _q-bmXv (ssXcob
{_mWw. 1.6.5.6.) mtX N hmN\w \ly
hnZzm hnlntXmf-kvXn.(ao-amwk 3.8.18)
Ch-bn-semw a{-]mTw hnZp-jn-bmb kv{Xot
sNm Ignbq Fp hy-am-p-p.
60 iX]-Y{- _m-Ww14.6.6.
KmKo-bm-h - e
- vIy-kw-hm-Zw.
56
 aqmw kap-mkw
\nt-in-p-p-v. thZm-Zn-im-kv{X- A[y-
b\w sNbvXn-n-m Hcp kv{Xov bmK-n
kzc-k-lnXw a{w D-cn-m-t\m, kwkvIr-X-
n kwkm-cn-p-hmt\m F-s\ Ignbpw?
`mc- X o- b - \ m- c o- k - a q- l - ns `qj- W amb
KmKnbpw apw thZ-im-kv{X-]-cwKXbmb hnZp-
jn-bm-bn-cp-sv iX-]-Y-{_m-Ww ]d-bp-
p. 60 ]pcp-j ]Tn-p--h-\pw, kv{Xo ]Tn-n-
m--h-fp-am-bn-cn-pI AYhm ]pcp-j ]ma-
c, kv{Xo hnZp-jnbpw Fp hm hoSp-
tXmdpw kZm tZhm-kp-c-bpw \S-pw. ]ns
Krl-kp-Jw FhnsS? kv{XoI ]Tn-m-sX-bn-
cp-m I\ym-]m-T-im-e-bn Ah-sc-s\
A[ym-]n-I-am-cmIpw? \ymb-m[n-]XnXzw XpS-
nb cmPy- I mcyw t]mse Kuc- h - a p
Krlm-{i-a-Ir-Xy- \nh-ln-p-I, Z-Xn-
am ]c-kv]cw {]oXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn hn-p-I,
Krl-`-cWw kv{XobpsS A[o-\-n Imcy--
a-ambn \S-pI apX-em-bh kv{XoIv ]Tn-
n-m-Xn-cp-m Fs\ \Spw?
Bcym- h - nse {Xnb kv { XoI
[\pth-Zw--bp--hn-Zy--IqSn \mbn Adn-n-
cp-p. As-n ssItI-bnbpw apw Zi-c-Y-
t\mSpw apw tNv bp-`q-an-bn-en-dn t]mcm-
Sn-b-sX-s\? 61 {_m-W-kv{Xo-Ifpw kIe
hnZy-Ifpw A`y-kn--Ww. sshiy-kv{Xo-I
s]cp-am coXnbpw iq{Z-kv{Xo-I shp-]Wn
apX-em-bh - bpw A`y-kn-W - w. hymI-cW
- w, [a-
im-kv{Xw, kmaq-ly-\oXn Fn-h-sbmw ]pcp-
j-m Gsd-psd A`y-kn-p-Xp-t]mse
kv{XoIfpw hymI-cW - w, [a-im-kv{Xw, sshZyw,
KWn-Xw, inev]-hnZy Fn-h-sbmw \n-b-
ambpw ]Tn-Ww. ]Tn-n-s-n kXym-k-Xy-
sf Xncn-d - n-bpI `m-hn-t\mSpw apw A\p-
Iq-e-ambn s]cp-am-dp-I, km\-p Pw
\In bYm-hn[n hfn ]Tn-n-p-I, Krl-
Ir- X y- - s fmw th- X p- t ]mse sNp- I ,
sNn-pI Fn-h-sbmpw Ahp Ign-bp-
-X-. sshZy-m-\-ap-s-nte Huj-[-Xp-
ey-amb A-]m-\m-Zn-I Dm-p-hm\pw Dm-
n-p-hm\pw km[nq. inev]-hn-Zy-bn Adn-
hn-s-n hoSp ]Wn-bn-p-hm-\pw, hkv{X-,
B`- c - W - Fnh Dm- np- h m\pw
61 hmevaoIn cmam-bW
- w,
Atbm-[ym-ImWvUw 9.11 & 11.18 &19
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
km[y-a - . IWv ]Tn-n-s-n hc-hp-sN-ehp
IW-p-I a\-n-em-p-hm\pw ap--h-tcmSp
IWp ]d-bp-hm\pw Ign-bp--X-. thZm-Zn-im-
kv{X--fpsS m\-an-s-n Cuiz-c-t\bpw
[a- t bpw Adnv A[a- n \nv
AIp \np-hm km[y-a-, AXn-\m
{_-N-cyw, D-a-in-, hnZym-`ymkw Fn-
h- b m kzk- m- \ - - f psS ico- c - n\pw
Bflm-hn\pw ]qW-_-e-ap-m-n, Ahsc
amXm-]n-Xm-, `m-hv, iz{ip-iziqc-m,
`c- W m- [ n- ] , P\- , Abhm- k n- I ,
kvt\lnX, _p-, km-\- apX-em-
b-ht- cmSv [aw, tbmKyX Fn-hb - v\- p-kc - nv
s]cp-am-dm {]m]vX-cm-p amXm-]n-Xm--
fmWv IrX-Ir-Xycpw [\y-hm-Zml-cpw. sImSp-
pw-tXmdpw Gdp A-b-\n[n CXp-X-s-
bm-Wv. ap-ff k-smw sNehp sNpw-
tXmdpw Ipd-bpw. Ah-Im-in-I hoXw hs-
Sppw. hnZym-[\w am{Xta I-mv Im
\pw Ah-Im-in-Iv hoXn-s-Sp-m\pw Ign-
bm--Xm-bp-q. AXns c-Ww, h[\w
Fnh `c- W m- [ n- ] - s bpw P\- - f p- s Sbpw
Xpey-I-hy-fmWv.
I\ym\mw k{-Zm\w N Ipam-cmWmw N
cWav (a-\p. 7. 152) _me-m-scbpw I\y-I-
am-scbpw ap]-d Imev {_-N-cym-\p-
jvTm-\-tmsS ]Tn-n-t-Xv `c-Wm-[n-]s
I- h y- a m- W v . Cu Bsb A\p- k - c n-
m amXm-]n-Xm--msc inn--Ww. Fp
hbp XnI BIp-n-Ifpw s]Ip-n-
Ifpw Kpcp-Kr-l-n-e-msX asmcp honepw
]m-cp-Xv. kam-h-\-n\p apv hnhmlw
sNp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. Fp cmP-I-ev]\ Dm-
Ww FYw.
kcvth-jm-tah Zm\m\mw {_-Zm\w hnin-
jy-tX. hmcy-tKm-a-lo-hm-k-kvXn-e-Im--\-
kchv]n-jmav (a-\p. 4.233) Pew, Aw, ]ip,
`qan, hkv{Xw, Fv, kzWw s\v XpS-n-
bh Zm\w sNp--Xnepw t{ijvTw thZ-hn-Zym-
Zm-\a- m-Wv. AXn-\m ico-cw, [\w, a\v Fn-
h-bm Ign-bp-{X ]cn-{i-anv hnZym-`n-hr-n-
bp-m--Ww. {_-N-cyw, hnZym-`ym-kw, thZ-
hn- l n- X - [ aw Fn- h bv pw Al- a mb
{]Nmcw knn-p cmPy-amWv ku`m-Ky-ap
tZiw.
57
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw hnZym-`ymk k{-Zmbw
{_- N - c ym- { i- a - nse inW{Iaw
kwt-]-ambn ]d-p. ASp \memw kap-
m- k - n kam- h - \ w. Krl- m- { ia
inWw Fn-h-sb-gp-Xmw.
{ioaZv-bm-\ kc-kzXn kzman-I-fm
hnc-Nn-X-amb kXymY-{]-Im-i-n
in-W-hn-jbw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p
aqmw kap-mkw Ign-p.

58
 \memw kap-mkw
\memw kap-mkw
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
Fn-h-sb-n ]dbmw
AY kam-h\ hnhm-l-Kr-lm-{i-a-hn[nw hymax
thZm-\-[oXy thZu hm thZw hm]n bYm-
{Iaw. AhnpX-{_--Ntcym Krl-m-{ia
amhn-tiXv. (a-\pkvarXn 3.2) {_-N-cy-n
BNm-cys\ A\p-k-cnp hknv [am-\p-k-
cWw \mtem aqtm ctm AYhm Hcp
thZtam AwK--tfmSpw D]mw-K--tfmSpw IqSn
A[yb\w sNbvX-tijw AJ-WvUnX {_-
Ncyw ioen ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw Krl-m-
{iaw ssIsm--Ww.
Xw {]XoXw kz[-cvtaW {_-Zm-b-lcw
]nXpx. {kKznWw Xev] Bko-\-acvl-tbXv
{]Y-aw-Khm. (a-\pkvarXn 3.3)
ANvOs-b-Sp- \ntm BNm-cys
ASp- \ntm kz[aw A\p-k-cnv {_-
Zm-b-s--hn-Zy-bm-Ip `mK-s km-Zn--
tijw ame- b - W nv In- e n Ccn- p
hnZymnsb Kpcp BZy- a mbn tKmZm\w
sNbvXv k-cn--Ww. I\y-I-bpsS ]nXmhpw
As\ tKmZm\w sImv Abmsf k-
cn--Ww.
Kpcp-Wm\paXx kv\mXzm kam-hrtm
bYm- h n[n. DZz- t lX ZzntPm `mcymav
khcvWmw e-Wm-\znXmav (a-\pkvarXn 3.4)
Kpcp-hns B-{]-Imcw Ipfn-v 1 Kpcp-
Ip-e-n \nv hn[n-{]-Imcw aSn h-Xn\p
1 Kpcp-Ip-e-nse _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bpsS t]cv
kv\mX-Is\mWv.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
4
tijw {_m- W - - - { Xn- b - - s sh- i y- m
hWm-\p-Iq-e-ambn kp-cnbpw e-W-bp--
bp-amb I\y-Isb hnhmlw sN-Ww.
Ak-]nWvUm N bm amXp-c-ktKm {Xm N
bm ]nXpx. km {]-ikvXm ZznPm-Xo-\mw Zmc-
IcvaWn ssaYpt\ (a-\pkvarXn 3.5)
A-bpsS Ipe-n Bdp Xe-ap-d-bmbn
_w hbvm-X - pw ]nXr-tKm-{X-n s]Sm-
-Xp-amb I\y-Isb hnhmlw sNp--Xm-Wp-
Nn-Xw. CXns {]tbm-P\w ]tcm-{- ]nbm Ch
ln tZhmx -{]-Xy--Zznjx (i-X-]-Yw) 2
]tcm- - h - k v X p- h n Df- h m- I p {]nbw
{]Xy--h-kvXp-hn \n-b-ambpw Dm-hp-I-
bn-. Hcp-h Iev--ns KpW- tI-
dn-nt Dq. Xnn-n. Fn Ahs
a\kv kZm Iev--n Bk--am-bn-cn-
pw. ]tcm-amb ]Zmns\ ]pI-gv-p-
Xp tIp-tm AXp Inp-hm Ie-i-
emb sImXn-bp-m-Ipw. AXp-t]mse Zqc--
bm-b, kzw Ipe-n-tem A-bpsS Ipe-
ntem ASp Nm-bn--m I\y-Isb
Xs-bmWv hnhmlw sNt--Xv. AI-Xpw
ASp--Xp-amb hnhm-l--fpsS KpW-tZm-j-
]d-bmw.
1. _mey-Imew apX ASp-S- pp ]mv
2 iX-]Yw 14.6.11.2
59
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Hcp-an-p-I-fn-v, CW-n-bpw ]nW-nbpw \Sv
kz`m-h-Kp-Whpw tZmjhpw Ipn-m-es N]-
e-X-Ifpw Adnv ]c-kv]cw \cm-bn-tmepw
In-p--h Xn hnhmlw sNbvXm
Ahv ]c-kv]-c-t{]aw Hcn-epw Dm-hp-I-
bn-.
2. sh-n shw tNp--Xp-sImv
hne--W-Kp-W-sampw Dm-Ip-n AXp-
t]mse A-stbm A-bp-sStbm Ipe-n
\np hnhmlw sNp--Xp-sImv ico-c-n-
ep [mXp- amdna-dn-bm-bvI-bm km-\-
]-c--cbvv DXn e`n-p-I-bn-.
3. ]men i-c-tbm Nptm ap acp-p-
Itfm tNm AXp IqSp-X \-Xm-Ipw.
AXp-t]mse `n tKm{X--fn P\n--h--
A--stbm A-bp-sStbm hwiw hgn _-
an- m- - h Xn hnhmlw sNp- Xv
t{ijvT-am-Wv.
4. Hcp tZip hkn-p-tm tcmK-{K-kvX-
\m-bn-cn-p--bm ew amdn-m-a-kn-m
hmbp, `-Ww, shw, apX-em-b-h-bn amw
hcp--Xp-sImv tcmK-ap--\m-Ip--Xp-t]mse
Zqc-tZ-io-b Xn-ep hnhmlw Da^ew
\Ipw.
5. kao-]-p-\np hnhmlw sNbvXm
At\ym-\y-ap kpJ-Zpx-J- Adn-bp-hm\pw
]c-kv]c hntcm-[-ap-m-Ip-hm\pw CS-bp-v.
AIp ]mp--hv- C-Xn-\n-S-bm-hp-I-bn-.
Zqcw hnpwtXmdpw t{]a- X - p- h n\v
ssZLyhpw ZmVyhpw hn-pw. kao-]
cpsS Imcy-n-en-s\ kw`-hn-n-.
6. Zqc-tZ-i- f- n _w hm Ahn-Sps
h-am-\--f-dn-bp-hm\pw ]Zm- Inp-
hm\pw Ffp- - a p- v . ASp {]tZ- i p
hnhmlw sNbvXm AXv km[y-a-. AXp-sIm-
mWv ZplnXm ZpcvlnXm Zqtc lnXm `h-Xo-
Xn 3 I\y-Isb Zqc--ev hnhmlw sNbvX-
bbv-p-Xv t{ib-kvI-c-am-I-bmepw ASpp
sNbv X - b bv - p- Xv Am- b v I - b m- e p- a mWv
Ahv ZplnXm Fp t]cp h-Xv.
7. s]Ip-n-I ]nXr-Kr-l-n-tebvp
sNp-tm-sgmw Ahp hXpw sImSpt
Xocq. AXn-\ m I\ym-] n-Xm-h ns hon
3 \ncpw 3.4
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
Zmcn{Zyw Dm-Ip-hm\pw CS-bp-v.
8. `mcym-`m--m-cpsS ]nXr--Kr--l-
ASp-n-cp-m Ahn-sS-\nv klmbw e`n-
p-sa lpv Ccp-Iq-pw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.
AXp-\n-anw `mcym-`m--m sNdp-Xmbn
]nW-p-tm-tgpw `mcy -Xs hon-tebvp
s]mbv-f-bpw. Xqew Ccp-Iq-pw Xn
\nbpw hntZz-jhpw hn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
Fs-m an-hmdpw s]p-f - psS kz`mhw
hfsc XovWhpw arZphpw BIp-p.
CXymZn Imc-W--fm ]nXr-tKm-{X-n
\ntm Bdp Xe-ap-dI - f
- n GsX-nepw _w
hn-p amXr-Ip-e-n \ntm ASp
ep \ntm hnhmlw sNp-Xv \-X-
.
alm-y]n kar-m\n tKmfPmhn-[-\-[m-
\yXx. kv{Xo kw_t Zssi-Xm\n Ipem\n
]cn-hcvP-tbXv (Sn. 3.6)
[\w, [m\yw, ]ip, BSv, B\, IpXn-c,
cmPyw, kv{Xo apX-em-b-h-sbmw F{X kar--
am-bp-s-n-epw C\n Fgp-Xp ]p Ipe--
fp-am-bp-ff hnhm-l-_w hPn--Ww.
lo\-{Inbw \njv]p-cpjw \oivOtm tcma-
imcvikw. m-a-bm-hy-]-kvam-cn-izn-{Xn-Ip-
jvTn-Ip-em\n N. (Sn. 307)
kXvIa- sNm--Xv, kXv]p-cp-j-m-
cn-m--Xv, thZm[y-b-\-n sshap-Jy-ap--
Xv, DS-en \o tcma--fp--h-cpXv, Ai-
kv, bw, Imk-izm-k-, An-am-yw, A]-
- - kvam-cw, ]mv, IpjvTw, Fo tcmK--fp-f-f-
Xv , Fo Ipe- - f n ]nd- - h Xn
hnhmlw ]mSn-. Fs-m Cu ]d
tZmj-fpw tcmK-fpw ]I-cp--Xm-Wv. AXn-
\m D-a-Ip-e--fn-ep--h Xn am{Xta
hnhmlw ]mSp-q.
t\mZz-tl-Xv I-]nemw I\ymw \m[n-ImwKow
\tcm-KnWow. \mtem-anImw \mXn-temamw \
hmNmSmw \ ]nwKfmw (Sn. 3.8)
a-\n-d-ap--h, ]pcp-j-t\-m XSn-an-Sp-
p--h, tcmKn-Wn, Xosc tcma-an-m--h,
hfsc tcma-ap--h, hmbm-Sn, Nph Ip-
- h , C- s \- b p s]In- S m- sf
th-cp-Xv.
60
 \memw kap-mkw
\cvh - r-\ - Z- o-\mav\ow \my-]cvhX- \
- m-
anImw. \ ]y-ln-t{]-jy-\mav\ow \ N `oj-
W-\m-an-Imw. (Sn. 3.9)
Aizn-\o. `c-Wo, tcmln-WotZ-hn, tch-Xo -
_m-bn, Nnco apX-emb \-{X-\m-a--fp--
h, Xpf-ko, Imn, tdmkn, sN-Iw, apX-emb
hr-\m-a--fp--h, KwKm, bap-\m, apX-em-
b \Zo-\m-a--fp--h; NWvUmfo apX-emb
t- \ m- a - - f p- - h hny, lnam- e - b n,
]mhXn apX- e mb ]h- X - \ m- a - - f p- - h ,
tImIn-e, ssa\, apX-emb ]n-\m-a--fp--
h \mKo, `pPwKm apX-emb k-\m-a--fp-
-h, amt[m-Zm-ko, aocm-Zm-kn, CXymZn t{]jy-
\m-a--fp--h `oa-Ip-amcn NWvUn-Im, Imfo
apX-emb `b--c-\m-a--fp--h C-s\-bp
I\y-I-amsc hnhmlw sN-cp-Xv. Fs-m
C-d t]cp-I Ipn-X - fpw ap ]Zm-
sf Ipdn-p--h-bp-am-Ip-p. Ahyw-KmwKow
skuay-\mav\ow lwk-hm-c-W-Km-an\ow. X\p-
tem-at- I-iZ- i- \mw arZzw-Ko-ap-Zz-tlXv kv{Xnbw
(Sn. 3.10) sshI-eyhpw sshcq-]y-hp-an-m
AwK--fp-, btimZm kpJZm apX-emb a[p-
c-\m-a--fp-, lwk-n-s-tbm ]nSn-bm-\-bp-
sStbm t]mse \S-p kqva--fmb tcma-
, Xe-ap-Sn, ]p-I, Fn-h-bp tIma-f-
-fmb AwK--tfmSp IqSnb I\y-I-sb-bmWv
hnhmlw sNt--Xv.
tNm: hnhm-l-n\v Ghpw \ Imew
GXmWv? Ghpw \ coXn GXmWv?
D-cw ]Xn-\mdp apX Ccp]p hb-
p-hsc I\y-Ibvpw Ccp-]-p hbp
apX \mev]-sp hbkp hsc ]pcp-j\pw
hnhm-l-{]m-b-am-Wv. Fnepw ]Xn-\mdmw hb-
kn kv{Xobpw Ccp-]-n-bmw hb-n
]pcp-j\pw hnhmlw sNp-Xv A[-a-am-Wv.
18 As-n 20 hb-n kv{Xobpw 30, 32
AYhm 40 hb- n ]pcp- j \pw hnhmlw
sNp-Xv ay-a-am-Ip-p. 24 hbp XnI
kv { Xobpw 48 hbp XnI ]pcp- j \pw
Xn hnhmlw sNp--XmWv D-aw. C{]-
Imcw t{ijvT-amb hnhml \nb-ahpw {_-N-
cy-tmSp IqSnb hnZym-`ym-khpw \mbn {]N-
cn-p tZi-amWv kpJ-k-q-ambn `hn-
p--Xv. {_-N-cy-\n-jvT-amb hnZym-`ym-k-a-
msX _mey-Im-ehpw Atbm-Ky Xn-ep
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
hnhm-lhpw \S-p cmPyw ZpxJ-n apgp-
Ip-p. Fs-m, {_-Nc - y-\n-jvTa
- mb hnZym-
`ym-kw, hnhm-l-k-{-Zmbw Fnh ]cn-jv-
cn-m Fmw \m-Ipw. Ch cpw Zpjn-m
Fmw Zpjn-pw.
tNm (1) AjvS-hcvjm `th-ZvKuco \h-
hcvjm N tcmlnWo. Zi-hcvjm `thZv I\ym-
X-X -Ducv[zw cP-kzem.
(2) amXm ssNh ]nXm Xkym tPyjvtTm-
{`mXm XssYh N. {Xb-kvtX- -\-cIw bmn
ZrjvSzm I\ym cP-kz-emav.
Cu cp tmI- ]mcm-icn-bnepw 4
io{L-t_m-[ -- n-epw 5 Fgp-Xn-m-Wp--h-bm-
Wv. Fm-as hb-n Kucn Fpw H-
Xm-as hb-n tcmlnWo Fpw ]m-
as hb-kn I\ym Fpw AXn\p tijw
cP-kzem Fpw s]Ip-n-Iv t]cp ]d-
bp- p. ]p hbkp XnI- b p- - X p- h sc
IeymWw Ign-p-sIm-Sp-msX, s]Ip-nsb
cP-kz-e-bmbn ImWm-\n-S-bm-Ip amXm-]n-Xm-
, tPy-jvTk-tlm-Z-c Fo aqp-t]cpw
\c-I-n ]Xn-p--Xm-Wv FmWv tmI-
-fpsS Aw.
D {_tm-hmN ({_-mhp ]dp:)
(1) GI-Wm `thZv Kucn Zzn-tW-bw
Xp tcmlnWo. {XnWm km `thXv I\ym
lyX -Ducv[zw cP-kzem.
(2) amXm ]nXm XYm {`mXm amXptem
`Kn\o kzIm. kcvh tX \cIw bmn ZrjvSzm-
I\ymw cP-kzemav.
CunsS Dm-nb {_-]p-cm-W-n-ep
hN-\-am-Wn-Xv. F{X kabw sImv Hcp ]c-
amWp Nen-p-thm A{X ka-b-sbmWv
Hcp Ww Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Hcp s]Ipn
]nd--m Ahv BZys W-n
Kucn Fpw cm- a s W- n
tcmlnWn aqm-as W-n I\yI
Fpw kw-I BIpp. \mem-as
W-n Ah cP-kz-e-bm-bn-o-cp-p. (1)
4 ]mcm-i-co-kvar-Xnv eLp, _rlXv Fo
]mT--fp-v. eLp-]m-T-nse 7mw
A[ymbw 6 Dw 8 tmI--fm-Wn-h.
5 io{L-t_m[w 1mw A[ymbw tm. 54,65 (]-Xn-ns
hyXym-ka - \
- p-kc
- nv tmI-kw-Jybpw amdpw)
61
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
A{]-Imcw cP-kzebmb I\y-Isb ImWp
W- n Xs Ah- f psS A\pw
Abpw ktlm-Z-c\pw Am-h\pw ktlm-Z-
cn-amcpw Fmw \c-I-n ]Xn-pp (2)
FmWv CXns Aw.
tNm Cu ]d tmI- {]am- W -
tfm?
D Fp-sIm--. {_m-hns tmI-
t]mepw {]am-W-a-s-n \n-fpsS ]Zy-fpw
{]am-W-a-.
tNm sImmw- s - Im-mw. ]cm-ic - \pw Imin-
\m-Y\pw {]mamWyw Cstm?
D: _te-t`jv! {_mhpw {]mam-Wn-I-\-s-
tm. ]cm-i-c-t\bpw Imio-\m-Y-s\bpw Im
{_mhv hen-b-h-\-s-tm.- \n-- {_m-
hns tmI-sf hI hbvp-n-s-n ]cm-
i-c-stbm Imio-\m-Y-stbm tmI-sf
Rpw th.
tNm: \n-fpsS tmI-n Akw-`-hy-ap-
-Xn-\m {]am-W-a-. P\-\-k-a-bp Xs
At\-Im-bncw W- Ign-p-t]m-Ip-p.
AXn-\n-S-bn hnhmlw Fs\ \Spw? B
ka- b p hnhmlw \S- p- Xp sImv
bmsXmcp ^e-hp-an--Xm-\pw.
D: Fs tmI-n Akw-`hy-tZm-j-ap-
s-n AXv \n-fpsS tmI-n-ep-ap-v.
Fs-m Fv, HXv As-n ]p
hbp {]mb-am-Ip-tm hnhmlw sNp-Xv
\njv^ew Xs. ]Xn-\mdp hbp Ignv
Ccp- ] - n- \ mep hb- n- \ Iw hnhmlw
sNbv X m ]pcp- j s hocyw ]cn- ] - I zhpw
icocw _en- j v T - h p- a m- I - b m- e pw kv { XobpsS
K`m-ibw hfp Ign-Xpw icocw _-en-
(a-ljn-bpsS ASn-p-dn-m-WnXv ]cn-`m-jI
- t- -X- )
* hnhm-tlm-Nn-X-amb hb-kns\ {]m]n-n-n-m
kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS K`m-[m-\s [\z--co-ap\n
Cs\ kp{ip-X-n\n-tj-[n-p-p.
Du\-tjm-Uicvh - jm-bm-a{- ]m]vXx ]-hnw-iX - nav
bZym-[t ]pam Kcv`w Ipnx k hn]-ZytX
PmtXm hm \ Nnc-RvPo-th-o-th-Zzm-Zpcv_t- e-{nbx
Xkvam-Z-Xy--_m-embw Kcv`m-[m\w \ Imc-tbXv
(kp-{ip-Xw, ico-c-m\w 10. 47-48)
AYw: ]Xn-\mdp hbkp XnI-bm kv{Xobn Ccp-]-
p hbkp {]mb-am-Im ]pcp-j K`m-[m\w sNp-
-Xm-bm B K`w Ipn-bn-en-cpv hn]-ns\ {]m]n-
p-p, AXm-b-Xv, K`-Imew ]qW-am-b-tijw Dev]--
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
jvThp-amI-bmepw D-a-k-m\w P\n-p-p.
5
Fp hbp {]mb-amb Ipnv km-t\m-
ev ] n Akw- ` - h y- a m- b n- c n- p- - X p- t ]mse
Kuco, tcmlnWo apX- e mb t]cn- S p- Xpw
Akw-`-h-am-Wv.
I\yI Kuc-hW-b - . Idp-h - f
- m-sW-n
Kucn Fp hnfn-p-Xv icn-b-. IqSmsX
Kucn alm-tZ-h-s-bpw tcmlnWn hkp-tZ-h-
sbpw ]Xv\-n-am-cm-bn-cp-p. ]pcm-W-hn-izm-kn-
I-fmb \n Ahsc amXr-Xpeyw _lp-am-
\n-p-p. kIe I\y-Ia - mcpw Kucn-bm-sWpw
apw k-ev]n-m ]ns hnhmlw sNp--
Xm-sc-bmWv? AYhm sNbvXmepw B hnhmlw
[am-\p-kr-X-am-Iptam? AXn-\m \n-fp-
sSbpw Fsbpw tmI- shdpw `mh-\-bm-
Wv. Rm {_tm-hmNm Fp-]-d-v tmIw
Dm-n-b-Xp-t]mse ]cm-icm-Zn-I-fpsS t]cpw
]dv tmI-ap-m-n. Ccw {]am-W--
sf-sbmw hen-s-dn-v, thZ-sf {]am-W-
amn Fm-Im-cy-fpw sNWw. 6 a\p-kvarXn
t\mpI:
{XoWo hcvjm-Wyp-Zo-tX Ipam-cyr-Xp-
aXo kXo. Ducvzw Xp Imem-tZ-X-kvam-Zzn-
tX kZriw ]Xnav (a-\p. 9. 90)
I\yI EXp-a-Xn-bmb tijw aqp-sImw
Ign-bp--Xp-hsc `m-hns\ At\z-jn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw A\p-cq-]-\mb
]pcp-js\ `m-hmbn hcn-p-Ibpw sN-
Ww. Bhw amkw-tXm-dp-am-Wv. aqm-p-
sImv ap-mdp {]mhiyw cP-kz-e-bm-b-Xn-
\p-tijw hnhm-ln-X-bm-Ip-I-bm-Wp-Nn-Xw. ap-
.
Imaa-ma-c-Wm-n-jvtTZv Krtl I\ycvp-
am-hp-n-. Dev]--am-bms ZoL-Imew Pohn-p-
I-bn-. Pohn-mepw Zp_-te-{n-b\
- m-bn-cn-pw. AXn-\m
AXn-_m-eym-h--bn K`-[m-cWw ]mSn Cs\
krjvSn{Iaw ImWp-Ibpw _pn-sImv Btem-Nn-p-Ibpw
sNp-tm 16 hbkp XnI-bm kv{Xobpw 25 XnI-
bm ]pcp-j\pw k-Xyp-ev]m-Z-\--a-c Fp sXfn-
bp-p. CXn\p hn]-coXw sNp--h ZpxJ-ns `mK-
`m-p-I-fm-hpIbpw sNpw.
6 GX-Zpw `hXn at{-ssW-hm-\p-krXw Icv-
Icv-hyav (a-{-th-Z-sf A\p-k-cnp am{Xta
Iaf-\p-jvTn-mhq Fp ]d-n-p-v. kvI
-\n-cp--So-Im-1-2. 1mw `mKw 19-mw t]Pv
62
 \memw kap-mkw
a-Xy]n. \ssN-ssh\mw {]b-tp KpW-lo-
\mb Icvln-NnXv (Sn. 9.89)
BWpw s]pw ac-W-]-cyw Ahn-hm-ln-
X-cm-bn-cn--s. ]t Ak-Zr-i--A-t\ym\yw
tN-bn-m KpW-Ia kz`m-h--tfm-Sp-Iq-
Sn-b-h Xn hnhmlw Hcn-epw ]mSn-.
{]mbw XnI-bp--Xn\p aptm tN-bn-m--
h Xntem hnhmlw sNp-Xv icn-b-sv
CXp-sImp knn-p-p.
tNm: hnhmlw A-\--amcpsS CjvSw
t]msetbm Ipn-I-fpsS CjvSw t]msetbm
thXv?
D: Ipn-I-fpsS CjvS-a-\p-k-cnv hnhmlw
\S-p--Xm-Wv D-aw. A-\--amv k-
X-am-sW-nepw Ipn-I-fpsS k-X-an-msX
hnhmlw \S- p- Xp \- X - . ]c- k v ] c
kwXr-]vXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn hnhmlw sNp Z-
Xn-amv ]c-kv]c hntcm[w hfscpdp
am{Xta Dm-hp-Ib - p-q. km-\
- A[nIw
\m- b n- c n- p- I bpw sNpw. Akw- X r- ] v X n-
tbmSp IqSn \S-p hnhmlw kZm ZpxJ-{]-
Z-am-hp-Itb Dq. hnhm-l-ns ^ew A\p-
`-hn-t--h h[q-h-c-m-cm-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm--
m-c - . ]c-kv]cw kvt\l-ap-m-bm kpJhpw
hntcm-[-ap-m-bm ZpxJhpw `mcy-m`m--
mp am{Xta Dq.
kpjvtSm `mcybm -`cvm `cvm `mcym
XssYh N. bkv a n- t - h - I pte \nXyw
IeymWw X{X ssh {[phav (Sn. 3.60)
`mhv `mcy-tbmSpw `mcy `m-hn-t\mSpw
kv t \l- ] qw hn- p Ipe- n
kpJhpw evanbpw Ionbpw \nh-kn-p-
p. ]c-kv]-c-hn-tcm-[hpw Ie-lhpw Dn-Sv
ZpxJhpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw ZpjvIonbpw IpSn-tb-
dp-p. AXn-\m Bcymh-n ]c--c-
bmbn \S-p-h-cp kzbw-h-c-co-Xn-bmWv D-
aw. hnhm- l n- X - c m- I p- h m B{K- l n- p
kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS hnZy, hn\-bw, kz`m-hw,
cq]w, hb-kv, _ew, Ipew, ico-c - ns henw
XpS-nb Fm Awi-fpw ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-
-Ww. tbmPn-n-s-n hnhm-l-n Hpw
kpJw Dm-hp-I-bn-. AXp-t]mse _mey-hn-
hm-lhpw kpJ-{]-Z-a-.
1. bphm kphmkmx ]cn-hoX BKmXvk D
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
t{ibm `hXn Pmb- a m\x. Xw [ocmkx
Ihb Dbn kzmt[ym a\km tZh-bx.
(E. 3.8.4)
2. B t[\thm [p\- b - m- a - i nizox
k_cvZpLmx iibm A{]-ZpKvmx. \hym-
\hym bph-Xtbm `h-ocvalthm-\m-a-kp-
c-Xz-ta-Iav (E. 3.55.1)
3. ]qcv-ho-clw icZx i{i-amWm tZmjm -h-
kvtXmcpjtkm Pc-box. an\mXn {inbw
Pcnam X\q-\m-a-]yq \p ]Xv\ocvhrj-tWm- P-
Kaypx (E.1.179.1)
1. GsXmcp ]pcp-j (]-cn-ho-Xx) D]-\-b\w
Ign--h\pw {_-Ncy-a-\p-jvTnvv D-a-in--
Whpw hnZym-`ym-khpw t\Sn-b-h\pw (kp-hm-
kmx) `wKnbp hkv{Xw [cn--h\pw {_-
Nm-cnbpw (bp-hm) ]qW-bu-h-\s {]m]n--
h-\p-am-b -tijw hnZym-`ymkw sNbvXv Krl-
m-{i-a-n (B-Km-Xv) {]th-in-p-pthm
(k, D) Ah Xs hnZy-bm-Ip cmw P-
n (Pm-b-am-\x) {]i-kvX-\mbn (t{i-bm)
t{ib-p-h - \pw awK-f{- ]-Z\
- p-ambn (`-hXn) `hn-
p-p. (kzm-[yx) icn-bmb [ym\-bp--amb
(a-\-km) hnm-\-m (-tZ-h-bx) hnZym-
`n-hr-nsb Cn-p--hcpw ([o-cm-kx) ss[cy-
ap--h-cp-amb (I-h-bx) hnZzm-m (Xw) Ah-
s\-bmWv (D--b-n) D-X-]-Z-hn-bn {]Xn-
jvTn-p--Xv. {_Ncyw A\p-jvTnv hnZybpw
in-Whpw km-Zn-m-sXtbm _meym-h--
bntem hnhmlw sNp kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-
Xosc A[x-]-Xnv k-\-v BZ-c-hn-m-
sX-bm-bn-o-cp-p.
2. (A-{]-Zp-Kvmx) Bcpw Id-n-n-m (t[-
\-hx) ]ip--sf-tmse (A-izox) _meym-h-
m-c-ln-Xcpw (k-_cvZp-Lmx) kIe kXv{]-
hrn--Ifnepw kacpw (i-i-bmx) Iuam-c-Z-
isb AXn-{I-an--hcpw (\-hym-\-hymx) Ghpw
]pXnb in-W - f - mepw Ah-I - f
- mepw ]cn-
]qW-Ifpw (`-h-ox) Bbn-cn-p (bp-h-X-
bx) ]qW-bu-h\ - t- m-Sp-Iq-Snb kv{XoI (tZ-
hm-\mav) {_-N-cymZn {hX--tfmSp IqSnb
]qW-hn-Zzm-m-cpsS (G-I-av) AZzn-Xo-b-ambpw
(a-l-Xv) hnim-e-ambpw (A-kp-c-Xz-av) imkv{Xm-
[y- b \w sImp kwkv I - c n _pn- b n
({]bn) can-pp F `mhms
{Kln- - h - f mbpw Xcp- W - \ mb `m- h ns\
63
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
{]m]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXv (B-[p-\-b-m-av) K`w
[cn-s. _mey-Im-ev Hcn-epw ]pcp-js\
a\-km-t]mepw kvacn-c - p-Xv. Fs-m, Cl-
tem-I-nepw ]c-tem-I-nepw kpJ-ap-f-hm-
p Iaw CsXm-p-am-{X-am-Wv. _mey-hn-
hmlw sImv ]pcp-j-mp-m-Im-hp--
Xnepw \miw kv{XoIpm-Ipw.
3. Fs\ (\p) thKw (i- { i- a m- W x)
AXyw ]cn-{i-an-p--hcpw (hr-j-Wx) hocy-
tk-N\w sNp--Xn kacpw ]qW-bu-
h-\-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-cp-amb ]pcp-j-m (]-
Xv\ox) buh-\-bp--Ifpw a\-kn-\n-W-n-b-h-
cp-amb `mcy-amsc (P-K-aypx) {]m]n-n-v, \qdp
hjtam A[n-Itam Imew B\--a-\p-`-hn-v,
]p{X- ] u- { Xm- Z n- I - t fm- S p- I qSn hkn- p- - X p-
t]mse kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m kZm hn--Ww.
(]qhox) app (i-c-Zx) EXp-fpw (P-c-b-
x) hm-Iys Dm-p--h-bmb (D-j-
kx) Djkpw (tZm-jm) cm{Xnbpw (h-kvtXmx)
]Iepw (X-\q-\m-av) ico-c--fpsS ({in-b-av)
tim`sb (P-cn-am) Zqco-Ic - np Zu_-ey-sbpw
hm-Iy-tbpw Dm-n-bn-cp--Xp-t]mse
(A-l-av) Rm--kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j-\pw (D) \-
hw (A-]n) \n-bn-v, {_-Nc - y-]qw hnZy-
tbbpw in-Wtbpw ico-c-i-n-tbbpw
Bfl-_-e-tbpw km-Zn-v, buh\w {]m]n-
Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta hnhmlw sNbvI-bp-q.
CXn\v hn]-co-X-amb hnhmlw thZ-hn-cp--am-
I-bm Hcn-epw kpJ-{]-Z-am-hp-I-bn-.
Ejn-amcpw ap\n-P-\-fpw cmPm--mcpw
alm-cm-Pm--mcpw apt{i-jvT-mcpw Cs\
{_-N-cy-tm-Sp-IqSn hnZym-`ymkw sNbvX-
tijw am{Xw kzbw- h - c - k - { - Z m- b - n
hnhmlw sNbvXp-t]m Imev Cu cmPyw
A`yp-Z-bs {]m]n-p-h-p. {_-N-cy-]qw
hnZym- ` ym- k - a n- m- X m- h p- I bpw amXm- ] n- X m- -
mcpsS CjvSm-\p-k-cWw hnhmlw sNm\pw
XpS-nb Imew apXv Cu Bcym-h-
tZ-i-ns A[x-]-X\w {Ia-ambn XpS-n.
AXn-\m Cu ZpjvS-k-{-Zmbw XyPn-v, \-
h kzbw-hc - c- oXn kzoI-cn-W - w. Cu hn-hmlw
hWm-\p-{I-a - n-epw hWm-\p-{Iaw KpW-I - a-
-kz-`m-h-sf A\p-k-cn-p--Xp-am-bn-cn--Ww.
tNm: A-\--am {_m-W-cm-sW-nte
Hcp-h {_m-W\ - m-hpIbptm? A{_m-W - -
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
cpsS av Hcn-epw {_m-W-cm-Ip-hm
km[n-p-I-bnt?
D: km[n-pw. At\Iw t] As\
apIm- e v {_m- W - c m- b n- p- v . Ctm
{_m-W-cm-Ip-p-ap-v; taen {_m-W-cm-hp-
Ibpw sNpw. Omtm- t Kym- ] - \ n- j - n,
As PmXn GXm- s W- - d n- p- I q- S m
Pm_m-e-E-jn-bpw 7, alm-`m-c-X-n {Xn-
b-Pm-Xn-bn P\n hnizm-an-{X 8, NWvUm-f-
Pm- X n- b n ]nd amXw- K - a p\n Fn- h cpw
{_m- W - c m- b - h - c m- s Wp ]d- n- p- v 9
Cm-ev hnZzm-mcpw kz-`m-hn-I-fp-am-b-h
Xs-bmWv {_m-W-cm-bn-cn-m tbmKy.
]Tnpw kz`m-h-Kp-W-hp-an-m aqV-m iq{Z-
cm-Wv. `mhn-bnepw A-s\-X-s.
tNm: ctPmho- c y- tNp- mb
icocw amdn asmcp PmXn-bm-Im Fs\
tbmKy-amIpw?
D: ctPm-ho-cy- tNm {_m-W-i-
cocw Dmhp-I-bn-.
kzm[ym-tb\ Pss]cvtlm-ssa-kvss{X-hn-
tZy- t \- P ybmkpssXx alm- b - s siv O
bss {_mobw {InbtX X\px (a-
\p. 2.28) CXns AYw apsm-cn-Sp ]d-
n-p-v 10. Chn-sSbpw Npcp-n-d - b- mw. (kzm-
[ym-tb-\) A[y-b-\w, A[ym-]\w (P-ss]x)
a\\w sNbvI, sNn-n-p-I, hnhn-[-tlm-a-
sNp-I, thZw -ap-gp-h\pw i_vZm-kw-
_--m-\-tmSpw kztcm-m-c-W-tmSpw
IqsS ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI
7 km (Pm-_m-em) ssl\-ap-hmN \ml-ta-X-tZzZ XmX
bZvtKm{X kvXzakn _lzlw Nco ]cn-Nm-cnWo
buht\ Xzma-e-t`.............. Xw tlmhmN (B-Nm-cyx)
ss\XZ {_mtWm hnh-p-acvl-Xn.
(\ns tKm{X-sa-sX-s-\n--dn-hn-. ]cn-Nm-cn-Wn-
bmb Rm hf-sc-bn-S - f - n t]mbn-p-sv A
]d-p-sh kXyw Kpcp-hn-t\mSv ]d--tm
Kpcp ""\o A{_m--W-\m-sWp hnh-n-X-\m-Im
Al-\'' Fp-]-d-p) (Om D. 4.4.2-5)
8 IYw {]m]vXw alm-cmP {Xn-tb-Wa - l
- m-fl\m
hnizm-an-t{XW [cvam-fl {_m-WXzw \ccvj-`.
(a.-`m. A\p.3-1, 2)
9 mt\-aX - wtKm {_m-Wy-am-e` - Zv `c-Xcvj`
NWvUm-e-tbm\u PmtXm ln IYw {_m-Wy-am-hm-
]vX-hm (a. `m. A\p. 3.19)
10 t]Pv 88
64
 \memw kap-mkw
Fn-h-bmepw (C-Py-bm)- ]uWao Znhkw
A\p-jTn-p CjvSn apX-em-b-h-bmepw (kq-
ssXx) apv hnh-cn-n-p hn[n-b-\p-k-cnv
[am-\p-krXw km-t\m-ev]m-Z\w sNpI
sImpw (a-lm-b-ss-) ]qtm--amb
{_- b - w, tZh- b - w, ]nXr- b - w,
sshiz-tZ-h-b-w, AXn-Yn-bw Fn--
s\- b p ]- a lm b- - s f- s mpw
(bssivN) An-jvtSmaw XpS-nb b-
hnZzm- m- c psS tkh- \ - k Xv m- c - ,
kXy-`m-jW - w, ]tcm-]I - mcw apX-emb kXvIa-
Fn-h-sb-smpw inev]-hnZy A`y-
knv Zpcm-Nm-c-sf XyPnv kZm-Nm-c-]qhw
Pohn-p--Xp-sImpw (C-bw) Cu (X-\px)
icocw ({_m-o) {_m-W-tXv ({In-b-tX)
Bbn `hn-p-p.
tNm: Cu hN-\s \n AwKo-I-cn-
p-pthm?
D: AwKo-I-cn-p-p.
tNm: ctPm-hocy kwtbm-Kw-sIm-p
PmXn- h y- h - sb ]ns- s\ AwKo- I -
cnpw?
D: Rm am{X-a At\-I ]c--c-bmbn
AwKo-I-cn-n-p--Xm-Wv.
tNm: \n ]mc-c - y-n-\p {]mam-Wy-
tbpw JWvUn-ppthm?
D: C. ]t, \n-fpsS sXn-m-c-Wsb
AwKo-I-cn-msX JWvUn-p-p-sh-t-bp-q.
tNm: Fs [mcW sXm-sWpw \n-
fpsS [mcW icn-b m-s W- p-a p--Xn- \ p
sXfn-shv?
D: sXfnhp Xcmw. \n Atm Btdm
Xe- a p- d - b n \S- p- h - Xv k\m- X - \ - a mb
\SmsWp hnNm-cn-p-p. R thZhpw
krjvSnbpw Dm-bX - p-ap-Xv Ct-hs - c-bp
]mc--cys {]am-W-ambn kzoI-cn-p-p.
t\mp-I, t{ijvT\mb ]nXm-hn\v ZpjvS-\mb
]p{X-\p-m-Im-dp-v. \-hs ]nXmhv ZpjvS-
\m-bn-cn-m-dpv. Nne-tm ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw
t{ijvTcpw Nne-tm Ah-cn-cp-hcpw ZpjvScpw
Bbn-m-Wp-p. \n sXn--cn-n-cn-p-p.
tb\mky ]nXtcm bmXm tb\ bmXm
]nXm-almx. tX\bmbmXmw amKw tX\
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
K-- cn-jytX.(Sn. 4.178) A ap-
Fn-h \S am-n-eq-sS-bmWv km-\-
fpw kcn-t--Xv. Fm (k-Xm-av)
k-\--fmb ]nXr]nXm-a-l-m-cpsS amK-
n-eqsS am{Xta Ncn-m-hq. ZpjvS-cmb ]nXr-
]n-Xm-a-l-m-cpsS ]m-hn Hcn-epw k-
cn--cp-Xv. Fs-m [am-flm--fmb ]pcp-
j-t{i-jvT-cpsS amKw ]nXp-Sm ZpxJ-ap-
m-hn-. CXp \n AwKo-I-cn-p-nt?
D: \n-b-ambpw AwKo-I-cn-p-p.
tNm: IqSmsX PK-Zo-izc{]Im-in-X-amb
thZm-\p am{Xta k\m-X-\-am-bn-cn-p-I-bp-
q. AXn\p hncp--am-b-sXmpw k\m-X-\-am-
sWp hnNm- c n- mt\ h. C- s \- b t
Fm-hcpw Nnn-t-Xv.
D: \n-b-ambpw Fm-hcpw Cs\Xs
Nnn-Ww. Am--h-tcmSv Cs\ tNmZn-
Ww: Zcn-{Z-\mb ]nXm-hns ]p{X [\-
hm-\m-bmepw As Zmcn-{Zys t{ib-kvI-
c-sa-tmv km`n-am\w Xs [\w hen-s-
dn-btWm? As ]p{X-\mbn ]nd--h
Ip- c pw Ipn- s m- np If- b tWm?
Zpjv S s aI Zpjv { ]- h r- n- I am{Xta
sNmhq Fp \nb-a-aptm? C Hcn--ep-an-
. ]qh-]p-cp-j-m ]c---cbm sNbvXp-t]m
t{ijvT-Ir-Xy- sNbvIbpw ZpjvIr-Xy-sf
XyPn-p-Ibpw sNp--XmWv Fm-hpw
DNn-Xw. ctPm-ho-cy-kw-tbm-Km-kv]-Zamb hW-
hy-h AwKo-I-cn-p-Ibpw KpW-Iam-[n-
jvTnX-amb PmXn-hy-h-sb Xnc-kvI-cn-p-
Ibpw sNp--h-tcmSv Cs\ tNmZn--Ww.
X-fpsS {_m-W-PmXn shSnv NWvUm-
e-t\m {InkvXym-\n-tbm apkamt\m Bb-
hs\ Fp-sImv {_m-W-s\v \n-
KWn-p-n? Ah {_m-W-hrn XyPn-
-Xn-\m {_m-W-c-m-Xm-sb-mhmw Cu
tNmZy-n-\p-c - w. CXn \nv {_m-Wp
hnln- X - a mb D- a - I a- - f - \ p- j v T n- p
{_m-Wc - pw \oN-Pm-Xn-If- n P\n-h - s - c-nepw
DXvIr-jvS-Pm-Xn-m-cpsS KpW-Ia kz`m-h-Kp-
Wap--hcpw D-X-Pm-Xn-bn s]Sp--Xmbn
Icp-X-W-sa-pw D-X-Pm-Xn-bn P\n-npw
\oN-Ia- sNp--hsc \nIr-jvS-Pm-Xn-
bn ]nd-h - c
- mbn hnNm-cn-W- s
- a-p-amWv a\-
kn-em-Ip--Xv.
65
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
tNm: {_m-tWmky apJ-am-koZv _mlp-
cm- P - \ yx- I rXx Ducq XZky bssZziyx
]Zv`ymMv iqt{ZmfAPm-b-X.
bPpthZw 31-mw A[ymbw ]Xn-s\mmw
a{-am-Wn-Xv. {_m-W Cuiz-cs apJ-p-
\n- pw {Xn- b _mlp- - f n \npw
sshiy Ducp--fn \npw iq{Z ]mZ-
-fn \npw Dmbn FmWv CXns
Aw. apJw Im-hp-I-tbm Iv apJ-am-
hp-Itbm C. Aw {_m-W {Xn-
bm-Zn-I-fm-hp-Itbm {Xn-bm-Zn-I {_m-W-
cm-hp-Itbm sNp-I-bn-.
D: Cu a{- n\p \n ]d- b p
Aw icn-b-. Fs-m ChnsS ]pcp-
j AYhm \ncm-Im-c\pw kh-hym-]n-bp-amb
]c-am-flm-hn-s\--n-bmWv ]d-bp--Xv. \ncm-Im-
c-\mb ]c-am-flm-hn\v apJhpw a-h-b-h-fpw
Dm-hm Xc-an-. Ds-n Ah kh-
hym- ] n- b - . kh- h ym- ] n- b - s - n kh- i -
, PK- ns krjv S n- nXn kwlm- c -
Im-hv, Pohm-flm--fpsS ]pWy-]m-]--
Adnv ^e-hy-h--I sNp--h, kh-
, P\-\-a-c-W-an-m--h apX-emb hnti-
j-W--v Al-\p-a-. AXn\m Cu a-
{-ns Aw C{]-Im-c-amWv (A-ky) -
kh- h ym- ] n- b m- b n- c n- p ]c- a m- fl m- h ns
krjvSn-bn (ap-J-av) apJ-sa--t]mse Fm-
nepw apJy- - D - - a - - B - b n- c n- p- - h
({_m- W x) {_m- W \pw (_m- l q)
""_mlpcvssh _ew; _mlpcvssh- hocyw''
_ew hocyw Fn- h - b psS \mam- - c - a mWv
_mlp; 11 Fp iX-]-Y-{_m--W-n-ep--Xn-
\m _e-ho-cy- - A[n-Ia - p-h - (cm-P\ - yx)
{Xn-b\pw (Du-cp) Ac-s-ns Nph-nepw
apns apI-fn-ep-am-bnp Ducp-hns _ew-
sImv Fm-bn-Spw k-cn-p--h (ssh-
iyx) sshiy- \ pw (]- Z v ` ymw) ico- c - ns
Xmgs Ah-b-h-amb ]mZw t]mse aqVX
apX-emb A[-a-Kp-W--tfmSp IqSn-b-h (iq-
{Zx) iq{Z\pw BIp-p. iX-]-Y-{_m-Ww apX-
emb ap {K- - f nepw Cu a{- ns
Aw C{]-Imcw Xs-bmWv hymJym-\n-n-
p-Xv.
11 Cu aqew Cp e`y-amb iX-]-Y-n Zriy-a-.
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
bkvam-tZ-tX -ap-Jym-kvX-kvampJ-tXm -ly-
kr-Py- -C-XymZn 12
Ch apJy-cm-b-Xp-sImv apJ-n \np-
mbn Fp ]d-bp-Xv kwK-X-am-Wv. apJw
Fm Ah-b-h--fnepw t{ijvT-am-Wv. AXp-
t]mse ]qWamb sshZpjyw, D-a-amb
KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h- Fnh \nan-w a\p-
jy-hK-n t{ijvTsc {_m-W Fp
]d-bpp Fw. \ncm-Im-c-\mb Cuiz-c\v
apJw apX-emb Ah-b-h- C. Atm
Ah-bn \np P\n-p-I-sbp ]d-bp-Xv
hym-]p-{Xs hnhm-l-sa--hw Akw-`-hy-
am-Wv. {_m-Wm-Zn-I apJw apX-emb Ah-b-
h--fn \nmWp P\n--sX-n D]mZm-\-
Im-c-W-ns BIrXn Ahp e`n-t--
Xm-bn-cp-p. hrm-Im-c-amb apJ-n \np-
mb {_m-W-cpsS ico-chpw hrm-Im-c-am-
bn-cn-t--Xm-Wv. {Xn-b-cpsS icocw _mlp-
tf-tm-se-bpw sshiy-cpsS icocw Ducp--
tf-tm-se-bpw iq{Z-cpsS icocw ]mZ--tftm-
sebpw Bbn-cn-t--Xm-Wv. Fm Imcyw
A-s\-b-. IqSmsX ""Cuiz-c-ap-Jp \np-
m-b-hv {_m-W-kw Dm-bn-cp-p.
Fm \nfpw ap--hsc t]mse K`m-i-
b-n \np-m-b-h-cm-I-bm \nv B
kw e`n-n-. apJ-p-\n-p-m-ImsX
{_m-W-cmWv X-sfv hrYm A-`n-am-\n-p-
-h-cmWv Fv \n-tfmSv Bcm\pw ]d-t-
bv mw. \n ]d A- a Rm
]d a{m-amWv kXyw. A\y{X ]dbp-
p.
iqt{Zm {_m-W-Xm-taXn {_m-Wss-
Xn- iq-{Z-Xmav. {X-n-bm-m-X-tahw Xp hnZym-
ssZz-iym--ssY-h N (a-\p. 10.65)
iq{Z- I p- e - n P\n- - h \v {_m- W
{Xn-b sshiy Fn-hc - psS KpW-Iakz-
`m-h- f- p-s-n Ah {_m-Wt- \m {Xn-
b-t\m sshiyt\m BIp-p. AXp-t]mse
{_mW- s - t bm {Xn- b - s - t bm sshiy-
stbm Ipe-n ]nd Hcp-hs KpW-Ia-
kz-`m-h- iq{Zs BsW-n Ah iq{Z-
\m-Ip-p. {Xn-bs - tbm sshiystbm Ipe-
n ]ndhv {_m-W-stbm iq{Z-
12 Xkvam-tZtX apJym apJtXm lykr-Py
(ssX. kw 7.1.1.4) Xmc-X-aymYw.
66
 \memw kap-mkw
stbm KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--fp-s-n Ah
{_m-Wtcm iq{Ztcm BIp-p. \mep PmXn-
I-fn-te-Xn P\n-mepw KpW-Ia--\p-k-
cnv kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS PmXn \nWbn--
W-sa-w.
1. [cva-N-cybm PLt\ym hcvWx ]qcvhw
]qcvhw hcvW-am-]-ZytX PmXn ]cn-hr-su.
2. A[cv a - N - c ybm ]qcv t hm hcv t Wm
PL\yw PL-\yw 13 hW-am-]-ZytX PmXn
]cn-hrsu
Cu B]kvXw-_-kq-{X--fpsS Aw ]d-
bmw
1. \nIr-jvS-Pm-Xn-bn P\n-n-p Hcp-h
[am- \ p- j v T m\w sImv DXv I r- j v S - a mb
PmXnsb {]m]n-p-p. tbmKy-X-b-\p-k-cnv
PmXn-bn Ahs\ KWn-p--Xm-Wv.
2. AXp-t]mse D-X-hW-Pm-X A[am-
\p-jvTm-\-m XmW-Pm-Xnsb {]m]n-p-Ibpw
GXp hW-n tNcp-hm tbmKy-X-bptm
B hW-n Ahs\ KWn-p-Ibpw sNp-
p.
]pcp-j-msc tbmKy-X-b-\p-k-cnv Hmtcm
PmXn-bn KWn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv kv{XoI-
fpsS PmXn-hy-h--bpw. Cu hyh-- \n-anw
Fm hWfpw Ah-c-h-cpsS KpW-Ia-kz-
`m-h--tfm-Sp-IqSn ]cn-ip--ambn hn-p-
sap knn- p- p. {_m- W - I p- e - n
{Xn-b-t\-tbm sshiy-t\tbm iq{Z-t\tbm
t]mse Hcp-h Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. CXp-
t]mse {Xn-b-ssh-iy-iq-{Z-hWfpw ]cn-
ip--am-bn-cn-pw. hWk-cX Dm-Ip--X-
. Xn-anw Hcp hW-n\pw \ntbm
Atbm-Ky-Xtbm Dm-hp-Ibpan-.
tNm: Hcp-hs GI-]p-{Xt\m ]p{Xntbm
CX-c-hW-n s]m ]ns amXm-]n-Xm-
-msc Bcp ip{iq-jnpw? IqSmsX hwihn-
tZw hcp-hm\pw CS-bp-v. CXn\v FmWp
]cn-lmcw?
D: BcpsS ip{iq-jbvpw XI-cm-dn-. Xd-
hmSp apSn-b p-I-b p-an- . X-fpsS ap
]Icw X- f psS PmXn- s m- - h - - a p
km-\--sf, hnZzm-m-cpsS k`-bn-tem cmP-
k-Z-ntem sNp hyh--{]-Imcw CXc-
13 B]-kvXw_ [a-kq{Xw 2.5.11, 10-11
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
hW--fn \nv Ahp e`n-p--Xm-Wv.
KpW-Ia--f-\p-k-cn-p Cu hW-hy-h
s]In-Sm-p ]Xn-\mdp hbpw ]pcp-j-
mp Ccp-]-n-bp hbpw D-tm
sNWw. {_m- W {_mn- W n- t b- b pw
{Xn-b {Xn-b-tbbpw sshiy sshiy-
tbbpw iq{Z iq{Z-tbbpw hnhmlw sNWw
Fnte Ah-cpsS PmXn-[a- bYm-{Iaw
\S-p-Ibpw ]c-kv]-c-kvt\lw \ne-\np-I-
bp-ap-q. C\n \mep hW--fp-sSbpw KpW-
Iasf hnh-cn-mw.
1. A[ym- ] - \ - a- [ y- b \w bP\w bmP\w
XYm. Zm\w {]Xn-{K-lw ssN-h -{_m--Wm-\m-
a-I-ev]-bXv (Sn. 1.88)
2. itam Za-kvX]x iuNw mn-cmP-h-
ta-h N m\w hnm-\-am-kvXnIyw {_-
Icva- kz-`m-h-Pav (Ko-X. 18.42)
1. ]Tn-p-I, ]Tn-n-p-I, bw sNp-I,
sNn-p-I, Zm\- sImSp-p-I, {]Xn-{Klw
hmp-I, Ch-bmdpw {_m-W\p hn[n Ia-
-fm-Ip-p. Fm {]Xn-{Klx {]Xy-hcx
F a\p hN-\-m {]Xn-{Klw hmp-Xv
\oN-Ia-am-Wv. 14
2. (i-ax) ZpjvIa- sNp-hm Cn-pI
t]mepw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I, A[a-amK-n
Ncn-p-hm a\-ns\ A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
(Z-ax) sNhn, Iv, apX-emb mt\-{n-b-
sf A\ym-bm-N-c-W-n \np \ntcm-[nv
[a- a mK- n {]hn- n- p- I ; (X- ] x)
{_-Nm-cnbpw PntX-{n-b-\p-am-bn-cpv kZm
[aw A\p-jvTn-pI (iu-Nw)
AZv`ncv Km{XmWn ip[yn a\x- k-tXy\
ip[yXn hnZym-X-t]m`ymw `qXmflm _pn
mt\\ ip[yXn
(a-\p. 5. 109)
Pew-sImv ico-c-ns _mlym-h-b-h--
fpw kXym-N-c-W-m a\-kpw hnZy [am-\p-
jvTm\w Fn-h-bm Pohm-flmhpw m\w
sImv _pnbpw ]cn-ip--am-Ip-p. B-cn-
I-amb cmK-tZzjmZn tZmj- _mly-am-en\yw
14 a\p 10. 109 (bw, A[ym-]\w apX-em-b-h-bm
Ime-bm-]\ - a
- m-Wp-a
- w.)
(ku-P\yw hm-cp-sXv Xmev]c
- yw)
67
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Fn-h AIn ]cn-ip--\m-bn-cn-p-I. kXym-
k-Xy-sf Xncn--dnp kXys sImp-
Ibpw Ak-Xys Xp-Ibpw sNp-I. Ch
]cn-ip-n-bn-tev a\p-jys\ \bn-p-p. (m-
nx) \nm {]iw- k - I , kpJ- Z px- J - ,
iotXm-jvW-, em`-\-jvS, am\m-]-am-\-
, hnipw Zmlhpw apX-emb ktm-j-
k-m-]- hI hbvmsX [a-n ZrV-
Nn--cm-bn-cn-pI (BcvPh-av) s]cp-am--n
]ucp-jw, A`n-am-\w, ITn-\-kz-`m-hw, IpSn-e-X,
apX-emb tZmj-sf XyPn-p-I, (m-\-av)
thZmZn kI-e-im-kv{X-fpw kmwtKm-]mwKw
]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-hm-\p
kmayw, hnth-I-]qh-I-amb kXym-k-Xy-
\nWbw, hkvXp-sf bYmXYam-bn--tN-X-
\s tNX-\a - mbpw PUs PU-am-bpw Adn-
bp-Ibpw s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNpI (hn-m-\-
av) ]rYnhn XpSn Cuiz-c-]-cy--ap kI-e-
Xn-sbpw hnti-j-m-\-tm-Sp-IqSn Ahsb
tbmKy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-hm Adn-bp-I. Cuiz-
c, thZw, tamw, ]p\w Fn-h-bn-
ep hnizm-k-tbpw [am-\p-jvTm-\w, hnZym-
[y-b-\w, kwKw Fn-h-tbbpw amXm-]n-Xm-
, Kpcp, AXnYn Fn-h-cpsS ip{iq-j-
tbbpw Hcp-\mfpw XyPn-p-Itbm \nn-p-
Itbm sNm-Xn-cn-p-I, Cs\ ]Xn-\p
KpW- I a- {_m- W - P m- X n- b n- e p- -
hsmw Ahiyw Dm-bn-cn-t--h-bm-Wv.
1. {]Pm\mw cWw Zm\-an-Pym-[y-b\ - t- ah
N. hnjt-b-jz-{]-k-n {Xn-bky kam-
kXx (a-\p. 1.89)
2. iucyw tXtPm [rXncvZmyw bpt
Nm]y-]-em-b\w Zm\-ao-iz-c-`m-h m{Xw
Icva-kz-`m-hPav (Ko-X. 18.43)
1. \ymb-ambn {]Pm-]-cn-]m-e\w sNp-I
AXm-bXv ]-]mXw IqSmsX \-hsc cn-
p-Ibpw ZpjvSsc inn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv
Fm-h-scbpw bYm-tbmKyw ]cn-]m-en-p-I
(Zm-\a - v) hnZybpw [ahpw {]N-cn-n-pXn\pw
k\-sf kXvI-cn-p--Xn\pw k-p
sNeh-gn-pI. (C-Pym) An-tlm{Xw XpS-
nb b- sNp-I, sNn-n-pI (A-
[y-b-\-av) thZm-Zn-im-kv{X- ]Tn-pI ]Tn-
n-pI (hn-j-tb-jz-{]-k-nx) hnj-b-kp-Jm-
k--\m-ImsX PntX-{n-b-\mbn kZm Imbn-
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
I-i-nbpw Bfl-_-e-hpw -hn-n-p-I.
(siu- c y- a v ) At\- I m- b ncw i{Xp- sf
Hbvv FXnp--Xn `b-an-m-bva, (tX-Px)
kZm tXPkv Zo-\-`m-h-an-m ZrV-Kmw-`ocyw
([r-Xnx) ss[cyw (Zm-y-av) cmP-{]-Pm--kw-_-
n-X-amb Fm Imcy--fnepw s]cp-am---fn-
epw imkv{X--fnepw alm-ssh-ZKvyw (bp-
t) ]nn-cnp ]mem-b\w sNmsX bp-
n \n`-b-Xzhpw AN--e-Xz-hpw F-
s\bpw hnP-b-n-\mbn t]mcm-Sp kz`m-hw
]mem-b\w sNbvXm Poh-c-bpw Pbhpw
e`y-sa-n As\ sNm k-X (Zm-
\-av) Zm\-ioew (Cu-iz-c-`m-hx) ]-]mXw
CmsX kI-e-tcm-Spw bYm-tbm-Ky-ap s]cp-
am-w, \Xpw Nobpw Adn-p-sImv Zm\w
sNp-I, {]Xn-m-ew-L\w hcp-m-Xn-cn-pI
Fn-s\ {Xn-bcpsS KpW-Ia- ]{-
s--am-Wv.
]iq\mw cWw Zm\-an-Pym-[yb-\-ta-hN
hWn-Iv]Yw IpkoZw N sshiyky Irjn-
tah N. (a-\p. 1.90)
(]-ip-c--Ww) Ip-Im-en-Isf kwc-n-
pI (Zm-\w) hnZym-[a--fpsS A`n-hr-nv
kp \IpI (C-Pym) An-tlm{Xw apX-
emb b- sNp-Ibpw (A-[y-b-\w)
thZm-Zn-im-kv{X- A`y-kn-pI (h-WnIv
]Yx) kh-hn-[-amb I-hSw \S-pI (Ip-
ko-Zw) \qdp-dp-n-Ibvv \mtem Btdm Ftm
]{tm ]Xn-\mtdm Ccp-]tXm AW-bn-e-
[nIw ]eni ]msX ]Ww sImSpp hmp-
I Hcp \qmp Ign-mepw apX-ens Cc-n-
bn IqSp-X-emb ]en-i-hm-msX ]W-hym-
]mcw sNp-I. (Ir-jnx) Irjn-sNbvXp hnf-sh-
Sp-p-I. Ch-sbmw sshiys KpW-Ia--
fm-Ip-p.
GI-ta-hXp iq{Zky {]`px Icva kam-Zn-
iXv. GtX-jm-tah hcvWm\mw ip{iq-jm-a-\-
kq-bbm (a\p.1.91)
\ny, Cujy, Al-mcw apX-emb tZmj-
shSn- v , {_m- W - - { Xn- b - s sh- i y-
msc th-hw ip{iq-jnv PohnXw Ign-p-
Iq-p-I-am-{X-amWv iq{Zs KpWhpw Ia-hp-am-
bn-p--Xv. Cs\ \mep hW--fp-sSbpw
KpW-Ia- Npcpn ]d-p. Bcn GXp
68
 \memw kap-mkw
hW-ns KpW-Ia- ImWp-pthm
Ahp am{Xta B hW-n tNcm
A[n-Imcw \Im-hq. C{]-Imcw \nb-an-X-am-
bm kI-e-P-\-pw A`ypZ-b-ap-m-Ipw.
Imc-Ww, DXvIrjvS hW-mv X-fpsS
km-\- aqV-cm-bm iq{Z-cm-bn-tm-Ip-
sap `b-ap-m-Ipw. Xp hn[n kz`m-
h-Kp-Whpw hnZym-`ym-khpw Cs-n X
iq{Z-cmbn t]mIp-sa `bw Ah-cpsS km-
\-pw Dmbn-cn-pw. \nIr-jvS-Pm-Xn-bn
P\n--hv DXv-Ir-jvS-hWs {]m]n-p-
hm HupIyw hn-pw. hnZy-tbbpw [a-
tbpw {]N- c n- n- p- h m- \ p A[n- I mcw
{_m- W p Xs sImSp- - W w. Ah
]qW-ssh-Zpjyw km-Zn--hcpw [man-I-cp-am-
I-bm Ahv B tPmen sNp-hm Ign-hp-
v. \mSp `cn-p-hm A[n-Imcw {Xn-bp
am{Xw sImSp-m cmPy-Im-cy- Hcn-epw
apS-p-I-bn-. ]ip-]m-e\w apX-embh sshiy-
mp hnp sImSp- - W w, B sXmgn
\mbn sNp-hm Ahp in-bpv.
iq{Zp ip{iqjm-[n-Imcw am{Xw hn[n-Xv
Ah ]Tn-n-m--hcpw aqV-m-cp-am-I-bm,
hnm-\-kw-_-n-bmb {]hr-n-sbmpw
sNp-hm Ahv Ign-hn-m-bvI-bm-em-Wv.
Fm Ahp Imbn-I-i-n-bp-v. C{]-
Imcw Ia-i-n-b-\p-k-cn-p hW-sf
Ah-c-h-cpsS m\--fn {]hn-n-p-
Xv `c-Wm-[n-]-cpsS I-hy-am-Wv.
hnhm-l-ns e-W-
{_mtm ssZh-kvX-ssY-hmcvjx {]mPm-
]XykvXYm-kpcx Kmcvthm cm-k-ss-
h- ss]-im-N-m-jvS-tam-f[ax (a-\p. 3.21)
{_mw, ssZhw, Bjw, {]mPm-]-Xyw,
Bkp-cw, Kmhw, cm-kw, ss]im-Nw,
Fn-s\ hnhmlw Fp-hn-[-n-ep-v. Ch-
bpsS e-W- ]d-bmw.
1. hn[n-{]-Imcw {_-N-cy-{h-X-tm-Sp-IqSn
km-Zn ]qW-ssh-Zp-jyw, [man-IX - , kuio-
eyw, Fn-h-tbm-Sp-IqSn h[q-h-c-m ]c-kv]cw
t{]a-tmsS \S-p hnhm-l-amWv {_mw.
2. henb bw \-S-p Ah-k-c--fn
EXzn-ns\ Pmam-Xm-hmbn hcn-v, s]m]--
-f-Wn I\y-Isb `mcy-bmbn \Ip--
XmWv "ssZh' hnhm-lw.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
3. hcs ssIbn \nv kzev]w Zm\w
hmn I\y-Isb Zm\w sNp--Xn\v "Bjw'
Fp ]d-bp-p.
4. [a-ns A`n-hr-nsb ey-amn \S-
p hnhm-l-n\v "{]mPm-]Xyw' Fp ]d-
bpp
5. hc\pw I\y-Ibvpw ]Ww sImSpp \S-
p hnhmlw "Bkp-c-am-Wv.'
6. hnhm- l - ns ka- b- c o- X n- I - f - \ p- k - c n-
msX ]c-kv]-cm-\p-cm-K-m `mcym-`m-
-m-cm-Ip--Xns\ "Kmhw' Fp ]d-bp-
p.
7. bpw sNbvXp _emm-tc-W-tbm I]-
S-amtbm I\y-Isb A]-l-cn-p-sIm-p-t]m-Ip-
-Xn\v cmkw Fp t]cm-Wv.
8. Dd-p-I-tbm aZytam atm IpSnv aXn-a-d-
n- c n- p- I tbm sNp I\y- I sb _em-
wKw sNp--Xn\v "ss]imNw' Fpw t].
C- d Fp- X cw hnhm- l - - f n
AXnt{ijvTw {_m-hn-hm-l-am-Wv. ssZhw,
{]mPm- ] Xyw Fnh a[y- a - fpw Bjw,
Bkp- c w, Kmhw, Fnh \nIr- j v S - -
fpamWv. cmkw A[a-hpw ss]imNw AXn
\oN-hp-a-t{X. h[q-h-c-m hnhm-l-n\p apv
GIm--ambn kt-fn--cp-sXv Xocp-am-\n-m-
hp--Xm-Wv. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-cpsS bu-\-
nse GIm-k - t- -f\w tZmj-Ic - a
- m-Wv. I\y-
Ibvpw hc\pw hnhm-lIme-am-bm--{_--N-
cyhpw ]T- \ hpw apgp- h - \ m- p- h m Htm
Actbm sImw _mn-bp--tm I\y-I-
bp-sSbpw hc-sbpw Nn{Xw FSp-nv s]Ip-
n-IfpsS A[ym-]I - v BIp-n-If - psS Nn{X-
hpw BIp-n-I-fpsS A[ym-]-Iv s]Ip-
n- I - f psS Nn{Xhpw Ab- p- s Im- S p- - W w.
GtXXp h[q-h-c-mv tN ImWp-pthm
Ah-cpsS Poh-N-cn-{Xw--P-\\w apXv At-
h-sc-bp Fm Imcy-f - p-aS-
- nb ]pkvXI - w
Ds-n AXp hmn A[ym-]-I hmbn-p-
t\m- - W w. KpW- I a kz`m- h - v
s]mcpw Im, A-s\-bp kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-m-cpsS Nn{Xhpw Ncn-{Xhpw At\ym\yw
sImSpv Ah-cpsS A`n-{]mbw Adn-bn-p-hm
Kpcp--m Ah-tcmSp ]d-b-Ww. Ccp-hcpw
hnhm-l-n\p k-Xn-m Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw
69
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
kam-h\w Hcp-anp \S--Ww. A[ym-]-I-
cpsS kmn-y-n hnhmlw \S-p-hm
CcpIqcpw Cn-p ]w Kpcp-Kr-l-n
htm Cs-n I\y-I-bpsS ]nXr-Kr-l-n
htm hnhmlw \S-p--Xm-Wp-Nn-Xw. Ccp-
hcpw t\cnp IpI-gn-m Kpcp--m,
amXm-]n-Xm-, apX-em-b-h-cpsS apn shv
Ah-sc-smv kw`m-j-Whpw imkv{Xm-
hm-Zhpw \S-n--Ww. Ahv At\ym\yw
cl-ky-ambn hXpw tNmZn--dn-b-W-sa-n
k`-bn hp-Xs Fgp-p-aq-ea - p tNmtZym-
-c- sImv Adn-p-sIm--Ww. cp-
t]pw At\ym\yw Dd t{]a-ap-sp
Im Ap-ap-X Ahv D-a-`-Ww
sImSp-n-p-hm GmSp sN-Ww. {_-N-
cyw, hnZym-[y-b\w Fo X]kpw ti-fpw
\nanw Zp_-e-amb icocw N{-e hf-
cpwt]mse Ipd-p-Zn-hkw sImv ]pjvS-am-Ipw.
K`-m[m-\-hn[n
AXn-\p-tijw I\yI cP-kz-e-bm-bn-cpp
Ipfnp ip-amb Znhkw hnhm-l-a-WvU-]hpw
thZnbpw \nanv kpK--{Z-hy-sImpw
LrXm-Zn-IsImpw tlmaw sNbvXv hnZzm-m-
scbpw hnZp-jn-I-tfbpw bYm-tbmKyw k-
cn--Ww. ]noSv K`m-[m-\-n\v tbmKy-amb
Znhkw kwkvIm-c-hn[n F {K-nse
hn[n-b-\p-k-cnv kI-e-Ia-fpw sNbvXv a[y-
cm{Xn ka- b tm Akv X - a np ]p- \ m- g n-
Ibvp tijtam AXyw {]k-c - mbn kIe
P\-f - p-sSbpw apn hv ]mWn-{K-lW - ]
- qh-
I-ambn hnhm-l-{Inb apgp-h\pw \Sn hnP-\-
amb ib-\K - r-l
- n {]th-in-W
- w. ]pcp-j
hn[n-{]-Imcw hocy-m-]-\hpw kv{Xoho-cy-{K-
l- W hpw sN- W w. {_- N - c y- nse
hocys Ign-bp-n-S-tmfw hy-am-n--
f-bm-Xn-cn--Ww. B hocyhpw cPkpw IqSn-
tp-m-Ip icocw D-a-k-m-\-am-Ip--
Xm-Wv. hocyw K`m-i-b-n-tep hogm-dm-Ip-
tm kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m Ccp-hcpw nc-i-co-
c-cm-bpw In\p t\sc Iv, aqn\p t\sc
aqv Fo {Ia-n \nhp hf-hn-msX
hn--Ww. teiw t]mepw Cf-I-cp-Xv. ]pcp-
j Xs ico-cs Xf-Ww. hocy-{]m-
]vXn- k - a bw kv{Xo A]m- \ - h m- b p- h ns\
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
taevt]mp hen-p-]n-Sn--Ww. tbm\n-bpsS D]-
cn-`m-Ks ktm-Nn-n-v, hocys apI-fn-
tev BIjnv K`m-i-b-n m]n--
Ww.*
]noSv Ccp-hcpw ip-Pe
-
- n Ipfn-W - w.
hnZp-jn-bmb kv{Xo K`-ap-m-bm Atm
Xs Adn- b pw. Hcp- a mkw Ign- b p- t m
Bhw \np- t ]m- I p- t m kIe
kv{XoIpw K`-\n-bw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.
]noSv cp-t]cpw Npv, tIk-cw, Aap-ncw
Fo acp-p-I-fnp Xnf-n ]men I-
hpw tNv CjvSw t]mse IpSn-v, Ah-\-
hs i-bn Xn sXmSmsX InS-p-d--
Ww. K`m-[m\w sNp-tm-sgmw C{]-Imcw
Xs-sN-p--Xm-Wp-Nn-Xw. Hcp amkw XnI-bp-
- X p- h sc Bhw ImWm- Xn- c n- p- I bpw
K`-ap-sp Xo-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm
Ap-ap-X Hcp sIm-tp kv{Xo]p-cp-j-
m kwtbmKw sN-cp-Xv. Cs\ sNbvXm
am{Xta D-a-amb km\w Dm-hp-I-bp-q.
]no- S p- m- I p km\w \m- h m\pw
CsXmcp Imc-W-am-Ipw. A\yYm hocyw- hy-
am-hp-Ibpw Xn-anw cp-t]-cp-sSbpw Bbp-
p- -bn-p-Ibpw hnhn-[-tcm-K- Dm-hp-
Ibpw sNpw. Fm At\ym\yw
kkvt\lw k-]n-p-Xpw t{]a-]qhw s]cp-
am-dp-Xpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. kz]v\-n t]mepw
hocy-kvJ-e-\-ap-m-ImsX ]pcp-j AXns\
cn--Ww. AXyp--a-amb cq]w, emh-Wyw,
]pjvSn, _ew, ]cm-{Iaw Fn-h-bm bp-
ambn ]mw amk-n P\n----hw
Blm-c-h-kv{Xm-Zn-I-fm kv{Xo K`-c sN-
Ww. \memw amkw apXepw hnti-jnv Fmw
amk-n\p tij-hp-amWv K`-c sNt--
Xv. K`nWn hntc-N-I-hpw cq-hpw amZ-I-hpw
_pn--_-e-\m-i-I-hp-amb ]Zm--sfmpw
`n--cp-Xv. s\v, ]m, \ Acn, tKmX-v,
sNdp-]-b, Dgpv apX-em-bh bpn-]qhw
tZi-Im-e--f-\p-k-cnv `n--Ww. K`-Im-
ev \memw amk-n ]pwk-h\w Fmw
amk-n koa-tm--b\w Fo kwkvIm-
* Cu hnjbw tKm]y-am-Ib - m C{X-am{Xw ]d-n-p-
-Xn\n-p apgp-h\pw a\-kn-em-n-sm--Ww.
IqSp-X hnkvX-cn-s-gp-Xp-Xv DNn-X-a-.
(a-ljn-bpsS ASn-p-dn-m-WnXv ]cn-`m-jI- t- -X
- )
70
 \memw kap-mkw
c- hn[n-{]-Imcw \S--Ww.
{]khw Ign-m A-bp-sSbpw Ipn-bp-
sSbpw ico-c-kw-c--W-n hfsc {in--
Ww. ipWvTo-]mIw AYhm ku`m-Ky-ip-WvTo-
]mIw Fo acp-p-I-fn-semv t\ct Xm-
dmn hbvW - w. {]k-ht- ijw kv{Xosb kpK-
-ap sNdp-Nq-Sp-sh--n Ipfn-n--W-w.
B shw sImp-Xs Ipn-tbbpw Ipfn-n-
Ww ]noSv Ipn-bpsS ]pnsmSn-bpsS
Nph-n t\cnb Nc-Sp-sImp sIn \mew-Kpew
\nn, apI-fn hv apdn--Ww. ico-c-nse
cw Xpn-t]mepw ]pd-p-t]m-Im--hn-[-
n thWw sIt--Xv. ]noSv Cunw
ipn-h-cpn AXns hmXn-en-\-Ip hv
s\pw kpK--{Z-hy-fpw sImv tlmaw
sN-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw ]nXmhv Ipn-bpsS
sNhn-bn thtZmkn (\ns t] thZ-sa-m-
Wv) Fp sNmn-tn--Ww. A\-cw
s\pw tX\pw tNv Hcp kzW-i-emI
AXn apn Ipn-bpsS \mhn-t Hmw F
Acw FgpXn B iemI sImp Xs
s\pw tX\pw FSpv Ipn-bpsS \mn
tX-Ww. ]ns Ipnsb A-bpsS ssIbn
sImSp--Ww. Ipnp s]--X-s-bmWv ape-
m sImSp-t--Xv. Abvv ape-m-en-s-
n thsd h kv{Xotbbpw ]co-nv Ah-
cpsS ape-m sImSp-m-hp--Xm-Wv. ]noSv
thp-thmfw ip-hm-bp-hp- -th-sdmcp apdn-
- I v Ipn- t bbpw X- t bbpw InSn,
AhnsS cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t-chpw kpK--
{Z-hy-sf sImv tlmaw sN-Ww. Bdp
Znhkw Ign- b p- - X p- h sc Ipnsb amXmhp
Xs ape-bq--Ww. amXmhv ico-c-]p-jvSn-mbn
hnhn[ \ ]Zm- `n--Ww. tbm\o-
k-tmNw apX-em-bXpw sNt--Xm-Wv. Bdmw
Znhkw amXm-hn\v kqXn-Im-Krlw shSn-bm-hp-
-Xpw Ipnsb apebq-p-hm Hcp [m{Xnsb
(t]m-
- s
- b) \nb-an-m-hp-X - p-am-Wv. [m{Xnv
D-a-`-Ww \Ip-hm GmSp sN-Ww.
[m{Xn Ipnsb ape- b qn ]cn- ] m- e n- - W w.
Fm A-bpsS tat\mw kZm Ah-cpsS
taep-m-bn-cn--Ww. Ipnsb hfp--Xn
t\m-p-d-hp-m-I-cp-Xv. A-bpsS ape-m
{khn-m-Xn-cn-p-hm kvX\m-{K-n acpp
]pc--Ww. Blm-c-Im-cy-nepw hfsc {in-
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
-Ww. Ipn-bpsS \ma-Ic - W
- mZn kwkvIm-c-
kwkvIm-c-hn-[n-bnse coXn-b-\p-k-cnv bYm-
Imew sN-Ww. kv{Xo hopw cP-kz-e-bmbn
ipn-t\-Sn-bm hopw Cs\ EXp-Zm-\-am-
Imw.
EXp-Im-em-`n-Kmao kymz-Zm-c\ - n-cXx kZm.
]cvh-hcvPw {htP-ss\mw XZv{htXm cXn-Im-
aybm (a-\p. 3.45)
\nym-kz-jvSmkp Nm\ymkp kv{Xntbm
cm{Xn-jp-hcvP-b\v. {_-Nm-tcyh `hXn b{X-
X-{Xm-{ita hk (Sn. 3.50)
kz `mcy-bm kwXr-]vX\pw EXp-Km-an-bp-am-
b-h Krl--s\-nepw {_-Nm-cnp Xpey-
\m-Wv.
1. kpjvtSm `mcybm `cvm `cv{Xm `mcym
XssYh N. bkv a n- t h Ipte \nXyw
IeymWw Xss{Xh {[phav.
2. bZn ln kv{Xo \ tcmtNX ]pamwkw \
{]tam- Z - t bXv A{]- t am- Z mXv ]p\x ]pwkx
{]P\w \ {]htX
3. kv{Xobmw Xp tcmN-am-\mbmw kcvhw
Xt{Zm-NtX Ipew. Xkymw Xztcm-N-am-\mbmw
kcvh-tah \ tcmNtX (Sn. 3. 60-62)
1. `mhv `mcy-tbmSpw `mcy `m-hn-
t\mSpw {]oXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn hn-p--Xmb
Ipe-n Xs-bmWv Fm ku`m-Ky-fpw
sFiz-cy-fpw hkn-p--Xv. Ie-l-ap-m-Ip-
n-Sp Zu`m-Kyhpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw nc-am-Ip-
p.
2. `mcy `m-hns\ ktm-jn-n-p-Ibpw
{]km-Zn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXns-n A{]-k-
-\mb `m-hn\v Imaw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
3. kv{Xo {]k--bm-sW-n Ipew {]k-
w. Ah-fpsS A{]-k--X-bn \nt{X ZpxJ-
samw Dm-Ip--Xv.
1. ]nXr-`ncv{`m-Xr-`n-ssXmx ]Xn-`ncvtZ-h-
ssc-kvXYm. ]qPym `qj-bn-X-hym _lp
IeymWao]vkp`nx.
2. b{X \mcykvXp ]qPyt cat X{X
tZhXmx. bss{X-XmkvXp \ ]qPyt kcvhm-
kvX-{Xm-^emx {Inbmx.
3. timNn Pmatbm b{X hn\-iy-Xym-ip-
X-XvIpew. \ timNn Xp bss{XXm hcv[tX
Xn kcvhZm.
4. Xkvam-tZXmx kZm ]qPym `qj-Wm-m-Z-
71
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
\m-iss\x. `qXn-Im-ssacv\s - sccv\nXyw kXvIm-
tc-jq--thjp N
(Sn. 355, 56, 57, 59)
1. hfsc t{ib-kp-m-I-W-sav B{K-ln-
p ]w ]nXm-hv, ktlm-Z-c, `m-hv,
Cf-b-`r-k-tlm-Z-c Fn-h kv{Xov
B`-c-W-hpw kevm-chpw \In ktm-jn-
n--Ww.
2. kv{XoIsf _lp-am-\n-p Ipe-nse
hnZzm-m-cmb ]pcp-j-m tZh-kw t\Sn
km\w can-p-h-kn-p-p. kv{Xosb kw]q-
Py-bmbn Icp-Xm hon Fp sNbvXmepw
Fmw \njv^-e-am-Wv.
3. kv{XoP-\- ZpxJ-]o-Un-X-cmbn Zpcn-X-a-
\p-`-hn-p X-d-hmSv apSnv A\yw \np-
hm Imew hfsc th. kv{XoI kk-
tmjw Dm-l-]qw {]k--Nn--cmbn
Ccn-p Ipew Fpw A`n-hrnsb {]m]n-
p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
4. AXn-\m t{ib-kp-m-Im-\m-{K-ln-p--
h Fmw D-hm-h-k-c--fnepw BtLm-jm-
h- k - c - - f nepw kv { XoIsf B`- c - W - ,
hkv { X- , `y- ] - Z m- Fnh
\In ktm-jn-n--Ww.
""]qPm'' i_vZ-n\v kevm-c-sa-m-W-
sav kZm kvacn--Ww. AXn-\m cm{Xn-t\-
cpw ]I ka-b-pw BZyambn Xn
ImWp- t mgpw ]ncn- p- t ]m- I p- t mgpw
""\akvtX'' Fp {]k--cmbn At\ym\yw ]d-
tbXmIpp.
kZm {]lr-jvSbm `mhyw Krl-Im-tcyjp
Zbm. kpkw-kvIr-tXm-]-kvI-cbm hytb
Nmap--l-kvXbm (Sn. 5.150)
kv{XoI Krl-Ir-Xy--fn ka-I-fm-
bn-cn--Ww. kk-tmjw hon-ep hkvXp-
-sfmw kw-kvIc - np shbvp-I. hoSp hrn-
bmn kqn-p-I. th-Xn-e-[nIw sNehp
sNmXn-cn-p-I, kI-e-km-[-\-fpw ip-
amn shbvp-I, ]mIw sN-s ]Zm-
Huj- [ - X p- e y- a mbn ico- c - n\pw a\-
kn\pw Dm-Im-hp tcmK-sf AI-p-hm
tbmKy-ambn ]mIw sNp-I, sNehpI IW-
s-gpXn hv `m-hns\ t_m[n-n-p-I,
hop-th-e-m, ]cn-Nm-c-I, Fn-h-sc-smv
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
bYm-tbmKyw ]Wn-sb-Sp-n-p-I, hon Xc-
t-sSmpw hcmsX tae-t\z-jWw \S-pI
Fn-h-sbmw kv{XoIfpsS I-hy--fm-Ip-
p.
kv{Xotbm cXv\m-\ytYm hnZym kXyw-
siuNw kp`m-jnXw. hnhn-[m\n N inev]m\n
kam-tZ-bm\n kcvhXx (Sn. 2.240)
D-a-kv{Xo-I ]e-Xcw cXv\-, hnZy,
kXyw, ]hn-{X-X, \-hm-v, ]e-hn[ inev]-
hn- Z y- I - - s sI- s m- g n- e p- I Ch- s bmw
Fm \mSp-I-fn \npw Fm a\p-jy-cn
\npw t\Sp-Ibpw {Kln-p-Ibpw sNm-hp--
Xm-Wv. 15
1. kXyw {_qbm-Xv{]nbw {_qbm--{_q-bm-
-Xy- a - {- ]nbw. {]nbw N \m\rXw {_qbm-tZj
[cvax -k-\m-X\x.
2. `{Zw `{ZanXn {_qbm-Zv`-{Z-an-tXyh hm
htZXv. ipjvI-sshcw hnhmZw N \ Ipcym-
XvtI-\-Nn-l. (Sn. 4.138.139)
1. kZm kXyw ]d-b-Ww. CjvS-s-Sp
kXyw ]d-b-Ww. A{]n-b-amb kXyw ]d-b-cp-
Xv. H--s\ H---s\p ]d-bp-Itbm
hnfn-p-Itbm AcpXv Fw. A\ys\
ktm-jn-n-p-hm AkXyw ]d-b-cp-Xv.
2. Fm-hpw lnX-amb hmp-Itf ]d-
bm-hq. ipjvI-ssh-cw sXp sNm--h-t\mSv
shdpsX shdp-v hmKzmZw Fnh BtcmSpw
Acp-Xv. ap--hp lnX-I-c-sa-n ]c-Zq-j-
Ws `bv AXp ]d-bm-Xn-cn--cp-Xv.
]pcpjm _lthm cmP kXXw {]nbhm-
Zn\x. A{]n-bky Xp ]Yyky hm t{imXm
N Zp-`x. 16
[rX-cm-jv{Ssc! ap--hsc ktm-jn-n-p-
hm kZm {]nb-hmp ]d-bp apJ-kvXp-Xn-
m Cu temI-n hf-sc-bp-v. Fm
tIp-tm ckn-m-Xpw hmkvXh - - n
t{ib-kvI-c-hp-amb hmp-I ]d-bp--h Ipd-
hm-Wv.
A\y-cpsS tZmj- t\cnp ]d-bp-Ibpw
15 aljn, Pa-\n-bnepw apw Cym-msc Abv
inev]m-Zn-I ]Tn-n-p-hm {]b-Xv\n-n-cp-p.
At-l-sa-gp-Xnb Fgp-p-I CXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv.
16 alm-`m-cXw DtZymK -]hw37-15 (hn-Zp-c-\o-Xn)
72
 \memw kap-mkw
Ah-\-hs tZmj-sf Ah-cpsS hmn
\nv Adn-bp-Ibpw A\ys KpW-sf ]tcm-
- a mbn ]d- b p- I - b p- a m- W v \- h p- N n- X w.
t\cn KpW-sf ]pI-gvp-Ibpw Am--
tm tZmjw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-Xv ZpjvS-
m-cpsS coXn-bm-Wv. kzw tZmj-sf A\y-
cpsS apn Xpd-p-]-d-bm-Xn-cn-m kzw
tZmj-sf shSnv KpW-hm-\m-Ip-hm i-
\m-hp-I-bn-. Hcn-epw Btcbpw \nn--cp-Xv.
""KptWjp tZmjm-tcm-]-W-a-kq-bm. AcvYmXv
tZmtjjp KpWm- t cm- ] - W - a - ] y- k qbm
KptWjp KpWm-tcm-]Ww tZmtjjp tZmjm-
tcm-]Ww N kvXpXnx'' KpW-n tZmj-
sbpw tZmj-n KpW-sbpw Btcm-]n-
p-Xp \n-bm-Ip-p. KpW-sf KpW--
sfpw tZmj-sf tZmj-s - fpw ]d-bp-Xv
kvXpXn-bm-Wv, Ak-Xy-`m-jWw \nbpw kXy-
`m-jWw kvXpXnbpw BIpp Fw.
1. _pnhrnIcm- W ymip [\ym\n N
lnXm-\n N. \nXyw imkv{Xm-Wy-th-tX
\nK-amw-ssh sshZn-Im\v.
2. bYm bYm ln ]pcpjx imkv{Xw ka-[n-
K-Xn. XYm XYm hnPm-\mXn hnm\w
Nmky tcmN-tX. (a\p. 4. 19, 20)
1 . _pnpw [\- n- \ pw \bv pw
AXnthKw A`n-hr-n-bp-m-p imkv{X--
sfbpw thZ--sfbpw Znh-khpw tIp-Ibpw
tIn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. {_-N-cym-{i-a-
n kv { Xo]p- c p- j - m CsXmw ]Tn- v ,
a\\w sNp-Ibpw ap--hsc ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw
thWw.
2. Fs-m, imkv{X-sf IqSp-X-embn
B`y-kn-pw- tXmdpw AXmXp hnZy-I-fn-ep
m\hpw A`n-cp-Nnbpw hn-p-p.
]-a-lm-b
Ejn-bw tZh-bw `qX-bw N
kcvhZm. \rbw ]nXr-bw N bYm-
in \ lm]-tbXv (a-\p. 4.21)
A[ym- ] \w {_- b x ]nXr- b
kv X p Xcv Ww tlmtam ssZthm _encv
`utXm \rb-tmf-Xn-Yn-]q-Pav (Sn. 3.70)
17 AYh-thZw 19/55/3,4
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
kzm[ym-tb-\mcvNtbZcvjo\vtlmssacvtZ-
hm-\y-Ym-hn[n. ]nXro {imss \r\-
sscv`q-Xm\n _en-Icva-Wm. (Sn. 3.81)
cv b--sf-n {_lva-N-cy-hn-[n-bn
Fgp-Xn. Hm-atXv thZm-Zn-im-kv{X--fpsS
]T-\-]m-T-\, ktym-]m-k\w, tbmKm-
`ymkw Fn-h-b-S-nb {_lva-bw; cm-
a-tXv hnZzm-m-cpsS tkh-\hpw kwkKhpw
]hn-{X-X, Znhy-Kp-W-, Zm\-`m-hw, hntZym-
Xn Fnh km-Zn-p-I, Fn-h-b-S-nb
tZh- b w; Cu cv bPv R - fpw cmhn-
sebpw kmbm--nepw A\p-jvTn--Ww.
1. kmbw kmbw Krl-]-Xncvt\m Anx
{]mXx {]mXx skua\-k-ky- Zm-Xm.
2.- { ]mXx {]mXcv K r- l - ] - X ncv t \m Anx
kmbwkmbw skua\-k-ky- Zm-Xm. (A.-Imw.
19,7, 3, 4) 17
3. Xkv a m- Z - t lm- c m- { Xky kwtbmtK
{_mWx kym-ap-]m-koX. DZy--akvXw
bm-am-Zn-Xy-a-`n-[ym-b\v. 18 ({_m--tW)
4. \ XnjvTXn Xp bx ]qcvhmw t\m]mkvtX
bkvXpx 19 ]namw. k km[p-`ncv_lnjv
Imcyx kcvh-kvamZv ZznP-IcvaWx (a-\p. 2. 103)
1. kybvv tlman-p tlma-{Zhyw cmhn-
se-hsc hmbp-hns\ ]cn-ip--amn kpJw
{]Zm\w sNp-p.
2. cmhnse An-bn tlman-p tlma-
{Zhyw kmbmw hsc hmbp- h ns\ ipn-
sNbvXv _ew, _pn, BtcmKyw Fnh Dm-
p-p.
3. AXn-\m cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw IqSn-t-cp
ky-I-fn DZ-bm-kvX-a-b--fn Cuiz-cs\
[ym\n-p-Ibpw Antlm{Xw sNp-Ibpw
Ahiyw thWw.
4. Cu cp Iafpw cmhn- s ebpw
sshInpw A\p-jvTn-m--hs\ k-\-
ZznP-I--fn \np _ln-jvI-cn--Ww.
Ahs\ iq{Zs\tmse hnNm- c n- - W - s a-
18 jUznwi {_mWw 4/5 & ssX. B. 2 Bc-Wy-I--
sfbpw {_m-Wa - mbn KWn-b
- m {K-Imc
s]mXpth "{_mtW' Fs-gp-Xn-bX - m-Wv.
19 a\p-kvar-Xn-bn "bivN ]nam k iq{Z-h-Zv_-ln-
jvImcyx Fp ]mTw. {K-Im-c-s ]-alm
b-hn-[n-bnepw Cu ]mTw ImWmw.
73
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
w.
tNm:- aqp t\cw ktym-]m-k\ Fp-
sImp sNbvXp-IqSm?
D:- aqp-t\cw ky-bn-m--Xp-sIm-p-X-
s. shfn-hpw Ccppw IqSn-t-cp ky
cmhn-tebpw sshIp-t-chpw am{X-ta-bp-q.
Cs\ IW-m-msX D-k-a-bp aqm-a-
sXmcp ky IW- m- p- - b m ]mXn-
cmbvpw ktym-]m-k\w sNm--sX-p-
sImv? A-cm-{Xnp kym-h-\w sN-
W-sa-n bmaw-tXmdpw \mgn-I-tXmdpw hn\m-
gn-I-tXmdpw Ww-tXmdpw ky-bp-s-p- I-
cpXn Atm-sgmw kym-h-\w sN-Ww.
As\ sNm-\m{K-ln-mepw Akm-[y-am-Wv.
aym--n ktym-]m-k\ sN-W-sa--
Xn\v {]am-W-sam-p-an-. cp-t\cw kym-h-
- \ hpw tlmahpw sNbv X m aXn. aqp
{]mhiyw th. `qXw, `mhn, h-am\w
Fo aqp Ime-t`-Z--fp-Xv ktym-]m-
k-\sb kw_-n-p--X-.
aqm- a Xv ]nXr- b - - a m- W v . tZh- m
AYhm hnZzm-m Ejn-I (A[y-b-\hpw
A[ym- ] - \ hpw sNbv X p- s Im- n- c n- p- - h )
A,- A apX-emb ]nXr-, hr-m,
m\n-I, ]c-a-tbm-Kn-I Fn-h-smw
tkh\w sNp--XmWv ]nXr-b-w. ]nXr-
bw {im-sapw X-W-sapw cp
hn[-ap-v. "{iXv' Fm kXy-sa-w.
""{iXv kXyw Z[m-Xn bbm {Inbbm km
{im, {i-bm- bXv {Inb-tX -X{mav''
kXyw {Kln-p-hm Ign-bp {Inbsb {i-
sbpw {i-tbm-Sp-IqSn sNp I-n\v
{im-sapw ]d-bp-p. ""Xr]y-n -Xb-n-
tb\ ]nXro XXv XWw'' Pohn-n-cn-p
amXm- ] n- X m- - m apX- e mb ]nXr-- P - \ -
{]km-Zn-p Ia-am-Wv XWw. Pohn-n-cn-
p--hmWv XWw; acn--h-. AY
tZh-X-Wav:-
Hmw {_m-Ztbm tZhm-kvXr-]y-mav
{_m-Zn-tZ-h-]-Xv\y-kvXr-]y-mav
{_m-Zn-tZ-h-kp-Xm-kvXr-]y-mav
{_mZn tZh-K-Wm-kv-Xr-]y-m-av.
CXn tZh Xcv-Wav:-
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
""hnZzm-Mvtkm- ln tZhmx'' 20 Fp iX-]-
Y-{_m--W-n-ep-v. hnZzm-m-scbmWv tZh-
m Fp ]d-bp--Xv. kmwtKm-]mwKw \mep
thZ-fpw ]Tn--hsc {_mhv Fpw A{X-
tmfw ]Tn-n-n-m--hsc tZh Fpw ]d-
bp-p. tZh\v hnZzm Fm-Ww. Ah-sc-
tmse hnZp-jn-I-fmb {_m-W-kv{Xo-I-fmWv
tZhn-am. Ah-cpsS ]p{X-m, injy-m, Ah-
cpsS KW- - - t k- h - I - m Fn- h - c p- s S-
sbmw ip{iq-jbvv {imw AYhm XWw
Fp ]d-bp-p. AY Ejn-X-Wav:-
Hmw aco-Nym-Zb Ej-b-kvXr-]y-mav
aco-Nym-Zyr-jn-]-Xv\y-kvXr-]y-mav
aco-Nym-Zyr-jn-kp-Xm-kvXr-]y-mav
aco-Nym-Zyr-jn-K-Wm-kvXr-]y-m-av.
CXn Ejn-Xcv-Wav:-
{_m- h ns {]s]u- { X- \ mb aco- N n- s b-
tmse hnZzm-\mbn A[ym-]\w sNp--h,
Ahp kZriw hn-cmbn s]Ip-n-Isf
]Tn-n-p Ah-cpsS ]Xv\n-am, Ahp
Xpeycmb Ah-cpsS ]p{X-m, injy-m-,
tkh-I - m Fn-hv tkh-\k - X - vm-c -
sNp--XmWv Ejn-X-Ww. AY ]nXr-X-
W-av.
Hmw tkmakZx ]nX-c-kvXr-]y-m-av. An-
jzmmx ]nXc kvXr]y-mav. _cvln-j-Zx- ]n-
X-ck - vXr-]y-mav. tkma]mx ]nX-ck - vXr-]y-m-
av. lhn-cv`pPx ]nX-c-kvXr]ym-av. BPy]mx
]nX-c-kvXr-]y-m-av. kpIm-en\x ]nX-c-kvXr-
]y-mav. bam-Znt`ym \ax bam-Zow-kvXcv-bm-
an. ]nt{X- kz[m \ax ]nXcw Xcvb - man. ]nXm-
a-lmb kz[m \ax ]nXm-alw Xcvb - m-an. {]]n-
Xm-a-lmb kz[m \ax {]]n-Xm-alw Xcv-bm-
an. amt{X kz[m \tam amXcw Xcv-bm-an.
]nXm-a-ssly-kz-[m -\ax ]n-Xm-alow Xcv-bm-
an. kz]Xvss\y kz[m \ax kz]-Xv\nw- Xcv-
bm-an. kw_-n`yx kz[m \ax kw_-n-\-
kvXcvb - m-an. ktKmt{X`yx kz[m \ax ktKm-
{Xmw-kvXcv-bman 21
CXn ]nXr-XWav:-
20 iX-]Tw 3.7.3.10
21 tkma-ktZmf-n-jzm-m XYm-_cvln-jtZmf]n N
tkma ]m XYm-hn-Zzw-kvX-ssYh N lhncv`pPx
BPy-]m XYm hXvk XYm-lyt\y kpIm-en\x
GtX Nmt\yN ]nXcx ]qPymx kcvth ZznPm Xn`nx
(_r-lZv ]cm-ic - k
- varXn 7/167-168)
74
 \memw kap-mkw
(tkm- a - k - Z x) ""tb tkmta PK- Z o- i ztc
]Zm-hn-Zymbmw N koZn tX tkma-kZx''
]c-am-fl-m-\-nepw ]Zm-hn-Zy-bnepw
\n]p-W-m-cmWv tkma-k-p-. (A-n-jzm-
mx) ""ssbc-t-hn-ZyptXm hnZym- Kr-loXm
tX An-jzmmx'' An-bpsS AXm-bXv
an apX-em-b-h-bpsS m\-ap--h-cmWv
An- j zm- - m (_cvln- j - Z x) ""tb
_cvlnjn Dta hyh-lmtc koZn tX
_cv l n- j Zx'' hnZym- ` n- h r- n- b p- m- p
kXv I - - f n {]hn- n- p- - h - c mWv
_ln-j - p-. (tkm-a] - mx) ""tb tkma-ssa-
iz-cy-tam-j-[o-ckw hm ]mn ]n_n hm
tX tkma]mx'' sFiz-cy-sf cn-p--Xp-
sImv AYhm tkma-sap t]cmb alu-j-
[nbpsS ckw IpSn--bm tcmK-c-ln-X-cm-bn-
cn-p-Ibpw ap--h-cpsS sFiz-cy-sf cn-
p-It- bm ap-h - v Huj-[n-ckw IpSn-m
sImSp-p-Itbm sNbvXv Ah-cpsS tcmK-sf
lcn-p-Ibpw sNp-h - c-- mWv tkma-] - m. (l-
hncv`p-Px) ""tb lhncvtlm-Xp-ap -acvlw
`pRvPtX t`mP-bn hm tX lhncv`pPx'' el-
cn-bp-m-p--hbpw lnwkm-I-c-hp-amb hkvXp-
sf hnv thsd- b p ]Zm-
`n-p-Ibpw `n-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-
cmWv lhn`p-p-I. (BPy-]mx) ""b BPyw
mXpw {]m]vXpw hm tbmKyw c-n hm
]n_-n X BPy]mx'' Adn-bp-hm tbmKy-
amb hkvXp-sf cn-p-Ibpw AYhm s\v,
]m apX-embh `n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-
cmWv BPy-]-m. (kp-Im-en-\x) ""tim`\x
Imtem hnZytX tbjmw tX kpIm-en\x''
kpIrXw sNp--Xp-sImv kpJw \nd
ka-b-ap--h-cmWv kpIm-en-\. (b-ax) tb
Zpjv S m bn \nKr- l v W - n tX bam
\ymbm-[oim'' ZpjvS-msc inn-p-Ibpw
injvS-msc cn-p-Ibpw sNp \ymbm-
[n-]-m-cmWv ba-m. (]n-Xm) ""bx ]mXn k
]nXm'' `Ww sImSppw ip{iq-jn-pw k-
m-\-sf cn-p--h As-n km-
\-sf DXv]m-Zn-n-p--h-\mWv ]nXm-hv. (]n-
Xm-a-lx, {]]n-Xm-alx) ""]nXpx ]nXm ]nXm-
alx ]nXm-a-lky ]nXm {]]n-Xm-alx'' ]nXm-
hns ]nXmhv ]nXm- a - l \pw ]nXm- a - l s
]nXmhv {]]n-Xm-a-l\pw BIp-p. (am-Xm) ""bm
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
am\-bXn km amXm'' `Ww sImSppw
ip{iq-jnpw asf km-\n-p--h amXm-
hv. (]n-Xm-a-lo) ""bm ]nXpcvamXm km ]nXm-
alo'' As A-bmWv ]nXm-a-ln. ({]-]n-
Xm-a-lo) ""bm ]nXm-a-lky amXm km {]]n-
Xm-aln'' ]nXm-a-ls amXm-hmWv {]]n-Xm-a-
ln. Ch-tcbpw Ah\hs `mcy, ktlm-Z-c,
Nm-m, Iq-m, CXc Kpcp-P\ -
- hr-
P-\- Fn-h-scbpw {im-]qw `-W-
]- Z m- , hkv { X- , at\m- l - c - a mb
hml\ apX-em-bh sImSpv \mbn
Xr]vXn-s-Spp-I--A-h-cpsS a\kv kwXr-]vXn-
tbbpw icocw Btcm-Ky-sbpw {]m]n--
{]hr-n-IsIm-p {]oXn-]qw ip{iq-
jn-p--Xm-Wv {imhpw X-W-hpw.
\mem-a-tXv sshiz-tZ-h-b--am-Ip-p.
Blmcw ]mIw sNbvXp-I-gn-m, Dv, Fcn-
hv, Fnh Ie-cm-Xpw a[p-c-hpw s\pw
tN-Xp-amb hn`hw ASp-n \ns-Spv
thsd shn-p An-bn Xmsg ]d-bp
a{w sNmn tlmanv `mKn- p- - X mWv
sshiz-tZ-h-b-w. (C-Xn\p {]amWw:-)
sshiz-tZ-hky knky Krtly f-u- hn-
[n-]qcvhI - av. B`yx- Ip-cym-t-hX
- mt`ym {_m
tWm tlma-a-\z-l-av. (-a-\p. 3. 84)
ASp--f-bn ]mIw sNbvX `-W-n\v
Znhy- K p- W - e`n- p- h m ]mIm- n- b n
Xmsg ]d-bp a{- sNmn hn[n-{]-Imcw
\nXyhpw tlman--Ww.
a{w
Hmw A-tb kzmlm. tkmamb kzmlm.
Aotjmam`ymw kzmlm. hntizt`ym
tZth`yx kzmlm. [\zctb- k zmlm.
Ipsslz-kzm-lm. A\p-a-ssXy-kzmlm. {]Pm-
]-Xtb kzmlm. kl Zymhm-]r-Yn-ho`ymw
kzmlm. kznjvS-Ir-tX- kzm-lm.
Cu a{tfm-tcmpw sNmn \-hw
In-Pz-en-p An-bn Hmtcm BlpXn
hoXw sN-Ww. ]noSv Xfn-I-bn-tem \ne-p-
h-n-p Ce-bn-tem Ingp XpS-nb Znp-
I- f n- s emw Xmsg ]d- b p a{w sNmn
m]n--Ww.
Hmw km\pKm-tb-{m-b-\ax. km\p-Kmb
bamb \ax. km\pKmb hcp-Wm-b-\ax. km\p-
75
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Kmb tkmam-b-\ax. acpZvt`ym \ax AZvt`ym
\ax. h\-kv]Xnt`ym \ax. {iossb \ax. `{Z
Imssfy \ax. {_-]-Xtb \ax. hmkvXp-]-
Xtb \ax. hntizt`ym tZtht`ym \ax. Znhm-
N-tct`ym `qtXt`ym \ax. \mcnt`ym
`qtXt`ym \ax. kcvhmfl `qXtb \ax. *
Cs\ XqIn-bnv _mn As AXn-
Yn-I-fp-s-n Ahp hnf-p-Itbm An-
bn CSp-Itbm sNWw. ]noSv eh-Wmw
AXm-bXv ]cn-v, tNmdv, Idn-I, Nmn Ch-
sbmw Iptdsi FSpv \nev Bdn-Sv
hoXn-n-S-Ww. CXn\v {]amWw:-
iq\mw N ]Xn-Xm-\mw N iz]Nmw ]m]-tcm-
Kn- W ma.v hmb- k m\mw Irao- W mwN i\-
ssIcv\ncvh-t]-Zv `phn (a-\p. 3.92)
""izt`ym \ax. ]Xn-tXt`ym \ax. iz]Kvt`ym
\ax. ]m]-tcm-Knt`ym \ax. hmb-tkt`ym \ax.
Irant`ym \ax'' Fp sNmn hoXnp h-
tijw AsX-Spv Ah-itm hnip he-
bp izmhv, Im apX-emb Pohn-Itm
sImSp--Ww. ChnsS \ax- i-_vZ-n\v Aw
F A-am-Wv. izmhv, ]m]n, NWvUm-f,
]m]-tcm-Kn, Im, Ddpv XpS-nb IoS-
Fn-h-bvsmw `Ww \I-W-sap a\p-
kvarXn apX-emb [a-im-kv{X--fn hn[n-
npv. Cu tlmaw sNp--Xp-sImv ASp-
-f-bn-ep hmbp ]cn-ip--am-Ipw. Adn-bm-sX,
ImWmsX hp `hn- m- h p {]mWn- l nw-
kbvv {]Xn-hn-[n-bpambn.
Am-a-tXv AXn-Yn-b--am-Ip-p.
AXnYn F ]Z-n\v XnYn \n-b-an-m-
Xv F-am-Wv. [man-I\pw ktXym-]-
tZ- i - I \pw Fm- h pw D]- I m- c mw
kh{X k-cn-p--h-\pw XnI hnZzm-\pw
]c-a-tbm-Kn-bp-amb Hcp kw\ymkn Krl-s
hk-Xn-bn sNm Hm-a-Xmbn At-l-
n\v ]mZyw, ALyw, BN-a-\obw Fn-
s\ aqp-hn[w Pew sImSp--Ww, ]noSv
At-l - n\v BZ-ct- hmsS D-am-k\w \In
lrZyamb `-Whpw ]m\o-bhpw \In ip{iq-
jnv {]km-Zn-n--Ww. ]noSv At-l-tmSv
kw`m-jWw sNbvXv, [mam-Im-a-tam--
t\Sp-hm DX-Ip m\-hnPv-Rm-\m-
* a\p 3/87, 91, 92 Fn-h-bn B[m-cnXw
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
Zn-I-sf--n-bp D]-tZ-i- tIv AX-\p-k-
cnv Ah-\-hs kz`m-hs kwkvI-cn--Ww.
Krl--m cmPm--m Fn-hcpw AXn-
Yn-sb-tmse Nne Ah--k-c--fn kevm-c-
tbm-Ky-m-cmWv Fm:-
]mj-WU v n-t\m h- n-Icva- m\vss_Um-eh - r-
n-Im-Tm\v. ssl-Xp-Im\v_I-hrow-
hm-Mvam-t{X-Wm-]n- \mcvNtbXv (a-\p. 4.30)
(]m-jW - vUn) thZ-\n-I - , thZ-hn-cp- (hn-
Icva - x) thZ-f - n \ntj-[n-n-p-h sNp-
-hcpw AkXyw ]d-bp--hcpw (ss_-Um-e-
hr-n-Ix) Hfn-n-cpv, Xw-t\mn Fen apX-
emb {]mWn-IfpsS ta NmSn-hoWv hb-dp-\n-d-
bvp ]q-sb-tmse Znhkw Ign-p--h
(i-Tx) Zpcm-{K-lw, Zpc-`n-am-\w, hmin apX-emb
tZmj--fp--h--A-h-\-h\v Adn-hn-s-nepw
Adn-hp--h D]-tZ-in-m tIm--h
(ssl-Xp-Ix) ""Rm\mWv {_w, PKv anYy-
bm-Wv, thZ-im-kv{X-fpw Cuiz-c\pw `mh-\-
I-fmWv'' Fn-s\ Cm-ep thZm-n-I
Pev]n-p--Xp-t]mse hrYm hmN-I-a-Sn-p--
h (_-I-hr-nx) H-m-en [ym\w sNp-
-h-s\-tmse \Snv ay-sf ]nSn-p-Xnv
kzmw t\Sp sImntb t]mse {]hn-
p Cm-es sshcm-Kn-I, ap Imjmb
hkv{X-[m-cn-I XpS-nb Zpcm-{K-ln-I-sf-bpw
thZ-hn-tcm-[n-Is - fbpw hmm t]mepw kev-
cn- - cp- X v . kev - c n- m Ah A`n- h rn
{]m]nv temI-n A[aw ]c-pw. kzbw
A[x- ] - X n- p- - X n\p ]nb Zpjv I a
sNp--Xn\p ]pd-ta, Ahm-XnYyw \Ip-
-h-scbpw Am-\-km-K-c-n apn-sm-
p-p.
]-a-lm-b-m-\p-jvTm\w sImp e`n-
p ^e--fn-h-bmWv:- {_-bw A\p-
jvTn-p-X - p-sIm-v hnZy, in-Ww, [aw a\x-
kw-kvImcw apX-emb kZvKp-W- A`n-hr-
n-s-Spw. An-tlm-{X-m hmbp, agsh
w, Fnh ]cn-ip--am-bn. ip-amb ag Inp-
I-bm temI-scmw kpJ-a-\p-`-hn-pw. ip-
hm-bp-hns izmk-kv]i-m Btcm-Kyw,
_pn, _ew, ]cm-{Iaw Fnh hn-p-Ibpw
Xn- a nw [am- I m- a - t am- - - f psS
kqW-knn Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. AXn-
\m-et{X CXns\ tZh-bw Fp ]d-bp-
76
 \memw kap-mkw
Xv. ]nXr-bw sImv amXm-]n-Xm--m,
hnZzm-m-cmb alm-flm- Fn-hsc ip{iq-
jn-p--Xp-sImv m\w hn-p-Ibpw
XZzmcm kXym-kXy \nW-bhpw kXys
{Kln-p-Ibpw Ak-Xys XyPn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXv kpJ-a-\p-`-hn-m\pw Ign-bpw. A-\-
- a m, Kpcp Fn- h km- \ - pw
injypw sNbvX tkh-\-n\v {]Xyp-]-
Imcw sNbvXv IrX-X ImWn-p-Xv ]nXr-
b--ns DNn-X-amb asmcp {]tbm-P-\-
am-Ip-p. sshiz-tZh _en-bpsS ^ew app
]d-n-p-v. t{ijvTcmb AXn-Yn-I-fn-s-n
temI- n\v DXn Dm- I p- - X - . Ah
\msSm-pv k-cnv kXyw D]-tZ-in--bm
\mkvXn-I hf-cp-n-. kh-{X-bp Krl-
v kl-P-ambn kXy-hn-m\w e`n-p-
p. am\-h-k-aq-l-n Htc [aw nc-ambn
\ne-\np-p. AXn-Yn-I-fn-s-n kwi-b-
\n-hm-cWw km[y-a-. kwib \nhm-cWw Dm-
bn-s-n ZrV\n-b-ap-m-hn-. ZrV-\n--
b-an-s-n kpJ-sa-hnsS?
{_mt aplqcvt _pt[yX [cvamcvYu
Nm\p-Nn--tbXv Imb-t-imw Xq-em\v
thZ-X-zmcvY-tah N (a-\p. 4. 92)
cm{Xn-bpsS \mem-as bma-ntem \mep-
\m-gnI shfp-nt\m DWv Bh-iy-Ir-Xy-
Ignv [aw, AYw, imco-cnI tcmK-\n-Zm\w
Fn- h - s b- n Nnn- p- I bpw Cuiz- c s\
[ym\n-pIbpw sN-Ww. Hcn-epw A[w
{]hn--cp-Xv. Fs-m:-
\m[cva--cn-tXm- temtI kZyx ^eXn
sKucnh. iss\-cm-hcvX-am-\kvXp IcvXpcv
aqem\n IrXn (a-\p. 4. 172)
sNbvX A[w Hcn-epw \njv-^-e-am-hp-
I-bn-. A[w sNbvX DSs\ ^ew Inp-I-
bn-. AXn-\m Am\nI A[s
`b-s-Sp-I-bn-. ]t, A[m-N-cWw \n-
fpsS kpJs kaqew \in-n-p-sa--dn-b-
Ww. F-s\-sb-m:-
A[cvta-ssW-[tX Xmh-tXm `{ZmWn
]iyXn. XXx k]-Xv\mRvPbXn kaq-ekvXp
hn\-iyXn. (a-\p. 4. 174)
A[an-I-fmb a\p-jy [a-a-cym-Z-Isf
ewLnv aS-ap-dnp Pew ]cpw hw Iw
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
]d- n, If- h v , cm- a m- a m- b thZs
JWv U n- p- I , hnizm- k - h - \ apX- e mb
ZpjvIa- sNbvXv ]c-[\w A]-l-cnv
BZyw A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-p. ]noSv [\w, sFiz-
cyw, Fn-h-bm hnin-jvSm-lm-cw, hkv{Xw,
`qj-Ww, hml-\, m\-am-\ - , am\yX
apX-em-bh t\Sp-p. A\ym-b - m i{Xp-hns\
Pbn-p-p. ]t s]sv IS-]p-g-Inb acw
t]mse A[x-]Xnp \in-p-Ibpw sNpw.
kXy-[cvam-cy-hr-tjp siutN ssNhm-
c- t a- X v - k Zm. injymw injym- cv t aW
hmKv_m-lq-Z-c-kw-bXx (Sn. 4. 175)
hnZzm thtZm--k-Xy-[-cv-as ]-]m-
X-an-msX kXy-{K-lWw Ak-Xy-]-cn-Xym-Kw
\ymb-amb sshZn-I-[s A\p-jvTn-p-
sImv injy-msc ]Tn-n--Ww.
1. EXzn-I] v p-tcm-ln-Xm-Nm-sscycvam-Xp-em-XnYn
kw{inssXx. _me- h r- m- X p- s sccv s sh-
ssZycvm-Xn-kw_n_m-sshx.
2. amXm-]n-Xr-`ymw- Pm-ao-`ncv{`m{Xm ]pt{XW
`mcybm. Zpln{Xm Zmk-hcvtKW hnhmZw \
kam-N-tc-Xv. (Sn. 4. 179, 180)
1. (E-Xzn-Iv) bw \S-p--bm (]p-tcm-
ln-Xx) kZm-Nm-chpw kz-`m-hhpw kZm D]-
tZ-in-p--bm (B-Nm-cyx) Kpcp (am-Xp-ex)
Am-h (A-Xn-Yn) t]mp-h-c-hn\p XobXn
\n-b-an-m--bm (kw-{in-Xmx) B{in-X
(_m-ex) _me (hr-x) hr (B-Xp-cx)
BXp-c (ssh-Zyx) Bbpth-Z-a-dn-bp--bm
(m-Xnx) kz-tKm-{X-ntem PmXn-bntem
P\n- - h (kw- _ - o) izip- c `mcy- b p-
sStbm `m-hn-s-tbm AapX-em-b-h
(_m--hmx) _p-
2. (am-Xm) A (]n-Xm) A (Pmao)
ktlm-Zcn ({`m-Xm) ktlm-Z-c (`mcym) `mcy
(Zp-ln-X) aI (Zm-k-hKx) the-m Fn-
h-tcmSv Hcn-epw hnhm-Ztam Ie-l- e - l- f
- I
- tfm
]mSn-.
AX-]m-kvXz-\-[o--bm\x {]Xn{Kl-cp-Nncv
ZznPx. Aw`-ky-iva--th-t\h kl tXss\-h-
a-Xn ( Sn. 4.190)
(B-X-]mx) {_-N-cy--k-Xy-`m-j-WmZn X]-
kp-I-fn-m--h (A-\-[o-bm-\x) hnZy A`y-
77
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
kn-m--h ({]-Xn-{K-l-cp-Nnx) \-Im-cy-n-
s\p \Snv ]ncnhp \S-p--h Fo
aqhcpw Ip-sImp ]WnX I-en kap{Zw
IS-p--h-sc-tmse XfpsS ZpjvIa--
fn IqSn ZpxJ-km-K-c-n apn-tm-Ip-p.
Ah app-tXm t]mI-s, Ahp Zm\w
\Ip--h-scbpw IqsS apn--fbpp.
{Xnjz-t]y-tXjp Zw ln hn[n-\m-]ymcvPn-
Xw- [-\av. ZmXpcv`-h-Xy-\cvYmb ]c-{Xm-[m-Xp-
tc-h N ( Sn. 4. 193)
[am-\p-krXw km-Zn--Xm-bmepw ap]-
d aqp t]pw Zm\w sNp [\w, Zm\w
sImSp-p--hs\ Cu P-nepw hmp--
hs\ ASp P-nepw \in-n-p-p.
bYm- -th-s\u-]-te\ \na--Xyp-ZtI
Xc\v. XYm \natXmf[kvXmZsu ZmXr
{]Xo-Iu (Sn. 4. 194)
Icn--p-sImp ]WnX tXmWn-bn Ibdn
IS IS-p-hm ]pd-s-Sp--h apn-mIpw
t]mse Am-\n-bmb ZmXmhpw hmp--
h\pw At[m-K-Xn-sb--Zpx-Js {]m]n-p-p.
[a-hn-tcm-[n-bpsS e-W-
1. [a-[zPo kZm ep_v[-ivOm-ZvantIm
temI-Zw-`Ix. ss_Um-e-{h-XntIm ttbm
lnw{kx- kcvhm-`n-k-Ix.
2. At[m-Zr-jSv ncvss\-jI v r-XnIx kzmcvYk- m-
[-\-XXv]cx. itTm anYym-hn-\o-X _I-{h-
X-Ntcm ZznPx (Sn. 4. 195, 196)
1. ([cva[ - z-Po) [an-jvT\ - s- -nepw AXns
t]cn temIsc sIm-b-Sn-p--h\pw (k-
Zm-ep-_v[x) ]c-a-ep-_v[\pw (Om-Zvan-Iw) I]-S-
kz- ` m- h nbpw (tem- I - Z w- ` - I x) kzbw alm
Nav ho-Snp \S-p--h\pw (lnw-{kx)
Pohn-Isf sImp-Ibpw A\y-tcmSv sshcw
]pep-Ibpw sNp--h\pw (kcvhm-`n-k--
Ix) \-h-tcmSpw Zpjv-S-tcmSpw kvt\lw \Sn-
p--h\pw Bb-hs\ (ssh-Um-e-{h-Xn-Ix)
]q-sb-tmse \oN\pw ZpjvS-\p-ambn Icp-X-
Ww.
2. (A-t[m-Zr-jvSnx) Ion-mbn Iogvt]mp
t\mn- b n- c n- p- - h \pw (ss\- j v I r- X n- I x)
XtmSp Ipd-smcp sXp sNbvXp-t]m-bm
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
Ahs\ sImp ]I-ho-p-hm hmin-bp-h - \pw
(kzmcvY km[-\-X-Xv]-cx) I-tam A[atam
hnizm-k-h--\tbm sNbvXv XImcyw t\Sp-
hm NXp-c\pw (i-Tx) Xm ]nSn apb-en\p
sImp aqsp ]d-bp--h\pw (an-Yym-hn-\o-
X) shdpsX hn\bw A`n-\-bn-p--h\pw (_-
I-{hX Ncx) sImn-sb-tmse \oN-\m-sWv
Adn-bW - w. Ch-bmWv [a-hn-tcm-[n-If - psS e-
W-. Ahsc Hcn-epw hniz-kn-c - p-Xv. BZ-
cnp kev-cn--cp-Xv.
1. [cvaw iss\x kn-\p-bmZzevao-I-anh
]pnImx. ]c-tem-Ik - l- m-bmcvYw kcvh` - q-Xm-
\y-]o-U-b\v.
2. \map{X ln klm-bmcvYw ]nXm amXm
N XnjvTXmx. \ ]p{X-Zmcm \ mXncv[cva-
kvXn-jvTXn tIhex.
3. GIx {]Pm-bsX Pp-tcI Gh {]eo-
btX. GtIm-\p-`pMvt kpIr-X-taI Gh
N ZpjvIrXav. (Sn. 4. 238-240)
4. GIx ]m]m\n IpcptX ^ew `pMvt
alm-P\x. t`mmtcm hn{]-ap-Nyt- Icvm
tZmtj-W- en-]ytX. 22
5. arXw ico-ca - p-rPy ImjvTt-emjvTkaw
nXu. hnapJm _mhm bmn [cvakvX-
a-\p-K-Xn (a-\p. 5. 241)
1. Ddpv ]pp-ap tiJ-cnp hevaoIw \nan-
p--Xp-t]mse a\p-jy Pohn-Ism-n\pw
D]-{Zhw sNmsX Pm--c-kuJyw e`n-m
[ak-b\w sN-Ww.
2. Fs-m, A-t\m A-bvtm ]p{X-
t\m `mcybvtm _p-tm ]c-tem-Ip
hp klm-bn-p-hm km[y-a-. AhnsS
[aw am{Xta klm-b-ap-q.
3. t\mq! Poh Hbvp P\n-p-p.
Hbvp acn-p-p. [a-ns ^e-amb kpJ-
tbpw A[a-ns ^e-amb ZpxJ-tbpw
Poh GIm-In-bmbn A\p-`-hn-p-p.
4. Hp-IqSn a\-n-em-W - w. IpSpw-_\ - m-Y
]m]w sNbvXp sImp hcp hI, hop-Im-
scmw A\p- ` - h n- p- p. AX- \ p- ` - h n- p- -
hsmw ]m]-n ]m-fn--an-. sNbvX-
22 alm-`m-cXw DtZym. ]. 33/47
78
 \memw kap-mkw
h\p am{Xta ]m]-ap-q.
5. Hcp-h acn-m Ahs _p- arX-
i-co-cs aI--sb--hw XyPnp ]nn-
cn-bp-p. Bcpw IqsS t]mIp-n-. [aw Hp
am{Xw Ahs\ A\p-K-an-p-p.
1. Xkv a m- cv a w klm- b mcv Y w \nXyw
kn\pbmss\x. [cvtaW ln klm-tb\
Xa-kvX-cXn ZpkvXcw.
2. [cva-{]-[m\w ]pcpjw X]km lXIn-ev
_njw. ]c-temIw \b-Xymip `mkzw Ji-
co-cnWav (Sn. 242-243)
1. AXn-\m hcpw P-n kpJ-k-lm-b-
mbn \ntXy\ [a-kb\w sN-Ww.
Po-hm-flm-hn\v ZpxJ-km-K-cw IS-p-hm GI-
k-lmbn [a-am-Wv.
2. [as {][m-\-ambn Icp-Xp--Xm-tcm
[am- \ p- j v T m- \ - m ]m]- a - I - - h - \ mtcm
Abmsf {]Im-i-kz-cq-]hpw BImiw icocw
t]mse-bp--Xp-amb AXn-ep-]cn ImWm-hp--
Xmbn asm- p- a n- m- - X mb PK- Z o- i z- c n- -
tebvp \bn-p--Xn-\m
1. ZrV-Imco arZpcvZmx {Iqcm-Nm-ssc-c-kw-
h- k \v . Alnwt{km Za- Z m- \ m`ymw PtbXv
kzcvKw XYm-{hXx.
2. hmNycvm \nbXmx kcvth hmMvaqem
hmKzn\nx krXmx. XmwkvXp bx kvtX-\-tb-
ZzmNw k kcvh-kvtX-b-Ir-cx.
3. BNm-cm-` - tX lymbp-cm-Nm-cm-Zo-]k v nXmx
{]Pmx. BNm-cm--\-a---am-Nmtcm ly-e-
Wav. (a-\p. 4/ 246, 256, 156)
1. kZm nc-Nn--\mbn {]hn-p-I-bpw
kc-f-kz-`m-hnbpw C{n-b-sf Pbn--h\pw
lnwk, {Iucyw, Zpcm-Nmcw Fnh kz`m-h-am-
nb No-bm-fp-If - n \np thdn-h- \pw Bb
[an-jvT, at\m-Pbw hnZym-Zm\w Fn-hb - m
kpJw t\Sp-p.
2. Fm A- fpw {]hr- n- I fpw
hmn {]Xn-jvTn-X-am-Wv. kIe {]hr-n-
Ifpw hmWn \S-p-I-bm Ah-bp-sS-sbmw
aqe-Im-cWw hmWn Xs. B hmWnsb Ip-
-h tamjWw apX-em-b kIe ]m]-fpw
sNp--h-\-t{X.
3. AXn-\m Iw XpS-nb A[a-sf
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
XyPn-v {_-Nc - yw, C{n-bP - bw apX-emb kZm-
Nm-c--f-\p-jvTnm ]qWm-bp-kv, t{ijvT-k-
-Xn, A-b-[\w Fnh e`n-pw. As\
[a-a-\p-jvTnv ZpjvS-Xsb shSn-bp--h-cpsS
{]hr-n-I A\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. ImcWw:
Zpcm-Nmtcm ln ]pcptjm temtI `hXn
\nnXx. ZpxJ-`mKo N kXXw hym[n-tXmf-ev]m-
bp-tc-h N (Sn. 4. 157)
Zpcm-Nm-c- sNp--h \-hn-S-bn
\nn-X-\pw Zpx-Jn-X-\pw tcmKnbpw Aev]m-bp-
kp-ambn `hn-p-p. AXn-\m sNt-Xv:
1. bZy-Xv]c- h
- iw Icva X-Zy-Xvt\\ hcvP-
tbXv. bZy-Zm-fl-hiw Xp kymXvtkth
X bXv\Xx.
2. kcvhw ]c-hiw ZpxJw kcvham-fl-hiw
kpJav . FX- Z zn- Z ymXv k am- t k\ eWw
kpJ-Zpx-Jtbmx. (Sn. 4. 159, 160)
1. A\ys A[o-\-n-emb Ia-sf {]b-
Xv\nmbmepw XyPnv kzm-[o-\I - a-f - \
- p-jvTn-
-Ww.
2. Fs- m ]cm- [ o- \ - a m- b - s Xmw
ZpxJhpw kzm[o-\a - m-bXv kpJ-hp-amWv. Npcp-n-
-d-m kpJ-Zpx-J--fpsS eWw CXm-
Wv. ImcWw ]d-bmw.
At\ym-\ym-{inX Ia- sN-W-sa-n
Hcp-h asm-cp-h\v A[o-\s - t Xocq. kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-m Xn-ep {]hr-n-I-fm-Wn-Xn-\p-Zm-
l- c - W w, kv { Xo ]pcp- j - t \mSpw ]pcp- j
kv { XotbmSpw kkv t \lw s]cp- a m- d p- I bpw
At\ym\yw A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn-p-Ibpw
thWw. hy`n-Nm-chpw ]c-kv]c hntcm-[-hr-n-
Ifpw ]mSn-. ]pcp-js B-b-\p-k-cnv
Krl-Ir-Xy--sfmw kv{Xo \S--Ww. ]pd-ta-
bp {]hr-n-I-sfmw ]pcp-j \n-ln-
Ww. Zpcm-Nm-c--fn s]p t]mIp--Xn
\nv ]c-kv]cw XS-b-Ww. Ch-sbmw At\ym-
\ym-{inX {]hr-n-If - m-Wv. hnhm-lt- m-Sp-IqSn
kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m ]c-kv]cw hn-Xp-t]m-se-
bmbn `hn-p-p. Ah-cpsS ]ckv]c tNjvS-
I `mh- XpSn khhpw ]c-kv]-cm-[o-
\-am-sW-w. Ccp-hcpw At\ym\yw CjvS-
an-m {]hr-n-I-sfmpw sN-cp-Xv. hnti-
jnpw hy`n-Nm-cw, thiym-{]m-]vXn, Pmc-{]m]vXn
apX-emb ZpjvIa-sf shSnv `mcym-`m-
79
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
-m At\y\yw {]oXn-]qhw hn--Ww.
{_m-W-cmb BWp- BIp-n-I-sfbpw
]Tn-p kv{XoI s]Ip-n-I-sfbpw ]Tn-
n--Ww. hnhn[ D]-tZ-i- sImSppw
{]kw-K - sNbvXpw Ahsc hnZzm-mcpw hnZp-
jn-I-fp-am--Ww. kv{XoIp ]qP-\o-b-amb
tZh ]Xnbpw ]pcp- j - mp kw]qPy
]Xv\n-bp-am-Wv. Kpcp-Ip-e - n hkn-p Ime-
a-{Xbpw A[ym]-Isc A-\--am-sc-tmse
Icp-X-Ww. A[ym-]-Iv Ah-cpsS injy-m
kzk- m- \ - - s f- t m- s e- b m- b n- c n- p- I bpw
thWw. ]Tn-n-p-hm-\p A[ym-]I - cpw A[ym-
]n-Ia
- mcpw F{]-Im-ca - m-bn-cn-W- s - ap ]dbmw:
A[ym-]-Icpw A[ym-]n-I-amcpw
1. Bfl-m\w kam-cw-`k - vXn-Xnm [cva-
\n-XyXm. bacvYm \m]-Icvjn k ssh
]WvUnX DNytX.
2. \ntj-htX {]i-kvXm\n \nn-Xm\n \
tkhtX. A\m- k v X nIx {i- [ m\ FXXv
]WvUn-X-e--Ww.
3. n{]w hnPm-\mXn Nncw irtWmXn
hnmb NmcvYw `PtX \ ImamXv. \mkw-
]rjvtSm lyp ]-bpMvt ]cmcvtY XXv{]-
m\w {]Yaw ]WvUn-Xky.
4. \m {]m]y-a-`n-hm--n \jvSw t\n
timNnXpw. B]Xvkp N \ aplyn \cmx
]WvUnX_pbx.
5. {]hr--hmIv Nn{X-IY Dul-hm {]Xn-
`m-\-hm\v. Bip {Kky hm N bx k
]WvUnX DNy-tX.
6. {ipXw {]m-\pKw bky {]m
ssNh {ipXm\pKm. Akw-`n- mcyacymZx
]WvUn-XmJymw et`X kx.
Cu tmI- alm-`m-c-Xw DtZym-K-]hw
hnZp-c-{]-Pm-Kcw 32-mw A[ym-b-n-te-Xm-Wv.
1. Bfl-m\w knn-n-p--h, Hcn-
epw Ae-k\pw \njv{In-b-\p-ambn hn-
m--h, kpJ-Zpx-J-, em`-\-jvS-,
kv X pXn- \ n- - I , am\m- ] - a m- \ - Fnh
ktm-j--k-m-]--fp-m-m--h, Fm-
bvt]mgpw ZrV-Nn--X-tbm-Sp-IqSn [aw A\p-
jvTn-p-h - , hnj-bk - p-Ja
- p-fh - m-p hkvXp-
sf Imcyamm--h, Ah-\t{X ]WvUn-
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
X.
2. kZm [am-\p-Iq-e-amb Ia--f-\p-jvTn-
p-I, A[s XyPn-p-I, Cuiz-ct\bpw
thZ--tfbpw kZm-Nm-c-tbpw \nn-m-bvI,
Cuiz-cm-Zn-If
- n {i-bp-h - \- m-bn-cn-pI Ch-
sbmw ]WvUn-Xs I-hy--fm-Wv.
3. ITn-\-hn-j-b--sf-tmepw thKw a\-n-
em-p-hm Ig-bp-h - , hf-sc-mew imkv{X-
sf A`y-kn-p-I-bp-w tIp-Ibpw Nnn-
p-Ibpw sNp-h - , kzw Adnhp apgp-h\pw
]tcm-]-Im-c-n-\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-p--h.
kzmw t\Sp-hm am{Xw {]b-Xv\n-m--
h, kzbw Nnn-m-sXtbm DNn-Xm-h-kcw
Adn-bm-sXtbm asm-cp-h\v Hpw \Im--
h, Ah-\t{X {]m-\-sa {]Y-a-e
Wbp--\mb ]WvUn-X.
4. Al- a - m- - h sb Cn- m- - h \pw
\jvS-s--Xn-s\-n ZpxJn-m--h\pw B]-
n ]cn-{`-an-m--h-\p-amWv _pn-am-\mb
]WvUn-X.
5. hnNn-{X-hm-nbpw GXp hnj-b-nepw
hmZ-{]-Xn-hmZ NXp-c\pw imkv{X-hym-Jym-\-Ip-
i-e\pw X-hn-Zym-hn-N--W-\pw kvac-Wi-
n-bp--h-\pw Aw ]dbp-hm anSp--\p-
amb Bfns\ ]WvUn-X-s\p ]d-bp-p.
6. tI kXym--f-\p-k-cnv _pn-bp-
-h\pw _pn-bp-]-tbm-Knv tIp--h\pw
[anjvTcmb t{ijvTa - \
- p-jy-cpsS acym-Zsb adn-
I-S-m--h-\p-amWv ]WvUn-X F t]cn\v
Al.
C-s\-bp kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m A[ym-]-I-
cm-bn-cn-p-nSv hnZy, [w, kZm-Nmcw
Fnh A`n-hr-n-s-Spw. \ntXy\ kpJw s]cp-
Ipw. ]Tn-m tbmKy-X-bn-m aqV-m-cpsS
e-W-:
1. A{ip-X kap-tm Zcn-{Z alm-
a\mx. AcvYmw-ivNmfIcvaWm t{]]vkpcvaqV
CXyp-NytX _pss[x.
2. A\m-lqXx {]hn-iXn ly]rjvtSm _lp
`mjtX. Ahn-izkvtX hnizknXn aqV-tNXm
\cm-[amx.
23 A[ymbw 33. 35-41
80
 \memw kap-mkw
Cu tmI-fpw alm-`m-cXw DtZym-K-]h-
n hnZp-c-{]-Pm-K-c-n-te-Xm-Wv. 23
1. imkv{X-s - fmpw ]Tn-p-Itbm tIp-
Itbm sNm--h-\pw henb Zpc-`n-am-\n-bpw
Zcn-{Z-\m-sW-nepw AXym-{K-lnbpw {]b-Xv\n-
msX Fmw In-W-sa-m-{K-ln-p--h-\p-
amWv aqV-s\v _pn-am-m ]d-bp-p.
2. hnfn-msX Fhn-sSbpw Ib-dn-sv D-
X-m-\-n-cn-p-I, tNmZn-msX Hmtcmp
Xn-aq-fn-p-I, hniz-kn-m ]mSn-m-h - s
- cbpw
hkvXp--sfbpw hniz-kn-pI Ch sNp--
h aqV\pw a\p-jym-[-anbp-am-Wv.
C-s\-bp--h A[ym-]-I-cpw D]-tZ-jvSm-
- f pw Kpcp- - m- c pw am\y- c p- a mb Znn
Am-\w, A[aw, Imm-f-w, Ie-lw,
hntZz-jw Xnv Ch-sbmw hf-cp-Ibpw
ZpxJw hn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
hnZymn-bpsS e-W-
1. Bekyw aZ-tam-lu N Nm]ew tKmjvTn-
tch N. kvX_v[Xm Nm`n-am-\nXzw XYmfXym-
Kn-Xz-ta-h N. GtX ssh k]vX tZmjmx kypx
kZm hnZymcvYn\mw aXmx.
2. kpJmcvYn\x IptXm hnZym IptXm- hn-
Zym- c v Y n\x kpJav . kpJmcv Y o hm XytP
ZznZymw hnZymcvYo hm XytPXv kpJ-av.
Cu tmI-fpw hnZp-c-{]-Pm-K-c-n-te-Xm-
Wv 24
1. (B-e-kyw) ico-c-n\pw _pn-p-ap
Ae-kX (a-Zx) elcn (tam-lx) AXym-kn
(Nm-]-ew) nc-X-bn-mbva (tKm-jvTn) \pW-
]-dpw tIpw Imew Ign-pI (kvX_ - v[X
- m)
]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I,
Zpc-`n-am-\w, XymK-io-ea
- n-mbva Fn-s\ Ggp
tZmj- hnZymn-Isf _m[n-mw.
2. Cu tZmj--fp--h Hcn-epw ]Tn-p-
I-bn-. kpJw B{K-ln-p-h - \v hnZy FhnsS?
hnZym-`ymkw Cn-p--h\v kpJw FhnsS?
hnj- b - k p- J mn hnZy- t bbpw hnZymn
hnj-b-kp-J-tbpw XyPn--Ww. A\yYm
24. A[ymbw 40.5.6
25 "BNm-c-`m\phnepw Cu tmIw Dr-X-am-Wv.
`ojva-h-N-\-n \nsv AhnsS ]d-bp-p-v.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
hnZym-`ymkw km[y-a-.
ktXy cXm\mw kXXw Zmm-\m-aqcvz-
tcXkmw. {_-Ncyw Ztl-{Zm-P\v kcvh]m]m-
\yp-]m-knXav. 25
kZm kXy-n Xev]-ccpw PntX-{n-b-cpw
Hcn-epw hocyw kvJen-n-m--h-cp-am-b-h-
cpsS {_-N-cy-amWv bYmYw. A-s\-bp--
h-ct{X hnZzm-m-cm-Ip--Xv.
A[ym-]-Icpw hnZymn-Ifpw ip`-e--W-
bp--cm-bn-cn--Ww. hnZymn-I a\km
hmNm IaWm kXy- a - \ p- j v T n- p- - h - c pw
kwkvImcw PntX-{n-bXzw kuioeyw apX-
emb kXvKp-W--fp--hcpw ico-c-_-ehpw
Bfl-_-ehpw km-Zn-v thZm-Zn-im-kv{X--
sfmw A`y-knv hnZzm-m-cmIp-hm-\pw th
Fm {]b- X v \ hpw A[ym- ] - I sN- W w.
hnZymn-Isf ZpamKw shSn-bm\pw Ahsc
]T-t\m-p-Ic - m-m\pw A[ym-]I - kZm {in-
-Ww. PntX-{n-b-cpw im-io-ecpw kl-]m-
Tn-I-fn kvt\l-ap--h-cpw Nn-I-cpw ]cn-{i-
a-io-ecpw Bbn ]qW-hn-Zy, ]qWmbp-kv,
]qW-[aw Fnh t\Sn ]pcp-jmw km-
Zn-p-hm hnZymn-I bXv\n-W - w. {_m-
W- h W- n- e p- h- c psS Ia- - f m- W n- h .
{Xn-b-cpsS Ia- cmP-[a-n hnh-
cnmw 26 sshiy-cpsS Ia- ]dbmw:
{_-N-cy-]qw thZm-Zn-hn-Zy-I A`y-kn--
Ww. hnhmlw sNbvX-Xn\p tijw \m\m-tZ-i-
-fn-ep `mj-I ]Tnv hnhn[ hym]m-c-co-
Xn-I a\-kn-emn km[-\--fpsS hnebpw
{Inb-hn-{In-b-k-{-Zm-bhpw Adnv A\y-cm-
Py--fn k-cnv em`w In---h--ap
{]hr-n-I-fn Gs-S-Ww. ]ip-]m-e-\hpw
Irjnbpw ka-ambn \Sn Ahsb A`n-
hr-n-s-Sp--Ww. [\w hn-nv hnZym-[a-
- f psS A`n- h rnmbn hybw sN- W w.
kXy-hm-Zn-Ifpw \njvI] - S- cp-ambn kIe hym]m-
c-fpw kXys ap\n-dpn sN-Ww. km[-
\--sfmpw \jvS-s-SmsX Fm km[-\--
sfbpw kwc-n--Ww. sshiy-hr-n-I-fm-Wn-
h. iq{Z Fm ]cn-N-c-W--fn-epw ]mN-I-hn-
Zy- b nepw \n]p- W - c mbn {_m- W - - { Xnb
26 Bdmw. kap-m-kw.
81
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
sshiy-msc kkvt\lw ]cn-N-cnv D]-Po-hn-
-Ww. Blm-cw, hkv{Xw, ]mn-Sw, hnhm-
lmZn {Inb-I Fn-h-bvm-h-iy-am-b-sXmw
ZznP \I-Ww. As-n ]cym-]vX-amb
amk-i-fw \evI-Ww. \mep PmXn-Ifpw ]c-
kv]cw {]nbw, D]-Im-cw, \, kpJ-Zp-xJ--
fnepw em`\jvS-fnepw sFI-aXyw Fn-h-
tbm-Sp-IqSn hnv \mSn-sbpw \mm-cp-sSbpw
\bv-mbn X\p, a\w, [\w Fn-hsb hn\n-
tbm-Kn--Ww. kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j-mcpw Hcp-
\mfpw At\ym\yw th]n-cnp hkn--cp-Xv.
Fs-m:
]m\w ZpcvP-\-kw-kcvKx ]Xym N hnc-tlmf-
S\w. kz]vt\mf\y-tK-l-hm-k \mco-k-q-j-
Wm-\n- jSv. (a-\p. 9.13)
Iv, Imhv apX-emb el-cn-If - p-]t- bm-Kn-
p-I, ZpjvS - m-tcmSv kl-hm-kw, `r-hn-tbm-
Kw, h I-k-ym-kn-amsctbm atm ImWp-
hm shdpsX Npn-b-Sn-p-I, ]c-Kr-l-n
]mp-Itbm InS-p-d - p-Itbm sNp-I, Fo
Bdp tZmj- kv{XoIsf Zpjn-n-pw. ]pcp-
j-m-scbpw Ch Zpjn-n-pw. Imcy-km-[y-n-
\mbn tZim-S\w sNp-I, acWw Fo cp
Imc-W--fm `mcym-`m--m Xn
th]mSp hcpw. BZys th]mSv Hgn-hm-p-
hm Zqc- b m{X sNp--t m `mcy- t bbpw
sImp-t]m-IW - w. As\ sNbvXm ZoL-
Ime hntbmKw Dm-hp-Ib - n-.
tNm: kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j-mcpw _lp-hn-
hmlw sNp-Xp \tXm Notbm?
Dcw : Htc ka-bp \-X-.
tNm: `n-Im-e--fn _lp-hn-hmlw
Bh-iy-amtWm?
D: AsX. F-s\-sb-m:
bm kv{Xo Xz--X-tbm-\nx 27 kymZvK-X-{]-
XymK-Xmf]n hm. s]u\cv`-th\ `cv{Xm km
]p\x kwkvIm-c-acvl-Xn.
]mWn-{K-lWw sImp am{Xw hnhm-ln-X-
cm- b - h pw kwtbmKw kw`- h n- n- n- m
27. a\p 9/176 AhnsS km tNZ--X-tbm\n Fp
]mTw km Fp {XnXob ]mZ-nepw hcp--Xn-\m
b-tZm \nXy-kw-_ F \nb-a-{]-Imcw bm
F ]mTw bp-am-Wv.
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
A-X-tbm-\n-bmb kv{Xopw A-X-ho-cy-
\mb ]pcp-j-\pw--kv{Xo-]p-cp-j-mpw thsd
hnhmlw sNmw. Fm {_mW {Xn-
b, sshiy Fo hW--fn X-tbm-
\n-bmb kv{Xopw X-ho-cy-\mb ]pcp-j\pw
]p\hn-hmlw \.
tNm: ]p\hn- h mlw sNp- - X n
FmWp tZmjw?
D: Hv: kv{Xo]p-cp-j
- mv ]c-kv]c - a
- p
kv t \l- n\p Ipdhp hcpw. Fs- m
tXmp- t m- s gmw ]pcp- j kv { Xotbbpw
kv{Xo ]pcp-j-s\bpw Dt]-nv thsd kw_-
-am-Im-a-tm. cv: `mcy-bp-sStbm `m-
hn-stbm ac-W-tijw ]p\hn-hmlw sNp-
hm B{K-ln-p-tm acn--bm-fns kzp-
Pohnn-cn-p--bm ssIh-i-s-Sp-p-
hm bXv\n-pw. Atm acn--bm-fns hop-
Im iWvT-Iq-pw. At\ym\yw Ielw Dm-
Ipw. aqv: Ducpw t]cpw tijn-m hn[-
n At\Iw \ Xd-hm-Sp-I apSn-bp-Ibpw
kv \in-p-Ibpw sNpw. \mev: ]mXn-
{h-Xyhpw GI-]-Xv\o-{h-Xhpw \inp \mam-h-
ti-ja - m-Ipw. Cs\ ]e tZmj-f - p-X
- n-\m
ZznP-Ip-e--fn ]p\hn-hmlhpw _lp-hn-hm-
lhpw Hcn-epw ]mSn.
tNm: k-Xn-bn-m Xd-hmSv A\yw
\np \in-mtem? hy`n-Nmcw sNbvXv K`-
On{Zw apX-emb ZpjvIa- sNm-\p-an-S-
bm-Ipw. ]p\hn-hm-l-at CXnepw t`Zw?
D: A-. Fs-m kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m
{_-\njv-T-cm-bn-cp-m Ccw Ipg---fp-
m-hp-I-bn-. kzPm-Xo-b-\mb Hcp _mes\
Zs-Spp ]p{X-\mbn hfn-bm k-
Xn-bp t]mhp-I-bn-. hy`n-Nm-chpw Dm-hp-I-
bn-. {_-N-cy-kw-c-Ww km[y-a-s-n
\ntbm-K-hn-[n-{]-Imcw k-Xyp-ev]m-Z\w sNm-
hp--Xm-Wv.
tNm: ]p\hn- h m- l - n\pw \ntbm- K -
n\pw Xn FmWp hyXymkw?
D: Hm- a s hyXym- k w hnhmlw
Ignv I\yI ]nXr-Krlw hnv ]Xn-Kr-l-n-
tep t]mbm ]ns ]nXm-hn-t\mSv hnti-
j-_--sam-p-an-. \ntbm-K-hn-[n-{]-Imcw hn[-
h-I BZyw hnhmlw sNbvX `m-hns
82
 \memw kap-mkw
Krl-n Xs hkn-p-p.
cm- a - t Xv: hnhm- l - n- e p- mb
amWv As kzn-\-h-Im-iw. \ntbm-
K-hn-[n-{]-Imcw hn[-h-bn P\n-p km-
\-sf hocy-Zm-Xm-hns km-\--fm-b acn-
p-t]mb `m-hns a-fm-bmWv Icp-Xp-Xv
hocy-Zm-Xm-hns tKm{Xmw-K-Xz-tam kz-h-Im-
itam Ahp e`n-p-I-bn-. Ahsc hn[-
hbpsS arX-`m-hns km-\ - f - mbn KWn-
v, B tKm{Xn s]Sp-n, kz-hI - m-ihpw
\In, B IpSpw-_-n Xs hkn-n-p-
p.
aqm-a-tXv: hnhm-ln-X-cmb `mcym-`m-
-m At\ym\yw ip{iq-jn-p-Ibpw kwc-
n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. \nbp--cmb kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-m Xn Acw IS-m-sSm-p-an-.
\mem-a-tXv: `mcym-`r-_w ac-W-
]-cyw \ne-\np--Xm-Wv. \nbp--cmb
kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS _w Dt-i-]qn-
tbmsS Cm-Xm-Ip-p.
Am-a-tXv: hnhmlw sNbvXv `mcym-
`m--m-cm-b-h Ah-cpsS am{Xw Krl-
nse Imcy- t\mn \S-p-p. \nbp-
-cmb kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Hmtcm-cp--cp-
sSbpw Krl-Im-cy- am{Xw t\mp-p.
tNm: hnhm- l - n- s bpw \ntbm- K -
nsbpw \nb-a- sht-sd-bmtWm?
D: cn-sbpw \nb-a- Xn sXp
t`Zapsp app ]d-p. hnhmlw sNbvX
kv { Xo]p- c p- j - mv - - H cp ]pcp- j \pw Hcp
kv{Xopw IqSn ]p km-\--fp-m-Imw.
\nbp- - c mb kv { Xo]p- c p- j - mv ctm
\mtem km-\--fn-e-[nIw Dm-Im ]mSn-
. ]n-e-[n-Iw km-\-sf Dev]m-Zn-n--cp-Xv.
Ipam-c-mpw I\y-I-ampw Xnte
hnhmlw ]mSpq Fp \nb-a-ap--Xp-t]mse
hn[- h bv pw hn[p- c \pw Xn am{Xta
\ntbmKw ]mSp-q. Ipam-cn--Ip-am-c-m Xn
]mSn-.
`mcym-`m--m kZm Hnp ]mp-
- X p- t ]mse \nbp kv { Xo]p- c p- j - m
]mm-dn-. EXp-Im-e - n-e - msX asm- cn-
epw Ah Hnp tNcm-dn-. kv{Xo Xs
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Bh- i y- n\v \ntbmKw sNbv X m cm-
as K`-[m-c-W-tm-Sp-IqSn \ntbm-K-_w
ths]-Sp-W - w. ]pcp-j Xs Bh-iy-n\v
\ntbmKw sNbvXmepw cm-as K`-tm-
Sp-IqSn _w Hgn-b-Ww. \nbp--bmb kv{Xo
B Ipn-Isf ctm aqtm sImw hfn
\ntbmKw sNbvX ]pcp-js\ Gn--Ww.
C{]-Imcw Hcp hn[-hbvv Xs kzw Bh-
iy-n-\mbn cpw Xs \ntbmKw sNp
\mep ]pcp-j-mv cp hoXw Fpw IqSn
]p Ipn-Isf {]k-hn-mw. AXp-t]mse
Xs `mcy acn-n-p Hcp ]pcp-j-\v, X\n-p-
thn cpw Xs \ntbmKw sNp \mep
hn[-h-am-cpsS Bh-iy-n-\mbn Fpw IqSn
]p Ipn- I sf Dev ] m- Z n- n- mw. Cs\
Fmw IqSn ]p km-\-sf Dev]m-Zn-n-
p-hm-\p hn[n thZ-n-ep-v.
Camw Xzan{ aoVzx kp]p{Xmw kp`Kmav
IrWp. Zimkymw ]p{Xm-\m- t[ln ]Xn-ta-
Im-Ziw Ir[n. (E. 10.85.45)
tl (ao- V z, C{) hocy- t k- N - \ - n
{]m]vX\pw sFiz-cy-bp--\p-amb ]pcp-j, \o
Cu hnhm-ln-X-bmb kv{Xosb AYhm hn[-h-
Isf k-m-\--fp--hcpw ku`m-Ky-ap-
h-cp-am-n, hnhmlw sNbvXn-p `mcy-bn
]p ]p{X-msc Dev]m-Zn-n-p-Ibpw `mcysb
]Xn-s\m-m-a--h-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-p-Ibpw
sNp-I. Atbm kv{Xo! \o \ns th ]pcp-
j-\n \ntm \ntbmKw sNp ]pcp-j-\n
\ntm K`w [cn-v ]p ]p{X-msc {]k-
hn-p-Ibpw ]Xn-s\m-m-a-t-Xmbn `m-
hns\ KWn-p-Ibpw sNp-I.
Cu thZ-hn-[n-{]-Imcw {_mW {Xnb
sshiy- h W- - f n- e p kv { Xo]p- c p- j - m
A[n- I - a m- b m km- \ - _e- l o- \ cpw
Aev]m-bp-kp-I-fp-am-Ipw. AXp-t]mse kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-mcpw _e-hpw Bbppw Btcm-Kyhpw
bnv hm-Iy-n AXn-ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-
pw.
tNm: Cu \ntbmKw hy`n-Nmcw t]mse
tXmp-p.
D: hnhm- l tam \ntbm- K tam sNm
kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m Xn-ep _-amWv hy`n-
83
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Nm-cw. hnhmlw sNbvX Z-Xn-IfpsS _w
hy`n- N m- c - a - m- - X p- t ]mse hn[n- { ]- I mcw
\ntbmKw sNp-Xpw hy`n-Nm-c-a-. Hcm-fns
I\y-Isb asm-cm-fns Ahn-hm-ln-X-]p-{X
imkv{X-hn-[n-{]-Imcw hnhmlw sNbvX tijw
Ah-cpsS kam-K-a-n hy`n-Nm-cw, ]m]w,
e Fn-h-sbmpw Cm--Xp-t]mse thZ-
-im-kv{X--fn hn[n-n-p \ntbm-K-nepw
hy`n-Nm-c-tam ]m]-tam etbm Dsp Icp-
X-cp-Xv.
tNm: Imcyw icn Xs ]t CXp
thiym-hr-n-bm-sWp tXmp-p.
D: A; thiym-ka - m-Ka-
- n \nnX ]pcp-
j-s\--, bmsXmcp \nb-ahpw C. \ntbm-K-
nse \nb-a- hnhm-l-n-t-Xn\p Xpey-
am-Wv. I\ym-Zm-\ - n-tem hn[n-{]-Imcw hnhmlw
sNbvX-h-cpsS kam-K-a-ntem e-bp-m-Im-
Xv t]mse \ntbm-K-nepw Dm-I-cp-Xm--
Xm-Wv. hy-`n-N-cn-p ]pcp-jt\m kv{Xotbm
hnhm-lw-sN-bvXmepw B ZpjvIa-n \np
c-s]-Sptam?
tNm: \ntbm- K - n ]m]- a p- s p
R hnNm-cn-p-p.
D: \ntbm-K-n ]m]-ap-sp hnNm-cn-
p ]w Fp-sImv hnhm-l-nepw
]m]-an? \ntbm-Ks \ntcm-[n-p--XmWv
]m]w. hnc- n- b pw ]qW sshZp- j yhpw
knn tbmKn-Ism-gnv {]Ir-Xym-bp-Xpw
Cuiz-cs krjvSn-{I-a-n-\-\p-k-cn-p--Xp-
amb {]hr-n-I XS-bp-hm Bpw km[y-
a-. {`qW-l-Xybpw hn[-h-I-fp-sSbpw hn[p-c-cp-
sSbpw AXy ZpxJw Fnh ]m]- a - t .
bu\w \ne-\np-thmfw hnj-b-kp-Jhpw
km-\-e-_v[nbpw B{K-ln-p-p. kmaq-ly-
co-Xn, PmXn-\n-b-a- Fnh Ah-cpsS B{K-
ls ASn--ap-tm cl-ky-ZpamK-
-fn-eqsS kzImaw ]qo-I-cn-p-p. hy`n-
Nm-chpw Zpcm-N-m-chpw \inn-m \-hgn
PntX-{n-b-cm-bn-cn-m in-bp--h hnhm-
ltam \ntbm-Ktam sNm-Xn-cn-p--Xm-Wv.
Ah-c-s\ sNp-Xv DNn-X-am-Wv. ]t
C{n-b-sf AS-p-hm Ign-hn-m--hv
hnhm-lhpw KXy--c-an-m--tm \ntbm-
Khpw IqSntb Xocq. A-s\-bm-bm hy-`n-
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
Nmcw Ipd-bpw. kvt\l-n \nv D-a-k-
m-\- Dmbn a\p-jy A`n-hrn {]m]n-
pw. {`qW- l Xy Xosc Cm- X m- h p- I bpw
sNpw. \oN- ] p- c p- j - m- t cmSv D- a - k v { Xo-
Ipw thiymZn \nIrjvS kv{XoI-tfmSv \
]pcp-j - mpw DmIp hy`n-Nm-cs - a \oN-
Ir-Xyw, Xd-hm-n If-w, hwi-\m-iw, kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-m-cpsS km-]w, {`qW-lXy apX-emb
Zpjv I r- X y- Fn- h - s bmw hnhmlw
sImpw \ntbmKw sImpw \in-p-p. AXn-
\m \ntbmKw Hcp Bhiyw Xs-bm-Wv.
tNm: \ntbmKw Fs\ sNWw?
D: hnhmlw ]c-ky-ambn sNp-X - p-t]mse
\ntbm-Khpw Fm-hcpw Adnp sN-Ww.
hnhm-l-n\v th-s--h-cp-sSbpw h[q-h-c-m-
cp-sSbpw k-Xhpw kp-jvSnbpw Bh-iy-am-
b-Xp-t]mse \ntbm-K-nepw Ah Bh-iy-am-
Wv. kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xn \ntbm-K-n-
tes-Sp-tm Ah-cn-cp-hcpw X-fpsS IpSpw-
_-nse kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS ap]n hv
C{]-Imcw i]Yw sNWw: ""R cp-
t]cpw km-\-e-_v[n-mbn \ntbm-K-n
Gs-Sp-p. \ntbm-K-ns eyw {]m]n-
m ]ns R kw_--ap-t]-n--pw.
adnp {]hn-p- ]w, R ]m]n-
Ifpw kmap-Zm-bn-Ihpw cmP-Io-b-hp-amb in-
l- c p- a m- I p- - X m- W v . amk- n Hcp
{]mhiyw am{Xta R K`m-[m\w sNp-
I- b p- q. K`- a p- m- b m ]ns Hcp
sImwhsc R th]n-cnp hkn-p-sIm-
mw.''
tNm: kzw PmXn-bn am{Xta \ntbmKw
BImhq Fptm? A\y- P m- X n- b nepw
BImtam?
D: kv{Xov Xs PmXn-bntem DXvIr-jvS-
Pm-Xn-bntem s] ]pcp-j-t\mSv \ntbm-K-am-Imw.
sshiy-hW-n-ep kv{Xov {_m-W--
{Xn- b - s sh- i y- m- t cmSp IqSnbpw {Xn- b -
kv{Xov {_mlvW--{Xn-b-m-tcmSp IqSn-bpw
{_m- W - k v { Xov {_m- W - t \mSp IqSn
am{Xhpw \ntbm-K-am-Imw. hocyw katam DXvIr-
jvStam Bb PmXn-bp-tS-X-msX \nIr-jvS-am-
I- c p- s Xp Xmev ] - c yw. kv { Xo]p- c p- j - msc
krjvSn-n-cn-p--Xns {]tbm-P\w thZm-\p-
84
 \memw kap-mkw
Iq-ehpw [am-\p-kr-X-hp-amb hn[-n hnhm-
ltam \ntbm- K tam sNbv X v km- \ - sf
Dev]m-Zn-n-p-I-bm-Wv.
tNm: ]pcp-j\v ]p\hn-hmlw sNm-
hpXn-\m \ntbmKw Fn-\mWv?
D: ZznP-hWv kv{XoIpw ]pcp-
j-mpw Hcn- am{Xta hnhmlw ]mSp-
q, cm-aXp ]mSn-. Fp thZ-im-kv{X--
fn hn[n-n-p-sv apsm-cn-Sp ]d-n-
p-v. Ipam-co-Ip-am-c
- m-cpsS hnhmlw am{X-amWv
icn. hn[-hsb Ipam-c-\pw I\y-Isb hn[p-c\pw
hnhmlw sNp-Xv A\ym-bhpw A[-hp-
am-Wv. hn[-hsb hnhmlw sNp-hm Hcp
]pcpj\pw B{K-ln-m--Xp-t]mse hnhmlw
sNbvXv kv{Xok-am-Kaw sNbvXn-p Hcp-hs\
hcn-p-hm Hcp I\y-Ibpw B{K-ln-p-I-bn-
. hnhm-ln-Xs\ I\y-I-bpw hn[-hsb Ipam-
c\pw kzoI-cn--bn-sp hcp-tm, \ntbm-
K-ns Bhiyw hcp-p. Xpey-cpsS _-
amWv [am-\p-kr-X-am-b-Xv.
tNm: hnhm-l-n-\p--Xp-t]mse \ntbm-
K- n\pw thZm- Z n- i m- k v{X- - f n
{]amWaptm?
D: At\Iw {]am-W- Dv. ImWq!
tIq!
1. Ipl- kzn-tmjm Ipl hkvtXm-c-izn\m
Iplm-`n]nXzw IcXx Iptlm-jXpx. tIm hmw
ibp{Xm hn[-thh tZhcw acyw \ tbmjm
IrWptX k[ B. (E. 10.40.2)
2. DZocv j z \mcy- ` n- Po- h - t em- I w KXm
kptaXap] tij Gln. lkvX-{Km-`ky Zn[n-
tjmkv-X-th-Zw ]XyqcvP-\n-Xz-a`n kw _-`qY.
(E. 10.18.8)
1. Atbm (Aizn\m) kvXo]p-cp-j-msc!
(tZh-cw, hn[-thh) hn[-h-bmb kvXo Xs
tZh-c-t\bpw 28 (tbmjm-a-cyw\) hnhm-lnX
Xs `m- h n- t \bpw (k[t) kam\
m\pw i-bnepw Hn-p-tNv km-
t\m- e v ] m- Z \w (BIr- W ptX) sNp- - X p-
t]mse \n-fn-cp-hcpw (Ipl-kzn-tmjm) cm{Xn-
bn-se-hnsS (Ipl-hkvXx) ]I-se-hnsS hkn-
n-cpp? (Iplp-`n-]nXzw IcXx) Fhn-sS-\nv
28 `m-hns Cfb ktlm-Z-c
Fp cqVmYw
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
]Zm- t\Sn? (Iptlm-jXpx) GXp
kabw Fhn-sSmw hkn-n-cpp? (tIm hmw
ibp{Xm) \n-fpsS ib-\-m\w Fhn-sS-
bmWv? \n Bcv? GXp \mp-Im-c-\mWv?
`mcym- ` m- - m hntZ- i - b m- { X- b nepw
kl-h-kn--W-sapw hn[-h-amp \ntbmKw
sNbvX ]Xn-tbmSv hnhmlw sNbvX `m-
hn-t\m-sShw kwK-anv km-\-e-_v[n-bm-
Im-sapw CXn\np knn-p-p. `m-
hn\v A\p- P Cs- n hn[h BtcmSv
\ntbmKw sNpw?
D: tZh-c-t\m-Sp-X-s. Fm tZh-c
F-Xns Aw \n a\-n-em-n-bn-
cn- p- - X p- t ]m- s e- b - . \ncp- - n ]d-
bpp:
tZhcx IkvamXv ZznXotbm hc DNy-tX.
(\ncp. 3.15.)
hn[-h-bpsS cm-as `m-hn-s\-bmWv
tZh-c Fp ]d-bp--Xv. `m-hns A\p-
Pt\m tPyjvTt\m kzPm-Xo-bt\m AYhm
DX PmXo- b t\m Bcm- b m- e pw hn[h
\ntbmKw sNp--bm-fns\ tZh-c Fp ]d-
bp-p. 2. Atbm (\mco) hn[-th, \o (GXw
KXm-kpav) acn-p-t]mb `m-hn-s\-n Nnn-
msX (titj) tijn ]pcp-j-m-cn\nv
(A`n-Po-h-temIw) Poh-\p cmw `m-
hns\ (Dss]ln) {]m]n-p-I. (D-Zojz) CXn-
s\-n Btem-Nnv Cs\ \n-bn-pI (l-
kvX-{Km-`ky Zn[n-tjmx) hn[-h-bmb \ns
hopw ]mWn-{K-lWw sNp \nbp--]-
Xn-mWv \ntbm-K-sa-n (C-Z-av) Cu (P-\n-
Xz-av) P\n-p- Ipn (]-Xypx) B \nbp--]-
Xn-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-pw. adnv \ns Bh-iy-n-
\m-sW-n km\w (X-h) \nt-Xpam-bn-
cnpw (A-`n-kw-_-`q-Y) Cs\ \ni-vN-bn-p-
I. \nbp--]p-cp-j\pw Cu \nbw ]men--
Ww.
AtZ-hr-Lv\y-]X - nLv\ossl[n inhm ] - i
- p-
`yx -kp-bam kphcvNmx. {]Pm-hXo hoc-kqcvtZ-
hr-Imam tkymt\aanw Kml-]Xyw k]cy.
(A-Yhw 14.2.18) 29
(A-]-Xn-Lv\yw-tZ-hr-Lv\n) 30 `m-hn\pw
tZh-c\pw ZpxJ-ap-m-m h\n-tX, \o (C-
85
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
l) Cu Krl-m-{i-a-n (]-ip-`yx) arK-
v (in-h) awK-f-Im-cn-Wnbpw (kp-b-amx)
[- a mK- N m- c n- W nbpw (kp- h cv N mx) kp-
cnbpw kIe imkv{X-hn-im-c-Zbpw ({]-Pm-h-Xo)
t{ijvT-cm-b -]p-{X-]u-{Xm-Zn-I-fp--hfpw (ho-c-
kqx) hoc-]p-{X-msc {]k-hn--hfpw (tZ-hr-Im-
am) tZhcs\ Iman-p-h - fpw (tkym-\m) kpJ-
{]-Z-bp-am-bn, `m-hn-t\tbm tZh-c-t\tbm
(G-[n) {]m]n-v, (C-a-av) Cu (Kmcvl]Xy-av)
Krl- k w- _ - n- b mb (A- n- a v ) tlmam-
nsb (k-]-cy) Pzen-np \ne-\np-I.
Xma-t\\ hn[m-t\\ \ntPm hntX tZhcx
(a-\p. 9.69)
A-X-tbm-\n-bmb kv{Xo hn[-h-bm-bm
`m-hns kzw A\p-P\v Ahsf hnhmlw
sNmw.
tNm: Hmtcm-cp-pw F{X \ntbmKw
hoXw sNmw? hnhmlw sNbv X - h cpw
\ntbmKw sNbvX-h-cp-amb `m--m-cpsS
kw-I Gh?
D:tkmax {]Ytam hnhntZ Kcvthm
hnhnZ Dcx. XrXotbm AnjvtS ]Xn-
kvXq-co-bkvtX a\p-jyPmx (E. 10. 85.40)
Atbm \mco! (tX) \ns ({]-Y-ax) Hmw
hnhm-l-nse (]-Xnx) `m-hmbn (hn-hn-tZ)
\ns {]m]n-p--bm-fn\v (tkm-ax) kuIp-am-
cymZn KpW--fm tkma Fp t]cmWv.
\ntbm-K-m (hn-hn-tZ) {]m]n-p ZznXo-
b (K-hx) asmcp kv{Xosb {]m]n-n-cp-
-Xn-\m Kh F kw-bp--h-\m-
Wv. (Xr-Xob D-cx) ]noSv aqm-as
`m-hm-Ip--bmv (A-nx) AXy-[nI
km- ] - a p- f - h m- ph\m- I - b m An
FmWv kw. (tX) \ns (Xp-cn-bx) \mep
apX ]Xn-s\mp hsc-bp \nbp--]-Xn-
Iv (a- \ p- j y- P mx) a\pjy FmWv
kw.
"Cam Xzav' 31 F a{-a\ - p-kc
- nv kv{Xov
]Xn- s \mp ]pcp- j - msc \ntbm- K n- m- h p-
Xpt]mse ]pcp-j\v ]Xn-s\mp kv{XoI-
29 AYhw 14-mw ImWvUw 2mw kqw 18-mw a{w
30 kzc-im-kv{X-a-\p-k-cnv A]-XnLv\o AtZ-hrLv\o
Fp ]Zw
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
tfbpw \ntbm-Kn-mw.
tNm: GIm-Zi - k
- w-b - m ]p-]p-{X-m-
scpw ]Xn-s\m-m-aXv ]Xn-sbpw Fp-
sImv Fn-qSm?
D: As\ Aw ]d- b p ]w
""hn[thh tZh- c av '' ""tZhcx Ikv a mXv
ZznXotbm hc DNytX'' ""AtZ- h rLv \ n''
""Kthm hnhZ Dcx'' apX-emb thZ-{]-
am-W-p hncp--ambn Xocpw. Fs-m
\n- f psS hymJym- \ - a - \ p- k - c nv cmw
`mhv Dm-bn-q-S-tm.
tZh-cmZzm k]n-WvUmZzm kv{Xnbm kay-
Mv\n-bp-bm. {]tP-]vkn-Xm-[n-K - hym km-
\ky ]cn-tb. 32
tPyjvtTm bho-btkm `mcymw bho-bm-\zm-
{K-P-kv{Xn-bav. ]XnsXu `htXm KXzm \nbp-
m-h-]y-\m-]Zn. 33 Huckx t{X-P-ss-
h 34
C-s\-bmWv a\p Fgp-Xn-bn-p--Xv. k]n-
WvU AYhm `m-hns Bdp Xe-ap-d-hsc
AI _p- - f n s], `m- h ns
tPyjvTm-\p-P-m, kzPm-Xn-bn-ep--h, D-X-
Pm- X o- b , Fn- h - t cm- S mWv hn[- h bv v
\ntbmKw hnln-X-am-b-Xv. Fm \ntbmKw
sNp-Xv hn[p-c-\pw hn[-hbvpw km-\-e-
_v[nv B{K-l-ap-s-nte DNn-X-am-bn-cn-q.
A\yw \np-tmgpw \ntbmKw Bh-iy-am-
Wv. km\w AXy-m-t]-n-Xa - m-bn-cn-p-tm-
g-msX (tPy-jvTs `mcy-tbm-Sp-IqSn A\p-P-
t\m A\p-Ps `mcy-tbm-Sp-IqSn tPyjvTt\m
\ntbmKw sNbv X p km- \ - a p- m- b - X n\p
tijw) hopw _w XpSm Ccp-hcpw
]Xn-Xc - m-Ipw. Hcp \ntbm-K
- ns IqSnb Imem-
h[n cm- a s K`m- [ m\w hsc- b m- W v .
CXn\p tijw \nbp- Xn kam-Kaw
]mSn-. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m-cn-cp-h-cp-sSbpw Bh-
iy-am-bn-mWv \ntbm-Ksa-n \mem-as
K`m-[m\w hsc Imem-h-[n-bm-Imw. Cs\
31 t]Pv 183 ImWp-I. AhnsS {]I-c-W-h-im ]p
km-\ - s
- fpw ChnsS \ntbm-K{- ]-Ic
- W
- a
- m-Ib
- m
]p \ntbm-Khpw Hcp hnhm-l-hp-sav AYw ]d-
n-cn-p-p.
32 a\p 9. 59
33 Sn. 9.50
34 Sn. 9. 159
86
 \memw kap-mkw
ap]-d--hw ]p km-\- hsc-bm-
Imw. \nbp- hopw kam-Kaw sNbvXm
AXp hnj-bm-kn \nan--am-Wv. Xn-anw
Ahsc ]Xn-X-cmbn KWn-pw. hnhm-ln-X-cm-
bmepw ]p- I p- n- I ]nd- - X n\p tijw
Ahsc Imam-Xp-ccpw \nn-X-cp-ambn KWn-pw.
hnhm-lhpw \ntbm-Khpw k-Xn-p-thn
am{X- a m- W v . arK- - s f- t mse arKob Ima-
]qnp thn-b-sp Xmev]-cyw.
tNm: `mhp acn--ti-j-a-msX Pohn-
n-cn-p-tmgpw \ntbmKw \S-mtam?
D: \Smw: A\y-an-kz kp`tK ]Xnw
aXv. (E. 10. 10. 10) `m-hn\v km-t\m-ev]m-
Z-\-km-ayw CmsX hcp-tm `mcy-tbmSv
Bm-]n--Ww.: ""tl (kp`-tK) ku`m-
Kys Cn-p \mco! \o (a-Xv) Fn
\nv (A-\yw) A\y-\mb `m-hns\ (C--
kz) Cn-p-I. Fs-m, Ctm Fn
\nv km-t\m-ev]n Dm-hm km[y-X-
bn-.'' Atm kv{Xov CX-c-]p-cp-j-\p-ambn
\ntbmKw sNbvXv km-t\m-ev]m-Z-\-am-Imw.
]t Ah kzw hnhm-lnX `m-hns\
ip{iqjn--Ww. CXp-t]mse tcmKm-Zn-tZm-j--
fm kv{Xo km-t\m-ev]m-Z-\-n\v Ak-
a-bm-Ip-tm `m-hn-t\mSv A`yn-
Ww: ""\mYm Fn \nv km-\-e-_v[n-
bp-m-Ip-sa Bi shSnv GsX-nepw hn[-
hsb \ntbmKw sNbvXv, km-\-`mKyw t\Sn-
bm-epw.'' ]mWvUp-al - m-cm-Pm-hns ]Xv\n-am-cmb
Ipn, am{Zn Fn-h C{]-Im-c-amWv sNbvX-
Xv. Nn{Xmw-K-Z, hnNn-{X-ho-c Fo alm-cm-
Pm- - m-cpsS ac-Wt- ijw thZ-hym-ka - lmap\n,
\ntbm-K-m Aw_n-I-bn [rX-cm-jv{S-\pw
Aw_m-en-I-bn ]mWvUp-hn\pw Zmkn-bn
hnZp-cpw Pw \In, Ccw CXn-lm-k-
\ntbm-K-n\v sXfn-hmWv.
1. t{]mjntXm [cva Imcymcvw {]Xo-
tymfjv S u \cx kamx. hnZymcv Y w jSv
btimfcvYw hm ImamcvYw {XnwkvXp h-cm\v.
2. hym-jvS-taf[n-th-Zym_vtZ Zita Xp
arX-{]Pm GIm-Zti kv{Xo P\\o kZy-kvXz-
{]n-b-hm-Zn\o (a-\pkvarXn 9.76.81)
1. hn[n-{]-Imcw hnhmlw sNbvX ]Xv\nv
Xs `mhv [a-\n-anw Zqc-bm-{X-bn-em-
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
sW-n Fp-sIm-hpw ]Tn-mt\m Ion
km-Zn-p--Xnt\m hntZ-i-bm-{X-bn-em-sW-
n Bdp-sIm--hpw ]Ww km-Zn-mt\m
atm \mSp hnn-cn-p-s-n aqp-sImw
hscbpw Imn-cp tijw \ntbmKw sNbvXv
km-\-e_v[n t\Sm-hp--Xm-Wv. `mhp
aSn hcp-tm \nbp--]-Xn-bpsS _w
ths]-Spw.
2. Cs\ ]pcp-j - m-cpsS Imcy-nepw \nb-
a-ap-v. hnhmlw Ignv Fp sImw hsc
K`w [cn-m hysb Fm-as hj-
hpw `mcy {]k-hn-p km-\--sfmw acn-
p-t]m-Ip ]w Ahsf ]mw sIm-n-
epw s]Ip-n-Isf am{Xw {]k-hn-p--hsf
]Xn-s\mmw hj-hpw A{]nbw ]d-bp--hsf
DS-s\-X-sbpw ]cn-Xy-Pnv thsdmcp kv{Xo
tbm-Sp-IqSn \ntbmKw sNbvXv, km-\-sf
t\Sm-hp--Xm-Wv. CXp-t]mse Xs kv{Xo
Ifpw `m--m AXncp Ihnv D]-{Z-hn-
p--h-cm-sW-n Ahsc Dt]-n-v, A\y-
]p-cp-j-m-tcm-Sp-IqSn \ntbmKw sNbvXv km-
\-sf t\Sn Ahsc `m-hns, kz-n-\-
h-Im-in-I-fm--Ww.
C- s \- b p {]am- W - , bpn- I
Fn-h-b-\p-k-cnv kzbw-hc coXn-bn hnhm-
lhpw \ntbm-Khpw sNbvXv hwi-h\ sN-
Ww. Huc-k] - p-{X-m (`m-hn \np-mb
a) ]nXm-hns kzn\v Ah-Im-in-I-fm-
Ip--Xp-t]mse t{X-P-m-cmb (\n-tbm-K-
m Dm-b) ]p{X-mcpw arX-]n-Xm-hns
Zmb-`m-K-n\v Ah-Im-in-I-fm-Ip-p.
hocy-cP- k
- p-I AXn-aq-ey-ap hkvXp-f - m-
sWv kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m a\-kn-em--Ww. Cu
aqey-h-kvXp-sf ]c-kv{Xo-I, thiy-I,
ZpjvS-]p-cp-j-m Fn-h-cpsS kwkK-m
Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNp--h aqV Xs. henb
hnh-c-an-m Irjn-m t]mepw A\y-cpsS
hb-en hnp hnXbv-p-n-. kzw hb-
entem tXm-ntem am{Xta hnX-bvq. CXp
{]Xyam-bn-cn-t, AXn-{]-[m-\-amb a\p-jy-
i-co-c-ns _oPs A\l-amb t{X-
n sImsdn-bp--h alm-aq-V-\m-Wv.
Fs-m AXns ^ew hnX-bvph\p
Inp-n-. ""Bflm ssh PmbtX ]p{Xx''
87
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Ft{X {_m-W- ]d-bp--Xv.
AwKm-Zw-KmXv kw-`-hmkn lrZ-bm-Z-[n- Pm-
btk. Bflmkn ]p{X am arYmx k Poh
ic-Zx- i-Xav.. 35 (CXp kma-thZ {_m-W-h-
N-\-am-Wv)
tl ]p{X! \o Fs Fm AwK--fn
\npw Dmb hocy-n \npw lrZ-b - n
\np-amWv P\n-X - v. \o Fs Bflmhp Xs.
Rm acn-p--Xn\p apv \o acn--cp-Xv. \o
\qdp hjw Pohn-n-cn-p-I. al-p-fpw alm-
i-b-m-cp-am-b-h-cpsS ico-c-n\p \nZm-\-amb
hocyw thiymZn ZpjvS-cn hnX-bvp--Xpw
ZpjvS-_o-Ps \ ]m{X--fn hnX-bvp-
Xpw A]-I-S-I-c-a-t{X.
tNm: FmWv hnhmlw? IjvS-s-Sm\pw
_-\ - n AI-sp ZpxJn-m-\ptam? ]c-
kv]c t{]a-ap--h Hcp-an-n-cn--s. t{]aw
Cm-Xm-bm th]n-cn-b-s. CXt icn?
D: Pp--fpsS kz`m-h-am-Wn-Xv. a\p-jy-cp-
tS-X-. hnhm-l\nbaw Cs-n Krl-m-
{i-a-nse \ {]hr-n-I-sfmw \in-p-t]m-
Ipw. hr-msc ip{iq-jn-m-\m-fn-m-Xm-Ipw.
hy`n-Nmcw hn-pw. tcmKn-Ifpw _e-lo-\-
cpw Aev]m-bp-kp-I-fp-ambn a\p-jy thKw acn-
pw. Xd-hm-Sp-I apSnbpw Bpw Bscbpw
`b-an-m-Xm-Ipw. e Bp-ap-m-hn-. kz-
h-Im-ihpw `mKm-h-Im-ihpw Cm-Xm-Ipw hkvXp-
-fn-t kzm-h-Imiw Cm-Xm-Ipw. CXn\v
DNn-X-amb ]cn-lmcw hnhmlw Xs.
tNm: hnhm-l-n GI ]Xv\o-{h-Xhpw
GI-`r-hy-h--bp-a-t-bpq? Atm
kv{Xo K`n-Wntbm nc-tcm-Kn-Wntbm Bhp-
Ibpw AYhm ]pcp-j nc-tcm-Kn-bm-hp-
Itbm sNbvXm, Ccp-hcpw buh-\-bp--
sc-n {_-N-cy-kw-c-Ww Ccp-hp-a-
km-y-am-Ipw. Atm Ah-scp sNWw?
D: CXn-\p-cw \ntbm-K{- ]-Ic
- W
-
- n-ep-v.
K`n- W n- b mb `mcy- t bmSv Hcm- p- I mew
kwtbmKw hn ]pcp-j\pw tcmKn-bmb
35 Bflm ssh ]p{X-\m-akn F iX-]-Y-h-N-\hpw
(4.9. 4.26) \ncpw(3.4 Dr-Xw) hN-\hpw
Xn Xmc-Xayw sNp-I.
36 OmtmKyw a{-{_m-Ww 1.5.17 s
]qhmhpw 18s D-cmhpw
kam-h\w, hnhm-lw, Krl-m-{i-a-hn[n
]pcp- j s `mcybv pw {_- N - c y- ] m- e \w
Akm-y-sa-n ap kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-tcmSv
\ntbmKw sNbvXv Ahv km-\-e_v[n
ssIh-cp--Ww. AmsX thiym-kw-kKtam
hy`n-Nm-ctam ]mSn--X-s.
ssIh-i-an-m hkvXp- km-Zn-p-
hm {ian-p-I, Inn-bXp cn-p-I, cn-
Xp hn-n-p-I, hn-n [\w apgp-h\pw
\mSns \-bvmbn sNe-h-gn-pI Fn-h-
sbmw Ign- h - \ p- k - c nv sN- W w. kzw
hWm-{i-a-[s ]qthm--amb coXn-
bn AXn-{i--tbmsS a\-kpw ]W-hpw ico-
chpw D]-tbm-Knv A\p-jvTn--Ww. Ah-\-h-
sbpw Pohn-X-]-m-fnbpsSbpw amXm-]n-Xm--
msc At-bw ip{iq-jn--Ww. kplr-p-
, Ab]- - m, `c- W m- [ n- I m- c n- I ,
hnZzm-m, sshZy-m, kp- Fn-h-tcm-
sSmw kvt\l-]qw s]cp-am-d-Ww. ZpjvScpw
A[a-\n-c-X-cp-am-b-h-cpsS t\sc DZm-ko-\-cmbn
tZzj-`mhw Ifv Ahsc \m-p-hm {ian-
-Ww. Ign-hp-{X ]Ww apSn km-\ - sf
kvt\l-]qw ]Tn-nv, Ahsc inn-Xcpw
]qW-hn-Zzm-m-cp-am--Ww. [am-\p-kr-X-Ia-
A\p-jvTnv tamtm-]m-b-sf t\Sn-h-
bvp-Ibpw thWw. tam-{]m-]vXn-bmbmte
]c-am-\w A\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bq. C\n Fgp-
Xp Xcw tmI-sf AwKo-I-cn--cp-Xv.
1. ]Xn-tXm f ]n ZznPx t{ijvtTm \ N iqt{Zm
PntX-{nbx. \ncvZpKvm Nm]n Kux ]qPym \
N ZpKv-hXo Jco..
2. Aizm-ew`w Khm-ew`w kw\ymkw ]e
ss]{XnIw. tZh-cm kptXm-Xv]nw Ieu
] hnhcvP-tbXv..
3. \jv t S artX {]{h- P ntX oth N
]XntX ]Xu. ]-kzm-]p \mcoWmw ]Xn-
ct\ym hn[o-btX..
Ch ]cmics t]cn \nan I tmI-
-fm-Wv. Zpcm-Nm-cn-bmb {_m-W t{ijvT-
\pw kZm-Nm-cn-bmb iq{Z \oN-\p-ambn F-
s-Sp ]w AXn-tesd henb ]-]m-X-
hpw A\ym-bhpw A[ahpw FmWv?
1. ""]m Xcp-p-s-nepw Cs-nepw CS-
b ]ip-hns\ cn--W-san Ipi-hcpw
apw Igp-Xsb Fp-sImp cn--W-sa-
88
 \memw kap-mkw
n? IqSmsX Cu DZm-l-cWw Xs icn-b-
. Fs-m, {_m-W\pw iq{Z\pw a\p-
jy-Pm-Xn-bn s]Sp-p. ]iphpw Igp-Xbpw `n-
Pm-Xn-I-fm-Wv. Ah cpw arK-Pm-Xn-bn s]-
Xm-sWp ]dv DZm-l-c-W-ns {]IrX
s Hcp hn[w {]Ir-X-n\p tbmPn-n-m-sa-
nepw Bi-b-n\p tN-bn-m-bvI-bm Cu
tmIw Hcn-epw {]amWa-.
2. Aizm-ew-`-\-sap ]dv IpXn-csb
sImp tlman-p-I, Khm-ew-`\-sa t]cn-
-]-ip-hns\ sImp tlman-p-I Fn-
hbv p thZ- n hn[n- t b- b n- . Atm
Ahsb Ien-bp-K-n \ntj-[n-p-Xp thZ-
hn-cp-a- t? Cu \oN-Ia-n\v Ien-bp-K
\ntj-[-ap-sp Icp-Xp ]w t{XXmZn-
bp-K--fn AXn\p hn[n-bp-m-bn-cp-s-m-
Wtm hp IqSp-I. Acw ZpjvIa-
""t{ijvT-bpK''n Dm-Ip-Xv Akw-`-hy-
am-Wv. kw\ym-k-n\v thZm-Zn-im-kv{X--fn
hn[n-bp-v. AXns\ \ntj-[n-p-hm {]am-W-
sam-p-an-. amwkm-lmcw \njn--am-sW-n
AXv Fpw \njnw Xs-bmWv tZhc-cn
\nv ]pt{Xm]m-Z\w thZm-\p-a-Xn-bp--Xm
Ibm tmI-ap-m-n-b-h Nne-np Imcy-
an.
3. `mhp \jvS-\m-bn-cn-p-tm--hn-tZ-
i-hm-k - n-em-sW-n `mcy asm-cmsf `m-
hmbn hcn-p-Ibpw Atm hnhmlw sNbvX
`mhp aSn hcn-Ibpw sNbvXm Ah
BcpsS `mcy-bm-bn-cnpw? hnhmlw sNbvX
]Xn- b psS ]Xv \ n- b m- b n- c n- p- s a Dcw
\appw kzoImcyw Xs. Fm As\
Hcp hyh ]cm-i-c-kvar-Xn-bn ImWp-n-
. kv{XoIp-m-Im-hp B]m-e
At Dtm? `mhp tcmKn-bm-hp-I, `mcym-
`m--mp Xn hntcm-[-ap-m-hp-I,
XpS-nb B]-p-I An-e[ - n-Ia
\m Ccw tmI-sf {]am-W-ambn KWn-
p-Xp icn-b.
tNm: sImm-atm tl, \n ]cm-i-c-
a-ljn-bpsS hmn-\p-t]mepw hne Iev]n-
p-nt?
D: BcpsS hN-\-am-bmepw thZ-hn-cp--am-b-
Xp-sImv hne-sh-p-n. CXp ]cm-i-cs
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
hN- \ - h p- a - . Fs- m ""{_tm- h m- N ,
hknjv T Dhm- N , cma DhmN inh Dhm- N ,
hnjvWp-cp-hm-N, tZhyp-hmN'' Fpw apw Nne
{K- Na-bvp-Xv Ahsb temI kzoI-
cn-p-sapw Xn-anw [mcmfw ]Ww km-
Zn-m-sapw IcpXn am{X-am-Wv. Cs\ AY-
an-m tmI--sf-gp-Xn-tp-p, C-s\-
Iq-n-t tmI--sfm-gn-hm-n-bm thZm-
\p-kr-X-am-bXv a\pkvar-Xn-bm-Wv. ap kar-Xn-
I thZm-\p-kr-X-a-. ap hymP {K-fp
sSbpw nXn CXp Xs-bm-sWp a\-n-
em--Ww.
tNm: Krl-m-{iaw am-{i-a--tf-m
- n sNdptXm heptXm?
D: AXm-Xns Ihy Ia- t\mn-
bm Hmtcmpw t{ijvT-am-Wv. Fm:
bYm \Zo-\Zmx kcvth kmKtc bmn
kwn-Xav. XssYhm{ianWx kcvth Krl
t bmn kwn-Xav.. (a-\pkvarXn 6.90)
bYm hmbpw kam-{inXy hcvXt kcvh-
Phx. XYm Krl--am-{inXy hcvXt
kh B{iamx..
bkvamXv{Xtbm f ]ym{i-antWm Zmt\-\m-
t\ Nm\zlw. Krl-t-ss\h [mcyt
Xkvam-tPy-jvTm-{itam Krlo.
k kmcyx {]b-Xvt\\ kzcvK-a-b
anXm. kpJw tNtl-Xm \nXyw tbm f
[mtcym Zpcv_te{nssbx.. (a-\pkvarXn 3.77-
79)
-k-ap-{Z-n hogpwapv Ap-anpw Hgp-
Ip sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb \Zn-I kap-{Z-n-
se-p-t- Xm-Sp-IqSn nc-Xsb t\Sp-p. AXp-
- t]mse CXc B{i-a- Krl-m-{i-as
B{i-bnp ncX t\Sp-p. Krl-m-{i-a-an-
s-n am-{i-a--fp-an-.
- t? AXn- {_-Nm-cn, hm\-{]-, kw\ymkn Fo
aqm- { i- a - - f n- e p- - h v Znh- k hpw `-
Whpw apw \In \ne-\np-Xv Krl--
\m-I-bm Krl-m-{iaw tPyjvTm-{i-a-am-Wv.
Fm B{i-a--fnepw shv [pc--c-am-W-
sXp ]d-bp-p. sFln-I-kp-Jhpw tamhpw
Imwn-p--h Fp-sNbvXpw Krl-m-{i-
as \ne-\n-Ww. Zp_-te-{n-bpw
89
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw hm\-{]- - -k-\ym-k-hn[n
`ocp-pw _e-lo-\pw \ne-\np-hm
km[n-m Krl-m-{i-as `wKn-bmbn
kwc-n--Ww. Fm euInI hrn-I-fp-
sSbpw B{ibw Krl-m-{i-a-am-Wv. Krl-m-
{i-a-an-s-n km-\--fp-m-hn-. Atm
{_-N-cyw, hm\-{]-w, kw\ymkw Fo
B{i-a- F-s\-bp-mIpw? Krl-m-{i-
as \nn-ph \ny-\pw AXns\ {]iw-
kn-p--h {]iw-k-\o-b-\p-am-Wv. Fm
kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m Ccp-hpw Hcp t]mse ]c-
kv]-c-t{]aw, ]Tn-v, ]cn-{i-a-ioew, Fm {]hr-
n-If - nepw Adnhv Fn-hb - p-m-bm am{Xta
Krl-m-{iaw kpJ-{]-Z-am-hp-I-bp-q. Krl-
m-{i-a-ku-Jy-n\p apJy-Im-c-Ww, {_-N-
cyhpw apsNm kzbw-h-c-k-{-Zm-b-n-ep
hnhm-l-hp-am-Wv.
kam-h-\w, hnhm-lw, Krlm-{iaw
Fo hnj-b--sf-n Cu kapm-k-n
C{Xbpw Npcp-n--d-p. ASp--Xn hm\-
{]-w, kw\ymkw Fn-h-sb-n Fgp-Xmw.

{ioa-Zv Zbm-\ kc-kzXn kzman-I-fm

hnc-Nn-X-amb kXymY-{]-Im-i-n
kam-h-\hnhml-Kr-l-m-{i-a
-hn-[n-I {]Xn-]m-Zn-p
\memw kap-mkw Ign-p.

90
 Amw kap-mkw
5
Amw kap-mkw
hm\-{]---kw\ym-k-hn[n
AY hm\-{]---kw\ym-k-hn[nw hymax
{_-N-cym-{iaw kam]y Krlo-`-thXv Krlo
`qXzm h\o `th-Zz-\o-`qXzm {]{h-tPXv (i-X.
14) {_-N-cym-{iaw Ignv Krl-m-{iaw
ssIsmv ]noSv hm\-{]-m-{iaw kzoI-
cn-p-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw kw\ykn-p-Ibpw
sNp-Xv Fm-hpw DNn-X-am-Wv. CXmWv
B{i-a-hn-[n.
1. Ghw Krlm-{ita nXzm hn[n-h-
kvv\m-X-tIm-ZznPx, ht\ htkp \nbtXm
bYm-hZzn-Pn-tX-{nbx
2. Krl--kvXp bZm ]tiy-Zz-eo-]-en-X-am-
fl\x. A]-Xy-sskyh Nm]Xyw XZm-cWyw
kam-{i-tbXv.
3. kwXyPy {Kmay-am-lmcw kcvhw ssNh
]cn-Zvav, ]pt{Xjp `mcymw \nxn]y h\w
Ktsslh hm.
4. An-tlm{Xw kam-Zmb Krlyw Nmn-
]-cn-O-Zav, {Kmam-Z-cWyw \nx krXy \nh-tk-
n-b-tX-{nbx.
5. ap\-y-sscvhn hnss[cvtassyx imI-
aqe-^t- e\ hm FXm-t\h alm-b - m-ncvh-
t]-Zzn-[n-]qcvh-Iav. (a-\p. 6. 15)
1. Cs\ kv\mX-I-cmb ZznP-m {_-
Ncyw A\p- j v T np kam- h \w sNbv X
{_m-W--{Xnb sshiy--Kr-l-m-{iaw
Ignv Bfl-\n-b-{Ww C{n-b-Pbw Fn-
h-tbmSp IqSn h\-n hkn--Ww.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
2. Xs Xe-apSn \c-spw Pc-h-s-pw
]u{X-\p-m-sbpw Im Krl- h\-
n t]mbn ]m-Ww.
3. {Kmao-Wm-lm-cw, hkv{X-, D]-I-c-W-
apX-emb hne-]n-Sn-phIsf XyPn-v,
]Xv\nsb ]p{Xs kwc--W-bn-emn Imn-
tep ]pd-s-S-Ww. `mcysb Iqn-sm-p-t]m-
hp-Ibpw sNmw.
4. An-tlm-{X-n-\p Fm D]-I-c-W-
fp-sa-Spv \mSp-hnp Imnt]mbn C{nb \n{K-
l-tmSp IqSn AhnsS ]m-Ww.
5. Nma apX-emb [m\y-, Ce-hK-,
Ing-p-I, ImbvI-\n-I, ]pjv]- Fn-
h-I-fm apsNm ]-a-lm-b---f-\p-
jv T n- - W w. Ah- s Im- p- X s AXn- Y n-
km-c-hpw Atlm-hr-nbpw Ign--Ww.
1. kzm[ymtb \nXy-bpx kymmtm
ssa{Xx kam-lnXx; ZmXm \nXy-a-\m-ZmXm
kcvh-`q-Xm-\p-I-I.
2. A{]-bXv\x kpJmcvtjp {_-Nmco
[cm-ibx, ic-tW-jz-a-a-ssiv-Nh hr-aq-e-
\n-tI-X\x (a-\p. 6.8.19)
1. ]Tn-p--Xnepw ]Tn-n-p--Xnepw kZm-
{i-m-]qw, Bfl-Pbw t\Sn, kh-an-{Xhpw
C{n-b-tP-Xm-hpw, hnZym-Zm-Xmhpw Zbm-ephpw
A\ys bmsXmpw kzoI-cn-m--h-\p-ambn
hmg-Ww.
91
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
2. ico-c-kp-J-n-\mbn hfsc Azm-\n-
msX {_- N m- c n- b m- b n- - ` mcy Hcp- a n- p-
snepw hnj-b-kpJw A\p-`-hn-m-sX \ne-
p- I n- S - p- d - p- I bpw B{in- X - c p- t StXm
kztam Bb Hnepw aa-X-bn-msX ac-p-
h-n ]mp-Ibpw thWw.
X]x-{it tb lyp]-h-k-y-ctWy
imm hnZzmwtkm ss`-Ncymw Ncx.
kqcy-Zzm-tcW tX hncPmx {]bmn
b{Xmf-arXx k ]pcptjm lyhy-bm-flm.
(ap-WvU. D. 2. 11)
X]p sNbvXpw [a-a\ - p-jvTnpw kXys
k{iw cnpw `nm--m \nXy-hrn
Ignpw im-Nn-cpw hnZzm-m-cp-am-b-h h\-
n hknv \nXy-\pw em`-tN-X-c-ln-X-\pw
]qW-]p-cp-j-\p-amb ]c-am-flm-hns\ \na-e-cm-
bn, {]mW-\n-eqsS {]m]n-v, ]c-am-\--a-\p-`-hn-
p--h-cmbn `hn-p-p.
A`ym -Z-[man kan-[-at {hX-]tX Xzbnw
{hXwN {imw tNmss]- a ot Xzm
ZontXmAlav (b-Pp. 20. 24)
""An-tlm{Xw sNbvXp Zon-X\ - mbn Rm
{hXw kXym- N - c Ww {i Fn- h sb
{]m]npw'' Fn-s\ k-ev]n-p-sImv
hm\-{]-m-{iaw kzoI-cn-W - w. hnhn-[X - ]-
- p-
I-fmepw kXv-kw-Kw, tbmKm`ymkw Nn-ipn
Fn-h-bmepw \na-em\w km-Zn--Ww.
kw\y-kn-p-hm C-bp-m-Ip-tm `mcysb
]p{X-mcpsS ASp--te--b-nv kw\y-kn--
Ww. Npcp--n CXmWv hm\-{]-m-{i-a-
hn[n.
AY kw\ymk-hn[nx
ht\jp N hnlr-ssXyhw XrXobw `mK-
am-bpjx NXpcvY-am-bptjm `mKw Xyzm
kwKm ]cn-{h-tPXv (a-\p. 6. 33)
Bbp-kns aqm-as `mKw--A--Xp-ap-
X Fgp-]--p- hb-kp-hsc hm\-{]--
\m-bn-cp tijw Bbp-kns \mem-as `mK-
n kh- k w- K - - t fbpw ]cn- X y- P n- v ,
kw\ym-kn-bm-I-Ww.
tNm:- Krl-hpw hm\-{]-hpw kzoI-
cn-msX kw\ym-km-{iaw kzoI-cn-p-Xp
]m]-amtWm?
hm\-{]- - -k-\ym-k-hn[n
D:- BsWpw Aspw hcmw.
tNm:- cp-hn-[-n ]d-bp--sX-s\?
D:- cp hn[-n ]d--X-. _mey-Im-
ep hnc--\mb tijw hnj-b-kp-J--fn
AI-s-Sp--h alm-]m-]nbpw AI-s-Sm-Xn-
cn-ph alm ]pWy-hm-\mb kXv]p-cp-j-
\p-am-Wv. ""bZ-l-tch hnc-tP--Z-l-tch {]{h-
tPXv h\m-Zzm,-Kr-lmZzm {_-N-cym-tZh {]{h-
tPXv.'' 1CXp {_m-W-h-N-\-am-Wv. hncn
Dm-Ip-tm Xs, Krlm-{i-a-n
\ntm, hm\-{]--n \ntm, kw\ymkw
kzoI-cnp sIm-Ww. app ]d kw\ym-
k-{I-a-n A`n-{]m-b-t`-Z-apv:-hm\-{]w
kzoI-cn-X - n\p tijw kw\y-kn-W - s
- av Hcp-
]w; hm\-{]w ssIsm-f-fmsX Krl-
m-{i-a - n \np-Xs kw\y-kn-m-sap
asmcp ]w, ]qW sshZpjyw km-Zn--
h\pw, hnj-b-kp-J-n CNvObn-m--h\pw,
]tcm-]-Imc Xev]-c-\p-amb ]qcq-j\v {_-N-
cym-{i-a-n \np-Xs kw\ymkw kzoI-
cn- m- s ap aqmw ]w. thZ- - f nepw
""bXbx {_m-Wky hnPm-\Xx"" Fp XpS-
nb ]Z-sfsmv kw\ymkw hn[n-n-p-
v. Fnepw:-
\mhn-ctXm ZpivNcn-Xm-m-imtm \mk-am-
lnXx. \mim--am-\tkm hm]n {]Pv-Rm-t\-
ss\-\-am-]v\p-bm-Xv. (IT. D. 2. 33.)
Zpcm-Nm-cn-bpw im-kz-`m-h-an-m--h-\pw -
tbm- K - k n- n- b n- m- - h - \ pw im- N n- -
\mh\pambh kw\y-kn-mepw {]m-
\m ]c- a m- fl m- h ns\ {]m]n- p- - X - .
AXn-\m :-
bNvtOZzm-Mva-\ko {]m kvXZyNvtOZv
m\- B - fl \o m\- a m- fl \n alXn
\obNvtO-ZyNvtO NvOm-B-fl-\o.(-I-T.-
D.3.13)
_pn- a m- \ mb kw\ymkn hmv , - a - \ kv
Fnhsb A[-n \n-In m\-
nepw Bflm-hnepw Dd-n-Ww. ]ns B
m\-tbpw Bflm-hn-t\bpw Cuiz-c-\n
1 Pm_m-tem-]\ - n-jv 4mw JWvU
- n
]mT-n\p {Ia-t`-Z-tmsS Cu hN\w ImWmw.
* EtKzZw 8.6.18
92
 Amw kap-mkw
Dd- np \np- I bpw B hnm\s
im- k zcq- ] - a mb Bflm- h n nc- a mbn
{]XnjvTnp-Ibpw sN-Ww.
]co-y-temIm Icva-Nn-Xm {_m
tWm \nth-Z-am-bm-m-kvXy-IrXx IrtX\
XZznm-\mcvYw k Kpcp-ta-hm-`n-KNvtOXv
kan-Xv]mWnx t{im{Xnbw {_-\n-jvTav (ap.-
D.1.2.12)
euInI kpJ- - s fmw Iaw sImp
km-Zn--Xm-sW--dnv {_m-W--kw-\ym-
kn--hnc--\m-I-Ww. AIr-X-amb (Ian
\np- m- b - X - m- ) Cuiz- c s\ Iaw
sImp am{Xw {]m]n-pI km[y-a-. AXn-
\m Kpcp-hn-\n-p-hm Aev]-sa-s-n-ep-
am-bn,-hn-Zym-k---\pw -ssZ-h-\p-amb Kpcp-
hns ASpv m\w kmZnphm t]mI-
Ww. AhnsSsv kI-e-kw-i-b-pw
\nhrn hcp- - W w. Fm Hcp\mfpw
kwkKw sN-cp-Xm--h-sc-n ]dbmw:
1. Ahn-Zy-bm-a-tc hcv-am\mx
kzbw [ocmx ]WvUn-X--\y-am\mx
PMvL-\y-am\x ]cn-bn aqVm
At-ss\h \nb-am\m bYm-mx.
2. Ahn-Zymbmw _lp[m hcva - m\m hbav
IrXmYm CXy-`n-a-\y-n-_memx
bXvIcvantWm \ {]th-Z-bn cmKmXv
tX\m-Xp-cmx- o-W-tem-Im-y-h-t.
(-ap.D.1.2.8,9)
1.- A - m- \ - n can- v , - k zbw [occpw
]Wv U n- X - c p- a mbn Na- v - A - ` n- a m- \ n-- p
aqVm- A- t [m- K - X nsb {]m]n- p- p.
Aam \bn-p- -Aam-sc-tmse
Ahsc ]np-S-cp--h At\-I-Zpx-J- A\p-
`-hn-p-p.
2. Ahn- Z y- b n- _lp- h n- t [\ hnl- c nv
IrXm-c m-s Wv kzbw A`n-am-\n- p
_me-_p-n-Ip m\-ap-m-Ip-hm Ia-
Im-WvUm-\p-bm-bn-Ifpw cmK-m tamln-X-cp-
am- b - h p km[ya- . AXn- \ m Ah 2
BXp-c-cmbn P\-\-a-c-W-Zpx-J-n hoWp-g-ep-
p. AXn-\m:
2 kzKm-Zn-I-fn-nv bw apX-emb
kIm-a-Iam-\p-jvTm-\--fn
BXp-c-cm-b-h-sc-Yw.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
thZm--hn-m-\-kp-\n-n-XmcvYmx
kw\ym-k-tbm-Km-ZyXbx ip-kXzm
tX {_-tem-tIjp ]cm--Imte
]cm-arXx ]cn-ap-Nyn kcvth
(ap-WvU. D. 2.6)
thZm--n Cuizc {]Xn-]m-Zn-X-amb
thZ-a-{--fp-sS--A-m\w sImpw
BNmcw sImpw kpZr-V-amb kw\ym-k-tbm-
K-m Nn-ip-n-bp-mb kw\ym-kn-am ]c-
am-flm-hn tam-kpJw {]m]n-v, B\--a-\p-
`-hn--Xn-\p-ti-jw, tam-kp-J-ns Ah[n
]qW-am-Ip-tm hopw kwkm-c-_--
n Fp-p. tamw sIm-msX asm-
n-\mepw ZpxJw \in-p-I-bn-. Fs-m:
\ ssh kicocky kXx {]nbm-{]n-b-tbm-
c-]-l-Xn-ckvXy icocw hmh-kw \ {]nbm-
{]ntb kv]riXx (Om-tm-Kyw) 3
tZl-[m-cnv kpJ-Zpx-J--fn \np thdn-
n-cn-m km[y-a-. ico-c-c-ln-X-\mb Pohm-
flmhp tam-n kh-hym-]n-bmb kth-
iz-c-t\m-Sp-IqSn ip-\mbn hkn-p--Xn-\m
kmwkmcnI kpJ-Zpx-J- AXns\ kv]in-
p-I-bn-. AXn-\m:
]pss{X-j-Wm-bm hnss-j-Wm-bm
temssIjWmbm hypm- b m- Y `n- m-
Ncyw Nc-n. 4 (i-X-]Yw 14)
temI- _ - l p- a m\hpw em`- h pw [\w
sImp kpJ-hpw am\y-Xb - pw ]p{Xm-Zn-If
- n
tamlw CXymZn shSnv kw\ymknam `np-
-fmbn cm]-I tam-km-[-\-bn XXv]-c-
cm-bn-cn-p-p.
{]mPm-]Xymw \ncq-t]yjvSow Xkymw kcv-
h-thZ kwlpXzm {_mWx {]{h-tPXv (b-
PpthZ{_m-Ww) 5
{]Pm-]Xymw \ncq-t]yjvSow kcvh-th-Z-k-Z-
nWmw; Bfl- \ y- ok- a m- t cm- ] y- { _m-
lvaWx {]{h-tPZv KrlmXv
3 Omtm D 8.12.1
4 iX-]Yw 14. 6. 4.1
5 \ymb-kq-{X-f
- psS hmym-b\ `mjy (4, 161-62)-n
CXv {]Pm-]-Xym-anjvSnw \ncq]y Xkymw kcvh-th-Zkw
lpXm Bflm\y \oK kam-tcm]y {_mWx {]{h-
tPXv Fv Dr-Xa - m-Wv.
93
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
tbm ZXzmkcvh-`q-tX`yx {]{h-P-Xy-`bw
KrlmXv Xky tXtPm-abm temIm-`-hn
{_-hm-Zn\x (a-\p. 6.38.39)
{]Pm-]-Xn-sb Cuiz-cs\ {]m]n-p-hm
b-a-\p-jvTnv B b-n ]qWq;
inJ apX- e mb Nn- - s fmw Dt]- n- v ,
Bl- h - \ obw XpS- nb Av An- I sf
{]mW, A]m-\, hym\, DZm-\, kam-\
Fo Av {]mW- - f n Btcm- ] Ww
sNbvXv {_-m-\n-bmb {_m-W hoSp-
sh-Snv kw\ym-kn-bm-I-Ww.
kIe {]mWn-Ipw A`bw \In hoSp-
sh-Snv kw\y-kn-p {_-hm-Zn-v--Cu-iz-
c-{]-Im-in-X-amb thZ-n ]d-n-cn-p
[amZn hnZy-I-fp-]-tZ-in-p kw\ym-kn-v--
{]-Im-ia- b
- a
- mb AXm-bXv tamm-\ - c
- q-]n-bmb
temIw e`n-p-p.
tNm: kw\ym-kn-bpsS [w FmWv?
D: ]-]m-X-c-ln-X-amb \ymbm-N-c-Ww,
kXy-{K-l-Ww, Ak-Xy-Xym-Kw, thtZm--amb
Cuiz-cmsb A\pkcnp-I, ]tcm-]-Imcw
sNpI kXyw ]d-bp-I, Fn-h-sb-mw, CXc
B{i-a--fn-ep--hpw, a\p-jyp s]mXp-
shbpw hn[n- n- c n- p- s - nepw kw\ym- k n-
amv hntij hn[n-bmb [a- ]d-bmw.
1. ZpjvSn-]qXw \ytk-Xv]mZw hkv{X-]qXw
Pew ]nt_X.v kXy-]qXmw htZ-ZzmNw a\x-
]q-Xw-k-am-N-tc-Xv.
2. {Ipyw \ {]Xn {Ipt[yZm {IpjvSx
Ipiew htZXv. k]vX-Zzm-cm-h-IocvWmw N \
hmN-a-\rXmw htZ-Xv.
3. A[ym-fl-c-Xn-cm-kot\m \nc-t]tm
\ncm- a njx. Bfl- s s\h klm- t b\
kpJmcvYo hnN-tc-Zn-l.
4. r]vX-tI-i-\-J-iva-{ipx ]m{Xo-ZWvUo
Ipkpw- ` - h m. hnN- t c- n- b tXm \nXyw
kcvh`q-Xm\y ]oU-b.
5. C{nbm-Wmw \ntcm-t[\ cmK-tZz-j--
tbW N. Alnw-kbm N `qXm-\m-a-ar-X-Xzmb
Iev]tX.
6. ZqjntXmf]n Ntccvaw b{X X{Xm-{ita
cXx. kax kcvthjp `qtXjp \ enwKw [cva-
hm\-{]- - -k-\ym-k-hn[n
Im-c-Wav.
7. ^ew IX-I-hr-ky bZy]yw_q-{]-km-
Z-Iav. \ \ma-{K-l-Wm-tZh Xky hmcn {]ko-
Z-Xn.
8. {]mWm-bmam {_m-W-ky -{X-tbmf]n
hn[n-h-XvIrXmx. hymlrXn {]W-ssh-cyp-m
hntbw ]caw X]x.
9. Zlyt [vamb-am-\m\w [mXq\mw ln
bYm aemx. XtY-{n-bmWmw Zlyt tZmjmx
{]mWky \n{K-lmXv.
10. {]mWm-bm-ssacvZ-tl-tm-jm [mc-Wm-
`n Inev_njav. {]Xym-lm-tcW kwkcvKm
[ymt\-\m-\o-iz-cm KpWm.
11. Dm-htNjp `qtXjp Zpcvt-bm-a-Ir-
Xm-fl`nx. [ym\-tbm-tK\ kw]-tiyZv KXn-a-
kym--cm-fl\x.
12. Alnw-kt- b-{n-bm-kM
- vssKcvssh-Zn-ssI-
ssh Icva`nx. X]-k--c-ssW-tm-ss{K-
km-[-b-o-l -XXv]Z-av.
13. bZm `mth\ `hXn kcv h - ` m- t hjp
\nkv]rlx. XZm kpJ-a-hm-]vt\mXn t{]Xy
tNl N imiz-Xav.
14. NXpcv`n-c]n ssNh-ssXcv\n-Xy-am-{i-an-
`ncvZznssPx. Zi-e--WtIm [cvax tkhn-
Xhyx {]b-Xv\Xx
15. [rXnx am Ztamf-kvtXbw iuN-an-
{n-b-\n-{Klx. [ohn-Zym- k-Xy-a-t{Imt[m
ZiIw [cva e-W-av.
16. At\\ hn[n\m kcvhmw kvXyzm-
kw- K mRv O ss\x iss\x. kcv h - Z z- z- h n-
\ncvaptm {_tWyhm-h-Xn-jvTtX (a-\p.
6) 6
1. kw\ymkn hgn-bn IqSn \S-p-tm
Ap-anpw t\mmsX Xmsg t\mn \S-
-Ww. kZm app sImv Acn shw IpSn-
-Ww. kZm kXyw kwkm-cn--Ww. CS-hn-
SmsX a\-\wsNbvXv kXys {Klnv Ak-
Xys XyPn--Ww.
2. A\y- t cmSp kwkm- c n- p- t mtgm
A\yp-]-tZiw \Ip-tmtgm Bsc-nepw
6 a\p. 6mw A[ymbw 46, 48, 49, 52, 60, 66, 67, 70,
73, 75, 80, 91, 92, 81 Fo-{I-a-n tmI-
94
 Amw kap-mkw
tIm]n-p-Itbm \nn-p-Itbm sNbvXm
kw\ymkn Ah-tcmSp tIm]n-msX Ahp
t{ib-p-m-I - D]-tZiw \IpI am{Xta
sNm-hq. hmbv, cp \mkm-Zzm-c-, cp
Ip-I, cp sNhn-I Fn-s\ Ggp
Zzmc--fn-eqsS hym]n-p hmns\ Hcn-
epw anYy-bm-sb--cp-Xv.
3. Xnepw ]c-am-flm-hnepw nc-ambn canv
B{K- l - shSn- v , aZy- a mw- k m- Z n- I
hnv Bflm-hns klm-b-m am{Xw
e`n-p kpJ-n A`n-e-jnv [aw, hnZy
Fn-h-bpsS A`n-hr-np tN D]-tZ-i-
\In-smv Cu temI-n k-cn-
-Ww.
4. \Jw apdn-v, apWvU\w sNbvXp Ia-WvU-
ephpw ZWvUpw ssIn-te-n, Imhn apnb
hkv{X-f - p-Sp-v, \nn-Xm-flm-hm-bn, Hcp Pohn-
sbbpw ]oUn-n-m-sX, kw\ymkn kh{X
k-cn--Ww.
5. C{n-b-sf A[a-n \n-In cmK-
tZz-j--fn-msX kI-e-Po-hn-I-tfmSpw sshcw
shSnv hn- v, tam- k - m- Z \
kmays hn-n--Ww.
6. GsX-nepw Hcp B{i-a--\mb ]pcp-
j--C-hnsS kw\ym-kn--B-sc-nepw Xs
Zpjn-p-Itbm kvXpXn-p-Itbm sNbvXmepw
kh-Po-hn-I-tfmSpw ]-]m-X-an-msX s]cp-
amdn kzbw [a-a-\p-jvTnv A\y-msc [am-
\p-jvTm-\-X]-c-cm--Ww. ZWvUv, Ia-WvU-ep,
Imjm-b-hkv{Xw apX-em-bh [cn--Xp-sImv
[a-ap-m-hp-I-bn-spw a\p-jypw CX-c-
Po- h n- I pw kXy- a p- ] - t Z- i npw hnZy
\Inbpw D-Xn-bp-m-p--XmWv kw\ym-
kn-bpsS {][m\ [a-sa-pw Adn-b-Ww.
7. tXm--c s]mSnp Ie--sh--n-en-
m shw sXfn-bpw. ]t AXp s]mSn-n-
SmsX tXm--c-sep ]d--Xp-sIm-tm
tI-Xp-sImtm Ie--shw sXfn-bp-I-bn-
. kvXpXn, am\w, A]-am-\w, em`w, \jvSw XpSn
8. AXn-\m, {_m-W--{_--m-\n-
bmb kw\ym-kn HmwIm-c-tmSpw k]vX-hym-
lr-Xn-I-tfmSpw IqSn hn[n-{]-Imcw bYm-in
{]mWm- b maw sN- W w. Hcn- epw aqp
{]mWm-bm-a-n Ipd-b-cp-Xv. CXp Xs-bmWv
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Hcp kw\ym-kn-bpsS ]c-a-amb X]-v.
9. Fs-m; Xobn Dcp-nb teml-
-fnse amen\yw \on-tm-Ip--Xp-t]mse
{]mW-\n-{Klm a\-kn-sebpw an-{n-b--
fn-sebpw tZmj- `kva-am-bn-tm-Ip-p.
10. AXn- \ m, kw\ym- k n- a m Znh- t k\
{]mWm-bm-a-m Bflm-hv, Ax-I-c-Ww,
C{n-b- Fn-h-bnse tZmj-, [mc-
W- b m ]m]- , {]Xym- l mcw sImp
kwkK-tZm-jw, [ym\w-sImv A\o-iz-c-Kp-W-
-fmb kpJ-Zpx-J-, Am\w XpS-nb
Pohm-flm-hns tZmj-sf `kva-am-n--f-b-
Ww.
11. hnZzm-mcpw tbmKn-If- p-a
- m-h
- v Ahn-
t-b-am-bXpw sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb kakvX
hkvXp--fn-ep-ap kth-iz-c-hym-]vXn-tbbpw
Pohm-flm-hn-sbpw A-cym-an-bmb kth-iz-
c-sbpw KXn-tbbpw [ym\w sImv Adn-b-
Ww.
12. Fm Pohn- I - t fmSpw sshc- a n- msX
hn-p-I, C{n-b-sf hnj-b--fn \nv
AI-p-I, thmtZm-I - ahpw AXyp{K--amb X]-
-cybpw Fn-h-bm Cu temI-n ap]-
d hn[-n-ep kw\ym-kn-amp am{Xta
tam- ] Zw {]m]n- p- h m\pw ap- - h v
AXns\ km-Znp sImSp-p-hm\pw km[n-p-
I-bp-q. ampw km[n-p-I-bn-.
13. kw\ymkn kIe `mh--fnepw \nxkv]r-
l-\m-bn-cpv _mlym-`y-chrn-I-sfmw
kZv`m-h\ - b
- m ]cn-ip-a- m-p-Ibpw sNbvXm
am{Xta Cl-nepw ]c-nepw \nc--c-kpJw
e`n-q.
14. AXp-sImv {_-Nm-cn, Krl-, hm\-
{]-, kw\ymkn Fn-h-scmw XpSp
]d- b p Zi- e - - W - b p- - a mb [as
k{iw A\p-jvTn--Ww.
15. Hm-as e-Ww ([r-Xnx) Fm-
bvt]mgpw ss[cyw thWw. cv (-am)-\n-,
ZpxJ--fn t]mepw kl-\-io-ew. aqv (Zaw)
a\-kns\ A[a-n \n-In kZm [a--
hr-n-bn hv. A[ta--t]mepw Cm-Xm-
p-I, \mev (A-kvtX-bw) Iw, Im]-Syw,
95
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
hnizm-k-h-\ apX-em-b-h-bmtem thZ-hn-cp--
amb D]-tZiw sImtm A\ys hkvXp-sf
A]- l - c n- p- Xp Nucy- s ap ]d- b p- p.
Nucys XyPn- p- - X mWv Akv t Xbw;
Av (iu-Nw) cmK-tZz-j- ]-]mXw
apX-emb at\m-tZm-j--fn \n-In B`y-
-c-amb ]cn-ip-n-bpw shw, av apX-em-b-
h-bm tXp-Ig- pIn _mly-]c - n-ip-nbpw km-
Zn-p-I. Bdv (C-{n-b-\n-{K-lw) C{n-b-sf
A[am-N-c-W-n \n-In [a-\n-c-X-am-
p-I. Ggv ([ox) amZ-I-{Z-hy-fpw _pn-\m-
i-I-amb el-cn-Ifpw ioen-p-I, ZpP-\-kw-
kKw, aSn, {]amZw apX- e mb tZmj-
XyPnv t{ijv T - h - k v X p- - f psS D]- t bm- K w,
k-\-kw-kw tbmKm-`ymkw Fn-h-bm
_pnsb hn-n-p-I, Fv (hn-Zym) ]rYnhn
apX kth-iz-ch-sc-bp ]Zm-f - psS
bYm-m\w t\Sn B m\s bYm-
tbmKyw D]- t bm- K n- p- I bpw kXys
ap\nn {]hn-p-Ibpw sNbvI, Bflm-
hn-te-Xp-t]mse a\-n-epw a\-n-t-Xp-t]mse
hmn-epw hmn-te-Xp-t]mse {]hr-n-bnepw
sNbvI CXmWv hnZy. CXn\p hn]-co-X-samw
Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv. HXv (k-Xyw) Hcp hkvXp
F- s \- b mtWm A- s \- X s AXns\
Adn-bp-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw {]hn-p-Ibpw
sNp-I. ]v (A-t{Im-[x) tZzjw apX-emb
tZmj--f-In imX apX-emb KpW-sf
kzoI-cn-p-I. Cs\ ]p e-W--fp
[as ]-]m-X-an-msX \ymb-ambn \mev
B{i- a - - f n- e p- - h cpw A\p- j v T n- - W w.
Fm Cu thtZm--[as kzbw A\p-
jvTn-p-Ibpw A\ysc D]-tZ-inv A\p-jvTn-n-
p-Ibpw sNp-Xv kw\ym-kn-amp hn[n
hntij [a-am-Wv.
16. Cs\ Aev]m-ev]-ambn kwK-tZm-j--
sf-sbmw AIn ljw, timIw XpS-nb
hn]-coX `mh-sf Cm-Xm-nb kw\ymkn
{_-n ebn-p-p. Krl-pw as-
m-hpw kI-e-hn[ {]hr-n-I-fnepw kXy-
\nbw hcp-n-sm-Sp-v, Ahsc A[a-
{]-hr-n-I-fn \nv tamNn-nv kI-e-hn[
kwi- b - \ n- h m- c Ww hcpn Ahsc kXyw
[aw Fn- h - b v - \ p- k - c n Ia- - f n
{]hn-n-p-Xv kw\ym-kn-bpsS {][m-\-
amb I-hy-am-Wv.
hm\-{]- - -k-\ym-k-hn[n
tNm: kw\ym-k-n\p {_mlvaWp
am{Xta hn[n-bptm? AtXm {Xn-bm-Zn-I-
fp-sSbpw [cva-amtWm?
D: kw\ym-k-n\v {_m-W\p am{Xta
A[n- I mcw Dq. Fm PmXn- I - f nepw
]qWhnZzm-m-cpw, [man-Icpw ]tcm-]-Im-c-X-
ev]-cp-amb P\--fpsS t]cmWv {_m-W
F- X v . ]qW- s sh- Z p- j yw, [a- X - e v ] - c - X ,
Cuiz-c-\n-jvT, hnc-n, Fn-h-bn-m--h
kw\y-kn-p-Xp sImv temI-n\v ]d-b-
D]-Im-c-sampw e`n-p-I-bn-. AXn-
\m {_m-W-\-msX ampw kw\ym-k-
n\v A[n-Im-c-an-sp temI ]d-bm-dp-v.
a\p-kvar-Xn-bn AXn\v {]am-W-hm-Iy-hp-apv:
Gj thmf`n-lntXm [cvtam {_m-Wky
NXpcvhn[x. ]ptWym-f-b-^ex t{]Xy cmP-
[cvaw \nt_m-[-X. (a\p. 6. 97)
alm-\mb a\p ]d-bpp: ""Atbm Ejn-
P-\--tf, {_-N-cyw, Kml-yw, hm\-{]-
w, kw\ymkw Fo \mev B{i-a-
kzoI-cn-p-Xv {_m-Ws [a-am-Wv. Cl-
n ]pWy-cq-]-am-bXpw, ]c-n tam-
sa A-bm-\--sbpw \Ip--XmWv
kw\ym-k-[aw. C\n Rm ]d-bp cmP-[a-
sa-sv tIp-hn"" kw\ymkw kzoI-cn-
p- h m {_m- W - \ mWv A[n- I m- c - s apw
{Xn-bm-Zn-Iv {_-N-cym-{i-a-nt\ A[n-
Im-c-ap-ffp Fpw knnpp.
tNm: Fn-\mWv kw\ymkw kzoI-cn-p-
Xv? 7
D: ico-c-n inc-s--hw NXp-cm-{i-
a-f - n kw\ym-khpw AXy-m-t]-n-Xa - m-Wv.
kw\ym-km-{i-a-an-s-n hnZym, [aw Fn-
h, Hcnepw A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-I-bn-. ap aqm-
{i-a--fn-ep-f-f-hpw hnZym-y-b-\w, Krl-Ir-
Xy-\nh-l-Ww, X]ivNcy Fn-h-bp-f-f-Xn-
\m hfsc Ipdp ka-bta Hgnhp e`n-bvp.
ap aqm- { i- a - mpw ]- ] m- X - a n- msX
s]cp-am-dm {]mbm-k-am-Wv. khYm kzX-{-
\mb kw\ym-knv km[n-p-{X temtIm-]-
Imcw sNp-hm CXc B{i-a-mp Ign-
bp-I-bn-. kXy-hn-Zy-bm ]Zm-hn-Pv-Rm\w
7 Cu hnj-b-s-n \ymb-Zi\w 41. 58-.61 s
hmym-b\
- `
- m-jy-n N sNbvXn-p-v.
96
 Amw kap-mkw
t\Sp-hm kw\ym-knp e`n-p-{X kabw
CXc B{i-an-Ip e`y-a-. {_-N-cy-n
\np t\cnp kw\ymkw kzoI-cn--bm-fn\v
kXy-in-W -
- m temI-n\v Dm-n-sIm-
Sp-p-hm Ign-bp--{Xbpw A`n-hr-nbpw D-
Xnbpw Krl---hm-\-{]--p-tijw
kw\y-kn-p--bm-fn\v t\Sn-sm-Sp-p-hm
kmy-a-.
tNm: kw\ymkw kzoI-cn-p-Xv Cuiz-
tc-bvp hncp--am-Wv. a\p-jy hn--
W-sa-mWv Cuiz-tc-. Krl-m-{iaw kzoI-
cn- m- - h \v km\w Dm- h p- I - b n- .
kw\ymkw apJy-am-sWv Icp-Xn, Fm-hcpw
kw\y-kn-m a\p-jys hwi-\miw hp-
t]m-Ipw.
D: icn, hnhm-ln-X-cmb At\Iw t]v
km-\-an-. Dmbn DS \in-p-p-ap-v.
AXpw Cuiz-tc-bvp hncp--am-sWp hcpw.
""bXv t \- I rtX bZn - \ - k n- [ y- X n - t Imf{X
tZmjx"" 8 Fsmcp Ihn ]d- n- p- v ,
Aw:""]cn-{i-an-npw Imcy-knn Cs--n-
sep tZmjw? tZmj-an-s-w"". FmWv
\n ]d-bp--sX-n Rm tNmZn--s,
Krl-m-{i-an-Iv At\Iw km-\--
Dm-hp-Ibpw Ah ]c-kv]cw hntcm-[nv
Xnn acn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm F{X
henb hn]- m- W Xv ? hncp- m- ` n- { ]mbw
\nanw hfsc bp- - f p- m- I p- p- v .
kw\ymkn sshZn-I-[aw am{Xw D]-tZ-inv ]c-
kv]c kvt\lw hfn-bm e--W-n-
\m-fp-I c-s]-Spw. Bbncw Krl--sc-
tmse a\p-jysc hn-n-pw. hnj-b-kp-Jm-
k- nsb XyPnv Fm a\p- j ypw
kw\ymkw kzoI-cn-m Hcn-epw km[y-a-
. kw\ym-kn-amcpsS D]-tZiw sImv [man-
I-cmb a\p-jy-scmw kw\ym-kn-bpsS ]p{X-
mcmsWp hnNm-cn--Ww.
tNm: ""Rp I-hy-sampw C.
`-Whpw hkv{Xhpw `n hmn B\--
ambn Ign-bWw A{X-X-s. Ahn-Zym-cq-]n-
bmb kwkm-c-n apn Xe-th-Z-\-sb-n-
\p-m-Ww? "Rm {_-amWv' Fp hnNm-
cnv kp-jvS\ - mbn Ign-bW
- w. D]-tZiw tXSp-
8 ]-X{w an{X-t`Zw IY 4 tmIw 217
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
-h-tcmSv "\obpw {_-amWv; \ns ]pWy-
]m-]- kv]in-p-I-bn; Fs-m
iotXm-jvW- ico-c-n-s-bpw, hnipw
Zmlhpw {]mW-s-bpw, kpJ-Zpx-J a\-
kn-s-bpw [a-am-Wv. temIta anYy. euInI
hrn-I-sfmw `mh-\bpw Ak-Xy-hp-am-I-
bm AXn s]pg- e p- Xv _pn- b - .
]pWy-hpw ]m]hpw tZl-n-sbpw C{n-b-
-fp-tSbpw [a-amWv; Bflm-hn-t-X''
Fp-]-tZ-in-pw. C-s\-bmWv kw\ym-kn-
am ]d-bp--Xv. CXn \np hyXym-k-ap-
ff kw\ym-k-s--n-bmWv Ap ]d-bp--
Xv. GXmWv kXyw. GXm-W-kXyw?
D: Ahp \ Imcy--sfmpw sNp-
hm-\n-stm? t\mq! ""sshZn-ssIivssNh
Icva`nx'' 9FmWp a\p-hN - \- w. sshZn-II
- a-
--[am-\p-kr-Xhpw kXy-hp-am-b-Ia--
-kw-\ym-kn-amcpw Ahiyw A\p-jvTn--W-sa-
m-Wn-Xn-\w. `Ww hkv{Xw apX-em-bh
Dt]-n-p-hm Ahp Ign-bptam? AXp-
t]mepw Dt]-n-p-hm i-c-m Ah
t{ijvT-Ia- XyPn-p-Xp sImv ]Xn-
Xcpw ]m]n-I-fp-am-hp-I-bnt? Krl--cn
\nv `Ww hkv{Xw apX-em-bh hmp-Ibpw
Ahv AXn\v {]Xyp-]-Imcw sNm-Xn-cn-p-
I-bp-am-sW-n AXp alm-]m-]-at? ImWp-
I-bpw tIpIbpw sNm-Xn-cp-m Ipw
sNhnbpw sImv {]tbm-P-\-an-. AXp-t]mse
ktXym-]t-Ziw \Ip-Ibpw thZm-Zn-im-kv{X-
-fpsS a\-\hpw {]Nm-chpw \S-p-Ibpw
sNm-Xn-cp-m kw\ym-kn-am temI-n\v
`mc-am-hp-Itb Df-fq. Ahn-Zy-bpsS kzcq-]-amb
{]]--s-n Nnnp Xe-]p-I-bvp--sX-
n-s\v Fgp-Xp-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw apw sNp-
-h-cmWv anYybpw ]m]n-I-fpw. imco-cnI Ia-
-sfmw Xs Bflm-hns Ia--fm-Wv.
Bflm-hmWv Ah-bpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-p--
Xv. Pohm-flmhv {_-am-sWp ]d-bp--h
Ahn-Zy-bn \n{Z-sIm-f-fp-p. Poh Aev]\pw
Aev]--\p-am-bn-cns {_w kh-hym-
]nbpw kh--\p-am-Wv. {_w \nXy ip-
_p--ap kz`m-hn-bm-sW-n Pohm-flmhv,
Nnetm ap\pw Nne-tm _\pw BIp-
p. kh-hym-]nbpw kh--\p-amb {_-
9 a\p, 6/75
97
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
n\v Hcn-epw sXtm Ahn-Zytbm Dm-hp-
I-bn-. Poh\v m\hpw APv-Rm-\hpw amdn
amdn Dm-Ip-p. {_-n\v P\-\-a-c-W-ZpxJw
Hcn-epw Dm-Ip-n-. Poh\v AXp-m-Ip-
p. AXn-\m Poh\pw {_hpw Hm-sW
D]-tZiw anYy-bm-Wv.
tNm: kw\ymkn kh-Ia ]cn-Xym-Kn-bpw
An, temlw Fnh sXmSp-Ib - n-spw ]d-
bp-Xp icntbm sXtm?
D: icn- b - . ""kayMv \nXy- a mkv t X
bkvan, bZzm kayMv \ykyn ZpxJm\n
IcvamWn tb\ k kw\ymkx; k {]ikvtXm
hnZytX bky k kw\ymkn'' ZpjvIa-
XyPnv kz-`m-h-tm-Sp-IqSn hn-p--h-
\mWv kw\ym-kn. AXn-\m kXvIa--f\
jvTn-p--h\pw ZpjvIa-sf Zqsc XyPn-p-
-h-\p-amWv kw\ym-kn.
tNm: A[ym-]\ - hpw D]-tZ-ihpw Krl-m-
{i-a-m \S-p-p-v. ]ns k\ym-kn-am-
sc-smv FmWp {]tbm-P\w?
D: Fm-hcpw ktXym-]-tZiw sImSp-p-
Ibpw tIp-Ibpw sN-Ww. ]t k\ym-
knv Dm-Im-hp--{Xbpw ka-b-hpw, ]-]m-
X-an-m-bvabpw Krl-\v Dm-hp-I-bn-. ]pcp-
j- m ]pcp- j - mpw kv { XoI kv { Xo
Ipw D]-tZ-ihpw hnZybpw \tI-Xv
{_mW-cpsS IS-a-bm-Wv. Fm Zqc-bm{X
\nc-cw sNp-hm kw\ym-knp Inp-{X
kuIcyw Krl-c - mb {_m-Wp t]mepw
Inp- I - b n- . {_m- W thZ- h n- c p- - a mbn
hXpw sNbvXm Ahsc \nb-{n-t-Xv
kw\ym- k n- b m- W v . AXn- \ m kw\ymkw
DNnXw Xs.
tNm: ""GI-cm{Xnw htkXv {Kmta'' 10
CXymZn hN-\-m HcnSv Hcp cm{Xn
am{Xta kw\ymkn hkn-m-hq. IqSp-X
]mSn-tm?
D: CXv Hsm-cw-i - n \-Xm-Wv. Hcn-Sp
Xs-]mm temIv henb D]-Im-c-
sampw Dm-hp-I-bn-. Hcp e-n-t\mSv
hnti-jm-`n-\n-thiw Dm-hp-Ibpw cmK-tZz-j-
10 \mcZ ]cn-{hm-PI D]-\n-j-n 4/14, KuXa
[a-kq{Xw 3 11, kw\ym-tkm-]-\n-jv Fo A{]m-am-
WnI {K--fn Cu hN\w ImWmw.
hm\-{]- - -k-\ym-k-hn[n
hn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Fm Hcn-Sp
Xma-kn-p-Xp sImv hnhn[ D]-Im-c-
Dm-Ip-sa-n As\ sN-Ww. P\-I-a-lm-
cm-Pm-hnsbSpv ]-in-J-chpw ap kw\ym-
kn-amcpw Bn \mep amkw hoXw hf-
sc-mew hkn-n-cp-p. ""GI-cm{Xow htkXv
{Kmta''10 FXv Cm-es I]-S-kw-\ym-kn-
am-cpsS krjvSn-bm-Wv. Aq- Hcn-Sv A[n-
I-Imew Xma-kn-p ]w Ah-cpsS s]m-
cw shfn-hm-Ipw. Ah-[nIw hf-cp-hm
Akm-y-am-Ipw.
tNm: ""bXo\mw Im\w ZZym-mw-_qew
{_-NmcnWmw. Nucm-W-ma-`bw ZZym- -\-
tcm- \ - c Iw {htP- X v '' 11 kw\ym- k n- a mv
-- p- kzWw Zm\w sNp--h \cIw {]m]n-p-
sa-t CXn-\w?
D: hWm-{ia-hn-tcm-[n-I-fmb k{-Zm-bn-
Ifpw kzm-S- e - p-If - mb ]ucm-Wn-Icpw IqSn
FgpXn hn-Xm-Wn-Xv. kw\ym-kn-amv ]Ww
Inn-bm Xsf FXnp-hm Ah in-
am-m-cm-Ip-sapw Ah Xsf \in-n-p-
sa-pw, kw\ym-kn-am X-[o-\-cm-bn-cn-
-bmWv \-sXpw Ah Icp-Xp-p. `nm-
Zn- I - s fmw X- f psS A[o- \ - n- e m- b m
kw\ym-kn-am `b-s-Spw. aqVpw kzmn-
Ipw Zm\w sNp-Xp \-Xm-sW-n ]Tn-
p ]tcm-]-Im-cn-I-fmb kw\ym-kn-amv
Zm\w \Ip--Xn Hcp tZmj-hp-an-. hnhn-
[m-\nN cXv\m\n hnhn-t-jq-]] - m-Zt- b-Xv. 12
FmWp a\p- h - N - \ w, hnhn- [ - c - X v \ - fpw
kzWhpw [\hpw hnh--mv kw-\ym-
kn-amv sImSp-Ww Fw. IqSmsX
\n ]d- Xv A- a n- m- - X mWp
Xm\pw. kw\ym-kn-amp kzWw sImSp-p
ZmXmhv \c-I-n t]mIp-sa-n shn,
apv, h{Pw apX-em-bh sImSp-p--h kzK-
n t]mIptam?
tNm: apt sNmnb tmI-n ]niIp
11 211-mw t]Pnse 10-m-as ASn-p-dnv t\mp-I.
12 eLp-]-cm-i-c-kvarXn 1/51 ambn Xmc-Xayw sNp-I.:
bXtb Im\w ZXzm- X mw- _ qew {_- N m- c ntW
Nutct`ymf]`bw ZXzm ZmXm f]n \cIw {htP-Xv. 12
a\p. 7, 6. [\m-\nXp bYm-in hnt{]jp {]Xn-]m-Z-tb-
Xv. thZ-hn-Xvkp-hn-hn-tjp t{]Xy kzcvKw ka-iv\ptX
CXp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNp-I.
98
 Amw kap-mkw
]n-tm-bn. ""bXn lkvtX[\w ZZymXv'' F-
XmWv icn. kw\ym-kn-bpsS ssIn ]Ww
sImSp-p--h \c-I-n-tep t]mIp-sa-
w.
D: CXpw GtXm A-c-sshcn Fgp-Xn-h-
-Xm-Wv. ]Ww ssIn sImSp-m ZmXmhv
\c-I-n t]mIp-sa-n Im-tem, Ingn-
sI-ntbm hp-sIm-Sp-m kzK-n-tep
t]mIm-a-tm. Cu ]mT-t`-Z-sampw icn-b-.
kw\ymkn \nXy-hr-nv Bh-iy-am-b-Xn-e-
[nIw [\w ssIhiw hbvp ]w tNmc-
`-bw, AXym-{Klw Fn-hb - pmIp-hm km[y-
X- b p- v . Fm hnZzm A\p- N n- X - a m- b -
sXmpw sNp-I-bn-. AXym-{K-l-n s]Sp-
I-bp-an-. Fs-m Ah apv {_-N-cy-
n-tem, Krl-m-{i-a-ntem hv kpJ--
f-dn-bp-Itbm A\p-`-hn-p-Itbm sNbvXn-p-m-
hpw. {_-N-cy-n \nv kw\y-kn--h Hcn-
epw Hnepw Bk--\m-Im ]qW-hn-c-
-\m-bn-cn-pw.
tNm: {im-\m-fn kw\ymkn hon hcn-
Itbm hkn-p-Itbm sNbvXm ]nXr-
HmSn-tm-Ip-sapw \c-I-n hogp-sapw
temI ]d-bp-p.
D: Hm-a-Xv, acn-p-t]mb ]nXr- aSn
hcp-Xpw Dup {imw Ahp Inp-
Xpw Akw-`-hyhpw thZ-n\pw bpnpw
hncp--hp-am-I-bm Ak-Xy-am-Wv. hcm--h
HmSn-tm-Ip--sX-s\? Pohm-flm- kzw
]m]-]p-Wy--f-\p-k-cnv Cuiz-cob hyh--
bm ac-Wm-\ - c P--s
- a-Sp-p-X- n-\m Ah
Fs\ hcpw? CXpw DZ-c-\n-anw _lp-Ir-
X-th-j-m-cmb ]ucm-Wn-I-cp-sSbpw sshcm-Kn-
I-fp-sSbpw sIp-I-Y-bm-Wv. acn--hp {imw
Dup-Xv thZm-Zn-im-kv{X-p hncp--am-I-
bm kw\ymkn sNm A-hn-izm-kn-I
HmSp-sa-Xp icn-bm-Wv.
tNm: {_-N-cy-n \nv kw\ymkw
kzoIcnp--h\v PohnXw hnj-a-I-c-am-Ipw.
Ima-hm-k-\-b-S-pXpw AXn-I-Tn-\-am-Wv.
AXn-\m Krl-m-{i-ahpw Ignv kw\y-
kn-p--XmWv \-Xv.
D: PohnXw hnj-a-I-c-hpw, C{n-b- AS-
p-Ib - p-an-s-n {_-Nc - y-n \np k\y-
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
kn--cp-Xv. C{n-b--f-S-p-hm ka
Fp-sImp kw\y-kn-p-IqSm? hnj-bm-k - n-
bpsS tZmj- fpw hocy- k w- c - - W - ns
KpWhpw Adn-bp--h Hcn-epw hnj-bm-k-
-m-cm-hp-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS hocyw AhcpsS
hnNm- c - a m- I p Anv C- \ - a m- I p- p.
AXn hn\n- t bm- K n- p- p. sshZy- s bpw
Huj-[--fp-sSbpw Bhiyw tcmKn-Ip--
{X, tcmK-an-m--hn-. AXp-t]mse hnZy,
[aw Fn-h-bpsS ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw temtIm-]-
Im-ch- p-amWv X-fpsS Pohn-Xe -
- y-sap Icp-
Xp--h-cmcpw hnhmlw sN-cp-Xv. ]-in-J
apX- e mb ]pcp- j - mcpw KmKn XpS- nb
kv{XoIfpw A-s\-bm-bn-cp-p. kw\ym-k-
n\v A[n-Im-cn-I-f-msX A\-[n-Im-cn-I
k\y- k n- p- - X p- N n- X - a - . A\- [ n- I m- c n- I
kzbw A[x-]-Xn-pw. A\y-tcbpw A[x-]-Xn-
n-pw. N{I-hnsb k{amv (km-a--cpsS
cmPm-hv) Fp ]d-bp-X - p-t]mse k\ym-knsb
]cn-{hmSv Fp ]dbp-p. Fm cmPmhv
Xs \mnepw \mmpw am{X-amWv BZ-cW - o-
b. kw\ym-kn-sbbm-Is kh{X ]qPn-p-p.
hnZzw N \r]Xzw N ss\h Xpeyw IZm-
N\. kztZti ]qPytX cmPm hnZzm kcvh{X
]qPy-tX. 13
NmW-Iy-\o-Xn-im-kv{X-nse tmI-am-Wn-Xv.
hnZzm cmPmhv Fn-h Hcn-epw Xpey-c-.
ImcWw cmPm-hns\ Xs cmPyp am{Xw BZ-
cn-p-Ibpw kXv-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-tm
hnZzm kh{X _lp-am-\m-Z-c-p ]m{X-
am-Ip-p.
AXn-\m hnZym-`ym-kw, kpin-n-XXzw
_ew Fnh km-Zn-p--Xn\v {_-N-cy-
hpw, \Xpw t{ijvT-hp-am-b-sXmw km[n-p-
hm Krl-m-{i-ah - pw, a\-\w, [ym\w hnm-
\m-`n-hrn Fn-hbvpw, X]-k-\p-jvTn-m-\p-
ambn hm\-{]-m-{i-ah - pw, thZm-Zn-kX - y-im-kv{X-
-fpsS {]Nm-cw, ZpjvS-Ir-Xy- XyPnv
[man-I-hr-n-I kzoI-cn-p-I, ktXym-]-tZ-
i-n Fm-hcpsSbpw kwi-b-\n-hrn hcp-
pI Fn-hb - vmbn kw\ym-km-{i-ahpw hn[n-
n-cn-p-p. Fm kw\ym-km-{i-a-ns
13 NmW-Iy-i-XIw 3
99
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw hm\-{]- - -k-\ym-k-hn[n
apJy-[a-amb ktXym]-tZ-im-Zn-I sNm--
h ]Xn-Xcpw \c-I-Km-an-I-fp-am-Ipw. AXn-\m
kw\ym-kn-am-scmw kXy-ap-]-tZ-inv kwi-b-
\n-hrn hcp-n-sm-Sp-v, thZm-ZnkXy-im-
kv{X- ]Tn-n-v, sshZn-I-[as t]mjn-
nv temI-n-s\mw t{ibp hcp--Ww.
tNm: kw\ym-kn-am-cn \np `ncpw
kman, sshcm-Kn, tbmKn, tKmkmbn XpS-nb
t]cp- I - f p- - h cpw kw\ym- k m- { i- a - n
Ds--h-cmtWm?
D: A. Ah-cn kw\ym-k-ns e-
W-sam-p-an--tm. thZ-hn-cp--ambn {]hn-
p-Ibpw X-fpsS aXm-Nm-cy-m-cpsS hmp-
Isf thZ- n- e p- ] cn _lp- a m- \ n- p- I bpw
sNp Ah XfpsS aXs am{Xw {]iw-
kn-p-Ibpw Ak-Xy-Pm-e -- n s]v kzmw
t\Sp-hm ap-h - sc X-fpsS aX-n AI-
s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. temI-\ hcp-p-
Xp t]mIs; temIsc hnv A[x- ] -
Xnnv Ah kzmw t\Sp-p. AXn-\m
Ahsc kw\ym-kn-I-fmbn KWn-m-hp--X-.
Ah henb kzmm-{i-an-I-fm-sW--Xn
kwi-b-te-i-an-. kzbw [aw A\p-jvTnv a\p-
jy-hKs [a-aamK-n {]hn-n-v,
Cl-tem-I-nepw ]ctemI-nepw Cu P-
nepw hcpw P-n-epw kzKw AYhm
kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw A\ysc A\p-`-hn-n-
p-Ibpw sNp [am-flm--fmWv kw\ym-
kn-am-cmb alm-flm-.
kwn- ] v X - a mbn kw\ym- k m- { i- a - { Iaw
CXmWv . ASp- - X n cmP- [ ahpw {]Pm-
[ahpw Fgp-Xmw.
{ioa-Zv Z-bm-\--kzm-an-I-fm hnc-Nn-X-amb
kXymY-{]-Im-i-n
hm\-{]---kw-\ym-km-{ia {]Xn-]m-Z-I-amb
Amw kap-mkw Ign-p.

100

Bdmw kap-mkw
kXymY-{]-Imiw
cmP-[aw
AY cmP-[cvaw {]hymax
C\n cmP-[aw hymJym-\n-p-p.
1. cmP-[cvam\v{]h-yman bYmhrtm `th-
r]x. kw`-h-- bYm Xky- knn ]cam
bYm..
2. {_mw {]m]vtX\ kwkvImcw {Xn-
tbW bYm-hn[n. kcvh-kymky bYm-\ymbav
Icvhyw ]cn-c - W - av..(a-\pkvarXn 7. 1,2) 1
\mep-hW-, \mev B{i-a- Fn- -Ww, [\w apX-em-b-h-bm Aew-Ir-X-cm--
h-bpsS BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\--sf-n ]d--Xn-
\p-tijw a\p Ejn-am-tcmSv cmP-[a--tf-h-
sbpw cmPmhv F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn--W-sapw
]d-bp-p. A-s\-sbmcp cmPmhv 2 F-s\-
bp- m- I pw. ]c- a - k nn Fs\ `hnpw
Fsmw kh-hn-t[-\bpw ]d-bp-p.(1)
]c-a-hn-Zzm {_m-W-\m-Ip--Xp-t]m-se,
hnZzm\pw kpin-n-X-\p-amb {Xn-b cmPy-
c--sb Ihyw \ymbm-\p-krXw bYm-
hn[n sNt--Xm-Wv. AXns coXn C{]-Im-
c-am-Wv.
(aqp k`-I)
{XoWn cmPm\m hnZtY ]pcqWn ]cn
hnizm-\n- `q-jYx kZmwkn. (E. 3. 38. 6)
Cuiz- c D]- t Z- i n- pp: (cm- P m- \ m)
cmPmhpw {]P-Ifpw tNv (hn-Z-tY) kpJ -
{]m-]vXnbpw hnm-\h - r-n-bp-m-Ip-X
- p-amb
1 a\p-kvarXn 7.1.2.
2 `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb-w.
6
cmP--{]-Pm-_--sa hyh-lm-c-n ({Xo-Wn-
k-Zmw-kn) aqv k`-I AXm-bXv hnZymcy
k`, [amcyk-`, cmPm-cy-k` Fnh \ne-
hnh-cpn (]p-cq-Wn) At\I {]Im-c--fn
(hn-izm-\n) {]Pm-_- - n hcp ka{K a\p-
jymZn Poh-Pm-e--sfbpw (]-cn-`q-j-Yx) kI-
e-co-Xn-bnepw hnZy, kzmX-{yw, [aw, kpin-
Ww.
1. Xw k`m N kan-Xn tk\m N.
2. k`yx k`mw ta ]mln tb N k`ymx
k`m-kZx.. (A-Ycvhw 15.9.2.& 19.55.5)
(X-av) B cmP-[s (k`m N) aqp
k`-Ifpw (k-an-Xn-) {]Xn-tcm-[m-Zn-If
- psS hyh-
-Ifpw (tk\m N) ssk\yhpw tNv ]cn-
]m-en--Ww. (1)
tl (k-`y) k`-bn AwK-am-Im tbmKy-
\mb apJy-k-`mw-Kta (ta) Fs (k-`mw) k`-
bpsS [a-bp--amb hyh--Isf (]m-ln)
]men-p-I, (tb N k`ymx k`m kZx) IqSmsX
k`bvv tbmKy-cmb k`mw-K--sfmw k`-
bpsS hyh--Isf ]men-t--Xm-Wv. Fv
cmPmhv k`mw-K--tfm-Sm-m-]n-p-Xv cmPm-
hn\pw k`mw-K-pw tbmKy-am-Wv. (2)
G-Im-[n-]Xyw ]mSn-
Hcm-fn\v kzX-{-amb cmPym-[n-Imcw \evIp-
hm ]mSn-s-mWv CXns Xmev]-cyw. adn-
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
v, k`m-]-Xn-bmb cmPm-hv, cmPm-hn-\-[o-\-amb
k`. k`-bv-[o-\\mb cmPmhv {]P-I-[o-
\-amb cmPmhpw k`bpw cmPm-hn\pw k`bvpw
A[o-\-cmb {]P-I F-X coXn-sb-n
""cmjv{S-tah hniym-ln Xkvam-{Zmjv{So
hniw LmXpIx. hni-tah cmjv{Sm-bm-Zymw- I-
tcmXn Xkvam-{Zmjv{So hni-an \ ]pjvSav
]ipw a\yX CXn''.. (i-X. 13. 2.3)
{]P-If - n \np kzX-{-cmbn Xn-jvS - m-
cmb cmP- h w hn- m (cm- j v { S- t ah
hniym-l-n) cmPy-n {]th-inv {]P-Isf
\in- n- pw. AXn- \ m GIm- [ n- ] - X n- b mb
cmPmhv Xmtm-nbpw D-\ - p-ambn (cmjv{So
hniav LmXp-Ix) {]PI-fpsS LmXI-\mbn-o-
cpw. AXm-bXv (hn-i-tah cmjv{Sm-bm-Zymav
Itcm-Xn) B cmPmhv {]P-Isf `n-p-I-f-bpw-
-A-Xyw ]oUn-n-pw. AXn-\m Bscbpw
tkzm-[n-Im-cn-bm-c - p-Xv. (\ ]pjvSw ]ipw a\y-
tX) knwltam As-n amwk-`p-mb ap
h arKtam XSn- p- s Im- g p ]ip- h ns\
sImp-Xn-p-X - p-t]mse (cmjv{So hni-a - n)
kzX-{-\mb cmPmhv {]P-Isf \in-n-p-p.
Xt-m-f-[nIw \m-hm am-scbpw A\p-
h-Zn-msX k--m-cpsS ssIh-i-ap-Xp
apgp-h\pw Ahsc sRn-n-gnpw Xn-d - npw
A\ym-b-ambn ]ng-bnpw A]-l-cnv kzmw
t\Spw AXn-\m:
Ct{m PbmXn \ ]cm PbmXm A[n-
cmtPm cmPkp cmP- b mssX. Ncv I rXy
CutUym hy-tm-]-ktZym \a-tkym-f`-th-
l.. 3
a\p-jysc! Bcv (C-l) Cu a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-
b-n (C-{x) ]c-ssa-iz-cy-hm\mbn i{Xp-
sf (P-bm-Xn) Pbn-p-hm i-\m-Ip-p-
thm Bsc (\- ]-cm-P-bm-ssX) FXn-cm-fn-I
tXmev]n-p-n-tbm (cm-Pkp A[n-cm-Px)
cmPm-[n-cm-P-\mbn (cm-P-bm-ssX) hnf-p-p-
thm Bcv (NcvIr-Xy) k`m-]-Xn-bm-bn-cn-m
Ghpw tbmKy-Xbp-ff-h\pw (CuUyx) {]iw-
k-\o-b-amb KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--tfmSp IqSn-b-
h\pw (h-yx) kevm-c-tbm-Ky\pw (N D]-k-
Zyx) ic-W-tbm-Ky\pw (\-a-kyx) Fm-hpw
am\y\pw (`-th-l) Bbn-cn-p-pthm Abm-
sf-bmWv k`m-]-Xn-bmb cmPm-hmbn Ah-tcm-
[n-t--Xv.
3 AYcvhw 6.10.98.1
cmP-[aw
Caw tZhmfAk-]{XMvkph-[zw altX
{Xmb altX ssPyjvTymb altX Pm\-
cmPymtb{-tky-{n-bmb. (b-Ppx. 9. 40)
(tZ- h mx) hnZzm- m- t c cmPmth {]P- I tf
\n (C-aw) C{]-Im-c-ap ]pcp-js\ (a-l-
tX--{Xm-b) henb N{I-hn-bmbn hmgp-
hm\pw (a- l - t X- s sPy- j v T ym- b ) Fm- h - t c-
mfpw alm-\m-bn-cn-m\pw (a-ltX Pm\-cm-
Pym-b) alm-hn-Zzm-m-tcmSp IqSnb cmPys
]cn-]m-en-m\pw (C-{-tky-{n-bm-b) Ghpw
sFiz-cy-ap cmPy-tbpw k-n-t\bpw
cn- p- h m- \ p- a mbn (A- k - ] {XMv k ph- [ zw)
k-Xn-v ]-]m-X-c-ln-X\pw hnZym-hn-\-bm-
Zn-bp-\pw kIe P\--fp-sSbpw kplrpw
k`m- ] - Xn- bpw Fm- n\pw A[n- ] - Xn- bp- a mb
cmPm-hmbn Ah-tcm[np temIw apgp-h\pw
i{Xp-c-ln-X-cm-n-op-hn!
kZm k--amb ssk\yw
ncm hx kzm-bp[m ]cm-Wp-tZ hofq
DX -{]-Xn-jvIt`. bpjvam-I-akvXp Xhnjo
]\o-bko am acvXy-ky -am-bn\x.. (E. 1. 39. 2)
Cuiz-c D]-tZ-in-pp: tl cmP-]p-cp-j-
mtc (hx) \n-fpsS (B-bp-[m) Btbw
apX-emb Akv{X-, ]ocn, tXmv, hnv,
Av, hmfv, XpS-nb Bbp-[- i{Xp-sf
(]cm-Wp-tZ) tXmev]n-p-hm\pw (DX {]Xn-jvI-
t`) XSpp \np-hm\pw (ho-fq) sImm-
sav {]iw-kn-Xhpw (n-cm) Dd-p-Xpw (k-
p) Bbn-cn--s. (bp-jvam-Iw) \n-fpsS (X-
hn-jo) ssk\yw (]-\o-b-ko) {]iw-k-\obw
(A- k v X p) BI- s . Ah- b psS klmbw
sImp \n kZm hnP- b n- I - f m- I p- h n.
Fm, (am acvXy-ky -am-bn-\x) Bcv A\ym-
bhpw \ny-hp-amb {]hr-n-I sNp-pthm
Ah\v ap]-d ]Zm-s - fmpw e`n-m-
Xn-cn--s. a\p-jy [an-jvT-cm-bn-cn-p-tm
am{Xta cmPy-n\v A`n-hrn Dm-hq. Zpcm-
Nm-cn-I-fpsS cmPyw \in-p-t]m-Ip-p.
AXn-\m henb hnZzm-msc [a-k-`-bpsS
A[n-Im-cn-I-fm-bpw {]iw-kn-- [a-\n-
jvT-tbmSp IqSn-b-hsc cmP-k-`-bpsS kZ-ky-
cm-bpw Ah-cn-se-mnepw hv kthm-XvIr-jvS-
amb KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--tfmSp IqSnb alm-]p-
cp-js\ B cmP-k`- b - psS A[n-]X - n-bmbpw \nb-
102
 Bdmw kap-mkw
anv kh{X A`n-hrn t\Sp-I. \b-kw-_--
amb \nb-a- aqp-k-`-I-fp-sSbpw k-X-
tm-Sp-IqSn Ghpw \mbn \nan-p-Ibpw
P\- - s fmw B \nb- a - A\p- k - c np
{]hn-p-Ibpw thWw. s]mXp-\--bvp-X-
Ip Imcy- sNm Ghcpw k-Xn--
Ww. kh- l n- X - I - c amb Imcy- - f n
XImcyw t\m-cp-Xv. [a-bp--amb kzw
Imcy--fn am{Xta kzmX{yw ]mSp-q.
k-`m-]-Xn-bpsS KpW-
cmP-k-`-bpsS A[n-]-Xn-p-m-tI KpW-
Fs-m-sap ]d-bpp:
1. C{m-\n-eb- a- mcvIm-Wm-at- hcp-Wky
N. N{-hn-t-itbmssh am{Xm \ncvlr-
Xy- im-izXox..
2. X]-Xym-Zn-Xy-hs - sj Nqwjn N a\mw-
kn N. \ ssN\w `qhn iIvt\mXn In-Z-]y-
`n-ho-n-Xpav..
3. tkmfn`- h Xn hmbp tkmfcv I
tkmax k [a-cmSv. k Ipt_cx k hcpWx
k atl{x {]`m-hXx.. (a-\p. 74, 6, 7)
1. k`m-]-Xn-bmb cmPmhv C{-s\-tm-se--
an-t]m-se AXn-th-K - n sFiz-cy-sf
Df-hm-p--h\pw Fm-hpw hmbp-hn-s\-
tmse {]mW-{]n-b\pw Fm-h-cp-sSbpw at\m-
K-X--f-dn-bp--h-\pw \ymbm-[n-]-Xn-bmb ba-
s\-tmse ]-]m-X-sat\y s]cp-am-dp--h-\pw
kqcy-s\-tmse \ymbw hnZy [w Fn-
hsb {]Im-in-nv Ahn-Zy A\ym-bmZn A-
Im- c - AI- p- - h - \ pw Ansbtmse
Zpjv S - msc `kv a - a m- p- - h - \ pw hcp- W t\-
tmse ZpjvS-msc At\-I-hn-[-n _n-
p--h\pw N{-s\-tmse k\-v
B\- w Df- h m- p- - h - \ pw ssh{i- h - W - s \-
tmse JP-\mhv \nd-bvp--h\pw Bbn-cn--
Ww.
2. kqcy-Xp-ey-{]-Xm-]nbpw Fm-h-cp-sSbpw
_ln-c--cw-K-sf kzw tXP-p-sImv X-
]n-n-p--h\pw an-ep a\p-jy-cn-empw
{Iqc-ZrjvSn ]Xn-n-m--h\pw...
3. kz{]-`m-h-m An, hmbp, kqcy,
N{ Fn-h-sc-tmse hnf-p--h\pw [an-
jvT\pw k-ns\ hn-n-p-h - \
- pw ZpjvS-
msc _n-p--h\pw hf-sc- sF-iz-cy-ap--
h- \ p- a mb Bfn- \ mWv k`- b psS Ay- -
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
\mbncnm tbmKy-X-bp--Xv.
b-YmY `c-Wm-[n-] Bcv?
1. k cmPm ]pcptjm ZWvUx k t\Xm
imknXm N kx. NXpcvWm-am-{i-amWmw N
[cvaky {]Xn`qx kvarXx..
2. ZWvUx imkvXn {]Pmx kcvhm ZWvU
Ghm-`n-c-Xn. ZWvUx kp]vtXjp PmKcvXn
ZWvUw [cvaw hnZpcv_p[mx..
3. kao-y k [rXx kayIvkcvhm cRvP-
bXn {]Pmx. Ak-aoy {]Wo-XkvXp hn\m-
i-bXn kcvhXx..
4. Zptjybpx kcvhhcvWm `ntZy-c\v
kcvhtk-Xhx. kcvh-tem-I-{]-tIm-] `th
WvUky hn{`-amXv..
5. b{X iymtam temln-Xmtm ZWvU-
-cXn ]m]lm. {]Pm-kvX{X \ ap-lyn
t\Xm tNm[p ]iy-Xn..
6. Xkymlpx kw{]-tW-Xmcw cmPm\av
kXyhm-Zn-\av. kaoyImcWw {]mav
[cva-Im-amcvY-tIm-hn-Zav..
7. Xw cmPm {]W-b\vk-ayIv {XnhcvtK
Wm`n-hcv[tX. Imamflm hnjax pt{Zm
ZWvtU-ss\h \nl-\ytX..
8. ZWvtUm ln kpa-l-ttPm Zpcv[cm
IrXm-fl`nx. [cvam-Zzn-N-enXw ln \r]-tah
k_m--hav..
9. tkmfklm-tb\ aqtV\ ep_vt[\m
IrX-_p-n\m. \ itIym \ymbtXm t\Xpw
kt\ hnj-tb-jp N..
10. ipNn\m kXy-kvt-\ b-Ym-im-kv{Xm\p
kmcnWm. {]mtWXpw iIytX ZWvUx kpk-
lm-tb\ [oaXm.. (a-\p. 7.17-19, 24-28, 30, 31.)
1. ]
- p-cp-jk - z-cq-]n-bm-bn-p ZWvUw 4 Xs-
bmWv cmPmhv \ymbw \S-p-Xpw Fm-h-
tcbpw imkn-p--Xpw \mep h--fp-tSbpw
\mem- { i- a - - f ps- S bpw [a- c - Ww sNp-
Xpw AhX-s-bm-Wv.
2. B ZWvUw Xs-bmWp {]P-Isf imkn-
p-Xpw cn-p-Xpw; {]P-I Dd-p-
tmgpw DWn- c n- p- Xpw B ZWv U w
4 ZWvUw F hmn\v ZWvUn-n- F Chn-
Sps AYw. `c-W-L-S-\-bnse \nb-a--fpsS ]cn-
]m-e-\hpw Ah ewLn-p--hp inbpw IqSn-
t-cp--sXtm AXt{X ZWvUw.
103
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
Xs; AXn-\m _pn-am-m ZWvUs
[a-sap ]dbp-p.
3. Ah-[m\ ]qw {]tbm-Kn-m kI-
epw B\--Zm-b-Ihpw A\-h-[m-\-X-tbmsS
{]tbm-Kn-m cmPm-hns\ Fm hn[-nepw
\in-n-p--Xp-amWv ZWvUw.
4. - Z - W v U - a nsn kI- e cpw Zpjnp
t]mIpw; cmPy-a-cym-Z-I On-`n--am-Ipw. P\-
{]p-_v[-cm-Ipw.
5. Idp-n-cp ico-chpw NpI Ip-I-fp-
ap Hcp `b-c ]pcp-j-s\-tmse ZWvUw
]m]-sf \in-n-p-sImv k-cn-p-n-
Ss {]P-I ]cn-{`aw IqSmsX kpJambn
hkn-p-p. ] - t ZWvUw {]tbm-Kn-p-h
]-]m-X-c-ln-X\pw hnZzm-\p-am-bn-cn--Ww.
6. kXy-hm-Znbpw Btem-N\ - m-io-e\pw _pn-
am\pw [amY Ima-sf t\Sp-X - n kaY-
\p-amb cmPm-hn-s\-bmWv icn-bmb ZWvU-{]-
tbm-m-shp hnZzm-m ]d-bp--Xv.
7.- Z-WvUs icn-bmw-hw {]tbm-Kn-p
cmPmhv [amY-Im-a--fpsS knnsb hn-
n- p- s Im- n- c n- p- p. - h n- j b kpJ- n
AXym-k-\pw IpSne kz`m-hnbpw Cujym-
ephpw p{Z-a-\-kvI\pw \oN-_p-n-bp-amWv
\ymbm-[n-]-Xn-bmb cmPm-sh-n ZWvU-m
Abm \in-p-p.
8. tXP-n-b ZWvUs ssIsm-p-
hm sshZp-jyhpw [\njvTbp-an-m--
hp km[n-p-I-bn-.- [a-c-ln-X-\mb cmPm-
hns\ Xd-hm-tSm-Sp-IqSn AXv \in-np If-bpw.
9. Fs- m, B]v X - ] p- c p- j - m- c psS
klmbw, hnZym-`ym-kw,- kp-in-Ww Fn-h-
sbm-p-an-m-h - \pw hnj-bm-k - \pw aqV-\p-
am-bn-p--hp \ymb-amb hn[-n ZWvUw
\Sphm\p kmayw Hcn-epw Dm-hp-
I-bn-.
10. ]hn-{Xm-flmhpw kXy-\n-jvT\pw k\
kwkKw sNp--h-\pw \oXn-im-kv{Xa-\p-k-
cnv {]hn-p--h-\pw t{ijvT-]p-cp-j-m-
cpsS klm-b-tmSpIqSnbh\pw _pn-am-\p-
am-bn-p--h\p am{Xta \ymb-ambn ZWvU-{]-
tbmK kmaYy-apmIq. AXn-\m:
5 a\p- k v a r- X n- b n "tk\m]Xyw' FmWv ]mTw.
Fm {K- I m- c s EKv ` mjyw 1 32.2 1.100- 6
bqcv`mjyw 6.2 kwkvIm-ch - n[n Fn-hb
- n ssk\m-
]Xyw Fp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p.
cmP-[aw
1. -ssk-\m-]Xyw 5 N cmPyw N ZWvU-t\-
Xr-Xz-tah N. kcvh-temIm[n]Xyw N thZ-
im-kv{X-hn-Zcvl-Xn..
2.- Z-im-hcm hm ]cn-jZyw [cvaw ]cn-I-ev]-
tbXv. {Xyhcm hm]n hrm Xw [cvaw \
hn-Nm-e-tbXv..
3. ss{Xhn-tZym -ssl-XpIkvXcvIo ss\cp
IvtXm [cva] - m-TIx. {XbivNm{ianWx ]qcvth
]cn-j-ymimh-cm..
4.- E-tKz-Z-hn-Zy-Ppcvhn- -km-a-th-Z-hn-tZh
N. {Xyhcm ]cn-jt- bm [cvak - w-ib- \
- ncvW-
tb..
5. GtIm]n- fth-Z-hn-cvaw bw hyh-tkyZv
-
ZzntPm-ax. k hn-tbx ]tcm [cvt am
\mm\mapZn-tXmf-bpssXx..
6. A{h-Xm-\m-a-a-{mWmw PmXn-am-t{Xm]
Pohn\mw. kl-{kix kta-Xm\mw ]cn-jXzav
\ hnZytX..
7. bw hZn Xtam-`qXm aqcvJm [cva-a-X-
ZznZx. XXv]m]w iX[m `qXzm XZz-ro\\pK-
Xn.. (a-\pkvarXn 12. 100, 110-115.)
1. kh-ssk-\y-n-s-bpw tk\m-]-Xn-I-fp-
sSbpw B[n- ] Xyw in \Ip- h m- \ p
Gm-Sp-I-fp-sSsbmw tae-[n-Im-cw, Fm-h-cp-
sSbpw \mb-I-Xzw, cmPy-ns A[n-Imcw
Fn--s\-bp \mep apJym-[n-Im-c--fn-epw
thZ-im-kv{X-f - n {]ho-W- mcpw ]qW hnZzm-
mcpw PntX-{n-b - mcpw [am-flm- fpw kZvkz-
`m-hn-I-fp-am-b-hsc \nb-an--Ww. 6: apJy-tk-
\m-]Xn apJy-\ymbm[n]-Xn, apJy-cm-Pym-[n-Im-
cn, {][m-\ (cm-Pm-hv) Fn-h-scmw kIe
hnZy-I-fnepw ]qW-]m-WvUn-Xy-ap--h-cm-bn-cn-
-Ww.
2. Ipd--]w ]p hnZzm-m-tcm Ghpw
Ipd-Xv aqp hnZzm-mtcm AS-nb k`-
bn Xocp-am-\n-p hyh--I-sf--[--a-hy-h-
-I-sf Bcpw Dw-Ln--cp-Xv.
3. Cu k`-bn \mep thZ, \ymb-im-
kv{Xw, \ncpw, [a-imkv{Xw apX-em-b-h-
bn \n]p-W-cmb hnZzm-m-cmWp kZ-ky-cm-tI-
-Xv. Ah {_-N-cyw, Kml-yw, hm\-
{]w Fo aqm-{i-a--fn-ep--h-cm-bn-cn--
Ww. k` IqSp-tm Ipd-Xv ]p hnZzm-
m-cp-m-bn-cn--Ww.
4. Ev, bPq-kv, kmaw Fo aqp thZ-
104
 Bdmw kap-mkw
fpw Adn-bp aqp kZ-ky-m-c-S-nb Hcp
k`-bn sNp- hyh--Isf Bcpw Dw-
Ln--cp-Xv.
5. kI- e - t h- Z - - \ mb ZznP- t {i- j v T \pw
k\ym-kn-bp-amb Hcm Xo-s-Sp-p-Xv
kh-t{ijvS [aam-Ip-p. Fs-m, Adn-
hn-m Bbn-ctam etam tImSntbm t]
tNv sNp [a-hy-h kzoIm-cy-ta-b-
. 11. hyk-\ky N artXym hyk\w IjvS-
6. {_-N-cyw, kXy-`m-j-Ww apX-emb {hX-
fpw thZm-[y-b-\w, thZmY hnNmcw Fn-
h-sbm-p-an-m--hcpw P\n--tm-g-t-tmse
Ctmgpw iq{Z-cm-bn-cn-p At\-I-iXw t]
IqSn-bmepw AXp k`-b-.
7. hnZym-`ym-k-an-m-, thZ-a-dn-bm aqV-
m ]d-bp [as Hcn-epw ssIsm-
-cp-Xv. Fs-m aqV-m Xocp-am-\n-p-
-X-\p-k-cn-p--hsc ]m]- ]nmse
sNp ]nSn-Iq-Sp-p.
AXn-\m aqp k`-I-fnepw hnZym-k-`,
[ak`, cmP-k` Fo aqp k`-If - nepw aqV-
msc Hcn-epw \nb-an--cp-Xv-; hnZzm-m-scbpw
[man-I-tc-bpw am{Xta \nb-an-m-hq.
1. ss{Xhn-tZy-`y-kv{Xbow hnZymw ZWvU-
\oXnw N imizXow. B\zo-nIow Nmfl-
hnZymw hmcvXmcw`m temIXx..
2. C{n-bmWmw Ptb tbmKw kam-Xn-jvtT-
n-hm-\n-iav. PntX-{ntbm ln iIvt\mXn hti
m]-bnXpw {]Pmx..
3. Zi Ima-k-ap-m\n XYmsjvSu t{Im[-
Pm-\n N. hyk-\m\n Zpc-m\n {]b-Xv-t\\
hnhcvP-tbXv..
4. Ima-tPjp {]k-tm ln hyk-t\jp
alo-]Xnx. hnbp-PytXfcvY[-cv-am-`ymw- t{Im-[-
tP-jzm-fl-ss\-h Xp..
5. arKbmftm Znhm-kz]v\x ]cn--hmZx
kv{Xntbm aZx. sXucy-{XnIw hyYm-Sym N
ImatPm ZitIm KWx..
6. ss]ip\yw kmlkw t{Zml Cucvjym-
kq-bmcvZqj-Wav. hmKvZ-WvUPw N ]mcp
jyw t{Im[tPmf]n K-tWm-fjvSIx..
7. Zztbm-c-t]y-X-tbmcvaqew bw kcvth
Ihtbm hnZpx. Xw bXvt\\ Ptb-tm`av
Xm-th-Xm-hps-`u- K-sWu..
8. ]m\-amx kv{Xnbssh arKbm N
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
bYm-{I-aav. GXXvIjvS-Xaw hnZym--XpjvIav
ImatP KtW..
9. ZWvUky ]mX\w ssNh hmIv]mcp-jym
cvYZqjtW. t{Im[tPf]n KtW hnZym-XvI-
jvS-taX{nIw kZm..
10. k]vX-I-kymky hcvKky kcvh-ss{X-
hm-\p-jMvKnWx. ]qcvhw ]qcvhw Kpcp-Xcav
hnZym-Zzyk\amflhm\v..
ap-NytX. hyk-\yt[mft[m {hPXn kzcym-Xy-
hy-k\o arXx (a-\p. 7. 43-53)
1. \mep-th-Z - f- n-ep-ap Ia-ImWvUw, D]m-
k-\m-ImWvUw, m\-ImWvUw Fn-h-b-dn-
bm-hp--h-cn \nv k\m-X-\-amb ZWvU-
\oXn, \ymb-imkv{Xw, Bfl-hn-Zy--]-c-am-flm-
hns KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h - f
- psS m\-am-Ip
{_-hnZy Fo aqp hnZy-I-sfbpw temI-
n \np hmm-cw-`t-bpw--eu-In-I-hy-
h- l m- c - - t f- b pw A`y- k n- - X n\p tijw
am{Xta Hcp-h\v kZ-kyt\m k`m-]-Xntbm
Bbn-o-cp-hm km[n-p-I-bp-q.
2. Fm kZ-ky-mcpw k`m-]-Xn-Ifpw C{n-
b-sf Pbnp kzm[o-\-s-Spn kZm [a-
amK- n hn- p- I bpw A[a- n
\np \nhn-p-Ibpw sNt--Xm-Ip-p.
AXn-\m cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw \nn-X-k-a-bv
tbmKm-`ym-khpw IqSn ioen--Ww. C{n-b
sf a\v {]mW icocw Fo B`y--c-
{]-P-Isf P-bn-n-n-m Bfn\v _mly-{]-
P-Isf kzm[o-\-am-p-hm km[y-ta-b-.
3. Imaw-sIm-p-m-Ip ]pw t{Im[w
sImp-m-Ip Fpw ZpxJ-kz-`m-h--sf ]cn-
Xy- P n- - W w. Ah- b n- e - I - s Bfn\v c-
sSm hnj-a-am-sW-nepw!
4. Ima-P\ - y-amb ]p Zpxkz-`m-h - f
- n AI-
s-Sp cmPm-hns cmPyw k-v, [aw
Fn-hbpw t{Im[-P-\y-amb Fp Zqjy--
fns-Sp cmPm-hns ico-chpw \in-p-p.
5. Imaw-sIm-p-m-Ip Zqjy- Ch-bm-
Wv. \mbm-v, NqXp-I-fn, ]I-ep-d-w, Ima-IY
As-n ]c-\n-, AXy-[n-I-amb kv{Xokw-
Kw, amZ-I{- Z-hy-,-- a-Zyw, Idpv, Imhp apX-
em-bh io-en-p-I, ]mv, sImv, Bw Fnh
tIp-Ibpw ImWp-Ibpw sNp-I, hrYm
Ap- a npw k- c n- p- s Im- n- c n- pI
Cs\ ]p hyk-\- Imtam-ev]---
105
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
fm-Ip-p.
6. t{Im[w-sImv Gj-Wn-Iq-p-I, hnth-I-an-
m-sXbpw _emm-c-ambpw ]c-kv{Xo-I-tfmSv
kwK-an-p-I, tZzjw ]tcmXvjw Ip-Iq-
Sm-bva, Akq-b--Kp-W--fn tZmj-sbpw
tZmj--fn KpW-tbpw Btcm-]n-p-I
[a-hn-cp--fmb Zp-jv-{]-hr-nIfn [\m-
Zn-I hrYm-hybw sNpI, ]cp-j-hm-p-I
]d-bp-I, sXp sNmsX ITn-\-ambn inn-
p-Itbm iIm-cn-p-Itbm sNpI CuFp
tZmj- Dm-Ip-p.
7. Ima-P-fpw t{Im[-P--fp-amb C-d
Zqjy--fp-sS-sbmw aqe-Im-cWw tem`-am-sW-
t{X hnZz-P-\- ]d-bp--Xv. tem`w-sIm-
mWv kI-e-tZm-j-fpw a\p-jy\v Dm-Ip-
-Xv. AXn-\m tem`w XyPn--Ww.
8. Iv apX-emb elcn ]ZmY--sf ioen-
p-I, NqXp-I-fn-p-I, Aan-X-ambn kv{XokwKw
sNp-I, \mbm-Sp-I, Fo \mep tZmj-
Ima-P-fmb Zqjy--fn hv Ghpw No-
bm-bn-p--Xm-Wv.
9. A]-cm[w sNm-h - sc inn-p-I, ]cp-
j- h mp ]d- b p- I , kv A\ym- b - a mbn
sNehp sNpI Fo aqp-tZm-j - t{Im[-
P--fmb hyk-\--fn hv AXyw ZpxJ-
{]-Z--fm-Ip-p.
10. Ima-P-fpw t{Im[-P--fp-amb Zqjy--
fn hv alm-tZm-j--fmbn KWn-p Gsg-
-n hrYm hyb-t-m ItTm-c-h-N-
\hpw ItTm- c- ` m- j - W - t - m A\ym- b -
ZWvUhpw A\ym-b-Z-WvU-t-m \mbmpw
\mbm- n- t \- m Aan- X - k v { Xo- k w- K hpw
kv { Xokw- K - t - m NqXp- I - f nbpw NqXp-
Ifntbm aZym-Zn-tk-hbpw A[nIw tZmj-
I-chpw Kpcp-X-chpw BIp-p.
11. Zpxkz-`m-h--fn s]Sp--Xn-t\-m
t`Zw ac-W-amWv. Zpcm-Nmcn ZoL-Imew Pohn-
n-cp-m A[nIw ]m]w sNbvXv At[m-K-
Xnsb Zpx-J-s {]m]n-pw. kZmNmcn acn-
mepw kpJs {]m]n-p-p. AXn-\m kI-
ecpw hnti-jnv cmPmhv \mbm-v, aZy-]m\w apX-
emb Zpjv-Ia-fn Hcn-epw s]p-t]m-
ImsX Ah-bn \nv AIp \nv [a-bp-
--fmb KpW-Iakz-`m-h--tfmSp IqSn
kXvIa- A\p-jvTn-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww.
cmP-[aw
a-{n-am-cpsS tbmKy-X
cmP-k-`-bn-ep kZ-ky-mcpw a{nbpw
F-s\-bp-h - c
- mbn-cn-W - s- ap ]d-bpp:-
1. sauemRvOmkv{X-hnZx iqcmw_v[-e-
m\vIptem-Zv`hm\v. kNn-hm\vk]vX Nmjv
sSu hm {]IpcvhoX ]co-n-Xm\v..
2. A]n- b-p-I-cw Icva XZ-t]y-tI\
ZpjvIcav. hnti-jtXmfklm-tb\ Inp
cmPyw atlm-Z-bav..
3. ssXx kmcv[w Nn-tb-nXyw kmam\yav
knhn{K-lav. m\w kapZbw Kp]vXnw
e_v[{]i-a-\m\n N.
4. tXjmw kzw kza-`n-{]mbap]-e`y ]rYIv
]rYIv. ka-kvXm-\mw N Imtcyjp hnZ-[ym-
n-X-am-fl\x..
5. A\ym-\]n {]IpcvhoX ipNo\v{]m-
\-hnXm\v. kay-KcvYkam-lcvXro -\-am-
Xym\vkp]conXm\v..
6. \nhcvtX-Xmky bmh-Zv`n-cnXnIcvXh - yXm
\r`nx. XmhtXmfX{n-Xmm\v{]IpcvhoX
hnNIvjWm\v..
7. tXjm-acvtY \nbp-RvPoX iqcmm\v
Iptem-ZvK-Xm\v. ipNo-\mI-c-Icvamt `ocq-\-
cv\nth-i-t\..
8. ZqXw ssNh {]IpcvhoX kcvh-imkv{X
hnim-c-Zav. CwKn-Xm-Im-c-tN-jvSw ipNnav
Zw Iptem-ZvKXav..
9. A\p-cx ipNocvZx kvar-Xn-amti-
ImehnXv. h]p-jvam\zoX-`oczmKvao ZqtXm
cmx {]i-kytX.. (a-\p. 7. 54-57; 60-64)
1. kzcm-Py-n-k -- z-tZ-i-n P\n-n-p
thZmZn imkv{X-f - d
- n-bp ]cm-{I-ai - m-en-If
- pw
\njv^e - a- m-Im Nn-It- fm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - cpw \
Ipe-n ]nd--h-cpw thpw hw ]co-n-
-s--hcpw kaYm-cp-amb Gtgm Ftm
D-a-cmb {]K-sc kNn-h-m-cm-bn- - a-{n-
am-cm-bn -- \n-b-an--Ww.
2. Fs-m, ]c-k-lm-b-sat\y thKw
sNm Ign-bp Imcyw t]mepw GIm-In-
bmbn sNp-tm ZpjvIc-am-Ip-p. Atm
GIm-In-bmbn al-mb cmP-Imcyw \S-p-
hm Fs\ km[npw? AXn-\m Hcm-fns\
cmPm-hmbn \nb-anv cmPy-`mcw apgp-h\pw Gev]n-
p-Xv A\m-im-ky-am-Ip-p.
3. AX-n-\m k`m-]-Xn-bmb cmPmhv cmPy-
106
 Bdmw kap-mkw
Im-cy-f - n Ipi-e - mcpw hnZzm-m-cp-amb a{n-
am- t cm- S p- I qSn (k- n) ssa{Xn (hn- { K- l w)
i{XpX (m-\w) ka-b-a-dnv kzcm-Pys
cnv DZm-ko-\-\mbn nXn-sN-p-I. (k-ap-
Zbw) kz-_ew hn-p-tm ZpjvS-i-{Xp-
sf B{I-an-pI, (Kp-]vXn) ssk\yw, JP-
\mhv apX-em-bh cn-pI, (e-_v[-{]-i-a-\w)
Iog-S-nb \mSp-I-fn kam-[m\w ]pepI
Fo Bdp hnj-b- \nXyhpw \nco-n--
Ww.
4. kZ-ky-cn Hmtcm-cp--cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-
b-fpw hnNm-c-fpw tNmZn--dnv `qcn-]--
{]-Imcw kzhpw A\y-cp-sSbpw t{ib-n-\p-
X-Ip {]hr-n-I kpNn-n-X-ambn sNbvXp-
Xp-S--Ww.
5. ]cn-ip-m-flm--fpw _pn-am-mcpw nc-
Nn--m-cpw ]Zm kw{K-l-N-Xp-ccpw Bb-
hsc \-hw ]co-n-p-t\mn a{n-am-cmbn
\nb-an-t--Xm-Wv.
6. \mp-Im-cy-\-S-n-n-\m-h-iy-ap-{X Dm-
l-io-ecpw _e-hm-mcpw hnZ-Kv-cp-amb A[n-
Im-cn-Isf tPmenp \nb-an-t-XmWv.
7. AhcpsS Iogn iqc-cpw _e-hm-m-cpw
Xd-hm-Sn-Ifpw ]cn-ip--cp-amb `rXy-msc \nb-
anv Kuc-h-ta-dnb Imcy-v \ntbm-Kn--
Ww. `ocp--fm-b-hsc B-cnI {]hr-nItf
Gev]n-m-hq.
8. D-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-\pw kaY-\pw ]hn-{X-N-
cn-X\pw A\y-lr-Z-b-hpw `m-hnbpw Idn-bp-
hm Ign-hp--h-\pw kI-e-im-kv{X-\n-]p-W\pw
Imcy-\n-lW Ipi-e\pw Bb Bfns\ ZqX-
\mbn \nb-an--Ww.
9. cmPyIm-cy--fn AXyw Dmlw
{]oXn Fn-h-bp Im]-Sy-c-ln-X-\pw kaY-
\pw ]cn-ip lrZ-b\pw ]p \S-Xv ad-m-
-h-\pw tZi-Im-e--\p-k-cnp {]hn-
p--h\pw kp-c-\pw [oc-\pw henb hmn-
bp- a m- b n- p- - h - \ t{X cmP- Z q- X - \ m- I p- h m
tbmKy.
Bv F-[nImcw
sImSp--W-sap ]d-bpp:
1. AamtXy ZWvU Bbtm ZWvtU
ssh\-bnIo {Inbm. \r]Xu tImi-cm-jvt{S
N ZqtX kn hn]-cysbu..
2. ZqX Gh ln kw[t `n\-ty-h N
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
kwl-Xm\v. ZqX-kvXXvIpcptX Icva- `n-Zyt
tb\ am\hmx..
3. _pzm kcvhw Xtz\ ]c-cm-P-Nn-
Iocvjn-Xav. XYm {]b-Xv\a - m-Xn-jvTvZ - y-Ym-ffflm
\w \ ]oUn-tbXv..
4. [\zZpcvKw alo-ZpcvK-a-_vZpcvKw hmcv-
ta-h hm. \rZpcvKw Kncn-ZpcvKw hm kam-{inXy
htkXv]pcav..
5. GIx iXw tbm[-bXn {]mIm-ctm
[\pcv[cx. iXw Zikl-{kmWn XkvamZv
ZpcvKw hn[o-btX..
6. Xym-Zm-bp-[-k-w [\-[m-t\y\
hmlss\x. {_mssWx inev]n-`n-cy-ss{cy-
h-tk-t\mZtI\ N..
7. Xky at[y kp]-cym]vXw Imc-tbZv Krl-
am-fl\x. Kp]vXw kcvhcvXpIw ip{`w Pe-hr-
-k-a-\zn-Xav..
8. XZ-[ymtkymZztl-Zv`mcymw khcvWmw
eWm\znXmav. Ipte- a-lXn kw`q-Xmw -
lrZymw cq]KpWm-\zn-Xmav..
9. ]ptcm-lnXw N IpcvhoX hrWp-bm-tZh
Ncv X zn- P av . tXfky KrlymWn Icv a mWn
Ipcypcvssh-Xm-\nIm\n N..
(a-\p. 7. 65; 66; 68; 70; 74-78)
1. ZWvU-\m-[n-Imcw apgp-h\pw a{np
sImSp-t--Xm-Wv. hn\-b-{Inb (A-\ym-b-ambn
ZWv U w D]- t bm- K n- m- X n- c n- m thXp
sNp- I ) FXp ZWv U - \ m- [ n- I m- c - n
Ds-Sp-p. `WvUmcw kqn-v, cmjv{So-b-Im-
cy- Fnh cmPm-hns A[o-\-nepw
cmPy- k w- _ - n- b mb Imcy- k`- b psS
Iognepw A\y-cm-Py--tfmSp ssa{Xo hntcm-[-
Im-cy- ZqXs A[n-Im-c-nepw Bbn-cn--
Ww.
2. i{Xp-sf an{X--fm-p-I-bpw an{X-sap
`mhn-p ZpjvSsc AI-p-Ibpw sNp--h-
\t{X ZqX. i{Xp-sf AIn \np
{]hr-n-bmWv ZqX sNt--Xv.
3. k`m-]-Xn, kZ-ky-m, ZqX-m, apX-em-
b-h hntcm-[n-I-fmb A\y-cm-Pm--m-cp-sSbpw
cmPy-n-sbpw bYmY A`n-{]m-b-a-dn-v,
tZmjw hcm--hw thXp sN-Ww.
4. kp-c-amb h\--fp-Xpw [\-[m-\y-k-
--hp-amb {]tZ-iv ([-\pcvZpcvKw) hnm-
107
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
fn-I D]-tcm-[n-p-Xpw (a-lo-ZpcvKw) ap-
sImp sIn-btXm (A-_vZpcvKw) Nppw sh-
ap-tXm (hmcvw) Nppw ImSp-tXm (\r-
ZpcvKw) \mep `mKpw ssk\yw Imh-ep-
tXm (Kn-cn-ZpcvKw) \mep ]pdpw ae-I-fp-
tXm Bb m\v tIm ]Wn- b nv
AXns ay-n \Kcw \nan--Ww.
5. \K-c-ns \mep-Nppw sIm-f-ap
aXn ]Wn-bn-W - w. AXn \np-sImv Hcp
hnm-fn-ho-c\v \qdp i{Xp--sfbpw \qdp hnm-
fn-Iv ]Xn-\m-bncw i{Xp-sfbpw t\cn-Sm
Ign-bpw. AXn-\m tIm-sIm--f- AXym-
h-iy-am-Wv.
6. B tIm, ikv{Xm-kv{X-, [\-[m-\y-
, hml-\-, ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw D]-tZ-in-
p-Ibpw sNp {_m-W, sXmgn-em-fn-I,
\m\m-Xcw b{-, Ip-Im-en-Ip Xnp-
hm-\p ]pv, shw apX-em-b-h-bm kar-
-am-bn-cn--Ww.
7. B tIm-bpsS \Sp-hn cmPm-hn\p thn
shw, hr-, ]pjv] - , Fn-ht- bmSp
IqSn-bXpw khYm kpc-n-Xhpw Fm EXp-
-fnepw kpJ-{]-Zhpw shfp \nd-n-ep--
Xp-amb sImmcw ]Wn-bn--Ww. Cu sImmcw
\mp-Im-cy- apgp-h \S-p-hm ]cym-]vX-
am-bn-cn--Ww.
8. {_-N-cy-{h-X-tm-Sp-IqSn hnZy-I-sfmw
A`y-knv hnhmlw hcp-Xp hsc cmPy-Im-
cy \S--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw kp-cn-bpw
klr-Z-b-bpw D-Xhpw D-a-hp-amb {Xn-
b-Ip-eP - m-Xb
- pw ip`-e
- W
- b- p-b
- pw A`y-kvX-
hn-Zy-bpw KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--fn X\n--\p-cq-
]- b p- a mb I\y- I sb thWw. asm
kv{XoI-sfbpw AK-ay-I-fmbn KWnv ZrjvSn
]Xn-n-p-I-t]mepw sNm-Xn-cn--Ww.
9. cmP-sIm-m-c-n sNt--Xmb An-
tlm-{Xw, ]tjvSn apX-emb Ia- sNp-
-Xn\v ]ptcm-ln-X-m-scbpw EXzn-p-I-sfbpw
\ntbm-Kn--Ww. cmPmhv Ftmgpw cmPy-Im-cy-
n am{Xw _-{i--\m-bn-cn--Ww. kZm
cm-Py-Im-cy- t\mn Du\w hcmsX \S-p-
Xp Xs-bmWv cmPm-hns ktym-]m-k-
\mZn Ia-.
1. kmwh--cn-I-am-]v-ssX cmjv{SmZmlm-
c-tb-Zv_-en-av. kymm-av\m-b-]tcm temtIm
hcvtXX ]nXr-h-r-jq..
cmP-[aw
2. A[y-m\znhn-[m\vIpcym{X X{X
hn]-nXx. tXfky kcvhmWytht-cr
Wmw ImcymWn Ipcvh-Xmav..
3.Bhr- m\mw Kpcp- I p- e m- Z zn- { ]mWmav
]qPtIm `thXv. \r]m-Wm-a-tbm tlyj
\n[ncv{_mtmf`n[o-btX..
4. ktam- - a m- [ ssa cmPm XzmlqXx
]meb\v{]Pmx. \ \nhcvtXX kw{Km-amXvm
{Xw [cva-a-\p-kva-c\v..
5. Bl-thjp antYmft\ym\yw PnLmwk
tm alonXx. bp[y-am-\mx ]cw iym
kzcvKw bmy-]-cm-MvapJmx..
6. \ N- l-\ym-vY-em-cqVw \ o_w \
Ir-Xm-RvP-enav. \ ap--tIiw \mko\w \X-
hm-kvaoXn hmZn-\av..
7. \ kp]vXw \ hn-k-mlw \ \w \ \n-
cm-bp-[-av. \mbp[y-am\w ]iyw \ ]tcW
kam-K-Xav..
8. \mbp-[-hy-k\{]m]vXw \mcvXw \mXn-]-
cn--Xav. \ `oXw \ ]-cm-hrw kXmw [cva-
a-\p-kva-c\v..
9. bkvXp- `oXx ]cm-hrx kw{Kmta l\y-
tX- ]sscx. `cvXp-cy-Zv Zp-jvIrXw Inn-Xv
kcvhw {]Xn-]-ZytX..
10. bmky -kp-IrXw Inn-Z-aq-{XmcvYap
]mcvPn-X-av. `cvXm -X-cvh-am-Zt ]cm-hr--
l-Xky Xp..
11. cYmizw lkvXn\w O{Xw [\-w [m\yw
]-iq\vkv{Xnbx. kcvh{Z-hym-Wn- Ip]yw 6 N
tbm b-bXn Xky- XXv.
12. cm ZZyp-cp-m-c-an-tXyjm sshZn-
Io- {ipXnx. cmm N kcvh-tbmt[t`ym ZmX-
hya-]r-Y-KvPn-Xav..
(a\p. 7.80-82, 87, 89,91-97)
1. hmjn-I-\n-IpXn B]vX-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS
klm-b-tm-Sp-IqSn ]ncn-s-Sp-t--Xm-Wv.
k`-bpsS A[n-]-Xn-bmb cmPmhpw {][m-\-m-
cmb cmP-]p-cp-j-mcpw AS-nb k` thZ-hn-
[n-{]-Imcw P\--tfm-Sv ]nXr-Xpeyw s]cp-am-d-
Ww.
6 kv{XoI hn[-h-I-tfm ]p{X-\-jvS-tam ]nXr-\-jvStam
hp AK-Xn-Itfm Bbm AhcpsS kwc--W-p-a-
Xe Pbn- p- - b m- f n- \ m- W v . hnj- b m- k - n- t bmsS
Ahsc ImW-cp-sXv t\cs ]d-p.
108
 Bdmw kap-mkw
2. \mp-Imcyw \S-p-hm hnhn-[-h-Ip--y-
-msc k` \nb-an--Ww. ap-tZym-K--m
\nb-a-{]-Imcw icn-bmbn {]hn-p-ptm
Fp-t\m-p-Ibpw \nb-am-\p-krXw \S-p--
hsc _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw \nb-a-hn-cp--ambn
{]hn-p-hsc bYm-bpw inn-p-
Ibpw sNp-Xv B Ay--m-cpsS Npa-X-
e-bm-Wv.
3. cmPm--m-cpsS A-b-`-WvUm-c-amWv
thZ-{]-Nm-cw. AXn-\m, thZ-sf {]N-cn-n-
p--Xn\v {_-Ncym-\p-jvTm-\-tm-sS, thZm-
Zn-im-kv{X--f-`y-kn-v, Kpcp-Ip-e-n \nv
aSn hcp--hsc cmPmhpw cmP-k-`bpw BZ-
cn--Ww, AXp-t]mse P\-sf ]Tn-np
hnZzm-m-cm-p ]WvUn-X-m-scbpw BZ-cn--
Ww.
4. Cs\ sNbvXm cmPyn hnZym-`n-
hr-nbpw XZzmcm A`yp-Zb - hpw Dm-Ipw. Xs-
m _e-lo-\t\m X\np Xpeyt\m A[n-
I-_-e-hmt\m Bb i{Xp t]mcn\p hnfn-m,
{]Pm-]-cn-]m-e\w sNp cmPmhv {Xnb
[as kvacn- p- s Imv ]nn- c np
t]mImsX X\np hnPbw e`n----hw
]mS-h-tm-Sp-IqSn t]mcm-S-Ww.
5. t]m-f-n-en-dn At\ym\yw \n{K-ln-
m B{K- l n- p cmPm- - m, kzkm-
ay-a-\p-k-cn-v, t]Sn-m-sXbpw ]nn-cn-bm-
sXbpw t]mcm-Sn-bm am{Xta Pbn-q. AXn-
\m bp-n Hcn-epw hnap-J-\m-I-cp-Xv.
Fm i{Xp-sf tXmev]n-p--Xn\v Nne-
tm ]nam-dp--Xn A\u-Nn-Xy-an-. Fs-
m, FXn-cm-fn-Isf tXmev]n-p-hm F{]-
Imcw km[n-ptam A{]-Imcw sN-Ww. ISpw-
tIm]w ]qv t\cn-tm-Sn-h-cp knwlw W-
t\-cw- sImv ikv{Xm-n-bn `kva-am-bn-o-
cp--Xp-t]mse hnUvVnw sImv A]-I-S-
n s]p \mam-ht- i-j\ - m-Ip-Xv _pn-b
6. bpw sNp-tm shdp-tX- \np--
h-t\bpw \]pw-k-I-n-t\bpw ssIIq-p--h-
t\bpw Xe-apSn Agn-n--h-t\bpw Ccn-p--h-
s\bpw "Rm Asb icWw {]m]n-n-cn-
pp' Fp ]d-bp--h-t\-bpw
7. Dd-n-n-S-p--h-t\bpw tamlm-e-ky-s-
-h-t\bpw \-t\bpw Bbp-[-c-ln-X-t\-bpw
bpw sNp-Xp t\mn-\n-evp--h-t\-bpw
i{Xp-hns Iqp-Im-c-t\-bpw
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
8. Bbp-[{- ]-lc - t- ap ]pf-bp-h- t- \-bpw ZpxJn-
X-t\-bpw h]-cnt--h-t\-bpw kw`o-X-t\-bpw
t]Sn- t m- S p- - h - t \bpw k- \ - - f psS
[atamv Hcn-epw sIm-cp-Xv. A-s\-
bp--hsc ]nSn-v, ]cn-n-m--hsc XS-hn-
emn Ahp `Ww hkv{X- apX-em-
bXp sImSp--Ww. apdn-hp--hsc NnIn-n--
Ww. Ahsc tIm]n-n-p-Itbm ZpxJn-n-p-
Itbm Acp-Xv. bYm-tbm-Ky-amb {]hr-n-I
Ah-sc-smp sNn--Ww. kv{XoI, Ipn-
I, hr-m, BXp-c-m, ZpxJn-X-m Fn-
h-cpsS t\sc Hcn-epw Bbp[w {]tbm-Kn--
cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS asf kzk-m-\--sf-sb--
t]mse cn--Ww. AXp-t]mse kv{XoI-
sfbpw cn--Ww. Ahsc ktlm-Z-cn-amsc
t]msebpw ]p{Xn-am-sc-tm-sebpw hnNm-cn--
Ww. hnj-bm-k-n-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ahsc t\mp-
I-t]mepw sN-cp-Xv. cmPy-n kam-[m\w Dd-
-Xn\p tijw ]noSv FXnp-sav kwi-
b-an-m--hsc km-c-]qw hn-b-bv
Ww. ]noSv FXnp-sap kwi-b-ap--hsc
Fpw Imcm-Kr-l-n Xs ]mn--Ww.
9. t]mcn \np ]nn-cn-bp-Itbm t]Sn-
tm-Sp-Itbm sNp `rXys\ i{Xp- h[n-
m Ah sNbvX ZpjvIr-Xy-n\v ac-W-ti-
jhpw inml Xs.
10. Ah Cl- t em- I - nepw ]c- t em- I -
nepw kpJ-ap-f-hm-p kpIrXw hXpw
sNbvXn-p-s-n AXns\ Ahs bPam-\
Cmbva sNp-p. `b-stmSth h[n--s-
Sp--h\p bmsXmcp kpJhpw Dm-Ip-n-.
Ahs ]pWy-^ew apgp-h\pw \in-p-t]m-Ip-
p. Ahs kpIr-X^ - e
- a
- m-Is [am-\p-krXw
bpw sNp--h\p Inp-p.
11. tXcv, IpXn-c, B\, IpS, s\v, ]Ww,
Ip-Im-en-I, kv{XoI, 7 ap hkvXp-
- . -sfmw s\v, F, apX-emb Ip]y-
Fo ]Zm- - f n hv GtX- s Xmw
GtXXp ]S-bm-fnbpw ]S-\m-b-I\pw Iogvs]-Sp-
ntbm AsXmw Ahchv Ah-Im-i-s--
Xm-Wv. C-d \nb-as Bcpw Hcn-epw
ewLn--cp-Xv.
12. ssk\y-n-ep `S-m Hmtcm-cp-cpw
7 Cu mI-ns AYw cm-a-Xmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
tmIw ]In Fgp-Xnb B hn-Xm-hmw.
109
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
A[o- \ am- nb ]Zm- - f psS ]Xn- \ m- d n-
semcp `mKw cmPm- h n\pw Fm- h cpw IqSn-
tp ]nSn--S-n-bn-p [\-ns ]Xn- l\ym ]cn-]-n\x..
\m- d n- s emcwiw cmPmhv Xs `S- mpw
sImSp--Ww. bp-n acn-p-t]mb `Ss
]v Ahs `mcybvtm atm sImSp-
-Ww. acn--hs `mcy-tbbpw {]m]vXn-bm-
Im km\--sfbpw cn-p-Ibpw a
Imcy-{]m-]vXn-t\-Sp-tm tbmKy-Xm-\p-k-cWw
tPmen sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. cmPy-ns
A`n-hr-n, kpJ-k-ar-n, hnP-bw, nc-{]-
XnjvT Fn-h-sbmw B{K-ln-p-h Cu
\nb-as Hcn-epw ewLn--cp-Xv.
1. A-e_v[w ssNh en]vtkX e_v[w
ctXv {]b-Xv\Xx. cnXw hcv[tb-ssh
hrw ]mt{Xjp \nxn-t]Xv..
(G-X - X
- pcvhn[w hnZymXv]pcp-jmY-{]-tbm-
P-\av. Aky- \n-Xy-a-\p-jvTm\w kayIvIpcym-
Z-X-{n-Xx..) *7)
2. Ae-_v[-an-t--WvtU\ e_v[w ct-
Zthbm. cnXw hcv[t- bZv hrym hrav
Zmt\\ \nxn-t]Xv..
3. Aam-b-ssbh hcvtXX \ IY-w-N\
ambbm. _pty-Xmcn{]bpmw N ambmav-
\nXyw kzkw-hrXx..
4. \mky- On{Zw ]tcm hnZymZznZymn{Zw ]-
c-kyXp Xp. KqtlXvIqcva Chm-MvKm\n ct-
Zzn-hcamfl\x..
5. _I-h - n-t- b-ZcvYm\vknwl-h ]cm-{I-
taXv. hrI-h-m-h-ep-tX ii-h hn\n-jv]-
tX-Xv..
6. Ghw hnP-b-am-\ky tbfky kypx ]cn-
]-n\x. Xm\m-\t- b-Zziw kcvm\vkmam-Zn-`ncp-
]-{Issax..
(bZn tX Xp \ Xnjv t T- b p- c p- ] mssbx
{]Yssakv{Xn`nx. ZWvtUss\h {]kssly
XmwivO\ssIcvh-i-am-\-tbXv..) 8
*7 -6-mw ivtfmI-n-\p-ti-jhpw CXp-t]mse hn-Xmhmw
8 t]Pv 236- 11-mw tmI-ns AY-n I]yw Fp IpcymXv{]hm-k-\av..
ImWp-Xv hymJm-\n-n-n-. kzw shn CXc
teml- apX-em-b-h-sbmw I]y--fm-Wv. IuSn-
eys AY-im-kv{X-n Htsd hkvXp- I]y-
n Fn-bn-p-v. (2.17) ae-bm-f-nse "Ipn'
t]mse hSs Cy-bnse ]e kwkm-c-`m-j-Ifnepw
"Ipm' FXv s\pw Fbpw kw`-cn-p-h - n-cn-p
]m{X-am-Wv. {K-Im-c "Ipm' I]y-ns A]-{`w-i-
am-sWp Icp-Xn-bX - m-hmw.
cmP-[aw
7. btYmZv[cXn \ncvZmXm IIvjw [ym\av
N cIvjXn. XYm cIvtjrt]m cmjv{Sav
8. tamlm-{ZmPm kzcmjv{Sw bx Icvj-b-
Xy-\-thIvjbm. tkmfNn-cmZv {`iytX cmPym-
o-hn-Xm k_m-hx..
9. i-co-c-Icvj-WmXv{]mWmx Ivjobt
{]mWn\mw bYm. XYm cmPvRma]n {]mWmx
Ivjobt cmjv{SIcvj-Wm-Xv..
10. cmjv{Sky kw{Ktl \nXyw hn[m-\-an-Z-
amN-tcXv. kpkw-Kr-lo-X-cmjvt{Sm ln ]mcvYn
hx kpJ-ta-[tX..
11. Zztbmkv{XbmWmw ]m\mw at[y
Kpevaa-[njvTnXw. XYm {Kma-iX - m\mw N Ipcym-
{Zmjv{Sky kw{K-l-av..
12. {Kma-kym-[n-]Xow IpcymZvZi-{Km-a-]Xnw
XYm. hnwi-Xoiw itXiw N kl-{k-]-Xn-
tah N..
13. {KmatZmjm\v k apXv ] m\v { KmanIx
i\ssIx kzbw. iwtkZv {Kma-Z-ti-imb
Ztitim hnwiXoint\..
14. hnwi-Xo-ikvXp Xcvhw itX-imb
\nth-Z-tbXv. iwtkZv {Kma-i-tXikvXp kl-
{k-]-Xtb kzbav..
15. tXjmw {Kmaym-Wn- Im-cymWn ]rY-m-
cym-Wn -ssNh ln. cmtm f \yx kNnhx
kv\nKv[kvXm\n ]tiy-Z-X-{nXx.
16. \Ktc \Ktc ssNIw Ipcym-cvhmcvY
NnIw. Dssx m\w tLmc-cq]w \-
{XmWmanh- {K-lav..
17. k Xm-\-\p-]-cn-{Imta-cvhm-t\h kZm-
kzbw. tXjmw hrw ]cn- W - t b- ay
{Kmjvt{Sjp Xsscx..
18. cmtm ln cm-[n-IrXmx ]c-kzm-
Zm- b n\x iTmx. `rXym `hn {]mtbW
tXt`ym ct-Znamx {]Pmx..
19. tb Im-cyn-tI-t`ym f cvYt- a-h K
- r-lvWobpx
]m]-tN-Xkx. tXjmw kcvh-kz-am-Zmb cmPm
(a-\pkvarXn. 7.99,101,104-107,110,117,120-124)
1. cmPmhpw cmP-k`- bpw kzm[o-\ - n-e
- m
hkv X p- sf km- Z n- m {ian- - W w.
ssIhiw Innb hkvXp-sf cn--Ww.
cn- - X ns\ hn- n- - W w, hn- n
110
 Bdmw kap-mkw
[\s thZ- h n- Z y, [aw Fn- h - b psS
{]NmcWn\pw hnZymYn-I, thZamK-ap-
]- t Z- i n-- p- - h , AwK- ` w- K - m, A\m- Y
Fn-h-cpsS c-bv-mbpw hn\n-tbm-Kn--Ww,
(]p-cp-j-{]-b-Xv\-ns {]tbm-P\w Cs\
\mep hn[-n-em-sWp a\-n-em--Ww. Ae-
kX shSnv Chsb Fpw `wKn-bmbn A\p-
jvTn--Ww.)
2. A{]m-]vX-am-b-Xns\ ZWvUw sImp
t\Sp-Ibpw t\Sn-b-Xns\ \nXyw t\mn cn-
p-Ibpw cn--Xns\ ]eni hmnbpw apw
hn-n-p-I-bpw hn-n [\s ap]d-
-{]-Imcw sNe-h-gn-p-Ibpw thWw.
3. BtcmSpw Hcn-epw Im]Syw ImWn--
cpXv, Znh-kw-tXmdpw kzc sNp-Ibpw i{Xp-
-fpsS NXn-{]-tbm-K--f-dnv Ahbvv ]cn-
lm-c-ap-m-p-Ibpw thWw.
4. kzw _e-lo-\X i{Xp--f-dn-bm--
hw ad-bvp-Ibpw i{Xp--fpsS Zu_eyw
Adn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNWw. Ba
Xs AwK-sf adp hbvpXp-t]mse
i{Xp- {]th- i n- m- h p Zzmc- sf
tKm]\w sNbvXp hbv-W-w.
5. sImv [ym\-n-ep-d-n-cpv ay-sf
]nSn-p-hm Xcw t\mp--Xp-t]mse hn
km-Z\ - - n-\p Btem-N\ - I - sNbvXp-sIm-
n-cn--Ww. [\m-Zn-I kw`-cn-v, _ew hn-
n-v, i{Xp-sf Pbn-p--Xn knwl-t-
tmse ]cm-{Iaw {]Zin-n--Ww. ]pen-sb-
tmse Hfn-n-cpv FXn-cm-fn-Isf ]nSn--Ww.
Xs-m in-tb-dnb i{Xp- hcp-tm
apb- e n- t \- t mse HmSn- b - I - p- t ]m- I p- I bpw
]noSv Ahsc NXnp ]nSn-p-Ibpw thWw.
6. C{]-Imcw hnP-bn-p-hm-gp k`m-]-Xn-
bpsS cmPy-nse ]cn-]-n-Isf (I--m-
scbpw Ih-m-sc-bpw) (km-a) CW-nbpw
(Zm- \ ) hXpw- s Im- S ppw (t`- Z ) Xn
npw hi-m--Ww. (A-s\ hi-m-
Im--h-cp-sn Ahsc AXn-I-Tn-\-amb
in-sImv {ItaW hi-sSp-Ww)
7. hnf-sh-Sp-p--h ]Xncp Ifv [m\yw
am{Xw FSp-p--Xp-t]mse cmPmhv I--m-
scbpw Ih-m-scbpw sImv cmPys
cn-t--Xm-Wv.
8. Adn- h n- m- b v a - s Impw t\m- p- d - h p-
sImpw Xs cmPys Zp-e-am-p
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
cmPm-hv, Xs cmPy-tmSpw _p-P-\--
tfmSpw IqSn AIm-e-p-Xs \in-p-p.
9. icocw oWn-n-m {]mW-bw hcp-
tmse P\-sf Ai--cm-p--Xp-sImv
cmPm--m-cpsS {]mW-\mb tk\m-_-e-hpw
apw _p-P\ klnXw \in-p-p.
10. AXn-\m cmPmhpw cmP-k-`bpw \mp-
Im-cy- `wKn-bmbn \S-p-hm ]cn-{i-an--
Ww. {]Pm-]-cn-]m-e-\-n Fm-hn-[-nepw
PmK-cq-I-\m-bn-cn-p cmPm-hn\v kpJw hn-
p-sIm-t-bn-cn-pw.
11. ctm aqtm Atm \qtdm {Kma-
v Hcp cmPy-Im-cym-ebw m]n-v, AXn
Bh-iy-n\v DtZym-K--msc \nb-anp \mp-
Im-cy- \S-t--Xm-Wv.
12. Hmtcm {Kma-nepw Hmtcmtcm {][m-\nsb
\nb-an--Ww. ]p {Kma--fpsS tatm-bva-
bvmbn Hcm, Ccp-]Xp {Kma--fpsS tae-[n-
Im-cn-bmbn thsdm-cm, \qdp {Kma-fpsS tae-
t\z-j-W-n\v Hcm, Bbncw {Kma--fpsS
A[n-]-Xn-bmbn thsdm-cm Cs\ A[n-Im-
cn-Isf \nb-an-W - w. Hmtcm {Kma-nepw Hmtcm
{]hym-sc-bpw ]p {]hr-n-I Iqn-
tv Hcp A[n-Im-cn-sbbpw cp A[n-Im-cn-
Iv Hcp tae-[n-Im-cn-sbbpw Ap-ta-e-[n-
Im-cn-Iv Hcp Xl-ioZm-scbpw ]p Xl-
io-en\v Hcp Pn-tbbpw \n-bn-n-p-Xv a\p-
kvarXn apX-emb [a imkv{X--fn ]d-n-
p cmPy `c- W - c oXn A\p- k - c n- m- s W-
w.
13. C{]- I mcw \nb- a n- n- v, Hmtcm
{]hymcpw Xs {Kma-n Znh-ktmdpw
kw`- h n- p Imcy- AXmXpZnhkw
Xs KqV-ambn A[n-Imcnsb Adn-bn--W-
sapw A[n-Imcn Xs Iogn-ep ]p {Kma-
-fp-sSbpw h-am\w Znh-tk\ tae-[n-Im-
cnsb Adn-bn--W-sapw hyh sN-Ww.
14. tae-[n-Imcn Xs A[n-Im-c - n-ep Ccp-
]Xp {Kma--fnse h-am\w Xl-ioZmsc
Znh-kw-tXmdpw Adn-bn--Ww. AXp-t]mse
Xl-ioZm Xs Iogn-ep \qdp {Kma--
fnse kw`-h--sfmw Pnm -A[n-Im-cnsb Znh-
khpw Adn-bn--Ww, Pnm-[n-Im-cn-I Zi-Pn-
m-[n-Im-cn-tbbpw Zi-Pn-m-[n-Im-cn, Zi-kl
- {- km-
[n-]X - n-sb-bpw Zi-kl
- {- km-[n-]X
- n-I e-{Km-
am-[n-]-Xn-sb-bpw e-{Km-am-[n-]Xn cmP-k-`-sb-
111
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
bpw h-am-\- {]Xn-Zn\w Adn-bn-t--
Xm-Wv. A-s\-Xs - , Fm cmP-k`- I - fpw alm-
cm-Pk
- ` - bvv kmh-`ua\mb N{I-hn-bpsS
k`-bn-te-v--`q-tKm-f-n-ep kIe hrm-
-fpw Adn-bn-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww.
15. ]Xn-\m-bncw {Kma--f-S-nb Hmtcm hn`m-
K-n\pw {]tXyIw Cu cp k`m-]-Xn-Isf
\nb-an-W - w. Ah-cn-sem-cm cmP-k`- b - n-en-cpv
Xs A[n-Im-c - n-ep kwm-\s kw_-
n Imcy- \S--Ww. at-bm aSn-Iq-
SmsX \mSp-tXmdpw k-cn-p-sImv \ymbm-
[n-]Xn apX-emb cmP-`r-Xy-m-cpsS {]hr-n-
Isf kZm ]cn-tim-[n-p- sIm-n-cn--Ww.
16. Hmtcm henb ]-W-nepw Imcymtem-
N-\-k` IqSp-hm-\mbn at\m-l-chpw AXyp--
X-hpw hnim-e-hpw N{-s\-tmse [h-f-hW-
ap Hmtcm ancw \nan-t--Xm-Wv. hnZym-
hr--m B k`m-a-n-c--fn-en-cpp cmPy-Im-
cy-sf kw_-n-p Btem-N-\-I \S-
n-sm-n-cn--Ww.
17. KqV-k-mcw sNp Nmc-m-sc-m-
hcpw tZiw-tXmdpw k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p
k`m- y- s Iogn- e m- b n- c n- - W w. Ah
{Xn-btcm Am--htcm BImw. {]P-I-fp-
sSbpw cmPy-`r-Xy-m-cp-sSbpw kI-e-Kp-W-tZm-
j- - t fbpw Nm- c - m- c n \nv KqV- a mbn
Adnv A]-cm-[n-Isf inn-p-Ibpw KpW-
hm-msc _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw sNt--Xm-Ip-
p.
18. [man-I-cpw hnZzm-m-cpw Ipeo-\-cpw kp]-
co-n-Xcpw Bb-hp am{Xta {]Pm kwc-
-Wm[n-Imcw cmPmhv \Im-hq. Ah-cpsS
Iogn-ep--h km[m-c-W-bmbn iT-mcpw ]c-
{Zhyw A]-lc - n-p-h - c- p-am-bn-cn-pw. cmP-`r-Xy-
m-cmbn Ah-scbpw \nb-anv Zpjv-{]-hr-n-I-
fn \np ]namm {ian--Ww. Ah-cpsS
tae-[n-Im-cn-I-fmbn hnZzm-msc \nb-anv Ah-
cpsS D]-{Z-h--fn \nv {]P-Isf cn--
Ww.
19. hmZn-bp-sS-bpw {]Xn-bp-sSbpw ssIn
\nv ssIqen hmn, \oXn-\ymbw \S-p-
-Xn ]-]mXw ImWn-p cmP-`r-Xys
kzp apgp-h\pw Ip-sIn X-in-bpw
\In \mSp-IS- - W - w. As\ in \Im-
Xn-cp-m Abmsf A\p-I-cnv ap--hcpw
Agn-aXn XpS-pw. inn-p ]w ap--
cmP-[aw
h Agn-aXn XpS-p-I-bn-. Fm \oXn-
\ymbw \S-p B cmP-`r-Xy--m-cpsS ta-
Po-hn-X-n\pw [\-k-m-Z-\-n\pw Bh-iy-am-
b{X [\tam `qkztm cmPy-n \np
amk-i - f- t- am hmjn-Im-i\
- a
- mtbm As-n
Hm- b np Xstbm sImSp- t - - X m- W v .
hm-Iy-n Ah-cpsS thX-\ - n ]IpXn
hoXw sImSp- - W w. Fm Ahp
\evIp ASp-q Pohn-n-cn-p-t-Stmf-
a-msX ac-W-tijw XpS-c-cp-Xv. Fm, Ah-
cpsS km-\ - v tbmKy-Xm-\p-kc - Ww BZ-
chpw DtZym-Khpw \Ip-Xv Bhiyw Xs-
bm-Wv. {]m]vXn-bm-Im Ipn-I-fp-s-n
Ahpw `mcy Pohn-n-cn-p-s-n Ah
pw Ah- - b v s m- - h w \nXy- h rn
\nh-ln-p--Xn-\p [\w `WvUm-c-n
\np Xs \I-Ww. Fm Ah Zpcm-
Nm-cn-I-fm-sW-n Hpw sImSp--cp-Xv. Cu
\bs cmPmhv icn-bmbn cn-t--Xm-Wv.
Icw ]ncn-hv
1. bYm ^te\ bqtPyX cmPm Icvm N
Icva-Wm-av. XYmfthy \rt]m cmjv{Sw
Iev]tb--XXw Icm\v..
2. bYmev]m f ev]a-Zym ff Zyw hmtcym-
tIm-hjSv]Zmx. XYm- f ev]m f evt]m {Klo-
X-thym cmjv{Sm-{Zmm_vZnIx Icx..
3. t\mn-Zym-Zm-flt\m aqew ]tcjmw NmXn-
Xr-jvWb - m. Dn-lym-flt\m aqe-am-flm\w
Xmw ]oU-tbXv..
4. XovW-ssh arZp kymXvImcyw
hoy alo- ] Xnx. Xov W ssh arZp-
ssh cmPm `hXn kwaXx.
5. Ghw kcvhw hn[m-tbZ-anXnIcvhy
amfl\x. bp-ss-hm-{]-a- ]cn-c-t-
Znamx {]Pmx..
6. hnt{Im-itym bky cmjv{SmZv{[nbt
Zkyp`nx {]Pmx. kw]-iyXx k`rXyky arXx
k \ Xp PohXn..
7. {Xn-bky ]tcm [cvax {]Pm-\m-tah
]me-\-av. \ncvZn-jvS-^-e-t`mm ln cmPm
[cvtaW bqPytX..
(a-\pkvarXn. 7.128,129,139,140,142-144)
1. cmPm-hv, cmP-`r-Xy-m, {]P-I, sXmgn-
em-fn-I Fn-hsmw kpJ-ap-m-I---
hw cmPmhpw cmP-k-`bpw IqSn Btem-Nnp
112
 Bdmw kap-mkw
\mn \nIpXn \n-bn-t--Xm-Wv.
2. ]ip-p-n, hv Fnh `Ws
Aev ] m- e v ] - a mbn Dsm- p- - X p- t ]mse
cmPmhv \mp-Im-cn \nv Bp-tXmdpw AXy-
ev]-amb \nIpXn am{Xta ]ncn-s-Sp-m-hq.
3. AXym-{Klw \nanw Ah-\-h-sbpw
A\y-cp-sSbpw kpJ-ns aqe-Im-c-Ws
Hcn-epw thtcmSp IqSn apdnp Ifv \in-
n-c - p-Xv. Fs-m ]pcp-j{- ]-bX - v\t- bpw
kpJ-tbpw D-q-e\w sNp--h Ah-\-h-
s\--sbpw A\y-m-tcbpw ZpxJn-n-p-I-
bmWv sNp--Xv.
4. cmPmhv kabw t\mn XovW kz`m-
hntbm arZp kz`m-hntbm BI-Ww. ZpjvS-tcmSv
{Iqc-ambpw \-h-tcmSp kuay-ambpw s]cp-am-
dp cmPmhv _lp-am-\y-\m-Ip-p.
5. cmPmhv C{]-Imcw \mp-Im-cy- \S-p-
hm-\p- Gm-Sp-I-sfmw sNbvXv, kZm {]am-
Z-c-ln-X-\mbn k{iw {]P-Isf ]cn-]m-en-t-
-Xm-Wv.
6. cmPmhpw cmP-`r-Xy-mcpw t\mn-bn-cns
B-cmb P\-f - psS {]mW[-\m-Zn-I A]-
l-cnv sImp-t]m-Ip ]w B cmPmhv
a{n-am-tcmSp IqSn \in-p-t]m-b-XmbnmWv a\-
n-em-t--Xv, Pohn-n-cn-p-p-s--. B
alm-cm-Pmhv alm-Zpx-Ja - \
- p-`h
- n-m-sX-bn-cn-n-.
7. cmPm--m-cpsS ]c-a-amb [aw {]Pm-]-
cn-]m-e\w Xs-bm-Wv. a\p-kvar-Xn-bn Ggm-
a-[ym-b - n ]d-n-p \nIp-Xn-]n-cnhp \nb-
a-tbpw k`m-m-]\ \nb-a-tbpw A\p-
k-cnv {]hn-p cmPmhp [a-tmSp
IqSn-b-h\pw kpJ-a-\p-`-hn-p--h\pw BIpw.
AXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn {]hnm ZpxJn-p-
Ibpw sNpw.
Zn-\-N-cy
1. Dmb ]nta bmta IrX-iuNx kam-
lnXx lpXm-n{_m--Wmw-my {]hn-
ti ip`mw k`mav
2. X{X nXmx {]Pmx kmx {]Xn-\y
hnkP tbXv hnkrPy N {]Pmx khm a{-
tb-l a{n`nx
3. Kncn-]rjvTw kamcply {]kmZw hm
ctlm-KXx ActWy \nxi-emtI hm a{-tb-
Z-hn-`m-hnXx
4. bky a{w \ Pm\n kam-Kay ]rY-
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
KvP\mx k Irv\mw ]rYn-how-tX tImi-lo-
t\m]n ]mYnhx (a\p. 7145-148)
cmPmhp cm{Xn-bpsS Ay-bm-am-cw-`-n
DWs-gp-t-v, ico-c-ipn hcp-n, Cuiz-
c-[ym-\-hpw, An-tlm-{Xhpw sNbvXv [man-I-
m-cmb hnZzm-msc kevI-cn--Xns tijw
`Ww Ignv Ac-a-\-bn-ep cmP-k-`-bn
{]th-in--Ww.
2. AhnsS hv \np P\-sf _lp-
am-\nv XncnsI Ab--Xn\p tijw {][m-\-a-
{n-tbm-Sp-IqSn cmPy-Im-cy-hn-Nmcw sN-Ww.
3. ]noSv a{n-tbmSp IqSn \S-m t]mI-
Ww. ae-ap-I-fn-tem, GIm--Kr-l-ntem apn-
m CS-Xq ImSp-I-fn-tem, GIm---
etm sNn-cpv \njv] - \ - mbn IqSn-bm-tem-
Nn--Ww.
4. ap--h F{X {ian-mepw KqV-Im-cy-
Adn-bm km[n-m-, Ko-cy-hpw, ]cn-
ip--hpw, ]tcm-]-Im-cmY-hp-amb Kp]vX-hn-Nm-
c--fp cmPmhv [\-lo-\-\m-sW-nepw `qa-
WvUew AS-n-hm-gp-hm kaY-\m-bn-cn-pw.
AXn-\m cmPmhv k`mw-K--f-\p-h-Zn-p--
Xn\p appv bmsXmpw btYjvSw sN-cp-Xv.
k-n--bpw apX-em-b-h
1. Bk\w ssNh bm\w N knw hn{Kl-
ta-hN Imcyw hoy {]bp-oX ssZz[w
kw{i-b-ta-hN.
2. knw Xp Zznhn[w hnZym-{ZmPm hn{K-l-
ta- h N Dt` bm\m- k t\ ssNh Zznhn[x
kw{ibx kvarXx.
3. kam-\-bm-\-Iam N hn]-co-X-kvX-ssY-
hN XYm XzmbXn kwbpx
knttbm Zzne-Wx
4. kzbw IrX ImcycvY-a-Imte Ime
Gh hm an{Xky ssNhm-]-IrtX Zznhnt[m
hn{Klx kvarXx.
5. GIm-In-\-m-Xy-bntI Imtcy {]m]vtX
bZr-bm kwl-Xky N ant{XW Zznhn[w
bm\-ap-Ny-tX.
6. oWky ssNh {Iatim ssZhmXv
]qh- I r- t X\hm. an{Xky Nm\p- t cm- t [\
Zznhn[w kvarXamk-\av.
7. _eky kzman- \ - s sh nXnx
Imcym kntb. Zznhn[w IoXytX
113
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
ssZz[w jmUvKpWyKpW-th-Zn`nx
8. AY-k-m-Z-\mYw N ]oUy-am\x k
i{Xp`nx. km[pjp hy]-tZ-imcvYw Zznhn[x
kw{i-bx-ka - rXx. bZm-hK
- t- -Zm-bX
- ym-am-[nIyw
{[ph-am-fl\x XZmtXz Nmev]nImw ]oUmw
XZm-knw kam-{i-tbXv.
10. bZm {]lrm at\yX kcvhmkvXp
{]Ir-Xo`r-iav AXyp-{nXw XYm-flm-\w-XZm
IpcvhoX hn{K-lav.
11. bZm at\yX `mth\ lrjvSw ]rjvSw
_ew kzIav. ]cky hn]-coXw N XZm bmbm-
{Zn]pw {]Xn.
12. bZm Xp kymXv]-cn-otWm hml-t\\
_te\ N XZm-koX {]b-Xvt\\ i\ssIx
kmwXz-b--co.
13. at\y-Xmcnw bZm cmPm kcvh-Ym-_-e-h-
cw XZm Zzn[m _ew IrXzm km[-tb-XvIm-
cy-am-fl\x.
14. bZm ]c-_-em\mw Xp Ka-\o-b-Xtam
`thXv XZm Xp kw{i-tbXv n{]w [mcvanIw
_en\w \r]av.
15. \n{Klw {]Ir-Xo-\mwN IpcymtZmfcn_-
eky N D]- t k- h X Xw \nXyw kh- b -
Xvss\cvKpcpw bYm.
16. bZn X{Xm]n kw]-tiy-tmjw kw{i-b-
Im-cn-Xav. kpbp--tah X{Xm]n \ncvhn-iwIx.
kam-N-tc-Xv.
1. (B-k\ - w) ncX (bm-\w) i{Xp-t- fmSp
bpw sNbvhm t]mhpI (k-nx) Ah-tcmSv
kn sNpI (hn-{K-lx) ZpjvS-i-{Xp--tfmSp
bpw sNpI (ssZz-[w) ssk\ys cmbn
hn`-Pnv hnPbw t\SpI (kw-{i-bw) _e-lm\n
hcp-tm {]_-e-\mb thsdmcp cmPm-hns\
B{i-bn-pI Fn-s\ Bdp hn[-n-ep
I--tfbpw bYm-tbmKyw Imcy-hn-Nmcw
sNbvXv bp-am-bXp kzoI-cn--Ww.
2. kn, hn{K- l w, bm\w, Bk- \ w,
ssZz[o-`mhw kw{ibw Fnh Cucp Xc-
n-ep-v. Ah-tb-sXv cmPmhp \mbn Adn-
b-Ww.
3. kn: i{Xp--tfmSp IqSn kvt\l-am-
bn-cn-p-I, AYhm XZzn-]-co-X-ambn {]hn-
p-I, h-am-\-Im-e-nepw `mhn-Im-epw
sNt-Xp \nhnLv\w sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn--
Ww. CXmWv cp-Xcw kn-I.
cmP-[aw
4. hn{Klw : kzw Imcy-kn-nv HuNn-
Xyhpw A\u-Nn-Xyhpw t\mmsX sNp
bpw, an{X-n-t\mSv A]-cm[w sNp i{Xp-
hn-t\m-Sp t]mcmw Fn-s\ cp hn[-
n-emWv hn{K-lw.
5. bm\w: Fs-nepw Imcyw km[n-p-
-Xn\v GIm-In-bmbn s]sp i{Xp-hns
t\sc t]mcn\p ]pd-s-SpI; _p--tfmSp
IqSn i{Xp-hns\ B{I-an-m Hcp-n-p-d-s-
SpI Fn-s\ bm\w cp-hn-[-n-ep-v.
6. Bk\w: GsX-nepw Imc-W-h-im
{ItaW Zp_-e-\m-hp-I, an{X- XS-p-
\np-I-bm kzm-\p Xs \nevpI
Fn-h-bmWv Zznhn-[m-k-\-.
7. ssZz[o-`mhw: Imcyw t\Sp-hm tk\m-
]-Xn-I-tfbpw ssk\y-tbpw cmbn hn`-
Pnp hnPbw t\Sp-t{X cp-Xcw ssZz[w.
8. kw{ibw: Imcy-kn-nv _e-hm-\mb
cmPm-hns\ B{i-bn-p-I. AYhm alm-flm-
hns\ icWw {]m]n-pI Fnh sNbvXv
i{Xp-]o-U-bn \nsm-gn-bp--Xns\ cp-hn-[-
n-ep kw{i-bw--B-{ibw Fp ]d-bp-p.
9. Xmew bpw sNbv X m Ipdp
\jvSw kw`-hn-p-sapw bpw \on-h-m
\n-ba - mbpw hnP-bhpw A`n-hr-nbpw DmIp-
sapw ImWp- t m i{Xphnt\mSv kn-
sNbvXv DNn-X-amb Ah-kcw ]mv ss[cy-
am-bn-cn--Ww.
10. Xs cmPy-n-ep kIe P\-fpw
ssk\yhpw kp-jvScpw ]ptcm-Ka - t\mp-Jcpw
t{ijvT-cp-am-sWpw Xm\pw A{]-Im-c-ap--h-
\m-sWp tXmp-Ibpw sNp-tm am{Xta
i{Xp-hn-t\mSv bp-n\p ]pd-s-Sm-hq.
11. Xs ssk\yw kp-jvSnbpw ]pjvSnbpw
{]k- - X - b p- - X m- b n- c n- bpw adnv i{Xp-
ssk\yw Zp_-ea - m-sWp ImWp-Ibpw sNp-
tm i{Xp-hn-t\mSv bp-n\p ]pd-s-S-Ww.
12. Xs ssk\yhpw hml-\-fpw oW-
Z-isb {]m]n-p-tm i{Xp-sf aw aw
kmz-\w-sNbvXv bpw \nn ]nhm-W - w.
13. i{Xp A[nIw _e-hm-\m-sWv Adn-bp-
tm cmPmhp Xs ssk\ys cmbn hn`-
Pnv Xs Imcyw km[n-Ww.
14. _e-hm-\mb i{Xp Xmakw IqSmsX
B{I-an-p-sav Adnhp Inn-bm-ep-Ss\ [man-
114
 Bdmw kap-mkw
I\pw _e-hm-\p-amb asmcp cmPm-hns\ AXn-
thKw B{i-bn--Ww.
15. Xm B{i-bn cmPmhv ssk\y-_ew
sImp i{Xp-ssk-\ys Xpc-p-hm i-
\m-sW-n At-ls Kpcp-Xp-ey-\mbn KWn-
v, \nXyhpw Ign-bpw-hw tkhn--Ww.
16. B{i- b n- - b m- f ns {]hr- n- I - f n
tZmjw Im Abm-tfmSpw \nhn-iw bpw
sNp-I-Xs thWw Hcn-epw [man-I-\mb
cmPm-hns\ FXn-cp-Xv. Ftmgpw aa-X-bn-em-
bn-cn--Ww.
1. kcvthm-]m-ssb-kvXYm Ipcym-o-Xnx
]rYn- h o- ] Xnx bYm- k ym- ` y- [ nIm \kyp
ant{Xm-Zm-ko-\-i-{Xhx.
2. BbXnw kcv-Im-cymWmw XZmXzw \
hnNm-c-tb-Xv. AXo-Xm\mw N kcvthjmw
KpW-tZmju N XzXx.
3. BbXymw KpW-tZm-j kvXZmtXz
n{]-\n-bx AXotX Imcy tijx
i{Xp-`ncvm-`n-`q-b-tX.
4. bssY\w \m`n-kw-Z-[ypcvan-t{Xm-Zm-ko\
i{Xhx XYm kcvw kwhn-Z-[ym-tZj kmam-
kntIm \bx
1. \oXn--\mb cmPm-hv, i{Xp-, ay-
-m, an{X- Fn-h Xt-m-f-[nIw
_e-hm-\m-Im-Xn-cn-m\p D]m-b--sfmw
sNbvXp-sIm--Ww.
2. ]v sNbvX-Xpw, Ctm sNp--Xpw,
C\n sNtXp-amb Fm Imcy--fp-sSbpw
KpW-tZm-j--sf-n bYmY-ambn Nnn--
Ww.
3. ]noSv tZmj-]-cn-lm-c-n\pw KpW-
mbn-bm-m\pw bXv\ n--W w. `mhn- bn
sNm t]mIp Imcy--fpsS KpW-tZm-j-
{in-p--h\pw Ctm sNt-Xv DS-
\Sn sNp- - h \pw sNbv X p- I - g n- - X ns
_mn Fp-sN--W-sa--dn-bp--h-\p-amb
cmPmhv Hcn-epw tXmp-I-bn-.
4. an{Xw, \njv]-, i{Xp Fn-h-cmcpw
cmPm-hn-t\tbm {]P-I-tf-tbm his-Sp-m-sX-
bn-cn-m cmP-`r-Xy-mcpw hninjy k`m-]-Xn-
bmb cmPmhpw kh-{]-Im-tc-Wbpw {]hn-
t- - X m- W v . CXp- X - s - b t{X cmPy- X - { -
ns Npcp-w.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
bp--n-s\m-cp-w
1. IrXzm-hn-[m\w aqte Xp bm{XnIw N
bYm-hn[n. D]-Kr-lym-kv]Zw ssNh Nmcm
kay-Kzn-[mb N.
2. kwtim[y {Xnhn[w amcvKw jSvhn[w N
_ew kzI-av. kmw]-cm-bn-I-I-evt]\ bmbm-Z-
cn-]pcw iss\x.
3. i{Xp-tk-hn\n ant{XN KqtV bpIX
Xtcm-`-thXv KX-{]-Xym-KtX ssNh kln-I-
jvS-X-tcm-cn]px.
(hn-hn[ hyql-)
4. ZWvU-hyq-tl\ Xamcvw bmbmp
iI-tS\ hm. hcm-l-a-I-cm`ymw hm kqNym
hm Kcp-tU\ hm.
5.bX `b-am-iw-tI-tXm hnkvXmc
tbXv _e-av. ]tfl\ ssNh hyqtl\ \nhn-
i-tb-XkZm kzb-av.
6. tk\m-]Xn _em-yIvtj, kcvh Znp
\nth-i-tb-Xv, bX `b-am-i-tXv {]mNow
Xmw Iev]-tb-o-i-av.
7. Kpevamw m]-tb-Zm-]vXm IrX
kwm ka-Xx mt\ bpt N Ipi-
em-\-`ocq-\hn-Im-cn-Wx.
8. kwl- Xm tbm[- t b- Z - e v ] m Imaw
hnkv X mc tbZv _lq kqNym ht{PW
ssNssh Xm hyqtl\ hqly tbm[-tbXv
9. ky-\mssizx kta bpty Z\qt]
s\uZzn- s s]- k v X Ym hr- K p- e v a m- h rtX
Nmss]-c-kn-Ncvam-bpss[x te.
10. {]lj- t b- Z v _ ew hyql Xmw
kayIv ]co--tbZv. tNjvSm-ssh hnPm-
\o-bm-Z-co tbm[-b-Xm-a]n.
11. D]-cp[ym-cn-am-koX cmjv{Sw Nmtkym]
]oU-tbXv Zqjtbmky kXXw bh-km-
tm-Z-tI--\av.
12. `nZym-ssh XUm-Km\n {]mIm-c-]cn
JmkvXYm. ka-h-kvI--tb-ss\w cm{Xu
hn{Xm-k-tb-Ym.
(]-cm-Pn-X-t\m-Sp s]cp-am-w)
13. {]am-Wm\n N IphoX tXjmw [cvam
\ytYm-Zn-Xm. cXvss\ ]qP-tb-tZ\w {][m-
\-]p-cpssjx kl.
14. BZm-\a - {- ]n-bI
- cw Zm\ {]nb-Im-cI - av
115
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
A`o-]vknXm-\m-acvYm\mw Imte bpw {]i-
kytX.
(a-\p. 7. 184-192;194196; 203;204)
1. bp-n\p ]pd-s-Sp-tm cmPy-c--
bvp-th--sXmw sNbvXv ssk\yw, bm\-
, hml-\-, ikv{X-, Akv{X-
apX-emb kma-{Kn-Is - fmw kw`-cnv \mep-]mSpw
Nmc-msc KqV-ambn Ab--Xn\p tijw ]pd-
s-S-Ww.
2. aqp-am- AXm-bXv ew--I-c,
Pew kap{Zw \Zn apX-em-b-h, BImiw Fn-
h-bnse amK- sXfn-bnv Ic-bn tX,
IpXn- c , B\ Fn- h - b nepw sh- n
tXmWn I XpS-n-bh - b
- nepw BIm-i
hnam-\-nepw Ib-dn-tm-I-Ww. B\ IpXn-c,
tX Imem Fo NXp-cw-K-S Akv{X-i-
kv{Xm-Zn-I, `-W-t]-b- Fn-h-tbmSp
IqSn Fs-nepw ImcWw ]d-p-sIm-v
i{Xp-\K- c
-
- ns kao-]tv aw aw \o-
Ww.
3. Hfn-hmbn i{Xp-]--n tN-h\pw
]pdta ssa{Xn-]p-ep--h\pw Xs \o-
sf KqV-ambn i{Xp-hns\ Adn-bn-t-m-
sap kwi-bn-m-hp-X - p-amb Bfns km-
c-nepw Ah-t\mSp kw`m-jWw sNp--
Xnepw {in--Ww. AIta i{Xphpw ]pdta
an{Xhpw Bb-h-\t{X alm-i-{Xp.
4. cmPmhv kIe cmP-`r-Xy-m-scbpw bp-
hnZy A`y-kn-n--Ww. Xm\pw A`y-kn--Ww,
{]P-I-tfbpw ]Tn-n--Ww. ]qh-in-n-X-cmb
`S-mp am{Xta \-hw bpw sNm\pw
sNn-m\pw Ign-bq. A`y-kn-n--p-tm (Z-
WvU-hyq-l) ZWvUm-Ir-Xn-bn hyqlw Na-
bvpI (i-I-S) iI-Sm-Ir-Xn-bn tk\ hn\y-
kn-pI (h-cm-l-hyq-l) ]n-I Hns
]nmse asm- mbn HmSp- I bpw CS- b v n-
bbvv Hn-p-tNv Iq-ambn \np-Ibpw
sNp--Xp-t]mse ssk\ys \S-p-Ibpw
\np-Ibpw sNp-I. (a-I-c-hyq-l) apXe
sh- n \on- t m- I p- - X p- t ]mse
ssk\ys \S-p-I. (kq-Nn-hyq-l) kqNn-
bpsS ap\ hw Ipdpw Ipg \q Ib-cp-
hm X-hw IqSnbpw Ccn-p--Xp-t]mse
hn\y-kn-p-I. Fn-s\ hyql--sfmw
A`y- k n- n- v , Kcp- U - s \- t mse Dbpw
XmWpw kwl-cn-m ]Tn-n--Ww.
cmP-[aw
5. B{I-aW `ojWn \ne-\n-evp-n-Sv
ssk\ys \n-Ww. cmPmhv ]S-\m-b-I-
msc \mep ]pdpw \nn ]fl-hyqlw
\nan-v Xma-c-q-hns B-Ir-Xn-bn ssk\y-
s- ppw \nn AXns ay- n
\nev-Ww.
6. ssk\ym-[n-]-m-scbpw hoc-m-cmb `S-
m-scbpw Fp Znp-I-fnepw \n-Ww. GXp
`mKp bpw Dm-Iptam B `mK-tv A`n-
ap-J-ambn ssk\ys Xncnp \n-Ww.
ap `mK--fnepw cm-k-m-l- Dm-
bn-cn--Ww. Fs-m GXp `mKp \npw
i{Xp-hns B{I-aWw Dm-Imw.
- n 7. bp-hn-Zy-bn kpin-n-Xcpw [man-I-
cpw, B{I- a - W nepw {]Xn- t cm- [ - nepw
kaYcpw \n`-bcpw AN--e-a-\-kv-cpw,
kvXw`w t]mse Ipep--a--h-cp-amb ssk\n-
Isc ssk\y-ns \mep `mKpw \n-
Ww.
8. F-n Ipd-hm-b-h F-n IqSn-
b-h-tcmSv bpw sNtn hcptm kwLw
tNv bpw sNt--Xm-Wv. Xcw Inp-sa-
n B Ipdp ]S- b m- f n- I sf thK- n
AIn A[nIw ep \n-Ww. ]-W-
ntem tIm-bntem i{Xp-ssk-\y-ntem IS-
p-sNp bpw sNt-n-h-cp-tm kqNn-
hyqlw sImtm h{P-hyqlw sImtm Ccp-
]p-dhpw aq-bpff ISp-n-e-sImv CSpw
hepw shn--bdn bpw sN-Ww. {]th-
in- p- I - g npw ]e- X cw hyql- Nav
bpw sN-Ww. FXn`m-K-p-\npw ]oc-n-
sImtm tXmp-sImtm B{I-an-p-p-s-
n k]-hyqlw sImv- k - ]w t]mse \ne-
n-gp \on-sm-v FXnp Ib-dW - w.
]oc-n-bpsS ASp-p-sN-m Ahn-sS-bp--
hsc sImp-I-tbm, _n-p-Itbm sNbvXv
]ocn i{Xp--fpsS t\sc Xncn-v, i{Xp-ssk-
\ys sImsm-Sp--Ww. As-n hr-P-
\-sf IpXn-c-p-dp Ibn ]oc-n-bpsS
t\sc HmSnp sImn--Ww. 9 CS-bvv iqc-
m-cmb Aizm-cq-V-msc \n-Ww. As\
HmSnv i{Xp ssk\ys Nnn-n-X-dn-nv
Ahsc _n-p-Itbm HmSn-p-I-f-bp-Itbm
9 tZi-c-bvv AXym-h-iy-ambn hcp-tm Nmth-
S-sb-tmse c-km-nXzw hcn-m Xbm-dp--h
Cs\ sNp-p.
116
 Bdmw kap-mkw
sN-Ww.
9. ka-`q-an-bn tX IpXnc ImemS Fn-
h-sImpw kap-{Z-n-em-sW-n I-en Ib-
dnbpw Bgw IpdnSv B\-p-d-p-I-b-dn-
bpw, ac-fpw s]m-I-fp-ap ev Ap-
sIm-pw, ]qgn--c-n hm ]cnN Fn-h-
sImpw bpw sNp-Ibpw sNn-p-Ibpw
thWw.
10. bpw \S- p- t m tbmmsf
t{]mm-ln-n-p-Ibpw ktm-jn-n-p-Ibpw
sN-Ww. bpw \nn-sh-n-p Ah-k-c-
-fn iucyhpw Dm-lhpw Dm-I---h-
-ap {]kw-K--sf-sm-v kI-e-ssk-\n-
I-scbpw Bm-Zn-n--Ww. A-]m-\yZym-lm-
c- Akv{X-i-kv{Xm-Zym-bp-[- Huj-[-
apX- e m- b - h - s Im- S pv Ah- s c- s bmw
ktm-jn-n--Ww. hyqlw \nn-msX Hcn-
epw bpw sNp-Itbm sNn-ptbm Acp-
Xv. bpw \S-p-tm `S-m-cpsS \o-
{in-p-Ibpw \mbn ]b-p-ptm Fpw
XSn-X-m {ian-p-ptm Fpw \nco-n-
-Ww.
11. DNn-Xa - m-sWp tXmp-p-s-n Nne
ka-bp i{Xp-sf \mep `mKpw hf-p-
\nv B{I-an--Ww. i{Xp-hns cmPy-n-ep-
-hsc amK-\n-tcm[w sNbvXp _pn-ap-p-
Ibpw Ah-cpsS A[o-\-n-ep `-W-]-
Zm-, shw, hnd-Iv, Ip-Im-en- Xo-
I, Fn-h-sbmw \in-n-p-Ibpw Zpjn-n-
p-Ibpw sNWw.
12. i{Xp-\-K-c-n-ep Ipf-, tIm-a-Xn-
ep-I, InS-p-I Fn-h-sbmw \in-n-p-
I-fbWw. cm{Xn-k-a-bv i{Xp-hns\ `b-s-Sp-
p- I bpw Pbw t\Sp- h m- \ p D]m- b -
t\mp-Ibpw sN-Ww.
13. Pbnp Iog-S-nb tijw i{Xp--sf-
smp DS--Sn-Ifpw {]Xn--Ifpw Fgp-Xn-
p-hm--Ww. DNn-X-sa-n i{Xp-hns hwi-
P\pw [man-I\ - p-amb Hcp-hs\ cmPm-hmbn \nb-
an-v, ""Fs B-b-\p-k-cnpw [am-\p-kr-
X-amb cmP-\o-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-pw \oXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn
{]Pm- ] - c n- ] m- e \w \S- t - - X m- W v . '' Fn-
s\ DS-Sn sN-Ww. C{]-Imcw DS-Sn
sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw X\n-s-Xnsc Xncn-bm--
hw kzw Bfp-Isf AhnsS \n-Ww.
tXm cmPm-hn-s\bpw {][m-\-tk-h-I-scbpw
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
cXv\m-Zn-If- mb hne-tb-dnb hkvXp-sImp
k-cn-W - w. Poh-k - m-cW- - n\p app-m-
Ipw-hw Hpw sN-cp-Xv. Imcm-Kr-l-n
_n-mepw Ahsc bYm-tbmKyw _lp-am-
\n- bpw tXmhn- b n ZpxJn- m- - h w
kp-jvS-Nn--cm-p-Ibpw thWw.
14. temI-n A\ys hkvXp- A]-
l-cn-p-Xv Ah-cpsS A{]o-Xnpw sImSp-p-
Xv {]oXnpw Imc-W-am-Ip-p. ka-tbm-Nn-X-
ambn s]cpam-dp--Xpw, Iog-S-n-b-h\v CjvS-h-
kvXp- \evIp-Ibpw sNp-Xv AXyp-Zm-c-
amb {]hr-n-bm-Wv. Ahs\ tIm]n-n-p-
Itbm apjn-n-p-Itbm ]cn-l-kn-p-Itbm
sN-cp-Xv. "'Rm \ns tXmev]n-p-I-f-p.''
Fn-s\ Ahs apn hp ]d-b-cp-Xv.
""\n Fs ktlm-Z-c-\mWv'' Fpw apw
]dv Fm-bvt]mgpw _lp-am-\n--Ww.
an{Xhpw i{Xphpw
1. lnc-Wy-`q-an-kw-{]m]vXym ]mYnthm \
XssY-[tX. bYm an{Xw {[phw e_v[zm Iri-
a-]ym-Xn--a-av.
2. [awN IrXw N XpjvS{- ]-IrXn
tah N. A\p-cw ncm-cw`w eLp an{Xw
{]i-kytX.
3. {]mw Ipeo\w iqcw N Zw ZmXmc
tah N. IrXw [rXna IjvS amlp-
ccnw _p[mx.
4. BcyXm ]pcp-j-m\w iucyw IcpW
thZnXm. sue-eyw N kX-X-aqZmko\-
Kp-tWm-Zbx. (a-\p. 7. 208-211)
an{X-e-Ww
1. nc-ambn kvt\l-ap--h\pw `mhn I-
dn-bm Ign-bp--h\pw Imcyw t\Sm Ign-hp-
-h-\p-amb ka an{X-ttbm As-n
Zp_e an{X-ttbm e`n-m Dm-Ip-Xn-
e-[nIw A`n-hrn Ipsd kzWtam `qantbm
Inp--Xp-sIm-v Dm-Ip--X-.
2. [a--\pw, IrX-\pw D]-Im-c-kva-c-
W-bp--h\pw {]k--kz-`m-hn-bpw, kvt\l-ap-
-h\pw XpS-n-h Imcyw apgp-h\ - mp-X- n
nc-X-bp--h-\p-amb an{Xs km-Zn-p
cmPmhv {]iw-k\ob-\m-Wv.
3. _pn-am-\pw, Ipeo-\-\pw, iqc-\pw, hoc\pw
ka\pw Zm\-io-e\pw D]-Im-ck - vac
- W
- b
- p--
h\pw ss[cy- h m- \ p- a mb Bfns i{XpXzw
117
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
km-Zn-m-Xn-cn-m Ftmgpw {in--Ww.
Acw i{XpX Zpcn-X--fp-m-n-h-bvpw.
4. DZm-ko-\s eWw: {]iw-k-\o-b-amb
KpW--fp--h-\pw, k-\--sfbpw Zp-
\--sfbpw thXn-cn--dn-bp--h\pw ]cm-{I-a-
im-enbpw Zbm-ephpw kYqe-e-y\pw s]m-
hm-p-I ]d-bp--h\pw Bb-h-\t{X DZm-ko-
\.
Ghw kcvh -a nZw cmPm kl kwa{y
a{n`nx hymbm-aym-pXy a[ymt t`mp-
ax]pcw hntiXv (a-\p. A. 7 tm. 216)
app ]d-{]-Imcw AXn-cm-hnse Fgp-t-
v, ico-c-ipn hcp-n, kym-h-\w An-
tlm{Xw apX-e -b h sNp-Itbm sNn- p-
Itbm sNbvXv k`-bn lmP-cmbn a{n-am-tcm-
sSmw Imcy-hn-Nmcw sNbvXv ]S-\m-b-I-m-cpsS
ASp--tev sNv Ahsc ktm-jn-n-p-
Ibpw ]S-bm-fn-Isf hnhn[ hyql-c-N-\m-co-Xn-
I ]Tn-n-bpw B\--n, IpXn-cm-e-bw,
tKmim-e, Bbp-[-im-e, sshZy-im-e, `WvUmcw
apX-em-b-h-sbmw ]cn-tim-[nv Ah-bn h
\yq\-X-Ifpw Ds-n AXp apgp-h Xop-
Ibpw thWw. ]noSv hymbm-ai - m-eb- n sNp
hymbmaw sNbvXnp D-` - W - - n-\mbn Ax-
]p-cn-bn-te-v--]-Xv\n-amcpw apw Xma-kn-p
e-t-v t]mI-Ww. k{iw ]cn-tim-
[np ]mIw sNbvXXpw _pn, _ew, ]cm-{Iaw
Fn-hsb hn-n-p-Xpw tcmK-\n-hm-c-
Ihpw hnhn-[-X-c-nep-Xpw a[p-cmZn hnhn-
[-ck- b- p-hpw kpK-a - p-X- pw, D-ah - p-amb
A hyRvP-\-]m-\--fmWv `n-t--Xv.
Fnte kZm kpJ-bp--\m-bn-cn-q. cmPy-Im-
cy--sfmw Cs\ A`n-hr-n-s-Sp--Ww.
Icw-]n-cnhv
]m-i-Zv`mK BtZtbm cm ]ip-lnc
Wytbmx [m\ym-\m-a-jvStam `mKx -jjvtTm
ZzmZi Gh hm. (a-\p. 7. 130)
I-h-S-mpw ssIsm-gnmpw
kzW-ambpw shn-bmbpw Inp em`-n
A-Xn-semcp `mK-hpw, s\p apX-emb [m\y-
-fn Bdn-semtm Fn-semtm As-n
]{-n-semtm `mKhpw ]ncn-s-Sp--Ww.
Irjn-mpw sXmgn-em-fn-Ipw `-W-
nt\m ]W-nt\m _pn-app hcm--hw
cmP-[aw
am{Xw \nIpXn ]ncn-s-Sp--Ww.
P\- [\m-Vycpw Btcm-Ky-ap--hcpw
A-]m-\m-Zn-]-ZmY--fm kar--cp-am-bm
cmPm- h n\pw henb A`n- h r- n- b p- m- I pw.
cmPmhp P\-sf Xs a-sf-tmse IcpXn
kuJyw \evI-Ww. P\- cmPm--hn-s\bpw
cmP-`r-Xy-m-scbpw ]nXr-Xpeyw KWn-Ww.
Irjn-mcpw sXmgn-em-fnIfpw cmPm--m-cp-
tSbpw cmPm--m-cmWv F sNmv hfsc
icn-bm-Wv. cmPmhv Ah-cpsS c-I am{X-am-
Wv. P\--fns-n BcmWv cmPmhv? cmPm-
hn-s-n Bcp-tS-XmWv P\w? Ccp-Iq-cpw
kzw I-hy-Ia--fn kzX-{-cpw, Ccp-
Iq-cpw tNv ]c-kv]-c-{]o-Xn-]qw sNt-
-Im-cy-f - n ]c-X{- cpw Bbn-cn-W- w. P\-
-fpsS s]mXp-hmb A`n-{]m-b-n\p hncp--
ambn cmPmhpw cmP-`r-Xy-mcpw {]hn--cp-
Xv. cmP-`r-Xy-mcpw {]P-Ifpw cmPm-bvp
hn]-co-X-ambpw \S--cp-Xv. cmPm-hns cmjv{So-
b-am-b--s]m-fn-n- Fp ]d-bp I-
hyIa- kwt-]-ambn ChnsS hnh-cn-p.
IqSp-X hnh-cWw th-h \mep thZ-,
a\p-kvar-Xn, ip{I-\o-Xn, alm-`m-cXw apX-emb
{K t\mn a\-nem-W - w. {]P-If - psS
CS-bn \oXn-\ymbw \S-p-Xp a\p-kvar-Xn-
bn Fpw HXpw Aym-b--fn ]d-n-
cn-p--hw thWw. AXpw Npcpn ]d-bmw.
18. hnhm-Z-m-\-
1. {]Xy-lw-tZ-i-Zr-jvssS-- im-kv{X-Z-r-
jvssS tlXp`nx AjvSm-Z-ikp amcvtKjp
\n_m\n ]rYIv ]rYIv.
2. tXjmamZy-ar-Wm-Zm\mw \ntt]mf
kzman hn{Ibx. kt`qbN kap-m\w Z
kym\-]-IcvaN.
3. thX-\-ssky-h-Nm-Zm\mw kwhn-Z-hy
Xn{Iax. {Ib-hn-{I-bm-\p-itbm hnhmZx kzman-
]m-etbmx
4. koam-hn-hm-Z-[cva ]mcptjy ZWvU
hmNntI. kv t Xbw N kml- k w- s sNh
kv{Xok-Mv{K-l-W-ta-hN.
5. kv{Xo]pw [cvtam-hn-`m-K ZypX-am-lzb
GhN ]Zm-\yjvSm-Z-ssi-Xm\n hyhlmc-n-
Xm-hnl.
6. Gjp- m- t \jp `qbnjv T w hnhmZw
NcXmw\r- W mav . [aw imiz- X - a m- { inXy
118
 Bdmw kap-mkw
IpcymXv Imcyhn\nW-ba.v
7. [cvtam hn-kvXz-[cvtaW k`mw-b-t{Xm-
]XnjvTtX. ieyw Nmky \Ir-n hnm
kvX{X k`m-kZx.
8. k`mwhm \ {]th-jvShym hhyw hm-
k-a-RvP-k-av. A{_p-h-\zn-{_p-h-\zm]n \tcm-
`-h-Xn-In_jo.
9. b{X-[cvtam-ly-[cvta-W-kXyw b{Xm
\rtX-\-N. l\ytX t{]-am-Wm\mw lXm-
kvX-{X-k-`m-kZx.
10. [a Gh ltXm ln [cvtam cXn
cnXx. Xkvam-cvtam \ l-thym-amt\m
[cvtam ltXmfh[oXv.
11. hrtjmln `K- h m[a kv X kybx
IpcptX lye-av. hrjew Xw hnZpcvtZ-hmkvX
kvamaw \ tem]-tbXv.
12. GI Gh kplr-cvtam \n[-t\-]y-\p-
bmXnbx. ico- t cW kzmiw kcv h - a -
\ynKXn
13. ]mtZmf[cv a - k y- I cv mcw ]mZx- k m-
nW ar- X n. ]mZx k`m- k Zx kcv h m
]mtZm cmPm-\-ar-Xn.
14. cmPm-`-h-Xy-t\-\m-kvXp-ap-Nyt N k`m-
kZ. Gt\m K-Xn-Icvmcw \nmcvtlm b{X
\nytX
(a-\p. 8. 38; 12-19)
1. cmPm-hv, cmP-k-`mw-K-, cmPy-`r-Xy-m
apX-em-b-h \mp-\-Spw imkv{X-{]-am-W-hp-a-
\p-k-cn-v, hnhm-Zm-kv]-Z-am-tb-m-hp-Xpw C\n
]d--b p- - X p- a mb ]Xn- s \p hnj- b - - f n
hnhmZw hcp Imcy--fn Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp--
Ww. imkvt{Xm--amb \nb-a-an-s-n Bh-
iy-am-sWp tXmp \na- cmPm-hn\pw
P\- pw ]ptcm- K Xn hc- - - h w
Btem-Nnv Dm--Ww.
2. ]Xn-s\p hyh-lm-c- Ch-bmWv: 1.
(E-Wzm-Zm-\w) ISw sImSp-p-Itbm ISw hmp-
Itbm sNp--Xn-ep-m-Ip Xw. 2. (\n-
t-]x) kqn-p--Xn\v Gev]n-Xv DS-a-
tNmZn-p-tm Xncn-psImSpm-sX-h-
cp-tm DmIp Xw. 3. (A-kzm-an-hn-
{I-bw) A\ys hI FSpp hnpI 4.
(kw-`q-bN kap-m-\w) ]e tNv Hcp-h-
t\mSv A{Iaw Imp-I. 5. (Z-kym-\-]-Icva)
sImSp-Xv sImSp-m-Xn-cn-pI
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
3. 6 (th-X\
- s- sky-hN - m-Zm-\w) thX\w sImSp-
m-Xn-cn-p-It- bm, Ipd-p-sIm-Sp-p-Itbm sNp-
I. 7 (kw- h n- Z hyXn- { I- a x) {]Xn- ,
ewL\w sNp-I. 8 ({I-b-hn-{I-bm-\p-i-bx)
hnevp-Itbm hmp-Itbm sNbvX hkvXp--
sf-n Dm-Ip Xw. 9 (kzman ]me-
tbmhn-hm-Zx) ]ip--fpsS DS-a-\pw ]ip-
]m-e-I\pw Xn-ep-m-Ip Xw.
4. 10 (ko-am-hn-hm-Z-[ax) AXnn-Xw
11 (Z-WvU-]m-cp-jyw) AXn-I-Tn-\-amb in
hn[n-pI 12 (hmIv ]mcp-jyw) ]cp-j-hm-p-
I ]d- b pI 13 (kv t Xbw) tamj- W hpw
Ihbpw sNpI 14 (km-l-kw) ssItw
sNpI 15 (kv{Xo-kw-{K-l-Ww) kvXotbm ]pcp-
jt\m hy`n-Nmcw sNp-I.
5. (kv { Xo- ] pw- [ w) kv { Xo]p- c p- j - m
kz[aw ewLn-pI 17 (hn-`m-K) `mK-h-gv 18
(ZqX-am-\y-b) Poh\n-m-h ]Wbw hp
\S-p NqXp-I-fn-bpw. (Zyp-X) Pohn-Isf
]Wbw hp NqXp-Ifn (B-lzbw) C-
d ]Xn-s\pw hnhm-Zm-kv]-Z--fm-Wv.
6. Cu hyh-lm-c-hnjbsf kw_-n-p-
m- I p X- - f n P\- - t fmSv \oXn-
\ymbw \S- pXp k\m- X - \ - [ s
Bkv]-Z-am-n-th-Ww. Hcn-epw ]-]mXw
ImWn--cpXv Fv Aw.
7. GXp k`-bnemtWm A[w apdn-s-Sp-
nb [aw hn-p-Xv A[a-ns
Ap-ap\ [a-n \np ]dn-p-I-f-bm-Xn-cn-
p--Xv, A[as \in-n-msX Ccn-p-
Xv AXm-bXv [a-n\v am\hpw A[a-
n\v inbpw \evIm-Xn-cn-p-Xv B k`-
bnse AwK-s - fmw apdn-th-h- c
- m-sWp Icp-
X-Ww.
8. [man-I-\mb a\p-jy k`.-bn {]th-
in-m--XmWv D-aw. {]th-in-p ]w
kXyta ]d-bm-hq. k`-bn A\ymbw {]hn-
p-Xp Inpw au\w `Pn-p t\cn\pw
\ymb-n\pw FXn-cmbn ]d-bp--h alm-]m-
]n-bm-Ip-p.
9. kZ-ky-m-scmw In-cns A[a-
m [ahpw Ak-Xy-m kXyhpw l\n-
-s-Sp k`-bn-ep--h-sc-m-hcpw arX-{]m-b-
cm-Wv. Ah-cn-sem-cp-h\pw Pohn-n-cn-p-n
F-dn-b-Ww.
10. [as l\n-p--hs\ [ahpw \in-
119
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
n-p-p. [as cn-p--hs\ [aw XvIrjvSm Kp-W-ssZzt[ ZzntPm--am
cn-p-p. AXn-\m [as l\n--cpXv.
l\n [aw \s \in-n--cp-sXp Icp-Xn-
sm--Ww.
11. Fm sFiz-cy-fpw \evIp kpJ--
sfmw \evIp [a-n\p tem]w hcp-p-
-hs\ Adn-hp--h hrj-e-s\p iq{Z
AYhm \oN Fv Adn-bp-p. AXn-\m
[atem]w hcp-p-Xv Bpw DNn-X-a-.
12. Cutem- I - n [aw Hp- a m- { Xta
_phmbnpffq. ac-W-ti-jhpw AXv a\p-
jys\ A\p-K-an-p-p. ap--sX-mw, _p-
-f-Sw icocw injn-p--tXm-Sp-IqSn Cm-
Xm- I p- p. Fm _hpw hnp- t ]m- I p- p.
Fm [a- ns _w am{Xw Hcp
Imepw ths]-Sp--X FYw.
13. cmP- k - ` - b n ]- ] mXw \nanw
A\ymbw {]hn- p- t m- f p- m- I p
A[aw \mep `mK--fmbn ]ncnv Hcp `mKw
A[aw {]hn--h-t\bpw cmw `mKw
kmn-tbbpw asmv kZ-ky-tcbpw \mem-
as `mKw [a-hn-cp--ambn {]hn k`-
bpsS Ay--\mb cmPm-hn-s\bpw {]m]n-p-
p.
14. \nn-t--hsc \nn-p-Ibpw {]iw-
kmlsc {]iw-kn-p-Ibpw inmlsc
inn-p-Ibpw am\ysc _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw
sNp k`-bnse cmPmhpw k`mw-K-fpw
]m]-c-ln-Xcpw ]cnip-cp-ambn `hn-p-p.
]m]w sNp--h-\p am{Xta AXns tZmjw
Dm-Ip-p-q.
C\n kmn-I
F-s\-bp--h-cm-bn-cn--W-sap
]d-bpp
1. B]vXmx kcvthjp hcvtWjp Imcymx
Imtcyjp kmnWx. kcv h - [ cv a - h ntZm
ep_v[m hn]-co-XmwkvXp hcvP-tbXv.
2. kv{XoWmw kmyw kv{Xobx Iqcvqcv
ZznPm\mw kZrim ZznPmx. iq{Zmt kx
iq{Zm-Wm-a-ym-\m-a-y-tbm-\bx.
3. kml-tkjp N kcvthjp kvtXb-k-
Mv{KltWjpN. hmKvZW - vUtbm ]mcptjy
\ ]co-tX kmnWx.
4. _lpXzw ]cn- K r- l v W o- b v mn
ssZzt[ \cm- [ n]x. ktajp Xp KptWm
cmP-[aw
5. ka-Z- cvi\ - m-myw {ihWm ssh
kn[yXn X{X kXyw {_ph kmo
[cvamcvYm`ymw \ lobtX.
6. kmo-Zr-jvS-{ip-Xm-Z-\y-Zzn-{_p-h-mcy
kwkZn. Ahm- M v\- c - I - a - t `yXn t{]Xy
kzcvKm lobtX.
7. kz`m-th-ss\h bZv{_q-bp-kvXZv {Kmlyw
hymh-lm-cn-Iav AtXm bZ-\yZzn {_qbpcv
[cvamcvYw XZ-]mcvY-Iav.
8. k`mx kmnWx {]m]v X m- \ cv Y n
{]Xycv Y n kn[u {]mUzn- h mtImf\pbp-
oX hn[n\mft\\ kmz-b.
9. bZvZztbmc\-tbmcvth Imtcyfkvan
tNnXw anYx. XZv {_qX kcvhw ktXy\
bpjvamIw ly{X kmnXm.
10. kXyw kmty {_qhkmo
temIm\m]vt\mXn ]pjvI-em. Cl Nm\p-
amw Iocvnw hmtKjw {_-]q-PnXm.
11. ktXy\ ]qbtX kmo [ax ktXy\
hcv[-tX. Xkvam-Xyw ln hhyw kcvh-
hcvtWjp kmn`nx.
12. Bssflh lymfl\x kmo KXn
cmflm XYm-\x amh-awmx kzmamflm\w
\rWmw kmn-W-ap--aav.
13. bky-hn-Zzm ln hZXx t{Xtm
\m`n-i--tX. Xkvam tZhmx t{ibmwkw
temtIf\yw ]pcpjw hnZpx.
14. GtIm- l - a - k v a o- X ym- fl m\w bXzw
IeymW a- \ ytk. \nXyw nXkvtX
lrtZyj ]pWy-]m-t]-nXm ap\nx.
(a-\p. 8. 63; 68; 72-- - 75; 78-81; 83; 84; 86; 91)
1. Fm hW--fn-epw, [man-I-cpw, hnZzm-
m-cpw, kXy-k-cpw kI-e-[a--tfbpw
Adn-bp-h- cpw AXym-{K-la - n-m-h - cpw kXyw
]d-bp--h-cp-am-bn-cn--Ww \ymb-hy-h--bn
kmn ]d-tb--Xv. Am--hsc kmn-bm-
-cp-Xv.
2. kv{XoIp kv{XoI-fpw, {_m-Wp
{_m-Wcpw, iq{Zp iq{Zcpw, XmW-hv
XmW-hcpw kmn ]d-b-Ww.
3. _em-Xvm-ca - mbn sNp-h - b
- vpw, tamj-
Ww. hy`n-Nm-cw, ]cp-j-`m-j-Ww, hSn-sImv
ASn-pI apX-emb Ip-pw kmn-hn-
kvXmcw Bh-iy-an-. C-d--sXmw KpV-
120
 Bdmw kap-mkw
ambn \S-p--Xn-\m-emWv kmn thm--
Xv.
4. cp ]-nepw kmn-Ifpsn
`qcn-]--{]-Im-chpw kmn-I Xpey-cm-bn-cp-
m DIr-jvSK - p-Wh - m-m-cmb kmn-If
samgn- b - \ p- k - c n- pw, cp ]- n- e p- a p
kmn-I KptWmjw sImpw kwJy-
sImpw Xpey-cm-bn-cp-m {_m-W-t{i-jvT-
m aljn-am k\ym-kn-h-cy-m Fn-h-
cpsS kmy-a\ - p-kc - npw \ymb-\nWbw sN-
Ww.
5. cp-Xcw kmn-If - p-v. ZrIvkm-n-Ifpw
tI- d n- - h - c pw. k`- b n kXyw ]d- b p
kmn-I [a-lo-\tcm inmltcm A.
I-km-n-Isf Ip-n-s\mv inn-W
6. cmP-k` - b
- ntem ap t{ijvTk - `- b
- ntem hv
IXn\pw tI-Xn\pw hn]-co-X-ambn kmn
]d-bp--h AhmMv \cIw F-\-c-I-n
(\mhp apdnp If-bp--Xp-sImv Dm-Ip
ZpxJ-ns \c-I-n) InSp IjvS-s-Sp-
Ibpw ac-W-tijw t]mepw kpJ-lo-\-cmbn-cn-
p-Ibpw sNpw.
7. X-n kmn ]d-bp-tm ]c-t{]-
cW IqSmsX ]d-bp samgn kzoI-cn--Ww.
]Tn-np ]d-bp-s - Xmw I-am-sWv \ymbm-
[n-]Xn Adn-b-Ww.
8. k`-bn hn-p kmn-It- fm-Sv, A\ym-
b-m-c {]Xn Fn-h-cpsS kmn-y-n
\ymbm-[n-]-Xnbpw ho-e-mcpw im-ambn
Cs\ tNmZn-Ww:
9. kmn-Isf! Cm-cy-n kmn-If
\n Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ]c-kv]-c-{]-hr-n-I-sf-
n Adn-bm-hp-Xv kXy-k--ambn ]d-bp-I.
10. kXyw ]d-bp kmn Pm--c-n
t{ijvT-amb Pohn-X-tbpw B\--a-b-tem-I-
-sfbpw {]m]nv kpJ-a-\p-`-hn-p-Ibpw Cu
P-n-se--t]mse Xs Pm--c-nepw
\ b-ns\ {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNpw. Fs-
m, hmp-X-s-bmWv kevm-c-npw
Xnc-kvm-c-npw Imc-W-sav thZ--fn
]d-bp-p. kXy-hmZn _lp-am-\-n\pw anYym-
hmZn \nbvpw ]m{Xo-`-hn-p-p.
11. kXyw ]d-bp--Xp-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv
[aw hn-p--Xv. AXn-\m kmn-I-
sfmw kXyw Xs ]d-b-Ww.
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
12. Bflm-hns kmn Bflm-hp-X-s-bm-
Wv. Bflm-hn-\p KXnbpw Bflm-hp-X-s.
CX-dnv tl kmo! Av a\p-jy-cpsS kI-
e-km-n-If - nepwshv D-ak - m-n-bmbn Ah-
- psS \-hs Bflm-hns\ A]-am-\n-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
Ah-\-hs Bflm-hv, a\-v, hmv Fn-h-bn-
ep--Xns\ AXp-t]mse ]d-bp--Xp-X-s-
bmWv kXy-`m-j-Ww. AXnp hn]-co-X-am-bn-
p--sXmw anYym-`m-j-W-amWv FYw.
13. kwkm- c n- p- t m t{X- - \ mb
Bflmhv AIta in-p-n-s-n Ah-t\-
m t{ijvT-\mb asm-cp-h-\p--Xmbn hnZzm-
mv Adn-hn-.
14. t{ib-m-{K-ln-p a\pjym ""Rm Hcp-
- w. h am{Xta Dq'' Fp [cnv \o Bflm-
hns Adn-thm-Sp-IqSn AkXyw ]d-bp-Xv icn-
b-. \ns lrZ-bm-`m-K-n A-cym-an-
bmbn hn-p kth-iz-c ]pWy-]m-]-
sf {]Xy--ambn Ip-sImv ap\n-bmbn
(au-\-a-h-ew-_n-v) nXn-sN-p-p-v. B ]c-
am-flm-hns\ `b-sv kXyw ]d-bp-I.
(I--km-nv in)
1. tem`m-tm-lm-ZvZ-bm-ss-{XmXv ImamXv
t{Im[m- - s sY- h - N . Am- \ mZv
_me`mhm kmyw hnX-Y-ap-NytX.
2. Gjm-a-\y-Xta mt\ bx kmy-a-
\rXw htZXv. Xky ZWvU-hn-ti-jmwkvXp
{]h-ym-ay-\p-]qcvix
3. tem`m-Xvkl - {kw ZWvUykvXp tamlmXv
]qcv p kml- k av . `bmZv Z zu a[yau
- mb ZWvUyu ssa{XmXv ]qcvhw NXpcvKpWw
4. Imam- - i - K pWw ]qcv h w t{Im[mp
{XnKpWw ]cav. Am-\m-zu-itX ]qcvtW
_men-iym--X-tah Xp.
5. D]--ap-Zcw Pnlzm lkvXu ]mZu N
]-a-av. Npcvmkm N IcvWu N [\w
tZl-kvX-ssYh N.
6. A\p-_w ]cn-mb tZi-Imeu N
XzXx kmcmf]cms[u NmtemIy ZWvUw
ZWvtUyjp ]mX-tbXv.
7. A[a ZWvU\w temtI btimLv\w
Ion \mi-\-av. AkzKy ]c-{Xm]n
XkvamXv ]cn-hP-tbXv.
8. AZ-WvUym ZWvUb - cmPm ZWvUymw
121
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
sshm]y ZWv U - b . Abtim alZm
]vt\mXn \cIw ssNh KXn.
9. hmKvZWvUw {]Yaw Ipcym-n-KvZWvUw
XZ-\ - c- av XrXobw [\-ZWvUw Xp h[ ZWvU-
aXx ]c-av.
(a-\p. 7. 113-121; 125129)
1. tem`w, tamlw, `bw, kvt\lw, Imaw,
t{Im[w, Am-\w, Fn-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm
_mey-Im-etm ]d-bp kmyw--km-n-
sam-gn apgp-h\pw Ak-Xy-am-sWv Adn-bp-I.
2. Ch-b n GsX- nepw Hp \nanw
Ikmn ]dbp--bm-fn\v C\n ]d-bp
in-I \I-Ww.
3. tem`w \nanw I-kmn ]d-bp--
h\v (1000 ss]k) 10 ]Xn-\p cq] ]-
W-bpw, taml-m I-kmn ]d-bp--h\v
aqp cq] c-W-bpw, `b-sv I-kmn
]d-bp--h\v Btd-Im cq]-bpw, kvt\lw
sImp I-samgn sImSp-p--h\v ]{-
cq]bpw ]ng \n-bn-t--Xm-Wv.
4. Imaw sImp I-kmn ]d-bp--h\v
Ccp-] - - p-cq-]bpw t{Im[w aqew I-kmn
]d-bp--h\p \mev]-mdp cq] ]Xn-m-e-W-
bpw, Am\w \nanw I- k mn
]dbp-h\v Bdp-dp-n-I-bpw, _meyw \nanw
I-kmn ]d-bp--h\v Hcp-dp-nI H-X-
Wbpw ]ng-bn-S-Ww.
5. D]-t-{n-bw, hb-dv, \mhv, ssII,
Imep-I, Ip-I, aqv, sNhn-I, [\w,
tZlw Fn- s\ ZWvU- m- \ -
inbvp hnt[-b-am-m-hp-h ]s--am-
Wv. CXn-te-sX-nepw Hn-emWp in \S-m-
p--Xv.
6. tem`w \nanw I-kmn ]d-bp-h - \p
]Xn-\-p-dp-nI ]W ]ng-bn-S-W-sap ]d-
n- p- v . CXp- t ]mse ]e hn[- n- e p
in-I ]noSv ]d-bp--Xm-Wv. Fm
\n-\s ] \npw Ipdpw [\n-Is
] \nv ctm aqtm \mtem Ccn
A[nIhpw ]ng ]ncn-s-Sp-t--Xm-Wv. tZi-Im-
e-, Ip-m-cs in, A]-cm-[-ns
10 kl-{k-i-_vZ-n\v 1000 ss]k Fw. ]gb
IW--\p-k-cnv cq]bvv 64 ss]k-bm-Wp--Xv. Cu
Hcp ss]kbvv Cs 15625 ss]k-bpsS aqey-ap-
v. HcW Cs 6.25 ss]kbm-Wv.
cmP-[aw
Kuc-h-em-L-h- Fn-h-b-\p-k-cnp in-
\-evtI--XmWv FYw.
7. Cu temI-n A\ym-b-ambn in
\evIn-bm AXv Cu P-nepw Ign P-
nepw hcpw P-n-ep-ap Ionsb \in-
np If-bpw. `mhn-P--n IqSn ZpxJ-{]-Z-am-
bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m Btcbpw A\ym-b-
ambn inn--cp-Xv.
8. inmlsc inn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
Am--hsc inn-p-Ibpw sNp cmPmhv
Pohn-n-cn-p-tm henb A]-Ionv
]m{X-am-Ip-Ibpw ac-Wt- ijw ITn-\Z- pxJw A\p-
`-hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m A]-cm[w
sNp--hsc Fm-bvt]mgpw inn-t--Xm-
Wv. \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf Hcn-epw inn--cp-Xv.
9. BZyw Ipw sNp-tm--hm-p-sIm-
p ZWvUw {]tbm-Kn--Ww. \nn--W-sa-
Yw. cm-aXp [nm-c-am-Ip ZWvUw.
""Zpjv S \o Fp- s Imp Zpjv { ]- h rn
sNbvXp?'' Fv XmoXp sN-Ww. aqm-a-
tXp [\-ZWvUw AYma ]ng-bn-Sp-I. \mem-
a- t Xp h[- Z - W v U w- - A - ] - c m- [ nsb Nqc
sImtm Nn sImtm (Nm--sIm-tm)
ASn-pI As-n A]-cm-[n-bpsS Xe shp-
I.
ap-in--I
1. tb\-tb\ bYm-MvtK\ kvtXt\m-\r-jp-
hn-tN-jvStX X-tZh ltc-Zky {]Xym-tZ-
imb ]mYnhx.
2. ]nXm-Nmcyx kplram-XmNm `mcym-]p{Xx
]ptcm- l nX. \mZWv t Uym \ma- c m- P v t Rm-
kvXnbx kz[cvta-\-Xn-jvTXnx
3. Imcvjm-]Ww `th--WvtUym-b-{Xm\yx
{]mIr-tXm-P\;X{X-cm-Pm-`t- h-WvUyx kl-{k-
an-Xn-[m-c-Wm.
4. AjvS-]m-Zyp iq{Zky kvtXtb-`hXn
Inev_n-jav tjmU-ssi-h-Xp-ssh-iy-ky-Zzm-
{Xnw-iXv {X-b-kyN.
5. {_m-Wky NXp-jjvSnx ]qw hm]n-
iXw `th-Xv. ZznKpWm hm NXp-j-jvSnx. -kvX-
tm-j-KpWhnn kx.
6. sF{w m\-a-`n-t{]-]vkp-cy-i-m--
b-a-hy-bav. t\mt]-tX -W-a]n cmPm-km-
l-knIw \cav.
7. hmKvZp-jvSm-k - vIc- m-ssh ZWvtU-ss\-
122
 Bdmw kap-mkw
h- N - l nw- k Xx kml- k - k y- \ - c x- I m
hntbx ]m]-Ir-ax.
8. kml-tk-hcv-am-\-ptbm acvj-bXn
]mYnhx khn-\miw {hP-Xymip hntZzjw
Nm[n-K--Xn.
9. \an{X Imc-Wm-{ZmPm hn]p-emZzm [\m-
K-amXv kapXv krtPXv kml-kn-Imkcvh-
`q-X-`-bm-h-lm.
10. Kpcpwhm _me-hr-uhm {_m-Wwhm
_lp-{ip-Xav BX-Xm-bn-\-am-bmw l\ym-tZ-
hm-hn-Nm-c-b.
11. \mX-Xmbn ht[-tZmtjm lpcv`-h-Xn-
Iiv N \ {]Imiwhmf {]Imiw hm a\yp-
kvX\va\yp-arNvOXn.
12. bkykvtX\x ]ptc \mkvXn
\m\ykv{XotKm\ ZpjvS-hm-Iv. \ klm-kn-I-
ZWvULv\u k cmPm i{I-temI `mIv.
(a-\p. 8. 334-338; 344347; 350351; 386)
1. If-f - m GXv Ah-bhw sImv Fs\
A{Iaw sNp- pthm AXm- X - h - b - h - sf
AtX hn[-n cmPmhp tOZn-p-If - t- b-X- m-
Wv. P\-v KpW-]m-T-n-\m-Wn-Xv.
2. ]nXmhv BNm-cy, kv\ln-X, kvXoI,
]p{X, ]ptcm-ln-X Fn-h-cn Bcm-bn-cp-
mepw icn, Ah-\-hs [aw hnv A[aw
sNp-h - c- n cmPm-hnv inn-m hm-- \evImsX an-p-sIm-n-cn-p cmPmhv
Xmbn Bcp- a n- . \ymbm- k - \ - n Ccpv
cmPmhp \oXn-\ymbw \S-p-tm BcpsS
t\scbpw ]-]mXw {]Zin-n--cpXv; Fm-
hpw btYm-NnXw in \evIWw FYw.
3. km[m-cW ]uc\v Hcp cq] ]ng hn[n-
p Ipw cmPmhp sNbvXm Bbncw cq]
]ng-bn-S-Ww. km[m-c-W-m-c-t-Xn Bbncw
aSv A[n-Iw Bbn-cn-Ww cmPm-hn-\p-ff
in FYw. {][m\ kNn-h\v km[m-cW
in-bpsS Fq-dn-c-nbpw. AXn Xmgv
a{nv Fgp-q-dn-c-nbpw AXn\pw Xmsg-bp-ff
cmPy-`r-Xy\v Adp-\q-dn-c-nbpw Bbn-cn--Ww.
Cns\ cmPy- ` r- X y- m- c nshv Fhpw
sNdnb in]m-bn-p-t]m-epw, Fn-c-n-bn Ipd-
bm in \ev t I- - X m- W v . cmPy- ` r- X y-
mv P\--tf-m A[nIw in sImSp-
m-Xn-cp-m Ah P\-sf apSn-p-I-f-bpw.
Hcp tImemSv Aev]-amb ZWvUw-sImv CW-
p-p. knwl-am-Is A[n-I- ZWvUw sImt
CW-p-p-f-fq. AXn-\m cmPmhp apX
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
km[m-c-W-m-c htc-bp-ff cmP-]p-cp-j-m-
cn Bsc-nepw Ipw sNbvXm Ahp
sImSp-p in P\-p-f-f-Xn-t\-m
A[n-I-am-bn-cnWw.
4. CXp-t]m-se-X-s, `hn-jy--dn-bp Hcp-
h tamjvSn-m iq{Z-v, tamj-W - p- - np
km[m- c - W - b mbn hn[n- p- - X ns Fn- c n
iq{Z\pw ]Xm-\m-dn-cn sshiy\pw ap-n-cp
aSv {Xn-b\pw ]ng-bn-S-Ww.
5. KpW-tZmj m\-tm-Sp-IqSn tamjWw
sNp {_m-W\v km[m-c-W-tb-m Adp-
]-n-\m-en-c-n, As-n \qdn-cn, As-n
\qn-cp-]-s-n-cn in \I-Ww. A]-cm[w
sNp--hs m\m-[n-Iy-n\pw DIr-jvS-
n-Xnpw X-hw A[n-I-in \evI-Ww.
6. [ahpw sFiz-cyhpw hn--W-sa-m-
{K-ln-p- cmPmhpw cmP-]p-cp-j-m-cpw, It-
- mpw A{I- a n- I pw I- mpw
in- \ Ip Imcy- n W- t \cw
t]mepw sshI-cp-Xv.
7. kml- k n- I s eWw ]d- b pp:-
sImn-hmp ]d-bp-I, tamjvSn-p-I, sXp-sN-
msX inn-p-I, Fnh sNp-h - t- c-m
_em-evIm-c-ambn {]hr-n-I sNp--h
hfsc A[nIw ZpjvS\pw ]m]n-bp-am-Ip-p.
8. kml- k w- { ]- h n- p- - h \p in
AXn-thKw \in-p-Ibpw P\-tcm-j - n\v ]m{X-
am-hp-Ibpw sNpw.
9. kI-epw ZpxJ-ap-m-p kml-kn-
I-s\, kulmtam [\-tam-ltam \nanw
cmPmhv _- \ - - \ m- p- I tbm inc- t Zw
sNm-Xn-cn--cp-Xv.
10. BNm-cy-\m-I-s, ]p{Xm-Zn-I-fmb _me-m-
cm-I-s, ]nXmhv apX-emb hr-P-\--fm-Is
At\Iw imkv{X- ]Tn-n-p {_m-W-
\m-I-s, Bcm-bn-cp-mepw [aw shSnv
A[aw {]hn-p-Ibpw \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf
sImp-Ibpw sNp--hsc Btem-Nn-p-I-
t]mepw sNmsX sImp-I-f-tb--Xm-Wv.
sImp-I-f--Xn\p tijta Bcm-sW-p-
Xv Btem-Nn-m-hq.
11. Hfn-hmtbm shfn-hmtbm ZpjvSsc sImp-
-Xp-sImv sImp--h\v bmsXmcp ]m]hpw
Dm-Ip-n-. ISpw-tIm]w ]qp-h-cp--hs\
t{Im[w-sImv sImp-I-f-bp-Xv t{Im[hpw
123
 kXymY-{]-Im-iw
tIm]hpw Xn-ep t]mc--am-sW-mWv [cn-
t--Xv.
12. Imcpw, ]c-kv{Xo-kwKw sNp--h-
cpw, No-hm-p-I ]d-bp--hcpw It--m-
cpw-sIm--mcpw cmPm-hns Iev]\ A\p-k-
cn-m--hcpw Cm cmPy-ns cmPmhv
AXn-t{i-jvT-\m-Wv.
hy`n-Nm-c-n\p in
1. `cvmcw ewL-tbZym kv{Xo kzmXn
KpW- Z cv - ] nXm Xmw iz`nx JmZ- t b- { ZmPm
kwmt\ _lp-kw-ntX.
2. ]pamwkw Zml-tbXv]m]w ibt\ X]vX
Bb- t k. A`ym- Z - [ yp Imjv T m\n X{X
ZtlyX ]m]-IrXv.
3. ZocvLm-[z\n bYm-tZiw bYm-Imew Xtcm
`th-Xv. \Zo-Xn-tcjp XZzn-Zym--apt{Z \mkvXn
e-Wav.
4. Al-\y-l\ - y-thtyX Icvam-m-\zml
\m\nN. Ab-hysbu N \ob-Xmhm Icm
tImj-ta-hN
5. Ghw kcvm-\n-am cmPm hyh-lm-cm
kam-]-b. hyt]mly Inev_njw kcvhw
{]m]vt\mXn ]camw KXnav.
(a-\p. A. 8 tmIw. 371; 372; 406; 419; 420)
1. B`n-Pm-Xyw, KpW- Fn-h-bn A`n-
am-\nv Kn-jvT-bmbn `m-hns\ Dt]-nv
hy`n-Nmcw sNp-h - sf Poh-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn-s
cmPmhp _lp-P-\-k-aw \nn \mbv-tf-
smv ISn-np sImt--Xm-Wv.
2. AXp-t]m-se-X-s, kzw ]Xv\nsb ]cn-
Xy-Pnv ]c-kv{Xo-kwKw sNp-Itbm thiym-
kv{Xo-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn kwK-an-p-Itbm sNp
]m]n-bmb ]pcp-js\ P\--fpsS apnshv
Npp-]-gp-n Ccpp In-en InSn `kva-
am-n--f-b-Ww.
tNmZyw:- cmPmthm cmntbm As-
n \ymbm-[n-]-Xntbm Abm-fpsS `mcytbm
hy`n-Nm-cmZn Zpjva- sNbvXm Bc-
hv in-\Ipw?
Dcw:- cmP-k` Xs. Fp-am-{X-a
Ahp \Ip in km[m-cW {]P-
Ip--Xn-t\-m A[nIw Bbn-cn-t--
Xm-Wv.
tNmZyw:- cmPmhpw \ymbm-[n-]-Xnbpw apw
cmP-k` sImSp-p in-sb-n-\w-Ko-I-cn-
cmP-[aw
Ww?
Dcw:- cmPmhpw ]pWym-flmhpw `mKy-hm-
\p-amb a\p-jy Xs-bm-Wv. cmPm-hn\v in
\Ip-Itbm in kzoI-cn-p-Itbm sNm-
Xn-cp-m ap--h Fn\p in kzoI-cn-
Ww? am{X-a-, P\-fpw {][m\ cmP-]p-cp-
j-mcpw cmP-k-`bpw IqSn [am-\p-k-cWw
cmPm-hns\ inn-m B{K-ln-p ]w
cmPmhv Hbvv F-sN-m-\mWv? C-s\-
sbmcp hyh Cs-n cmPmhpw {][m-\n-
I-fmb cmP-]p-cp-j-mcpw kaY-m-cmb ap
A[n-Ir-Xcpw A\ym-b-hn-t[-b-cmbn \ymb-[a-
sf XIv P\--sf-sbmw \mi-n-
tep \bn-p-Ibpw kzbw \in-p-Ibpw
sNpw. ""\ymbm-\p-kr-X-amb in-bvmWv
cmPmhv Fpw [a-sapw ]d-bp--Xv.'' Fp
app ]d-n-p tmImYw kvacn-p-I. B
ZWvU-[a-Xn-Xn\p tem]w hcp-p--h-t\-
m \oN-\m-cmWv?
tNmZyw:- Ccw ITn-\-amb in DNn-X-
a-. Fs-m tOZn AwK-sf hopw
Dm-p-hm\pw acn--h\v Dbn \evIp-hm\pw
a\p-jy\v kmy-a--tm. AXn-\m Ccw
in \evIp-hm ]mSn-.
Dcw:- Cu in ITn-\-sav hnNm-cn-p-
-h cmP-\n-Xn-mc-. Fs-m Hcp
a\p-jys\ C{]-Imcw inn-p-tm ap--
h-scmw ZpjvIr-Xy- sNp--Xn \np
]nn-cnbpw. Zpcm-Nm-c-sf ]cn-Xy-Pnv [a-
am-n hn-pw. hmkvX-h-n Cu
in kIe P\-p-ambn hn`-Pn-m
Hmtcm-cp-s ]pw ISp-In-s\mw hcn-.
in eLp-hm-bn-cp-m Zpjv{]-hr-n-I
hfsc A[nIw Xgp hf-cpw. AXn-\m eLp-
shv \nv tXmp in- b mWv
Bbncw aSp ITn-\w. AkwJyw P\-
ZpjvIrXyw sNbvXm Ahsmw {]tXyIw
Aev]m-ev]-sa-nepw in \evtIn hcpw.
AXns BsI-pI CXn-t\-m Xptew
A[n-I-am-bn-cn-pw. AXp-sImv AXv ITn-\-
hp-am-Wv.
3. ZoL-amK--fnepw IS-en-Sp-p-I-fnepw
\Zn- I - f nepw henb Pe- - c - p- I - f nepw tZi-
ssZLyhpw Ime-hp-a-\p-k-cnp Icw IS-p-
Iq-en \n-bn--Ww. alm-k-ap-{Z-n n]vX-
amb Icw Xpd-W - w \n-bn-p-Xp kmy-
a-. cmPm-hn\pw IS-en henb I-ep-I
124
 Bdmw kap-mkw
sImp-t]m-Ip--hpw em`w DmI---
hw hyh sN-Ww. A\y-cm-Py--fn-
tepw Zzo]m-c -
- f- n-tepw I Ib-dn-tm-
Ip Xs P\- sf kh{X cnv
bmsXmcp ZpxJhpw t\cn- S p- h m- \ nS hcmsX
Imp-sIm--Ww.
4. cmPmhv Znh-kh - pw tPmen Xocp-tm B\,
IpXnc apX-emb hml-\-, cXv\w apX-emb
Ipgn-s-Sp- J\n-I, `WvUmcw Fn-h-
bnse hc-hp-sN-ehp IW-p-I apX-emh ]cn-
tim-[n--Ww.
5. cmPmhv Cs\ kIe hyh-lm-c-fpw
bYm- h n[n \S- p- I bpw \S- n- p- I bpw
sNbvXv kIe ]m]--tfbpw Zqco-I-cnv ]c-a-
amb tam-kp-Js {]m]n-p-p.
tNmZyw:- kwkvIrX `mj-bn-ep cmP-\oXn
]qWtam A]qWtam?
Dcw:- ]qW-am-Wv. `qtem-I-n {]Nm-
c-n-ep-m-bn-cp--hbpw {]Nm-c-n hcm-hp-
-h-bp-amb kIe cmPy-X-{hpw kwk-Ir-X-
n \nv FSp--Xm-Wv. AXn kv]-jvS-
ambn ]d-bm hnj-b-sf kw_-n-v
{]Xylw temI- Z r- j v s sS imkv { X- Z r-
jvssS tlXp`nx (a-\p. 8.3) GsXmw \nb-
a- cmPm-hn\pw {]P-Ipw kpJ-{]-Z
[am- \ p- k r- X - - f p- a mbn tXmp- pthm
AsXmw sshZpjyw XnI hnZz-\--f-
S-nb. cmP-k-`-bn \nn-t--Xm-Ip-p.
Fm, C-d-bp hnj-b--fn Fpw
{]tXyIw {i-sh-bvt--XmWv:- Ign-bp-n-
S-tmfw _mey-hn-hm-ls A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-
cn--Ww. bu-\-nepw h[q-h-c-m-cpsS ]c-
kv ] c {]oXn- t bmSpIqSnb- msX hnhmlw
sNp-Itbm sNn-p-Itbm Acp-Xv. {_-Ncyw
th-hw A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw A\p-jvTn-n-p-
Ibpw sN-Ww. hy`n-Nm-chpw _lp-hn-hm-lhpw
\n- e m- - W w,. A{]- I mcw sNbv X m
am{Xta ico-c-n\pw Bflm-hn\pw ]qW-amb
_ew kZm Dm-hp-I-bp-q. Bfl-_-es
am{Xw AXm-bXp hnZy m\w Fn-hsb
am{Xw hn-n-p-I-bpw--i-co-c-_ew hn-
n-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-bmepw _e-hm-
\mb Hcp ]pcp-j m\n-Ifpw hnZzm-m-cp-
amb At\-Im-bncw P\-sf Pbn-p-hm
i- \ m- b n- c n- pw. t\sc- a - d n- v , ico- c - _ ew
am{Xw hn-n-p-Ibpw Bfl-_ew hn-n-
m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm hnZym-`ymkw
kXymY-{]-Im-iw
knn-m--Xp-sIm-v, Imtem-Nn-X-amb cmPy-
]-cn-]m-e\w Hcn-epw kmym-am-hp-I-bn-.
cmPy-`-c-W-n\v DNn-X-hy-h sNbvXn-s-
n \mp-Im apgp-h\pw ]c-kv]cw Ie-lnpw
Xn Xnbpw bpw sNbvXpw \in-p-t]m-
Ipw. AXn-\m ico-c-_-ehpw Bfl-_-ehpw
Hcp-t]mse Fpw hn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-W - w.
hy`n-Nm-cw, hnj-b-kp-J-n-ep AXym-kn
Fn-h-sb-tmse _pn-tbbpw _e-tbpw
\in-n-p--Xmb {]hrn thsd-sbm-p-an-.
{Xn-b hnti-jnpw ZrV-Im-b-mcpw _e-
hm-mcpw Bbn-cn-WwXm\pw. Fs-m
Ah Xs hnj-bm-k--cm-bvom
cmP[aw apgp-h\pw \inp t]mIp-a-tm. bYm
cmPm XYm {]Pmx F--a-c-N sNbvhq
amtem-I-cp-a-tX-hn[w FXpw kvac-Wo-b-am-
Wv. AXn-\m cmPmhpw cmP-]p-cp-j-mcpw
Zpjv{]-hr-n-IsN-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw kh-Ym-
\ym-b-tmSpw [-tmSpw IqSn hn-v,
kIe P\- pw A`yp- Z - b - a p- m- I -
hw, BZi-amb PohnXw \bn-p--
XmWv DNn-Xw.
cmP-[-ns Npcp- - n-ep hnh-cWw
ChnsS Fgp-Xn. thZ-,-a\ - p-kvar-Xn-bnse Ggv
Fv HXv Fo Aym-b-,ip-{I-\o-Xn,-hn-
- fpw Zq-c-{]-Pm-K-c-]w, alm-`m-c-X-nse imn-
]-n-e-S-nb cmP-[aw B]-aw apX-
emb {K- t\mn Ah-bnse hnkvXrX
hnh-c-W-n \np cmP-\o-Xn-bn ]qW-
amb m\w km-Znv aWvU-te-iz-c-ttbm
km-s`ua\mb N{I-hn-bp-tStbm ]Z-
hnsb {]m]n--Ww. hbw {]Pm-]tXx {]Pm
A`p-a. (bPpx 18 29) bPpth-Z-n-ep--XmWv
Cu hN-\w. \mw {]Pm-]XnbpsS,-A-Xm-bXv
kth-iz-c-s, {]P-I BIpp Fv, Adn-
n-cn--Ww. ]c-amflmhv \psS cmPmhpw
\mw Ahn-Spt {]P-I-fp-am-Wv. Ahn-Spv Xncp-
hpw I\n-v, \s Ahn-Sps krjvSn-bm-
Ip cmPy-n A[n-Im-cn-I-fmbn \nb-an-v,
kXyw \ymbw Fo kz[as \psS
ssIsImp {]hn-n-p-am-dm-I-s.
ASp kap-m-k-n Cuiz-c, thZ-
Fnh \ncq-]Ww sNp--Xm-Wv.
{ioa--bm-\--k-c-kz-Xo-kzm-an-I-fm
hnc-Nn-X-amb kXymY-{]-Im-i-n
cmP-[a-sf hnh-cn-p
Bdmw kap-mkw Ign-p.
125
kXym-{]-Im-iw Cuiz-c thZw

126
 Ggmw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw

7
Ggmw kap-mkw

kXymY-{]-Imiw
Cuiz-c thZw
AY Cuizc thZ-hn-jb {]hymax
C\n Cuiz-c, thZw Fo hnj-b- hymJm-\n-p-p.
Cu-iz-cs KpW-hW-\ amb KpW-Ia kz`m-h - s- f-m-ap-Xpw kIe
hnZzm-mcpw `qan kqcy apX-emb kIe temI-
1. EtNm Atc ]ctathyma-\y-kvan\v
fpw {]Xn-jvTn--s--Xpw. BImiw t]mse
tZhm A[n hntiz-\n-tjZpx; bkvXthZ
Fpw \ndp hn-p--Xpw, tZh-m-cp-
InarNm Icn-jy-Xn-bC-Zzn-ZpkvX Cta kam-
sSbpw tZh-\mb B kth-iz-cs\ Bcm--
k-tX.(E 1.164. 39)
dn-bp-Ibpw Bcm-[n-p-I-bpw, [ym\n-p-Ibpw
2. Cuim hmky-anZMv kcvhw bXvIn sNm a\p-jy \mkvXn-Icpw a-_p-n-Ifpw
PKXymw PKXv; tX\ Xyt\ `pRvPo-Ymam ZpxJ-km-K-c-n ]Xnp InS-p--h-cp-a-t{X.
Kr[x- I-ky-kzn--\-av. (bPp.40.1) B kth-iz-cs\ Adn-bp--Xp-sIm-p-am{Xta
3.-A-lw-`phw hkp\x ]qcvh-kv]-Xn-clw a\p-jy\v kZm kpJw e`n-q.
[\m-\n kw Pbman iizXx: amw lh]nXc th-Z-n At\Iw Cuiz-c-mtcm?
\ P-thmflw. Zmiptj- hn-`-Pm-an-t`m-P-\-av.
tNmZyw:- thZ-n At\Iw Cuiz-c - m
4.-A-l-ant{m \ ]cm-PnKy C\w \ arXy-
Dv . CXv \n AwKo- I - c n- p- pthm
th-hX tI-Zm-N\: tkma-anam kp\ztm
Ctbm?
bmNXm hkq\-ta. ]qchx kcp-tb-cn-jm-Y\
(E. 10.48.1.5) Dcw:- AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. Fs-m
\mep-th-Z--fn-sem-cn-Spw As\ ]d-n-
5. AlwZmw KrWtX ]qcvhyw hkzlw
n Fp-am-{X-a Hcp Cuizct\ Dsv ]d-
{_-Ir-Whw alyw hcv[-\-av. Alw-`phw
n-p-ap-v.
bP-am-\ky tNmZnXmfbPz\x kmn hnizm-
kvan `tc.(E 10. 49.1) 1 tNmZyw:- thZ--fn At\-I-tZ-h-X-I-sf-
n ]d-n-p--Xns Xmev]-cy-sa-mWv?
1 EtNm Atc F a{-ns AYw:-
{_-Ncym-{i-a-in--bn 2 ]dp Ign- Dcw:- ]rYnhn apX-em-b-hbvv Znhy-Kp-W-
p. Chn-sSbpw `mjm-t`Z-tmsS Ah Znhy- -fp--Xp-sIm-mWv tZh-X-I-sfp ]d-bp--
Xv. Fm Ch Cuiz-c-\m-sW-tm, D]m-k-
1. t]Pv 118. \m-tbm-Ky-am-sWtm AwKo-I-cn-n-n-. Cu
2. Cu a{w kXymY-{]-Imiw aqe-n-en-. AYw
sImSp-n-p--Xp-sImv ChnsS a{hpw tN-Xm- a{-n Xs ""GsXm-cp-h\ - n kIe tZh-
Wv.

127
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
X-Ifpw nXn-sN-p-pthm Ah-s\-bt{X
Adn-tbXpw D]m-kn-t--Xpw.'' Fp ]d-
n-p-Xp t\mp-I. tZh Fp tIm
Cuiz-c Fp {Kln-p-Xp sXm-Wv. tZh-
-mc
- p-tSbpwIqSn tZh-\m-bX - p-sIm-mWv kth-
iz-cs\ alm-tZ-h-s\p ]d-bp--Xv. kIe
temI--fp-sSbpw krjvSn-n-Xn-kw-lm-c-
\S-p--h\pw \ymbm-[o-i\pw A[n-]-Xnbpw
Atlw Xs. ""{Xb-kv{Xnwi-{Xn-i-Xm''
CXymZn {]amWw thZ--fn-teXp Xs-bmWv
iX-]Y {_m-Wn CXns hymJym\w
t\mp-I. ""ap-n-aqp tZh--X-I Cu IW-
-\p-k-cn-m-Wv--]r-Yn-hn, Pew, An, hmbp,
BIm- i w, N{, kqcy, \- { X-
Fnh krjvSn-bpsS hmk-m-\-am-I-bm
Fp hkp- - f m- W v . {]mW, A]m- \ ,
hym\, DZm-\, kam-\, \mK, Iq,
IrI-e, tZh-Z - , [\-RvPb - , Pohm-flm-
hv, Fo ]Xn-s\mp cp{Z-mcpw ico-cs
XyPnp t]mIp-tm tcmZ\w sNn-p--h-
cm-Wv. AXn-\m cp{Z-m-scp ]d-bp-p. kwh-
- c - nse ]{p amk- Fm- h - c p-
sSbpw Bbp-ns\ A]-l-cn-p--Xp-sImv
ZzmZ-im-Zn-Xy-m Fp ]d-bp-p. ]c-a-amb
sFiz- c y- n\p ImcWw an- e m- I - b m
AXns\ C{ Fp ]d-bp-p. hmbp, ag,
shw, Huj-[n-I Fn-hsb ipo-I-cn-p-
- X n- \ mepw hnZz- - \ - fpsS kXv I mcw
At\I hn[- n- e p inev ] - h n- Z y- I - f psS
{]Nmcw Fn-h-bmepw {]P-Isf ]men-p---
Xp-sImpw b-n\pw {]Pm-]Xn Fv ]d-
bp-p. C-d ap-n-aqpw ap]-d-
KpW--fp--Xn-\m tZh-X-I-fm-Wv. Ch-bp-sS-
sbmw A[n-]-Xnbpw Fm-n-t\-mfpw _rl-
p- a mb kth- i z- c ap- n- \ m- e m- a s
tZh\pw Fm-hpw D]m-ky-\p-am-Wv. Fp
iX-]-Y-{_m--W-n ]Xn-\memw ImWvU-
n kv]jvS-ambn ]d-n-pv. C-d
imkv{X- t\mn- b m thZ- - f n
At\Iw Cuiz-c-m-sc-n ]d-n-p-s
sXns he-bn IpSp-m-Xn-cn-mw.
2. Atbm a\pjym Cu krjv S n- b n
ImWp kIe Ncm-Nc -
- f- nepw hym]n-n-cpv
kh-\n-b-m-hmbn hnf-p--h-\mWv Cuiz-
c. At-ls `bv \o ]c-[\w A\ym-b-
Cuiz-c thZw
ambn B{K- l n- m- X n- c n- p- I . A\ymbw
shSnv \ymbm-Nc - Wam-Ip [a-tm-Sp-IqSn
Ah-\-hs Bflm-hn canv B\--a-\p-`-hn-
p-sIm-n-cn-p-I.
3. Cuiz-c Fm-h-scbpw D]t-Z-in-pp:-
am\-htc! Rm Cuiz-c\pw as-m-h-tc-
mfpw hep--ap--h-\pw, kI-e-P-K-n-sbpw
A[n-]X - nbpw BIp-p. PK-ns aqe-Im-cWw
Rm\m-Ip-p. kh-k--p-I-tfbpw Pbnp
kzm[o-\-s-Sp-p-Xpw Zm\w \Ip-Xpw
Rm Xs-bm-Wv. kIe Poh-Pm-e-fpw
Fs ]p{X- m ]nXm- h n- s \- s b- - t ]mse
Xs hnNm- c np hnfn- - s . Fm- h pw
kuJyw \Ip PK-n-\p-th-n, \m\m-Xcw
Blm-c-sf hn`-Pnv ]cn-]m-e-\-n-\mbn
Rm \In-bn-cn-p-p.
4. ]c-ssa-iz-cy-hm-\mb Rm kqcy-Xpeyw
kI-e-tem-I--tfbpw {]Im-in-n-p-sIm-n-cn-
p--h-\m-Wv. Rm Hcn-epw ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-
I-bn-. acn-p-Ibpw C. temI-am-Ip [\-
ns krjvSmhv Rm Xs. kIe PK-n-
sbpw {kjvSn-Imhpw Rm Xs F-
dn-bp-I. am\-htc! sFizcye_v[n-mbn {]b-
Xv \ n- p \n- s f- m- h cpw hnm- \ mZn
[\s Ftm-Sp-Xs At]-np hmp-
hn. Fs ssa{Xnsb \n Hcn- epw
ssIsh-Sn-b-cp-Xv.
5. kXy-ambn kvXpXn-p a\p-jy\v Rm
k\m-X-\-amb hnm-\-k-p \Ip-p.
{_-sap IqSn t]cp thZs shfn-hm-
n-b-h Rm Xs. B thZ- hgn-bmw-
hw shfn-hm-p s]mcpfpw Rm Xs.
thZ-n-eqsS Fm-h-cp-sSbpw m\s
hn-n-p-Xpw Rm Xs-bm-Wv. k-
\-sf {]hn-n-ppw b- sNp-
-hp ^ew \Ip-Xpw Rm\m-Ip-p. Cu
hniz-n-ep-s - Xmw Imcy-hk - vXp-s- f-sbmw
krjvSnv [mcWw sNp-Xpw Rm Xs.
AXn-\m \n Fs hnv asm-n-t\bpw
F\np ]Icw ]qPn--cp-Xv, am\n--cp-Xv, Adn-
b-cp-Xv.
lnc-Wy-Kcv`x ka-hcv-Xmt{K `qXky
PmXx]Xn-tcI BkoX;v kZm[mc ]rYnhow
Zymap-tXamw Ikvssa-tZ-hmb lhnjm hnt[a
(b-Pp. 13.4)
128
 Ggmw kap-mkw
bPpth-Z-n-ep a{-am-WnXv:- Atbm
a\p-jytc! krjvSn-p-apv tXtPm-a-b--fmb
kqcymZn kIe temI--fp-sSbpw Dev-n-
m-\hpw B[m-ch - p-am-bn-cp-X
- pw, CXn-\p-app
Dm-bn-p-Xpw Ctm DffXpw C\n-ta
Dm-Ip--Xp-amb kIe ]Zm--fp-sSbpw
bPam-\-\m-bXpw, BIp-Xpw GsXm-cp-ht\m
Ah `qtemIw apX kqcy-temIw hsc-bp
krjvSn-ap-gp-h\pw \nnp cnp hn-p-
p. B\--kz-cq-]-\mb B ]c-am-flm-hn
R-sf-tmse \nfpw `n-bp-f-f-h-cm-Ip-I.
tNmZyw:- "Cuiz-c' "Cuiz-c' Fn-
s\ \n ]d-bp-p--tm. Fm
Cuiz- c - \ p- s p sXfn- b n- p- h m Ign-
bptam?
Dcw:- {]Xy-m-Zn-bmb Fm {]am-W-
-sf-smpw sXfn-bn-mw.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c-\p-s-p--Xn\v {]Xy-
mZn {]am-W--sfmpw Hcn-epw sXfn-
hm-Ip-n-tm?
Dcw:- C{n-bmcvY kn-Itjm-Xv]w
m\ ahy-]-tZ-iyahy`nNmcn hyh-km-bm-
flIw {]Xy-av (\ym-bw. 1.4)
KuX-a-a-ljn-bpsS \ymb-Zi-\-nse
Hcp kq{X-am-Wn-Xv. sNhn, aqv, Xzv, Iv,
\mv, a\v Fn-hbvv i_vZw, kv]iw,
Kw, cq]w, ckw, kpJZpx- J - Fo
kXym-k-Xy-hn-j-btfmSv kw_w sImp-
m-Ip m\-t-bmWv {]Xyw Fp
]d-bp--Xv. Fm AXp sXm-bn-cn--cp-Xv.
ChnsS Ipd-smp Nnn-t--Xp-v:- C{n-
b- a\-tm-Sp-IqSn tNcp-tm KpW-
am{Xta {]Xy--am-Ip-p-q. KpWn {]Xy--
am-Ip-n-. Xzv, Iv, \mv, aqv Fo C{n-
b--sf-sm-pw kv]iw, cq]w, ckw, Kw
Fo \mep KpW--fpsS m\-amWv Dm-
Ip--Xv. AXp-hgn KpWn-bmb ]rYhn Bflm-
hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn kwbp--am-bn-p a\-n
{]Xy-o-`-hn-p-p. AXp-t]mse Cm-Wp
krjvSn-bpsS cN-\m-hn-ti-jmZn m\m-{i-b-
-fmb KpW- {]Xy--am-Ip-tm PK-Zo-
iz-c\pw {]Xyo-`-hn-p-p. Bflmhp a\-
ns\ t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw a\v C{n-b-sf
GsX-nepw Hcp hnj-b-tmSp IqSn kwtbm-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Pn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-tm As-n a\pw
C{n-b- fpw tamjWw apX-emb Zpjv{]-hr-n-
I-tfm ]tcm-]-Imcw XpS-nb kXvIr-Xy-tfm
sNp-hm Bcw-`n-p-tm-P- o-hm-flm-hn-ep
C m\w apX-emb KpW- B A`n-e-
jnX hnj-b-n-tep sNp-p. AtX W-
n Xs Bflm-hns A`m-K-n
No sNp- - X n `bw, kwibw, e
Fn-hbpw kXvIrXyw sNp-Xn ss[cyw
kwi-b-cm-ln-Xyw. ktm-jw, Dm-lw, Fn-
hbpw Dm-Ip-p. CXp Pohm-flm-hn \n-
. ]c-am-flm-hn \nm-Wp-m-Ip-X- .v IqSmsX
Pohm-flmhp ]cn-ip--ambn ]c-am-flm-hns\
[ym\n-p-tm AXn\p Pohm-flmhpw ]c-am-
flmhpw {]Xy--am-Ip-p. {]Xy--am-Ip-s-
n A\p-am-\m-Zn-IsImv Cuiz-c-m\w
Dm-Ip-sa--Xn kwi-b-sa-mWv? Imcyw
In-m-Wtm Imc-Ws A\p-am-\n-p--Xv.
Cu-iz-cs hym]-I-Xzw
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c Fpw hym]n-n-cn-p-
pthm Hcn-Sp hkn-p-pthm?
Dcw:- Fpw hym]n-n-cn-p-p. Hcn-S - p-
am{Xw nXn-sN-p-p-sh-n khm--bm-
an- b pw, k- - \ pw, kh- \ n- b - mhpw ,
{kjv S m- h pw, kwc- - I - \ pw, kwlm- c - I \pw
Bbn-cn-p-hm km[n-p-X -
- . Im-hns
kmnyw Cm--bn-Sv {Inb-bp-an-.
Z-bm-ephpw \ymb-Im-cn-bpw
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c Zbm-ephpw \ymb-Im-
cn-bpamtWm?
Dcw:- AtX.
tNmZyw:- C-d cp KpW-fpw ]c-
kv ] - c - h n- c p- - - f m- W v . \ymbw \S- p
]w Zbbpw Zb ImWn- p ]w
\ymbhpw Dt]-n-tn hcpw. \ymb-sap
]d-bp-Xp I--f-\p-k-cnv G-p-d-hp-
I IqSmsX kpJ-Zpx-J-sf \Ip-I-bm-Ip-
p. Ipw sNbvX-hs\ inn-msX hn-b-
bvp--Xn-s\-bmWp Zb Fp ]d-bp--Xv.
\ym-bhpw Zb-bpw
Dcw:- \ymbw. Zb Fn-hbvp Xn
\ma-am-{X-t`-Z-ta-bp-q. \ymbw sImp knn-
p {]tbm-P\w Xs-bmWp Zb-sImpw
129
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
e`n-p-X - v. a\p-jy Ipw sNp-X - n \np
]nh-en-bp-Ibpw ZpxJ-a\ - p-`h- n-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp--Xn-\mWv in \Ip--Xv. ap--h-
cpsS ZpxJ-sf Zqco-I-cn-p--Xn-s\-bmWv Zb-
sbp ]d-bp--Xv. Zb, \ymbw Fn-hbvv
\n ]d Aw icn-b-. Fs-m
GXp Zpjv I w Hcp- h F{X- t mfw
sNbvXpthm Ah\v AXn\p X-hw in
\evI-Ww. AXmWv \ymbw. Ipw sNbvX-h\p
in \Ip-n-s-n Zb-bn-m-Xm-hpw, Ip-
m-c-\mb Is\ inn-msX hnm AXv
At\-Im-bncw kXv]p-cp-j - mv D]-{Z-ha - m-Ipw.
Hcp-hs\ inn-msX hn-b-p--Xp-sImv
At\-Im-bncw P\-p ZpxJw t\cn-Sp-sa-
n AsX-s\ Zb-bmIpw? B Is\ XS-
hn-enp ]m]-Ia-f - n \npw AIn \np-
- X p- s Imv Is t\tcbpw Ahs\
sImp-I-f-bp--Xp-sImv ap At\-Im-
bncw Bfp-I-fpsS t\scbpw Zb ImWn-p-p.
tNmZyw:- ]ns-sb-n\v \ymbw, Zb Fo
cp hmp-I Dmbn? B cp hmp-
I-fp-sSbpw AYw Hp-X-s-bm-sW-n
cp hmp-I shdp-sX-bm-W-tm. Hcp ]Zw
am{Xw Dm-bn-cn-p--XmWp \-Xv. A-
s\bm--Xn-\m Zb-bp-sSbpw \ymb-n-
sbpw {]tbm-P\w H-sp a\-n-em-Ip-
p.
Dcw:- Htc AYs t_m[n-n-p
At\Iw hmp-Ifpw Htc hmn\p At\Iw
AY-fpw Dm-Im-dnt?
tNmZyw:- Dv?
Dcw:- ]ns Fp-sIm-mWv \nv
kwi-b-ap-m-bXv?
tNmZyw:- temI-n As\ ]d-p-
tIp--Xp-sIm-p-X-s?
Dcw:- temI-n kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw
]d- b p- Xv A- s \- ] - d p tImw.
Fm Ahsb ]cn-tim-[np \nW-bn-t-
Xv Ah-\-hs IS-a-bm-Ip-p. kIe Pohn-
I-fp-sSbpw Pohn-tXm-tiw km[n-p--Xn\v
temI- n- e p kakv X hkv X p- - s fbpw
krjvSnp \evIn-bn-cn-p-Xv Cuizcs Zb-
bm-Wv. CXn-ep-]cn al-mb Zb GXmWv?
G-p-dh - p-It- fm-Sp-Iq-Snb kpJ-Zpx-Jh
Cuiz-c thZw
\ymb-^-es {]Xy--s-Sp-p-p. \ymbw,
Zb Ch cn\pw Xn-ep t`Zw C{X-am-{X-
am-Wv. Fm-hpw kpJ-ap-m-IWsapw
ZpxJ- \o-W-sapw C-P-\n-p-Ibpw
AXn-\-\p-k-cnp {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp--
Xns\ Zb-sbpw _mly-tN-jvS-I-sf--_-\w
h[w apX-emb in-I-sf--\ymbw Fpw ]d-
bp-p. Fm-h-scbpw ]m]-n \npw ZpxJ-
-fn \npw ths]-Sp-pI F-Xp-X-s-
bmWv cn-sbpw {]tbm-P-\w.
\ncm-Im-ct\m kmImc-t\m
{]iv\w:- Cuiz-c kmImct\m \ncm-Im-
cmt\m ?
Dcw:- \ncm-Im-c. kmImc-\m-sW-n
hym]-I-\m-hp-I-bn-. hym]-I-\-s-n kh-
Xzw apX-eh - mb KpW- Cuiz-c\p tNcp-
I-bn-. ]cn-anX hkvXp-hn-ep KpW-Ia-kz-
`m-h-fpw ]cn-an-X-am-bn-cn-p-a-tm. IqSmsX
Cuiz-c kmIm-c-\m-sW-n iotXm-jvW-
hnipw Zml-hpw, tcmK-, tZmj-,
tOZ-\w, t`Z\w apX-emb {Inb-I Fn-h-
sbmpw Gm--h-\m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. AXn-
\m Cuiz-c \ncm-Im-c Xs-bm-Wv. Cuiz-
c kmIm-c\ - m-sW-n Cuiz-cs Iv, aqv,
sNhn apX-emb Ah-b-h- \nn-p
thsdm- c p- h Dm- b n- c n- - W w. kwtbmKw
sImp-m-Ip hkvXp-sf kwtbm-Pn-n-p-
hm kmIm- c \pw tNX- \ \pamb Hcp- h
thWw. Cuiz-c kzw C-sImp kzi-co-
cs kzbw krjvSn-p-Ib - mWp sNbvXs - Xp
]d-mepw ico-c-\nam-W-n\p app \ncm-
Im-c-\m-bn-cp-p-shp knn-p-p. AXn-\m
]c-am-flmhv Hcn-epw icocw [cn-p-n-.
\ncm- I m- c - \ m- b n- c pv kIe PK- n- t \bpw
kqva-Im-c-W--fn \nv qe-cq-]s
{]m]n-p--tX-bp-q.
kh-i-
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c kh-i--\mtWm
Atbm?
Dcw:- kh-i--\m-Wv. Fm kh-
i-n-am F ]Z-n\p \n [cn-p-h-n-
p AY-an-. kh-i-n-am F-Xns
AYw CXmWv:- Cuiz-c\v Xs I-hy-
- y-h amb krjvSn-n-Xn-kw-lm-c- \nh-ln-p-
130
 Ggmw kap-mkw
-Xn\pw kIe Pohm-flm--fp-sSbpw ]pWy-
]m-]-hy-h bYm-tbmKyw \S-p--Xn\pw
Hpw ]c-k-lmbw th. Af-hn-m kzkm-
aYyw sImp Xs kh-Ia-fpw, \nh-
ln-pp FYw.
tNmZyw:- Xt-m hep-Xmbn amcpw
Cm- - X p- s Imv Cuiz- c Xnjv S w
t]mse {]hn-p-sav R hnNm-cn-
p-p.
Dcw:- Cuiz-c\v Fn-emWv C-bp-Xv?
Fm-nepw C-bp-spw Fpw sNp-hm
i- \ m- s Wpw \n ]d- b p ]w
kzbw\in-p-hm-\pw, At\Iw Cuiz-c-msc
krjv S n- p- h m- \ pw, kzbw aqV- \ m- b n- o- c p-
hm\pw tamjWw apX-emb ]m]-I-
sNm\pw ZpxJn-X-\m-Ip-hm\pw Ign-bptam? C-
d {]-hr-n-I-sfmw Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-
kz-`m-h-p hncp--fmsWp ]d-bp-I-
bm-sW-n, Cuiz-c\v Fm Ia-fpw sNp-
hm km[n-p-sap \n ]d-Xpw icn-
bm-hp-n-. AXn-\m kh-i-n-am F
]Z-n\p Rm ]d AYw Xs-bmWp
icn.
A-\m-Zn
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c BZn-bp-h
- t\m A\m-
Zntbm?
Dcw:- A\m-Zn. Imc-Whpw ]qh-Im-ehpw
Cm- - X ns\ A\mZn Fp ]d- b p- p.
CsXmw {]Y-tam-m-k-n ]dp Ign-
p. AsXmw AhnsS t\mn a\-n-em-p-
I.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-cs C FmWv?
Dcw:- Fm-hpw tahpw kpJhpw
Dm-I-W-sa-mWv Cuiz-c Cn-p--Xv.
]m]w sNm Hcp-h-t\bpw Cuiz-c tkz-
bm asm-cp-hs ASn-a-bm-p-Ibn-.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-cs\ kvXpXn-p-Ibpw
{]mn- p- I bpw D]m- k n- p- I bpw
sNtWm thtbm?
Dcw:- sN-Ww.
tNmZyw:- kvXpXn-p-Ibpw apw sNp--
hsc Cuiz-c Xs \nbaw hnv ]m]-n
\np tamNn-n-ptam?
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw:- C.
tNmZyw:- ]ns-n-\mWv kvXpXn-p-Xpw
{]mn-p-Xpw?
Dcw:- AXns ^ew asm-m-Wv.
tNmZyw:- AsX-mWv?
kvXp-Xn-t`-Z-
Dcw:- Cuiz-c--ep-m-Ip kvt\lw
Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--fn \nv Ah-
\-hs KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-p-m-Im-hp
kwkvImcw Fn-h-bmWv kvXpXn-bpsS ^ew.
{]mY\ sImv A`n-am-\-an-m-bva, Dm-lw,
klmbw Fnh e`n-p-p. ]c-{_--ns
kmmm-chpw kmbq-Py-kn-n-bp-amWv D]m-
k-\-bpsS ^ew.
tNmZyw:- CsXmv hy-ambn ]d-p-X-
cWw?
Dcw:- Cuiz-c-kvXpXn CXmWv:- k ]cy-
Km-p-{I-a-Im-b-a-{h-W-a-kv\m-hncMv ip-a-]m-
]-hn-av Ihocva-\ojn ]cn`qx kzbw-`q-cym-Ym-
Xy-tXmcvYm hrZ-[mmizXo`yx kam`yx (b-
Pp. 40. 8)
kh-hym-]n-bpw. io{L-Imcnbpw, A\--_-
e-hm-\pw, ipkz-cq-]\pw kh-\pw, km-
cym-anbpw kthm-]-cn-tim-`n-p--h\pw k\m-
X-\\pw kzbw-`q-hp-amb Cuiz-c k\m-X\cpw
A\m-Zn-If - p-amb Pohm-flm-f - m-Ip Xs {]P-
Ip k\m-X-\-amb thZ-hnZy D]-tZ-inv
Bh-iy-amb ]ZmY-m\w Df-hm-n-sm-Sp-
p-p. Cuiz-cs\ Hmtcmtcm KpW--tfm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-b-h-\mbn k-ev]nv sNp kvXpXn-bm-
I-bm CXv kKp-W-kvXp-Xn-bm-Wv. ]c-am-flmhv
Hcn-epw P-sa-Sp-p-Itbm icocw [cn-p-
Itbm sNp-n-. On{Z--sfm-p-an-m
Cuiz-c \mUnR-c-p-I-fm _n-X-\m-hp-
n-. Hcn-epw ]m]- sNp-n-. ti-
fpw ZpxJ-fpw Am-\hpw Dm-Ip-n-
. Fn-s\ cmK--tZz-jmZnI-fmb Hmtcm KpW-
-fn \nv AIp \nevpp Fp k-
ev]nv sNp Cuiz-c-kvXpXn \nKp-W-kvXp-
Xn-bm-Ip-p. Cuiz-c-\n GsXmw KpW-Ia-
kz- ` m- h - - f p- - X mbn k- e v ] n- p- pthm
AXmXv KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-sf Ah-\-h-\n
]Ip--XmWv Cu kvXpXn-bpsS {]tbm-P-
131
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
\w. Atlw Fs\ \ymb-hn-[m-Xm-hm-Ip-
pthm As\ Xm\pw \ymb-hn-[m-Xm-hm-I-
Ww. kvXpXn-]m-T-I-s\-tmse ]c-ta-iz-cs
KpW-sf shdptX ]pI-gvn-m-Sn-sm-n-cn-
p-Ibpw kzw {]hr-n-Isf ]cn-jv-cn-m-
Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--hs kvXpXn shdp-sX-
bm-Wv.
1. bmw ta[mw tZh- K Wmw ]nX- c -
tm]mktX; Xbm ama-Zy-ta-[-bm-t-ta-[m-
hn\wIpcp kzmlm. (b-Pp. 32 14)
2. tXtPmfkn tXmtPm-ab - n-t[ln; hocy-akn
hocyw abn-t[ln; _e-akn _ew abn t[ln
HmtPmftkymtPm abn t[ln; a\ypckn a\ypw
abn t[ln; ktlmfkn ktlm abn t[ln.
(b-Pp. 19. 9)
3. bm-{KtXm Zqc-ap-ssZXn ssZhw XZp
kp]vXky XssY- s shXn Zqc- M vKaw
tPymXnjmw tPymXn-tcIw Xt a\x inh
k-ev]-a-kvXp.
4. tb\ Icv a m- W y- ] tkm a\o- j ntWm
.bt IrWzn hnZ-tYjp [ocmx; bZ-
]qcv h w b- a x {]Pm\mw Xt a\x
inhk-ev]-akvXp.
5. bXv {]m-\-apX tNtXm [rXnivN
btym-Xn-c--c-arXw {]Pmkp bkvam
EtX InwN\ Icva {InbtX Xt a\x inh-
k--ev]-a-kvXp.
6. tbt\Zw `qXw `ph\w `hn-jyXv ]cnKr
loX-aa - r-tX\ kcvhav;tb\ bkvXmbtX
k]vXtlmXmXt-a\x inh-k-ev]akvXp.
7. bkvan-rN kma bPqMv job-kvan
{]Xn jv T nXm cY\m`mhn- h mcmx; bkv a nw-
nMv kcvh-tamXw {]Pm\mw Xt-a\x
inh-k ev]akvXp.
8. kpjm-c-Yn-c-izm-\nh b-\p-jymt
\obtXf`oip-`ncvhm-Pn\ Ch; lrXv {]Xn-jvTw
bZ-Pncw PhnjvTw Xt a\x inh-k--ev]-
akvXp (b-Pp. 34. 1. 6).
1. tl At--{]-Im-i-kz-cq-]-\mb kth-
iz-cm Ahn-Spv Zbhp sNbvXv, GsXmcp
_pn-tb-bmtWm hnZzm-mcpw m\n-Ifpw
tbmKn--Ifpw D]m-kn-p--Xv, B _pn \evIn
Rsf _pn-am-m-cm-n-bmepw!
2. `K-h! Ahn-Sp-p-{]-Im-i-cq-]n-bm-Ip-p.
Cuiz-c thZw
Zb-hp-sNbvXv Fnepw {]Im-is {]Xn-jvTn-
m-epw. Ah-Snv Af-h ]cm-{I-a-ap--h-\m-Wv,
Ir]-sNbvXv Fnepw ]cm-{I-aa - p-fh
- m-n-bm-epw.
Ahn-Spv Af-h _e-ap--h-\m-Wv. Fnepw
_ew ]Im- e pw. Ahn- S pv A\- - a mb
kmay-ap--h-\m-Wv, F\npw ]qW-km-
aYyw \In-bm-epw, Ahn-Spv ZpjvS-Ia--
fpsSt\scbpw Zpjv S - P - \ - - f psS t\scbpw
t{Im[-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\m-Wv. Fsbpw A{]-
Im-c-ap--h-\m-n-bm-epw, Ahn-Sp-v \nm-kvXp-
Xn- I - t fbpw Xtm- S p A]- c m- [ - t fbpw
an-p--h-\m-Wv. Zbhp sNbvXv Ftbpw
A{]-Im-c-am--tW.
3. Zbm-\nt[! \nn-cp-hS- n-bpsS Icp-Ws - Imv
Fs a\v Pm{K- Z - h - - b n hfsc Zqc-
tp t]mIp- p, Znhy- K p- W - b p- - a mbn
nXn-sN-p-Ibpw sNp-p. B a\p Xs
Rm Dd-p-tm kpjp-]vXnsb {]m]n-p-
p. kz]v\m-h - b - n AtX a\v Zqsc sNp-
-Xp-t]mse hyh-l-cn-p-p. Fm {]Im-inX
hkvXp--sfbpw {]Im-in-n-p Fs a\v
inh-k--ev]--X-\npw ap--hpw \-bm-
{K-ln-p--Xv--bp--am-I-s. Bpw lm\n
hc-cp-sXv B{K-ln-p--Xm-I-s.
4. khm--cymao! Ia-\n-c-X-cm-b, ss[cy-
hm-m-cmb hnZzm-m bbp-m-Zn-If - n Ia-
a-\p-jvTn-p--Xn\p Imc-Whpw A]qh-amb
kmaYy-ns Ccn-n-Shpw ]qP-\o-bhpw {]P-
I-fpsS AIta hn-p-Xpw Bb Fs
a\v [am- N - c - W - n C- b p- Xpw
A[as khYm XyPn-p--Xp-am-I-s.
5. DIr-jvS - m\ kzcq-]h - pw, ap-h - v
m\-{]-Za - mb \n-b - m-flI- h- r-nbpw P\-Xm-
-cw-K-n {]Imiw sNmcn-v \mi-c-ln-X-
ambn \nevp-Xpw AXns klm-b-sat\y
Bpw Hpw sNm km[n- m- Xpw
Bb Fs a\v kZvKpW--fn-n-p-Xpw
ZpKp-W--fn \np thdn--Xp-am-I-s.
6. PK-Zo-izcm! tbmKn-I `qX, `h-n-jy-Xv,
h-am\ Imcy- Adn-bm-\p-]t- bm-Kn-p
\mi-an-m Pohm-flm-hns\ ]c-am-flm-hn-t\mSp
tNv {XnIm-e - m-\a
- p-X - m-p PvRm\w
Iaw Fn- h bvv B{i- b - a mb Ap
mt\-{n-b- Bflmhv _pn Fn-h-
tbmSp tNn- c n- p tbmK- a m- I p
132
 Ggmw kap-mkw
bPvRs hn-n-p Fs a\v tbmK-
hn-m-\-bp-hpw Ahn-ZymZn ti--fn
\nv AI--Xp-am-I-s.
7. ]c-ah - n-Zzm-\mb ]c-ta-izc! A-bpsS Ir]-
bm, cY-N-{I-ns a[y-n \nv Bc-m-
ep-I t]mse EtKz-Zw, bPpth-Zw, kma-th-
Zw, AYh-thZw Fo \mep thZ-fpw {]Xn-
jvTnX-amb kh-\pw k-hym-]nbpw P\-
k- - b - ns kmnbpw Nn- n\v
ssNX\yw \evIp--h-\p-amb ]c-am-flm-hns
m\-ap-Zn-p Fs a\v Ahn-Zysb \in-
nv m\-bp--am-I-s.
8. kh-\n-b-m-hmb ]c-ta-izc! kmcYn
ISn-m sImv IpXn-c-Isf \nb-{n-p-
-Xp-t]mse a\p-jysc t\cmw-hw \S-p-
Xpw lrZ-b-n {]Xn-jvTn-Xhpw hfsc
thK-ap--Xp-amb Fs a\v Fm C{n-b-
-sfbpw A[am-N-c-W-n \n-In kZm
[a-\n-cX - a- m-I- - h
- w Av Ir]m-\p-{Klw
sNmcn-b-Ww.
At \b kp]Ymcmtb fAkvam
hnizm\n tZh hbp-\m\n hnZzm; bptbm-[y-
kva-qlpcmW-tat\m `qbnjvTmw tX \a f
Dnw hnt[a. (b-Pp. 40 aw. 16)
kpJ-Zm-Xmhpw kz{]-Imi kzcq-]\pw kh-
- \ p- a mb ]c- t a- i zc Av Rv
t{ijvT-amb am-n IqSn kqW-amb
m\-ap-f-hm-n-bm-epw. R-fnse ]m]m-N-
c-W-am-Ip IpSn-e-ams Rfn\nv
AI-n--f-m-epw. \nn-cp-hSn Rsf ]cn-
ip-c - m-tW! AXn-mbn R hfsc hn\-
b-tm-Sp-IqSn Asb Df-f-gnp {]mn-
p-p.
amt\m alm--apX am t\mfAcv`Iw am\
DapX am \ Dn-Xav; am t\m h[ox
]nXcw tamXamXcw am\x {]nbmkvXt\zm cp{Z
cocnjx (b-Pp. 16. 15)
cp{Z! ZpjvS-m sNp ]m]-n\v ZpxJ-
^ew \evIn Ahsc tcmZ\w sNn- p
Cuizc! Av R-fn sNdn-b-h-tcbpw hen-
b-h-tcbpw K`--tcbpw amXm-]n-Xm--m-
scbpw {]nb-_-p-P-\--sfbpw Ah-cpsS ico-
c- - s fbpw \in- n- m t{]cn- n- - c p- t X.
inbv v Al- c m- I mh- a p amK-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n Rsf \bn-m-epw.
AktXm am kZv Kab; Xatkm am
tPymXncvKab; artXmcvamf arXw Ka-tbXn
(i-X-]-Yw. 14. 3. 1. 30)
]ca- K p- c p- h mb kth- i zcm! Ahn- S pp
Rsf Zpam-f - n \nv AIn kmK-
n-tep \S-n-bm-epw. Ahn-Zy-bm-Ip Iqcn-
cp-ns\ amn hnm-\-am-Ip {]Im-is
ImWnp Xm-epw. arXyp-hm-Ip tcmK-n
\np tamNn-np tam--n-ep B\--cq-]-
amb Aar-Xs {]m]n-n-m-epw. GtXXp
tZmj--fn \ntm ZpKp-W-n \ntm,
Cuiz-c\pw XmXsbpw AIv \np--
Xmbn Nnnv Cuiz-c-{]m\ sNp-pthm
Ah-bnse hn[nbpw \ntj-[-fpw B {]m-
\sb kKp-Wtam \nKp-Wtam Bb {]m-
\-bm-p-p. {]mn-p hnj-b-n\v A\p-
k-cnv {]hn-p-Ibpw thWw. A\\y
km[m- c - W - a mb _pnin Inp- h m- \ mbn
Cuiz-cs\ {]mn-p--bm AXn\p thn
Ign-bp-n-S-tmfw {]b-Xv\n-p-Ibpw thWw.
Ign-bp-{X {]b-Xv\n--Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta
{]mn-mhq FYw.
Fs\ {]mn--cpXv?
""Cuizcm Ahn-Spv Fs i{Xp-sf \in-
n-t-Wta. Fs as-m-h-sc-mfpw hen-b-
h-\m-t-Wt- a. F\np am{Xta A[n-Imcw e`n-
m-hq. as-m-hcpw Fs ASn-a-I-fm-bn-o-c-
Ww.'' Fn--t\bpw apw Hcn-epw {]mn-
-cp-Xv. Cuiz-c AXp ssIsm-p-I-bn-.
cp i{Xp-fpw At\ym\yw \in-n-p--
Xn\p {]mn-m Cuiz-c Ccp-h-scbpw
\in-np If-bptam? A[nIw `n-bp--hs
{]m\ k^-e-am-tI--XmWv Fp ]d-
m `n- Ip-d - h
- s i{Xp-hn\pw Aev]w-
kzev ] w \miw kw`- h ntXm- s W- p
hpIq-Spw. Cs\ aqV-{]m\ sNbvXv
""Cuizcm Av tNm'dv D-mn Rsf `pPn-
n- m- e pw! Fs hosSmv ASn- p- X - f np
Xmepw! hkv { X- Ae- n- - mepw!
Irjn-{]-hr-n-IqSn \S-n--mepw'' Fsm-
sbpw {]mn- t - mw. Cs\ Fmw
Cuiz-c-\n-te-ev]nv Ae-k-cm-bn-cn-p--h
alm-aq-V-m-cm-Wv. ]pcp-jmw sN-W-sa
133
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Cuiz-cm ewLnp \S-p--hv Hcn-
epw kpJw Dm-hp-I-bn-. t\mpI:-
Ipcv - t - t hl Icv a mWn PnPn- h n- t j-
XMvkamx (bPp. 40. 2)
""Cuiz-c Bm-]n-p-p a\p-jy \qdp
kwh-cw AYhm Pohn-n-cn-p-n-S-tmfw
Imew Iaw sNbvXp-sImp Xs Pohn-n-cn-
p-hm Cn--Ww. Hcn-epw Ae-k-\m-I-cp-
Xv. Cuiz-c-kr-jvSn-bn tNX-\-fpw AtN-X-
\- - f p- a mbn F{X hkv X p- - f ptm Ah-
sbmw AXm-Xns Ia- sNbvXp-sIm-p-
X-s-bm-Wn-cn-p--Xv. Ddppw apw kZm {]b-
Xv\n-p-p. `qtKm-fmZn {Kl- kZm Xncn-
p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. ac- apX-em-bh
hfp hn-p-Ibpw bn-p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Cu ZrjvSm--
a\p-jyp ]mT-am-I-Ww. ]cn-{i-an-p--hsc
ap-h - klm-bn-p-X - p-t]mse [am-\p-kr-
X-ambn {]b-Xv\n-p--hsc Cuiz-c klm-
bn-p-p. ]cn-{i-a-io-e-\m-bn-p a\pjys\
am{Xta `rXy-\mbn \nb-an-m-dp-q. aSn-b-\m-
bn-p--hs\ \nb-an-m-dn-. Ip--h\pw
Imm B{K- l ap- - h - \ p- a mb a\p- j y\p
am{Xta ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-m-dp-q. A-mp
ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-pI ]Xn-hn-. AXp-t]mse
Xs Fm- h - c p- t Sbpw D]- I m- c - n- \ mbn
{]m\ sNp- t m am{Xta Cuiz- c
klm-bn-q. lm\n-I-c-amb Ia--fn klm-
bn-p-I-bn-. ic am[q-cy-ap--XmWv Fp
]d-p-sIm-n-cn-p--h\v ic Inp-n-. ktm-jtam \jv-S-n ZpxJtam Dm-I-cp-
Ah AXns kzmZdn-bp-p-an-. {]b-Xv\n-p-
-h\v thKtam Aev]w sshIntbm ic
Inpw.
D-]m-k-\
aqm-a-tXv D]m-k-\-bmWv
kam-[n-\ncv[q-X-a-eky tNXtkm hnt-h-
inX kymfl\n bpJw `thXv; \ iIytX
hcvW-boXpw Kncm XZm kzb Zx Ic-
tW\ KrlytX.
CXv D]-\n-j-n-ep hN-\-amWv. 3 Ahn-
Zym-Zn-I-fmb at\m-a-e--sfmw kam-[n-tbmKw
sImp \in-n-p-, Bfl-\m-bn-cp-v a\-
3 ssa{Xm-b-Wyp-]-\n-jv 4.49 2)
Cuiz-c thZw
ns\ ]c-am-flm-hn {]Im-in-n-n-p--bm-fn\v
]c- a m- fl - k w- k w sImp- m- I p B\-
s hnh-cn-m-\m-hp-I-bn-. Fs-m B
B\-s Pohm-flmhv AXns Ax-I-cWw
sImv A\p-`-hn-p-I-bmWp sNp--Xv. D]m-
k\ F i_vZ - n\p kao-]
- \
- m-bn-cn-pI
FY-am-Wv. AjvSmwK tbmK-m ]c-am-
flm-hn kao-]-hn-bm-Im\pw kh-hym-
]nbpw khm--cym-an-bp-ambn kmmXv-cn-
m\pw sNt--Xmb Ia--sfmw sNt-
-XmWv.
X{Xm-lnw-km-k-Xym-kvtXb {_-Ncym ]-
cn-{Klm bamx. (tbm. Z. km ]m. 30)
CXymZn kq{X- ]mX-RvP-e-tbm-K-im-
kv{X-n-ep--Xm-Ip-p. D]m-k-\-bm-cw-`n-p--
bm sNbvXp-Xp-S-t-Xv C-d-bp--h-bmWv:-
BtcmSpw sshc-`mhw ]mSn-. Fm-h-tcmSpw
Fm-bvtmgpw {]oXn-tbmsS; s]cp-am-d-Ww.
kXyw ]d-bWw AkXyw Hcn-epw ]d-b-cpXv;
tamjvSn--cp-Xv, kXy-hm\pw PntX-{n-b-\p-am-bn-
cn- - W w. kpJm- k - t\m Zpc- ` n- a m- \ ntbm
Bbn-cn--cp-Xv; Al-mcw ]mSn-. C-d
Apba- tN-XmWv D]m-k-\m-tbm-K-
ns Hm-as AwKw.
iuN-k-tm-j-X]x kzm[ym-tb-iz-c-{]Wn
[m-\m\n \nbamx (tbm Z. km. ]m. 32)
cmK-tZz-jm-Zn-Isf ]cn-Xy-Pnv AI-tabpw
Pem-Zn-I-fp-]-tbm-Knv ]pd-tabpw ip-\m-I-Ww.
[a-hn-t[-b-amb {]b-Xv\-n em`-n
Xv. {]k--X-tbm-sS, Ae-kX shSnv kZm
]cn-{i-an--Ww. Ftmgpw kpJ-Zpx-J-sf
klnv [aw am{Xw sN-Ww. A[aw sN-
cp-Xv. kXy-im-kv{X- ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-
p-Ibpw sN-Ww. kwKw sN-Ww. Cuiz-
c-\m-a-amb Hmw AY-hn-Nm-c-tmsS \ntXy\
P]n- - W w. Cuiz- c m- - b v - \ p- I q- e - a mbn
Bfl-k-aWw sN-Ww. Cu Ap-hn[
\nb-a- tNm D]m-k-\m-tbm-K-ns
cm-as AwKw Fp ]d-bp-p. CXn-\p-ti-
j-ap Bdw-K- tbmK-im-kv{X-ntem
EtKz-ZmZn `mjy-`q-an-I 4-bntem t\mn {Kln-
p-I.
4 thZ-]-cy-S-\w.
134
 Ggmw kap-mkw
D]m-k-\bvv C-bp--tm ip-amb
GIm--m-\p sNv Bk-\--\mbn
{]mWm-bmaw sNbvXv C{n-b-sf _mly-hn-
j-b--fn \np XSv a\-ns\ s]mn
`mK-tm, lrZ-b - n-tem, IWvT- n-tem, t\{X-
-fn-tem, Dn-bntem ]rjvT-`m-K-n \sv
Ah-km-\n-p-n-S-tm 5 Dd-np \nn,
Bfl-]-c-am-fl hnth-N\w sNbvXv ]c-am-flm-
hn a-\mbn kwb-an-bm-I-Ww. Cu km[-\-
I A\p-jvTn-p--bm-fns Bflmhpw Ax-
I- c - W hpw AXyw ]cn- i p- hpw kXy- k -
qWhpw Bbn ]cn-W-an-p-p. Abm
Xs m\- h n- m- \ - sf \mtXmdpw
hn-nv tamw t\Sp-p. Znh-k-n-ep lq-c{Kyw ]pcpjw ]pcm-Wav 7
Fp bma--fn Hcp \mgn-I-sb-nepw [ym\n-
p--h D-Xnsb {]m]n-p-p.
kKp-W--\nKpW D]m-k\
kh--XzmZn KpW-bp- Fp k-
ev]nv D]m-k\ sNp-Xp kKp-tWm-]m-k-
\bpw tZzjw, cq]w, ckw, Kw, kv]iw apX-
emb KpW-s - fm-p-an-m-s
- Xp k-ev]nv
AXn- k q- v a - a mb Bflm- h n AIpw
]pdpw Fpw \nd-n-cn-p ]c-am-flm-
hn nXn sNp-Xv \nKp-tWm-]m-k-\bpw
BIpp. Cu D]m-k-\-bpsS ^ew C\n ]d-
bmw.:- XWp-p-hn-d Hcp-h\v An-bpsS
kmao]yw sImv ssiXyw ian- p- - X p-
t]mse Cuiz-cs kmnyw sImv Pohm-
flm-hns kI-e-tZm-j-fpw ZpxJ-fpw \in-
p-t]m-hp-Ibpw KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h - ]c-am-flm-
hns KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--sf-tmse ]cn-ip--
-fm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m Cuiz-c-hn-
j- b - I - a mb kv X pXn, {]m- \ , D]m- k \
Fnh \n-b-ambpw A\p-jvTn--Ww. D]m-
k-\-bpsS ^ew kvXpXn {]m-\IfpsS ^e-
n\np `n-am-Wv. ZpxJ- t\cn-Sp ka-
bv ]Xw t]mse Dd-p-\nv Fpw kln-
p-hm Ign-hp-m-hp-Ibpw Bfl-_ew At-
bw hn-p-Ibpw sNp--XmWv D]m-k-\-
bpsS ^ew. CXp \nm- c - a mb Hcp
ImcyamtWm? am{X-a Cuiz-cs\ kvXpXn-p-
Ibpw {]mn- p- I bpw D]m- k n- p- I bpw
6 {Xb-kv{Xnw-i{- Xn-iXm kvXph-X- b
- Pq 14.31
5 \m`ymw IWvtT] iocvtjN lrZn hkn ]mcvitbmx
kaybvv hnim-]tX (a-lm-`m-cXw im:]300-39,40)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sNm--h henb IrXLv\\pw alm-aq-V-
\p-am-Wv. Cu temI-n-ep kI-e-]-Zm-
fpw Pohm- fl m- - f psS kpJ- n- \ mbn
\evInb Cuiz-cs KpW-sf hnkvX-cn-p-
Ibpw Cuiz-cs ksb kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-
Ibpw sNp-Xv IrX-Lv\-Xbpw hnUvVn--
hp-a-msX as-mWv?
tNmZyw:- sNhn, Iv apX-emb C{n-b-
-sfmpw Cm Cuiz-c C{n-b - f
- psS
tPmen Fs\ sNpp?
Dcw:- A]m-Wn-]mtZm Pht\m {KloX
]iyXyNpx k irtWm- X y- I cv W x; k
thn hnizw \N- X-kymkvXn thm Xam-
CXv D]-\n-j-n-ep hN-\-am-Wv. Cuiz-
c\v ssII C. Fnepw Xs in-bm-
Ip ssIsImv Fm-n-s\bpw {Kln-p-
Ibpw cNn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cuiz-c\v Imep-
I C. Fnepw kh- h ym- ] n- b m- I - b m
Fn- \ p- a p- ] cn thK- a p- - h - \ m- W v . In
Fnepw Fm-n-s\bpw \-hw ImWp-p.
sNhn-bn Fnepw ]d-bp--sXmw tIp-
p. Ax-I-cWw C. Fnepw temI-n-
ep kIe Imcy-fpw Adn-bpp. Cuiz-
cs Fs-nepw in F{X-bm-sWv Bcpw
Adn-bp-n-. Cuiz-c k\m-X-\\pw kh-t{i-
jvT-\p-at{X B Fpw \nd--hs\ ]pcp-j
Fp ]d-bp-p. C{n-b-sf sImpw Ax-
I-cWw sImpw km[n-t--sXmw kzkm-
aYy-m \S-p-p.
tNmZyw:- At-ls ]ecpw \njv{In-
b\pw \nKp-W\psap ]d-bp-Xp icntbm?
Dcw:- \ Xky Imcyw ImcWw N
hnZytX \ Xam- ` y- [ n- I ZriytX
]cmky incvhnhn-ss[h {iqbtX kzm`m-
hnIo m\ _e-{Inbm N 8 CXpw D]-\n-
j-Zzm-Iy-am-Wv. ]c-am-flm-hn \np X{Zq]-
n bmsXmcp Imcyhpw Dm-Ip-n-. At-
l-n\p Imc-W-hpw--Imcyw sNp-hm-\p D]-
I- c - W - h - p w Bhiyan- 9 . Xp- e yt\m
t{ijvTt\m Bbn Bcp-an-. ktm--a-amb
7. tizXm-iz-X-tcm-]-\n-jv 3.19.
8. tiz-Xm-iz-X-tcm-]-\n-jv 6.8
9. km[-I-Xaw Ic-W-av. Ajym-[ymbn 1.4.42
135
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
in Af-h m\w, FXn-c _ew, AXn-
c {Inbm-in Fnh Cuiz-c-\n kzm`m-
hn- I - a mbn Ds- t{X {ipXn. Cuiz- c
\njv{In-b-\m-sW-n temI-ns krjvSn
nXn kwlm-c- \S-p-hm-\mhp-I-bn-.
AXn-\m hn`p-hm-sWnepw kh-hym-]n-bm-
sW-n-epw tNX-\-am-I-bm {Inbm-hm-\p-am-Wv.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz- c {Inbm- h m- \ m- I mw.
Fm AXv Ah- k m- \ - a p- tXm Cm-
tXm?
Dcw:- F{X-tmfw tZi-Im-e--fn
hym]n-p {Inb sNp-Xv DNn-X-am-sWp
tXmp-pthm A{X-tmfw tZi-Im-e-sf
G-p-dhp IqSmsX hym]n-p {Inbtb
Atlw sNp-Ib - p-q. Fs-m Cuiz-c\v
Adn-hp-v.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c Xs Ayw Adn-bp-
ptm Ctbm?
Dcw:- Cuiz-c kqW-m-\n-bm-Wv.
D-hw Adn-bp-X - n-s\-bmWp PvRm\-sap
]d- b p- - X v . Hcp hkv X p F{]- I m- c - a mtWm
AXns\ A{]-Imcw Adn-bp--Xn-\mWv m\-
sap ]d-bp-X - v. Cuiz-c A\-\ - m-sW-n
A\- - \ m- s Wp Xs Adn- b p- - X mWv
m\w. AXn\p hn]-co-Xa - mb Adnhv Am-
\-am-Ip-p. A\--am-bn-p--Xns\ A-ap--
Xm-sWpw A-ap-X - ns\ A\-a - m-sWpw
Adn-bp-Xv "{`a'amWv Fw. ""bYmY
Zi\w m\-anXn'' 10 Hcp hkvXp-hn\v
GXp- X cw KpW- I a- k z- ` m- h - - f ptm B
hkvXp-hns\ AtX-hn-[-n Adnv kzoI-
cn-p--Xn-s\-bmWv m\-sapw hnm-\-
sapw ]d-bp--Xv. adn-p-Xv Am-\-hpw.
AXn-\m
ti-Icva hn]m-Im-i-ssb-c-]-cm-arjvSx
]pcpj hntij Cuizcx (tbm Z. 24)
Ahn-ZymZn ti-, Ipi-em-Ipie-,
Cjv S m\n- j v S - IqSn- - e ^e-
Fnh \evIp I-fpw Ah-bpsS hmk-
\bpw Cm- Xpw kIe Pohm- fl m- tf-
mfpw hnin-jvS-am-b-Xp-at{X Cuiz-c.
10. Xz-m-\mcvY Zi\w GX-Xvm-\-anXn
(`-K-h-ZvKoX 13.11)
Cuiz-c thZw
I-]n-e-a-ljn \nco-iz-c-hm-Zntbm?
tNmZyw:- 1. Cuiz-cm-kntx 2. {]am-Wm-`m-
hm Xnnx 3. kw_-m-`m-hm-m-\p-am-
\av (kmw-Jy-Zi\w 112. 10, 11) 1. Cuiz-c
Dsv {]Xy--{]-am-Ww-sImv knn-p-
n-. 2. Cu-iz-ckn-nv {]Xy--{]-amWw
Cs-n ]ns A\p-am-\mZn {]am-W-
Dmhm Xc-an-. 3. hym]vXn-kw-_w
Cm--Xp-sImv A\p-am\w Dm-hm hgn-
bn-. {]Xy-hpw A\p-am-\hpw Cm--Xp-
sImv i_vZ-{]-amWw XpS-n-bp {]am-W-
fpw tbmPn-p-Ib - n-. AXn-\m Cuiz-c
Dsp sXfn-bn-m Bhp-I-bn-.
Dcw:- Cuiz-c Ds--Xn\v {]Xy--
{]-amWw Csp Xs-bmWv ChnsS ]d--n-
p--Xv. Cuiz-c PK-ns D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-W-
a-Xm\pw. ]pcp-j-\n\np hne--W-\mb-
Xp-sImv kh{X ]cn-]q-\m-I-bm ]c-
am-flm-hns t]cv ]pcp-j Fm-Ip-p. ico-
c-n ibn-p-Xv sImv Pohm-flm-hns
t]cpw ]pcp-js\mIp-p. Pohm-flm-hns
t]cpw ]pcp-j-s\-m-Ip-p. Fs-m, Cu
{]I-c-W-nXs C{]-Imcw ]d-n-pv:
1. {][m\ in-tbm-Km-tXv kMvKm-]nx
2. k-m-am-{Xm-tXv kcvssh-iz-cyav.
3. {ipXn-c]n {][m-\-Im-cy-Xzky
(kmw-JyZi\w 5 89.12)
1. ]pcp-j\v {][m\ in-tbm-Sp-IqSn tbmK-
ap-sp hm kwKm-]n hp-t]m-Ipw.
kqjva -
- f
- mb ]c-amWptfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-t-cpXp
\nanw {]IrXn Imcy-cq-]n-bmbn ]cn-W-an-p-
-Xp-t]mse Cuiz-c\pw kvYqe-cq-]-bmbn ]cn-
W-anpw Fw. AXn-\m Cuizc PK-
ns D]m-Zm\ Imc-W-a; \nan--Im-c-W-am-
Ip-p.
2. PK-ns Dhw tNX-\-\mb ]pcp-j-
\n \nm- sW- n Cuiz- c \v kI- e - h n[
sFiz-cy-f - p-ap-X
- n-\m PK-nepw kssh-
iz-cy-fpw Dm-IW - w. AXn-m-X - n-\m PK-
ns D]m-Zm\ Imc-W-a-, \nan Imc-W-
am-Wv.
3. IqSmsX D]-\n-jpw {][m-\s{]Ir-
Xn-sb-bmWv PK-ns D]m-Zm-\-ambn ]d-bp-
136
 Ggmw kap-mkw
-Xv. t\mpI:-
APm- t aImw temlnX ip- I rjv W mw
_lzox {]Pmx krP-am\mw kzcq]mx (tiz-Xm-
iz-X-tcm-]-\n-jXv 4. 5)
CXp tizXm-iz-X-tcm-]-\n-j-n-ep hN-\-
am-Wv. DXv]-n-hn-lo-\hpw kXzc-P-kvX-tam-cq-
]-hp-amb {]IrXn Xs-bmWp kzcq-]m-Ir-Xn-
tbmSp IqSn AkwJyw {]P-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an-
p--Xv. {]IrXn ]cn-Wm-an-\nbmb-Xp-sImv
cq]m--c-sf {]m]n-p-p. ]pcp-j ]cn-Wm-
an-b-m--Xn-\m cq]m--c-s-Sp-n-. IqS-
\pw \nhn-Im-c\ - p-ambn hn-p-p. AXn-
\m I]n-em-Nm-cys\ \mkvXn-I-s\p ]d--
h-\mWp \mkvXn-I. I]n-em-Nm-cy-\-.
Cu-iz-c \ymb-ssh-ti-jnI
aoamw-k-I-fn
AXp- t ]mse [a- ns B{i- b - a mb
[ansb AwKo-Ic - n-p aoamw-km-im-kv{X-hpw,
Cuiz- c s\ kzoI- c n- p sshti- j n- I hpw
Bflm-hns\ kzoI-cn-n-p \ymb-Zcvi-\hpw
\nco-iz-ch
- m-Zn-If
-
- . Fs-m, kh-Xzw
XpS- nb [a- fpw ""AX- X n- k {X
hym]vt\m-XoXymflm'' F hyp-n-b-\p-
k-cnv Fpw \nd-n-cn-p--h\pw kIe
Pohm-flm--fp-tSbpw IqSn Bflm-hp-amb ]pcp-
j-s\-sbmWp aoamwk \ymbw, sshti-
jnIw Fo Zi-\- Cuiz-c-\mbn AwKo-
I-cn-p--Xv.
A-h-Xmcw C
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c Ah-Xmcw kzoI-cn-p-
ptm Ctbm?
Dcw:- C Fs-m ""AP-G-I-]mXv''
(34-53 ) ""k]-cy-Km-p-{I-aI
- m-bav'' (40-8) Fp
XpS-n-bp bPqthZ hN-\--fn \np
Cuiz-c Pw ssIsm-p-n-sp knn-
p-p.
tNmZyw:- bZm bZm ln [cvaky m\ncv`-
hXn `mcX, A`yp-m-\-a-[cvaky XZm-flm\w
krPm-aylw (KoX 4.7) [a-n\p tem]w hcp-
tm-sgmw Rm icocw [cn-pp Fp
{ioIr-jvW ]d-bp-p--tm.
Dcw:- thZ-hncp--am-b-Xp-sImv CXp
{]am-W-a-. [am-flmhpw [as cn-p-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
hm Cm-ep-hp-amb {ioIr-jvW ""Rm bpKw
tXmdpw Pw -ssIsImv injvS-P-\-sf ]cn-
]m-en-p-Ibpw ZpjvS-msc kwl-cn-p-Ibpw
sNpw'' Fn-s\ B{K-ln-n-p-m-bn-cn-
mw. As\ sNp--Xn tZmj-sam-p-an-
. Fs-m ""]tcm-]-Im-cmb kXmw hn`p-
Xbx'' k-\ - f- psS icocw a\v [\w Fn-
h-sbmw ]tcm-]-Im-c-n-\m-bn-p--Xm-W-tm.
Fmepw {ioIr-jvW CXp-sImv Cuiz-c-
\m-sWp hcp-hm Xc-an-.
tNmZyw:- C-s\-bm-sW-n temI-n
Cuiz-cs Ccp-]-n-\mev Ah-Xm-c--fp-
sp ]d-bp-X - ns\ Fs\ kzoI-cnmw
Dcw:- thZmw Adn-bm--hcpw Hmtcm
k{-Zm-b - m-cpsS he-bn hogp-h - cpw kzbw
Adn-hn-m--hcpw Am\ ]mi-n IpSp-
p--hcpw Cs\ A{]-am-Wn-I-amb Imcy-
]d-bp-Ibpw AwKo-Ic - n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c Ah-X-cn-p-n-s-
n Iwk cmh-W apX-emb ZpjvS-msc
Fs\ kwl-cnpw?
Dcw:- Hm-a-Xv, P\n-n-p--h-scmw
\n-b-ambpw acn-m-Xn-cn--bn-, Fp-am-{X-
a-, icocw ssIsm-v Ah-Xc - n-msX Xs
PK-ns krjvSnnXn-kw-lm-c- \S-
p Cuiz-cs apn Iwk, cmh-W
apX-em-b-h Hcp Iran-tbmfw t]mep-an-. Cuiz-
c k-hym-]n-bm-b-Xp-sImp Iwk-cm-h-Wm-
Zn-I-fpsS ico-c--fnepw IqSn \nd-n-cn-p-p.
Cn-p W-n Ah-cpsS amdp ]nfv
sImp-If - b
- p-hm Ign-bpw. F-a KpW-I-
kz-`m-h--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cuiz-c Hcp p{Z-P-
p-hns\ sImm P\-\-a-c-W- kzoI-cn-
pp Fp ]d-bp--hs\ hnUvVn-tbm-S-
msX am-tcm-Sp-]-an-m! `-P-\-sf D-
cn-p--Xn-\m-bn-mWv Ah-X-cn-p--sXv ]d-
m AXpw icn-b-. Fs-m Cuiz-
cm A\p-k-cn-p `-P-\-sf D-cn-
p-hm Cuiz-c\v kmay-ap-.v `qan, kqcy,
N{,apX- e mb kI- e - t em- I - - f p- s Sbpw
krjvSn-n-Xn-kw-lm-c--tf-m Cuiz-c\v
Iwk-cm-h-Wm-Zn-IfpsS h[hpw tKmh-\-]v-
-ns Dm-c-Whpw al--c--fmb I--
fmtWm? Cm-Wp krjv-Sn-bn Cuiz-c
sNp Ia--sf-n Nnn-p Bpw
137
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Cuiz-c\p Xpey-\mbn Bcpw Dm-bn-n-spw
Dm-hp-I-bn-spw a\-n-em-mw. IqSmsX
Cuiz-c Ps-a-Sp-pp FXv bpn-k-l-
hp-a-. AXn-cn-m Cu BImiw K`-n
AS-n-sbtm Ic-X-e-n HXp-n-sbtm
Bcm\pw ]d-m AXp t\cm-hn-. BImiw
AXn-c--Xm-Wv. Fpw \nd--Xm-Wv. AXv
AI-tp hcn-Itbm ]pd-tp t]mIp-
Itbm sNp-I-bn-. AXp-t]mse Cuiz-c
A\-\pw kh-hym-]n-bp-am-Ib- m Fhn-sS-sb-
nepw Ib-dp-Itbm Cd-p-Itbm sNp
{]iv\-ta-bn-. Hcp hkvXp FhnsS Ctbm
AhnsS am{Xta t]mp-h-chp \S-q. Cuiz-
c Fhn-sS-\ntm hsp ]d-bp-hm, K`-
n hym]n-n-cp-n-stm? ]pdv Dm-bn-
cp-nt? Dm-bn-cp-p-sh-n ]ns F-
s\-bmWp \nK-anp Fp ]d-bp-Xv? Adn-
hn-m--hcm-sX am-cmWv Cuiz-c-s\-n
Cs\ ]d-bp-Ibpw hnNm-cn-p-Ibpw sNpI?
Cuiz-c hcn-Itbm t]mhp-Itbm P\n-p-
Itbm acn-p-Itbm sNp-n-. tbip apX-
em-b-hcpw Cuiz-cs Ah-Xm-c-a-sp a\-n-
em-n-sm-p-I. Fs-m, cmK-tZz-j-
hnipw Zml-hpw, `b-tim-I- kpJ-Zpx-J-
P\-\-a-c-W- apX-em-bh Dm-bn-cp
Ah a\p-jy Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c Xs `-m-cpsS
]m]w an-ptam Ctbm?
Dcw: C. Fs-m ]m]-sf an-
p--]w Cuiz-cs \ymbw \jvS-s-Spw.
a\p-jy-sc-m-hcpw henb ]m]n-I-fm-Ipw. an-
p-sa--dn-m a\p-jyv ]m]w sNp--
Xn `b-an-m-bvabpw Dm-lhpw hn-pw.
cmPmhp Ipw sNbvX-hp amp sImSp-p-
tm Ah hen-b-h-enb Ip- Dm-l-
]qw sNp-p. cmPmhp Xs A]-cm-[ - sf
an-p-sapw sXmgptXm Imep-]n-Sntm c-
s-p-sIm-m-sapw Ah Xocp-am-\n-pw.
Ipw sNm--hcpw IqSn Ipw sNp--Xn
`b-an-m--h-cmbn ]m]w sNbvXp XpS-pw.
AXn-\m kh-Ia-pw AXm-Xns
^ew bYm-bpw sImSp-p-I-X-s-bmWv
Cuiz-cs I-hyw. amp sImSp-p-I-b-.
tNmZyw: Pohm-flmhv kzX-{t\m ]c-X-
{t\m?
Cuiz-c thZw
Dcw: Ah-\h - s I-hy-I-f - n
kzX-{\pw Cuiz-cs hyh--bn ]c-X-
{\pw BIp- p. ""kzX{x Im'' 11
FXp ]mWn-\n-bpsS hymI-c-W-kq-{X-amWv.
GsXm-cp-h kzX-{-k - zm-[o-\-B
- b - n-cn-p-
pthm Ah-\mWp Im-hv.
tNmZyw: BcmWv kzX-{?
Dcw: ico-cw, {]mW, C{n-b-,
Ax-Ic - Ww apX-em-bh- s- bmw BcpsS kzm[o-
\-n-emtWm Abm-fmWv kzX-{. Pohm-
flmhv kzX-{-\-s-n ]m]-]p-Wy--fpsS
^ew Hcn-epw Inp-I-bn-. `rXy bP-am-\-
sbpw ]S- b m- f n- I ]S- \ m- b - I - s bpw
Btbm t{]c-Wtbm A\p-k-cnv bp-
n F{X-t]sc sImmepw A]-cm-[n-I-fm-
Ip-n-. AXp-t]m-se, Pohm-flmhp ]c-ta-iz-
cs t{]cW- s Im- t m A[o- \ - X - s Imtm
Iaw sNp--Xm-bm Pohm-flm-hn\p ]m]-]p-
Wy--fpsS ^ew Dm-hp-I-bn-. B ^e-
ns Ah-Imin t{]c-I-\mb Cuiz-c-\m-bn-
cn-pw. kzK-\-c-I-, AXm-b-Xv, kpJ-Zpx-J-
Inp-Xpw Cuiz-c\p Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.
Bsc- nepw Bbp[w sImv Hcp- s\
sImp-I-f-m sIme sNbvX-h-s\-bmWv
]nSn-p-Xpw inn-p--Xpw. Bbp-[-s-b-
. AXp-t]m-se-Xs ]c-X-{-\mb Pohm-flm-
hn\p ]pWy-]m-]--fpsS ^ew Inp-hm Xc-
an-. AXn-\m Ah-\-hs in-sImp \S-
p Ia--fn Pohm-flmhp kzX-{-\m-Ip-
p. Fm Pohm-flmhp ]m]w sNbvXm
Cuiz- c s hyh- bvp Iog- S n
]m]ns ^ew A\p-`-hn-pw. AXn-\m
Iw sNp--Xn Pohm-flmhp kzX-{\pw
ZpxJ-cq-]-amb ]m]-^ew A\p-`-hn-p--Xn
]c-X-{\pw BIp-p.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c ]c-am-flm-hns\ krjv-
Sn-p-Ibpw Pohm-flm-hn\p in-\e - vIp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-n-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n Pohm-flm-hn\p
bmsXmcp Iahpw sNp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-
m-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m Cuiz-c-t{]-c-Wbm-
et{X Pohm-flmhp Ia- sNp-Xv!
Dcw: Pohm-flmhv Hcn-epw P\n-n-p--
X-. PK-ns D]-Zm-\I - m-cW
- a- mb {]Ir-Xnbpw
11 AjvSm-[ymbn 1.4.54
138
 Ggmw kap-mkw
\nan--Im-c-W-amb Cuiz-c\pw GXp hn[-
n A\m-Zn-bmtWm AtX hn[-n Pohm-
flmhpw A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. Pohm-flm-hns ico-chpw
C{n- b - fpw Cuiz- c krjv S n- - X m- W v .
Fnepw Ah-sbmw Pohm-flm-hns A[o-\-
n-em-Wv. a\-kv, hmv, Iaw Fnh aptJ\
Pohm- fl mhv ]pWy- ] m- ] - sNbv X m
AXns ^ew Pohm-flm-hm-Wv, ]c-am-flm-h
A\p-`-hn-p-Xv. Hcp--Zm-l-cWw ]d-bmw. Hcp
sXmgn-emfn ae-bn \nv Ccp--bncv Ipgn-s-
Sp-p. Hcp I-h-S-m-c AXp hnebvp
hmn, Ahn-sS-\nv AXp hmn sIm
hm Xop. sIms ] \nv B hm
Hcp tbmmhp hmn. AXp-sIm-v Ah Hcp-
s\ shn-sm-p. ChnsS \ymbm-[n-]
Ccpp Ipgn- s - S p- - h t\- t bm, hnebv p
hmn- b - h t\- t bm, hmfp- m- n- b - h - t \tbm
As-n hmfn-s\tbm ]nSnp inn-p-n-
. hmfp-sImp shn-sm--h-\mWv in
Inp-Xv. AXp-t]m-se, ico-cm-Zn-Isf \nn
Cuiz-c Ah-sIm-p sNp Ia--fpsS
^ew A\p- ` - h n- p- n; Pohm- fl m- h n- s \-
smv A\p-`-hn-n-p-I-bmWp sNp--Xv.
Cuiz-c-\mWv Ia- sNp--sX-n Hcp
Pohm-flmhpw ]m]w sNp-Ib - n-. Cuiz-c ]cn-
ip-\pw [man-I-\p-am-b-Xp-sImv GsXmcp
Pohm-flm-hn-s\bpw ]m]w sNp-hm t{]cn-n-
p-I-bn-. AXn-\m Pohm-flmhp kzIaw
sNp- - X n kzX- { - \ m- W v . Pohm- fl mhp
kzIam- \ p- j v T m- \ - n kzX- { - \ m- b - X p-
t]mse Xs ]c-am-flmhpw kzIa- \S-
p--Xn kzX-{-\m-Ip-p.
tNmZyw: Pohm- fl m- h n- s bpw Cuiz- c -
sbpw kzcq-]hpw KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-fpw
Gh?
Dcw: Pohm-flmhpw Cuiz-c\pw tNX-\m-
kz-cq-]-cm-Ip-p. Pohm-flm-hn-sbpw Cuiz-c-
sbpw kz`mhw ]cn-ip-hpw \mi-c-ln-Xhpw
[man-IXzw XpS-nb KpW--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-
am-Ip-p. Fm krjvSn-bpsS DXv]-n-n-
Xn-{]-f-b- \n-ln-p-I, Fm-h-scbpw
\nb-am-\p-k-cWw \S-p-I. Pohm-flm-p
]pWy-]m-] - f- psS ^ew sImSp-p-I, apX-emb
[am-\p-krX Ia- Cuiz-c-t-Xpw, km-
\-sf DXv]m-Zn-np t]mn-h-fp-I, inev]-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
hn-Zy-I \S-pI apX-em-bXpw \-Xn--I-fn-
S-Ie-Xp-amb Ia- Pohm-flm--fp-tS-Xm-
Wv. \nXy-amb m\w, B\-w, Afh _ew
apX-emb KpW- Cuiz-c-\p--Xm-Wv. Pohm-
flm-hn-\v:-.
Cm-tZz-j-{]-b-Xv\-kp-J-Zpx-J-m-\m-\ym-
flt\m enwK-anXn (\ym-bw) 12
{]mWm- ] m- \ - \ n- t a- t jm- t - j - a - t \m- K - X o-
{nbmcvhn-Imcmx kpJ-Zpx-tJm tZzju
{]bXv\mmfl-t\m enwKm\n (ssh-ti) 13
(Cm) ]Zm- Inp-hm-\p B{K-
lw, (tZz-j) ZpxJm-Zn-If - n-ep A\njvSw As-
n shdpv ({]-bX - v\) ]pcp-j{- ]-bXv\w _ew
Fnh (kp-J) B\w (Zpx-J) hyk\w As-
n ktmj-an-m-bva, (m-\) hnth-Iw,
({]m-W) {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ ]pd-tp Xn-
-f-bp-I 14 (A-]m-\) {]mW-hm-bp-hns\ Dn-
tep hen-s-Sp-pI (\n-ta-j) Ip-I-f-S-
bvpI (D-t-j) Ip-I Xpd-pI (a-\x)
\n-bn-p-I, kvacn-p-I, A`n-am-\n-pI (K-
Xn) Kan-p-I, (C-{n-b) Fm C{n-b - s- fbpw
{]hn- n- pI (A- cv - h n- I m- c ) hni- v ,
Zmlw, ktm-jw, kSw apX-emb hnhn[
hnIm-c--fp-m-hp-I, Ch-sbmw Pohm-flm-
hns KpW--fm-Wv. Cu KpW- ]c-am-flm-
hns KpW--fn \np `n-a-t{X. Cu KpW-
-sf-sm-p-thWw Pohm-flm-hns KpW-
sf Adn-tb--Xv. Fs-m Pohm-flmhp
qe-a-. Pohm-flmhp ico-c-n nXn-sN-
p-tm am{Xta Cu KpW- {]Im-in-q.
Pohm-flmhp icocw hnp-t]m--Ip-tm Cu KpW-
ico-c-n ImW-s-Sp-n-. GsXmcp
hkvXp Dm-Ip-tm KpW- Dm-hp-
Ibpw \in-p-tm KpW- Cm-Xm-hp-
Ibpw sNp-pthm B KpW- B hkvXp-
hn-t-Xm-Wv. hnftm kqcyt\m D ka-bp
{]Imiw Dm-hp-Ibpw Ah cpw Cm--
tm {]Imiw Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNp-X - mWv
12 \ymb-Zi\w 1.1.10
13 sshti-jnIw 3.2.4
14 {]mWm-]m-\--sf-n {K-Im-hns A`n-{]m-
b-amWv {]mNo-\w. ssa{Xm-bWo Bc-Wy-I-n (2.6)
tbmfb aqcv[zm-am{Im aytXyj hmh kx {]mWx
AYtbmfb AhmMv kw{Im-a-tXyj hmhtkmf]m\
Fp-]-d-bp-p.
139
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
CXn- \ p- Z m- l - c - W w. C{]- I mcw Pohm- fl m- h n-
sbpw ]c-am-flm-hn-sbpw m\w Dm-Ip-
Xv AXn-\p KpW--sf-sm-m-Ip-p.
Cu-iz-cs {XnIm-e-m-\w
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c {XnIm-e-m-\-ap--
Xp-sIm-v `mhn-Im-cy-fpw IqSn Adn-bp-p.
Atlw Xocp-am-\n-p-X - \
- p-kc
- n-mWv Pohm-
flmhp {]hn-p--Xv. AXn-\m Poh
kzX-{-\; Cuiz-c Pohs\ inn-p-
Xv DNn-X-hp-a-. Cuiz-cs CwKn-X-a-\p-k-
cn-mWv Poh {]hn-p--Xv.
Dcw: Cuiz- c {XnIm- e - m- \ n- b m-
sWp ]d-bp-Xv hnUvVn--am-Wv. Dm-bn-
v, Cm-Xn-cn-p--XmWv `qX-Im-ew. Dm-bn-n-
m-Xpw Dm-Im-hp--Xp-amWv `mhn-Im-ew.
apv Dm-bn-p-Xpw Ctm Cm--Xp-amb
Hcp m\w Cuiz-c-\ptm? AXp-t]mse
Xs apv Dm-Im-Xpw taen Dm-Im-
hp- - X p- a mb m\hpw Cuiz- c - \ ptm?
m\w Fm-bvt]mgpw Hcp-t]m-se-bp-Xpw
AJ-WvU-am-bn--C-S-hn-Sm-sX \ne-\n-evp--Xp-
am-Wv. `qXw `mhn Fp t`Zw Pohm-flm-
p--Xm-Wv. Pohm-flm--fpsS Ias
At]-n-p {XnIm-e-m\w Cuiz-c-\p-
s-p-Xp icn Xs. Fm AXp-kz-
Xx-kn--a-. kzmX-{y-ap--Xp-sImv Pohm-
flmhv GXp-hn-[-n {]hn-p-pthm
AtX-hn-[-n kh--Xz-ap--Xp-sImv
Cuiz-c Adn-bp-p. Cuiz-c Fs\ Adn-
bp-pthm AtX hn[-n Poh {]hn-
p-p. `qX-`-hn-jy-Zz-am-\-sf Adn-bp--
Xnepw Ia-^ew sImSp-p--Xnepw Cuiz-c
kzX-{-\m-Ip-p. Cuiz-cs m\w A\m-
Zn- b m- b - X p- s Imp Ias kw_- n
m\-sa--Xp-t]mse Xs ZWvU-Zm-\s
kw_-n PvRm\hpw A\m-Zn-bm-Ip-p. cp
m\- fpw Cuiz- c \p kXy- a m- W v . Ia-
m\w kXy-am-sWpw ZWvU - m\w anYy-
bm-sWpw Fs\ hcpw? AXn-\m CXn
tZmj-an-.
Po-h\pw Cuiz-c-\pw
tNmZyw: Pohm-flmhv hn`pthm (kh-hym-
]n-tbm) Hmtcm ico-c-nepw sht-sdtbm?
Dcw: hn`p-hm-sW-n Pm{K-v, kz]v\w,
Cuiz-c thZw
kpjp]vXn Fo Ah-I - P\-\a - c- W-
-
kwtbm-Khn-tbm-K- KXm-K-X- Fnh
Hcn-epw Dm-hp-I-bn-. AXn-\m Pohs
kzcq-]w, Aev]P -- vRXzw, Aev]X- zw, kqvaXzw
Fo [a--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wv. Cuiz-c
kqva--fn kqvahpw A\--\pw, kh-
-\pw, kh-hym-]n-bp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-t{X
Poth-iz-c - mp Xn-ep _w hym]y-hym-
]-I-`m-h-am-sWp ]d-bp--Xv.
tNmZyw: Hcp hkvXp Dn-Sv asm-n\v
Ccn-m-\m-hn-. AXn-\m Pothiz-c - mp
Xn kwtbm-K-kw-_-ta Dm-hm Xc-
apq. hym]y-hym-]-I-`m-h-kw-_w Dm-
hm Xc-an-.
Dcw: kam-\-amb BIr-Xn-tbmSp IqSnb
]Zm-p Xnte Cu \nbaw _m[-I-
am-hq. Ak-am-\m-Ir-Xn-If - n _m[-Ia - - . Ccpp
qehpw An kqva-hp-am-Ip-p. AXp
\nanw sshZyp-X-amb An Ccp-n hym]n-
n-cn-pIpw cpw Hcn-S-p-Xs hn-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse Poh Cuiz-c-
t\-m qehpw Cuiz-c Poh-t\-m
kqvah - p-am-bX- p-sIm-v Cuiz-c hym]-I\pw
Poh hym]y-hp-am-Ip-p. Poth-iz-c-mp
Xn hym]y-hym-]I _-sa--Xp-t]m-se-
Xs tkhy-tk-h-I-`m-hw, B[m-cm-t[-b-`mhw
bP-am\`rXy-`mhw, cmP-{]-Pm-`m-hw, ]nXm-]p-{X-
`mhw apX-emb _--fpw D-v.
tNmZyw: Pohm-fl-]-c-am-flm- `n--
fm-sW-n--th-Zfnep Cu alm-hm-Iy-
v FY-amWv?
1. {]m-\w -{_ 2. Alw {_mkvan
3. Xz-akn 4. Ab-amflm {_
Dcw: C- d - h thZ- h m- I y- - f
Xs. {_m-W-{K---fn-ep hN-\--fm-
Wn-h. Ch-Ip alm-hm-Iy-sa-p-t] kXy-
im-kv{Xfn-sem-cn-Spw ]d-p-Im-Wp-n-.
Ch-bpsS AYw C{]-Im-c-am-Ipp: (A-lw)
Rm ({_-) {_-n- nXn-sN-p--
h (A-kvan) BIp-p. ChnsS amx t{Im
in F hmIy-n-se-tmse Xmtm-
]m[n BIp-p. a---Im-hp-c-I
i_v Z n- p- I - b n- . a- v Poh- \ n- .
Ahbvp \ne-hn-fn-p-hm Ign-hp-an-. AXn-
140
 Ggmw kap-mkw
\m an-ep a\p-jy \ne-hn-fn-pp
FYam-Wv. CXp-t]mse {]kvXp-X-hm-Iy-
nepw a\- n- e m- n- s m- p- I . kIe
]Zm-fpw {_-n-emWp nXn sNp-
Xv. Atm Pohm-flm-hns\ {_--am-
sWp ]d-bp--Xn FmWp hnti-jX?
Fp tNmZn-m adp-]Sn CXmWv: ka-kvX-
h- k v X p- fpw {_- - Xs- b m- W v .
Fm Poh\v GXp hn[-n {_-ns
km[ayhpw kmao-]yhpw Dtm AtX hn[-
n asm-n-\p-an IqSmsX Pohm-flm-hn\v
{_-m\w Dm-Ip-p. tamw {]m]n-p-
tm Pohm- fl m- h n\p {_- t m- S p- I qSn
kmm kw_w Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Atm Poh\v {_-ns Xtym-]m[n
As-n X-l-N-cn-tXm-]m[n Dv. 15
Poh {_-n nXn sNpp As-
n {_- ns kl- I mcn BIpp
FYw. AXn-\m Poh\pw {_hpw H-
. Rm\pw Ch\pw Hm-Wv. Fv Bsc-nepw
]d-bp--Xm-bm AXn\p Rp Xn
hntcm-[-an FY-am-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs
kam-[n-bn-en-cn-p Pohm-flmhv ]c-ta-iz-c-
\n-ep t{]a-n \na--\m-bn-cn-p ka-
bv Rm\pw {_hpw HmWv AXm-bXv
Ahn-tcm-[n-Ifpw Htc ev nXn-sN-p-
-hcpw BIp-p. Fp ]d-bmw. Cuiz-cs
KpW-Ia-kz-`mh-sf A\p-k-cnv Xs
KpW- I a- k z- ` m- h - sf kwkv I - c n- p
Pohm-flm-hn\v am{Xta km[ayw \nanw
{_-tmSv sFIy-ap--Xmbn ]d-bp-hm
]mSp-f-fq.
X-z-a-kn
tNmZyw: icn. A-s\-bm-sW-n (X-Xv)
{_w (Xzw) Pohm-flm-hmb \o (A-kn)
BIpp; ""Pohm! \o B {_-am-Ip-p.''
F-amb ""XXv Xzakn'' F hmIy-
n\v F-amWv?
Dcw: ""XXv '' F i_v Z w- s Imp
\n Fns\ {Kln-pp?
15. \ymb-Zi\w 2.2 61- CXns hni-Zo-I-c-W-ap-v.
hSn-sImp \S-p--bm-fns\ "hSn' Fp ]d-bm-dp-
v. hSn-m-c-\v, hSn XXvk-l-Nm-cn-bm-b-Xn-\m "hSn'
Fp-t]-cp-h-cmw. CXv XXvk-l-N-cn-tXm-]m-[n-bm-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
tNmZyw: {_s {Kln-p-p.
Dcw: {_- ] - Z - ns A\p- h rn
Fhn-Spp Inn?
tNmZyw: ktZ-h-tkm-tay-Z-a{K BkotZI-
tahmZznXobw {_ F ]qh-hm-Iy-n
\nv.
Dcw: \n Cu Omtm-tKym-]\ - n-jv
In- p- I q- S n- b n- - t m. AXp t\mn- b m
AhnsS {_-sa ]Zta Csp ImWmw.
shdp-tX-sb-n\p s]mfn-]-d-bpp? Omtm-Ky-
n-em-Is ktZh tkmtay-Z-a{K Bko tZI-
ta- h m- Z zn- X o- b av 16 FmWp ]mT- a p- - X v .
AhnsS {_-i_vZw Xs C.
tNmZyw: Fm XXv F-Xp-sImp
Xm {Kln-p--sX-mWv?
Dcw: k b Gtjm-Wn-am. sFX-Zm-fly-
anZMv kcvhw XXyMv k Bflm- X-z-
akn tizX tItXm CXn 17 {]nb-]p-{X-\mb
tizX-tItXm Bcv AXy kqva-kz-cq-]\pw
Cm-Wp--k-I-e-tem-I-n-sbpw Pohm-flm-
hn-sbpw IqSn Bflmhpw BtWm Ah-\t{X
Adn-bp-hm tbmKy. Ah-\mWp kXy-kz-cq-
]. Ah kzb-tah kzmflm-hn-sbpw Bflm-
hm-bn-cn-p--h-\m-Wv.
XZm-fl-I-kvX-Z--cymao Xza-kn. ""A-cym-
an-bmb B ]c-am-flm-hn-t\mSp IqSn-t-h-
\mWv \o''. ap-]-\n-j-p-I-tfmSpw tbmPn
AYw CXp Xs.
b Bfl\n Xnjv T - m- fl t\mftcm- b -
amflm \ thZ bkymflm ico-cav; Bflt\m
ftcm ba-bXn k X Bflm--cym-ay-arXx.
_rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-n-ep 18 hN-
\-am-Wn-Xv. bm-hIy-a-ljn Xs ]Xv\n-
bmb ssat{X-bn-tbmSp ]d-bpp: ssat{Xbo!
GsXmcp Cuiz- c Pohm- fl mhn nXn
sNp--h-s\-nepw Pohm-flm-hn \np `n-
\mtWm B ]c-am-flmhv Fn Fpw hym]n-
n-cn-p-p. Fn-s\ GsXm-ns\ aqV-
\mb Pohm-flm-h-dn-bp-n--tbm, GsXmcp ]c-
am-flm-hn\v Pohm-flmhv ico-ca - m-bn-o-cp-p-thm-
-`u-Xn-I-i-co-c-n Pohm-flmhp IpSn-sIm-p-
16. OmtmKy D]-\n-jv 6.2.1
17. OmtmKy D]-\n-jv 6.8.7
18. _r.-D. 14.6.7.32 (am-[y-n-\-]m-Tw)
141
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
-Xp-t]mse Pohm-flm-hn GsXmp hym]n-
n-cn-ppthm GsXmv Pohm-flm--fn
\np `nhpw Pohm-flm- sNp ]m]-
]p-Wy-f - psS kmn-bp-am-bn-cp-p- s
- Im-v Ah-
bpsS ^es sImSpv Ahsc \nb-a-n\p
Iog-Sn \np-p-thm, \mi-an-mbcq-]-
tmSp IqSn. B Bflmhp Xs- b mWv
\nsbpw A-cym-an-bmbn Dn-sepw \nd-
-h-\mbn Ccn-p--Xv. B Bflm-hns\ \o
Adn-m-epw. C{]-Im-c-ap hN-\-p
thsd h Ahpw Iev]n-p-hm Bs-
nepw Ign-bptam? kam-[n-Z-i-bn tbmKnv
]c- a m- fl m- h ns kmmXv mcw Dm- I p-
tm B tbmKn ""Ab-am-flm-{_ Fn-
hym]n- n- c n- p Cu {_w Xs- b mWv
Fpw \nd-n-cn-p-Xv Fn-s\ ]d-
p-t]m-Ip-p. AXp-sImv Poh\pw {_hpw
Hm-sWp ]d-bp Cm-es thZm-n-
Iv thZ{-imkv{Xw Adn-bp-I-bn Xs.
tNmZyw: At\\ Bfl\m Poth-\m\p
{]hniy \ma-cqt] hymI-c-hmWn (Om {]. 6
J. 3 aw, 2) Xr-jvSzm XtZ-hm\p {]mhn-iXv
(ssX-ncob {_m-\ A\p. 6.) Cuiz-
c ]d-bp-Ib - mWv: Rm PK-nt\bpw ico-
c-tbpw krjvSnv PK-n kh-hym-]n-
bm-bnpw ico-c-n Poh-\m-bnpw {]th-in-
p-sImv \ma-cq-]-sf hymJym-\n-p-p.
""Cuiz- c PK- n- t \bpw ico- c - t bpw
\nn-v, AXn kzbw {]th-in-h - \
- m-bnv''
Fp XpS- n- b p {ipXn- h - N - \ - - f psS
Aw amn asm-m-p-hm \nv
Fs\ km[npw?
Dcw: \np ]Zhpw ]ZmYhpw
hmIymYhpw Adn-bm-sa-n C-s\-bp
Aw ]dbpI-bn-. Fs-m, ChnsS
Hp {]th-ihpw atXv A\p-{]-th-i-hpw--A-
Xm-bXv ]noSv {]th-in-BsW-t{X ]d-
bp--Xv. Cuiz-c ico-c-n {]th-in-n-p
Pohm-flm-hn-t\m-Sp-IqSn A\p-{]-thiw sNbvXn-
v, Pohm-flm-hn\p Xpey-\mtWm Fp tXm-
--hw nX-\mbn thZw hgn \ma-cq-]m-
Zn-If- mb kIe hnZy-It- fbpw {]Im-in-n-p-p.
ico-c-n Pohs\ {]th-in-n-v, Pohs
A`m-K-n Xm A\p-{]-thiw sNbvXv
Ccn- pp FYw. A\p i_v Z - ns
Cuiz-c thZw
AYw Adn-bp--h A{]-Imcw hn]-co-X-amb
AYw Hcn-epw ]d-bp-I-bn-.
tNmZyw: ""tkmbw tZh-Ztm b DjvW-
Imte Imiymw ZrjvSx k CZm\ow {]mhr-Svk-
atb aYp-cmbmw ZriytX'' th\-m-e-p
Imin-bn hv GsXmcp tZh-Z - s - \-bmtWm
Rm IXv B tZh-Z--s\-s ag-m-
ep aYp- c - b nhp Rm ImWp- p.
ChnsS Imin th\ Fo tZi-Im-e--sf,
]cn-Xy-Pnv ico-c-sa eys e-W-
amn tZh-Z - s\ {Kln-p-p. AXp-t]mse
Cu `mK-Xym-K-e-Ww sImv Cuiz-cs
]tcm--tZ-i-Im-e- amb Fo D]m-[n-
I-tfbpw Pohs {]Xy tZi-Im-e-
AhnZy Aev]Xzw Fo D]m-[n-I-tfbw
XyPnv tNX-\m-am-{Xs ey-amn {_-
am-Ip Htc hkvXp-Xs Poh Cuiz-c
Fo cn-epw, eWw sImp {Kln-
p Nne Awi-sf {Kln-p-Ibpw Nne
Awi-sf XyPn-p-Ibpw sNp Cu `mK-
Xym-K-e--W-m kh--Xzm-Zn-I-fpsS
hmNym- a mb Cuiz- c - s \- b pw, Aev ] -
mXzm- Z n- I - f psS hmNym- a mb Poh-
t\bpw ]cn-Xy-Pnp tNX-\-am-{X-am-bn-cn-p
eyms {Kln-m AssZzXw kn-
am-Ip-at- m. \nv C\n Fp ]d-bp-hm
km[npw?
Dcw: Poh\pw Cuiz-c\pw \nXy-sctm
A\n-Xy-sctm Icp-Xp-Xv?
19
tNmZyw: cpw D]m- [ n- P - \ y- fpw
Iev]n-X--fp-am-I-bm A\n-Xy--fm-Wv.
Dcw: B D]m[n \nXytam A\n-Xytam?
tNmZyw: R-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n
1. Poth- i uN hnip- m- N n- Z zn- t `Zkv X p
XtbmcvZztbmx AhnZym Xn-tXmcvtmKx
jU-kvam-Ia \mZbx.
2. Imtcym-]m-[n-cbw Pohx Imc-tWm-]m-
[ncoizcx Imcy-Im-cWXmw lnXzm ]qcv-
t_m-t[m-hinjytX.
19. ]qh-]--ns D-c-amWv ChnsS tNmZy-am-b-Xv.
20. BZys tmIw knm tei-kw-{Klw F
]pkvX-I-nse (A-Nyp-X-{K--am-e, Imin) 63-mw
t]Pn Sn-Wn-bm-Wv. cm-at- Xv A\p-`qXn {]Imiw
Hmw A[ymbw 61-mw tmIw.
142
 Ggmw kap-mkw
kwt-]-im-co-c-I-nepw imco-c-I-`m-jy-
n-epap Imcn-I-I-fm-Wn-h. 20 thZm-n-I-
fmb Rv Poh, Cuiz-c, {_w,
Poth- i z- c - m Xn- e p hnti- j - t `- Z w,
AhnZy (A-m-\w) tNX-\- Xn-ep
tbmKw Fo Bsdw A\m- Z n- I - f m- W v .
Fm {_w Hp-am{Xw A\m-Znbpw A\-
-hp-am-Ip-p. av Apw {]m-K`mhw t]mse
A\m- Z n- I fpw km- fpw BIp- p.
Am\w \ne-\n-evp-n-S-tmfw Imew
am{Xta Cu Ap-ap-q. Cu An-tbpw
BZn Adn-b-s-Sm--Xp-sIm-mWv Chsb
A\m-Zn-I Fp ]d-bp--Xv. m\w Dm-
bm ]ns Ch \in-p-t]m-Ip-p. AXn-
\m Ch km- - - \ m- i - a p- - h
BsWpw ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
Dcw: \n-fpsS Cu cp tmI-fpw
Aip--am-Wv. Fs-m, Ahn-Zy-bpambn
_n-n-msX Poh\pw amb-bpsS _-an-
msX Cuiz-c\pw \n-fpsS knm--n
knn-p-Ib - n-. AXn-\m. ""Xn-tXm-tcymKx''
Fv Bdm-aXp ]d ]ZmYw Xs C.
Fs- m AhnZy amb Fnh Poh
Cuiz-c Fn-h-bn A`-hn--hbm-Wv.
AXp-t]mse {_-n-tbpw amb AhnZy
Fn-h-bp-sSbpw tbmKw IqSmsX Cuiz-c-kn-
n-bp-an-. ]ns Cuiz-cs\ Ahn-Zy, {_w
Fn-h-bn \np thdnv ]cn-K-Wn-p-Xp
hy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-v {_w, AhnZy
Fo cp ]Zm- am{Xta \n-fpsS
aX-n knn-p-p-q. Bdp ]Zm-
knn-p-n-. AXp-t]m-se-X-s, A\-hpw
\nXy-ip--_p--ap--kz-`m-hnbpw kh-hym-]n-
bp-amb {_-n Am\w kn-am-b-Xn-
\p-ti-jta \np Imtcym-]m-[n-sImpw
Imc-tWm-]m-[n-sImpw Poth-iz-c-m knn-
p-p-q. {_-ns GI-tZ-i - n kzm{i-
b-ambpw kzhn-j-b-I-ambpw Am\w A\m-
Zn-bmbn Dsp hm {_w ip-am-bn-cn-
p-I-bn-. Hcn-S-p-am{Xw Am\w D-
Xmbn hnNm-cn-p ]w AXv ]cn-n--am-I-
bm Ap-anpw KXm-KXw sNbvXp-sIm-n-
cn-pw. {_-ns GXp-`m-Kv Am\w
sNp- pthm Ahn- S s {_w Am-
\nbpw Fhn-sS-\nv Am\w hnp-t]m-Ip-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
pthm Ahn- s S- b p {_w m\nbpw
Bbn-cn-pw. A-s\-bm-bm Hcn-S-p
{_-sbpw A\m-Znbpw ip-hp-amb m\-
tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-sap ]d-bp-hm \np
km[n-p-I-bn-. IqSm-sX, Am-\-ns
AXnn-bn-ep {_w Am-\-tbpw
IqSn Adn-bp--Xm-I-bm Am-\-ns
AIpw ]pdpw D {_w cmbn apdn-
bpw. ""{_w JWvU-am-bn-sm--s. AXp-
sIm-v {_-n\v Fp lm\n hcm Fp
]d-bp-hm h'' Fs-m A-s\-h-
m {_w AJ- W v U - a - m- X m- b n- o- c pw.
AJ-WvU-am-sW-n Am-\n-bm-hm Xc-
an-. AXn-\p-]p-d-ta, m\m-`m-h-hpw-hn-]-co-X-
m-\hpw KpW--fm-b-Xp-sImv Am\w
GsX-nepw Hcp hkvXp-hn \nXy-kw-_--
tm-Sp-Iq-Sntb Ccn-q. A-s\-bm-sW-n
ka-hm-b-kw-_--am-b-Xp-sImv Hcn-epw
AXv A\n- X y- a m- b n- c n- p- I - b n- , icos-
m\pw {hW-ap-m-bm thZ\ Fpw hym]n-
p--Xp-t]mse Hcn-Sv Am-\hpw kpJ-
Zpx-J-fpw ti-fpw Dm-Ip-tm {_w
apgp-h\pw ZpxJm-Zn-I-f-\p-`-hn-p-Xp Imc-Ww
Imtcym-]m-[n-bp-sS--A-x-Ic-tWm-]m-[n-bp-sS--
tbmKw \nanw {_s Poh-\mbn Icp-Xp-
p-sh-n tNmZn--s ""{_w hym]-Itam
]cn-n-
- tam?'' {_w hym]-Ia - m-Wv, Fm
D]m[n ]cn-n-w.H-cn-S-p-am-{X-ap-Xv
BIpp; Ah cpw `n--fmWv; Fp ]d-
bp-I-bm-sW-n, Ax-Im-cWw Nen-p-Ibpw
k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm?
Dcw k-cn-p-p-v.
tNmZyw:- Ax-I-c-W-tm-Sp-IqSn {_hpw
k- c n- p- ptm? AtXm nc- a m-
bncnppthm ?
Dcw: nc-am-bn-cn-p-p.
tNmZyw : An-s\-bm-sW-n, Ax-I-
cWw hnp-t]m-Ip-n-S-p {_w Am-
\-c-ln-X-am-Ibpw Ax-Im-cWw {]m]n-p-n-
S-fnse ip-{_w Bm-\n-bm-hp-Ibpw
sNpw. Cs\ {_w Hcp W-n
m\nbpw asmcp Wn Am-
\nbpw Bbn-sm-n-cn-pw. AXp \nanw
_-tam--fpw Wn-I--fmIpw. Hcp h
143
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
I-Xns kvacW asm-cp-h\v Dm-Im-sX-
-s\tbm AXpt]mse Cse ImWp-Itbm
tIp-Itbm sNbvX hkvXp-hn-stbm hnj-
b- n- s tbm m\w Cv - DmImXn- c n-
bpw sNpw. Fs- m, Im- W p- I tbm
tIp-Itbm sNp tZi-Im-e- Hv;
kvacn-p- tZi-Im-e- asmv Fp hcp-
a-tm. -{_w Hm-sWp ]d-bp-p-sh-n
AXv kh--a-m--sXv ? Ax-I-cWw
At\-I-am-sWpw AXp \nanw {_hpw
At\-I-am-sW-p-am-sW-n Ax-Im-cWw
PU-am-bXp sImv AXn m\w Dm-
hm ]mSn-s-p-hcpw . " {_vn am{X-
am-bntm Ax-I-cWn am{X-am-bntm
A m\w Dm-Ip-Xv "" Fp ]d-bp-I-
bm-sW-nepw Ax-I-cWw aptJ\ tNX-\-
bn Xs-bmWp m\w Dm-Ip--Xv. B
m\w Aev]-hn-j-b-Ihpw ]cn-n-hpw
BIp--sX-ns\? AXn-\m {_-n\p
Imc- t Wm- ] m- [ n- b psS kw_w IqSmsX
Cuiz- c - X zhpw Imtcym- ] m- [ n- b psS tN
IqSmsX Pohn-X-Xzhpw Pohn-Xhpw Dm-Ip--
X-. hmkvXhn, Cuiz-c {_-ns
]cymbw Xs- b m- W v . {_- n\np
`nhpw A\m- Z nbpw A\p- X v]- hpw
AarXkzcq- ] - h p- a mb Bflm- h mWv Poh.
Poh FXp NnZm-`m-k-ns t]cm-sWp
\n ]d-bp-sa-n AXpw icn-b-. Imc-
Ww, NnZm-`mkw W-`w-Kp-c-am-b-Xp-sImv
AXp \in-p-tm tamkpJw A\p-`-hn-
p-X - m-cv ? AXn-\m {_w Poht\m Poh
{_tam Hcn-epw Bbn-cp-n-n; BIp-n-
,-B-hp-I-bp-an-.
""AssZz-X-ns AYhpw knnbpw''
tNmZyw: Ans\bmsW-n ""ktZh
tkmtay- Z - a - { K - B - k o- t Z- I - t a- h m- Z zn- X obw''
Fp--Om-tm-Ky-h-N-\-n AssZz-X-
knn Fns\ DmIpw ? R-fpsS aX-
n- e m- I - s , {_- n\p kPm- X o- b - t am,
hnPm-Xo-b-tam, kzK-Xtam Bb t`Z-sampw
Cmbv-I-bm {_w GI-am-sWp knn-
pw, Poh `n-am-sWp hcp--]w
AssZzXw knn-p-Xv Fs\?
Dcw : Cu {`a-Pm-e-ns]v Fn\p
`b-s-Sp-p.? hnti-jy-hn-ti-j-W-hn-Zysb Adn-
Cuiz-c thZw
bp-I-bm-sW-n, AXns ^ew Fm-sWp
{Kln-mw. ""hymhcvIw hnti-jWw `hXn''
t`Z-Im-cIamWv t`Zs Ipdn-p--XmWv
hnti- j Ww Fp ]d- b p- - X p- t ]mse
""{]hIw {]Im- i - I - a ]n hnti- j Ww
`hXn'' hnti-jWw, {]h-Ihpw {]Im-ihpw
IqSn-bm-sWpw [cn-p-I. AssZzXw FXp
{_-ns hnti-j-W-am-sWp a\-n-em-
-Ww. Cu hnti-jWn-ep hymh-I-
[aw CXp {_s At\Iw Pohn-X-X-z-
-fn\np thXn-cnp ImWn-pp F-
Xt{X. {_w GI-am-sWp {]Zin-n-p-I-
bmWv hnti- j - W - ns {]Im- i - [ aw.
""Akvan \Ktc AZzn-Xotbm [\mtVym
tZh-Zx Akymw-tk-\m-bm-a-Zzn-Xobx iqc-
hotcm hn{I-a-knwlx'' "Cu \K-c-n AZzn-
Xob\mb [\n- I - \ mWv tZh- Z - . Cu
ssk\y-n AZzn-Xo-b-\mb iqc-ho-c-\mWv
hn{I-a-knw-l' Fp ]d-m tZh-Z-\p
Xpey- \ m- s bmcp [\n- I Cu \K- c - n
Cspw, hn{I-a-knw-l\p Xpey-\m-sbmcp ]cm-
{I-a-imen Cu ssk\y-n Cspw, Ah-
tc-m Ipd--h Ds-p-amWv AYw.
]rYzn apX-emb PU-]-ZmY-, ]ip apX-
emb {]Wn-I hrm-Zn-h-kvXp- Fn-
hbpw \Kcneps- nepw Ah- b psS
\ntj[w hcp-n-. AXpt]mse {_-n\p
Xpey-amb Poht\m {]Ir-Xntbm C. {_-
t-m \yq\-amb ]ZmY- Dp-Xm-\pw.
AXpsImv knn-p-Xv {_w Ftmgpw
GI-am-sWpw Poh\pw {]Ir-Xn-XXz-fpw
At\- I - a m- s Wpw BIp- p. AssZzXw
AYhm AZzn- X obw F hnti- j - W w,
{_s Poh {]Ir-Xn-X-z- Fn-h-
bn \np thXn-cn-v, {_-ns GI-
Xzs m]n-p--Xm-Wv. Cu hnti-jWw
sImv Poh-t-tbm, {]IrXnbptS-tbm, Imcy-
cq-]a- mb PKn-ttbm A`m-htam \ntj-[tam
Dm- I p- - t X- b n- . Ahsbmw Dv.
{_n\p XpeyamsWp am{Xw. CXp-
sImv AssZz-X-kn-ntbm ssZzX-kn-np
lm\ntbm hcp-an-. `b-s-SmsX Btem-
Nnp a\-n-em-p-I.
tNmZyw : {_w kn-Zm-\ kzcq-]hpw
Poh AkvXn-`m-Xn-{]mb cq]hpw BIp-p.-
144
 Ggmw kap-mkw
AXm-bXv kv, m\w, B\w Fnh
{_n\pw Poh\pw Dv AXpsImv
Ah Hm- s Wp knn- p- - X n- \ m
AXns\ Fs\ JWvUnpw ?
Dcw: Aev]w km[ayw D-Xn-\m
Hm-hp-I-bn-. AtN-X-\hpw Zriyhpw Bb-Xp-
t]mse Pew, An apX-em-b-hbpw AtN-X-
\hpw Zriy-hp-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Ah Hm-
Ip-n-. Kw,- cq--X, ImTn\yw apX-emb
KpW- ]rYhnpw, {Z-h-Xzw, -tIm-a-fX XpS-
n-bh Pe-n\pw cq]w Zml-IXzw apX-em-
bh Anpw Dv. Ch t`Zs t_m[n-n-
p ssh[ay--fm-Wv. ssh[ayw hncp--
[as ImWn-p-p. AXn-\m Ah H-
. a\p-jycpw ]pgp--fpw Ip-sImp ImWp-
p, hmb sImp Xnp-p, Imep sImp
\S-p-p. Fnepw cp Imep a\p-jys
BIr-Xnbpw At\Iw Imep-I-fp ]pgp-hns
BIr-Xnbpw `n-am-b-Xp-sImv sFI-cq-]y-an-
. AXp-t]m-se, Af-h m\w, B\w,
{In-bm-i-n,- {`m-n-cm-ln-Xyw, hym]-IXzw apX-
em-b-h-bp Cuiz-c, Aev]-m-\w, -A-ev]-
_-ew, Aev]-kz-cq-]w,- {`m-n-]q-X,- ]-cn-On-
Xzw XpS-nb KpW--fp Pnh-\n\npw
`n-am-Wv. AXn-\m Poh\pw Cuiz-c\pw H-
. Cuiz-c AXy--kq-vahpw Poh Cuiz-
c-t\-m Aev]w qe cq]nbpw Bb-Xp-
sImv Ah-bpsS kzcq-]hpw `n-am-Wv.
ssZzX-_p-n, `b-Im-c-Ww.
tNmZyw: ""AtYm-Z-c-a-cw IpcptX AY
Xky `bw `hXn'' 21 ""ZznXo-bm-ssZz-`bw
`hXn'' 22 _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-n-ep
hN-\-am-Wn-Xv. Poh-{_-- Xn Aev]-
t`-Z-sa-nepw Dsp Icp-Xp--h\v `bw
Dm-Ip-p. `bw Dm-Ip-Xp asmn
\np am{X-am-W-tm.
Dcw: CXns AYw CX- . Pohm-
flmhpw ]c-am-flmhpw Csp ]d-bp- ]c-am-
flmhv Imew sImtm tZiw-sImtm ]cn-n-
-am-sWp Icp-Xp Cuiz-cs B
bvtm KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-tm hntcm-[-
ambn hn-p-, AYhm asm-cp-h-t\mSv
21. ssX. D. {_m-\--hn 7.
22 ssX. D. {_m-\--hn19.1.4.2
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sshc-`mhw {]Zin-n-p-, Bfn\v `bw Dm-
Ip-s-t{X CXn-\w. ""Cuiz-ct- \mSv F\n-
smcp _hpw C'' F ZznXob _pn-
bm-emWv `b-apm-Ip-X - v. ""\ns Rm Iqm-
p-n-. \n\-ss Hpw sNm Ign-
hn'' Fv Btcm- s S- nepw ]d- b p- I - t bm,
Bs-nepw tZmjw sNp-I-tbm, ZpxJw
Dm- p- I tbm sNp- - bmv A\y- c n
\np `bw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. IqSm-sX, ]c-
kv]cw sshcpyw Cs-n Ah-sbm-m-
sWp ]d-bm-dp-v. tZh-Z-\pw b-Z-
\pw hnjvWp-an-{X\pw Hm-Wv, Fp ]d-
bm- d p- v . Ahp Xn hntcm[w C
FYw. hntcm-[-an-m-bva-sIm-v kpJhpw
hntcm[w sImv ZpxJhpw DmIp-p.
tNmZyw: {_hpw Poh\pw kZm shtsd
nXn-sN-p-pthm AtXm Ftm-sg-nepw
cpw tNv Hm-Ip-pthm?
Dcw: CXn\p Nne Dcw Ctm ]d-
- t X- b p- q. Fm, km[ay- ns
A\zbw sImv GI-Xzw Dm-Ipw. PUXzw
Hcn-epw ths]-n-cn-mbvI Fo [a-
BIm-i-n\pw aq-{Z-hy-pw D-Xn-
\m Ahbvv GIXzw Dv. Fm BIm-
i-n\p hn`p-Xzw, kqvaX - zw, cq]-cm-ln-Xyw,
A\-Xzw apX-emb KpW-fpw aq-{Z-hy-
v CXn\p hncp--ambn ]cn-n-Xzw
ZriyXzw apX-emb KpW-fpw D-Xn-\m
Ahbvp Xn t`Zhpw Dv. ]rYnhn apX-
emb {Zhy-v BIm-i-n \np thdn-
p-\np-hm h. Fs-m, A\zbw
AYhm Hgnhv IqSmsX aq-{Z-hy-v Ccn-
m- \ n- S - a n- . AXn- \ m A\zbw sImv
Ahbvv sFIy-ap-v. cq]w sImp `n--
fm-I-bm hy-Xn-tcIw AYhm cq]-`n--X-bm
Ahbvp `n-X-bp-ap-v. AXp-t]m-se, {_w
kh-hym-]n-bm-b-Xn-\m Poh-\pw, ]rYn-hym-
Zn-{Z-hy-pw {_-n \np ths]-
n-cn-p-hm km[y-a-. Ahbvp Xn cq-
]-km-Zr-iy-m sFIyw C-Xm-\pw. hoSp-
]-Wn-bp--Xnp apv apw achpw Ccppw
apw BIm- i - n Xs- b mWp nXn
sNp--Xv. hoSp-]-Wn-I-gnpw Ah BIm-
i- n Xs hn- p- p.
145
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
hoSps]mfnv\-in-v, AXns `mK-
Hmtcm-n-Sp InS-p-tmhpw Ah BIm-
i-ns nXn-sN-p-p. AXm-bXv
aqp Ime- - f nepw BIm- i - n \nv
Ahbv v ths]- n- c n- p- h m km[y- a
Fp Xmev]-cyw. cq]-t`-Z-m `n--fmb
Ah Hcn-epw Hm-bn-cp-n-n; H-, Hm-
hp-Ib - n-. C{]-Imcw Pohm-flmhpw temIX-n-
ep kIe hkvXp-fpw A`-hn-n-cn--
bm {_-n \np ths]-n-cn-p-hm
{XnIm- e - - f nepw Ahbvp km[y- a - .
kzcq]wsImv Ah {_-n \np `n-
-fm-Ib - m Hcn-epw Hm-Ip-X - p-an. Cm-
es thZm-n-I-fpsS ImgvN-mSv H--s
t\mw t]mse A\z-b-ns t\sc t\mn
hyXn-tc-I-`m-hs ImWmsX hn]-co-X-Zr-jvSn-
bmbn `hn- p- p.- k- K p- W - \ nKp- W - X - I .
A\zb hyXn-tc-I-, km[ayssh-[ay-
, hnti- j y- h n- t i- j - W - ` mhw Fnh
Cm Hcp {Zhy-hp-an-.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c kKp-Wt\m? \nKp-
Wt\m?
Dcw: cp-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: sImmw! Hcp Dd-bn, cp
hm F-s\-bn-cnpw? kKp-WX - bpw \nKp-
W-Xbpw Hn Fs\ Hnp hcpw?
Dcw: PU- ] - Z mY- f n AtN- X - \ -
ns KpW--fmb cq]hpw apw Dv. tNX-
\-Kp-W--fmb m\hpw apw C. AXp-
t]mse Xs tNX-\ - f
- n CmZn KpW-
Dv. Fm AtN-X-\--fmb cq]hpw apw
C AXn-\m Ah cpw kKp-Whpw \nKp-
Whpw BIp-p. ""bZvKpssW kl hcv-
am\w X-Kp-W w. KptW-t `ym-b - ncv K Xw
]rY-Iv`qXw XncvKpWw'' KpW--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
bXp kKp-Whpw KpW--fn-m-Xp \nKp-
Whpw BWv. Fm ]Zm-fpw AXm-
Xns kzm`nI KpW--fp--h-bm-I-bm kKp-
W-fpw ap hncp--h-kvXp--fpsS KpW--fn-
m-bvI-bm \nKp-W-fpw BIp-p. tIhew
kKp-Wtam \nKp-Wtam Bb ]ZmYw Hp-
an-. Htc ]Zm-n Xs kKp-W-Xzhpw
\nKp-W-Xzhpw kZm Dm-bn-cn-pw,. CXp-
t]mse Cuiz-c\v kzw A\--amb m\w
_ew, apX-emb KpW- D-Xn-\m kKp-
Cuiz-c thZw
W\pw cq]mZn PU-Kp-W-fpw tZzjmZn Poh-
Kp-W-fpw Cm-bvI-bm \nnKp-W\pw BIp-
p.
tNmZyw: \ncm-Im-cs\ \nKp-W-s\pw
kmIm-cs\ kKp-W-s\p temIw ]d-bp-p.
Cuiz-c Ah-Xc - n-m-tm \nKp-W\pw
Ah- X - c n- p- t m kKp- W \pw BsW-
Yw.
Dcw: Adnhpw ]Tnpw Cm--h-cpsS
k-ev]-am-Wn-Xv. hnZy-bn-m--h arK--sf-
tmse ]pe-p-p. kn-]m-X-Pz-c-ap--h
]npw t]bpw ]d-bp-tmse ]Tn-n-m--h
]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp--Xn-t\bpw
]cn-K-Wn--cp-Xv.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c cmK-ap--ht\m hnc-
t\m?
Dcw: cpw A. Fs-m Xn
\np `n-hpw, D-ah - p-am-bX
- n--emWv cmK-ap-m-
hp-I. Cuiz-c-\n \np `n-amtbm D-a-
amtbm Hcp hkvXphpw C. AXn-\mcmK-w-`-
hy-a-. ssIn Inn-b-Xns\ e`n-Xp XyPn-
ph\mWp hnc-. Cuiz-c kh-hym-
]n-bm-I-bm Hpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-hm kmy-
a-. AXn-\m hnc--\p-a-.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c\v C-bptm Ctbm?
Dcw: AXp-t]mse Cuiz-c\v C-bp-an-
. (Po-hm-flm--fn ImWpw-h-w) A{]m-
]vXhpw D-ahpw e`n-m hnti-j-kpJw
\evIp--X-p-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv C-bpmIp--Xv.
A-s\-sbm-n Cuiz-c\v C-bp-m-Iptam?
Cuiz-c\v Ae-`ytam t{ijvTtam Bb bmsXm-
p-an-. kqW kpJ-bp--\m-I-bm kpJ-
nepw A`n-em-j-an-. AXn-\m Cuiz-c\n
C-bp-m-hpI kw`-hy-a-. Fm Cu-
Ww AYhm kh-hn[ hnZy-I-fpsS Zi-\hpw
kIe krjvSn-Pm-e--fpsS \nam-W-hpw--Cu-
iz-c- Dv. C{]-Imcw kwt-]np ]d--
Xn \nv k-\- hf-sc-b-[nIw a\-n-
em-n-sm-pw.
thZw Cuiz-c-{]-Im-inXw
23. IXax kznXv, Gh, kx Fv IXax kzntZ-h-kx-bpsS
km[m-cW ]Z-]mTw aljn IX-ax-kznZv tZh kx Fv
AYw ]d-n-cn-p-p.
273.274. t]Pp-I-fnse 3 ASn-p-dn-p-ssS CXv 22mw
ASn-p-dn-m-Wv.
146
 Ggmw kap-mkw
Cuiz-c-s\-n Cs\ Npcp-n--d--Xn-
s\-p-Sv thZ-hn-jbw Fgp-Xn-p-Smw:
bkvam-ZrtNm A]m-X- bPq-cy-kvam-Z-
]mIj; kmam\n bky-tem-am-\y-Ycvhmw-Kn-
ctkmapJw; kvIw`wXw {_qln IXax kzntZ-
h-kx 23 (A-Yh-thZw 10. 23. 4. 20)
GXv Cuiz-c-\n \nv EtKz-Zw, bPqth-
Zw, kma-thZw AYh-thZw Fo \mep thZ-
fpw {]Im-in-X-amtbm B tZh BcmWv?
""Ncm-Nc -
- s
- f-sbmw krjvSnp cn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p B ]c-am-flmhp Xs'' Fm-
Wp--cw.
kzbw- ` q- c ym- Y m- X Yy- t XmYm hyZ- [ m-
mizXo`yx kam`yx (b-Pq. 40. 8)
kzbw-`q-hpw, kh-hym-]n-bpw, ip-\pw, k\m-
X-\-\pw, \ncm-Im-c-\p-amb Cuiz-c k\m-X-
\cpw Pohm- fl m- - f p- a mb {]P- I - f psS \-
bvmbn thZ- aptJ\ kIe hnZy-I-tfbpw
bYm-X-Y-ambn hn[n-]qw D]-tZ-in-p-p.
tNmZyw: Cuiz- c \ncm- I m- c - s \tm
kmIm-c-s\tm Xm-fpsS aXw?
Dcw: \ncm-Im-c-\m-sWv
tNmZyw: \ncm-Im-c-\m-sW-n apJ-an-m-
-Xp-sImv A-c- D-cn-p-hm\pw
thZ- h nZy D]- t Z- i n- p- h m\pw Fs\
km[np? A-c - D-cn-p-X - n\v Xmep
apX-emb m\-fpw Pnlzm-{]-b-Xv\hpw
AXy-m-t]-n-X-am-Wv.
Dcw: Cuiz-c kh-i - \pw kh-hym-
]n-bp-am-I-bm kzhym-]vXn-aqew Pohm-flm-
p thZ-hnZy D]-tZ-in-p--Xn\p apJ-n-
tbpw apw Bh-iy-ta-bn-. apJw-sImpw
Pnlz-sImpw htWm-m-cWw sNp-Xv
asm-cmsf ]Tn-n-p-hm-\m-Wv. kzbw a\-n-em-
m-\-. apJw Pnlz Fnh {]b-Xv\n-msX
At\I hnj-b--tf--n-bp hnNm-c-fpw
i_vtZm-m-c-W-fpw a\-n \S-p-sIm-n-
cn-p-p. ssIhn-c-ep-Ismp sNhn AS-
p-]n-Sn-p-I, apJw, Pnlz , Xmep apX-em-bh
IqSmsX Xs i_vZw Dm-Ip-s - X-n-s\-bm-
sW-p a\-n-em-Ipw. AtX-hn-[-n Xs-
bmWv Cuiz-c A-cym-an-bm-bn-cpv Pohm-
flm-v D]-tZiw \In-b-Xv. ap-hsc
]Tn-n-m am{X-amWv D-cn-t--Xv. \ncm-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Im-c\pw kh-hym-]n-bp-amb Cuiz-c thZ-hn-
Zysb kw_-n D]-tZ-i--sfmw Pohm-flm-
hn-ep kzk--bm Pohm-flm-sf t_m[n-
n-p-Ib - mWv sNp-X
- v. ]noSp a\p-jy B
D]-tZ-is hm sImv D-cnv ap--hsc
tIn-p-p. AXn-\m, Cu tZmjw Cuiz-
c-\n hcn-I-bn-.
tNmZyw: BcpsS Bflm-hn, Ftm-gmWv
thZ- {]Im-in-X-am-b-Xv.
Dcw: Atcv - E - t KztZm hmtbm- c y-
PqcvthZx kqcym-m-a-thZx (iX. 11. 4.2.3)
Hm-as krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n Cuiz-
c An, hmbp, BZn-Xy, AwKn-ckv Fo
aljn-am-cpsS Bflm-hn Hmtcm thZs
{]Im-in-n-p.
tNmZyw: tbm ssh {_mWw hnZ-[m-Xn-
]qcvw tbm ssh thZmw {]ln-
tWmXnXsska (tiz-Xmiz 6. 18) CXv D]-\n-
j-Zzm-Iy-am-Wv. {_m-hns lrZ-b-n-emWv
thZ- D]-tZ-in-Xv Fm-Wtm Cu thZ-
hm-Iy-n \np a\-n-em-Ip--Xv. ]ns
An XpS-nb Ejn-am-cpsS Bflm-hn-em-
sWp ]d--sX-s\?
Dcw: {_m-hns Bflm-hn Aym-
Zn-I aptJ-\-bmWv {]Im-in-X-am-b-Xv. a\p-
kvarXn t\mq. An hmbp chn-`ykvXp-{Xbw
{_-k-\mX\avZp-tZml b-kn-y-ar-
KyPqx kma-e--Wav (a-\p. 1. 23)
]c-ta-iz-c krjvSn-bpsS BZn-bn a\p-
jysc krjvSn-Xn\p-ti-jw, An XpS-nb
\mep aljn-am aptJ\ \mep thZ--tfbpw
{_m-hn\v {]m]vX-am-n, B {_mhv An,
hmbp, BZn-Xy, AwKn-ckv Fn-h-cn \nv
EtKz-Zw, bPqth-Zw, kma-th-Zw, AYh-thZw
Fo \mep thZ-tfbpw {Kln-p.
tNmZyw: B \mep t]p am{Xta thZ-
{]Im-in-X-am-bp-q. ampw {]Im-in-
X-am-bn-. AXn-\m Cuiz-c ]-]m-Xn-
bm-hp-nt?
Dcw: B \mept] am{Xw kIe Pohm-
flm-t- f-mfpw A[nIw ]hn-{X-cm-bn-cp-p. ap-
-h Ahp kZr-iy-c-m-bn-cp-p. Xn-
anw ]hn-{X-amb thZ-hn-Zysb Ah-cn {]Im-
in-n-n-.
147
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
tNmZyw: thZ-sf GsX-nepw \mp-`m-
j-bn {]Im-in-n-msX kwkvIr-X-n
{]Im-in-n--sX-p-sIm-mWv?
Dcw: GsX-nepw \mp-`m-j-bn {]Im-
in-n-m Cuiz-c ]-]m-Xn-bm-Ipw. GXp
\mp-`m-j-bn {]Im-in-n-p-pthm B \mn-
ep--hp thZw ]Tn-m\pw ]Tn-n-p-hm\pw
Ffp-hpw ap \mp-Imp hnj-ahpw BIpw.
AXp-sIm-mWv kwkvIr-X-nXs {]Im-
in-n--Xv. kwkvIrXw GsX-n-ep-samcp tZi-
nse \mp-`m-jb - - X
- m-\pw. IqSmsX thZ-`mj
thsd-bp kI-e-`m-j-I-fp-sSbpw aqe-am-Ip-p.
AXp-sIm- mWv AXns thZ- sf
{]I-Sn-n-Xv. `qan apX-emb Cuiz-c-kr-jvSn-I-
sfmw Fm \mn-ep-ap--hv Hcp-t]m-se-
bm-bncnpIbpw Fm inev]-hn-Zy-Ipw
Imc- W - a m- b n- c n- p- I bpw sNp- - X p- t ]mse
Cuiz-cs `mjbpw s]mXp-h m-b n-cn- - W w.
Fnte Fm \mp-Impw ]Tn-p-hm\pw ]Tn-
n-p-hm\pw Xpey-amb {]bXv\w thn-h-cq.
As\ Cuiz-c ]-]m-Xn-b-m-Xm-hp-Ibpw
sNpw. kwkvIrXw ap kIe `mj-I-fp-sSbpw
Imc-W-amb aqe-`m-j-bm-Wtm.
thZ- Cuiz-c-IrXw Xs.
tNmZyw: thZ- Cuiz- c - c - N n- X m- W v .
A\y-Ir-X-a F-Xn\v {]amWw FmWv?
Dcw: Cuiz-c Fs\ ]hn-{X-\pw,
kh-hn-Zym-hm-\pw, ipKp-W-I-kz-`m-h--
tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw, \ymb-Im-cn-bpw, Zbm-ephpw
C{]-Im-ca - p hnhn[ KpW-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - \pw
BtWm As\ CuizcsKpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-
-sf-sbmw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p {Kw Cuiz-c-
IrXw Xs. A\y-Ir-Xa -
- . krjvSn-{I-a
- n\pw
{]Xy-m-Zn-{]-am-W-pw ]hn-{Xm-flm--
fmb B]vX-m-cpsS {]hr-n-Ipw hncp--
ambn Hpw Xs ]d-n-n-m {KtatXm
AXv Cuiz-c-IrXw Xs-bm-Wv. Cuizcs
m\w Fs\ {`a-c-ln-X-amtWm As\
{`a- c - l n- X - a mb m\s shfn- h m- p
{Kw Cuiz-tcmw Xs-bm-Wv. Cuiz-c\pw
Cuiz-cs krjvSn-{I-ahpw GXp-hn-[-n-ep--
XmtWm AtX-hn-[-n Cuiz-c-t\bpw Cuiz-
c-kr-jvSn-bpsS Imcy-Im-cW - - s
- fbpw Pohm-flm-
-tfbpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-Xpw {]Xy-mZn {]am-
Cuiz-c thZw
W-v Ahn-cp-hpw ipm-flm-hns kz`m-
h-tmSp hntcm-[-an-m-Xpw Bb {Kw
Cuiz-cs Xncp-hmbv-sam-gn-X-s. CXmWv thZ-
. AmsX ss__n, Jp-B apX-em-
b- h - b CXns kv ] jv S - a mb hymJym\w
ss__n-fn-s\--nbpw Jp-B-s\--nbpw ]d-bp-
h ]Xn-aqpw ]Xn-\mepw kap-m-k--fn-ep-
v.
tNmZyw: thZ- Cuiz-c\ - n \np-m-
tI Bh-iy-ta-bn-. Fs-m, a\p-jy
{ItaW m\w hn-nv ]noSv ]pkvX-
I-sa-gp-Xn-sm-pw.
Dcw: Hcn--ep-an-. ImcWw IqSmsX
Imcyw Dm-Ip-pXv Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. Imn
Xma-kn-p a\p-jy {]Ir-Xn-sb-v Adn-
hp--h-cm-Ip-n-. Bsc-nepw ]Tn-n-m
hnZzm-m-cm-hp-Ibpw sNp-p. Cpw Bsc-
nepw ]Tn-n-msX Bcpw hnZzm-m-cm-Ip-n-
. AXp-t]mse Cuiz-c krjvSn-bpsS BZy-
Im-e-p-mb B aljn-amp thZ-hnZy
D]-tZ-i-n-p-Ibpw Ah ap--hsc ]Tn-n-p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-cpn-s-n kI-ecpw Adn-hn-
m--h-cm-bn-cp-t-s\. Hcp Ipnsb P\\w
apX GIm--amb e-v, arK--fp-sStbm
]Tn-n-m a\p-jy-cp-sStbm Iq-n ]mn-
p- ]w B Ipn Ah-tc-tm-se-bm-bn-o-
cpw. Imp-Pm-Xn-m-cmb `oep-Ifpw ap-amWv CXn-
\p-Zm-lc - W
- w. Bcym-h-n \nv hnm-
\-k-v ]pd-p-t]m-Im-Xn-cp Ime-a-{Xbpw
an{iw (Cu-Pn-]vv) bq\m ({Ko-kv) bqtdmv apX-
emb cmPy--fn-ep a\p-jyv hnZym-`ymkw
Hpta Dm-bn-cp-n-. Cw-p-Im-cpw 24 ap-
amb sImfw-_kv apX-em-b-h Ata-cn--bn-
tep t]mIp--Xn\p apv Ahn-sS-bp--h
Bbn-cw, ew F tImSn kwh--c--
fmbn aqV- c m- b n- c p- p. ]noSp \ hnZym-
`ymkw e`n--Xp-sImv Ah hnZzm-m-cmbn
An[w a\p-jyv krjvSn-bpsS BZn-bn
]c-am-flm-hn \np hnZybpw in-Whpw e`n-
-Xp-sIm-mWv ]no-Sp Ime--fn hnZzm-
m-cmbn `hn--Xv.
24. Cwv ae-bm-f-nse "ioa-bpsS ]cym-b-am-Wv.
sImfw-_kv t]mp-Ko-kp-Im-c-\-m-bn-cp-sv CXn-
\Y-an-.
148
 Ggmw kap-mkw
k ]qcvth-jm-a]n Kpcpx Imte-\m-\-h-t-
ZmXv (tbm-K-Zi\w k. ]m. 26) Cm-es
Aym-]-I-cpsS ASp- ]Tnp hnZzm-m-cm-
Ip hw Cuiz-c krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-
n Dmb An apX-emb aljnam-cpsS
Kpcp BIp-p. Fs-m Pohm-flm-
kpjp- ] v X ym- h - - b nepw {]f- b - I m- e pw
m\- c - l n- X - c m- h p- - X p- t ]mse Cuiz- c
m\-c-ln-X-\m-hp-n-. Cuiz-cs m\w
\nXy-am-Ipp. AXn-\m, \nanw IqSmsX
\nan-mYw Dm-hp-I-bn-sp \n-bn--
Ww.
tNmZyw: thZ kwkv I r- X - ` m- j - b n-
emWv {]Im-in-Xa - m-bX - v. An XpS-nb Ejn-
P-\- B kwkvIr-X-`mj Adn-n-cp--
Xp-an-. ]ns, Fn-s\-bmWv Ah thZ-
-fpsS Aw a\-n-em-n-bXv?
{_mWw
Dcw: Cuiz-c Xs-bmWv Ahp
a\-n-em-n-sm-Sp--Xv. [a-X-ev]-c-mcpw
tbmKn-I-fp-amb aljn-am GXp a{-ns
AYw Adn-b-W-sa-m-{K-lnv kam-[n-bn-en-
cpp Cuiz-c-kz-cq-]-ns [ym\-n \na-
-cm-Ip-tm Cuiz-c B A`ojvS a{-
ns AYw Ahp shfn-hm-n-sm-Sp-
n-cp-p. Cns\ At\Iw aljn-am-cpsS
Bflm--fn thZmw {]Im-in--tXm-Sp-IqSn
ap\n-am B AY-tbpw Ejn-am-cpsS Ncn-
{X--tfbpw shfn-hm-n-smv {K-
25 a{mYw I Ejn-am-cn cp-hn-`m-K-ap-v. Hv,
Ahv apv Bcpw a{mYw Is-n-bn-n-m--
h. cv ]qh-E-jn-am AYw Is-n-bn-cp-s-
nepw kzbw AYw Isn ]Tn-n-n-h. CXp-sIm-
mWv Nne kq-pw a{-pw Hn-e-
[nIw Ejn-amsc \nt-in-n-p--Xv. Nne AYw
Is-n-bnpw Bpw AY-{]-Im-i\w \S-n-bn-
p-m-hp-Ib - n Fpw hcmw. tKm]Y {_mWw D-
cmw 61 ""hnizm-an{Xx {]Ya a]-iyXv Ghm
Xzman- { - h - { Po (E.4- 19) Xm hnizm- a n- t {XW
ZrjvSm hma-tZthm f krP-Xv. '' Ghm Xzman-{-h-
{Pn F a{w hnizm-an-{X BZyw Zin-p. hnizm-
an-{X I-Xns\ hma-tZ-h krjvSnp (^-e-h-
mn D]-tZ-in-p) XmWvUy-{_m--W-n inip
BMvKn-c-kns\ A[ym-]-I F AY-n a{-
IrXv (a-{-{Z-jvSm-hv) Fp-]-d-bp-p-v. (13.3.24)
26 thZm\p {Ia-Wn-I-fn a{-ns Ejn Bcm-sWv
\nt-inp t]mcp-p.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
cNn-p. B {K- {_-n-s thZ-n-
s hymJym-\--fm-b-Xp-sImv Ahbvp
{_mWw Fp t]cm-bn. IqSm-sX Ejtbm
a{-Zr-jvSbx a{mk-{mZpx (\n-cpw
1. 20) GXp a{m-ns Zi\w GXv
Ejn-p-mtbm GXp a{ms GXv
Ejn amcpw I-dn-bp--Xn\p apmbn Bcm-
-dnp ap--h-sc -t_m-[n-n-pthm 25B
a{-tm-Sp-IqSn B Ejn-bpsS \ma-t[bw
Hm- b vmbn Ct- h sc FgpXn hcp-
pv. 26 Ejn-am-cmWv a{--fp-m-n-bXv
Fp ]d-bp--h anYym-hm-Zn-I-fm-sWp a\-
n-em--Ww. Ejn-am a{--fpsS AYs
{]Im-in-n-n-p--h am{X-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: GsXmw {K-mWp thZ-
sap t] DXv?
Dcw: Ev, bPq-v, kmaw, AYh t- hZw
Fo a{-kw-ln-X-Iv am{Xta Dq; asm-
n\pw C.
tNmZyw: a{-{_m--W-tbmth-Z-\m-a-t[-
bav apX-emb Im-Xym-b\ - I
- r-Xa- mb {]Xnm
kq{X-n\pw apw F-amWp ]d-bp-
Xv?
Dcw: t\mq. kwlnXm ]pkvXI - - ns
Bcw-` - nepw A[ym-bm-hk - m-\hpw thZiv_vZw
]pcm-X-\-Imew apX FgpXn hcp-p. {_m-
W-{K- - ns Bcw-` - nepw A[ym-b - ns
Ah- k m- \ - nepw Fpw Fgp- X n- b n- p- a n- .
IqSmsX \ncp--n CXy]n \nKtam `h-
Xn. CXn (N) {_mWw (5,3,4) Otm
{_mlvaWm\n N XZzn-j-bmWn (AjvSm 4,2,
66) CXp ]mWn-\o-b-kq-{X-am-Wv.
a{- ` m- K - a mWp thZ- s apw {_mWw
hymJym-\`- m-Ka - m-sWpw CXn \np kv]jvS-
am-W-tm. Cu hnj-b-n hnti-j-]-T\w
B{K-ln-p-h - Rm cNn-n-p ""EtKzZmZn
`mjy-`q-anI'' (thZ]cy-S\ - w) t\mp-I. At\Iw
{]am-W-p hncp--am-b-Xp-sImp ImXym-
b\ hN\w {]am-W-am-m ]mSn FmWv
AhsS kaYn-n-p-X - v. CXns\ {]am-Wa - mbn
kzoI-cn-m thZ- k\m-X-\--f-m-Xm-Ip-
sa- mWv Imc- W w. {_m- W - { K- - - f n
At\Iw aljn-am-cp-sSbpw cmPm--m-cp-
sSbpw apw Ncn{Xw ImWmw. Pohn-X-n\p
149
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
tij-am-Wtm Hcp-hs Ncn{Xw Fgp-Xp--Xv.
B {Khpw Ahs P\-\-n\p tij-am-
Wpm-hp-I. thZ--fn Bcp-sSbpw Ncn{Xw
C. hnZym-t_m[w Df-hm-p i_vZ--tf-
htbm Ah-bmWv AXn {]tbm-Kn-n-p--Xv.
GsX-nepw a\p-jys t]tcm IYtbm IYm-
k-`tam thZ--fn-en-.
thZ-im-J-I
tNmZyw-: thZ-v F{X imJ-I-fpv?
Dcw: Bbn-cn Hcp-\qn Ccp-]-tgv
tNmZyw:imJ Fp ]d-m-sev?
Dcw: imJ Fp ]d-bp-Xv hymJym-
\am-Wv.
tNmZyw: temI-n hnZzm-m thZ-
ns Ah-b-h-`q-X--fmb hn`m-K-sf
imJ-I-fmbn KWn-m-dnt?
Dcw: sXsmp Nnn-m icn-bm-Wv.
D imJ- I Biz- e m- b - \ apX- e mb
aljnam-cpsS t]cn {]kn---fm-Wv. a{-
kw-ln-X-I Cuiz-cs \ma-n {]kn---
fm-Wv. \mep thZ-fpw Cuiz-c-Ir-X-am-sWp
\n-bn-p--Xp-t]mse ""Biz-em-b\n'' apX-
emb imJ-I AXmXp aljn-am-cpsS cN-\-
I-fm-sW-t{X hnizm-kw. Fm imJ-I-fnepw
a{--fpsS {]XoIw FSp-nmWv hymJym-
\n- p- - X v . ssXn- c n- b - i m- J - b n ""Ctj-
tXzmcv t P- t XzXn'' apX- e mb {]Xo- I -
FSpp hymJym-\n-p-Xv CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-
am-Wv. thZ-kw-ln-X-I-fn-em-I-s, {]Xo-I--
sfmpw FSp- n- n- . AXn- \ m, Cuiz-
cIrX-fmb \mep thZ- aqe-hr--fpw
Ah-bpsS Biz-em-b-\mZn imJ-I Ejn-Ir-X-
fpw BIp-p. Ah-sbmpw Cuiz-c-Ir-X-a-
. CtX-n hnti-j-hym-Jym\w EtKz-ZmZn
`mjy-`q-an-I-bn-ep-v. amXm-]n-Xm--m km-
\--fn Ir]m-Zr-jvSn-sNm-cnv A`yp-Zbw
Imwn-p--Xp-t]mse Cuiz-c kI-e-a-\p-
jy-cnepw Ir]-sNm-cnv thZ-sf shfn-hm-
n-bn-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv a\p-jy Am-
\m--Im-c -am-Ip taml-Pm-e - n \np
tamNnv hnZym-m-\-am-Ip kqcys\ {]m]n-
v, B\--n-em-dm-Sp-Ibpw hnZy-tbbpw kpJ-
tbpw hn-n-p-Ibpw sN-s.
Cuiz-c thZw
\nXym-\n-Xy-hn-Nmcw
tNmZyw: thZ \nXy-tfm A\n-Xy-
tfm?
Dcw: \nXy--fm-Wv. Cuiz-c \nXy-\m-
b-Xp-sImv At-l-ns m\m-Zn-Kp-W-
fpw \nXy-f - m-Wv. \nXy-hk- vXp-f - psS KpW-
Ia-kz-`m-h- \nXy-fpw A\n-Xy-h-kvXp-
-fp-tSXv A\n-Xy-fpw BIp-p.
tNmZyw: Cu ]pkvX-Ihpw \nXy-amtWm?
Dcw: A. Cu ]pkvXI - w, IS-em-v, ajn
Fn-h-sImv Dm-n-b-Xm-Wv. AsX-s\
\nXy-amIpw? i_vZm-fpw Ahbvp Xn-
ep _hpw am{Xta \nXy-am-Ip-p-q.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c Ejn-amv m\w
\evIn-sbpw Ah m\-n \np
thZ- cNn-p-shpw hp-IqtS?
Dcw: tbw IqSmsX m\-an-.
Kmb-{XymZn O-p-I, jUvPm-Xn-Ifpw DZm-
m-\p-Zm-m-Zn-If - p-amb kzc- Fn-hb - psS
m\-tm-Sp-IqSn Kmb-{XymZn O-p-Isf
\nn- p- - X n\pw m\- k - qW- a mb
imkv{X-c-N-\bvpw kh-\mb Cuiz-c-
\-msX ampw kmaYy-an-. thZ-
A[y-b\w sNbvXp Ignv hnZy-Isf shfn-
hm-p--Xn\v aljn-am hymI-c-Ww, \ncp-
w, Okv apX-em-bh cNn-n-p-s-p-Xv
t\cm-Wv. Cuiz-c thZ-sf {]Im-in-n-n-s-
n Bpw Hpw \nn-p-hm Ign-bp-I-
bn-. AXn-\m thZ- Cuiz-tcm--am-Wv.
kI-e-P-\-fpw Ahsb A\p-k-cnp \S-p-
Ibpw thWw. ""\n-fpsS aXw FmWv?''
Fp tNmZn-m ""R-fpsS aXw thZ-am-Wv,
thZ- n Fsmw hn[n- n- ptm
AsXmw R kzoI-cn-pp'' FmWv
Dcw ]d-tb--Xv.
C\n krjvSn-hn-jb - s
- -n hymJym-\n-mw.
ChnsS kwn-]vX-ambn Cuiz-c-s\--n-bpw,
thZ-hn-j-b-s--nbpw hymJym-\n-p.
{ioa--bm-\ kc-kzXokzm-an-I-
cNn kXymY]-Im-i-n
Cuiz-c-th-Z-hn-j-b-sf
hymJym-\n-p
Ggmw kap-mkw Ign-p.
150
Fmw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw

151
kXym-{]-Im-iw DXv]n nXn {]fbw

152
 Fmw kap-mkw
Fmw kap-mkw
kXymY-{]-Imiw
krjvSn-bpsS DXv]n nXn, {]fbw
AY krjvSnhnjbav {]hymax
C\n krjvSn-bpsS DXv]n nXn, {]fbw Fo hnj-b- hymJym-\n-pp.
1. Cbw hnkr-jvSn-cyX B _`qh bZn hm
Zt[ bZn hm \x tbm Akym-[y-x- ]-c-ta-
thym-atm AwK thZ bZn hm \ thZ.
2. Xa Bko-a - km Kql-at{K {]tIXw
kenew kcvham CZw; Xpty-\m-`z-]n-lnXw
bZm-ko ]k-kvX--ln-\m-Pm-b-ssX-Iav.
(E 10 129. 7.3)
3. lnc-Wy-Kcv`x ka-hcvXmt{K `qXky
PmX ]XntcI BknXv; kZm-[mc ]rYnhnw
Zymap-tXamw Ikvssa tZhm-b lhnjm hnt[-
a. (-E. 10. 121.1)
4. ]pcpj GthZMv kcvhw bZv`qXwb
`mhyw; DXm-ar-X-Xz-tky-imt\m bZ-t-\m-Xn-
tcm-lXn. (b-Pq. 31.2)
5. btXm hm Cam\n `qXm\n Pmbt;
tb\ PmX \n Pohn; bXv {]b-y`n kwhn-
in; XZzn PnPvRm-kkz; XZv {_. (ssX-
n-cn-tbm-]-\n-j-v. `rKp-h-n. A\p-:1)
1. tl AMvK a\pjym Bcn \nv Cu
sshhn-[y-am PKv {]Im-in-X-amtbm Bcv
Cu PK-ns nXn kwlm-c- sNp-
p-thm, Bcv Cu PK-ns A[n-]-\mtWm
Fpw \nd-n-cn-p Bcn Cu temIw
apgp-h\pw DXv] - n, nXn, {]f-b - sf {]m]n-
p-pthm Ah-\t{X Cuiz-c. At-ls
\o At\z- j n- - d n- b p- I . am- s cbpw krjv - S n-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
8
Im-hmbn Icp-X-cp-Xv.
2. krjvSn-p-apv Cu PK-smw Iqcn-cp-
p-sIm-v aqSn-bXpw cm{Xn-t]mse AZr-iyhpw
Bbn-cp-p. BIm-i-cq-]-amb PKp apgp-h\pw
Cuiz-cs\ At]-nv Xphpw ad-p-In-S - p-
- X p- a m- b n- c p- p. ]noSv Cuiz- c Xs
kmaYyw-sImv Imc-Wc - q-]
- n \nv Imcy-
cq-]-am-n.
3. Atbm a\pjy! kqcy apX-emb tXtPm-
a-b-h-kvXp-v B[m-chpw CXp-hsc Dm-
bXpw Dm- I p- Xpw Bb temI- ns
GI\pw AZzn-Xo-b-\pw A[n-]\pamb Bb ]c-
am-flmhv Cu PK-ns D-h-n\pw apv
Dm-bn-cp-p. `qan apX kqcyh-sc-bp PK-
n-s\- kr-jvSn B ]c-am-fl-tZ-hs\ kvt\l-
]qhw `Pn-p-hn.
4. Fm-nepw \nd-p-ta-hp ]pcp-j\pw
\mi-c-ln-X-amb Imc-W-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw Poh-
sbpw \mY\pw AtN-X-\w, tNX\w Fn-h-
bn \np `n\pamb ]pcp-j-\mWv `qX, `hn-
jy-Xv h-am-\--fn hn-p PK-
ns {kjvSm-hv.
5. ]rYn- h ym- Z n- I - f mb kI- e - ` q- X - fpw
BcpsS krjvSn-bmtWm Bcn Ah-sbmw
nXn- s N- p- I bpw {]e- b n- p- I bpw sNp-
pthm B ]c-am-flmhp Xs-bmWv {_w.
153
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
AXns\ Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-q. Pm-Zy-ky-
bXx (th-Zm kq. A. 1. ]m. 1. kq. 2.) Cu
PK-ns krjvSn nXn-e-b- GXn
\nv Dm-Ip-pthm B {_w Xs-bmWv
Adn-b-s-tS--Xv.
tNmZyw: Cu PKv Cuiz-c-\n \ntm
ap h-Xn \nptam Dm-bXv?
Dcw: \nan--Im-c-W-amb Cuiz-c-\n
\nmWv D-hn--Xv. Fm CXns D]mZm-
\-Im-cWw {]Ir-Xn-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw: {]Ir-Xnsb krjvSn-Xv Cuiz-
c-\t?'
Dcw:A. AXv A\m-Zn-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw: FmWv A\m- Z n- s bp ]d-
m? A\m-Zn-bmbn F{X ]ZmY-
Dv?
Dcw: BZn-Im-c-Wtam D-h-k-a-btam
Cm--XmWv A\m-Zn. Cuiz-c, Poh, PK-
ns ImcWw Fnh aqpw A\m-Zn-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw: CXn\p {]amWw?
Dcw: 1. Zzm kp]Wm-kb - pPm kJmbm
kam\w hrw ]cn-j-kz-PmtX; Xtbm-c\yx
]new kzmZzy-\-iv\-t\ym A`nNmI
ioXn. (E. 1. 164. 20)
2. imiz-Xo`yx kam`yx. (b-Pp. 40. 8)
1 (Zzm) {_w Pohm-flmhv Ch cpw (kp-
]m) tNX-\Xzw ]me-\Xzw apX-emb KpW-
-sf-smv Xpey-fpw (k-bp-Pm) hym]y-
hym-]I - `- m-ht- mSp IqSn-bh - bpw (k-Jm-bm) ]c-
kv]cw an{X-fpw k\m-X\ - - fpw A\m-Zn-Ifpw
BIp-p. IqSmsX (k-am-\-av) A{]-Imcw (hr-
w) aqe-cq-]-amb A\mZn Imc-W-hpw, imJm-
cq-]nbmb Imcy-bp--amb hrw AXm-b-Xv,
qe-cq-]-n {]I-S-ambn {]f-b-n On-
`n--am-bn-tm-Ip--Xvaqm-as A\m-Zn-]-
ZmYw BIpp Cu aqn-sbpw KpW-Ia-
kz-`m-h - fpw A\m-Zn-If - m-Wv. Poh-{_-- f - n
Hv, AXm-bXv Poh hr-cq-]-amb Cu
temI-n ]pWy-]m-]--fm-Ip ^e-sf
(kzm-Zz-n) kzmtZmsS A\p-`-hn-p-p. ]c-am-
flm-hm-I-s, Ia-^-e-sf (A-\-iv\) A\p-
`-hn-msX \mep-`m-K-pw--A-Ipw ]pdpw
kh-{X-{- ]-Im-in-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Cuiz-c
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
Poh-\n \npw Poh Cuiz-c-\n \npw
`nhpw {]IrXn Ch-c-n \np `n-cq-
]nbpw Ch aqpw A\m-Zn-Ifpw BIp-p.
2. (im-iz-Xo-`yx) A\m-ZnIfpw k\m-X-\--
fp-amb Pohm-flm--fm-Ip Xs {]P-Iv
]c-am-flmhv thZw hgn kIe hnZy-I-tfbpw
t_m[nn-n-p-v.
3. APm-taImw temln-X-ip--IrjvWmw
_lzox {]Pmx krP am\mw kzcq]mx AtPm
tlytIm Pqj-am-tWm-\p-titX PlmtXy\mw
`p-t`m-Km-at- Pm\yx (tiz-Xm-iz-Xt- cm-]\ - n-jXv
4. 5)
CXv D]-\n-j -- n-ep hN-\-am-Ip-p. {]Ir-
Xn, Pohm-flm-hv, ]c-am-flmhv Cu aqpw AP-
Hcn-epw P\n-m--h BWv. Cu
aqpw kIe temI-n-sbpw Imc-W--fm-
Ip-p. Ch-bpsS Imc-W--fmbn bmsXmpw
C. A\m-Zn-bmb Pohm-flm-hv A\m-Zn-bmb
{]Ir- X nsb A\p- ` - h nv AXn AI- s p
t]mIp-p. ]c-am-flm-hm-I-s, AXns\ `pPn-p-
Itbm AXn AI-s-Sp-Itbm sNp-n-.
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS cq]w
Cuiz-c-sbpw Poh-sbpw eWw Cuiz-
c-kz-cq-]-hn-j-b-n ]d-p-I-gn-p. C\n
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS eWw ]dbmw:
kXz-c-P-kvX-akmw kmaymhm {]IrXnx
{]IrtXcvalm al-tXm-l-m--tcm-lmcmXv
]- X m{XmWyp- ` - b - a n- { nbw ]- X - m-
t{X`yx qe`qXm\n ]pcpj CXn ]hn-i-
XncvKWx. (kmw-Jy-Zi\w 1. 61)
(k-Xzw) ipw (c-Px) ayw (X-ax) PmUyw
AYhm PUX Fo aqp hkvXp- Hn-
p-tN kwLm-X-ns t]cmWv {]Ir-Xn.
{]Ir-Xn-bn \np al-Xzw AYhm _pn-
bpw, AXn \nv Al-m-c-hpw, AXn \nv
]-X-m-{X-I-fpw--]--`q-X--fpsS kqva-cq-
]---]v C{n-b-fpw ]Xn-s\m-m-as
a\-pw, ]-X-m-{X-I-fn \np ]rYn-hym-Zn-
I-fmb ]-`q-X--fpw, Cs\ Ccp-]-n-\m-
ep-Iqw Dm-Ip-p. Ccp-] - n-b - m-at- -Xmb
]pcp-j Poh\pw Cuiz-c\ - p-am-Ip-p. Ch-bn
{]IrXn Ahn-Im-cn-Wn-bpw 1 al-Xzw Al-
m-cw, ]-X-m-{X-I Fnh {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
1. {]IrXn Imcy hkvXp-h FYw
154
 Fmw kap-mkw
Imcy-fpw {]Ir-Xn, C{n-b - , a\v, qe-
`q-X- Fn-h-bpsS Imc-Whpw BIp-p.
]pcp-j asm-n-tbpw {]Ir-Xn--D-]m-Zm-\-Im-
c- W w A; asm- n \np- m- I p-
Imcyhpw A.
tNmZyw:
1. ktZh tkmtay-Z-a{K BkoXv.
(Om-tm-Kyw. 6. 2. 1)
2. AkZzm CZ-a{K BkoXv.
(ssX. D. {_. 7)
3. Bssfl-th-Z-a{K BkoXv.
(_rl 1. 4. 1.)
4. {_hm CZ-a{K BkoXv.
(iX 11. 1. 11. 1.)
Ch-sbmw D]-\n-j-p-I-fn-ep hmIy-
-fm-Ip-p. tltizX-tItXm 2 krjvSn-p-
-apv Cu PKv 1. kpw 2 Akpw 3.
Bflmhpw 4. {_-kzcq-]hpw Bbn-cp-p.
XpSv: XssZ-X _lpx kymw {]Pm-
tb-tbXn tkmfIm abX _lpx kymw {]Pm-
tbtbXn (ssX. D. {_. 6) B ]c-am-flmhp
Xs C- s Im- v At\Iw cq]-
ssIsm-p.
kcvhw JeznZw {_t\l \m\mkvXn
In\ 3 CXpw D]-\n-j-n-ep hN-\-am-
Wv. "Cm-Wp PKp apgp-h\pw {_-am-
-sW-p--Xn kwi-b-an-. AXn \m\m-
{]-Im-c-n-ep ]ZmY- bmsXmpw
C. Fmw {_w Xs-bm-Wv.'
Dcw: Cu hN-\-v A\Yw ]d-bp-
-sX-n\v? Fs-m AtX D]-\n-j-p-
I- f n- (- G - h - t ah Jep) tkmaym- t \
ipMv t K- \ mt]m aqe- a - \ zn- m- Z v ` n- t may
ipMvtK\ tXtPm-aq-ea\zn tXPkm tkmay
ipMvtK\ kq-ea\zn kqemx tkmtayamx
(kcvhmx) {]Pmx kZm-b-X\mx kXv{]-XnjvTmx
2 Cu kw-t_m-[\ BZy D-c-Wn-tbmSv tN-Xm-
Wv. \men-sbpw AYw Hnp ]dp Ft-bp-q.
3. CXv GsX-nepw {]mam-WnI D]-\n-j-nse hN-
\-a-. AXp-sIm-mWv ssP\m-Nm-cy-m, Ir{Xn-ta-Wm-
]ym-K-ta\ Xsskyh {]Xn-]m-Z-\m-Xv. DwN khw
sshJeznZw {_ t\l \m\m-kX v n-In-\ Ir{Xn-aa
BK-a-{]-am-W-mepw AXns\ Cs\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-
p--Xv. ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. khw JeznZw.... Cu {]amWw
I-am-sW-Yw. (kym-Zzm-Za- R
- vPcn SoIm. tmIw 13).
kXym-{]-Im-iw
(Om-tmKyw 6. 8. 4)
tizX-tItXm! A-cq-]-amb ]rYn-ho-Im-cy-
n \nv Pe-cq-]-m aqe-Im-c-Ws \o
Adnbp-I. Imcy-cq-]-amb Pe-m tXtPm-cq-
]-amb aqe-Im-c-W-t-bpw, tXtPm-cq-]-amb
Imcy-m k{Zq]-Im-cW - a- mb \nXy-amb {]Ir-
Xn-tbbpw a\-n-em-p-I. kXy-kz-cq-]-amb Cu
{]IrXn kIe PK-n-sbpw aqe-Im-c-Whpw
\nhm-k-m-\-hp-am-Wv. Cu PKp apgp-h\pw
krjvSn-p-apv Ak-n\p Xpeyw Bbn-cp-p.
Pohm-flmhpw {_hpw {]Ir-Xn-bn 4ebnv
hn-n-cp-p. Hn-sbpw A`mhw Cm-bn-
cpp. kw Jep F hN\w Av Ip-f-
v, hnp tNmv Fm-\p \mbcv ]-fv
Fp ]d--Xp-t]mse tN-bn-mXmWv.
khw JeznZw {_ Xem-\nXn im
D]m- k oX (Om- t mKy 3. 14. 1) t\l
\m\mkvXn In\ ( IT. D. 2. 4. 11.)
ico-c-n-ep Ah-b-h- ico-c-hp-ambn
tNn-cn-p-tm Imcy--ahpw ths]-Sp-
tm \njvIn-b--fp-am-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse
k`-n\p tbmPn hmIy- am{Xta
AY-kw-]p-jvSa - m-Ip-p-q. Hcp {]I-cW -
- n
\ns-Spv thsd h hmIy-hp-ambn Iqn-
tm Ah \nc-I - f
- m-Ipw. C-d
hN-\-ns AYw CXmWv: Pohm-flm-th,
\o {_s D]m-kn-p-I. GXp {_-n
\nv PK-ns D-n, nXn, BZn-bmb
Akv X nXzw kw`- h n- p- pthm GsXmp
krjvSnv [mcWw sNbvI-bm Cu PKv
hn-p-pthm Cu PKv GXns kl-
N-cn-X-amtWm 5 B {_s hnv asm-
ns\ D]m-kn--cp-Xv. tNX-\m-am-{Xhpw AJ-
WvUhpw GI-c-khpw Bb {_-n ap
]e hkvXp- tbmPn-n-cn-p-n-. Ah-
sbmw AXm-Xns kzcq-]-n shtsd
Cuiz-c\ - m-Ip GIm-[m-c - n hn-p-p.
aqp Imc-W-
tNmZyw: PK- n\v G{X Imc- W -
Dv?
- mb
4. Bivtf-jn-v.
5 {_-ns kl-N-cn-Xw--Iq-sS-bp--Xv.
hnp-am-dm-Xv FYw.
155
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw: aqv. Hm-a-tXp \nan-w,
cm-a-tXv D]mZm-\w, aqm-a-tXp km[m-
c-Ww. Bcv Dm-p-X - p-sIm-v Dm-hp-Ibpw
Dm- m- X n- c p- m Dm- I m- X n- c n- p- I bpw
sNp-pthm Abm-fmWv \nan--I m- c- W w.
kzbw Dm-ImsX asm-ns\ Dm-p-Xv
FYw. AXn-msX Hpw Dm-Ip-n-tbm
Ah-m-cw {]m]nv Dm-hp-Ibpw hnL-Sn-
p-Ibpw sNp--tXtXm AXmWv D]m-Zm-\-
Im-c-Ww. km[m-cW ImcWw Fp ]d-bp-Xv
Dm-p--Xn\v hgnbpw kmam\y ey-hp-am-
Ip--Xn-s\-bm-Wv. \nan--Im-cWw cp hn[-
n-ep-v. krjvSn-bn-ep ka-kvX-h-kvXp--
sfbpw D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-W-n \nv Dm-p-
Ibpw \ne- \ np- I bpw \in- n- p- I bpw
{]hn-n-p-Ibpw sNp Cuiz-c-\mWv
Ghpw apJy-amb BZn \nan--Im-cWw. cm-
a-t-Xv, Cuiz-cs krjvSn-bn-ep hkvXp-
- f m hnhn[ Imcym- - c - - f p- m- p
km[mcW \nan--Im-c-W-amb Pohm-flmhmWv.
kIe temI-t- fbpw \nn-p-hm-\p kma-
{Kn- b mb {]Ir- X n- s b ]c- a m- W p- - f mWv
D]mZm\ Imc-Ww. AtN-X\ - a
- mb AXn\v kzbw
Dm-Ip-hmt\m \in-p-hmt\m Ign-hn-. AXv
asm-cm Dm-n-bm Dm-hp-Ibpw \in-
n-m \in-p-Ibpw sNpp. Nnetm
PU-\n-an--n \nv PU-h-kvXp Dm-hp-
Ibpw Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNm-dp-v. Cuizc cNn-
X-amb hnv anhoWv Pew Inp-tm
apfv ac-am-bn-o-cp-p. An apX-emb AtN-
X-\-h-kvXp- \nanw Ah \in-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. Fm Ch-bpsS \nb-a] - qh-Ia - mb
\nm-Whpw \mihpw Cuiz-c-s-tbm, Poh-
stbm A[o-\-X-bn-em-Wv. Hcp hkvXp-hns
\nm- W - n m\w, Zi- \ w, _ew
lkvXw apX-emb hnhn[ km[-\-fpw tZiw,
Imew, BImiw Fn-hbpw km[m-cW Imc-
W--fm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-n\v IpSw Dm-p-
tm Ipi-h \nan--Im-c-W-hpw, av D]m-
Zm-\-\n-ImcWhpw, dmv, N{Iw XpS-nb D]-I-
c-W- kmam-\y-\n-an-hpw tZiw, Imew,
BIm-iw, {]Imiw, Iv, ssIv, m\w,
{Inb Fn-h-sbmw km[m-cW \nan--Im-c-
Whpw BIp- p. Cu aqp Imc- W -
IqSmsX bmsXm-pw Dm-hp-Itbm \in-p-
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
Itbm C.
Cuiz-c PK-ns
D]m-Zm-\hpw \nan--hptam?
tNmZyw: \ho\ thZmnI Cuiz-cs\
PK-ns \nan--Im-c-W-ambpw D]m-Zm-\-Im-
c-W-ambpw KWn-p-p--tm.
btYmcv-\m`n krPtX KrlvWtX N (ap-
WvU. 1. 1. 7) CXv D]-\n-j-Zz-N-\-am-Wv. Nnen
]pd-ta-\np bmsXmcp ]Zmhpw FSp-m-
sX, Xs ico-c-n \np \n-fn-p
\q sImp he-bp-m-n, AXn kzbw
Ifnp sImn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse {_hpw
Xn Xs PK-ns\ krjvSnv kzbw
PK-z-cq-]-\mbn {IoUnp sImn-cn-p-I-
bm-Wv. ""Rm At\I hn[-n-ep--h--P-
K- Z m- I m- c Bbn- ocpw'' Fn- s\
Cnv B {_w Xs tIhew k-ev]w-
sIm-p-am{Xw kh-P-K-z-cq-]-\mbn ]cn-W-
an-p-I-bmWp sNbvXn-p--Xv. Fs-m:
BZm-ht N bmkvXn h-amt\]nfX-
Ym.2 amWvUq-Iy-Im-cn-I-bm-Wn-Xv. apv Dm-
Im-Xpw HSp-hn Cm--Xp-amb hkvXp
h-am-\-nepw Cm--Xm-Wv. krjvSn-
bpsS BZnbn PKv Dm- b n- c p- n- .
{_w Dm-bn-cp-p-Xm-\pw. {]f-b-ns
Ah-km-\-n temIw \ne-\n-evp-I-bn-,
{_w am{Xta tijn-p-I-bp-q. Atm
h- a m- \ - I m- e - n PKp apgp- h \pw
Fp-sImp {_-a?
Dcw: \n ]d-bp--{]-Imcw {_w
PK-ns D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-W-am-sW-n, AXv
]cn-Wm-ah - n-t[-bhpw Ah-m-c - a- p-X- pw, am-
n\p hnt[-bhpw BsWp hcpw. IqSmsX
D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-W-ns KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-
Imcy-nepw hp-Iq-Spw. Imc-WK - p-W] - qhIx
Imcy-KptWm ZrjvS (ssh. Z. 2. 1. 24) D]m-Zm-
\- I m- c - W - ns KpW- p kZr- i - a mb
KpW- Imcy-nepw Dm-Ipw. {_w kn-
Zm-\--kz-cq-]-am-Wv. PKp Imcy-cq-]-am-I-bm
Akpw PUhpw B\--c-ln-Xhpw BWv.
{_w P\n-m-X - m-Wv. PKv Dm-bX - m-Wv.
{_w AZr- i yhpw PKv Zriy- h p- a m- W v .
{_w AJ-WvUhpw PKv JWvU-hp-am-Wv.
]rYnhn XpS-nb Imcy--sfmw {_-n
\nv Dm-b-Xm-sW-n Ah-bn-ep PU-
156
 Fmw kap-mkw
XzmZn KpW- {_-nepw Dm-Ipw. Ah
AtN-X-\- am-b n-c n-p--Xp-t ]mse {_hpw
AtN-X-\-am-sWp hcpw. Cizc tNX-\-am-
I-bm ]rYn-hym-Zn-Ifpw tNX-\a - m-sW-p hcpw.
Nne-n-bpsS DZm-l-cWw \n-fpsS aXs
km[q- I - c n- p- - X n\p ]I- c w, JWv U n- p-
IbmWp sNp- - X v . PU- c q- ] - a mb icocw
\qens D]m-Zm\ Imc-W-am-Wv. Pohm-flmhv
\nan--Im-c-Whpw AXpw Cuiz-cs Ap-X-
I-c-amb krjvSn-bpsS al-Xz-am-Wv. asmcp ico-
c-n \npw \qepmm Pohm-flm-hn\p
km[n-p-n-. AXp-t]mse Xs, hym]-I-
amb {_w Xn-ep-Xpw hym]y-hp-amb {]Ir-
Xn, ]c-am-Wp- Fo Imc-W--fn \np
qe-PK - - ns\ krjvSnv _mly-ambn qe-
am-n-bnv kzbw kmn-bmbn AXn-sepw
\nd-p-\nv B\--a-b-ambn hn-p-p.
""Rm kIe PK-n-t\bpw krjvSnp {]kn-
--\mIpw'' Fn-s\ Cuiz-c CuWw
sNbvXm AXm-bXv B{K-ln-p-I-tbm, Zin-
p-Itbm, hnNm-cn-p-I-tbm, Iman-p-Itbm
sNbvXn-p-s-n AXns Xmev]c - y-an-XmWv:
PKv Dm-Ip-tm am{Xta Pohm-flm--
fpsS hnNm-cw, m\w, [ym\w, D]-tZ-iw,
{ihWw Fn-bm Cuiz-c {]kn--\m-hp-
Ibpw At\Iw qe-]-Zm--tfm-Sp-IqSn
hn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-q. {]f-bm-h--
bn Cuiz-c\pw ap-cmb Pohm-flm--fp-a-
msX amcpw {_s Adn-bp-n-. AXn-
\m Cu Imcn-I(-{`-a-P-\y-am-Wv. krjvSn-p-
app {]f-b-Im-ev PKv Dm-bn-cp-n.
krjvSn-bpsS Ah-km-\-n, AXm-bXv {]f-
b-ns Bcw`w apX ASp krjvSn
Dm-Ip--Xp-hsc PK-ns ImcWw kqva-
ambn A{]-kn--am-bn-cn-p-p.
Xa Bko--akm Kql-at{K (E. 10. 129.
3) Bko-ZnZw Xtam `qX-a{- ]-m-Xa - e
-
- Ww
A{]- X cv I ya hntbw {]kp- ] v X - a nh
kcvhX (a-\p. 1. 5)
Cu PKp apgp-h\pw krjv-Snpaps
{]f-b-n A-Im-c-m Bhr-X(-B-m-
Zn-X)-am-bn-cp-p. {]f-bm-cw-`-ti-jhpw A-s\-
X-s-bm-bn-cn-pw. B ka-bv CXm-cp-sSbpw
Adn-hn-tem, `mh-\-bntem sImp-h-cmt\m
C{n-b-th--Z-y-am-Imt\m X-hw, kv]jvv-S-amb
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Nn--tfmSp IqSn-bXpw Bbn-cp-n-. Bhp-
I-bp-an-. h-am-\-Im-e-n am{Xta PK-
ns\ Adn-bm Ign-bq. kv]jvS-amb AS-bm-
f-t- fm-Sp-IqSn Adn-bm-dm-hp-tm am{Xta D-
Xp-t]mse Adn-bm Ign-bp-Ib - p-q. AXn-\m
ImcnIm cN-bn-Xmhv h-am-\-nepw PK-
n\v A`mhw Dsp ]d-Xv Xopw
A{]mam-Wn-IamWv. kqva-ambn Adn-bp--
bm {]am-W- aptJ\ Adn-bp--Xpw {]m]n-
p--Xpw Hcn-epw hn]-coX hn[-n-em-Im
hgn-bn-.
krjvSn--bpsS {]tbm-P\w
tNmZyw: PK- ns\ \nn- p- - X p-
sImv Cuiz-c\v FmWv {]tbm-P\w?
Dcw: \nn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xp-sImv
FmWp {]tbm-P\w?
tNmZyw: PK-ns\ \nn-m-Xn-cp-m
Cuiz-c\v B\--n \na--\m-Imw. Pohm-
flm-p kpJ-Zpx-J- Dm-hp-I-bp-
an.
Dcw: Ae-kcpw Zcn-{Z-cp-amb Bfp-Itf
Cs\ ]d-bq. ]pcp-jmYn-I ]d-bp-I-bn-.-
{]f-bm-h-k-c-n Pohm-flm-v kpJtam
ZpxJtam? krjvSn-bnse kpJ-Zpx-J-sf Xmc-
Xayw sNbv-Xp-t\m-n-bm kpJw ZpxJ-t-
m F{Xtbm aSv A[n-I-amWv Fp
ImWmw. krjvSn-bp-f-f-tm At\Iw ]cn--ip-
-cmb Pohm-flm- tamtm-]m-b - km[-
\-sNbvXv tam-ns B\w t\Sp-p.
sIm-cp-Xm--h kZm Dd-n-n-S-p--Xp-
t]mse {]f-b-n Pohm-fl- \njv{In-b-
cm-bn-cn-p-p. ]qh-kr-jvSn-bnse Pohm-flm-
p ]pWy-]m-]-Ia--fpsS ^ew sImSp-
p-hm Cuiz-c\v Fs\ Ignbpw? Pohm-flm-
AsX- s\ A\p- ` - h npw? Ip
sImsp {]-tbm-P\w F tNmZy-n\v
ImgvN Ft Dcw ]dbq? AXp-t]m-se,
PK-Xvkr-jvSn-p m\w, _ew, {Inbm-
in Fnh Cuiz-c-\p--Xp-sImv PK-
Xv\nam-W-a-msX asp {]tbm-P\w? thsd
{]tbm-P-\-ap-sp ]d-bp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-
tm? IqSmsX Cuiz-cs \ymbw, Zb apX-
emb KpW- krjvSn-bnse kmY-I-am-hp-
I-bp-q. Cuiz-cs A\-a - mb kmaYyw PK-
157
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
ns krjvSn nXn {]f-b--fpsS \nh-
l-W-n-eqsS am{Xta k^-e-am-hq. Ins
kzm`m-hnI KpW-amWv ImgvN. AXp-t]mse
Cuiz- c s kzm`m- h n- I - K pWw PK- ns\
krjvSnv Pohm-flm-smw AkwJyw
]ZmY- \evIn ]tcm-]-Imcw sNp-I-b-
t{X.
tNmZyw: hntm actam BZyw Dm-bXv?
Dcw: hnm-Wv. Fs-m hnv,
tlXp, \nZm-\w, \nan-w, ImcWw apX-emb
]Z- - s fmw Htc AYs Ipdn- p- p.
hnv FXp Imc-W-ns asmcp ]cymbw
am{Xw. AXn-\m AXp Imcy-n\p app
Xs Dm-I-Ww.
tNmZyw: kh-i-n-am-\m-I-bm Cuiz-
c\v Imc- W - - t fbpw Pohm- fl m- - t fbpw
DXv]m-Zn-n-p-hm Ign-bpw. Ign-bp-I-bn-s-
n kh-i-n-am-\m-bn-cn-p-I-bn-.
Dcw: kh- i - n- a m F- X ns
AYw apv Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. Akw-`-h-amb
Imcy- IqSn-sN-p--XmtWm kh-i-n-
am Fp ]d-bp--Xn\p ImcWw? ImcWw
IqSmsX Imcyw \nan-pI apX-emb Akw-
`h IrXy- \S-p-hm Hcmp Ign-bp-
sa-n bmsXmcp Imc-Whpw IqSmsX asmcp
Cuiz- c s\ krjv S n- p- h m- t \m, Bfl- l Xy
sNm-t\m, ZpxJn-X-\m-Ip-hmt\m A\ym-b-Im-
cnbpw A]-cn-ip-\pw Zpcm-N-cnbpw Bbn-o-
cp-hmt\m i-\m-Iptam Ctbm? An-bpsS
NqSv, sh-ns XWpv apX-emb kzm`m-hn-
I-\n-b-a-sf amp-hm\pw ]rYn-hymZn PU-h-
kvXp-sf hn]-co-X-Kp-W-ap--h-bm-p-hm\pw
Cuiz-c-\p-IqSn Ign-bp-I-bn-. Cuiz-cs \nb-
a- kXyhpw ]qW-hp-am-I-bm Ah ]cn-
h\w sNm km[y-a-. AXn-\m kh-
i-n-am F-Xns AYw am-cp-sSbpw
klmbw IqSmsX kzw Imcy- ]qW-
ambn sNp-hm i Fm-Wv.
\ncm-Im-c kmIm-c-\
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c kmIm-ct\m \ncm-Im-
ct\m? \ncm-Im-c-\m-sW-n ssIpw av D]-
I-c-W--sfmpw Cm--Xp-sIm-v PKXv
krjvSn km[y-ta-b-. kmIm-c-\m-sW-n
Cu tZmj-an-.
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
Dcw: Cuiz- c \ncm- I m- c - \ m- I p- p.
kmIm-c AXm-bXv ico-c-ap--h BsW-
n AXv Cuiz-c-\-. Fs-m ico-c-ap-
-h\v in-bn ]cn-an-Xnbpw tZiw, Imew
Fn-h-bn ]cn-n--X-bpw, hni-v, Zmlw
tOZ\w, t`Z\w, iotXm-jvWw-Pzcw ]oU apX-
em-b-hbpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. A-s\-bp--Xn
Pohs KpW--f-msX Cuiz-cs KpW--
sfmpw Hcn-epw tNcp-I-bn-. kmIm-c-cm-b
AYhm ico-c-ap--h-cmb \mw {Xk-tcWp
AWp ]c-amWp {]IrXn Fn-hsb kzm[o-\-
am-p-hm i-cm-Im--Xp-t]mse qe-tZ-
l-ap Cuiz-c\pw B kqva-]-Zm--
fn \nv qe-P-K-ns\ krjvSn-p-hm
i- \ m- h p- I - b n- . `uXnI C{n- b - fpw
ssIIm-ep-I apX-emb Ah-b-h-fpw Cs-
nepw Af-h _e-]-cm-{I-a--fp Cu-iz-c
Ah-tb-smv Pohm-flm-hn\pw {]Ir-Xnpw
Ai-Iy-amb kIe Ia-fpw sNp-hm
i-\m-Ip-p. {]Ir-Xn-tb-m kqva-X-c-
\mbn {]Ir-Xn-bn-sepw hym]nv hnv
{]Ir-Xnsb PK-ns BIr-Xn-bn-em-p-I-
bmWv Cuiz-c sNp--Xv.
tNmZyw: a\pjy-cp-tSbpw apw A-\--
am BIm-c-ap--h-cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS km-\-
fpw kmIm-c-cm-Wv. Ah \ncm-Im-c-cm-sW-
n Ah-cpsS afpw \ncm-Im-c-cm-bn-cn-pw.
AXp-t]mse Cuiz-c \ncm-Im-c-\m-sW-n
Cuiz-c krjvSn PKpw \ncm-Im-c-am-bn-
cn--Ww.
Dcw: Cu kwibw Hcp Ipn-t-Xp-t]m-
ep-v. Cuiz-c PK-ns D]m-Zm-\I - m-cW
- a
-
\nan--Im-c-W-am-sWv Ctm ]d--tX-bp-
q. qe-cq-]-n-ep {]Ir-Xnbpw ]c-am-Wp-
-fp-amWv PK-ns D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-Ww. Ah
Xopw \ncm-Im-c--f-. Ah Cuiz-c-t\-
m qehpw ap Imcy-hk - vXp-t- f-m
kqva-hp-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: ImcWw IqSmsX Imcyw krjvSn-
p-hm Cuiz-c\p Ign-hnt?
Dcw: C. Fs-m, A`m-h-ns
`mhw Cm-X - v, Dm-hpI F-Xv Xopw
Akw-`-h-am-Wv. hy-bpsS ]p{X\pw thsdmcp
hy-bpsS ]p{Xnbpw Xn hnhmlw sNp-
Xp Rm Ip. Ah a\p-jys sImp-
158
 Fmw kap-mkw
sIm-p-m-nb Hcp hnp ]nSn-n-cp-p. Ah
cp- t ]cpw BIm- i - ] pjv ] w sImp
ameI [cn-n-cp-p. Ah Ccp-hcpw Kh-
\-K-c-n ]mp-Ibpw Im\ Pe-n hkvXp [cva-Xzm-Zzn-\m-i-ky 7 (kmw-Jyw)
Ipfn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B Kh-\-K-c-n
taL- a n- msX Xs agbpw ap- I q- S msX
Xs kI-e-k-ky-hn-f-Ifpw apw Dm-bn-
cpp'' Fp-]-d-bp-tm-se-tb-bp-q. ImcWw
IqSmsX Imcyw Dmbn Fp ]d-bp--Xpw,
""aa amXm-]n-Xcu \kvtXm-l-tah PmXx aa
aptJ Pnlzm \mkv X n- h - Z man N'' F\nv
A\pw Abpw C. Rm C-s\-b-p-
m-bn. F\np \mhn-s-nepw Rm kwkm-
cn-p-p. amf-n ]mv Cm-bn-cp-s-nepw
]pdp hp. Rm\pw Chcpw Hcn-Spw Dm-
bn-cp-n-. Fnepw R-fnp hp. C{]-
Im-c-ap \S-m Imcy- D--KoXw
AYhm {`mp ]d-b-em-Wv.
Imc-W-n\p Imc-W-an-.
tNmZyw: ImcWw IqSmsX Imcyw Dm-
hp- I - b n- s - n Imc- W - ns Imcyw
FmWv?
Dcw: tIhew Imc-W-cq]w am{X-am-bh
asm-n-sbpw Imcy-am-Ip-n-. Hns Imc- h- a m- \ - n- e p hkv X p Cm- X m- I p-
Whpw thsdm-ns Imcyhpw BIp-h asm-
cn-\a- mbn 6 Adn-bs - -Sp-p. ]rYnhn Krlw apX-
em-b-h-bpsS Imc-Whpw Pew apX-em-b-h-bpsS
Imcy-hp-am-Wv. Fm aqe-Im-c-W-amb {]Ir-
Xnv thsd Imc-W-an-. AXv A\m-Zn-bm-Wv.
aqte aqem-`m-hm-Z-aqew (kmw-Jy. 1. 67)
thcn\v thcv AXm-bXp Imc-W-n\p ImcWw
C. AXn-\m Imc-W-an-m-Xv Fm Imcy-
-fp-tSbpw Imc-Wa - m-Ip-p. Fs-m GsX-
nepw Hcp Imcyw Dm-Ip-X - n\p apv AXn\p
aqp Imc-W- Ahiyw thWw. hkv{Xw
s\p--Xn\v s\bvp-Im-c, \q, Xdn-b-{-
apX-em-bh thWw. AXp-t]mse PK-
ns DXv]-n-p-apv Cuiz-c, {]Ir-Xn,
Imew, BIm-iw, Pohm-flm- Fn-hs - bmw
A\m-Zn-bmbn Ds-nte PK-ns DXv]n
Dm-hp-Ib - p-q. Ch-bn GsX-nepw Hns
A`m-h-n PKv Dm-hp-I-bn-.
6 {]IrXn hnIrXn FYw
7 kq{Xw 1.44
kXym-{]-Im-iw
A{X \mkvXnIm Blpx: \mkvXn-I ]d-
bp-p.
1. iq\yw XXzw `mthmf ]n hn\-iyXn
2. A`m-hm-Xv`m-thm-Xv]-ncv\m-\p-]-arZy
{]mZpcv`m-hmXv.
3. Cuizcx ImcWw ]pcp-jI - cvam^ey-Zcvi-
\mXv.
4. A\n-an-tXm `mthm-Xv]nx I-I-
ssX-vWymZn Zcvi\mXv.
5. kcvh-a-\n-Xy-ap-Xv]n hn\m-i-[--a-I-
XzmXv
6. kcvhw \nXyw ]-`q-X-\n-Xy-Xzm-Xv.
7. kcvhw ]rYKv `mh-e-W ]rY-zmXv
8. kcvh-a-`mthm `mth-jzn-X-tc-X-cm-`mh
kntx (\ym-b. 4. 1) 8
\mkvXn-I ]d-bpp:
(1mw \mkv X n- I ) iq\yw Fsmcp
]Zm-ta-bp-q. krjvSn-p-apv iq\y-am-
bn-cp-p. krjvSnp tijhpw iq\yta Dm-
hq. Fs-m Ctm-gp `mhw A-Yhm
tm iq\y-Xtb tijn-q.
Dcw: BImiw AZr-iy-am-bn-p--Xv. Hgn-
n-Sw, _np Fn-h-bvsmw iq\y-sap
]d-bp-p. iq\yw AtN-X-\-h-kvXp-hm-Wv. Cu
iq\y-n Fm ]ZmY-fpw AZriy-am-Wv.
Hcp _np-hn \np tcJbpw ]e-tc-J-I-sf-
smv hrm-Im-chpw Dm-Ip--Xp-t]mse
`qan, ]h-Xw, apX-em-bh - s
- bmw Cuiz-cs cN-
\-bn \np-m-Ip-p. IqSmsX iq\ys
Adn-bp--h iq\y-\m-bn-cn-p-I-bp-an-.
cmw \mkvXn- I : A`m- h - n
\nmWv `mhw Dm-Ip--Xv. hnns\ hnI-
kn- n- msX apf Dm- I p- n- . hnp
]nfp-t\m-n-bm AXn apf ImWp-n-
. Apcw ImWm-X - p-sImv A`m-h - n
\nmWv `mhw Dm-Ip--sXp hcp-p.
Dcw: _oPs hnI-kn-n-p-tXtXm
AXv BZyw Xs _oP-n Dm-bn-cp-p.
8. \ymb-Zi\w 4mw A[ymbw BnIw 1.
kq{X- 14, 19, 22, 25, 29, 34, 37, 39
159
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
As-n Hcn-epw apf-bvp-I-bn-.
Ia-^ew
aqmw \mkvXn-I: Iaw sNp--Xp-
sImv ^ew Hcp-h\v Inp-n-. F{Xtbm
Ia- \njv^-e-ambn ImWp-pv AXn-
\m Ia-^e - {- ]m]vXn Cuiz-cm-[o-\a
- m-sWv
A\p- a m- \ n- mw. GXp Ia- ns ^ew
sImSp--W-sav Cuiz-c\p tXmp-pthm
AXns ^ew am{Xw \Ip- p.
sImSpm\njvS-an-m Ia-ns ^ew
sImSp-p-n-. AXn-\m Ia-^ew Cuiz-
cm-[o-\-am-Wv.
Dcw: Ia-^ew Cuiz-cm-[o-\-am-sW-
n Iaw sNmsX Xs Cuiz-c Fp-
sImp ^ew \Ip-n? AXp-sImv Fp-
Ia-amtWm a\p-jy sNp-Xv AXns ^e-
amWv Cuiz-c sImSp-p-X - v. AXn-\m kzX-
{-\mbn tkzm-]qhw Cuiz-c Ia-^ew
sImSp-p-n-. Poh sNp Ia--
\p-k-cnv Cuiz-c ^ew \Ip-p.
\memw \mkvXn-I: ImcWw IqSmsI
]ZmY Dm- I p- p. apn- e hp
t]mep Nne ac-v BWn-t]m-ep
app-I-fp-v. 9 krjvSn-bpsS Bcw`w Dm-
Ip-tm-sgmw ico-cm-Zn-h-kvXp- ImcWw
IqSmsX Dm- I p- p- s hv CXn \np
{Kln-mw.
Dcw:GXn \nmtWm Hcp hkvXp-
hns DXv]-n. AXmWv AXns Imc-Ww.
apn-e-hn-e-msX app-m-Im--sX-p-sIm-
mWv?
Amw \mkvXn-I: kI-e-h-kvXp-fpw
DXv]-nbpw hn\m-ihpw Dh-bm-Wv. AXn-
\m Fmw A\n-Xy-am-Ip-p.
tmImt\ {]h-yman bZpw {K-
tIm- S n`nx {_- k Xyw PK- nYym Pothm
{_-ssah\m]cx
GtXm {K-n-ep--XmWv Cu
9. CXn\v Ia-^ew Imc-W-am-Ip-n-s-Yw.
10. AjvSm-h{I KoX tmIw 5.
i-cm-Nm-cy-cp-tS-sXv ]d-b-s-Sp {_-\m-am-h-en-
kvtXm{Xw tmIw 20 ""{_ kXyw PK-n-Yym
Pothm {_-ssah\m]cx.'' Fp ]mTw.
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
tmIw. 10 Cm-es thZm-n-I Am-
as \mkvXn-Is Iq-n s]Spw Fs-
m Ah ]d-bp-Xv: {_w kXyhpw
PKv anYybpw BWv. Poh\pw {_hpw
Xn t`Z-an-. At\-I-tImSn {K--fpsS
knm--am-Wn-sX--t{X.
Dcw: Fm ]ZmY--fp-sSbpw A\n-
XyX \nXy-am-sW-n Fmw A\n-Xy-am-Im
hgn-bn-.
tNmZyw: Fm-n-sbpw A\n-Xy-Xbpw
A\n- X y- a m- W v . An hnd- I ns\ Fcn- nv
kzbw sIp-t]m-Ip--Xp-t]m-se. 11
Dcw: {]Xy--ambn ImWm Inp
hkv X p h- a m- \ - I m- e - n A\n- X y- a m-
sWpw ]c-a-kq-va-amb ImcWw \nXy-a-
spw Hcn-epw ]d-p-Iq-Sm. PK-ns
D]n {_-n \nm-sWp thZm-n-
I hniz-kn-p ]w {_w kXy-am-b-
Xp-sImv AXn \np-m-Ip Imcyw Hcn-
epw anYy-bm-hp-I-bn-. kz]v\w-t]m-sebpw
Ib-dn kw t]msebpw shdpw k-ev]-am-
sWp ]d-bp-Xpw bpn-p-\n-c-p--X-.
Fs-m kev]w KpW-am-Wv. KpW-n
\np {Zhyw Dm-hp-I-bn-. KpWw {Zhy-n
\np-th-dn-Sp-Ib- p-an-. k-ev] -- ns Imhv
\nXy-\m-sW-n k-ev]hpw \nXy-am-bn-cn--
Ww. As-n k-ev]-ns Imhpw
A\n- X y- \ m- sWp [cn- p- I . ImWp- I tbm
tIp-Itbm sNm-Xv Hcn-epw kz]v\-
n hcn-I-bn-. Pm{K-X-h--bn--A-Yhm
h- a m- \ - I m- e v kmm- X v _ - - m
kXy-h-kvXp--fpsS {]Xy--m\w Dm-b-
Xn-\p-tijw Ah-bpsS kwkvIm-cw hmk-\m-
cq-]- n-ep m\w Bflm-hn ]Xn-bp-p.
kz]v\-n Ah A{]-Xy--am-Ip-p. kpjp-
]vXn-bn _mly-]-Zm--fpsS m\w
Cs-nepw Ah-bpsS k Cm-Xm-hp-n-.
AXp-t]mse {]f-bI - m-epw Imc-W{- Zhyw \ne-
\np-p. kwkvImcw IqSmsX kz]v\w Dm-
Ip-sa-n P\m A\pw cq]w kz]v\w
ImWpw. AXn-\m kz]v\-n hkvXp-kw-
_--amb PvRm\w am{X-ta-bp-q. Fmw
Atmgpw _lnx-n-X-am-Wv.
11. \ A\n-XyXm \nXy-XzmXv (\ymbw 4.1.26)
160
 Fmw kap-mkw
tNmZyw: Pm{K-Zh -
- b
- n-ep ]ZmY-
kz]v\-n-epw, c-h--bn-ep-apXv kpjp-
]vXn-bn-epw, A\n-Xy-am-bn-o-cp-p--tm.
AXp-t]mse Pm{K-Z-h--bn Adn-bp--
hbpw kz]v\-Xp-ey--fmbn hnNm-cn--Ww.
Dcw: AXp km[y-ta-b-. Fs-m,
kz]v\-nepw kpp-]vXn-bpepw _mly-]-
ZmY- - f psS Am\w am{Xta Dq,
A`mhw C. Hcm-fns ]n`m-Kv Ccn-p-
At\Iw hkvXp- Ah ImWm- - Xp-
sImv Ah- b psS A`mhw Dm- I p- n- .
kz]v\-kp-p-]vXn-I-fnse Ah-bpw CXp-X-
s. AXn-\m app ]dp h-t]mse
{_w, Poh, PK-ns ImcWw Fnh
\nXy-am-sW--Xp-X-s-bmWv kXyw.
Bdmw \mkvXn-I: ]-`q-X- \nXy-
-fm-I-bm PK-p-ap-gp-h\pw \nXy-am-Wv.
Dcw: CXp icn- b - . Fs- m
D]n hn\m-i - p ImcWw ImWm
Ign-bp--sXmw \nXy--fm-Ip-sa-n qe-
P-K-pw, qe-i-co-cw, IpShpw appw Fn-
h-bvsmw Dev]n hn\m-i--fp--Xm-I-
bm Ah-sbmw \nXy--fm-bn-o-cpw. AXn-
\m Imcy-p \nXyXzw kzoIm-cy-a-.
Ggmw \mkvXn-I: kI-e-]-ZmYfpw
sht-sd-bm-Wv. GI-hkvXp Hp-an-. \mw
ImWp hkv X p- - f n- s em- nepw asmcp
hkvXp ImWp--tX-bn-.
Dcw: Ah-b-h--fnse Ah-b-hn, h-
am-\-Im-ew, BIm-iw, Cuiz-c Fnh sht-
sd-bp ]ZmY-k-aq-l--fn Hm-Wv. Ah-
b-msX thsd Hp-an-. AXn-\m Hmtcmpw
thsd-b-. cq]-n Ah sht-sd-bm-sW-
nepw sht-sd-bp ]ZmY--fn Hcp GI-
h-kvXp-Iq-Sn-bpv.
Fmw \mkvXn-I: kI-e] - Z- mY-f
- nepw
At\ym-\y-`mhw D-Xp-sImv khhpw
A`m-hc - q-]a
- m-Wv. ""A\tizm Kux AKu-cizx''
Fv DZm-l-c-W-w. Imf IpXnc-b-. IpXnc
Imf-b-. AXn-\m Fmw A`m-h-cq-]-sap
Icp-X-Ww.
Dcw: kI-e-]-ZmY--fnepw At\ym-\y-
`mhw Dm-bmepw ""Khn Ku Atiz Atizm
`mh-cq-t]m-hcvX Gh'' Imf-bn Imfbpw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
IpXn- c - b n IpXn- c bpw `mh- c q- ] - n- e p- v .
A`mhw Hcn-epw hcn-I-bn-. ]ZmY-v
`mhta Cs-n At\ym-\y-`mhw Fp-]-d-
bp-Xp Xs Fn-t\--n-bmWv?
H]Xmw \mkvXn- I : PK- ns
Dev]n kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. shhpw tNmdpw
tNp-h-n-cp-m Nov AXn ]pgp--
fp-m-hpw. hnpw hfhpw apw tNv
]ppw achpw Ip-Ifpw Dm-Ip-p. IS-epw,
Impw tNv Xnc-am-ebpw Xnc-am-e-bn
\np IS\p-cbpw Dm-Ip-p. afpw
Npmpw \mc-m-\ocpw IqSn tNm
knq-c-ap-m-Ipw. PK-p-ap-gp-h\pw AXp-
t]mse ]ZmY--fpsS kzm`m-hnI KpW-
sImv Dm-b-Xm-Wv. AXn\v \nam-Xm-
hn-.
Dcw: PK-ns D]n kzm`m-hn-I-
am-sW-n AsXm-cn-epw \in-p-I-bn-.
kz`mhw sImp-Xs hn\m-ihpw kw`-hn-p-
sa-n Dev]-ntb Dm-hp-I-bn-. Dev]-n-
hn-\m-i- cpw {Zhy--fn kzm`m-hn-I-
ambn Hcp-t]m-se-bp-X - mbn hnNm-cn-m A-
s\-bp Dev]-n-hn-\m-i--fpsS hyh Hcn-
epw Dm-hp-I-bn-. Dev]-n-hn-\m-i-
ss\an-n-I--fm-sWp Icp-Xn-bm, B \nan-
s Dm-hp-Ibpw Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNp-
- X n \np `n- a mbn Icp- X - W w. Dev ] -
nbpw hn\m-ihpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Dm-Ip-
-Xm-sW-n Htc kabw cpw IqSn Dm-
hpI h. kzm`m-hn-Ia - m-bp-m-Ip-X - m-sW-n
Cu `qtKm-f - n-s-bS- pv thsdmcp `qtKm-fhpw
kqcy- N - { - mcpw apw Dm- I m- - s X- p-
sImv? GsXmw tNv GsXmw Dm-Ip-
pthm Ah-sbmw Cuiz-c\ - nan-Xa- mb hnv,
shw, tNmdv apX-em-b-h-bpsS kwtbm-K-m-
ep-m-Ip XrW-hr-m-Zn-I-fpw, Iran apX-em-
b-hbpw BWv. AmsX am-cp-ap-m-n-b-X-.
a, Npm-v, \mc-m-\o Fnh Zqsc
\np-hv kzbw Hn-p-tN-cp-n-. tNm-
s\m-cmfpsnte tNcq. th-t]mse Iqn-
tmte knqcw Dm-hq. A\p-]mXw IqSn-
bmtem Ipd-mtem knqcw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
AXp-t]mse {]Ir-Xn, ]c-am-Wp- Fo
PU-]-ZmY-sf ]c-ta-iz-c m\-tmSpw
bpn-tbmSpw IqSn kwtbm-Pn-n-m-Xn-cp-m
161
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Imcy-kn-n-p-XIpw hw hnti-j-h-kvXp-
hmbn ]cn-Wan-p-hm Ah i-am-hp-I-bn-
. AXn-\m kzm`m-hn-I-am-b Cuiz-cs cN-
\-sIm-mWv krjvSn Dm-Ip--Xv.
tNmZyw: Cm- W p PK- n\v Hcp
Imhv Dm-bn-cp-n-. Ctm-gn-, Dm-
hp-Ib - p-an-. A\m-Zn-Imew apX CXv Cw
Xs. CXnv Hcn-epw DXv]n Dm-bn-
n-. hn\m-ihpw Dm-hp-I-bn.
Dcw: Im-hn-msX {Inbtbm {Inbm-
P-\y-amb ]ZmYtam Dm-hp-I-bn-. ]rYn-hym-
Zn-I-fmb GsXmw ]Zm--fn kwtbm-K-
\n-an--amb cN\ Zriy-amtWm Ah-sbmpw
Hcn-epw A\m-Zn-b. kwtbmKw sImv Dm-
Ip-Xv kwtbm-K-n\p apv Dm-bn-cn-p-I-
bn-. hntbm-K-n\p tijw \ne-\np-I-bp-
an-, CXp icn-bm-sWp tXmp-n-s-n
hkvXp--fn Ghpw ITn-\-amb Icn--v,
sshc--v, Dcpv apX-emb ]ZmY-fn
hn`n ]c-am-Wp-sf Iqn-tn-ptm
Fv Ahsb ]nfp s]mSnp `kva-amn
t\mp-I. Iqn-tp-s-n Ah \n-b- fp m\-n-\p-S-abpw Bb-hs {]hr-n-
ambpw Ime-{I-taW ths]-p-t]m-Ipw.
tNmZyw: A\m-Zn-bmb Hcp Cuiz-c C.
tbmKm- ` ym- k w- s Imv AWn- a m- Z n- I - f mb
sFiz-cy- km-Znp kh-Xzw XpS-
nb KpW- - t fmSp IqSnb apnsb
{]m]n m\nbmb Pohm-flmhp Xs-
bmWv Cuiz-c.
Dcw: PK-ns\ krjvSn-n-p-Xv A\m-
Zn-bmb Cuiz-c-\-s-n apn {]m]n Pohm-
flm-v B{i-bhpw Poh-\-cq-]-hp-amb Cu
PK-v, icocw, C{nb tKmf- Fn-h-
sbmw F-s\-bp-mIpw? Ch-bn-s-n
Pohm-flm-hn\v km[\ sNm Ign-bp-I-bn-.
km[- \ - b n- s - n kn- \ m- I p- - s X- s\?
Pohm-flmhv km[-\-bn-eqsS knnsb {]m]n-
mepw kzbw k\m-X\ - hpw, A\m-Zn-bpw, A\
knn-bp-ap Cuiz-c\p Xpey-\m-hp-I-bn-.
Pohm-flm-hns m\w AXns ]c-am-h-[n-
bn- s e- n- b mepw ]cn- a n- X - a mb m\hpw
kmaYy- h pta e`n- q. A\- - m- \ hpw
kmaYyhpw e`n- p- I - b n- . t\mq! Hcp
tbmKnbpw Cp- h sc Cuiz- c - \ nn- X - a mb
krjvSn-{I-as amm i-\m-bn-n-. Bhp-
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
I-bp-an-. Ip-sImp ImWp-I, sNhn-sImp
tIp- I , Fn- s\ A\m- Z n- k n- - \ mb
Cuiz-c sNbvXn-p Gm-Sns\ amp-hm
Hcp tbmKnbpw i-\-. AXn-\m Poh
Hcn-epw Cuiz-c-\m-hp-I-bn-.
tNmZyw: Iev]w tXmdpw Cuiz-c hne-
-W-amb krjv-Sntbm AtXm Htc-X-c-n-
ep krjvSntbm \nan-p-Xv?
Dcw:Ctm- g - t - X p- t ]mse Xs
appw. `mhn-bnepw A-s\-X-s. amta hcp-
p-I-bn-.
kqcym-N-{-aku [mXm bYm ]qcvh-I-ev]-
bXv Znhw N ]rYnhow Nm-cn--atYm kzx
(E. 10. 190. 3)
([m-Xm) Cuiz-c Fs\ ]qh-I-ev]-
n kqcy, N{, `qan, BIm-iw, apX-em-
b-hsb krjvSn-pthm AtX-hn[w Cu Iev]-
nepw krjvSn-n-p-v. A-s\-Xs hcpw
Iev]-nepw krjvSn-pw. AXn-\m Cuiz-
cs {]hr-n-I \yq\-X-Iq-SmsX kZm Hcp-
t]m-en-cn-p-p. Aev]-\pw hrn-b--
I-fn \yq\-X-I Dm-bn-cnpw Cuiz-cs
{]hr-n-Ifn Dm-hp-I-bn-.
tNmZyw: krjvSn hnj-b-s-n thZmZn
imkv { X- - f n sshcp- ytam Assh- c p-
[ytam DXv?
Dcw: Assh-cpyw
tNmZyw: Ahn-cp--sa-n
Xkv a mZzm GX- k v a m- Z m- fl \ BImix
kw`qXx BIm-im-Zzmbpx hmtbm-cnx At-
cm]x AZv`yx ]rYnho; ]rYnhym Hmj-[bx
Hmj-[n-t`ymw Am-t{ZXx tcXkx ]pcpjx
k hm Gj ]pcp-tjm--c-k-abx ssXn-
co-tbm-]-\n-j-Zz-N-\-am-Wn-Xv. 12 B ]c-am-
flm- h n \npw {]Ir- X n- b n \npw
BImiw AXm-bXv CSw Dm-bn. kh{X
hym]n-n-p Imc-W-cq-]-amb ]ZmYs
Hn-p-tNv Hcn-S - m-p-X - p-sImv CSw
Dm-Ip--Xp-t]mse tXmp-p. hmkvX-h-
n BIm-i-n\v DXv]-n-bn-. Fs-
m, BI-i-an-s-n {]Ir-Xnbpw ]c-am-
12. {_m-\--hn 1.
162
 Fmw kap-mkw
Wphpw FhnsS hnpw? BIm-i-ap-m-
b-Xn-\p-tijw hmbp-hpw, hmbp-hn-\p-tijw
An-bpw, An-p-tijw Pehpw Dm-bn.
Pe-n-\p-tijw ]rYn-hnbpw ]rYn-hn-bn
\nv Hmj-[n-Ifpw (k-ky--fpw) Hmj-[n-I-
fn \nv Ahpw A-n \nv hocy-
hpw, hocy-n \nv ]pcp-j\pw AYhm
ico-chpw Dm-bn. ChnsS BIm-imZn {Ia-
nepw Omtm-tKym-]-\n-j-n AymZn
{Ia-n-epw, sFX-tc-b-n Pem-Zn-{I-a-
nepw krjvSn {Iaw ]d-bp-p. thZ--
fns Nnte-Sp ]pcp-j-\n \npw,
ap-Nn-te-Sp lnc-Wy-K`m-Zn-I-fn \npw,
]qh- a o- a mw- k - b n Ia- n \npw
sshti-jn-I-n Ime-n \npw \ymb-
n ]c-am-Wp--fn \npw .tbm-K-n
]pcp-jmY-n \npw kmwJy-n {]Ir-
Xn-bn \npw thZm--n {_-n
\npw BWv krjvSn-bpsS DXv]n {]Xn-
]m-Z-\w-. CXn GXv kXyw? GXv AkXyw?
Dcw: Fmw kXyw-X-s-bm-Wv. Hpw
Ak-Xy-a-. sXn--cn-p--h-\mWv anYym-hm-
Zn. Cuiz-c PK-ns \nan--Im-c-Whpw
{]IrXn D]m-Zm-\I - m-cW
- h
- p-am-Wv. alm-{]-fb
-
\p-tijw Dm-Ip krjvSn-bpsS DXv]n
BIm-im-Zn-{I-a - n-em-Wv. BImiw hmbp Fn-
h-bpsS {]fbw kw`-hn-m-Xn-cn-p-tm 13
A- ym- Z n- I p am{Xw {]fbw Dm- I p-
tm Aym- Z n- { I- a - n- e mWp krjv S n.
hnZypv An Fn-h-bvp-IqSn \miw t\cn-
Sm-Xn-cn-p-tm Pem-Zn-{I-a-n-emWp krjvSn
Dm-Ip--Xv. GtXXp {]f-b-n GtXXp
]ZmYw hsc \in-p-t]m-Ip-pthm AXmXp
]ZmYw apX-evmWp ]no-Sp krjvSn
13. Cu Ahm-c {]fbw Hmtcm a\z--c-nepw Dm-
Ip-p. AXn-\m a\z--c-n-S-bn kn-Imew
KWn-n-cn-p-p. thZ-m-\- ns shfn-]mSv krjvSn-
bpsS BZn-bnte Dm-hq. a\z--c-p-tijw
Ddw DWhv \ymtb-\ Ejn-am-cn kzbw shfn-]mSv
Dm-Ip-p.
14. Cu Ahm-c {]f-b-n am\-h-N-cn-{Xhpw \in-p-
p. Cp Ncn{Xw Cu a\z--c-n-teXp am{X-am-
Wv. CXns\ `mc-Xob {K--fn a\p-hns Pe-{]-f-
b-sapw ap {K--fn t\ml-bpsS {]f-b-sapw
]d-bp-p. (a\px = a\plv \plv, \qlv, t\mlv?)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
FYw. 14 ]pcp-j, lnc-Wy-K` apX-em-
b-sXmw Cuiz-cs t]cp-I-fmWv Fv Hmw
kap-m-k-n ]d-n-p-v.
Htc Imcy-ntem hnj-b-ntem D ]c-
kv]-c-hn-cp--amb hN-\-s-bmWp hncp--
sap ]d- b p- - X v . Bdp imkv { X- pw
At\ym-\y-ap Ahn-tcm[w F-s\-sbp
ImWpI:""Ia-ns tNjvS-Iq-SmsX Dm-
nb Hcp Imcyhpw PK-n C.'' Fp
aoamw-k. ""Imew IqSmsX bmsXmpw Dm-
hp-I-tb-bn'' Fp sshti-jn-Iw. ""D]m-Zm-
\-Im-c-W-an-s-n bmsXmpw Dm-p-
hm km[n-p-I-bn-.'' Fp \ymbw. ""hnZy,
m\w, hnNm- c w, Fn- h - I q- S msX
bmsXmpw \nan-p-hm km[y-a-.'' Fp
tbmKw ""Xz--fpsS kt-f\w IqSmsX
krjvSn-bn-.'' Fp kmwJyw. ""\nam-Xmhp
\nan-n-s-n Hcp hkvXphpw Dmhp-I-
bn-.'' Fp thZmw'' Cs\ krjvSn Bdp
Imc-W - f
- n \nmWv Dm-Ip-X - v. B Bdp
Imc-W - f
- n Hmtcm-n-sbpw hymJym-\a - mWv
Hmtcm imkv { X- n- e p- a p- - X v . AXn- \ m
Ahbvp Xn Hpw hntcm-[-an-. Bdv Bfp-
- n- I tNv Hcp tapc FSp-p-s]mn
`nn-I-fn m]n-p--Xp-t]mse krjvSn-cq-
]-amb Imcy-ns hymJym\w Bdp imkv{X-
Im-c-m IqSn-tp ]qW-am-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Ip-Im-Wm Ap-t]pw ImgvN-p-d-
hp Hcp-h\pw Hcm-\-bpsS Hmtcm Ah-b-h-
sf kv]-in-p. ]noSv ""B\ F-s\-bp-
-XmWv?'' Fv tNmZn-p. Ah-cn-sem-cm
B\ XqWp-t]m-se-bm-sW-pw, cm-a apdw
t]mse-bm-sWpw aqm-a De--t]m-se-bm-
sapw \mem- a Nqep- t ]m- s e- b m- s Wpw
Am- a Xd- t ]m- s e- b m- s Wpw ]d- p.
""B\ Idp \mep XqWp-I-fpsS apI-fn
\nevp Hcp t]mn-s\-tm-se-bp-sv
Bdm-a ]d-p. CXp-t]mse Cm-es
A\mj-amb \ho-\-{K-- hmbn-p
{]mIr-X-`m-j-m Ejn-{]-Wo-X--fmb {K-
hmbn-msX \ho\ p{Z-_p-n-I-fpsS
kwkvIr-X{- K- - fpw `mjm-{K- - fpw am{Xw
hmbnv ]c-kv]c \n-bnepw hy-amb hmbm-
Sn--c-nepw Gs-Sp--tX-bp-q. Ah-cpsS
hmp-I _pn-am-mpw ap--hpw
163
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
kzoIm-cy-a-. A hgn-Im-p A Ipgn-
bn hogm-Xn-cn-ptam? AXp-t]mse Cm-
es Aev]-hn-Zym-bp-cpw kzmYn-Ifpw
C{nb kpJ- c m- a - m- c m- b - h - c psS Ifn- I
temIs \in-n-p-hm t]m-Xm-Wv.
ImcWw Imcyw krjvSn
tNmZyw: ImcWw IqSmsX Imcyw Dm-
hp-Ib- n-s-n, Imc-W - ns ImcWw Fp-
sIm-n?
Dcw: auVy-n-em ktlm-Z-c-m-tc,
\n kzev]w kz_pn {]tbm-Kn-m--
sXv? temI-n BsI cp ]Zm--
tf-bp-q. Hp Imc-Ww, at-Xp-Im-cyw. ImcWw
Im-cy-a-. Imcy-am-bn-cn-p-tm AXv Imc-W-
am-hp-I-bn-. krjvSnsb icn-bmbn Adn-bm-Xn-
cn-p-thmfw a\p-jyv m\-{]m-]vXn-bp-m-
hp-I-bn-.
\nXymbmx kXz-c-P-kvX-akmw kmaym-h-
mbmx {]IrtXcpXv ] - m\mw ]c- a - k q-
vamWmw ]rYIv ]rY-Kzcvam\m\mw Xz-
]c-am-Wq\mw {]Yax kwtbm-Km-cw`x kwtbm-
K- h n- t i- j m- Z - h - m- - c ky qem- I m- c -
{]m]vXnx krjvSn-cp-NytX
A\m-Znbpw \nXy-kz-cq-]hpw kXzw, cP-kv,
Xakv Fo KpW--fpsS kmaym-h--bp-amb
{]Ir-Xn-bn \np-m-bXpw AXy--kq-va-
fpw At\ym\yw AI-n-cn-p--h-bp-amb
]ZmYm-h-b-h--fpsS BZys kwtbm-Km-cw-
`-hpw, B kwtbm-K-hn-ti-j--fm Df-hm-Ip
Ah-m--c--fpsS (]n-oSp ]noSv Dm-
Ip kqva-n \np qem-h-sb
{]m]n-) hnNn{X cq]- Dm-Iepw \S-
p-p. Cu hnNn{X cq]--fpsS kwkKw
Dm-I-bm-emWv krjvSn-sbp t]cp ]d-bp--
Xv. {]Ya kwtbm-K-n IqSn-t--cp-Xpw Iqn-
tp--Xp-amb ]ZmYw GtXm kwtbm-K-
ns BZnbpw hntbm-K-ns A-hp-ambn
hn-p--tX-tXm, GXn\v hn`mKw Dm-hp-
I-bn--tbm AXn\v Imc-W-sap ]d-bp-p.
kwtbm-K-n\p tijw Dm-Ip-Xpw hntbm-
K-n\p tijw AtX-cq-]-n-en-cn-m--Xp-
amb ]ZmY-s-bmWv Imcy-sap ]d-bp--
Xv. Imc-W-n\p Imc-Ww, Imcy-ns Imcyw,
Im-hns Imhv km[-\-ns km[-
\w, km[y-ns km[yw Fsmw ]d-bp-
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
- b m ImWp- p- s - nepw A- \ pw,
tIp-p-s-nepw _[n-c-\pw, Adn-bp-p-
s-nepw aqV-\p-am-Wv. In\p Ipw, hnf-
n\p hnf-pw, kqcy\p kqcy\pw Dm-Iptam?
GXn \nv Hcp hkvXp Dm-Ip-thm AXp
Imc- W w. GsXmv Dm- I p- pthm AXp
Imcyw. Imc-Ws Imcy-cq-]-am-p-bm-fns\
Im-shp ]d-bp-p.
\mktXm hnZytX `mthm \m`mthm
hnZytX kXx D`-tbm-c]n ZrjvtSm--kvXz-\-
tbm-kvXz Zcvin`nx (`-K-h-XvKo-X. 2. 16)
Ak- m- b - - C - m- ]ZmY- ns
`mhhpw (D-) km-b-Xns A`m-hhpw (C-
m- b v a ) Hcn- epw Dm- I p- - X - . CXp
cpw 15 Xz-Zin-I \nW-bn-n-p-v.
]-]m-Xn-If - pw, Zpcm-{K-ln-If
- pw, Zpcm-flm-f- pw,
A-cp-amb a\p-jyv Cu hnjbw Fs\
thKw {Kln-m-\mIpw? hnZym-`ym-khpw kw-
Khpw sNbvXv, icn-bmbn Imcy- Btem-Nn-
m--bm kZm hn{`-a-ns he-bnsp
InS- p- I - t b- b p- q. Fm hnZy- I - f p- s Sbpw
knm-- Adn-bm {ian-p-Ibpw Adn-
bp-Ibpw Adnv Im]-Sy-an-msX A\yv
]d-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-h - c
- t{X [\y.
AXn-\m Imc-W-an-m--XmWv krjvSn-sbv
[cn-p--h\v Hpw Adn-p-Iq-Sm.
krjvSn-bpsS cN\
krjvSn-bpsS ka-b-am-Ip-tm Cuiz-c
AXy-k - q-va] - Z- mY-sf Hp-Iq-p-p. B
{]Y-am-h--bn ]c-a-kq-va-amb {]Ir-Xn-cq-
]-Im-c-W-n \np kzev]w qe-ambn
Dm-Ip ]ZmY-amWv al--zw. AXn
\nv Dm-Ip Iptd-qSn qe-am-bXv Al-
m-chpw Al-m-c-n \nv Aev]w IqSn
qehpw `n-`n---fmb Av kqva `qX-
-fpw, sNhn, Xzv, Iv, \mv, aqv Fo
Ap mt\- { n- b - fpw hmv , ]mWn,
]mZw, ]mbp, D]w Fo Ap Ita-{n-
b-fpw ]Xn-s\m-m-a-t-Xmb a\pw Dm-
Ip-p. B ]-Xm-{X-I-fn \nv At\Iw
qem-h--I-sf-{]m-]n-v, {Ia-n \app
{]Xy--hn-j-b--fm-Ip Ap qe-`q-X-
15 Xz- Z in ]c- a m- W p, {]IrXn Fn- h sb
kmmXvI-cn--bm
164
 Fmw kap-mkw
Dm-Ip-p. Ah-bn \nv At\-I-hn-
[-n-ep hr-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw Ah-bn \nv
A-hpw, A-n \nv hocyhpw hocy-
n \nv ico-chpw Dm-Ip-p.- Fm
BZys krjvSn ssaYp-\-^-e-a-. Fs-
m Cuiz-c kv{Xo-]p-cp-j-m-cpsS ico-c-
sf \nan-v, Poh-kw-tbm-K-ap-m-n-b-Xn\p
tijta ssaYp-\-^-e-amb krjvSn Dm-Ip-p-
q. ImWp-tm hnZzm-mp-IqSn B-cy-
P-\I- a
- mb hn[-n F{X m\-]qh-Ia - mb
krjvSn-bmWv a\p-jy-i-co-c-sap t\mp-I.
A`m-K-n An-Iq-Sw, \mUn-I-fpsS
_-\w, amwkw-sIm-p s]mXn-b, N-
aw-sIm-p Bh-c-Ww. ol, bIr-v,
izmk-tImiw apX-em-b-h-bpsS m]\w Poh-
kw-tbm-P\w inc-m-Ip aqe-ns \nm-
Ww, tcmaw \Jw apX-em-b-h-bpsS m]\w
\\p--\qt]mse AXy--kq-va--fmb
Rc-p-I-sf-sm-p t\{X-\namWw, C{n-
b-amK--fpsS \nth-i-\w, Pm{K-z-]v\-kp-jp-
]vXn-I-fm-Ip Ah--Isf Poh\v A\p-`-hn-
p--Xn-\p m\-hn-ti-j--fpsS \nam-
Ww, kI-e-[m-Xp--fp-tSbpw hn`m-Ko-I-c-Ww,
Ch-bpsS Iem-Iu-ie ]qh-amb m]\w
apX-emb Ap-X-krjvSn sNm Cuiz-c-\-
msX amp Ignbpw? IqSmsX hnhn[ cXv\-
-tfmSpw [mXp--tfmSpw IqSnb `qan-bpsS
krjvSn. hS-hrw XpSn At\Iw ac-f - psS
hnp-I-fn-ep AXn-kq-va-amb cN-\m-hn-ti-
j-. ], shfp-v, Nph-v, Idpv, Nn{X-
hWw apX-emb G-p-d-hp \nd--tfm-Sp-
Iq-Snb Ce-I, ]q, ImbvI-\n-I, Ing-p-
I, Fn-hbpsS \nam-Ww, a[p-cw, ehWw,
Fcn, Nhv, Ibv]v, ]pfn apX-emb hnhn-[-c-
ktfm-Spw, hnhn-[-kp-K---tfmSpw IqSnb
Ce-I, ]q, ImbvI-\n-I, Ing-p-I,
thcp-I apX-em-b-h-bpsS krjvSn kqcy,
N{, `qan apX-emb At\-I-tImSn temI--
fpsS \nam-Ww, [mc-Ww, {`a-Ww, \nb-{Ww
apX-emb {]hr-n-I \S-p-hm Cuiz-c-\-
msX ampw Bhp-I-bn-.
Hcp hkvXp-hns\ Im cp-Xcw m\-
ap-m-Ipw. AXns cq]-m-\-hpw, \namWw
Iv \nam-Xm-hn-s\--n-bp m\-hpw.
Imn \nv Hcp-h\v kzWm-`-cWw Inp-p.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
AXp kzWw sImp-m--n-b-XmsWpw,
_pn-am-\mb kz--Wn-m-c Dm-n-b-
Xm- s Wpw Abmv a\- n- e m- I p- p.
Cs\ \m\m-X-c-n-ep Cu krjvSn-bn
ImWp hnhn[ cN-\m-hn-ti-j- AXns
\nam-Xm-hmb Cuiz-cs AkvXnXzw kaYn-
p-p.
a\p-tjym-X]
v n Ftm Fs\ ?
tNmZyw: a\pjys krjvSntbm ]rYn-hym-
Zn-I-fpsS krjvSntbm BZyw Dm-bXv ?
Dcw: ]rYn-hym-Zn-I-fp-sS. Fs-m,
]rYn- h ym- Z n- I IqSmsX a\p- j ys \ne-
\npw kwc--Whpw \S-p-I-bn-.
tNmZyw : krjvSn-bpsS Bcw-`-n Hcp
a\p-jyt\m At\Iw a\p-jytcm Dm-bXv?
Dcw :- At\Iw a\p-jy. Fs-m,
G-tXXp Pohm-flm--fpsS Ia- Cuiz-c-
kr-jvSn-bn P\n-p-hm Al--fm-nbn-cn-
p-pthm Ahv krjvSn-bpsS XpS- - n
Cuiz-c Pw \evIn. "" a\pjym Ej-b--
tb.'' 16 "" XtXm a\pjymA-Pm-b-'' 17
F a{w bPpth-Z-nepw AXns {_m-
W-nepw D-Xm-Wv. Cu {]am-W-m BZn-
bn At\Iw At\-Im-bncw a\p-jy P\n-
p-shp \nW-bn-mw. a\p-jy AkwJyw
amXm-]n-Xm--m-cpsS km-\--fm-sWp
krjvSn-I-m hy-am-Ip-p-ap-v.
tNmZyw: krjv S n- b psS Bcw- ` - n
_meyw buh\w hmIyw Fo Ah--
I-fn GXn-emWv a\p-jycpw ap Pohn-Ifpw
Dm- b Xv ? AtXm aq- h - - I - f n- e p- a p-
mtbm?
Dcw:-bu-h\mhbn. Fsm
Ippfmbm Ahsc ]cn-]m-en-p--Xn\v
thsd Bfp-I thWw. hrm-h--bn-ep-m-
bm ssaYp\o krjvSn Dm-hn-. AXn-\m
sbuh\m-h--bn krjvSn Dm-bn.
{]hm-l-n A\mZn
tNmZyw : krjv S nv Bcw`w Dtm
Ctbm?
16 bPq: 31.9 km[ym-E-j-b-tb F ]mTw F-
s\tbm sXp kw`-hn--Xm-Wv.
17 iX-]Yw 14.4.2.5
165
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw : C. ]I-en\p tijw cm{Xnbpw
cm{Xnbv p app ]Iepw As\ ]I-
en\ptijw cm{Xnbpw cm{Xn-p-tijw ]Iepw
Cs\ {Ia- n \S- p- s Im- n- c n- p- -
hw krjvSn-p-app {]f-bhpw {]f-b-n\p
app krjvSnbpw krjvSn-bpsS A\-cw {]f-
bhpw {]f- b m- \ - cw krjv S nbpw Cs\
A\mZn Imew apX Cu N{Iw Xncnp
sImn-cn-p-p. CXn\v BZntbm Atam
C. Fm ]I-en\pw cm{Xnpw Bcw-`m-h-
km- \ - D- X p- t ]mse krjv S n- { ]- f - b -
pw BZnbpw Ah-km-\hpw Dv. Fs-
m ]c-am-flm-hv, Pohm-flmhv PK-ns
ImcWw Fnh aqpw kz`m-th\ A\m-Zn-I-
fm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse PK-ns D]n
nXn-e-b-fpw {]hm-l-m A\m-Zn-bm-Wv.
\Zn-bpsS {]hmlw Nne-tm Dv. Nne-tm
hn ImWm-Xm-Ip-p. ag-m-ep hopw
ImWm-dm-Ip-p, th\-evm-ev ImWp-n-.
AXp-t]mse CsXmw {]hm-l-cq-]--fm-Wv.
Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h- A\m-Zn-bm-
bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse krjvSn-n-Xn-kw-lm-c-
fpw A\m-Zn-If - m-Ip-p. Cuiz-cs KpWIa-
kz- ` m- h - v GXp hn[- n BZnbpw
Ahpw Ctbm AtX-hn-[-n At-l-
ns Ihy Ia-pw Bcw-`m-h-km-
\- C.
Phpw Iahpw
tNmZyw: Cuiz- c Nne Pohm- fl m-
p a\p-jy-P--hpw, thsd Nne Pohm-
flm-p knwlw apX-emb {Iqc-ar-K--
fpsS P-hpw, ap-Nn-e-Xn\p am, ]ip apX-
emb arK--fpsS P-hpw, ]pgp, ]m, acw
apX-em-bm-hb
- psS Phpw sImSp-n-cn-p-p.
CXp \nanw ]c- t a- i z- c \p ]- ] mXw
Dsp hcp-nt?
Dcw: ]-]mXw hcp-n-. Fs-m,
AXmXp Pohm- fl m- ]q- P - - n
sNbvXn-p Ia-sf A\p-k-cnp hyh
sNp--Xp-sImp ]-]mXw Dm-Ip--X-
18 lna-h-n-c-{]-tZi Gh kzK-`qancnXn -{]-knnx (km-
bW `mjyw 19. 39.8) lna-hms Hu-Xy-f - nse tZi-
-fmWv kzK-`qan Fp {]kn-am-bn-p-Xv). \nL-
p--fn kzKhpw {Xnhn-jvS-]hpw ]cym-b-]-Z--fm-
Wv. (A-ac
- t- Imiw kzhKw-6)
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
. bmsXmcp Iahpw IqSmsX Pw \Ip--
Xm-bm am{Xta ]-]mXw Dm-hp-I-bp-q.
krjvSn Sn_-n
tNmZyw: a\p-jy-cpsS BZys krjvSn
Dm-bXv Fhn-sS-bmWv?
Dcw: ""Sn_v'' Fp ]dp hcp
{XnhnjvS-]-n 18
tNmZyw: krjvSn-bpsS BZn-Im-ev Hcp
PmXntbm At\Iw PmXn-Itfm Dm-bn-cp-
Xv?
Dcw: a\p-jy-PmXn Hp-am-{Xta Dm-
bn-cp-p-q. ]noSv ""hnPm-\o-lym-cym tb
N Zkyhx'' 19 F EtKz-Z-h-N-\-a-\p-k-cn-v,
t{ijvT-m-cm-bn-p--hv Bcy, hnZzm
tZh Fpw ZpjvS-mv Zkyp--I---
aqJ Fpw t]cp-I Dm-bn. AXp-\n-
anw Bcy Fpw Zkyp Fpw cp-\m-a-
\S-n hp. "DX iqt{Z DXmtcy' 20
FXp AYh- t h- Z - n- e p hN- \ - a m- W v .
Bcy-m-cpsS CS-bn Xs app ]d--co-
Xn- bn, {_m- W {Xn- b sshiy,
iq{Z Fn-s\ \mep hn`m-K- Dm-bn.
hnZzm-mcpw ZznP-m-cp-am-bn-p-h
- v Bcy-m
Fpw ]Tn-n-m--hv iq{Z-m As-n
A\m-cy-m Fpw t]cp-m-bn.
Bcy-m `mc-X-n
tNmZyw: ]noSv Ah F-s\-bmWv
ChnsS hs-n-bXv?
Dcw: Bcy-mcpw Zkyp-fpw Xn
tZh-m Fp ]d-b-s-n-cp hnZzm-mcpw
Akp-c-m Fp ]d-b-s-n-cp aqV-mcpw
Xn kZm a-chpw Ie-lhpw hfp
hp. D]-{Zhw hn-p. Atm Bcy-m
`qtKm-f-n-ep kI-e-{]-tZ-i--fnepw shv
Cu `mK- a mWv Ghpw \Xv F- d nv
ChnsS hp ]mp. As\ Cu tZi-
n\p Bcym-hw Fp t] Dm-bn.
tNmZyw: Bcym-h-ns AXnn
GsX-m-amWv?
19 E 1.51.8
20 AYh-thZw 19.62.1
21 Cm-ev a\p-kvar-Xn-I-fn {_m-hw Fp-
]mTw
166
 Fmw kap-mkw
Dcw: 1. Bk-ap-{Zmp ssh ]qcvhm-Zm-
k-ap-{Zmp ]namXv Xtbm-ch - m-cw Kntcym-
cm-cym-hcvw hnZpcv _p[mx (a-\p. 2. 22)
2. kc-kzXoZrj-Zz-tXymcvtZ-h-\-tZym-cy-Z-
cw Xw tZh-\ncvanXw tZi-am-cym-hw 21
{]N tX. (a-\p. 2. 17)
1. hSp lnam- e - b - ] cv - X hpw sXp
hnym-Ne - hpw Ingpw ]Sn-mdpw kap-{Zhpw
BIp-p.
2. ]Sn-m-dp-`m-Kv kc-kz-Xn-bpw AXm-
b-Xv, knp \Znbpw AS-I-\-K-c-hpw 22Ing-p-
`m-Kv Zrj-Zz-Xn-bpw AXm-b-Xv, t\m-fn\p
Ing- p ]h- X - - f n \np ]pd- s v ChnsS ImS-m-cmWv ]mn-cp--Xv. Ahsc
_m Bmw Fo tZi--fpsS Ing-p-`m-
K-p-Iq-Snbpw, _a-bpsS ]Sn-m-dp-`m-K-p-
Iq-Snbpw {]h-lnv sXt-k-ap-{Z-n hogp--
Xpw--B-cym-h-ns AXn-cp-I-fm-Ip-p.
lnahm hnyw Fo ]h-X--fpsS a[y-
`m-K-n-ep-Xpw sXtmp cmta-izcw hsc
hnym-N-e-n-\p-n 23\op InS-p--Xp-
amb \mSp-ap-gp-h\pw Bcym-hw Fp ]d-
b-s-Sp-p. Imc-Ww, AXv Bcy-m tZh-m
AYhm hnZzm-m \nan-Xpw hkn-p--Xp-
am-bn-cp-p.
tNmZyw: BZy-Im-ev Cu tZi-ns
t] Fm-bn-cpp? ChnsS BcmWp hkn-
22 dmh]n-np Ing-p ASI \K-c-am-IWw
23 hnym-New D-c--Z-nW `mc-X-sf thXn-cn-p-
m-Xm-bm-Wv. Cm-es hnizm-kw. hmkvX-h-n
CXv ]q ]na ]hX L--fpsS t]cm-Wv. Xn-
an--amWv {K-Im-c cmta-izcw hsc Fp Fgp-Xn-
b-Xv. hmevao-In-cm-am-bWw InjvI-m-Im-WvU-n
60-mw kK-n CXns\ Zn-Wk - a
- p-{Z-Xo-c- n-ep
]h-X-sap ]d-n-p-v. ""lrjvS ]n KWm-Io
cvWx Itm-Zcm IqShm; Zn-W-tkymZt[x Xotc
hntymf ban-Xn-\n-nXx (7) ""{]k--cmb ]n-I-
fpsS Iq-m \nd-Xpw I-aq-em-Zn-I \nd--
sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-If
- p-Xpw ZnW kap-{Z-Xo-c - p-X - p-amWv
hnym-New''. hcm-la - n-lns _rl-w-ln-Xb - n ""_Z-
co-\mYw apX tkXp-_w (cm-ta-iz-cw) hsc Bbn-
cw-tbm-P\ - bpw ZzmcI apX ]pcp-tjm-a kme-{Kmaw
(]p-cn) hsc Fgp-\q-dp-tbm-P-\bpw Dv. AXn ssch-
X-Iw, hny, kly, Ipam-cw, ae-b{io Fo Ipe-
]h-X-fpw KwKm, kc-kz-Xn, Imfn-n, tKmZm-h-cn,
Imth-cn, Xm{a-]m-a-Wn, IrX-ame Fo Ipe-\-Zn-Ifpw
Dv. (79&80) Fp ]d-n-cn-p--Xn \nv Bcym-
h-ns AXncv GsX-m-sa-q-ln-mw.
24. Cdm
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n-cp-Xv?
Dcw: AXn- \ p- a pv Cu tZi- n\p
bmsXmcp t]cpw Dm-bn-cp-n-. Bcy-m
hcp--Xn-\p-apv ChnsS Bcpw hkn-n-cp-n-
. Fs-m Bcy-m krjvSn-p-tijw
A[n- I - I mew Ign- b p- - X n\p apv Sn_-
n\np t\cnv Chn-tSv hv ]mp-I-bm-
Wp-m-b-Xv.
Bcy--Zkyq bpw
tNmZyw: Ah Cucm-\n 24\np h-
Xp-sIm-mWv Ahp Bcy-m Fp
t] Dm- b - X v . Ah hcp- - X n\p apv
Akp-c - m, cm-k - m Fsmw hnfn-p-
Ibpw X tZh-m-cm-sWp ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cp-p. Ah Xn-ep-mb bp--
fmWp tZhm-kp-c-bp-- Fp IY-I-fn
]d-bp--Xv.
Dcw: s]cp---am-Wn-Xv. Fs-m
hnPm-\o-lymcymt\y N Zkythm _ln
jva tX cbm imk-Z-{h-Xm (E.1.51.8.)
DX iqt{Z DXmtcy (AYh. 19. 62. 1)
[manIcpw hnZzm- mcpw kXy- h m- Z n- I - f p-
ambP\-sf Bcy-m-scpw Am--hsc
Zkyp AYhm ZpjvS, A[manI, Ahn-Zzm
Fpw ]d-p-htm? AXp-t]mse {_m-
W, {Xn-b, sshiy Fn-hv Bcy-
mscpw iq{Z-mv A\m-cy-m-sc-pw ]Tn-
n-m--h-sc-pw t]cm-sWpw ]d-n-p-
v. thZw Cs\ ]d-bp-tm Bcm\pw
sIn--a-bvp-Xv _pn-am-mv kzoIm-cy-a-
. Bcymh-\n-hm-kn-If - mb Ap-\ Zi-
c-Y-a-lm-cm-Pmhv apX-em-b-h lnam-eb ]h-
X-n hp \S-n-p tZhm-kp-c-bp---
fn--B-cy-mcpw Zkyp-fpw Xn-ep-mb
bp--fn tZh-msc AXm-bXp Bcy-msc
cn- p- h m\pw Akp- c - msc tXmev ] n- p-
hm\pw tZh-mp klmbw sNbvXn-p-v.
CXn \np knn- p- Xv Bcym- h -
ns \mep- ` m- K- pw- - l n- a - h ms Ing- v ,
sXv, ]Sn-m-dv, hSv Fo \mep Znp-I-
fnepw An, \ncr-Xn, hmbp, Cuim\ Fo
\mep tImWp- I - f nepw a\p- j y hkn- n- c p-
spw Ahv Akp-c-m Fp t]cm-bn-
cpp Fp-am-Wv. lnam-e-b-]-X-{]-tZ-i-n-
167
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
ep--h Bcy-msc A{I-an-n-cp ka-b-
smw Bcym-h-nse cmPm--mcpw
alm-cm-Pm--mcpw D-cmZn Znp-I-fn-tev
Bcy-msc klm-bn-p-hm t]mhpI ]Xn-hm-
bn-cp-p. Zn-W-tZ-i-n shp {iocm-a-\p-
ambn cmh-W \S-n-bn-p- bp-np
tZhm-kp-c-bp--sap t] ]d-bm-dn AXns\
cma-cm-hW bpw As-n Bcy-mcpw cm-
k-mcpw Xn-ep-mb bpw FmWp ]d-
bm- d p- - X v . Bcy- m Cucm tZi- n
\nmWp h-sXpw Ah Cu \mnse ImS-
m-tcmSp bpw sNbvXv Ahsc tXmev]nv
Cu \mnse cmPm--m-cm-bn-op-shpw
GsX-n-ep-samcp kwkvIrX {K-ntem
CXn-lm-k-ntem Fgp-Xn-m-Wp-n-. ]ns
Fs\ hntZ-io-b ]d-bp--Xns\ hne-sh-
bvp-hm Ignbpw? IqSm-sXt-hm-N-m-cy-
hmNx kcvhtX Zky-hx-kvarXmx (a-\p. 10. 85)
t-tZ-i-kvXzXx ]cx (a-\p. 2. 23)
Bcym-h-sam-gn-sI-bp tZi- Zkyp-
tZ-i-sfpw t-tZ-i--sfpw ]d-b-s-Sp-
p. Bcym-h-sam-gnsI Ing-v, Cuim-\t- Im-
Wv, hS-v, hmbp-tIm-Wv, ]Sn-mdv Fo tZi-
-fn hkn-p-hp Zkyp-, t-m,
Akp-c-m, FmWp t]scpw \ncr-Xn-tIm-
Wv, sXv, An-tImWv Fo Znp-I-fn
]mp- - h p cm- k - m- s c- mWp
t]scpw knn-p-p. Cm-epw \ot{Km-
Pm-Xn-m-cpsS BIr-Xn, cm-k-m-sc-mWp
t]scpw knn-p-p. Cm-epw \ot{Km-
Pm- X n- m- c psS BIr- X n, cm- k - m- s c- n
hWn-p-Xp t]mse `b--c-ambn ImW-s-
Sp-Xp t\mp-I.
Bcym-h-ns At[m-`m-K-n-ep
tZi-n\p ]mXm-f-sapw AhnsS hkn-p
P\-p \mK-m-scpw t] ]d-bp-hm-\p
ImcWw B tZiw Bcym-h-\n-hm-kn-I-fpsS
]mZ-X-e-n nXn sNp-p-sh-Xpw B
tZi-nse cmPmhp \mK-hw-i-n--\m-K
Fp t]cmb Bfns hwi-n P\n--h-
\m-sW-Xpw BIp-p. B \mK-cm-Pm-hns
]p{Xn-bmb Deq-]nsb Ap-\\ - mWv hnhmlw
sNbvX-Xv. Czm-Ip-hns Imew apX Iuc-
h-m ]mWvU-h-m Fn-h-cpsS Imew hsc
Bcy-m-cpsS cmPy-`-c-W-n\pw thZm-[y-b-\-
n\pw Bcym-h-n am{X-a-, `qan-bn-
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
sepw Aev]mev]w {]Nmcw Dm-bn-cpp
FYw. CXn\p {]am-W-ambn IW-m-m-
hp Imcy-an-Xm-Wv.: {_m-hns ]p{X
hncm-v, hncm-ns ]p{X a\p, a\p-hns
a acoNn apX-emb ]p-t] Ah-cpsS
a, kzbw-`q-h XpSnb Ggp-cm-Pm--
m, Ah-cpsS km-\--fmb CzmIp
apX-emb cmPm--m Ch-sc-m-amWv Bcym-
hs \nan-Xpw Bcym-h-nse
BZys cmPm--m-cm-bn-cp--Xpw.
ASn-a--n\p ImcWw
Ctm \n`m-Kyw-sImpw `mc-Xo-b-cpsS
aSn, A{i-, At\ym\y hntcm[w Fn-h-
sImpw Bcy-m-cpsS AJWvUhpw kzX-
{hpw kzm[o-\hpw \n`-bh - p-am-bn-p cmPy`-
cWw Bcym-h-n Xs Hcn-S-p-an-.
ap cmPy- `cn- p- - X ns IY
]nsp ]d-bm! Bcym-h-n Bcy-
m-cpsS \mSp-hmgvN Aev]-sa-n-ep-ap-s-nepw
AXpw hntZ-iob B{I-a-W-n\p hnt[-b-am-
Ip-p. kzX-{-cmb cmPm--m hfsc Ipd-
p-t]-tc-bp-q. ZpZn-\- hcp-tm P\-
v At\-I-hn-[-n-ep ZpxJ- A\p-
`-hn-tn hcp-p.
B F{X hfsc \ sNbvXmepw icn,
kztZ-iob `cWw Xs-bmWv \mnv Ghpw
\-Xv. adnv ]d-m aX-a-Xm--c--fm-{K-ln-
msX Ah-\-h-stbm A\y-cp-sStbm Imcy-
fn ]-t`Zw ImWn-msX {]P-I-fpsS
t\sc amXm-]n-Xm--m-sc-tmse s]cp-am-dn-
smv Zb, \ymbw Fn-h-tbm-Sp-IqSn \S-
p cmPy-`-cWw t]mepw hntZ-io-b-cp-tS-Xm-
sW-n ]qW-kp-J-{]-Z-a-. `n `mj-I,
shtsd ]T-\-co-Xn-I, hyXy-kvX-fmb
s]cp-am-- Fn-h-bp-ep hntcm-[s
Zqsc XyPn-p-Xv hfsc ZpjvI-c-am-Wv. AXp
]cn-Xy-Pn-m ]w ]c-kv]cw ]qW D]-
Im-chpw A`n-{]mb sFIyhpw Dm-hm hfsc
hnj-aa- m-W.v AXn-\m thZm-Zn-im-k{v X-f - n-ep
hyh-I - t- fbpw Ncn-{X-]m-T- t- fbpw BZ-cn-p-
Xv k-\ - f- psS I-hy-am-Ip-p.
krjvSn-Imew
168
 Fmw kap-mkw
tNmZyw: PK-ns DXv]-n-p-tijw
F{X-Imew Ignp?
Dcw: \qn-sXm-qmdp tImSn, Ipsd
ew, Ipsd Bbncw kwh--c--fmWv PK-
ns\ krjvSn-p-Ibpw thZ-sf {]Im-in-
n-p-I-bpw sNbvX-Xn\p tijw Ign-n-p--
Xv. Cu hnj-b-s-n Rm cNn-n-p `qan-
I-bn 25 Fgp-Xnbnp-Xp t\mn-bm-epw.
krjvSnbpw krjvSn-bpsS Dm-Iepw C-s\-
sb-m-am-Wv. IqSmsX Fm-nepw hv Ghpw
kqva-am-b-Xn\v Ahn-`m-Py-am-b-Xn-\v ]c-
amWp Fp t]. Adp-]Xp ]c-am-Wp-
Hn- p- I q- S n- t - X n\v AWp Fpw
cWp- IqSn-b-Xn\v ZzyWpIw AYhm
qe-hmbp Fpw t]cm-Wv. aqp ZzyWpIw
IqSn- t - X n\v An, \mep ZzyWpIw
tN-Xn\v Pew, Ap ZzyWpIw tN-
Xn\v ]rYnhn Fpw t]cm-Wv. cp ZzyWpIw
IqSn-tm Hcp {Xk-tc-Wp-hpw, cp
{Xk-tcWp IqSn-tm ]rYn-hym-Zn-I-fmb
Zriy-]-ZmY-fpw DmIpw FYw. C{]-
Imcw ]c- a m- W zm- Z n- I sf {Ia- n Iqn-
tv Cuiz-c `qtKm-fm-Zn-Isf \nan-n-
cn-p-p.
khpw Imfbpw
tNmZyw: CXns\ [cn-p-sImncnp-Xv
BcmWv? tijs AXm-bXv Bbncw ^W-
-fp k-ns inc-n-emWv Cu `qan
nXn- s N- p- Xv Fv Hcp- h \pw, Ej- ` -
ns sImn-t-em-sWv CX-c\pw, Hn-
t-ep-a-sv A]-c\pw, hm-bp-hns\ B{i-
bnp \nevp-sv C\n-sbm-cp-h\pw ]d-bp-
p. kqcys BIj- W - i - n- s Imp
BIr- j vS- a mbn kzm- \ - p- X s
\nevpp FmWv asm-cp-h ]d-bp--Xv.
`qan L\-ta-dn-b-Xm-I-bm BIm-i-n
At[m-`m-K- ntev ]Xn-p-sIm-n-cn-pp
Fv C\n-bp-sam-cm A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p.
CXn-te-XmWp kXyw?
Dcw: k- c m- P - \ mb tijs inc-
ntem Imf-bpsS sImntem BWp `qan
nXn-sN-p-Xv Fp ]d-bp-h - t- \mSv k-
25. ae-bm-f-n thZ-]-cy-S\w, thtZm-Xv]n F
A[ymbw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n-ttbm Imf-bp-tStbm amXm-]n-Xm--m
P\n-p ka-bp `qan FhnsS Bbn-cpp?
kw, Imf apX-em-bh Fn-t-emWp nXn-
sN-p-Xv? Fp tNmZn--Ww. hrj-`-ns
apI-fn-emWp `qan Ccn-p--sXp ]d-bp
apkam-m au\w ssI sImp-I-tb-bp-q.
Fm k- ns apI- f n- e m- s Wp
]dbp-h kw Ba-bpsS ]pd-m-sW-pw,
Ba sh-n-em-sW-pw, shw An-bpsS
D]-cn-`m-KmsWpw, An hmbp-hns apI-
fn-em-sW-pw, hmbp BIm-i-ns apI-fn-em-
sWpw ]d-t-pw. Ah-tcmSv ""Ch-sbmw
Fhn-sS-bm-Wn-cn-p-Xv?'' Fp tNmZn-W - w.
Ah ""Cuiz-c-\n-emW''v Fp-cw ]d-bpw.
tij\pw hrj-`\pw BcpsS a-fm-sWp
Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-m ""Iiy-]-tbpw I{Zp-
hn-sbpw ]p{X-\mWv tij-s\pw ]ip-
hns Ipn-bmWp Imf'' Fpw ]d-bpw. Iiy-
] aco-Nn-bp-sS-bpw, acoNn a\p-hn-s-bpw, a\p
hncm-n-s-bpw, hncmv {_m-hn-sbpw ]p{X-
m-cm-Ip-p. {_mhv BZn-kr-jvSn-bn-ep--h-
\m-Wv. tij P\n-p-X - n\p apv Ap Xe-
apd Ign-n-p-t- m. Am-ev `qansb Bcv
[cn-p-sIm-n-cpp? Iiy-]s P\-\k - a
- b
- p
`qan Fn-t-em-bn-cpp? Cs\ tNmZn-m
Ahpw Dcw appw. Ie-ln-m hcpw.
icnbmb knmw CXmWv: tijn-n-cn-p-
-Xn-s\-bmWv tijw Fp ]d-bp---Xv. AXp-
sImv GtXm Hcp-I-hn-- ti-jm-[m-cm-]rYn
hoXyp-a - v. tij-\m-Ip B{i-bt- m-Sp-Iq-Sn-
b-XmWp `qan Fp ]d-n-p-.v AXns Imcy-
a-dn-bmsX ks shdpsX kev]w sImp
krjvSn-p. Fm, hmkvXh - - n DXv]n
{]f-b - f- n \np tijn-h - \- mbn thsd-bmbn
Ccn-p-Xp \nanw Cuiz-cs\ Xs-bmWp
tij-s\p ]d-bp-Xv Cuiz-c\ - m-Ip B[m-c-
tmSp IqSn-bX - mWv Cu ]rYn-hn.
ktXy-t\m--`nXm `qanx (10. 85.1) EtKz-Z-
n-ep kqn-bm-Wn-Xv. kXy-kz-cq-]-\mb
Ime-{X-b-m _m[n--s-Sm Hcn-epw
\mi-an-m Cuiz-c-\mWv Cu `qan-tbbpw
BZn-Xy-t\bpw kI-e-tem-I--tfbpw [cn-p-
26 Dm k Zymhm ]rYnhn _n`Xn Fv EtKz-Zo-b-
]m-Tw. A\-Uzm Zm[mc ]rYnhoapX-Zymav
Fv AYh-n
169
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
-Xv.
DmZm[mc ]rXn- h o- a pXZymav (10. 85.
1) 26 CXpw EtKz-Z-n-ep hN-\-am-Wv. Cu
Dm In-mhmw Imf Fp IqSn AY-ap-
-Xp-sImv Imf `qansb Xmp-sv k-
ev ] n- - X v . Fm `qtKm- f s [mcWw
sNm Imfbvp Ign-hptm Fv B aqV
Nnn-n-. Dm FXv ag-s]bvXp `qan apgp-
h\pw \\-bvp kqcys t]cm-Wv. kqcy-
\mWp Xs BIj- W - i - n- s Imp
`qansb [cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. Fm
kqcym-Zn-It- fbpw [cn-p in Cuiz-\-
m-Xm-cp-a - .
kth-iz-c [mc-I
tNmZyw: C{X hfsc henb `qtKm- f -
sbpw apw [cn-m Cuiz-c Fs\
i-\mbn?
Dcw: A\--amb BIm-i-n `qan
apXemb henb temI, kap-{Z-n Pe-
I-W-sa--t]mse Xosc sNdp-Xm-Wv. Af-h
in-bp Cuiz-cs apn F-a temI-
Fmw IqSn Iqn-bm t]mepw Hcp ]c-
am-Wp-hn\p Xpey-am-hn-. Atlw AIpw
]pdpw Fm-bnSpw hym]n-n-cn-p-p.
""hn`px {]Pmkp'' FXp bPqth-Z-n-ep
hN-\-am-Ip-p. (32. 8) B Cuiz-c {]P-I-fn-
semw \nd-n-cpv Fm-n-s\bpw [cn-p-sIm-
n-cn-p-p. {InkvXym-\n-I, apkamam,
]ucm- W n- I Fn- h ]d- b p- - X p- t ]mse
kh-hym-]n-b Cuiz-c-s\-n Cm-Wm-b
krjv S n apgp- h \pw [cn- p- s Im- n- c n- m
Atlw Hcn-epw i-\-. Fs-m
In Cm Hcp hkvXp-hn-s\bpw Bpw
[cn-p-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. ""At\ym-\y-ap
BIj- W - i - n- s Im- m- b n- c nmw Cu
temI--sfmw \ne-\n-evp-Xv ]ns-n-
\mWv Cuiz- c [cn- p- s Im- n- c n- p- -
sXpw'' Bsc-nepw ]d-t-mw. Ahp-
- c - a n- X mWv : ""Cu krjv S n A\- tam
kmtam? A\--am-bn-cn-m Xc-an-. Fs-
m BIr-Xn-bp hkvXp Hcn-epw A\-
-am-bn-cn-n-. kmamsWp]d-mtem?
temI-f - psS AXnn-bn thsdmcp temIw
27. kZm-[c ]rYn-how-Kym-ap-tX-amav Fp ]mTw
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
Cm Znn GXns BIjWw
sImmWv Ah-bpsS [mcWw kw`-hn-p-
Xv? At\Iw hr--fpsS Iqs h\w
F i_v Z w- s Imv hnh- n- p- - X n\v
kajvSnsbpw Hmtcm hr- s bpw
shtsd KWn-p--Xn\p hyjvSn Fpw ]d-
bp-p. `qan XpS-nb kI-e-tem-I--tfbpw
ka-jvSn-bm-bn-mWv PKv Fv ]d-bp--sX-
n B k-a-jvSn-bmb PK-ns BIj-
Whpw [mc-Whpw {kjvv-Sm-hmb ]c-ta-iz-\-
msX ampw Bhp-I-bn-. PK-ns cN-
bn-Xmhv Ah Xs. k Zm-[mc ]rYnhow
apX-Zymav (13-4) 27
bPqth-Z-n-ep hN-\-am-Wn-Xv. {]Im-i-
c-ln-X--fmb ]rYn-hym-Zn-tem-I--tfbpw ap
]ZmY-sfbpw kzbw {]Im-i-apff kqcym-Zn-
tem-I- CXc-h-kvXp- Fn-h-tbbpw
krjv S n- p- I bpw [cn- p- I bpw sNp- Xp
Cuiz- c - \ m- I p- p. kh- h ym- ] n- b mb Ah
Xs- bmWp kI- e - P - K - n- sbpw krjv S n-
Im-hv, AhX-s-bmWp PK-ns\ apgp-
h [cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
`qan-bpsS {`a-Ww
tNmZyw: `qanbpw ap temI-fpw Id-p-
pthm nc-ambn \nevp-pthm?
Dcw: Id-n-sm-n-cn-p-p.
tNmZyw: kqcy Xncn-bp-p. `qan Xncn-bp-
n Fp Nne. `qan-bmWp Xncn-bp--Xv,
kqcy Xncn-bp-n Fp thsd Nne.
GXmWv kXyw?
Dcw: cpw ]IpXn Ak- X y- a m- W v .
Fs-m, thZ-n ]dnpXv C{]-
Im-c-am-Ipp: Bbw Kux ]riv\n-c-{I-ao-Z-
kZm-Xcw ]pcx ]nXcw N {]bzx (b-
Pp. 3. 6) Cu `qtKmfw Pe-tm-Sp-IqSn kqcys
Nppw Id- n- s m- n- c n- pp FmWv
CXns AYw. AXn-\m `qan-bmWv {]Zn-
Ww sNp--Xv.
B IrjvtW\ cPkm hcv-amt\m \nth-
i-b arXwacvXyw N; lnc-Wy-tb\ khnXm
ctY\m tZthm-bmXn `ph-\m\n ]iy (b-Pp.
33. 43)
hjm-Zn-I-fpsS Imhpw {]Im-i-kz-cq-
]\pw tXtPm-a-b\pw ca-Wo-b-kz-cq]nbp-amb
170
 Fmw kap-mkw
khn-Xmhv AYhm kqcy Ncm-N-c--fn-semw
Aar-X-hjw s]mgn-v Inc-Wm-arXw {]th-in-
n- v aq- a mb kIe ]ZmY- - t fbpw
ImWnv Fm temI-fp-ambn BIjW
KpW-tmSp IqSn Xs ]cn-[n-bn am{Xw
{`aWw sNp-p. kqcy at-sX-nepw temI-
n\p Nppw Xncn- b p- n- . C{]- I mcw
Hmtcmtcm kuca-WvU-e-nepw Hcp kqcy
{]Im-i-I\pw ap temI-tem-Im--c-
{]Im-iy--fp-am-Wv.
Znhn-tkmtam A[n-{inXx (A-Yh. 14. 1.1)
Cu N{-temIw kqcy-\m {]Im-in-Xa
hw `qanbpw av {Kl-fpw kqcys {]Im-
i-m-em-W t{X {]Im-in-p--Xv. Fm
cmhpw ]Iepw kZm Dv. `qanbpw ap temI-
fpw {`aWw sNp-tm kqcys t\sc
hcp hiv ]I-epw, kqcy-\n \np adhp
hcp-n-Sp cm{Xn-bp-am-Wv. DZ-bw, AkvX-a-\w,
ky, aym-w, ay-cm{Xn XpSn F{X ka-
b-t`-Z--fptm Ah-sbmw Hcn-S--s-n
asm- c n- S v kw`- h n- p- s a- w. Bcym-
h-n kqtcym-Zbw Dm-Ip-tm ]mXm-
f-n--A-ta-cn--bn kqcym-kvX-a-b-am-Wv.
Bcym-h-n kqcy AkvXa - n-p-tm
Ata-cn--bn DZ-b-am-Ipw. Bcymh-n
D-bm-Ip-tm Ata-cn--bn ]mXn-cmhpw
Bcym-h-n ]mXn-c-bm-Ip-tm Ata-
cn--bn Dbpw Bbn-cn-pw.
kqcy Id- p- s pw `qan Id- p- n-
spw ]d-bp--h A-cm-Wv. `qan {`aWw
sNbvXn-s-n kl-{km-_vZ- ]Iepw
cmhpw \op-\n-evpw. kqcys t]cp-I-fn-
semp {_[v\ 28 Fm-Wv. `qan-tb-m
At\-I-ew aSp hen--ap-Xpw `qan-bn
\nv t{Imi-tIm-Sn-I AI-se-bp-am-sW-Yw.
ISp- I n\p Nppw ]hXw Xncn- b p- - ] w
AXn\p hfsc t\cw thnh-cpw. ISp-In\p
kzbw Xncn-bp-hm hf-sc-t\cw th-Xm-\pw.
AtX hn[-n, `qan-bpsS {`a-W-m-emWv
cmhpw ]Iepw bYm- t bm- K y- a p- m- I p- - X v .
kqcy Xncn-bp--Xp-sIm--. kqcy nc-
\m-sWp ]d-bp--hv tPymXn-mkv{Xw
Adn-bp-I-bn-. kqcy Xncn-bp-n-s-n Hcp
28. Akuhm BZntXym {_[v\x (iX 13.2.6.1)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
cminbn\np asmcp cmin-bn-te-v Hcp
m\p \nv asmcp m\-t-v kw{I-
an-p-Ib- n-sp am{X-a - , L\-ap hkvXp-hn\v
{`a- W - c - l n- X - a mbn BIm- i - n Htc
m\p \nevp-hm km[y-hp-a - . ""`qan Xncn-
bp-n-, Iogvt]mp Iogvt]mp hoWp-sIm-n-
cn-p-IbmWp sNpXv. cp kqcy-mcpw
cp N{-mcpw Pw_p-Zzo]-n am{X-ta-
bp- q.'' Fp ]d- b p ssP\- a - X - mcpw
Im-hns el-cn-bn apgp-In-bn-cn-p-I-bm-
sWp tXmp-p. `qan Iogvt]mp s]mbvsm-
- m-Ipw- n-cn-p-Ib - mWp sNp-s - X-n Nppw hmbp-
a-WvUew Cm-Xmbn On-`n--am-bn-tm-Ipw.
\nav\-{]-tZ-i--fn hkn-p--hp hmbp-
hns kv]iw e`n-p-I-bn-. D]-cn-`m-K-n-
ep--hp hmbp A[nIw Inp-Ibpw sNpw.
hmbp-hns KXn kZm Hcp-t]mse Bbn-cn-p-
Ibpw sNpw. cp-kq-cy-mcpw cp N{-m-
cp-ap-s-n cm{Xnbpw IrjvW-]-hpw Dm-
hp-I-bn-. AXn-\m `qan-bpsS ASpv Hcp
N{\pw At\Iw tKmf--fpsS a[y-n Hcp
kqcy\pw am{Xta Dq.
ap-tem-I--fnepw Poh-Pm-e--fp-v.
tNmZyw: kqcy, N{ \-{X-
Fnh Fp hkvXp--fmWv? Ahbn
a\p- j yXpS- n- b p krjv S n- P m- e -
Dtm Ctbm?
Dcw: C-d tKmf--sfmw temI-
BIp-p. Ah-bn a\p-jymZn Pohn-I
hkn-p-p-v. Fs-m
GtXjp loZMv kcvhw hkp lnX-tatX
lnMv kcvhw hmk-bt XZym-ZnZwMv kcvhw
hmk-bt Xkvam Zzkh CXn. (i{X. Im.
14) 29
]rYn- h n, Pew, An, hmbp, BImiw,
N{, \-{Xw, kqcy Fn-hbvp hkp-
Fp t]cp hXv Ah-bn Fm Ncm-
N-c-fpw hkn-p--Xp-sImpw Ahsb Ah
29 iX-]Yw 14.6.9.4
30 am\-hmZn Pohn-I Cm--h-sb-nepw Ah-bpsS
hmk-n\p tlXp-hm-I-bm hkp Fp-t]-cm-bn.
hoSns taq-c-bn a\p-jy ]mp-n-s-nepw
AXpw hoSns `mK-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse, N{-\n
Pohn-I-fn-se-nepw \psS `qan-bnse hmk-n\v
N{ klm-bn-p-p.
171
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
hkn-n-p-X - p-sImpw BWv. Fm-n-sbpw
hmk-`q-an-bm-b-Xp-sIm-mWv Ahbvv hkp-
Fp t] h-Xv.30 kqcy\pw N{\pw
\-{X-fpw ]rYn-hn-sb-tmse hkp--fm-
sW-n Ah-bnepw CtX-hn-[-n Poh-Pm-
e- Dsp ]d-bp--Xn-sen\p in--
Ww. Cuiz-c-\nan-X-amb Cu sNdn-b-temIw
a\p-jymZn krjvSn-Pm-e-fm \ndncns
ap temI--sfmw iq\y--fm-bn-cn-ptam?
Cuiz-cs {]hrn-sbmpw \njv-{]-tbm-P-\-
a-. AkwJyw temI-tem-Im--c--fn a\p-
jymZn krjvSn-I-fn-s-n Ah-bpsS {]tbm-
P-\s- av? AXn-\m kI-et- em-I
- fnepw am\-
hmZn krjvSn-I Dv.
BIr-Xn-t`Zw hcmw
tNmZyw: a\p-jymZn krjv-Sn-Pm-e--fpsS
BIr-Xnbpw Ah-b-h-fpw Cu temI-n-
te-Xp-t]m-setbm? AtXm `ntam CX-c-tem-
I--fn-ep-Xv?
Dcw: Ipdv BIr-Xn-t`-Zw,hcmw. `qan-bn
Xs ssN\, B{^n-, Bcy-hw, bqtdmv
Fo {]tZ-i--fn-ep--h-cpsS BIr-Xn, Ah-
b-h-, \ndw Fn-h-bn sXp t`Z-ap--
Xp-t]mse temIm--c--fnepw hcmw. Fm
Cu temI-n krjvSn-n-p P\p-kp-I-sf-
tm-se-Xs A\y-tem-I--fnepw krjvSn-n-
cn-p-p. IqSmsX Iv apX-emb AwK--fpsS
m\w temI-n ImW-s-Spw-t]mse Xs-
bmWv temIm- - c - - f nepw D- X v . Fs-
m kqcym-N-{-aku [mXm bYm-]qcvh-a-
I-ev]-bXv Znhnw N ]rYnhowNm-cn--atYm
kzx (E. 10. 190. 3)
kqcy, N{, BIm-iw, `qan. A-cnw
Ah-bn-ep kpJ-, hnin-jvS-h-kvXp--
F-n-hs - bmw [mXm-hmb Cuiz-c apI-ev]-
-fn krjvSn-n-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Xs-bm-
Wv, Cu Iev] - nepw krjvSn-n-p-X - v. temIm-
-c--fnepw C-s\-X-s-bm-Wv. Hpta A-
c-an-.
thZw ap-tem-I--fnepw
tNmZyw: Cu temI-n {]Im-in-X-amb
thZ- Xs-bmtWm ap temI--fn-
ep-ap-Xv? AtXm thsdtbm?
Dcw: Chn-sS-bp thZ- Xs. Hcp
cmPm-hns cmPy-`-c-Ww, \oXn-\ym-b-hy-h--
DXv]n nXn {]fbw
I cmPy-ns Fm {]tZ-i--fnepw Htc
hn[-n Bbn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse cmP-cm-tP-
iz-c-\mb Cuiz-cs thZ--fn {]Xn-]m-Zn-X-
amb \oXnbpw At-l-ns krjvSn km{am-
Py-nse kI-e-tem-I--fnepw Hp-X-s-bm-
Wv.
Pohm-flm-fpw {]Ir-Xnbpw
Cuiz-c-\-[o\w
tNmZyw: Pohm-flm-fpw {]Ir-Xn-bn-ep
]ZmY-fpw A\m-Znbpw Cuiz-c-krjvS-a-
m--Xp-am-sW-n Ah-bn Cuiz-c\v
A[n-Im-cta Dm-Im ]mSn-. Fs-m
Fmw kzX-{fm-Wtm?
Dcw: cmPmhpw {]P-Ifpw ka-Im-eo-\cm-
Ip-p. {]P-I cmPm-hns A[o-\-n-em-Wn-
cn-p--Xv. AXp-t]mse Pohm-flm-fpw PU-
]-ZmY-fpw Cuiz-cs A[o-\-n-emWv.
Cuiz-c temIsf krjvSn-p-p. Pohm-flm-
p Ia-^ew sImSp-p-p. Fm-n-s\bpw
thpw hw cn-p-p. Af-h in-bp-
-h-\pam-Wv. Atm AXy-ev]-amb in-
bp Pohm-flm-fpw PU-]-ZmY-fpw Fp-
sImv At-l-ns A[o-\-n-em-bn-qSm?
Fm Iaw sNp--Xn Poh kzX-{-
\m-Wv. Ia-^-e- A\p-`-hn-p--Xn-em-Is
Cuiz-cs hyh-bvv A[o\-\p-am-Wv. AXp-
t]m-se-Xs PK-ns krjvSn nXn-kw-
lm-c- \S-p-Xpw kh-i-n-am-\mb
Cuiz-c Xs-bm-Wv.
ASp kap-m-k-n hnZy, Ahn-Zy,
_w, tamw Fo hnj-b- {]Xn-]m-Zn-
mw.
{ioa--bm-\--k-c-kz-Xo-kzm-an-I cNn
kXymY-{]-Im-i-nse
krjvSypev]n-nXn {]f-b-hn-j-b-
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p
Fmw kap-mkw Ign-p.
172
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
H]Xmw kap-mkw
kXym-{]-Imiw
hnZy, AhnZy, _-\w, tamw
AY hnZymhnZy,_-tamw hnjbw {]hymax
C\n hnZy, AhnZy, _-\w, tamw Fo hnj-b- hymJym-\n-p-p.
hnZymw NmhnZymw N bkvX-tZz-tZm-`bMv
kl Ahn-Zybm arXypw XocvXzm hnZybmf
arX-a-iv\ptX (b-Pp. 40. 14)
hnZy-bp-sSbpw Ahn-Zy-bp-sSbpw kzcq-]-sa-
sv Htc kabw Xs Adn-bp a\p-jy
Ahn-Zy 1 bm AYhm Itam-]m-k-\-I-fm
1 AhnZym F ]Z-n\v cp kam-k--fp-v. \Rv
Xv]pcp-j-\pw, _lq-{ho-ln-bpw. a{-nse AhnZym
\Rv. XXv]p-cp-j-k-am-Wv. \ hnZym = Ahn-Zym. Fs-
m BZyp-Zm--am-Wn-Xv. \Rv XXv]p-cp-j-\n D-
c-]-Z-n\p \ntj[w Iev]n--bm AXn-\-\p-k-cnv
AYs t_m[n-n-p-p. \Rn-h-bp--a\y kZr-
im-[n-I-c-tW-X-Ym-lyY-KXnx F-a-lm-`m-jy-h-N\w
(3.1.12) CXn\p {]am-W-am-Wv.) A\-iz-am-\b F
Bbvv `rXy khm-cnp sImm-hp IpXn-c-
b-m \mevImen arKs sImp-hc - pw. hnZy, Iaw
Fn-hbvv imkv{X--fn kl-hnXzw ]d-n-
p-v. XwhnZym IaWn ka-\zm-ct- `tX ]qh-{]-mN
(_r-l-Zm-c-WyI D]-\n-jv 4. 4. 2 \ncp-. 14.7) CXn.-
m\w Iaw ]qhw--hm-k-\, kvXpXn, kwkvImcw
Fnh Bflm-hn-t\m-sSmw t]mIp-p. Cm-c-W-
m Ahn-Zy-sb-X - n-\. hnZy-bn-m Fm X-
Zr-i-amb Ia-sav {Kln--Ww. CXv {K-Im-c
AhnZy sb hymJym-\n-p-tm kv^pSo-Ic - n-p-p-v.
_lp-{holn kam-k-nse AhnZy \mkvXn hnZym--b-
YmY- m\w bkym- k m- - G - X n- e mtWm bYmY
m\-an-m-Xv Acw hn]-co-X-m-\-n\v ]d-
bp t]cmWv. sshtijnI Zi-\ - nepw C{n-bt- Zm-
jmXv kwkvImc tZmjmm hnZym-X-pjvSw m\-av.
(9.2.10&11) C{n-b--kw-kvImc tZmj--fm-ep-m-Ip
AhnZy Zpjn-n-p m\-amWv Ahn-Zy-sbp ]d-
bp-p. tbmK kq{X-nse Ahn-Zybvv Cu A-
sa-Sp-W- w.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
9
ac-Ws Pbn-v, hnZy-sImv AYhm bYmY-
m-\w-sIm-v tamw {]m]n-p-p. Ahn-
Zy-bpsS eWw:
A\n-Xym-ipNn ZpxJm-\m-flkp \nXy-ipNn
kpJm-flJym Xnc-hn-Zym 2
CXp tbmKim-kv{X-nse kq{X-am-Ip-p.
A\n-Xy-amb kwkm-c-nepw ico-cm-Zn-I-fnepw
\nXy-Xz-_p-n Inpw tInpw Ipw-tIpw
Adn- b p Cu {]w A\m- Z n- b m- s Wpw
icocw Fpw \ne-\n-evpsa-p-ap hn]-co-
X- m- \ - h p- a mWv Ahn- Z y- b psS BZys
AwKw. Aip-Nn-bmb AXm-bXv amen-\y-ab - a
- mb
hkvXp--fnepw anYym-`m-jWw tamjWw apX-
emb A]-hn-{X-Ia-f - nepw ]hn-{X-XI- m-Wp
_pn-bmWv Ahn-Zy-bpsS cm-as AwKw.
hnj-b-kp-J-ns AXy--tk-h-\-am-Ip
ZpxJ-n kpJ-_pn ImWp-Xv Ahn-Zy-
bpsS aqm-as AwKhpw A\m-fl-h-kvXp-
sf Bflm-hm-sWp sXn-c - n-p-Xv Ahn-
Zy- b psS \mem- a s AwKhpw BIp- p.
Cs\ \mep hn[-n-ep hn]-coX m\-
s-bmWv Ahn-Zy-sbp ]d-bp--Xv.
hnZy--e-Ww
CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn A\n-Xy-n A\n-
2 tbmK-kq{Xw km[-\-]mZw 5
175
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Xy-X. \nXy-n \nXyX. ]hn-{X-a-m--Xn
A]-hn-{X-X, ]hn-{X-Xb
- n ]hn-{XX ZpxJ-n
ZpxJw, kpJ- n kpJw A\m- fl - X - b n
Bfl-`n--X, Bflm-hn BflX Fn-h-Im-
Wp- - X mWv hnZy ""thn bYm- h - z
]ZmcvY-kz-cq]w bbm km hnZym. bbm Xz-
kz-cq]w \ Pm\mXn {`Z-\ykvan \y-n-ivNn-
t\mXn bbm km AhnZym'' GXn-\m ]ZmY-
fpsS bYmYkzcq]w Adn-bp-pthm AXn-
s\-bmWp hnZy Fp ]d-bp-Xv. GsXm-n-
\m Xz-kz-cq]w Adn-bp-n-tbm GXn-\m
Hcp hkvXp-hn asmcp hkvXp-hns AkvXn-
Xz-t_m[w Dm-Ip-pthm AXns\ AhnZy
Fpw ]d-bp-p.
AhnZy
Iahpw D]m-k-\bpw Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv. Imc-
Ww, Ah _mly-fpw B-c--fp-amb
{Inbm-hn-ti-j--fm-Wv, m\-a-. AXp-sIm-
p-Xs- -bmWv Cu a{-n ""]cn-ip--amb
Iaw A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw Cuiz-cs\ D]m-kn-
p-Ibpw sNmsX arXyp-Zpx-Js Bcpw
XcWw sNp-n-.'' Fp ]d-n-p--Xv.
]mh-\-amb Iam-\p-jvTm-\w, ]hn-{X-amb D]m-
k\, ]cn-ip--amb m\w Fn-h-sImt
tamw Inp-I-bp-q. Ak-Xy-`m-jWw XpS-
nb ZpjvIa-, hn{K-lm-cm-[-\, anYym-
m\w Fn-h-I-fmepw _-\-am-Wp-m-Ip-
-Xv FYw. Iaw, D]m-k-\, m\w,
Fn-hb - - msX Hcp \nanjw t]mepw a\p-jy\p
\ne-\nn-. 3 AXn-\m kXy-`m-j-WmZn
[a-bp--Ia- A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw anYym-
kw-`m-j-WmZn A[a-sf XyPn-p-Ibpw
sNp-Xp am{X-amWv tam-n-\p D]mbw
_hpw tamhpw thZm-hpw
tNmZyw: tamw Inm- X n- c n- p- Xv
BmWv?
Dcw: _n-X\v
tNmZyw: _n-X-\m-cmWv?
Dcw: A[a-nepw Am-\-nepw
AI-s Pohm-flm-hmWv _n-X
tNmZyw: _hpw tamhpw kzm`m-hn-
3 \ln InXv W-a]n PmXp XnjvTXy Icva-IrXv
Imcy-tX-ly-hiyx Icva kcvhx {]IrXn ssPcvKpssW
(KoX 3.5)
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
I-ambn Dm-Ip-tXm GsX-nepw \nan--
m Inp-tXm?
Dcw: \nan--m e`n-p-Xp Xs.
_-tam-- kzX-kn---fm-sW-n
Ah Hcn-epw Cm-Xm-hp-I-bn--tm.
tNmZyw: \ hntcmt[m \ tNmXv]-ncv \
_tm \ N km[Ix \ apap-cv \ ssh
apn cntXyj ]c-amYnXm. 4
Cu ImcnI amWvUq-tIym-]-\n-j-n-t-ep-
- X m- W v . Poh {_- a m- b - X p- s Im- v
hkvXpXx Poh\p \ntcm-[-tam, Bh-c-W-n-
e-I-s-S-tem, P-sa-Sp--tem, _-\tam
C. tam- k m- [ - \ - - f - \ p- j v S n- p- n- .
tamw t\Sp- h m Cn- p- n- . Poh\v
Hcnepw tamw e`n-p-n-. Fs-m
hmkvX-h-n _\ta Dm-bn-n-s-n
]ns tam-sa-mWv?
Dcw: \ho- \ - t hZmn- I - f psS Cu
hmpI kXy-a-. Poh Aev]-kzcq-]n-bm-
b-Xn-\m Bh-c-W-n AI-s-Sp-p. 5
icocw [cnv hyn-bmbn P\n-p-p. ]m]-
Ia--fpsS ^em\p-`-h-am-Ip _-\-n
IpSp-p-p. AXn \np hnp-t]m-Ip-hm-\p
A\p-jvTm\w sNp-p. ZpxJ-\n-hrn B{K-ln-
p-p. ZpxJ--fn \np ap-\mbn ]c-am-\-
-cq-]n-bmb Cuiz-cs\ {]m]np ssIh-ey-
kpJw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
tNmZyw: Cu [a--sfmw ico-c-n-
tXpw Ax-Ic - W
-
- n-t-Xp-am-Wv. Pohm-flm-
hn- t - X - . Poh ]m]- ] p- W y- c - l n- X \pw
kmn am{X-hp-am-Wv. iotXm-jvWm-Zn-I
ico-c - ns am{Xw [a-am-Wv. Bflm-hm-Is
\nte-]-\pw.
Dcw: tZlhpw Ax-I-c-Whpw PU-am-
Wv. Ahbvv iotXm-jvW--fp-m-hp-Itbm
A\p-`q-X-am-hp-Itbm C. ssNX-\y-ap a\p-
jymZn Pohn-I kv]in-p-tm am{Xta
iotXm-jvW-fpsS m\hpw A\p-`-hhpw
Dm-hp-I-bp-q. AXp-t]mse AtN-X-\-amb
{]mW\v hnipw Zmlhpw Dm-Ip-n-. {]mW-
4 KuU-]m-Zob ImcnI 2. 32 AhnsS ap CtXyjm
Fp ]mTw
5 m\w ]cn-amWw kmaYyw Fn-h-bn ]c-am-flm-
hns\ At]-nv Poh Aev]-\m-Wv.
176
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
\p Pohm- fl m- p am{Xta hnipw
Zmlhpw Dm-Ip-p-q. AXp-t]mse a\pw
PU-am-b-Xp-sImv AXn\v kpJhpw ZpxJhpw
Dm-hp-I-bn-. a\-kp-sImv lj-tim-I--
tf-bpw, kpJ-Zpx-J--tfbpw A\p-`-hn-p-Xp
Pohm-flm-hm-Wv. _mtly-{n-b--fmb sNhn
apX-em-bh - b
- m \Xpw No-bp-amb i_vZmZn
hnj-b-sf {Klnv Pohm-flmhv kpJnbpw
ZpxJn-bp-am-Ip--Xp-t]mse Ax-I-c-W--fmb
a\-v, _pn, Nnw, Al-m-cw, Fn-hb - m
k-ev]w, hnI-ev]w, \n-bw, kvac-W, A`n-
am\w Fnh sNbvXv inbpw km-\hpw
Poh t\Sp-p. hm sImp-sIm-p--\mWp
inml. hmf-. AXp-t]mse icocw C{n-
b-, Ax-I-cWw, {]mW Fo D]-I-c-
W--sf-smp \bpw Xnbpw sNp
Pohm-flm-hmWv kpJ-Zpx-J--fpsS t`mm-hv.
Pohm- fl mhv Ia- - f psS kmn- b - ,-
Imhpw t`mm- h p- a m- W v . Ia- fpsS
kmn AZzn-Xo-b-\mb ]c-am-flmhv am{X-am-Wv.
Iaw-sN-p Pohm-flmhp am{Xta Ia--
fm _n-X-\m-hp-p-q. Pohm-flmhv Cuiz-
ct\m kmntbm A.
tNmZyw: Poh {_-ns {]Xn-_nw-
_- a m- I p- p. ImSn s]mn- - I mepw
{]Xn-_nw-_-n\v tIm-sampw Xp-n-.
AXp-t]mse {_-ns {]Xn-_nw-_-amb
Poh Ax-I-c-tWm-]m[n \ne-\n-evp--Xp-
hsc AXn \ne-\n-evp-p. Ax-I-cWw
\in-p-tm Poh apn-{]m-]n-p-p.
Dcw: C-d-Xv shdpw _men-i-am-Wv.
kmIm-c-am-b-Xn\p am{Xta asm-n {]Xn-
_nw_w Dm-Iq. apJ-n\pw Im-Snpw
BIr-Xn-bp-v. Ah sht-sd-bp-am-Wv. sht-
sd- b - s - n {]Xn- _ nw_w Dm- h p- I - b n- .
{_w \ncm-Im-chpw kh-hym-]n-bp-am-I-bm
{_-n\v {]Xn-_nw-_ta Dm-hp-I-bn-.
tNmZyw: t\mq! Bg-ta-dnb kz-P-e-
n \ncm-Im-chpw hym]-Ih - p-amb BImiw
{]Xn-^-en-p-p. C{]-Imcw kz-amb Ax-
I-c-W-n ]c-am-flm-hns B`mkw ({]-Xn-
^-e-\w) Dm-Ip-p. AXp-sIm-p-X-s-
bmWv AXns\ NnZm-`mkw Fp ]d-bp--Xv.
Dcw: CXpw shdpw _men-i-amb anYym-
hm-p-I-fm-Wv. BImiw Zriy-a-s-n-cnt
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ip BmWv AXns\ ImWm-\m-hpI?
tNmZyw: \oe- \ n- d - n s]mSn- ] - S ew
t]mse apI-fn ImWp \oena BIm-i-
at?
Dcw: A.
tNmZyw: AsX-mWv ]ns?
Dcw: ]rYn-hn, Pew, tXPv Fn-h-
bpsS hn`n-{- X-kt- c-Wp-f - mWv AhnsS ImWp-
-Xv. AXn ImWp \oe-\ndw Pem-[n-Iyw-
sIm- p- m- b- X m- W v . ag- bmbn hjn- p
shw Xs-bmWp \oe-\n-d-n ImWp--
Xv. s]mSn-]-Sew t]mep-Xv `qan-bn \np
s]mn- - d p hmbp- h n Npn- n- c n- b p
s]mSn-bm-Wv. Ah-bpsS {]Xn-_nw-_a - mWv sh-
nepw Im-Sn-bnepw ImWp--Xv. BIm-i-n-
t-X-.
D]m-[n-t`-Z--f-. Cuiz-c\pw Poh\pw
tNmZyw:IpSm-Im-iw, aTm-Im-iw, taLm-Im-
iw, al-Zm-Imiw Fn-s\ `n hyh-lm-
c- ImWp- - X p- t ]mse {_- m - W v U w,
AxI-cWw Fo D]m-[n-I-fpsS t`Z-m
{_-ns\ Cuiz-c Fpw Poh Fpw
]d-bp-p. IpSm-Zn-I Cm-Xm-Ip-tm alm-
Im-i-sap am{Xta ]d-bm-dp-q.
Dcw: CXpw ]mac hN-\-am-Wv. BImiw
Hcn- epw On- ` n- - a m- I p- n- . {]tbm- K -
nepw ""IpSw sImp-h-cnI'' FmWv ]d-
bp-I. ""IpSm-Imiw sImphcq'' Fmcpw ]d-
bp-I-bn-. AXn-\m CXp icn-b-.
tNmZyw: IS-en ayhpw ap Pe-P-p-
fpw BIm-i-n ]n-Ifpw apw k-
cn- p- - X p- t ]m- s ebpw NnZm- I m- i - { _- -
nAx-I-c-W--sfmw kZm k-cn-p-
p. Ah kzbw PU--fm-sW-n-epw, kh-
hym-]n-bmb ]c-am-flm--hns k-bm An-
Xm-]-ta teml-sa--t]mse tNX-\--fm-bn-
o-cp-p. ]n-Ifpw apw Nen-p-p-s-
nepw BImiw \n-e-ambn hn-p-
hw Ax-I-c-W- Nen-p-p-s-
nepw {_w \n-e-am-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-
\m Poh {_-am-sWp hniz-kn-p--
Xn tZmj-sam-p-an-.
Dcw: \n-fpsS Cu ZrjvSm-hpw icn-
b-. kh-hym-]n-bmb {_-amWv Ax-I-c-
177
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
W--fn {]Im-inv Poh-\mbn Xocp--sX-
n AXn kh-Xzw XpS-nb KpW-
Dstm Cstm ]d-bp-Xv? Bh-
cWw Dm-Ip--Xn-\m kh--Xzm-Zn-Kp-W-
Cs-m-sW-n {_w Bhr-hpw
JWvUn-X-hp-am-sWtm AtXm AJ-WvUn-X-
am-sWtm ]d-tb-Xv? AJ-WvUn-X-am-sW-
n AXns Dn Bh-cWw Dm-p-hm
km[y-a-. Bh-cWw Cs-n k-Xzw
Fp-sIm-n? {_w Xs kzcq]s
adv Ax-Ic - W-n-s\mw Nen-p-p, kzcq-
]-tm-sS-b-, Fp ]d-bp-Xpw icn-b-.
kzbw Nen-m-Xn-cn-s, Ax-I-cWw F{X-
sb{X {]tZ-i-sf ]nnv apt-dn-sm-n-
cn-ptam Ahn-S-hnsS {_w Am-\nbpw
{`m- h p- a m- b n- c n- pw. ]nn- n- S - - f n D
{_w m\nbpw ]cn-ip-hpw aphpw
BIpw. Cs\ hniz-hym-]n-bmb {_s
Ax-I-cWw kh{X Zpjn-n-pw. _-tam-
- ss\an-jn-I--fp-amIpw. \n-fpsS
{]am-W-a-\p-k-cnv Hcp Pohm-flm-hn-\pw app
ImWp-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw sNbvXXv kvac-W-
bn hcn-I-bn-. Fs-m app ImWp-
Ibpw tIp-Ibpw sNbvX {_w Cm-Xm-
bn-o-cp-p. AXn-\m {_w Poht\m Poh
{_tam A. Ahbvp Xn Hcn-epw
sFIyw Dm-Ip--X-. Ah Fm-bvtmgpw
shtsd Xs-bm-Wv.
{_-n A[ym-tcm] JWvU\w
tNmZyw: CsXmw A[ym- t cm- ] - a - t {X.
Hn asm-ns\ m]n-p--Xn\v A[ym-
]-tcm]w Fp ]d-bp-p. {_-sa hkvXp-
hn kIe PK-n-t\bpw euInI hyh-lm-
c-t- fbpw Btcm-]n-p-X
- p-sImv Pnm-
kp-hn\v t_m[w Dm-Ip-p. hmkvX-h-n
Fmw {_w Xs-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw: Aym-tcm]w sNp--Xm-cmWv?
Dcw: Poh
tNmZyw: Fn-s\-bmWp Poh Fp ]d-
bp-Xv?
Dcw:Ax-I-c-Wm-h-n--amb
ssNX\ys.
tNmZyw: Ax- I - c - W m- h - n- - a mb
ssNX\yw asmcp hkv X pthm AtXm
{_tam?
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
Dcw: B {_w Xs-bmWv
tNmZyw: Atm B {_w Xs-
bmtWm Xn PK-n-s anYym-tcm]w
sNbvXn-p-Xv?
Dcw: AtX, {_w Xs-bm-Wv. AXp-
sImv {_-n-s\-p- lm\n?
tNmZyw: anym-tcm]w sNp-X - p-sImv
{_w Ak-Xy-hm-Zn-bm-hp-I-bnt?
Dcw: C. Fs-m, at\m-hm-Wn-I-
fm k-ev]n-p-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp--
sXmw Ak-Xy-am-Ip-p.
tNmZyw: Atm at\m- h m- W n- I - f m
anYym- h - k vXp- sf k- e v]n- p- I bpw
AkXyw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp {_w k-
ev]hpw anYym-hm-Zn-bp-am-sWp hnt?
Dcw: hc-s. AXpw Rn-jvS-amb
Btcm-]Ww Xs!
sImm-atm Ak-Xy-th-Zm-n-Itf! \n
kXy-kz-cq-]\pw kXy-Im-a-\pw, kXy-k--ev]-
hp-amb ]c-am-flm-hns\ anYym-Nm-cn-bm-n-bt- m.
\n-fpsS A[x-]-X-\-Im-c-W-at CXv? Cuiz-
c anYym-k--ev]-hpw, anYym-hm-Zn-bp-am-sWv
GXp-]-\n-j-n-em-Wv. GXp kq{X-n-emWv
GXp thZ-n-emWv Fgp-Xn-bn-p-Xv? I
t]meo-kp-tZym-K-s\ inn-p F ]g-
smp t]mse-bm-btm \n ]d--Xv.
t]meokptZym-K - Is\ inn-p-shp
]d-bp-Xv DNn-X-am-Wv. I t]meo-k-[n-Im-
cnsb inn-p-Xv \mp-\-S-n\p hn]-co-X-am-
W-tm. AXp-t]mse \n anYy-I k-
ev]npw ]dpw kzw tZmj-sf {_-
n-em-tcm-]n-p-I-bmWv. {_-ns sNdn-
sbm-cwiw anYym-hm-Znbpw anYym-Im-cn-bp-am-sW-
n A\--amb {_w apgp-h\pw A{]-Im-c-
am-Ipw. Fs-m AXv GI-cq-]-am-Ip-p.
Fm bYmY-n AXp kXy-kz-cq-]\pw
kXy-am-\nbpw kXy-hm-Znbpw kXy-Im-cn-bp-am-
Wv. C-d tZmj--sfmw \n-fp-tS-Xm-Wv,
{_-n-t-X-. \n hnZy-bm-sWp ]d-
bp-Xv Ahn-Zy-bm-Wv. \n-fpsS A[ym-tcm-
]hpw any- b m- W v . Imc- W w, {_- a - m
Bflm-hns\ {_-am-sWpw {_s Poh-
\m-sWpw k-ev]n-p-Xp anYym-m-\-a-
s-n as-mWv? Fpw \nd-n-cn-p
178
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
AXv ]cn-nhpw Am-\nbpw Bhp-I-bn-
. Hcn-epw _-n s]Sp-Ib - n-. Am-
\n-bpw, ]cn-n-\pw m\-hnbpw Aev]-
\pw, Aev]-\pw Poh-\m-Wv. kh-\pw
kh-hym-]n-bp-amb {_-a-.
_-tam-h
- n-hc
- Ww
tNmZyw: apn Fp ]d-bp--sX-mWv?
Dcw: "apn ]rY- K v ` - h n P\m
bkymw km apnx' GXn \nv tamN\w
Dm-Ip-pthm AXmWp apn.
tNmZyw: Fn\np tamN\w?
Dcw: Fn\np tamN\w Fm Pohm-
flm-fpw Cn-p-pthm AXn \nv.
tNmZyw: GXn\n-p tamN-\-amWv
Cn-p-Xv?
Dcw: GXn\n-p tamN-\m-`n-emjw
Dm-Ip-pthm AXn\nv.
tNmZyw: GXn \np tamNn-phm-\mWv
A`n-emjw Dm-Ip-Xv?
Dcw: ZpxJ-n \nv.
tNmZyw: tamNnv Fns\ {]m]n-pp?
FhnsS hkn-pp?
Dcw: kpJs {]m]n-p-p. {_-
n hkn-p-p.
tNmZyw: apnbpw _hpw Fp-Im-c-
W--fm-em-Wp-m-Ip-Xv?
Dcw: Cuiz- c m ]cn- ] m- e n- p- I ,
A[aw, Ahn-Zy, No-kw-kKw, No-kw-
kv I m- c w, No- k z- ` m- h - Fn- h - b n
\npw AIp \np-I. kXyw ]d-bp-I,
]tcm-]-Imcw sNp-I, hnZym-[y-b\w sNp-I,
]-]mXw IqSmsX \ymbw [aw Fn-hsb
hn-n-p-I, app ]d-n-p--Xp-t]mse
Cuiz-cs\ kvXpXn-p-Ibpw {]mYn-p-Ibpw
D]m-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-I AXm-bXv tbmKm-
`ymkw sNp-I hnZy-I A`y-kn-p-Ibpw
A`y-kn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-I, [a-\n-jvTm-ambn
]pcp-jmw sNbvXv m\w hn-n-pI,
kthm--a-km-[-\-I-f-\p-jvTn-p-I, sNp--
sXmw ]-]m-Xc - l
- n-Xa - mbpw \ymb-[a-sf
A\p-k-cnpw sNp-I, C{]-Im-c-ap km[-\-
I-sf-smp apnbpw CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn
Cuiz-cmm ewL\w apX-emb Ia--fm
kXym-{]-Im-iw
_-\hpw Dm-Ip-p.
apn-bn Poh
tNmZyw: apn-bn Pohm-flm-hns ebw
Dm-Ip-pthm AtXm Pohm-flmhp ebn-
msX hn-p-pthm?
Dcw: Pohm-flmhp ebn-msX hn-
p-p.
tNmZyw: FhnsS hn-pp?
Dcw: {_-n hn-p-p.
tNmZyw: {_w Fhn-sSbmWv? ap-\mb
Poh Hcn-S-p-Xs nXn-sN-p-pthm
AtXm tkzm-Nm-cn-bmbn kh{X k-cn-
p-pthm?
Dcw: kh{X kqW- a mb {_-
n, ap Pohm- fl mhv XS- - a n- m- s X,
hnm\w, B\w Fn- h - b - \ p- ` hnv
kh{X hnl-cn-p-p.
tNmZyw: ap- P o- h \v qe- i - c ocw
Dtm?
Dcw: C.
tNmZyw: ]ns-ns\ kpJw AYhm
B\w A\p-`-hn-pp?
Dcw: AXns kXy- k - - e v]mZn
kzm`mhn-I-Kp-W-fpw kI-e-km-aYy-fpw
Dv. `uXn-I-kwkw am{Xta Cm-Xm-Ip-p-
q. t\mpI:
irWz t{im{Xw `h- X n, kv ] i- b
XzKv`-h-Xn, ]iy Nq`-h-Xn, ck-b
ck\m `h- X n, Pn{L {LmWw- ` - h Xn
a\zmt\m at\m `h-Xn, t_m[-b _pn`-
h-Xn, tNXbw n `h-Xy-l-phm-tWm-
l-mtcm `hXn.
(i-X-]-Y. Im. 14) 6
tam- n `uXn- I - i - c o- c hpw C{nb
tKmfI-fpw Pohm-flm-hn-\n-. Pohm-flm-hns
kzm`m-hn-I-Kp-W- am{Xta Dq. apm-h-
- b n Pohm- fl mhp kzi- n- s Imp
tIp-hm B{K-ln-p-tm t{im{X-ambpw,
kv]in-p-hm tXmp-tm Xzm-bpw,
Imm-\n-n-p-tm t\{X-ambpw kzmZ-dn-tb-
-tm ck-t\-{n-b-am-bpw, aWw Adn-tb--
6 Ip-In-n-bn-m-m iX-]Y ]mT-am-WnXv
179
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
tm {LmtW-{n-b-am-bpw, k-ev]-hn-I-ev]-
sNp-tm a\-m-bpw, \n-bn-p-
tm _pn-bm-bpw, Hma-h-bvm Nn-
ambpw, A`n-am-\n-p-hm Al-m-c-ambpw ]cn-
W-an-p-p. k-ev]-am-{X-amb ico-c-ambn `hn-
p-p. Pohm-flmhp ico-c-n-en-cn-p-tm
C{n-b-tKm-f-I--sf-smp Imcy- \nh-
ln-p--Xp-t]mse tammh--bn Xs
in-sImv Fm B\---sfbpw A\p-`-
hn-p-p.
tNmZyw: AXns in-I Fs\
F{X hn[-n-ep--XmWv?
Dcw: {][m- \ - i n Hcp hn[- nte
Dq. Fm _ew, ]cm-{I-aw, BIj-Ww,
t{]c-W, KXn, `bw, hnth-N-\w, {Inb, Dm-
lw, kvac-W, \n-bw, C, kvt\lw, tZzjw,
kwtbm-Kw, hn`m-Kw, kwtbm-P-Iw, hn`m-P-Iw,
{ih- W w, kv ] i- \ w, Zi- \ w, kzmZ- \ w,
{LmWw, m\w Fn-s\ Ccp-]-n-\mep
hn[-n-ep kmaYy--tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-XmWv
Poh. B kmaYyw sImp apn-bn B\-
s {]m]nv A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
tam-n Poh\v \miw t\cn-Sp-sa-n
tam-kpJw A\p-`-hn-p--Xm-cmWv? tam-
sap ]d-b p-Xp Pohs \mi-a m- sWp
hnNm-cn-p--h alm aqV-m-cm-Wv. Fs-
m, Pohm-flmhv ZpxJ--fn \np tamNnv
B\--kz-cq-]hpw kh-hym-]-Ihpw A]-cn-n-
-hp-amb ]c-am-flm-hn B\--tm-Sp-IqSn
nXn sNp--Xn-s\-bmWv apn Fp ]d-
bp- - X v. Cu thZm- - i mco- c n- I - k q{Xw
t\mpI: A`mhw _mZ-cn-cml tlyhav (th.
Z. 4. 4. 10)
thZ-hym-ks ]nXm-hmb _mZcn apn-bn
Poh- s bpw AtXm- s Smw a\- n- s bpw
AkvXn-Xzs kzoI-cn-p-p. Poh\pw a\pw
ebn-p-sap ]cm-i-c AwKo-I-cn-p-n-.
C{n-bmZn ]ZmY--fpsS A`m-h-ap-p-Xm-\pw.
AXp-t]mse:
`mhw ssPan-\nhn-I-ev]m-a-\-\mXv (th. Z.
4.. 4. 11)
ssPan\n F BNm-cy tamw {]m]n
]pcp- j s a\- n- s - s b- - t ]m- s e- X s
kqva-i-cocw C{n-b-, {]mW apX-em-
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
b-hb - p-sSbpw AkvXn-Xz-s-bm-Wv, A`m-hs - -
b AwKo-I-cn-p--Xv.
ZzmZ-im-l-h-Zp-`-b-hn[w _mZ-cm-b-tWmXx
(th. Z. 4. 4. 12)
hymk-ap\n apn-bn `mhw A`mhw Fo
cn-s\bpw AwKo-I-cn-p-p. tam-n
Pohm-flm-hp-ip--amb kmaYy-tm-Sp-IqSn
hn-p-p. Fm AXn-ep A]hn{X-
X, ]m]m-Nc - W- w, ZpxJw, Am\w apX-em-bh
Cm-Xm-Ip-p.
bZm ]m-h-Xn-jvTt m\m\n a\km
kl _pn \ hntN-jvStX Xmamlpx
]camwKXnav (I-T. 2. 6. 10)
CXv D]-\n-j-Zz-N-\-am-Wv. ip-a-\kpw ]-
m-t\-{n-b-fpw Poh-t\m-Sp-IqSn Ftm
nXn-sN-p-p-thm, Ftm nc-\n--b-ap-
-Xm-Ip-pthm B Ah-tbbmWp ]c-a-K-
Xn-sb-v-tam--sa-p--]-d-bp--Xv.
b Bflm A]-l-X-]m]vam hnPtcm hnar-
XypcvhntimtIm-hn-Pn-Ltmf]n]mkx kXy-
Imax kXy-k-ev]x tkmft\zjvShyx k
hnPn-m-kn-Xhyxkcvhmw
temIm\m]vt\mXn kcvhmw--Im-am bkvX-
am-flm-\-\p-hnZy Zy hnPm\mXoXn (Om. D. 8.
7. 1. )
khm Gj GtX\ ssZth\ Npjm
a\-ssk-Xm Imam ]iy ca-tX. b GtX
{_-temtI Xwhm GXw tZhm Bflm-\-ap-
]m-ktX Xkvam-tjm Mv kcvth N temIm
Bmx kcvth N Imamx k kcvhmw
temIm-\m-]vt\mXn khmw Imam-\y-kvX-
am-flm-\-a-\p-hnZy hnPm-\m-Xo-Xn. (Nm-tm. 8.
12. 56)
aL- h - cv X y hm CZMv ico- c - a mw
arXyp\m XZkym arXkym ico-c-kym-fl-t\m-
[n-jvTm-\-amtm ssh ki-co-cmx.
{]nbm-{]n-bm`ymw \ ssh kio-cc - ky kXx
{]nbm-{]n-btbmc]l-Xn-ckvXy icocw hmh
kw \ {]nbm-{]ntb kv]riXx (Om. D. 8.
12.1) A]-lX - ]- m-]vam-hm-b- A
- X
- m-bXv k-hn[
]m]-fpw Pcm-ac - W
- - fpw pXv]n-]m-kI - fpw
Cm kXy-Im-a\ - pw kXy-k - e
- v]\pw Bb
]c- a m- fl m- h n- s \- b mWv At\z- j n- t - - X v .
Ahs\ Adn-bp-hm-\mWv B{K-ln-t--Xv.
180
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
tamw {]m]n Pohm-flmhv ]c-am-flm-hns
_w-sIm-mWv kI-e-tem-I--sfbpw kI-
e-Im-a--sfbpw {]m]n-p--Xv. ]c-am-flm-hns\
Adnv tam-km-[-\--tfbpw kzw ipn-
tbbpw apm-flmhv Adn-bp-p. apm-flmhv
ip- a mb Znhy- t \- { X- mepw a\- n- \ mepw
Fmw Iv can-p-p. apm-flmhv {_-tem-
I- n ImtWXmb ]c- a m- fl m- h n
hnv tam-kp-J-a-\p-`-hn-p-p. IqSmsX
khm-cym-an-bmb Cu ]c-am-flm-hn-s\-bmWv
apn {]m]n-p hnZzm-m D]m-kn-p--Xv.
As\ Ah kh-tem-I--tf-bpw-kh
Ima--tfbpw {]m]n-p-p. GsXmw temI-
fpw GsXmw Ima-fpw knn--W-sav
Ah k- e v]n- p- pthm Ah- s bmw
Ahp knn- pp Fp Xmev ] - c yw.
IqSmsX B ap Pohm-flm- qe-i-cocw
XyPnv k-ev]-a-b-amb ico-c-m ]c-am-flm-
hn hnN-cn-p-p. ico-c-[m-cn-Iv kwkm-
c-Zpx-J-n \np ap-cm-bn-o-cp-hm Hcn-
epw km[y-a-m--XmWv CXn\p Imc-Ww.
{]Pm-]Xn C{-t\mSp ]d-Xv C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
Atbm ]c-a-]q-Pn-X\pw sFiz-cy-bp--\p-
amb alm-]p-cpjm qe-i-cocw ac-W-[an-
bm-Wv. knwl-ns hmbn BsS--hw
Cu icocw arXyp-h-Iv{X-n-em-Wv. ac-W-an-
m Pohm-flm-hns ]mn-Sa - mWv Cu ico-
cw. AXn-\m Cu Pohm-flm-hns\ kpJ-Zpx-
J- kZm {Kkn-n-cn-p-p. ico-c-[m-cn-
bmb Pohm-flm-hns\ kmwkm-cnI ZpxJ-
hnp-]n-cn-bp-I-bn-. ico-c-an-m-Xpw ap-hp-
amb Pohm-flm-hns\ kmwkm-cnI ZpxJ-
kv]in-p-I-t]m-ep-an-. AXv {_-n
hnv kZm B\--n apgp-Ip-p.
apn-bn \np Xncn-p-h-chv
tNmZyw: tamw {]m]n Pohm-flmhv
hopw Ftm- s g- nepw P\- \ - a - c - W - Z px- J -
n hcptam Ctbm? Fs-m
\ N ]p\-cm-hcvtX \N ]p\-cm-htX
CXn. (Om. D. 8. 15) A\m-hrnx i_vZm-\m-
hrnx i_vZmXv (th. Z. 4. 4. 33) bZv KXzm
\ \nhcvt Xma ]caw aa. (Ko-X. 15.
6) apXemb hN-\--fn \nv Adn-bp-Xv
Xncnp hp hopw kwkm-cs {]m]n-
m--tXtXm AXmWp apn Fm-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw: CXp icn-b-. Fs-m thZ-
n-en-Xn\p \ntj[-ap-v.
1. Iky \q\w IX-ak - ym-ar-Xm\mw a\m-atl
Nmcp tZhky \ma tIm t\m aly AZnXtb
]p\cvZmXv ]nXcw N Zrtibw amXcw N.
2. Atcvhbw {]Y-a-kym-ar-Xm\mw a\m-
atl Nmcp tZhky \ma; k t\m alym AZn-
Xtb ]p\cvZmXv ]nXcw N Zrtibw amXcw
N (E. 1. 24. 1&2)
3. CZm-\o-anh kcvh{X \mXy-tm-tZx
(kmwJyw 1. 159)
tNmZyw: BcpsS \ma-s-bmWp \mw
]hn- { X- a mbn Adn- t b- Xv ? \mi- a n- m
]ZmY--fpsS a[y-n nXn-sN-p--
h\pw kZm {]Im-i-cq-]n-bp-amb GXp tZh-
\mWp \s tam-kpJw A\p-`-hn-nv
hopw Cu kwkm-c-n \app Pw
\evIp-Ibpw amXm-]n-Xm--msc Zin-n-m-
Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv?
Dcw: kzbw {]Im-i-kz-cq-]\pw A\m-
Znbpw \nXy- a p- - \ p- a mb ]c- a m- fl m- h ns
\mas \mw ]hn-{X-ambn Adn-b-Ww. Bcv
ssIh-ey-ns B\--a-\p-`-hn-nv hopw
Cu `qan-bn amXm-]n-Xm--m-cn-eqsS P\n-n-
p- I - b pw, Ahsc ImWn- p- I bpw sNp-
pthm B ]c-am-flm-ht{X tam-hy-h-m-
]- I \pw khm- [ n- I m- c nbpw. Pohm- fl m-
Ctm _cpw ap-cp-am-bn-cn-pw-]Sn Fpw
Bbn-cn-pw. _--tam--v Hcn-epw
BXy-n-Ih - n-tZw C. AXp-t]mse _hpw
tamhpw Fm-bvt]mgpw Dm-bn-cn-p--Xp-
a-.
tNmZyw: XZ-Xy hntamtmf]hcvKx
(\ym-b. 1. 1. 22) ZpxJ-P--{]-hr-n-tZm-j-an-
ym-m-\m-\m-aptcm-cm-]mtb XZ-\-
-cm-]m-bm-Z-]-hcvKx (\ym-b. 1. 1. 2) ZpxJ--
fpsS BXy- n- I - a mb hnt- Z - s - b mWv
apn-sbp ]d-bp--Xv. anYym-m-\-am-
Ip Ahn-Zy, tem`w XpS-nb tZmj-
hnj-bm-Zn-If - mb Nohmk-\I - f
- n-ep {]hr-
n, Pw, ZpxJw Fnh D-tcm-cw \in-
p-tm ]q-]qh Cm-Xm-bn-o-
cp--Xp-sIm-mWv tamw knn-p--Xv.
AXv Fs-tpw \ne-\n-evp--Xp-am-Wv.
181
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw: AXy F ]Zw AXy-`m-
hs am{Xta Ipdn-mhq Fp \n_--an-
. ""AXy-w ZpxJ-a-Xyw kpJw hmky
hcvtX'' F- X n\v ""Cu a\p- j y\v
AXyw ZpxJhpw AXyw kpJhpw Dv''
Fm-WYw. AXy--ns AYw B[nIy-
am-sW-t{X CXn\np {Kln-m-hp--Xv.
Chn-sSbpw AXy--ns AYw B[n-Iy-
am-sWp {Kln--Ww.
apn-Imew
tNmZyw: Pohm-flmhv apn-bn \npw
aS-n-h-cp-sa-n F{X-Imew AXv apn-
bn Ignbpw?
Dcw: tX {_-temtI N ]cm--Imte
]cm-ar-XmXv ]cn-ap-Nyn kth (ap-WvU-I.
3. 2.6) apWvU-tIm-]-\n-j-n \nm-Wn-Xv.
tamw {]m]n Pohm-flm- alm-Iev]w
Ign-bp--Xp-hsc apm-h--bn {_m-\--
a- \ p- ` - h n- - X n- \ p- t ijw apn- k p- J s
shSnv kwkm-c-n-tep hcpp.
C-d alm-I-ev]-ns IWv C{]-
Im-ca- mWv: \mev] - n-aq-p-e - n Ccp-]X
\m-bncw sImw Hcp NXp-cypKw. cm-bncw
NXp-cyp-K- Hcp Atlm-cm-{Xw. Cs\
apXv Atlm-cm-{X- tNXv Hcp amkw.
As\ ]{p amk- IqSn-bXv Hcp
kwh--cw. Cs\ Hcp-\qdp kwh--c-
IqSn-b-XmWv Hcp ]cm--Im-ew.
KWn-X-{]-Imcw IW-mn a\-n-em-n-sm-
p-I. C{Xbpw ka-b-amWv apm-h--bn
B\--a-\p-`-hn-p--Xv.
tNmZyw:Fm {K- I m- c - m- c p- t Sbpw
temI-cp-tSbpw A`n-{]m-bw. P\-\-a-c-W--fn-
tep Xncn-p-h-cm--Xm-Wv apn Fm-
Wtm?
Dcw: Akw-`-hy-am-Wn-Xv. Pohm-flm-hns
inbpw ico-cmZn ]ZmY-fpw D]-I-c-W-
fpw ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. Ah-bp-sS-sbmw ^ew
A]- c n- a n- X - a m- b n- o- c p- - s X- - s \bmWv ?
B\w A\p-`-hn-p--Xn\v Af-h inbpw
I-a-km-aYyhpw D]-I-c-W-fpw Pohm-flm-
v C. AXn-\m A\--amb B\w
7 CXv 31 tImSn 10 en 4000 tImSn hj--fmWv
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
A\p-`-hn-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. A\n-Xy-km-[-
\--fm km-Zn-p ^e- Hcn-epw
\nXy-am-hp-I-bn-. IqSmsX H Pohm-flmhpw
apn-bn \np Xncn-p-h-cp-n-s-n temI-
ns Dq-e-\miw Xs kw`-hn-pw. Pohm-
flm- kwkm-c-n-en-m-Xm-hp-sa-Yw.
tNmZyw: ap-cm-hp--{Xbpw Pohm-flm-
sf Cuiz- c \nanv kwkm- c - n
hnSpw. AXn-\m Pohm-flm- \ntjw
Cm-Xm-hp-I-bn-.
Dcw:A-s\-bm-bm Pohm-flmhv A\n-
Xy-\m-hpw. Dm-Ip--Xn\v \mihpw \n-b-am-
Wv. Atm \n-fpsS knm-{- ]-Imcw ap-
cmb Pohm-flm-pw \miw hcpw. apnbpw
A\n- X y- a m- I pw. IqSmsX apn- m- \ p
henb Xnpw Xncpw Dm-Ipw. AhnsS
apm-flm- Ib-dp--tX-bp-q. Cd-p-n-
. AXn-\m Xncp hn-pw. ZpxJm-\p-`-h-
a-msX Hpw kpJ-ap-m-hn-. Ibv]n-s-n
a[pcw FmWv ? a[pc- a n- s - n Ibv s ]-
mWv? Hcp ck-n\p asmcp ckw hncp--am-
- n- Ip--Xn-\m-emWv cn-t\bpw thXn-cn--dn-bp-
-Xv. Fm ck--fp-sSbpw kzmZv A\p-`-hn-p-
-h\v Dm-IpkpJw a[p-cc - k
- a
- p-Xp-am{Xw
Ign-p--bmv Dm-hp-I-bn-. Adp-Xn-bp
Ia-v HSp-m ^ew \In-bm
Cuiz-cs \ymb-\njvT Cm-Xm-Ipw. Xmm-
7
CXns\ hp `mcw Npa-n-p--XmWv _pn-am-m-cpsS
tPmen. Hcp-av `mcw Npa-m-hp-h - s- \-smv
]p-av 8 Npa-n-m Npanp--h-\t{X
A]-hmZw Dm-Ip-Xv. CXp-t]mse Aev]-
\pw Aev]-k-a-\p-amb Pohm-flm-hn
A\--ku-Jys Ib-n-h-bvp-Xv Cuiz-
tcm-Nn-X-amb Imcy-a-. IqSmsX kth-iz-c
]pXnb Pohm-flm-sf Dm-Zn-n-p ]w
GXp Imc-W-{Z-hy-n \nv D]m-Zn-n-p-
pthm B Imc-W-{Zhyw Xop-t]m-Ipw. hc-
hn- m- Xpw sNe- h p- a m- { X- a p- f f- X p- a mb
`WvUmcw F{X hen-b-Xm-bmepw Fs-nepw
iq\y-am-Im-Xn-cn-n-. AXn-\m Pohm-flmhp
apnsb {]m]n-nv hopw kwkm-c - n-tep
hcp-sa \nWbw Xs-bmWp \-Xv. Ipd-
p-Im-e-tp XS-hn\p inn-p--Xn-t\-
8 D-tc-y-bn {]Nm-c-ap Xqp-I-W-v. \psS
]gb ]d-t]mse
182
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
m \-Xtm Poh-]-cy XShpw Xqn-
sm-epw? apn-bn\np Xncnp hc
Cs-n Ahn-Ss saw ITn-\-X-S-hn-sp
am{X-am-Wv. {_-n eb-sa-Xp kap-{Z-
n apn-m-h-ep-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c \nXy-ap-\pw ]qWm-
\--bp-\pw Bbn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv
Pohm-flm-hp-sa-n ]ns tZmj-sampw
Ctm?
Dcw: Cuiz-c A\--km-aYyw KpW-
Ia-kz-`m-h- Fn-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw
Ahn-Zy, ZpxJw, Fo _--fn ]Xn-m-
-h\pw Pohm-flmhp tamw {]m]n-mepw
ip-kz-cq-]\pw Aev]-\pw ]cn-an-X--fmb
KpW-Ia-kz`mh-tfmSp IqSn-h\pw Bbn-cn-
pw. Hcn-epw Cuiz-c-t\mSp Xpey-\m-hp-I-bn-
. AXn ({]m-W) AI-p-\np ]pd-tp
tNmZyw: tamw {]m]n Pohmflmhv
apm-h--bn \np aS-n-h-cp-sa-n
apnbpw P\- \ - a - c - W - c q- ] - a mb kwkmcw
t]mse-bm-Wv. AXn-\m tam-n\p {]b-
Xv\n-p-Xv hyYw Xs.
Dcw:tamw P\-\-a-c-W- t]mse-
b-. 36000 {]mhiyw DXv]-n-{]-f-b-v
F{X- I mew thn- h - c p- pthm A{X- h - f - s c-
mew Ign-bp--Xp-hsc Pohm-flm- ZpxJ-
-fn \n-Iv ap-cmbn B\w A\p-`-
hn-p-Xv sNdn-b-Im-cy-amtWm? Cp-m
\msf hni-p-sap IcpXn Cp-m-Xn-cn-
ptam? hni- v , Zmlw, \nm- c - a mb [\w,
cmPyw, bi-v, `mcy, km-\- apX-em-b-h-
bvmbn {]bXv\w sNp--Xm-h-iy-am-sW-n
tam-n-\p ]cn-{iaw Fp-sImv Bh-
iy-a? acWw \nn-X-am-sW-nepw Pohn-n-
cn-p-hm-\p D]m-b- sNm-dp-tm?
AXp-t]mse Xs apn-bn \nv P-sa-Sp-
-W-sa-n-cn-nepw tamtm]m-b- A\p-
jvTn-p-Xv AXym-hiyw Xs.
km[\ NXp-jvSbw
1. hnth-Iw
tNmZyw: tam-km-[-\- Fs-m-
amWv?
Dcw: tam-km-[-\--fn NneXp ]d-
p-I-gnp. Fmepw Ch {it-b--fm-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
apap-p- AXm-bXv tam-n-\m-{K-ln-p-
-h ZpxJ-^-e-ap-f-hm-p anYym-`m-j-Wm-Zn-
Isf shSnv kpJ-^-e- \Ip kXy-
`m-j-Wm-Zn-Isf \n-b-ambpw A\p-jvTn--Ww.
]m]m-N-cWw ZpxJ-n-sbpw [am-N-cWw
kpJ-n-sbpw aqe-Im-c-W-am-Wv. k-\--
fpsS kwkKw-sImp kXym-k-Xy--sfbpw
[am-[a--sfbpw I-hym-I-hy--
tfbpw thXn-cn-d
- n-bW
- w. ]noSv ico-c
- ns
AYhm Pohs ]tIm-i-sf hnth-Nn--
dn-b-Ww.
]-tIm-i-
Xzp-ap-X An hsc-bp ]rYn-ho-ab
kapZm-bn-\mWv A-a-b-tImiw Fp-]-d-
bp--Xv. CXmWv Hm-a-t-Xv.
cm- a - t Xp {]mW- a - b - t Im- i - a m- W v .
\nK-an-p hmbp (A-]m-\) ]pd-p-\nv
AI-tp {]th-in-p hmbp (k-am-\)
\m`n-bn Ccpv ico-c-am-k-Iew cks
hym]n-n-p hmbp, (D-Zm-\) A-]m-\-
sf Dn-tev BIjn-p-Ibpw _e-]-cm-
{I-a-sf Df-hm-p-Ibpw sNp hmbp, (hym-
\) Poh ico- c - m sNp Fm
tNjvS-I-fpsSbpw Imc-W-amb hmbp Fn-h-
sbmw nXnsN-p-p.
aqm-a-tXv at\m-a-b-tIm-i-am-Wv. hmv,
]mZw, ]mWn, ]mbp, D]-w, Fo Ap
Ita-{n-b-fpw Al-m-chpw a\-tm-Sp-IqSn
nXn sNp-p.
\mem- a - t Xv hnm- \ - a - b - t Im- i w.
AXn _pn, Nnw, Fn-hbpw t{im{Xw,
Np-kv, Xzv, Pnlz, \mknI Fo mt\-
{n-b-fpw nXn-sN-p-p. Ah-sb-smv
Poh m\m-Zn-hy-h-lm-c- \nh-ln-p-
p.
Am-a-tXv B\--a-b-tIm-iw. AXn
{]oXn, {]k--X, Ipdthm IqSp-Xtem Bb
B\w Fn-hbpw Ah-bvm-[m-c-amb {]Ir-
Xnbpw Ccn-p-p.
Ch- b mWp ]- t Im- i - . Ch- b mWp
Pohm-flm-hns Fm Ia, D - ]- m-k\ - m, m\m-
Zn-I-fpsS \nh-l-W-n-\p-X-Ip--h.
183
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Pm{K-v, kz]v\ kpjp]vXn Fn-h-sb-
bmWv aqv Ah--I-sfp ]d-bp--Xv.
icocw \mep hn[-n-ep-v. Ah-bn-semv
Cm-Wp qe-i-co-c-am-Wv.
cm- a - t Xv Ap{]m- W , Ap
mt\-{n-b-, Ap-kq-va-`q-X-.
a\-v, _pn Fo ]Xn-t\gp XXz--fpsS
kap-Zm-b-amb kqva-i-co-c-am-Wv. P\-\-a-c-W-
- f n Pohm- fl m- h ns IqsS- b p- Xv Cu
kqva-i-co-c-am-Wv. Cu kqva-i-cocw cp-
hn-[-n-ep-v. Hp `uXn-I-am-Wv. kqva-`q-X-
-fpsS Awi--fm-ep-m-n-b-Xm-W-Xv. at-
Xns t]cv kzm`m-hn-I-sa-m-Wv. CXv Pohs
kzm`m-hn-I-Kp-W-cq-]-am-Ip-p. Cu kqva-i-
cocw apn-bnepw \ne-\n-evp-p. apn-kpJw
CXp-sIm-mWv A\p-`-hn-p--Xv.
aqm-a-tXp Imc-W-i-co-cw. kpjp]vXn
AYhm KmV-\n{Z Dm-Ip-Xv AXn-em-Wv.
AXp {]Ir-Xn-cq-]-am-I-bm hn`phpw Fm
Pohm-flm-pw IqSn GI-hp-am-Wv.
\mem-a-tXv Xpco-bw. AXn-en-cpv Pohm-
flmhv kam-[n-bn-eqsS ]c-am-flm-hns B\--
n apgp- I p- p. Cu kam- [ n- k w- k v I m- c w-
sImpmIp ip-i-co-c-ns ]cm-{I-a-
amWv 9 ssIh-eymh--bnepw klm-b-I-am-
Ip--Xv. Cu tImi--fn \npw Ah--I-
fn \npw Xopw `n-amWv Pohm-flm-hv.
Poh Ah--I-fn \nsmw thsd-bm-sW-
s-m-hpw Adn-bmw. acWw kw`-hn-p-
tm Poh t]mbn FmWv Ghcpw ]d-bp-
-Xv. Cu Poh Xs-bmWv Fm-n-sbpw
t{]c-I-\pw. [mc-I-\pw, kmn-bpw, Im-hpw,
t`mm-hpw. Poh Imhpw t`mm-hp-a-
sv Bsc-nepw ]d-bp-p-sh-n Ah\v
Adn-hn-. hnth-I-hp-an-, Pohm-flm-hn-s-n
ap PU-]-Z-smpw kpJ-Zpx-J--
fpsS A\p-`-hhpw ]pWy-]m-]--fpsS IXr-
Xzhpw Dm-hp-I-tb-bn-. Mvlm! Ch-bpsS
_-mX-s-bmhmw Poh ]m]-]p-Wy-
- f psS Imhpw kpJ- Z px- J - - f psS
t`mmhpw BIp-Xv! C{n-b- AY--
fn-epw. a\kv C{n-b--fnepw Bflmhp a\-
9 ]cm-{Iaw cqVmY-a-. asm-n-tev Ib-dn--
BWn-Xv. Cuizc Poh-t`-Z-ns knmw ChnsS
IqSp-X kv]jvS-am-p-p.
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
nepw kwbp--ambn {]mWsf t{]cn-nv
\Xpw No-bp-amb Ia--fn {]hn-
n-p-tm am{Xta Dn kZvIa-
ktm-jw, Dm-lw, \n`-bXzw Fn-hbpw
Zpjv-Ia--fn `bw, i. e Fn-hbpw
Dm-Ip-p-q. CXv A-cym-an-bmb ]c-am-flm-
hns in-W-am-Wv. Cu in-W-a-\p-k-cnv
{]hn-p--h apn-P-\y-amb kpJs
A\p-`-hn-p-p. hn]-co-X-ambn hn-p--
h _-P-\y--fmb ZpxJs A\p-`-hn-p-
p. Cs\ ]rYnhn apX Cuiz-c-]-cy--
ap ]ZmY--fpsS KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--f-
dnv Cuiz-cs Bm]m-e\w D]m-k\
Fn-hb - n Xev]c- c
- m-Ip-I, hncp-a
- mbn t]mIm-
Xn-cn-p-I, krjvSn-bn \nv D]-Imcw t\SpI
Fn- h - b mWv hnth- I - s ap ]d- b p- - X v .
CXmWv apn-bpsS Hmw km[-\w.
2. sshcmKyw
cm- a s km[\w sshcm- K y- a m- W v .
hnthIw sImp kXym-k-Xy-sf thXn-cn-
-dnp kXym-N-c-Ws kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw
Ak-Xym-N-c-Ws XyPn-p-Ibpw sNp--
XmWv sshcm-Kyw.
3. jUvI kn
aqm- a s km[\w jUv I - k - - n
AYhm iaw apX-emb Bdp-hn-[-n-ep Ia-
-fpsS A\p-jvTm-\-am-Wv. Bflm-hn-s\bpw
Ax-Ic - W- s
- bpw A[am-Nc - W - - n \nv
AIn kZm [am-\p-jvTm-\-n {]hn-n-
p--XmWv iaw,. Bdp Ia--fn BZy-
tXv CXm-Wv. cm-a-tXv Zaw AXm-b-Xv,
t{im{Xw XpS-nb C{n-b--sfbpw ico-c-
tbpw hy-`n-Nm-cmZn ZpjvIa-f - n \n-In
PntX-{n-bXzw t\SpI XpS-nb \ Ia--
fn {]hn-n--Ww. aqmatXv D]-c-n-
bmWv . ]m]w sNp- - h - c n \nv kZm
AIp \n-Ww. \mem-a-tXv XnXn-.
\nm-kvXp-Xn-Ifpw em`-\-jvS-fpw F{X-Xs
kw`- h n- mepw kpJ- Z px- J - - f n- msX kZm
tamtm]m-b - f
- nXs Bk-\ - m-bn-cn-p-
- X mWv XnXn- . Ama- t - X n\v {i
Fp t]. thZm-Zn-k-Xy-im-kv{X--fnepw B
imkv{X--fpsS m\w sImp ]q-hn-Zzm-
m-cm-bn-p-ff B]vX-m-cp-sS--kXyw D]-tZ-in-
p--h-cp-sS--h-N-\--fn am{Xw hniz-kn-p-
184
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
-XmWv {i. Bdm-a-sXp kam-[m-\w--Nn-
-ns GIm-{K-X--B-Wv. C-d Bdpw
IqSn-t-XmWv aqm-as km[\w.
\mem-as km[\w apap-pXzw BWv.
hni- p- - h tNmdpw, Zmln- p- -
hshhpw AmsX asmpw cpNn-p-n-
. AXp-t]mse tam-nepw tamtm-]m-b-
-fn-epw. AmsX asm-nepw CjvS-an-m-Xn-
cn-p--XmWv apap-p-Xzw.
km[- \ - I - f - \ p- j v T n- p- I - g nv A\p- j v T n-
t A\p-_--Ia- Ch-bmWv: BZy-
tXv "A[n-Imcn" Cu \mep km[-\-Ifpw
Dff ]pcp-j-\mWv tam-n\v A[n-Im-cn.
cm-a-tXp "kw_-w." {_-{]m-]vXn-bm-
Ip tamw {]Xn-]m-Zyhpw thZm-Zn-im-kv{X-
AXns {]Xn-]m-Z-I--fp-am-Wv. Ahtb
th-Xp-t]mse Adnv ka-\z-bn-n-p--
XmWv kw_- w. aqm- a - t Xv "hnjbn'
bmWv. imkv{X--fp-sS-sbmw {]Xn-]m-Zy-hn-j-
b-amb "{_-ns {]m]vXn' F hnj-b-
tm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j Xs-bmWv hnj-bn.
\mem-a-tXp {]tbm-P-\w. khZp:J \nhr-
nbpw ]c-am-\-hpw {]m]nv tamkpJw
knn-p--Xmb {]tbm-P\w Fn-hsb \mev
A\p-_ - - Fp-]d - b
- p-p. A\-cw hcp-
-XmWv {ih-W-N-Xp-jvS-bw. Hm-a-tXv
{ih-Ww. hnZzm-m-cm-sc-nepw D]-tZiw \Ip-
tm Ahsb im-Nn--\mbn {im-]pw
tIp--XmWv {ihWw. hnti-jnpw {_-
hnZy AXyw {i-tbmsS tI-Ww. Imc-
Ww, kIe hnZy-I-fnepw hv kqvam-W-Xv.
cm-a-tXp a\-\w. tIp-I-gnv GIm--
-e-n-cpv AXn-t\n Nnn-p--XmWv
a\-\w. Fm\pw i-bp-m-bm hopw
tNmZn--Ww. {ih-W-k-a-b-p-Xs ]d-bp--
h\pw tIp--h\pw DNn-X-sap tXmn-
bm kwibw tNmZn-p-Ibpw kam-[m\w ]d-
bp-Ibpw thWw. aqm-a-tXp \nZn-[ym-k-\w.
{ihWw sImpw a\\w sImpw kwibw
Xo hnj-bs kam-[n-\
b-Ww. tIXpw Nnn-Xpw icntbm sXtm
Fv [ym\-tbmKwsImv Zin--Ww. \mem-
a- t Xp kmm- X v I m- c w. ]Zm- ns
kzcp-]w, KpWw, kz`mhw Fnh bYm-XY
Adn-bp-X - n\v kmm-XvImcw Fp t]. Ch-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sb-bmWp {ih-W-N-Xp-jvS-b-sa-p-]-d-bp-Xv.
t{Im[w, amen-\yw, aSn, {]amZw apX-emb
Xtam-Kp-W- Cujy,-tZz-jw, Imaw, A`n-
am-\w, hnt]w XpS-nb ctPm-Kp-W-
Fnh shSnv im-X, ]cn-ip-n, hnZym-hn-
Nmcw apX-emb kmXzn-I-Kp-W- kzoI-cn--
Ww.
(ssa{Xn) kp-jvS-cn kvt\lw, (Icp-W)
Zp:JnX-cn Zb. (apZn-Xm) ]pWym-flm-sf
ImWp-tm ktm-jw. (Dt]-m) ZpjvS-
tcmSv A{]o-Xn, sshcan-mbva Fn-hbpw kzoI-
cn--Ww. 10apapp Znh-khpw cp-a-Wn-q-
dn Ipd-bmsX [ym\w sN-Ww. Atm
AIs a\pw ap ]Zm-fpw kmm-
XvI-cn-mw.
BXvamhpw ico-chpw `nw
t\mq! \mw tNX-\-kz-cq-]n-I-fm-Wv. AXn-
\m m\-kz-cq-]n-Ifpw a\-ns kmn-
I-fp-am-Wv. Fs-m a\v im-tam, N-
etam A\-] - qW-tam, hnjm-Zb- p-tam BIp-
tm AXns\ \mw \-hw Adn-bp-p.
AXp-t]mse \mw C{n-b- {]mW apX-
em-b-hsb Adnbp--hcpw app I-Xns\
Hma-sh-p--h-cpw, Htc ka-bv At\Iw
kwK-Xn-Isf Adnphbv-p--hcpw [mcWw
BIj-Ww, Fnh sNp--hcpw, Ch-bn
\nsmw `n-cp-am-Wv. `n-c-s-n kzX-{-
ambn Iaw sNp-h - t- cm, AXns t{]c-Itcm
A[n-jv-Tm-Xmtfm Bhp-Itb Cm-bn-cp-p.
]-t-i-
Ahn-Zym-kvanXm cmK-tZzjm-`n-\n-thimx
] timx (tbm. Z. 2. 3) Ch-bn Ahn-Zy-
bpsS kzcq]w ]dp Ign-p. 11 thdn-n-cn-
p _pn Bflm-hn \np `n-a-sp
a\-n-em-p--XmWv Akvan-X--kp-J-n-t\m-
Sp CjvS - n\v cmK-sapw ZpxJ-n-t\m-Sp
CjvS - n\v tZzj-sapw ]d-bp-p. Rm kZm
ico-c- n Xs nXn-sN-pw, Hcn-epw acn-
- m-bn, Iv Adn- p- I - b n F Pohn- X mi kIe Pohn-
Ipw Ftmgpw Dv. ac-W-Zpx-J-tm-Sp
`b-amWv A`n-\nt-th-iw. Cu Ap ti--
- a
- mbn 10 ssa{Xo-I-cpWm apZn-tXm-t]-m-Wmw...... (tbm. Z. 1.38)
11 t]Pv 366 t\mpI
185
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
sfbpw tbmKm- ` ym- k w- s Impw hnm\w
sImpw AI-n-bnv {_s {]m]nv apn-
bpsS ]c-am-\w A\p-`-hn-t--Xm-Wv.
tNmZyw: \nv kzoIm-cy-amb apn-
b-tm ap--h-cp-tS-Xv. t\mq. ssP\-a-X-
mv tam-in-e-bn AYhm inh-]p-c-
n sNp au\-ambn Ccn-p--XmWv
apn. \mem-as BIm-i-n sNv
hnhm-lw, Ie-lw, ]mpw-sIm-pw, \ hkv{X-
[m-cWw apX-em-b-h-bm B\-n-p--XmWv
tam-sap {InkvXp-a-X-m Icp-Xp-p.
AXp- t ]mse Ggm- a s BIm- i - n
sNp kpJn-p--XmWv tam-sap apl-
-Zo-b Icp-Xp-p. hma-amKn-I {io]p-c-
n-epw, ssih- ssIem-k - n-epw, sshjvW-
h- sshIp-WvT - nepw tKmIpe hmkn-If - mb
tKmkm-bn-am tKmtem-I-nepw sNv hnin-
jvS-kv{Xo-I, A-]m-\o-b, hkv{X-
, hmk-e - - apX-em-bh - sb {]m]nv
B\-n-p--Xn-s\-bmWv tam-sap Icp-
Xp--Xv. ]ucm-Wn-I-cm-Is (kmtem-Iyw)
Cuiz-cs temI-n hkn-p-I, (km-\p-
Pyw) A\p-Ps - \-tmse Cuiz-cs IqsS Xma-
kn-p-I, (km-cq-]yw) D]m-ky-tZ-hs cq]w
{]m]n-p-I, (km-ao-]yw) tkh-I-s\-tmse
Cuiz-cs kao-] - n nXn sNpI (km-
bq-Pyw) Cuiz-c-t\mSp IqSn-t-cpI Cs\
\mep 12 hn[-n-ep--XmWp tam-sap
Icp-Xp-p. ]c-{_--n ebn-p--XmWp
tam-sa-p thZm-n-Ifpw hniz-kn-p-p.
Dcw: ]{mw kap-m-k-n ssP\-
cp-sSbpw ]Xn-aqmw kap-m-k-n apk-
am-m-cp-sSbpw apn apX-emb hnj-b - s
- f-n
hnkvXc - n-s-gp-Xmw. hma-amKn-I {io]p-c- n
sNp evao-tZ-hn-sb-tm-ep kv{XoI-sfbpw
aZy-amw-kmZn `-Wk - m-[\
-
- s- fbpw kwKo-Xm-
Zn-kp-J--tfbpw A\p-`-hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--
XmWp apn-sbp Icp-Xp-Xv Cu temI-s-
m Hpw sa- a - . AXp- t ]m- s e- X - s ,
ssIem-k-ntem sshIp-WvT-ntem sNv,
inh-s-tbm, hnjvWp-hn-stbm BIr-Xn-tbm-
12 ChnsS Aphn[ apn-I ]d-bp-p. D-c-n
kmcq-]y-s-n ]d-bp-n-. km\qPyw ]ucm-Wn-I
\nt-in-p-p-an-. aqe-]m-T-n Ftm XI-cm-dp-
m-b-Xm-hmw.
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
Sp-IqSn {io]mh-Xn-sb-tm-sebpw {io`-K-h-Xn-
sb- t m- s e- b pap kv { XoI- s fm- c p- a n- n- c pv
B\w A\p-`-hn-pI F-Xn Cu temI-
n-ep [\-hm-m-cp-sSbpw cmPm--m-cp-
sSbpw nXn-tb-m Hcp sa-ta-bp-q.
AhnsS tcmK- Dm-hp-I-bn-. bu\w
Fpw \ne-\npw A{X-am-{Xw. Fm
Ah- c psS hnNmcw sXm- W v , t`mK- a p- n- S -
smw tcmKhpw tcmK- a p- n- S - s mw
hmvIyhpw \n-b-am-Wv. \n-fpsS Cu
\mep-Xcw apn, Iran-Io-S- ]nar-Km-Zn-
I apX-em-bh - b
- vp-IqSn kzkn-a - m-Wv. Fs-
m Cm-Wp temI--sfmw Cuiz-c-t-
Xm-Ip-p. kIe Poh-Pm-e - f - pw Chn-sS-s
hkn-p-X - n-\mkm-tem-Iy-sa apn A\m-
bm-tk\ e`n-p-p. Cuiz-c kh-hym-]n-bm-
I- b m kI- e Xpw At- l - ns kao]w
nXn-sN-p-p, Xn-anw kmao-]y-sa
apnbpw kzXx-kn-a - m-Ipw. Pohm-flmhv Cuiz-
c-t\-m Fm-hn-[-nepw sNdn-bXpw tNX-
\-hp-am-Ib- m kzXx _p-hn-s\-tm-se-bm-Wv.
AXn-\m kmbq-Py-sa apnbpw {]bmkw
IqSmsX knn-p-p. kIe Pohm-flm-fpw
kh-hym-]I - \- mb ]c-am-flm-hn hn-p--
Xn-\m ]c-am-flm-hn-t\mSp tbmPn-n-cn-p-p.
AXn\m kmbqPyw F apnbpw {]bmkw
IqSmsX e`n-p-p. Fv ]ucm-Wn-It- cmSp ]d-
b-Ww. ap \mkvXn-I 13 ac-Wm-\-cw
Xz- Xz--tfmSp tNv ]c-a-amb
apn ssIh-cp-sp hniz-kn-p-p. AXp
\mbvpw Igp-X-Ipw IqSn Inm-dp-v.
hmkvX-h-n CsXmpw apn-b-. Hcp Xc-
n-ep _-\-am-Wv. CsXmw apn-bm-
sWp hnNm-cn-p--h inh-]p-cw, tam-
ine \memwBImiw, GgmwBIm-iw, {io]p-
cw, ssIem-kw, sshIpWvTw, tKmtemIw Fn-
h-sbmw Hmtcm Znn-ep m\-hn-ti-j--
fm-sWp hnNm-cn-p-p. Ah B m\--
fn \nv hnp-t]m-Ip--tXm-Sp-IqSn Ah-cpsS
apnbpw Xocp-p. then-s-n Agn-p-hn
t\m-p-n-sb-tmse Ah _-\--cm-Wv.
Cm-\p-k-cWw Fhn-sSbpw kcn-p--Xm-
Wv. apn, `b-tam, i-tbm, ZpxJtam Dm-hp-
Itb C. Pw DXv]-nbpw acWw {]f-bhpw
13 Nmhm-Im-Zn-I
186
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
BWv. ka-b-am-Ip-tm P-sa-Sp-p-p.
]qhP kvacW
tNmZyw: Pw Htm At\-Itam?
Dcw: At\Iw
tNmZyw: At\-Ia-- m-sW-n ]qh-P-w,
acWw Fn-h-sb-n Hma-h-cm--sXv?
Dcw: Pohm- fl mhv Aev ] - - \ m- W v .
{XnIm-e-m-\n-b-. AXn-\m Hma Dm-hp-
n-. m\w \Ip a\v Htc-k-abw
cv Adn-hp-I Hnp {Kln-p-hm ia-
. ]qh-PImcy- kvacn-p--Xns IY
Ccn--s, Cu P-n, Poh K`-n
hv ico-c-ap-mbn P\n-v, Ap-h-bp hsc
Dmb Imcy--sfmw kvacn-m-\m-Im--sX-
mWv? Pm{K-nepw kz]v\-nepw hf-sc-m-
cy- {]- X y- - a mbn Adn- nv Ahsb
kpp-]vXn-K- m-V\- n-{Z-b
- n kvacn-m-\m-Im--
sX-mWv? IqSmsX Hcp ]o-cmv aps
]Xn- a qmw sIm- nse Amw amkw
HXmw XobXn ]p aWn Hcp an\n-n\v
\n Fp sNbvXp-sIm-n-cpp? B ka-
bp \n-fpsS apJw, ssIv, sNhn, Iv
icocw Ch-sbmw Ftmv Xncn-n-cpp?
a\-n Fp hnNm-cn-p-sIm-n-cpp? Fp
tNmZn-p--Xm-bm \n Fp adp-]Sn
]dbpw? Cu P-nse IY-bn-Xm-sW-n
]q-P hrm---fpsS kvac-W-sb-n
kwi-bn-p-Xv shdpw _me-Nm-]-ey-am-Wv. B
kvacW Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p-Xp Xs-bmWv
Pohm-flm-hn\p kpJw. As-n ]q P
ZpxJnp acn- p- I - t b- b p- q. ]qh- P - - n-
sebpw hcpw P-n-sebpw Imcy--f-dn-bm
B{K-ln-mepw AX-km-[y-am-Wv. Fs-m,
Pohm-flmhv Aev]-\pw Aev]-kz-cq-]n-bp-am-
Wv. AXn-\m Cmcyw Cuiz-c-\-msX Pohm-
flm-hn\v Adn-bm-hp--X-.
hnkvar-X-Ia--fpsS ^ew
tNmZyw: Pohm-flm-hn\v ]qh-kva-c-W-bn-
m- X n- c ns AXn\v Cuiz- c in
\evIp ]w Pohm-flm-hn\v kXvIam`n-
cpNn Dm-hp-I-bn-. Rm sNbvX Ia-
ns ^e-amWv Ctm-g-\p-`-hn-p--sX
Adn-hp-m-bm am{Xta ]m]-n \nv
]n-hm-p-hm Pohm-flm-hn\p Ign-bp-I-bp-
q. At?
187
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw: m\w F{X- h n- [ - n- e p- s -
mWv hnNm-cn-p-Xv?
tNZyw: {]-XymZn {]am-W--fm Fp-
hn-[-sa-v.
Dcw: Fn P\\w apX Hmtcmka-
bv, A[n-Im-cw, k-v, _pn, ]Tn-v,
Zmcn{Zyw, _pn-bn-m-bva, aqVX apX-emb
kpJZpxJ {]m]vXn-Isf I-dnv ]p\-
-ns Adnhv Dm-Im-Xn-cnp--sX-p-
sImv? t\mq. sshZy-\pw, sshZy-\-m--
bm- f n\pw Htc tcmKw ]nSn- s ]- S p- p. tcmK-
ns \nZm\w AYhm ImcWw sshZy Adn-
bp- p. sshZy- \ - m- - b m Adn- b p- n- .
sshZy BbpthZw A`y-kn-n-p-.v at-bm
A`y-kn-n-n F-XmWv Imc-Ww, ]\n apX-
emb km[m-cW tcmK- ]nSn-s]-Sp-tm
CXn\p ImcWw ]Yy-t-SmWv Fv sshZy-\-
m--bm-fn\pw a\-n-em-mw. CXp-t]mse
temI-n hnhn[ kpJ-Zpx-J--fpsS G-p-
dhp Iv ]qh-P-s A\p-am-\n--dn-bm--
sX- p- s Im- mWv ? IqSmsX ]qh- P w
Dsv AwKo-I-cn-m ]w Cuiz-c
]- ] m- X o- b mbno- c pw. ]m]w sNmsX
Zmcn{Zyw aqVX apX- e mb ZpxJ- - s fbpw
]qhmPn-X-amb ]pWyw IqSmsX A[n-Imcw
kv XpS-nb kpJ-sfbpw Pohm-flm-
hn\p \ev I n- b - s X- s\? ]qh- P - - n
sNbvXn-p ]pWy-]m-] - -\p-kc - nv kpJ-
Zpx-J- \evIp-tm-gm-Is Cuiz-c \ymb-
Im-cn-bmbn hn-p-p.
tNmZyw: Hcp Pw am{Xta Ds-n-cn-
nepw Cuiz-c\v \ymb-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-m
Ign-bpw. khm-[n-]-\mb cmPmhv sNp--
sXmw \ymbw Xs-bm-Wv. tXm-m-c
Xs tXm- n sNdpXpw hep- X p- a mb
hr- \p-h-fp-p. Ah-bn Nne-
Xns\ Ah shn sNdp-Xm-p-p. Nne-Xns\
]ngpXp If- b p- p. Nne- X ns\ cnv
hfn-he - p-Xm-pp. ssIh-i - p-X - ns\
Cjv S w t]mse sNmw. ampw AXp
tNmZn-m Ah-Im-ia - n-. Cuiz-c kthm-
]-cn-bmb \ymbm-[n-]-\m-Wv. amcpw At-l-
s inn-p-I-bn-. Bscbpw Cuiz-c\p
`b-s-Sm-\p-an-.
Dcw: Cuiz-cs al-Xzhpw ]qPy-X-bpw,
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
\ymbw CjvS-s-Sp--Xnepw sNp--Xnepw
A\ymbw sNm-Xn-cn-p--Xnepw A[n-jvTn-X-
am-Wv. \ymb-tSv sNbvXm Cuiz-c Am-
Xm- I pw. tXm- m- c bpn- b n- msX hgn-
bntem atmacw hfp-Ibpw sh-cp-Xm--
hsb shp-Ibpw ]mgva-c- hfp-Ibpw
\-a-c- hfm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--
]w \nn-X-\m-hp-Itb Dq. AXp-t]mse
AIm-c-W-ambn {]hn-m Cuiz-c-\nepw
B tZmjw hcpw. Cuiz-c \ymbm-\p-kr-X-am-
bn-s {]hn--Ww, Cuiz-c kz`m-
th\ ]hn-{X\pw \ymb-Im-cn-bp-am-Wv. AXn-\m
D--s\-tmse hXpw sNbvXm temI-
nse \ \ymbm-[n-]-t\-m Xmgv-h\pw
A\m-Z-c-Wo-b-\p-am-bn-tm-Ipw. tbmKy-Xtbm
kXvam-\p-jvTm-\tam Cm--bm-fn\v _lp-
am- \ hpw Zpjv I r- X y- sNm- - b m- f n\v
inbpw \Ip- - b m \ny\pw At{i-
jvT\pw BhpI-bnt? AXn-\m Cuiz-c Hcn-
epw A\-bmkw {]hn-p-n-. Xn-
anw Xs Bscbpw `b-s-Sp-p-an-.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c Bp F{X sImSp-
m-sav apIqn Xocp-am-\n--{Xbpw \Ip-
Ibpw Fp-sN--W-sap Xocp-am-\n-Xp
sNp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Dcw: Cuiz- t c Pohm- fl m- - f psS
Ias A\p-k-cn-n-cn-p-p, adn--, As-
n Cuiz-c A]-cm-[nbpw A\ym-b-m-c-\p-
am-Ipw.
tNmZyw: kpJ-Zpx-J- hen-b-hpw
sNdn-bh - pw Xpey-am-Wv., hen-bh - v hen-
b-hn-Nm-cw, sNdn-b-hp sNdn-b-hn-Nmcw
A{Xtb hyXym-k-ap-q. Hcp henb hym]m-
cnv tImS-Xn-bn ew cq]-bpsS tIkp-
m- b n- c pp Fp hnNm- c n- p- I . B
tIkns Bh-iy-n\v th\m-ev ]-
n Ibdn Am-Sn-bnqSn tImS-Xn-bn-
te-p t]mIp-p, Abm Ans\ t]mIp-
Xp Inv Adn-h n-m P\- ]d-
bpp: ""t\mp-I, ]pWy-]m-] - f - psS ^ew.
Hcp- ]-n kpJ-ambn Ccn-p-p. ap-
- h sNcp- p- t ]mepw CSmsX apI- f n
\npw Xmsg-\npw NqSpw klnv ]p
Npa-p-sImp \S-p-p.'' Fm tImSnXn
ASp-p-tmdpw hym]m-cnp hnj-ahpw kwi-
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
b-fpw ]v Npa-p--hp ktm-
jhpw hn-p-sav _pn-am-m-cm-b-hv
Adn- b mw. tImS- X n- b n sNs- p- t m-
tgpw I-h-S-m-c-\v, ""ho-ens ASp-
tem inc- k v X m- Z m- c psS ASp- - t etm
t]mtI- Xv ? Cp Rm Pbn- ptam
tXmevptam Bthm'' Fs-m-amIpw Nn-
I. ]-s-Sp-p--h-cm-I-s, ]pI-h-env
shSn ]dv kpJ-ambn InS-p-d-pw. Pbn-
m hym]m- c nv Ipd- s mcp a\pJw
tXmpw. tXmm km- ] - k - a p- { Z- n
Bp-t]m-b-Xp-X-s. Fm Npa-p-Im-cm-
I-s, apt-t]mse Xs Ccn-pp. CXp-
t]mse cmPm-hnv kp-chpw arZp-hp-amb
sa-ta InS-mepw thKw Ddw hcp-n-
. Iqen-th-e-m Ipw apw \nd
Ippw XS-hp-amb ev InS-mepw thKw
Dd-p-p. C{]-Imcw Fm Imcy--fnepw
{Kln-p-sIm-p-I.
Dcw: Am-\n-I-fpsS hnNm-c-am-WnXv
B hym]m-cn-tbmSv ""\o ]p Npa-p-Im-c-\m-
bn- s mq'' Fp ]d- m Hcn- epw
tIp-I-bn-. Fm ]p Npp--h-
t\mSv \o hym]m-cn-bm-Iptm Fp tNmZn-m
AXn-\n-jvSs- -Sp-X- m-Wv. kpJ-Zpx-J
- Xpey-
am-sW-n Ah-\h - s Ah-sb Dt]-nv
Db-ht\m Xmgv-ht\m BIm Bcpw
CjvS-s-Sp-I-bn-. t\mq. Hcp Pohm-flmhv
hnZzm-\pw, ]pWym-flm-hpw, {ioam-\p-amb cmPm-
hns cmn-bpsS K`-n {]th-in-p-p.
asmcp Poh alm Zcn-{Zbpw ]pp-sNn
hnevp--Xp-amb Hcp kv{XobpsS K`-n
P\n-p-p. Hn\p K`w apXv Fm kpJ-
fpw at-Xn\v Fm ZpxJ-fpw e`n-p-p.
]nd--bp-Ss\ Hns\ kpK--P-e-n Ipfn-
n-p-p. bpn-]qhw ]pn apdn-p-p.
ape IpSnbpw apw thpw hw \S-p-p.
AXn\v ]m th-tm I-hpw apw
tNv ]m CjvSw t]mse \Ip-p. Ipfn-
n-p-hm `rXycpw Ifn-p-hm Ifn-tm-p-
Ifpw kpe-`w. FSp-p-sImp \S-p-hm\pw
emfn-p-hm\pw sImm-c-n kuI-cy-
Fmapv. at-Xm-I-s, P\n-p--Xp-Xs
Imn. AXns\ Ipfn-n-p-hm shhpw
IqSn Dm-hn-. ]mIp-Sn-p-hm sImXn-m
188
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
Inp- Xv {]lcam- b n- c n- pw. Xe- X - n- - c -
mepw Bcpw Xncn-p-t\m-p-Ib - n-., Cs
]pWy-]m-]- sNmsX Pohm-flm-p
kpJ-Zpx-J- \Ip ]w Cuiz-cs
t]cn A]- h m- Z - a p- m- I pw. IqSmsX
bmsXmpw sNmsX kpJ-Zpx-J- A\p-`-
hn-p-sa-n ac-Wm-\-cw kzK-\-c-I-
k-ev]n-t Bh-iy-hp-an-. Fs-m
Cuiz-c Cu Pn kpJ-Zpx-J- Ia-
-fn-msX Xn-p-X - p-t]mse ac-Wt- i-jhpw
Xs CjvS-{]-Imcw Hcp-h\p kzKhpw CX-
c\v \c-Ihpw \Ipw. ]ns-n-\mWv [aw
A\p- j v T n- p- Xv ? Fm Pohm- fl m- fpw
A[a-\n-c-X-cm-hpw,. Fsm [-ns
^ee_v [ n kwi- b m- k v ] - Z - a m- W - t m. AXv
Cuiz-cs ssIh-i-am-Wv. CjvS-ap--hp
sImSp- pw. Atm ]m]w sNp- - X n
Bpw `banmXmIpw. temI-n [-
-bhpw ]m]-hr-nbpw kw`-hnpw, AXn-
\m ]qh- P - - nse ]pWy- ] m- ] - -
f\pkcnv h-am\ Phpw h-am-\-P--
ntebpw ]qh-P--n-tebpw Ia--f-\p-k-
cnv `mhn-P-hpw kw`hn-p-p.
Poh Xpeyw
tNmZyw : a\p-jy-tbpw arK--fp-tSbpw
ico-c-nse Poh Htc C\tam AtXm
sht-tdtbm?
Dcw : Pohm-flm- Htc C\w Xs,
Fm ]m]-]p-Wy--f-\p-k-cnv aen-\hpw
]hn-{X-hp-am-bn-cn-p-p.
hn`n-t- bm-\n-I
tNmZyw :-- a\pjys Poh arKm-Zn-If- nepw
Ah-bpsS Poh a\p-jy-\nepw kv{Xo Poh
]pcp-j-\nepw ]pcp-j-Po-h kv{Xo ico-c-
nepw hcn-Ibpw t]mIp-Ibpw sNptam?
Dcw : sNpw, ]m]w hn-p-Ibpw
]pWyw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-tm a\p-jym-
flmhv arKmZn \oN-tbm-\n-bnepw [w A[n-
Ihpw ]m]w Ipd-hp-am-Ip-tm tZh-m-cpsS
AXm-bXv hnZzmam-cpsS -ic
- o-cs
- bpw {]m]n-
p- p. ]pWy- ] m] XpeyamIp- t m
km[m-cW a\p-jy-Pw e`n-p-p. AXn
Xs D-a a[y-a \nIrjvS ico-cmZn kma-
{KnI e`npw. ]m]m-[n-Iys arK-i-co-c--
kXym-{]-Im-iw
fn A\p-`-hn-sm-S-p-nb tijw ]pWy]m]-
Xpey-am-Ip-tm hopw a\p-jy-i-co-
cs {]m]n-pp. CXp-t]mse A[n-I-]p-
Wys A\p-`-hn--tijw aykvYamb a\p-
jy-i-co-c-sbpw {]m]n-p-p.
ac-Whpw Phpw
Poh ico-c-n\np t]mIp--Xn-s\-
bmWv ac-W-sap ]d-bp--Xv. ico-c-hp-ambn
Poh kwtbm-Pn-n-p-X - ns t]cmWv Pw.
Poh thsp Ign-m bam-e-b-n
AYhm BIm-i--amb hmbp-hn hkn-p-
p. ""bat\ hmbq\m'' 14 Fp thZ-hm-Iy-
ap--Xn-\m ba hmbp-hm-Wv. Kcp-U-]p-cm-W-
nse ba- \ - . Cu hnj- b - s - n ]Xn-
s\mmw kap-m-k-n hni-Z-ambn \ncq-
]Ww sNp- - X m- W v . ]noSv [a- c m- P
AYhm kth-iz-c B Po-hs ]m]-]p-
Wy--f-\p-k-cnv AXn\v Pw \Ip-p.
B Poh Cuiz-cs t{]c-W-bm hmbp,
Aw, Pew Fn-h-bn-eqsStbm AYhm ico-
c-n-ep On{Z--fnIqSntbm A\y-i-co-c-
n {]th-in-p-p. ]noSv {Ita-W-ho-cy-
nepw K`-nepw nXn sNbvXv, icocw
[cn-nv ]pdp hcp-p. Hcp kv{XobpsS
icocw [cn- hn- [ - a p Ia-
sNbvXn-p ]w kv{Xo ico-c-nepw Hcp
]pcp-js ico-c-e-_v[np X-Ia--fmWp
sNbvXn-p--sX-n ]pcp-j-i-co-c-nepw
{]th-in-p-p. \]pw-k-I-am-bn- P-\n-p-Xv
K`m-[m\ ka-bp kv{Xo ]pcpjmcpsS
ico- c - k wtbmKm- e p- m- I p cPkpw
tcXkpw Xpey-am-I-bm-em-Wv. Pohm-flmhv D-
a-amb Iaw, D]m-k-\, PvRm\w Fn-h-bm
tamw km-Zn-p--Xp-hsc C-s\-bp
hnhn[ P\- \ - a - c - W - - f n InS- p- g - e p- p.
Fm D-a-amb Ia-fpw apw A\p-jvTn-
m a\p-jy-cn DXvIr-jvS-amb Pw e`n-p-
Ibpw tam-n alm-Iev] Imew hsc P\-
\-a-cW ZpxJ--sfm-pw- Iq-SmsX B\--n
hn-m-hp--Xp-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: apIXn Hcp Pw sImtm
14 bPqcvthZw 38.9 \v iX-]Yw 14.2.2.11 se hymJym-\w.
bta tbm f bw (hm-bp) ]htX Fp ImWp-p.
189
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
At\Iw P- sImtm e`n-p-Xv?
Dcw : At\Iw P- sImv.
`nZytX lrZ-b-{K-n-n-Zyt kcvh-kw-
ibmx; obt Nmky IamWn Xkvan
ZrjvtS-]-cm-h-tc. (ap.-D.2.2.8)
Cu Pohm-flm-hns lrZ-b-nse AhnZy
AYhm Am-\-am-Ip _w Ap-t]m-Ip-
Ibpw kI-e-kw-i-b-fpw \in-p-Ibpw ]m]-
Ia- bn-p-Ibpw sNp-tm am{Xta
Cu Poh AIpw ]pdpw Fpw hym]n-
n-cn-p ]c-am-flm-hn \nh-kn-p-Ibpq.
apn, ebtam?
tNmZyw: apn-bn Pohm-flmhv ]c-am-
flm-hn ebn-p-t]m-Iptam AtXm thdnv
nXn-sN-p-pthm?
Dcw :- thdnv nXn-sN-p-p.-Po-h
ebnp t]mbm ]ns apn-kpJw A\p-`-
hn-p--Xmcv ? tam-km-[-\-I-sfmw \njv^-
e- - f m- h p- I bpw sNpw. AXp apn- b - .
Pohs {]f-ba - m-sWv a\-n-em-W- w. Poh
Cuiz-cs Bm-]m-e-\w, kXvIa-
kwKw, tbmKm-`ymkw Fn-h-sN-p-Ibpw
app ]d km[-\-I-sfmw A\p-jvTn-p-
Ibpw sNp-tm am{Xta tamw e`n-p-
p-q.
kXyw m\- a - \ w {_tbm thZ
\nlnXw Kplmbmw ]c- t a- t hym- a ;
tkmiv\ptX khm Imam kl
{_Wm hn]-n-tXXn (ssX. D.{_ h. 1)
Xs _pn-bnepw Bflm-hnepw nXn-sN-
p kXy-hpw, m\hpw A\--amb B\-
-kz-cq-]-\p-amb ]c-am-flm-hns\ Adn-bp
Pohm-flmhv kh-hym-]n-bmb B {_-n
Ccpv B hn]-nv AYhm A\--hn-Zym-
bp--amb {_-tm-sSm-cp-anv Fm Ima--
sfbpw AXm-bXv B{K-ln-p B\---sf-
sbmw {]m]n-p-p. CXmWv apn.
tNmZyw: ico-ca - n-msX euIn-Ik- p-J
- thc hrw \in-p-p. AXp-t]mse ]m]-
A\p-`-hn-m Ign-bm--Xp-t]mse apn-
bn ico- c - a n- msX Fs\ kpJ- a - \ p- ` -
hnpw?
15 t]Pv 374 kh-Xz-am-[n-Im-cn-Iav F aoamwkm kq{X-
{]-Imcw ]qW-m-\nv m\-h-\hv F{X-bm-
Imtam A{Xbpw sImv ]qW-Xs - b-Y-am-Wv.
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
Dcw: CXn-\p-cw apv ]d--Xm-Wv.
15
I
- p-dp IqSn ]d-bmw. tIp-I. Pohm-flmhv
euIn-Ik - p-J
- A\p-`h - n-p-Xv ico-cs
B{i-bn-m-Wv. AXp-t]mse Cuiz-cs\ B{i-
bn-mWv Pohm-flmhv tamm-\w A\p-`h - n-p-
-Xv. tamw {]m]n Pohm-flmhv A\-hpw
hym]-I-hp-amb {_-n kzw hnl-cn-p-
p.
ip-m-\-m kI-e-kr-jvSn-I-tfbpw
Iv, CX-c-ap-m-flm--fp-ambn kl-h-kn-p-
p. krjvSn-hn-Zy-Isf {Ia-n I-dnp-
sImv temI-tem-Im--c--fn AXmbXv
Zriyhpw AZr-iy-hp-amb Fm temI--fnepw
hnl-cn-p-p. AXns m\-n\pw AXo-
X-amb FmhkvXp--tfbpw I-dn-bp-p.
m\w F{X-b-[n-I-cn-p-pthm AXn-\-\p-k-
cnv B\-hpw A[n-I-cn-p-p.
kzKhpw \c-Ihpw
apn-bn Pohm-flmhp \na-e-\m-I-bm
]qW-m-\n-bm-hp-Xpw, Adn-b-s-Sm
kI-e] - Z- mY-f- p-sSbpw bYmY-m\w e`n-
p--Xp-amWv Cu kpJ-hn-ti-j-ns\ kzK-
sapw hnj-bX - r-jvWbnsv A\p-`h
- n-p
ZpxJ hnti-j-n\v \c-I-sapw ]d-bpp.
kzx, kpJ-\m-aam-Wv. kzx kpJw KXn bkvan
k kzcvKx AtXm hn]-cotXm ZpxJ t`mKm
\cI CXn'' kmwkm- c n- I - k pJw kmam\y
kzKhpw ]c-{_--{]m-]vXn-bn \np-f-hm-
Ip ]c-am-\w hnti-j-kzKhpw BWv.
Pohm-flm--sfmw kpJw {]m]n-m\pw ZpxJ-
ZqcoI-cn-m\pw kz`m-th\ A`n-e-jn-p-
p. ]t ]m]-sf XyPn-p-Ibpw [aw
A\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp XpS-p--Xp-hsc
Ahp kpJw Inp-Itbm ZpxJw Cm-Xm-hp-
Itbm C. Fs-m ImcWw \ne-\n-evp-
tm AXv Hcn-epw \in-p-n-. Ont
aqte hrtm \iyXn XYm ]mt]-otW
ZpxJw \iy-Xn,
a-I-n-bm ZpxJhpw \in-pw.
]m]-]p-Wy- KpW-
]pWy-]m-]
- f
- psS hnhn[ KXn-It- f-n a\p-
kvarXnbn hWn-p-Xp t\mpI:
1. am\kw a\-ssk-hm-b-ap-]-`pwt ip`mf
190
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
ip`w. hmNm hmNm IrXw Ia Imtb-ss\-
hN Imbn-Iav.
2. ico-cssPx Icva tZm-ssj-cymXn mh-
cXmw \cx hmNnssI ]n-ar-KXmw am\-ssk-
cy PmXn-Xnav.
3. tbm bssZjmw KptWm tZtl kmI-
tey-\m-Xn-cn-NytX, k XZm XZvKp-W-{]mb. Xw
ItcmXn ico-cn-Wav
4. kXzw m\w Xtamf m\w cmK-
tZzju cPx kvarXw, GXZv hym]vXn
atZtXjmw kcvh-`q-Xm-{inXw h]px
5. X{X bXv {]oXn kwbpw Inw NnZm-
fl\n e-tbXv {]im anh ipm`w kXzw
XZp-]-[m-c-tbXv.
6. bp ZpxJ-kambp-a-{]o-Xn-I-c-am-
fl\x, X{ZtPf {]Xn]w hnZym--XXw lmcn
tZln-\mav.
7. bp kymtml kwbp--a-hyw
hnjbm-fl-Iav, A{]-Xcvy-a-hn-tbw Xa-
kvX-Zp-]-[m-c-tbXv
8. {Xbm-Wm-a]n ssNtXjmw KpWm\mw bx
^tem-Zbx, At{Kym at[ym PL-\y-nXw
{]h-ym-ay-ti-jXx
9.-th-Zm-`ym-kk
- vXt]mm\w iuN-an-{nb
\n{Klx [cva {Inbm-fl-Nnm N kzmXznIw
KpW-e--Wav.
10. Bcw-`-cp-NnXmf ss[cy-a-kXv Imcy-]-cn-
{Klx, hnj-tbm-]-tkhm NmP{kw cmP-kw
KpW-e--Wav.
11. tem`x kz]vt\m- [ rXnx {Iucyw
\mkvXnIyw `n-hr-nXm bmNn-jvWpXm
{]am-Z Xmakw KpW-e--Wav.
12. bXvIcva-IrXzm Ipcvhw Icnjyw
ssh eXn, Xtbw hnZpjm kcvhw
Xmakw KpW-e--Wav.
13. tb\m-kvan IcvaWm temtI JymXn-
an-Xn ]pjvI-emav, \N timNXy kw]u
XZzn-tbw Xp cmP-kav.
14. bcvth-tW-Xn mXpw b ePvP-
Xn-Nm-Nc- , tb\ XpjyXn Nmflmky XXz
KpW-e--Wav.
15. Xatkm eWw Imtam cPk
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kvXzcvY DNytX, kXz-ky-e-Ww [ax
ss{ijvTy-tajmw btYm--cav
a\p. A. 12. tm. 8,9,25-33, 35-38)
1. a\p-jy C{]-Imcw Ah-\h - s D-ahpw
a[y- a hpw \n- I rjv S - h p- a mb kz`m- h - sf
Adnv D-ak - z-`m-hs ssIsm-p-Ibpw
a[ya \nIrjv-S-sf XyPn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
Pohm-flmhv a\m sNp ip`hpw Aip-`-hp-
amb GXp Ia-n-sbpw ^ew a\p-sIm-
pw, hmp- s Imp sNp- - X ns ^ew
hmp-sImpw ico-cw-sImp sNp--Xns
^ew icocw sImpw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
2. GsXmcp a\p-jy ico-cw-sImv tamj-
aw, ]c-kv{Xo-K-a-\w, t{ijvTsc h[n-pI apX-
emb Zpjv I a- sNp- pthm Ah\v
hrmZn mh- c - - f psS Phpw hmp-
sImp ]m]-Ia- sNp--h\v ]n-ar-
Km-Zn-I-fpsS Phpw a\-p-sImv ZpjvIa-
sNp--h\v NWvUm-em-Zn-I-fpsS Phpw
Inp-p.
3. Cu ico-c-n GXp KpWw A[n-I-am-
bn-ptm AXv Cu Pohm-flm-hns\ AXn-\-\p-
k-cn--Xmbn Xop-p.
4. Bflm-hn m\-ap-f-f-tm kXz-Kp-
Wapspw, Am-\-ap-m-Ip-tm Xtam-
Kp-Wa - p-s-pw, Bflm-hn\v cmKt-Zz-jm-Zn-If - n
Bk- n- b p- m- I p- t m cmtPm- K p- W - a m-
sWpw Adn-b-Ww. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Cu aqp
KpW- PK-n-ep-ff kIe hkvXp--fnepw
hym]n-n-cn-p-p.
5. Ahsb hnth-Nn--dn-tb--Xn--s\-bmWv:-
- Bflm-hn {]k--Xbpw, a\n {]im-
-Xbpw \na-e-amb m\hpw Df-f-Xm-bn-cn-
p-tm kXz-KpWw apnp \nevp-spw
ctPm-Kp-Whpw Xtam-Kp-Whpw A{]-[m-\--fm-
sWpw {Kln--Ww.
6. Bflmhpw a\pw ZpxJ-]qWhpw A{]-
k-hpw Bbn hnj-b--fn Npn-Xn-cn-bp-hm
XpS-p-tm ctPm-KpWw {][m-\-am-sWpw
kXz-Kp-Whpw Xtam-Kp-Whpw A{]-[m-\--fm-
sWpw Adn-b-Ww.
7. taml- n AXm- b - X v , kmwkm- c nI
hkvXp--fn Bflmhpw a\pw apgp-In-bp-g-
191
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
ep-tm, Bflm-hnepw a\nepw hnthIw
Cm-Xm-Ip-tm, hnj-bm-k-hpw {]Xn-I-c-
W-cl- n-Xhpw Bbn m\-k - m-Z\
-
- n\p Ign-
bmsX hcp-tm Fn Xtam-KpWw {][m-
\-am-sWpw kXz-KpWw ctPm-KpWw Fnh
A{]-[m-\--fm-sWpw \n-b-am-n-sm-f-f-
Ww.
8. Cu aqp KpW-f - p-tSbpw Daw, a[yaw
A[aw Fo ^e-{]m-]vXn-Is - f-n ]qW-ambn
]dbmw.
9. thZ--fpsS Ay-b-\w, [am-\p-jvTm-\w,
m\-h-\-hv. ]cn-ip--X-bvp-ff C,
C{n-b-\n-{K-lw, [a-hr-n, Bfl-Nn-\w
Fn-h-bmWv kXz-Kp-W-ns e-Ww.
10. ctPm-KpWw _e-h-m-Ibpw kXz-KpWw
Xtam-KpWw Fnh Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-tm
Iam-cw-`-n Dm-lw, ss[cyan-m-bva,
ZpjvIr-Xy--fn {]hr-n, hnj-b-kp-Jm-\p-`-
h-n \nc--c-amb B{Klw Fn-h-sbmw
DmIpw Atm Xn ctPm-KpWw {][m-
\-am-bn-cn-p-sv Adn-b-Ww.
11. Xtam- K pWw {]_- e - h pw, ap cpw
oWn-Xhpw BIp-tm ]m]--fp-sS-sbmw
aqe-amb tem`w hn-pw. ISp Ae-k-X,
Dd-w, ss[cy-cm-ln-Xyw, {IqcX, \mkvXn-Iyw-
-th-Z--fnepw Cuiz-c-\nepw {i-bn-m-bva
Ax-I-c-W-ns hn`n--hr-n-IGIm-{K-
Nn-a - n-mbva, Zpxkz-`m-h - f- n{]Xn-]n apX-
em-bh Dm-Ip-p. Ch-sbmw hn Xtam-
Kp-W - ns e-W - f - m-sWp {Kln-W - w.
12. AXp-t]mse Ah-\h - s Bflmhv GsX-
nepw Hcp {]hrn sNbvX-Xn-\p-ti-jtam
sNp-tmtgm sNp-hm hnNm-cn-p-tmtgm
e, `bw, i Fn-h-bp-m-bm Xtam-
KpWw hn-n-cn-p-sp a\-kn-em--Ww.
13. GsX-nepw Iaw sImv temI-{]-i-
kvXn-t\-Sp-hm B{K-ln-p-Ibpw Zmcn{Zyw
Ds-nepw kvXpXn-]m-TI - mv ]Ww \Ip-
Xv \nm- X n- c n- p- I bpw sNp- t m
Xn ctPm-KpWw {]_-e-am-sW-pw Adn-b-
Ww.
14. a\p-jys Bflmhv Fm-bn-S-p-\npw
Adn-hp-t\-Sp-hm B{K-ln-p-I-bpw, kXvIr-
Xyfn e-bn-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw, Bflm-
hnZyA-hn-Zy--_\w--tamw
hns {]k--X-bvp-X-Ip Iaw sNp-I-
bpw, AXm-bXv [am-N-c-W-n am{Xw A`n-
cpNn Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-tm Xn kXz-
KpWw {]_-e-sav a\-kn-em--Ww.
15. Xtam-Kp-W-ns eWw Ima-am-Wv.
ctPm-Kp-W-ns eWw [\-k-m-Z-\-n-
\p-ff A`n-em-jh- pw, kXz-Kp-W
- ns eWw
[am-\p-jvTm-\-hp-am-Wv. Xtam-Kp-W-t-m
ctPm-Kp-W-hpw, ctPm-Kp-W-t-m kXz-Kp-
Whpw t{ijvT-am-Ip-p.
kXzm-Zn-Kp-W-fpw Phpw
GtXXp KpW- GtXXv KXn-bn-tev
Pohs\ \bn-pp Fv FgpXmw:
1. tZhXzw kmXznIm bmn a\p-jy-Xzw
N cmPkmx, Xncvzw Xmakm \nXy-an-
tXyjm {Xnhn[m KXnx
2. mhcmx Iran IoSm--aymx kcv]m-
-I--]mx 16 , ]i-h--ar-Km-ssizh PL-
\ym-Xm-ako KXnx.
3. lkvXn-\ Xpcw-Km-- ip{Zm tm
KcvlnXmx knwlm-hym{Lm hcm-lm a[y-
am -Xm-ako KXnx.
4. Nmc-Wm kp]cvWm ]pcp-js - sh
Zmw`nImx, cmwkn N ]nim-Nm Xma-ko-
jq-am KXnx.
5.Xv[m am \Sm-ssh ]pcp-jmx- i-kv{X-
hr-bmx ZyqX-]m-\-{]-k-m PL-\ym-cm-
Pko KXnx
6. cmPm\x {Xn-bm-ssh cmmw
ssNh ]ptcm-lnXmx hmZ-bp {][m-\m
ayam cmPko KXnx.
7. Kcvhm KplyIm bm hn_p-[m-\p-
N-cm-tbx, XssY-hm-]vk-ckx kcvhm cmP-
ko-jq--am-KXnx.
8. Xm]km bXtbm hn{]mtb N ssham-
\nIm KWmx, \{XmWn N ssZXym
{]Yam kmXznIo KXnx.
9.-bP
- zm\ Ejtbm tZhm thZm tPymXowjn
hcmx, ]nXm-c-ssh km[ym-- Zzn-Xobm
kmXznIo KXnx.
10. {_m hniz-krtPm [cvtam alm-\-hy-
16 a\p-kvar-Xn-bn kcv]mx kI-]x Fp ]mTw
192
 H]Xmw kap-mkw
-ta-hN, Daw kmXzn-Io-taXmw KXn-am-
lpcva-\o-jWx
11. C{n-bmWmw {]kw-tK\ [cva-kym-tk-
h-t\-\N, ]m]m kwbmn kwkm-cm-\-hn-
Zzmwtkm \cm-[amx (a-\p.12.40.42-50, 52)
(a-\p.12.40,42--50,52)
1. kmXzn-I-cmb a\p-jy tZham-cp-sSbpw
hnZzmam-cp-sS-bpw cmtPm-Kp-W - m a-[y-ac - mb
a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw, Xtam-Kp-W - m A[-ac - p-tSbpw
KXnsb {]m]n-p-p.
2. AXyw Xtam-Kp-Wn-I-fm-b-h hrm-Zn-
m-hc hkvXp--fp-tSbpw Iran,-Io-Sw, ayw,-
kw, -B-a, -]-ip, -am Fn-h-bp-tSbpw
Ps {]m]n-p-p.
3. a[y-aa- mb Xtam-Kp-W - mv iq{Z,-t-,
\ny Ia- sNp--h Fn-h-cp-sSbpw
B\, IpXn-c,-knw-lw,-]p-en,-]n Fn-h-bp-
tSbpw Pw e`n-pp
4. D-a-amb Xtam-Kp-W-mv kvXpXn-]m-
T-I-cp-tSbpw at\m-l-c-]-n-I-fp-tSbpw kzkp-
J-n-\mbn Bfl-{]-iwk sNp--Uw-`-cp-tS-
bpw, -knw-lIcmb cm-k-m-cp-tSbpw, aZy-]m-
\n- I Zpcm- N m- c nI amen\y hmkn- I ,
ss]im-Nn-I-hr-n-m apX-em-b-h-cp-tSbpw
P-sf {]m]n-p-p.
5. A[-a-am-b- ctPmKpW-mv Bcm-m-c-
m, Ipm-en-n-f-Im, hnm, RmWn-
t Iqm-Sn-I, Imhm, aZy-] apX-
emb P- e`n-p-p,-A-[-a-amb ctPm-Kp-
W-^-e-am-Wn-h
6. ay-a-amb ctPm-Kp-W-ap--h cmPm-
am- c p- t Sbpw {Xn- b - ] p- t cm- l n- X - m- c p-
sSbpw, hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-n hnZ--Kvcp-tSbpw,
ZqXam-cp-sSbpw, hoem-cp-tS-bpw, tk\m-hn-
`m- K - ns Ay- - m- c p- t Sbpw Ps
{]m]n-p-p.
7. D-a-amb ctPm-Kp-W-ap-f-f-h Kh-
cpsS (Kmb-I-cp-sS)bpw hmZy-ta-f-m-cp-tSbpw
b-m-cpsS (]W-m-cp-sS)bpw hnZzm-m-cpsS
`rXy-cp-tSbpw A]vk-c-p-I-fp-tSbpw AXn
ku-cy-ap-ff kv{XoI-fp-tS-bpw--P--s- {]m-]n-
p-p.
8. X]-kzn-I, bXn-I, k\ym-kn-am, thZ-
]m-Tn-I, ssham-\n-I, tPmXnxim-kv{X--
kXym-{]-Im-iw
m, ssZXy-m--tZ-l-t]m-j-IF-n-h-cpsS
Pw e`n-p-Xv A[-a-amb kXz-Kp-W-ns
^e-am-sWv {Kln-p-I.
9. ay-aa - mb kXz-Kp-Wa - p-ff
- h
- bmn-I,
thZmY-a-dn-bp hnZzm-m, thZw, sshZyp-Xn,
Imew, Fn-h-tb--n-bp-ff hnZy-I A`y-kn-
n-p-f-f-h-cp-tSbpw c-I-m-cp-tSbpw m\n-
I-fp-tSbpw kmy--cp-tSbpw Imcy-kn-nv
tkhn-t Kpcp P\--fp-sSbpw Ps
{]m]n-p-p.
10. D-a-amb kXz-Kp-W-ap-f-f-hcpw D-a-
Ia- A\p- j v T n- p- hcpw {_m
AYhm kh- t h- Z - t h- m- Bbpw
"hnizkrPm' AYhm kIe krjvSn-hn-Zy-I-
tfbpw {Klnv hnam\w apX-emb hnhn-[-bm-\-
sf \nan- p- - h - c mbpw [man- I - c mbpw
henb _pn-am-m-cmbpw {]Ir-Xn-tb-tmepw
kzm[o-\s - -Sp-nb kn-m-cmbpw P\n-p-p.
11. C{n-b-v hwi-h-Z-cm-bn, hnj-b-kp-
Jm-k--cmbn [as XyPn-v, A[a-am-N-
cn-p Adn-hn-m--h a\p-jy-cn \oNhpw
ZpxJ-a-b-hp-amb Ps {]m]n-p-p.
Cs\ kXz-cP - k
- vXt- am-Kp-W - f- psS {]hr-
n-bm Poh A\p-jvTn-p Ia--f-\p-
k-cn-p-ff ^e--sf-s A\p-`-hn-p-p.
Nn-hrn \ntcm[w
apap-p--fm-I-s. KpWm-Xo-X-m-cm-bnv
AXm-bXv KpW--fpsS kz`m-h-n s]SmsX
alm tbmKn-I-fm-bn, tam km[-\-I A\p-
jvTn--Ww. Fs-m
1. tbmK-n hrn \ntcm[x
(tbm. Z. 1. 2)
2. XZm {ZjvSpx kzcq-t]f-h-m-\-av. (Sn 1. 3)
]mX-e tbmK-Zi\ kq{X--fm-Wn-h.
1. cP-kv, Xa-kv, Fo KpW--fp-ff Ia-
-fn \np am{X-a-, ip-amb kXz-Kp-W-
tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ia--fn \npt]mepw a\-
ns\ \ntcm-[nv kXz-Kp-W-n {]Xn-jvTn-
v , ]c- a m- fl m- h nepw [am- \ p- j v T m- \ - nepw
GIm-{K-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn Dd-np \nn, Nn-
hr-n-Isf kIe hnj-b--fn \npw a\p-
jy XSpp \n-Ww.
2. Nnw GIm-{Khpw \ncp-hpw BIp-
193
 kXym-{]-Im-iw BNm-c-m-\m-Nm-c- `yw A`yw

tm Pohm-flmhv kh-{Z-jvSm-hmb Cuiz-

cs kzcq-]-n nXnsNp-p. apn-
bvmbn Cn-[-km-[-\-I sNpI am{X-a;
AY {Xnhn[ ZpxJm-Xy--\n-hr-n-c-Xy--
]p-cp-jmcvYx (kmwJyw 1. 1)
CXp kmwJy Zi-\-nse kq{X-am-Wv.
B[ym-flnIw icoc kw_-n-bmb ZpxJw)
B[n-`u-XnIw (A-\y-Po-hn-I-fn \np-m-
Ip ZpxJw) B[n ssZhnIw (A-Xn-hr-jvSn,
A\m-hr-jvSn, ioXm-[n-Iyw, a\-n-sbpw C{n-
b--fp-sSbpw N-eX Fn-h-bn \np-f-
hm-Ip ZpxJw) Cns\ aqp hn[-n-ep-ff
ZpxJ-sf AI-n--fv tamw km-Zn-p-
I-bmWv ]c-a-amb ]pcp-jmw.
CXnt\ XpSv BNm-c-, A\m-Nm-c-
, `y-, A`-y- Fo hnj-b-
-sf-n Fgp-Xmw.
{ioa--bm-\--k-c-kzXo kzman-I
cNn kXymY-{]-Im-i-nse
hnZym AhnZym _ tam hnj-b-sf
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p
HXmw kap-mkw Ign-p.

194
 ]mw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw

10
]mw kap-mkw

kXym-{]-Imiw
BNm-cm\m-Nm-c, `ym`yw
AY BNm-cm\m-Nm-c, `ym`y hnjbw {]hymax
C\n BNm-c-, A\m-Nm-c, `yw, A`yw Fo
hnj-b--sf-n hymJym-\nmw

[am-\p-kr-X--fmb Ia--fpsS BN-c- am\hx, Cl Ionahm-]vt\mXn t{]Xy-Nm-

Ww, kuio-eyw, kw-Kw, kZzn-Zy-Isf {Kln-
p--Xn-ep-ff A`n-cpNn apX-em-bh BNm-c-
fpw Chbvp hn]-co-X-am-bh A\m-Nm-c--
fp-am-Wv. C\n Ch-tb-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-mw.
1. hnZzZv`nx tkhnXx kZv`ncv\n-Xy-a-tZz-j-
cm-Kn`nx, lrZ-tb-\m-`y-\p-mtXm tbm [a-
kvX-n-t_m-[X
2. Imam-flXm \ {]ikvXm \ ssNth-lm-
kvXy-Im-aXm Imtaym ln thZm-[n-Kax Icva-
tbm-K sshZnIx
3. k-ev]-aqex Imtam ssh bm-k--
ev]-kw-`hmx, {hXm-\n -ba [cvam kcvth
k-ev]Pmx kvarXmx.
4. AIm-aky {Inbm ImNnZv ZriytX t\l
Icvln-NnXv, bZy-n-Ip-cptX InwNnXv X-
XvIm-aky tNjvSn-X-av.
5. thtZmf-Jntem [cva-aqew kvarXn-iote
N XZzn-Zm-av, BNm-c-ssh km[q-\m-am-fl-\-
kvXp-jvSn-tc-hN
6. kcvh- p-ka- t- h-tyZw \nJnew m\-
N- pjm, {ipXn- { ]m- a m- W ytXm hnZzm
kz[cvta \nhn-ti-Xssh
7. {ipXn-kvar-Xyp-ZnXw [cvaa
- \
- pXnjvT ln
\p-aw kpJav
8. {ipXnkvXp thtZm-hn-ttbm [cva-
imkv{Xw Xpssh-kvarXnx, tXkcvhmcvtYjz
aoamwtky Xm`ymw [cvtam-ln-\ncv_-`u.
9. tbmfha-t\yX tX apte tlXp-im-kv{Xm-
{i-bmZv ZznPx, k km[p-`ncv_-ln-jvImtcym
\mkvXntIm thZ-\n-Ix
10. thZx kvarXnx kZm-Nmcx kzkyN {]nb-
am-fl\x, GX--Xphn[w {]mlpx kmm-
cvaky e-W-av.
11. AcvY-Im-ta-jz-k-m-\mw-[a-m\w
hn[o-btX, [cva Pnm-ka - m-\m\mw {]amWw
]caw {ipXnx
12. sshZnssIx Icva`nx ]qssWycv \ntj-
Im-Zn ZznP--\m-av. Imcyw ico-c-kw-kvImcx
]mh\ t{]Xy-tN-lN.x
13. tIimxtjmU- t i- h tj {_m-
Wky hn[o-btX, cmP-\y-_-tmcvZzm-hnwti
sshiy-ky-Zvhy-[n-tI-XXx
(a\p 2 1 4, 6 8, 10, 11 13, 26, 65) 1
1. cmK-tZz-j--fn-m hnZz--\- GXn-
1. CXnse 8mw tmIw aqe-{K--n hnp-t]m-bn. KZy-
n AY-ap--Xn-\m ChnsS tN-Xm-Wv.

195
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
s\-bmtWm \nXyhpw tkh\w sNp--Xv,
lrZbw AYhm Bflmhv bYmY I-hy-
ambn Adn-bp--tX-tXm, AXn-s\-bmWv [a-
ambn KWn-t-Xpw BN-cn-t--Xpw. Cm-
cy-n a\p-jy kZm {i-h-bv-Ww.
2. Cu temI-n AXy--amb Imahpw
\njvIm-ahpw t{ijvTa-
- . Fs-m, thZmY-
m-\{- ]m-]vXnbpw thZ-hn-ln-X - f - mb Ia--
fpsS A\p-jvTm-\hpw Imam-emWv (C--bm-
em-Wv) \S-p--Xv.
3. ""Rm Cm-c-ln-X-\pw, Ima-c-ln-X\pw
BsWtm BI-W-satm Bcp-]-d-mepw
AXp kXy-ta-bm-hn-. Fm Ima-f - pw, b-
kXy-`m-jWw XpS-nb {hX--fpw, baw
\nbaw apX-emb [a-fpw kev-n
\nmWv Dm-Ip--Xv.
4. Fs-m, ssIIm-ep-I, Ip-I,
a\v apX-em-b-h-bpsS Ne-\-{In-b-Ifpw C
sImmWv \S-p--Xv. C-bn-s-n I-S-
bvp-hm\pw Xpd-p-hm\pw Ign-bp--X-.
5. AXn-\m, kq thZ-, a\p-kvar-
Xn, Ejn-{]-Wo-X--fmb imkv{X-, k-
\--fpsS BNmcw Fn-h-bv-\p-Iq-ehpw
Bflm-hn\p {]k--X-bp-f-hm-p--Xpw, `bw,
i,e Fn-hbvp Imc-W-am-Im-Xpw
Bb Ia- A\p-jvTn-p--XmWv DNn-Xw.
Iw ]d-bmt\m tamjvSn-p-hmt\m Hcp-h\v
tXmn-bm Hw, `bw, i, e Fn-hbpw
Xo-bmbpw Ahs Dn Dm-Ip-p. AXn-
\m Acw {]hnI sNp- h m
sImp-I-bn-.
6. Fm imkv{X--tf-bpw, thZ--tf-bpw,
k- \ - - f psS BNm- c - - t f- b pw, kzw
Bflm-hns B\p-Iq-ey-tbpw ]n \mbn
Nnnv m\--p-sImv I--dnv thZm-
\p-Iq-ehpw kzmflm-\p-Iq-ehpw Bb [a-n
{]th-in--Ww.
7. Fs-m, thZ-hn-ln-X-hpw, thZ-hn-cp-
-hp-a-m kvarXn-I-fn ]d-n-p-f-fhbp-
amb [a--f-\p-jvTn-p a\p-jy Cl-tem-
I- n Ion- t bbpw ac- W m- \ - cw
DXvIrjvS kuJy-tbpw {]m]n-p-p.
8. thZ-sf {ipXn Fpw [a-im-kv{X-
sf kv a rXn Fpw ]d- b p- p. Ch- b n
BNm-c-m-\m-Nm-c- `yw A`yw
\nmWv IhymI- h y- - s f- s bmw
\n-bn-t--Xv.
9. thZ--tfbpw thZm-\p-Iq-e-amb B]vX-
{K- - - t fbpw A]- a m- \ n- p a\p- j ys\
k-\- kaq-l-{`-jvS-\m--Ww, Fs-
m, thZ-\n--I\mWv \mkvXn-I.
10. AXn-\m thZ-, kvarXn-I, k-
\- - f psS BNm- c w, kzw Bflm- h ns
m\-n\p hncp--a-m {]hrn Ch
\mepw [a-ns e-W--fm-Wv. AYhm
Ch-bmWv [a-n-te-p-ff hgn-Im-n-I.
11. Fm [\-tem-`w, hnj-bk - p-Jm-`n-emjw
Fn-hbvv ASn-a-s-Sm--bm-fn\p am{Xta
[a- s a- s m\w Dm- h p- I - b p- q.
[as Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-p-h - v ]c-
a-amb {]amWw thZw Xs-bm-Wv.
12. AXn-\m, {_m-W---{Xn-b--ssh-iy-
m kzk- m- \ - v thZ- h n- l n- X - a mb
]pWy-Ia--fm \ntj-ImZn 2 kwkvm-c-
sN-Ww. CuP--nepw ]c-P--nepw
Ah ]hn-{X-am-p--Xm-Wv.
13. {_m-W\p ]Xn-\m-dm-as hb-n-epw,
{Xn-b\p Ccp-]-n-c-m-as hb-nepw
tIim--Iaw--u-chpw apWvU-\hpw\S--
Ww. Cu {Inb Ign-m ]noSp inJ am{Xw
\nn _mn Xe-ap-Snbpw XmSnbpw aoibpw
Fm-bvtmgpw ucw sNbvXv If-b-Ww. Hcn-
epw hf--cp-Xv, Fw. XWpv A[n-
I-ap-ff cmPy--fn apSn hfm-hp--Xm-Wv.
AXyp-jvW-ap-ff cmPy--fn apSn apgp-h-\pw,
IpSp-t- bm-Sp-Iq-Sn, tOZnp If-bW - w. inc-n
apSn Dm-bn-cp-m DjvWw hn-pw. AXp-
\n- a nw _pn- i n Ipd- b pw. XmSnbpw
aoibpw 3 hfn-bm \mbn `-W-]m-
\o-b - Ign-p-hm km[n-p-Ib - n-. Fn
tcma- n- S - b n Xn \np- I bpw
sNpw.
1 C{n-bmWmw hnN-cXmw hnj-tb-jz-]-lm-
cnjp, kwbta bXv\-am-Xn-jvtT-Zzn-Zzm bt-
h-hm-Pn-\m-av.
2 Cn-bmWmw {]kw-tK\ tZmj-ar-X - y-kw-
2. tjmUi kwkvm-c-
3. Nc-I-kw-ln-X8.19 A\p-k-cnv Hcp ]-n aqp
XhW tIi-ao-i-I ucw sN-Ww.
196
 ]mw kap-mkw
i-bav, kn-bay Xp Xmt\yh XXx knnw
\nb--Xn.
3 \ PmXp Imax Imam-\m-ap-]-t`m-tK\
imayXn, lhnjm IrjvW-hcvtflh `qb
Ghm-`n-hcv[-tX.
4 thZm-kvXymK bm \nb-am
X]mwkn N \ hn{]-Zp-jvS-`m-hky knnw
Kn Icvln-Nn-Xv.
5 hti IrtXz-{n-b-{Kmaw kwb-ayN a\-
kvXYm, kcvhm kwkm-[-tb-ZcvYm-\-n-
Wz tbmK XkvX-\p-av.
6 {ipXzm kv]rjvSzmN ZrjvSzmN `pzm-
{LmXzm N tbm \cx, \ lrjyXn KvfmbXn
hm k hnttbm PntX-{nbx.
7 \m]rjvSx Iky-NnZv {_qbm Nm\ym-
tb\ ]rXx Pm\-]n ln ta[mho, PU-h-
tmI BN-tc-Xv.
8 hnw _pcvhbx Icva hnZym `hXn
]ao, GXm\n am\y-m-\m\n Kcotbm
bZy-Zp--cv.
9 Atm `hXn ssh _mex ]nXm `hXn
a{Zx, Aw ln _me-an-Xymlpx ]ntX-
tXyh Xp a{-Z-av.
10 \ lmb-ss\cv\ ]en-ssXcv\ hnt\
\ _p`nx Ej-b--{In-tc-[aw tbm\q-
Nm\x k t\m alm.
11 hn{]mWmw m\tXm ssPyjv T yw
{Xn- b mWmw Xp hocyXx sshiym\mw
[m\y-[-\Xx iq{Zm-Wm-tah P-Xx.
12 \ tX\ hrtm `hXn tb\mky ]enXw
incx tbm ssh bphm-]y-[o-bm-\kvXw tZhmx
hncw hnZpx.
13 bYm-Im-jvT-atbm lkvXo bYm Ncva-
atbm arKx b-hn-t{]m-f\-[o-bm-\{- kbkvtX
\ma _n{`q-Xn.
14 Alnw- k - s sbh `qXm\mw Imcyw
t{itbm- f\p- i m- k - \ av , hmIv s sNh a[p- c m-
ivfvWm {]tbm-Pym-[cva-an--Xm. 4
1. a\-ns\ tamln-nv BIjnv hnj-b-
-fn-tep Nns t{]cn-n-p C{n-b-
4. a\p-kvarXn A[ymbw 2. tmI- 88, 93, 94, 97, 98,
100, 110, 136, 153-157, 159
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sf AS- p- h m {]b- X v \ n- p- - X v , a\p-
jys apJy-amb I-hy-am-Ip-p. tXcmfn
IpXn-c-Isf ISn-m sImv \nb-{nv
t\h-gnv \S-p-X - p-t]mse a\p-jy C{n-
b-sf \nb-{nv A[a-n \nv AIn
[a-amK-n {]hn-n--Ww.
2. Fs-m, C{n-b-sf hnj-bm-k--
-fmn A[a-n {]hn-n-m, a\p-
jy \n-b-ambpw tZmjs {]m]n-p-p.
Ahsb Pbnv [a-amK-n-em-p-tm
A`ojvSw knn-p-p.
3. An-bn C-\hpw s\pw hogvn-
bm An \n-b-ambpw hn-pw. AXp-
t]mse Ima--fpsS D]-t`m-K-m Hcn-epw
Imaw ian-p-Ib - n-. hn-p-Itb Df-fq. AXn-
\m a\p-jy Hcn-epw hnj-bm-k--\m-I-
cp-Xv.
4. APn- t X- { n- b - \ mb ]pcp- j s\ "hn{]-
ZpjvS's\p ]d-bp-p. Ahs thZ-m-\-
hpw, XymK-hpw, A\pjvTn-p- b-
[a Ia- Fn-hbpw k^-e-am-hp-I-bn-.
[man-I\pw PntX-{n-b\ - p-am-sW-nte Ch ^e-
{]-Z-am-Iq.
5. AXn-\m Ap Ita-{n-b--tfbpw
Ap mt\-{n-b--tfbpw ]Xn-s\m-m-a-
t-Xmb a\-n-t\bpw kzbw hi-s-Spn
tbmKy--fmb Blm-c-hn-lm-c- tbmKm-
`ymkw Fn- h - b m ico- c s cnv
khmY-kn-n-h-cp--Ww.
6. kvXpXn-\n--I tIp-tm ktm-
jhpw km- ] - h pw, \Xp kv ] in- m
kpJhpw, Zpjv S kv ] im ZpxJ- h pw,
kucyw ImWp-tm {]km-Zhpw sshcq]yw
ImWp-tm hnjm-Zhpw \Xpw No-bp-amb
Blmcw `n-p-tm kpJm-kp-J--fpw,
kpK--n A`n-cp-Nnbpw ZpK--n
Acp-Nnbpw Dm-Im--bm-fns\ PntX-{n-b-
s\p ]dbp-p.
7. tNmZn- m- - h - t \m- S pw, A\ym- b - a mbn
tNmZn-p--h-t\mSpw adp-]Sn ]d-b-cp-Xv. _pn-
am, Ah-cpsS ap]n PU-k-am\w s]cp-am-
d- W w. I]- S - a n- m- - h pw Pnm- k p-
pw tNmZn-m-sX-X-s, D]-tZiw \evI-
Ww.
197
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
8. [\w, _p-P\ -
- , hb-kv, t{ijvTa - mb
Iaw, D-a-amb hnZy Ch Apw am\y-X-
bpsS m\-f - m-Ip-p. Fm Ch-bn [\-
t-m Daw _\v-[p-hpw, _p-hn-t\-
m hb-pw, hb-n-t\-m kXvIa-hpw,
Ia-t-m ]hn-{X-amb hnZy-bp-f-f-bmfpw
Hn-s\mv A[nIw _lp-am-\s Aln-p-
p.
9. \qdp hb-p-m-bmepw hnZym-`ym-ktam
hnm\tam Cm- - h "_me'\mWv .
Fm hnZybpw hnm- \ hpw \ev I p
_mes\ hr-\mbn KWn--Ww. Fs-m,
kIe imkv{X-fpw B]vX-m-cmb hnZzm-
mcpw Am- \ nsb "_me's\pw,
m\nsb "]nXm'shpw ]d-bp-p.
10. hb-m-b-Xp-sIm-tm, apSn \c-p-sh-fp-
-Xp-sIm-tm, henb [\-hm-\m-b-Xp-sIm-
tm, Db Xd-hm-n P\n--Xp-sImtm
Hcp- h alm- \ m- I p- n- . ]Tn- p- s Impw
m\w sImpw \psS CS-bn hen-b-h-
\mtcm Ah-\t{X alm-]p-cp-j FmWp
alm-flm--fmb aljn-am-cpsS \n-bw.
11. {_m-W m\w sImpw, {Xn-
b _ew sImpw, sshiy [\-[m-\y--
tf-sm-pw, iq{Z ZoLm-bp-p-sImpw
hm-Iys {]m]n-bvp-p.
12. Xe-apSn shfp--Xp-sImp am{Xw Hcp-
h hr-\m-Ip-n-. sNdp--m-c-\m-bmepw
Adn-hp-f-f-bm-fn-s\-bmWv hnZzm-m hr-scp
]d-bp--Xv.
13. hnZym-`ymkw sNbvXn-n-m--h acw
sImp-m-nb B\-sb-tm-sebpw tXmep-
sIm- p- m- nb am\n- s \- t m- s ebpw Cu
temI-n a\p-jy-\m-sWp \ma-am-{X-ambn
]d-b-s-Sp-p.
14. AXn-\m hnZym-`ymkw sNbvXv, hnZzm\pw
[am- fl m- h p- a mbn tZzjw IqSmsX kIe
PohnIpw kmKw D]- t Z- i n- - W w.
Ans\ D]-tZiw \Ip-tm arZphpw a[q-
c-hp-amb `mj {]tbm-Kn--Ww. kXyw D]-tZ-
inv [as hn-n-p-Ibpw A[as
\in-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h [\y-c-t{X.
Znh-khpw Ipfn-p-Ibpw hkv{Xw, hmk--
ew, A-]m-\o-b- Fn-h-sbmw ipNn-
BNm-c-m-\m-Nm-c- `yw A`yw
bmbn kqn-p-Ibpw thWw. hrn-bm-bn-cp-
m Nn-ip-n, BtcmKyw Fnh Dm-
hp-Ibpw As\ ]pcp-jmYw hn-p-Ibpw
sNpw. ZpKw Xopw amdp-Xp hsc-
bmWv iuNw sNt--Xv.
BNmcx {]Ytam [cv a x {ipXypx
kvamcv Gh-N. (a-\p. 1. 108.)
kXyw ]d-bpI XpS-nb Ia-f - psS A\p-
jvTm-\-amWv thZ-nepw kvarXn-bnepw hn[n-n-
p-ff "BNmcw'.
am t\m h[ox ]nXcw tamX amX-cav (bPq
16.15)
BNmcyD-]-\-b-amt\m {_-Nm-cnW
an-tX. (A-Yhw 11.15)
amXr- t Zthm `h; ]nXr- t Zthm `h;
BNmcytZthm `h; AXnYn tZthm `h.
ssX-co-bm-c-Wy-Iw. {]. 7. A\p. 11)
amXm- ] n- X m- - m, BNmcy, AXnYn
Fn-h-cpsS Bcm-[-\-bmWv tZh-]q-P. temI-
n-\p-]-Im-c-ap-m-Ip {]hr-n-I Fmw
sN-Ww. lm\n-Ic - a- m-bh XyPn-W
- w. CXmWv
a\p-jy apJy-ambn sNt--Xv. \mkvXn-I-cpw,
e-S-cpw, hnizmk--Lm-X-Icpw, anYym-hm-Zn-I-fpw,
kzmYn-I-fpw, I]-S-cpw, NXn-bcpw Bb ZpjvS-
P-\--tfmSv Hcn-epw kwkw sN-cp-Xv.
B]vX-cmb kXy-hm-Zn-Ifpw [-X-ev-ccpw,
]tcm-]-Im-tc-p--fp-am-b-h-tcmSv kl-h-kn-p-
-Xn-t\-bmWv t{ijvTmNmcsap ]d-bp--Xv.
tNmZyw:- Bcym-hcv-hm-kn-I Bcy-
h-n\p ]pd-ta-bp tZi--fn-tep
t]mbm AXp-sImv Ah-cpsS BNmcw
\in-ptam Ctbm?
Dcw: \in- p- I - b n- . Fs- m,
_mly-ambpw B`y--c-am-bp-ap ]cn-ipn
t\Sp-I, kXyw ]d-bpI Ch-sbmw Fhn-sS-bm-
bmepw BNmcw Xs-bm-Wv. Chsb A\p-jvTn-
p--bm BNm-c-n \ntm [a-n
\ntm {`jvS-\m-hp-I-bn-. ]Icw Bcym-h-
n Xs hkn- bpw Zpcm- N m- c -
{]hn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm Ah [a-{`-
jvS\pw BNm-c-{`-jvS-\p-am-bn-o-cp-p.
tZim-c bm{Xbvp sXfn-hp-I
198
 ]mw kap-mkw
A-s\-sb-n t\mpI: tatcmcvl-
tc tZz hcvtj hcvjw ssla-hXw XXx
{Ita-ssWh hyXn-{Iay `mcXw hcvj-am-k-Z-
Xv. k tZim hnhn-[m ]iy-o-\-lqW
5
\ntj-hn-Xm. alm-`m-c-Xw, imn-]hw,
tam-[-n, hymkip-IkwhmZ-n-te-
XmWv Cu tmI-. Hcn- hymk Xs
]p{X-\mb ipI-t\mSpw injy-m-tcmSpw IqSn
Cm-ev Ata-cn Fp ]d-bp ]mXm-f-
n ]mn-cpp. Hcp Znhkw ipI ]nXm-
hn-t\mSv ""Bfl-hnZy C{X-am-{X-amtWm? AtXm
CXn-e-[nIw hXpw Dtm?'' Fp tNmZn-p.
hymk-a-ljn Adn-p-sImv anm-Xn-cp-p.
Atlw t\ct Xs B hnjbw D]t-Z-
inp Ign--Xm-Wv. asm-cm-fns kmy-
n\p am{X-ambn Atlw C{]-Imcw ]dp:
""aIt\ \o anYn-em-]p-cn-bn sNp P\-I-a-lm-
cm- P m- h n- t \mSp Cu tNmZyw tNmZn- p- I .
Atlw bYm- t bmKyw Dcw ]d- b pw.''
As hmp tIv, {ioip-I ]mXm-f-n
\np anYn-em-]p-cn-bn-tep ]pd-sp ]pcm-X-
\-Im-ep tacp-hns A-Xm-bXp lnam-e-b-
ns hS-p-In-g-v, hS-v, hS-p-]-Sn-mdv
Fo Znp-I-fn-ep tZi-p lcn-hjw
Fp ]d-n-cp-p. lcnv hm\-c FYw.
B \mSp-I-fn-ep a\p-jy Ctmgpw Ipc--
m-tc-tmse c-ap-Jcpw shfp Ip--
h-cp-am-Wv. Ctm bqtdmv Fp ]d-bp B
tZi-p kwkvIr-X-`m-j-bn lcn-hjw
Fp ]d-p-t]m-p. B {]tZ-i - fpw blqZn
Fp ]d-bp lqW-tZ-i - t- fbpw kinp
sImv No\-tZ-i-n hs-n. AhnsS
\nv lnam-e-b-n-tepw lnam-e-b-n
\np anYn-em-]p-cn-bn-tepw t]mbn. CXn\pw
]pdta {ioIr-jvW\pw APp-\\pw ""Aiz-
Xcn''bn AYhm Xo--en Ibdn ]mXm-f-
n sNv Dm-e-I-a-ljnsb bp[njvTnc
alm-cm-Pm-hns bmK-n-\mbn Iqn-smp
hp. [rX- c m- j v { S hnhmlw sNbv X Xp
Im Fp Ctm ]d-bp Kmm-c-tZ-i-
nse cmP-Ip-am-cntb-bm-bn-cp-p. ]mWvUp
alm-cm-Pm-hns ]Xv\n-bmb am{Zn Cdm cmPm-
hns ]p{Xn-bm-bn-cp-p. Ap-\ hnhmlw
sNbvXXv Ata-cn F ]mXm-f-nse cmP-
5. alm-`m-cXw imn-]hw: 325, 14-15
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ip-am-cn-bmb Deq-]nsb Bbn-cp-p. tZim--c-
-Zzo-]m-c bm{X-I ]p--h sNbvXn-cp-
n-s-n CsXmw kw`-hn-p--sX-s\?
IS-en k-cn-p I-ep-Ip Icw Npa-
p--Xn-s\-n a\p-kvar-Xn-bn 6 Fgp-Xn-bn-
p-Xpw Bcym-h-n \nv A\y-Zzo-]p-
I-fn-tep P\ k-cn-n-cp-p-sh--Xn\v
\smcp sXfn-hm-Wv. IqSm-sX, bp[n-jvTnc alm-
cm- P mhp \S- nb cmP- k q- b- bm- K - n- t ev
`qtem-I-n-ep kIe cmPm--m-scbpw
Wn-p-hm `oa, APp-\, \Ip-e,
kl-tZ-h Fn-h \mep Znp-I-fn-tep
t]mbn. \njn--am-bn-cp-s-n Ah t]mhp-
I-bn-m-bn-cp-p. Bcym-h-hm-kn-I I-h-
S-n-\pw, cmPy-Im-cy-p-th-n-bpw, tZi-
k-m-c-n\pw `qan-bn-sepw bm{X sNp
]Xn-hp-m-bn-cp-p.
Cm-es Abn-hpw Xoepw ipw
amdp--Xn-ep `bhpw aqV-m-cpsS h-\bpw
Am-\hpw hn-Xn\m Dm-bn-p--Xm-
Wv. tZim--c--Zzo-]m-c bm{X-sN-p a\p-
jy hnhn[ P\--fpsS kwkK-n-eq-sS,
Ah-cpsS coXn-Ifpw k{-Zm-b-fpw Ip-]-
Tnv Ahsb X-fpsS cmPy-n ]In
\n`-b-mcpw iqc-mcpw Bbn-o-cp-p. Zpcm-
Nm- c - sf Zqsc XyPnv kZm- N m- c- sf
]In sFiz-cys {]m]n-p-p. alm-{`-
jvS-Ifpw t-Ip-e-Pm-X-I-fp-amb thiy-I-fp-
sSbpw apw kam-Kaw sImv a\p-jy BNm-
c- { `jv S mtcm [a- { `- j v S - mtcm BIp- n-
spw tZim--c--fn-ep k-\--tfmSp
kl-h-kn-m Aip-nbpw tZmjhpw hcp-
sapw Icp-Xp-Xv aqV-X-bs--n ]ns-
mWv? aZy-]m-\w, amwk-`-Ww Fn-h-bp
a\p- j y- c psS ico- c hpw hocym- Z n- [ m- X p- fpw
ZpKw sImpw apw Zpjn-p-t]m-Ip--Xp-
sImv Ah-tcm-Sp-IqSn kwkKw sNp
Bcy-mv Cu Zpcm-Nm-c- Dm-Im-Xn-cn-
-W-sa-Xv icn-X-s. Fm Ah-tcm-Sp-
IqSn kwkKw sNp--Xnepw KpW-sf
{Kln-p--Xnepw tZmjhpw ]m]hpw C. Ch-
cpsS aZy-]m-\mZn tZmj-sf XyPnv KpW-
sf kzoI-cn-p--Xn XI-cm-sdm-p-an-.
6. a\p.8 406
t]Pv ...... se 3mw tmIw. AYw t]Pv.......)
199
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ahsc sXmSp-Itbm ImWp-Itbm sNp--Xp-
t]mepw ]m]-am-sWv Am-\n-I hnNm-
cn-p-p. Fn Ah-tcmSv t]mcm-Sm\pw km[n-
p-I-bn-. bp-n kv]i-\hpw Zi-\hpw
IqSntb Ign- b q. cmK- t Zz- j - A\ymbw
Iw ]d-bpI apX-emb tZmj-sf XyPn-v,
sshc-`mhw amn, kvt\lw ]tcm-]-Imcw k-
\-ioew apX-em-bh kzoI-cn-p--XmWv D-
a-amb BNm-cw. Bflm-hv, {]hrn Fn-h-
tbmSp _-s--XmWv [a-sav Ad-b-Ww.
\Xp sNp- - h - c mWv \msa- n hntZ- i -
ttm Zzo]m--c--fn-tetm t]mIp--
Xn Hcp tZmjhpw C. ]m]w sNbvXmte
tZmj-ap-m-Iq. AXym-hiyambXv CXmWv:
thtZm--amb [a-n \nbw thWw.
]mj-WU v
- m-cpsS sNbvXn-Isf JWvUn-m
]Tn--Ww. Atm icn-bm \n-b--
sf-Sp-m CS-hc - n-Ib
- n-. hntZ-i- f
- ntem Zzo]m-
-c--fntem sNv `c-Wtam hym]m-ctam \S-
msX kztZ-i-n\v Ftm-sg-nepw ]ptcm-
K-Xn-bp-m-Ip-sa-mtWm? Hcp \mn-ep--h
Ahn-sS-s Pohn-p-Ibpw hntZ-in-I hv
hyh-km-btam \mSp-hm-gvNtbm \S-p-Ibpw
sNbvXm Zmcn-{Zyhpw ZpxJ-hp-a - msX asmpw
Dm-hp-I-bn-. P\-sf ]Tn-p--h-cm-p-
hm\pw hntZ-i--fn t]mIp-hm\pw A\p-h-Zn-
m, Ah _pn-am-m-cmbn X-fpsS he-
bn hogmsX t]mIp-Ibpw As\ X-fpsS
D]-Po-h-\-amhpw m\-am-\-fpw \jvS-s-
Sp-sapw IpSn-e-cmb Cu ZpjvS-m-dn-bmw.
Xn-an--amWv Ah `-W-h-kv{Xm-Zn-I-fn
ISpw-]n-Sn--m-cm-bn, A\y-tZ-i-bm-{X-Isf apS-
p--Xv. Fm Adn-bmsX t]mepw Hcn-
epw aZy-amw-k- D]-tbm-Kn-p-Iq-Sm.
bp-k-a-bpw ssk\n-I \new sagpIn
DuWp-hv Ign-p-Xv ]cm-P-b-tl-Xp-hm-Ip-
sav _pnammscmw \nW-bn-n-p-X - m-W-
tm? 7 B\- p- d - t m, IpXn- c - p- d - t m,
tXcntem \ntm \ne-p-\ntm bpw sNp-
tm Hcp ssIsImv Xnp-Ibpw IpSn-p-
Ibpw sNbvXv at ssIsImp i{Xp-h[w
\Sn hnPbw t\Sp--Xp-X-s-bmWp {Xn-
7. aqmw ]m\n-v bp-n adm-n-I-fpw, Pmp-Ifpw,
cP-]p-{Xcpw shtsd ASp--f-bp-m-n-b-XmWv Ah-
cpsS ]cm-Pb Imc-W-sav Ncn{Xw.
BNm-c-m-\m-Nm-c- `yw A`yw
b-mv DNn-X-amb BNm-cw. ]cm-Pn-X-cm-Ip-
Xv A\m- N m- c amWv. ISp aqVX
\nanamWv Cu a\p-jy \new sagp-Inbpw
XnXnbpw Xnpw kzmX{yw kpJw
kv, cmPyw, hnZy ]pcp-j-{]-bXv\w Fn-
h-bn-semw NmWIw Ie-n-t-v, Bcm\pw
sImp-hp Xm hp-m-sap sImXnv
ssIbpw sIn Imn-cn-p--Xv. C{]-Im-c-ap
{]hr-n-sImv Ch Bcym-h-tZiw apgp-
h\pw NmWIw sagpIn apSnp tXp-Ip-fn-sv
a\-n-em--Ww. Dp-nSw hrn-bm-p-I,
ASn-p-I, Xfn-p-I, tXp-I-gp-IpI Fn-h-
sbmw sNt--Xp-X-s-bm-Wv. apkamam-
scbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw t]mse ASp-f
hrn-bn-m-Xm--cp-Xv.
tNmZyw: iphpw alm- i p- hpw
FmWv?
Dcw: sh-ntem atm thhn-p-m-
p tNmdv ipw. s\ntem ]mentem thhn-
s-Sp-p-Xv alm-ip-w. CXpw Cu IpSn-e-hr-
n-I-fpsS Am-Nm-c-am-Wv. s\pw ]mepw
IqSp-X-ep-Xv Xnm kzmZp-Xpw DZ-c-n\v
A[nIw kv\nKv-X-bp-m-p--Xp-am-Wtm?
ImcWw Acw `-W-]-Zmw A[nIw
Xnm Inm-\p kq{X-am-Wv., hmkvX-h-
n An-bntem ]g-w-sImtm ]mI-s-
Sp-n-b-sXmw ]Iz-am-Ip-p, Ah-bn GsX-
nepw Hp-sImv ]mI-s-Sm-Xv A]-Iz-am-
Wv. ]Izw `yhpw A]Izw A`-y-hp-am-
sW \nbaw Fm-bn-Spw icn-b-. Fs-
m ]--S-ebpw apw Xnm-dp--tm.
tNmZyw: ZznP-m--{_m-W {Xnb
sshiy-m kzbw ]mIw sNbvXp `n--
W- t am, iq{Z ]mI- s - S p- n- b Xp `n-
tWm?
Dcw: iq{Z ]mIw sNbvXXv `n--
Ww. Fs-m, {_m-W, {Xn-b,
sshiy Fo hW--fn-ep kv{Xo]p-cp-
j-m Aym-]-\w, cmPy-]-cn-]m-e-\w, ]ip]m-
e-\w, Irjn, I-hSw apX-emb tPmen-I-fn
Gs-n-cn--Ww. Fm iq{Zs ]m{X-
nepw Ahs honepw ]mIw sNbv X
`Ww B]m- e - n- e - msX asm- c n-
epw `n--cp-Xv. CXns {]amWw tIp-
200
 ]mw kap-mkw
sImI Bcym- [ n- j vTnXm hm iq{Zmx
kwkvIcvm-cx kypx 7
CXv B]-kvXw-_s kq{X-am-Ip-p. t{ijvT-
m-cpsS Krl--fn iq{Z--A-Xm-bXv hnZym-
hn-lo-\c - mb kv{Xo]p-cp-j - m shp-]Wn apX-
emb tkh-\- sNt--Xm-Wv. Fm
Ah-cpsS ico-chpw hkv{Xhpw hrn-bm-bn-cn-
-Ww. t{ijvT-m-cpsS hoSp-I-fn ]mNIw \S-
p-tm hkv{Xw-sImv hmb aqSn ]mNIw
sNt- - X m- W v . Ah- c psS hmbn anpw
aqn \npw \nK-an-p D-njvStam \nizm-
ktam `-W-n ]n-q-Sm. BgvN-bn-sem-
cn- Ah \Jw sh-Ww. uchpw sN-
Ww. B Znhkw Ipfn-nt ]mIw sNm-hq.
t{ijv T - mv `Ww \Inb tijta
Ah `n-m-hq.
tNmZyw: iq{Z sXm ]mIw sNbvX
`Ww Ign-p-X - n tZmjw ImWp-tm
Ah ]mIw sNbvXXv Fs\ Dpw?
Dcw: CXv It]me Iev]n-Xhpw I-hp-
am-Wv. Fs-m i-c, ]-km-c, s\v,
]m Acn-amhv kky-, Ing-p-I Fnh
`n-n-p--h temI-sa-m-Sp-ap--h-cp-m-n-
bXpw Dn-jvShpw `n-n-cnp-sp Icp-X-
Ww. Fs-m iq{Z, ]d-b, tXmn-I,
apkam-m, {InkvXym-\n-I apX-em-b-h
hb- e p- I - f n \np Icnp shn sXmen
Ifv Bn \osc-Sp-p-p. Atm Ah
ae-aq-{X-hn-k\w sNbvXnp ssII-gp-ImsX
Ah ssIImcyw sNp-p. Hcp Icns-Spv
ISnv ]IpXn \ocv IpSn-p-p. _mn AXn
Xs CSp-p. Icn-p-\o Xnf-n-p-tm
Nmn AXnenp ]mIw sNbvXp `n-p-
p. ]-kmc Dm-p-tm, ae-aq-{X-fpw
apw, NmW-Ihpw apw ]n-n-Sn-np ]gb
sNcn-p-sIm-mWp sRcp-Sp--Xv. ]men Iqn-
tp shw Ah-cpsS honse Fn
]m{X- - f n- e p- - X m- b n- c n- pw. s\pw apw
kqn-p-Xpw Acw ]m{X--fn Bbn-
cn- pw. Acn- a mhp s]mSn- p ka- b pw
Fn ssIsImp Xs-bmhmw B Acn-amhv
FSp-p--Xv. Fp-am-{X-a hnbp-Xp-n-
Ifpw IqSn B Acn-am-hn hogp-p. ImbvI-\n-
8. B]-kvXw_ [akq{Xw 2.2.2.4
kXym-{]-Im-iw
I, Ing-p-I, Fn-h-bpsS Imcy-nepw
Ccw Xam-i-I ImWmw. Ch-sbms `n-
n-p-s-n Fm-h-scbpw sXmp-Xn-sv
Icp-Xn-sm--Ww.
tNmZyw: ^ew, aqew, Iw, ckw apX-em-
b 9 AZr-jvSh - k
- vXp-f- psS Imcy-n Cu
tZmj-an-.
Dcw: sImmw. sImmw! As-n
apw Nmchpw hmcn-n-ptam? i-cbpw
]-km-cbpw a[p-c-am-Wv. ]mepw s\pw tZl-
n\p ]pjvSn-bp-m-p-p. Atm ]ns
AZr-jvS-tZmjw Dm-bm kzmY-]qn
Dm- h n- . ImWm- - X n tZmj- a n- s p
hcp ]w tXmn-I, apo- Fn-h
thsdm-cn-Sp hp-m-n--m \n
AXp Xnptam Ctbm? Xnp-I-bn-s-n
AZr- j v S - nepw tZmj- a p- s p hcp- p.
amwkm-lm-cn-Ifpw aZy-]m-\n-I-fp-amb apkam-
m, {InkvXym-\n-I apX-em-b-h shp-m-
n- b Xv t{ijvT- mcv `n- p- - ] w
Ahpw aZy-amw-km-Zn-I `n--Xp-sIm-
p tZmjw ]noSv Dm-tb-mw. Fm
t{ijvT-m Xn kl-t`m-P\w \S-p--
Xn bmsXmcp tZmj-hp-an-.
Htc A`n{]m-bw, Htc em`-\-jvS-, kpJ-
Zpx-J--fn-ep kmayw Fnh ]c-kv]cw
Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p--Xp-hsc A`yp-Z-b-ap-m-Ip-
Xv hfsc hnj-a-am-Wv. an{i-t`m-P\w sImp-
am{Xw ]cn-jvImcw Dm-hp-I-bn-. Zpcm-Nm-c-
XyPnv kZm-Nm-c- kzoI-cn-p--Xp-
hsc ]ptcm-KX - n-p-]I
- cw At[m-KX- n-bm-Wp-m-
hp-I.
hntZ-im-[n-]-Xy-Im-cWw
Bcym-h-n hntZ-io-b-cpsS hmgvN-bp-
m-hm-\p ImcWw Cu \mp-Im-cpsS At\ym-
\y-kv], A`n-{]m-b-`n--X, {_-N-cy-an-m-
bva, ]T-\-]m-T--fn-m-bva, \n_-nX ssii-
h-hn-hm-lw, hnj-bm-k-n, I--cw, thZ-hn-
Zy-bpsS tem]w CXymZn ZpjvI--fm-Wv.
ktlm-Z-c- Xn Ie-ln--p-tm aqm-
a-\mb hntZin a[y--\mbn Na-bp-p. Am-
bncw sIm-p app \S alm-`m-c-X-I-
Ybpw \n hnkva-cn-pthm? t\mq! `mc-X-
9. Dm-bs
- X-hn-sS-sb kv]jvSa
-
- m-X
- mWv AZr-jvSw.
201
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
bp--n kI-ecpw t]m-f-n khm-cn-
I-fn-en-cp-t{X `n-n-c p- -X v. At\ym- \ y-
kv ] - s Im- mWv ]mWv U - h - m- c p- s Sbpw
Iuc-h-m-cp-sSbpw bmZ-h-m-cp-sSbpw Dq-e-
\miw kw`-hn--Xv. Av AXp kw`-hn-Xp
t]mIs B tcmKw CXp-h-scbpw t`Z-am-bn-n-
. Cu `b-c cm-k Ftm hnp-t]m-
Ip-sa--dn-hn-. Hcp ]t t{ijvT-cmb Fm-
h-scbpw kpJ--fn \n-In ZpxJ-km-K-c-
n apn-sm-tmw! Ipew apSn-, cmPyw
\in-n \oN-\mb Zptcym-[-\s ZpjvS-amK-
n-eqsS Cpw kcn-p--XmWv \psS
ZpxJ-h-\-hn\p Imc-Ww. Cu cmP-tcmKw \ap-
n-S-bn \nv Ap-t]m-Ip-hm Cuiz-c
klm-bn--s.
cp-Xcw `ym-`-y-
[a-im-kv{X-n ]d-n-p--Xv, sshZy-
im-kv{X-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-npXv Fn-s\
`ym-`-y-hn[n cp-v.
A`- ymWn ZznPm-X o-\m-a -t a-[ y- { ]- ` - hm-
WnN. (a-\p. 5,5)
ZznP-mcpw AXm-bXv {_mW {Xnb
sshiy-mcpw iq{Z-mcpw aen-\-amb AYhm
ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS kwkKw sImv Dm-bn-
p kky- Imbv, Ing-p-I apX-em-bh
`n--cp-Xv.
hP-tb--[p-amwkw N (a-\p. 2. 177)
hnhn-[-Xcw aZy-, Im-hv, Idpv apX-
em-b-hbpw AXm-bXv
""_pnw-ep--Xn-b-Zv {Zhyw aZ-Imcn XZp-
NytX'' 10
_pnsb \in-n-p-h - s
- bmpw Hcn-epw
`n--cp-Xv. No-Xpw, Zpjn--Xpw, ZpK--
ap--Xpw, icn-bmbn ]mIw sNm--Xpw, ico-
- n aZy- a mw- k m- Z n- I - f psS ]c- a m- W p-
\nd t-amb aZym-]m-\n-I-fpw, amwkm-lm-
cn-Ifpw ]mIw sNbvX Blmcw `n--cp-Xv.
a\p-jyv D]-Im-c-ap ]ip-hn-s\bpw apw
sImp-m-p `-Whpw hPy-am-Wv. Hcp
]ip-hn \np-m-Ip ]m, s\v AXns
k-Xn-I Fnh H Xe-ap-d-bn \mep-e-
n Fgp-]--m-bn-cn Adp-\qdp a\p-
10. imMvK-[c kwlnX 4.21
BNm-c-m-\m-Nm-c- `yw A`yw
jyp {]tbm-P\w sNp-p. AXn-\m ]ip-
sf sImp-Itbm sImn-p-Itbm sN-cp-
Xv.
Hcp ]ip-hn\v Ccp-]Xp tkdp 11 asm-n\v
cp tkdpw ]m Znhkw tXmdpw Inp-p.
Atm Hmtcm ]ip-hpw icm-icn ]Xn-s\mp
tk ]m \Ip-p. Nne ]ip- ]Xn-
s\p amk-tm-fhpw thsd Nne ]ip-
Bdp-am-khpw ]m \Ip-p. Atm Hmtcm
]ip-hn-sbpw Id-h-mew icm-icn ]{p
amk-am-bn. As\ Hcp ]ip-hns Id-h-m-
e-n Inp ]msImv 24960 (C-cp-]-n-
\m-em-bn-cn sXmm-bn-cn Adp-]-Xv) a\p-
jyv Hcp {]mh-iyw Xr]vXn-b-S-bmw. AXn\v
Bdp ]ip-p-n-Ifpw Bdv Imf-n-Sm-fpw
Dm-Ip-p. Ah-bn \nv csw Np-
t]m-bmepw ]sw _mn-bp-m-hpw. Ah-
bn Ap ]ip-p-n-If - psS ]q Poh-Imew
sImp Inp ]msemw IqSn 124800 (H-cp-e-
n Ccp-]-n-\m-em-bn-cn Fq-dv) a\p-
jysc kwXr-]vX-cm-p-hm aXn-bm-Ipw. C\n
Ap Imf-p-n-I _mn-bp-v. Ah-bn-tem-
tcmpw Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h-\p-ap {]bXv\w
sImv Gsd-psd 5000 (A-m-bn-cw) av
[m\yw DXv]m-Zn-n-p-p. B [m\y-n \nv
Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw apm tk `n-mepw
cp- e w t]v Hcp t\c- t - mbn
[m\yhpw ]mepw IqSn-tm 374800 (aq-p-
e-n Fgp-]-n-\m-em-bn-cn Fq-dp)
t] kwXr-]vX-cm-Ipw. BsI 475600 (\mep
en Fgp-]--m-bn-cn Adp-\q-dv) a\p-
jysc Hcp ]ip Htc Hcp Xe-ap-d-bn Po-hn-
X-Im-e-n Hcp {]mhiyw Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p-
p. Cs\ At\Iw Xe-ap-d-I tNcp-tm
AkwJyw P\-v Hcp ]ip-hn-s\-sm-
pXs {]tbm-P\w Inp-p. CXn\pw ]pdta
hn hen-p-I, `mcw Npa-p-I, apX-emb Imcy-
-fnepw a\p-jyp hfsc D]-I-cn-p--h-
bmWv Imf-I. AXp-t]mse Xs-bmWv Id-
h-bp ]ip--fpw. Imf-I-sf-tmse t]mp-
Ifpw D]-tbm-K-ap--h-bm-Wv. Fm ]ip-
hns ]mepw s\pw t]mse Fcp- a - b psS
]mepw s\pw _pn-h-I--f-. Bcy-m
]ip-hns\ Ip-Im-en-If - n shp {][m-\a- mbn
11. GI-tZiw Hcp Intem{Kmw
202
 ]mw kap-mkw
KWn-n-p-Xv CXp-sIm-m-Wv. Adn-hp--h-
scmw Cs\ Icp- X pw. tImem- S ns
]msImv 25920 (C-cp-]--m-bn-c-n-sm-
m-bn-cn Ccp-]-Xv) Bfp-I-fpsS kwc--W-
am-Wp-m-Ip--Xv. C{]-Imcw B\, IpXn-c, H-
Iw, BSv, IgpX apXemb arK-fpw hfsc
D]-Im-c-ap--h-bm-Wv. 12Cu arK-sf sImp-
-h apgp-h a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-n-sbpw
LmX-I-m-cm-Wv. t\mpI Bj-cm-Py-n
AXyw D]- I m- c n- I - f mb Cu arK- - s f-
sbmpw lnwkn-n-cp--tX-bn-. Av Bcym-
h- nepw temI- nse A\y- c m- P y- -
fnepw a\p-jycpw ap Pohn-Ifpw hfsc kpJ-
ambn PohnXw \bn-n-cp-p. Av ]ip Imf
apX-emb arK- th{X Dm-bn-cp--Xn-
\m ]mepw s\pw A-c-km-Zn-Ifpw kpe-`-
am-bn-cp-p. amwk-`p-p-Ifpw aZy-]-mcpw Pp-
lnw-k-I-cp-amb hntZiob Fp-ap-X Cu
\mn hp \mSp-hmgvN XpS-ntbm Ap
apX Cm-p-Im-cpsS ZpxJw hn-p-sIm-n- hhpw ioe-fpw s]mcp--ap--Xm-bn-cn-p-I-
cn-p-p. Fs-m:
\jvtS aqte ss\h ^ew \ ]pjv]w 13
thc hr-n-s\-hnsS \nmWv ]qhpw
Imbpw?
tNmZyw: kI-ecpw {]mWn-lnw-kI - c
-
- m-Xm-
bm ISph apX- e mb lnw{k- P - p-
hn-pw. Ah ]ip-sfbpw apw sImp-
Xn-pw. Atm \n-fpsS Cu A`n-{]m-b-
samw hyY-am-Ipw.
Dcw: D]-{Z-h-ap-m-p a\p-jy-scbpw
arK--tfbpw inn-p-Ibpw Bh-iy-am-bm
sImp-Ibpw sNp-Xp cmP-`r-Xy-m-cpsS
{]hr-n-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw: ]ns Ah-bpsS amwkw hen-
s-dnp If-btWm?
Dcw: If-mepw thn-. \mb apX-
emb amwkm- l m- c n- I v sImSp- mepw
sImmw Zln-np If-mepw hntcm-[-an-.
Hcp ]t amwkm-lm-cn-I-fmb h a\p-jycpw
12. Cu hnj-b-s-n hnkvXr-X-amb Hcp \ncq-]Ww
""tKmI-cp-Wm-\n[n'' F {K-n sNbvXn-p-v.
Cu ]pkvXIw sshZnI kmlnXy ]cn-j- ns "BNm-
c-`m\p' F ]pkvX-I-n Dsm-n-n-p-v.
13. NmW-Iy-\oXn 10-13
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Xnmepw temI-n\p Xc-t-sSmpw kw`-
hn-m-\n-. Ah-cpsS kz`mhw Zpjnv amwkm-
lm-cn-I-fmb lnwkm-io-e-cm-Ip-sa-t-bp-q.
lnwk, tamj-Ww, hnizm-k-h--\, Iw,
I]Sw apX-em-bh - s
- Imp km-Zn-p-s - Xmw
A`-y-am-Wv. Btcm-Kyw, tcmK-\m-iw, _pn,
_ew, ]cm-{I-aw, Bbpv Fn-hbvp h-
\-hp-m-p--Xmb Acn, tKmX-v, ImbvI-\n-
I, Ing-p-I, ]mev, s\v, a[pcw apX-embh
tNtc--]Sn tNv ]mIw sNbvXv DNn-X-k-a-
bv anX-ambn `n-p--sXmw "`yw'
Xs. Ah-\-hs {]Ir-Xnbvp hncp--amb
hnIm-cs P\n-n-p ]Zm-s - f-sbmw
XyPn-p-Xpw hnln-X-am-b-hsb AXn-\-\p-k-
cnv kzoI-cn-p-Xpw Am--hsb XyPn-p-
Xpw `y-hn-[n-bn s]Sp-mw.
tNmZyw: Htc ]m{X-n \nv Dp-Xv
icntbm sXtm?
Dcw: tZmj-I-c-am-Wv. cp-t]-cpsS kz`m-
bn-. IpjvT-tcm-KntbmsSmw `n-p--Xp-
sImv tcmK-an-m--hs chpw IqSn Zpjn-
p- - X p- t ]m- s e, H- m- { X- n \np- p-
Xpw tZmj-a-msX KpW-sampw sNp-I-bn-
. AXp-sImv:
t\mnjvSw Iky-Nn-Z- ym-m-Zym-ssh XYm-
cm \ ssNhm-Xy-i\w Ipcym-tNmnjvSx
IzNnZv {htPXv (a-\p. 2. 56)
kzw DnjvSw asm-cmp sImSp-p-
Itbm asm-cp-hs ]m{X-n \np Xnp-
Itbm ]mSn- . Aan- X - a mbn `n- - c p- X v .
`Ww Ign-v, ssIpw apJhpw Igp-ImsX
Ap-anpw t]mI-bp-a-cp-Xv.
tNmZyw: ""Kptcm-cp-n-jvS-t`m-P-\-av'' 14
F hmIy-ns AYw FmWv?
Dcw: Kpcp-hns `Ww Ignv tijn-
p ip-amb Blmcw Ign-Ww FmWv
AYw. Kpcp-hn\v \evIn-b-Xn\p tijw am{Xw
injy `n-Ww FYw.
tNmZyw: Dn-jvS-am-b-sXmw \njn--am-
sW-n tX\o--I-fpsS Dn-jvS-amb tX,
]ip- p- n- b psS Dn- j v S - a mb ]m, Hcp
14. {]mW-tXm-jnWn F ]pkvX-I-n\nv
203
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
I_fw `n-p-I-gn-bp-tm Ah-\-hs
Xs Dn- j v S - a m- b n- o- c p tNmdv Ch-
sbmpw `n--cp-Xtm?
Dcw: Dn-jvS-sa t]tc tX\n-\p-q.
hnh-[u-j-[--fpsS kmb AXp kzoIm-cy-
am-Wv. InSm- AIn-n- \npw ]pdp h
]m am{Xta IpSn-p-p-p. Dn-ep ]m
IpSn-p-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. AXn-\m Dn-jvS-
a-. Fm Ipn IpSn--Xns tijw Pew-
sImv AInSp IgpIn ip-amb ]m{X-n
]m Id- s - S p- - W w. Hcp- h s Dnjv S w
Ah\v bmsXmcp hnIm-chpw Dm-p-n-,
A\ys DnjvTw `n--cp-sX-Xv kzm`m-
hn-I-am-Wv. A\ys ae-aq-{X-sf kv]in-p-
Xn-epnS-tmfw shdpv Ah-\h - s apJw,
aqv, sNhn, Iv, D]-w, Kptly-{n-b-
Fn-h-bn \np-m-Ip ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-Isf
kv]in-p--Xn Dm-Ip-n-.- A-Xn-\m
AXp krjvSn-{I-a-n\p hn]-co-X-am-bn-p--X-
sp knn-p-p. asm-cp-hs Dn-jvSw--
F-n `n-m-Xn-cn-p-X - p-Xs
- -bmWv a\p-
jysmw DNn-Xw.
tNmZyw: sImmw! `mcym-`m--mcpw
]c-kv]cw DnjvSw `n--cp-sX-mtWm?
Dcw: ]mSn-. Fs-m Ah-cp-sSbpw
ico-c-kz-`mhw `n-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: Hp tNmZns! GXp a\p-
jy Dm-n-b-Xm-bmepw AXp `n-p--
Xn- s e- mWv sXv ? {_mW apX
NWvUm-f hsc-bp--h-cpsS icocw Fpw
amwkhpw sXmenbpw sImp-m-n-bX - m-Wv.
{_m-Ws ico-c - n-ep-X - cw tNmc Xs-
bmWv NWvUm-fm-Zn-I-fpsS ico-c-n-ep-ap--
Xv . Fn]ns GXp a\p- j y ]mIw
sNbvX-Xm-bmepw `n-p--Xn FmWp
sXv?
Dcw: sXp- v. Da ]Zm-
`n-p {_m-W-cpsS ico-c-n ZpK-
mZn tZmj--fn-m ctPm-ho-cy- Dm-
Ip--Xp-t]mse NWvUm-fmZn kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-
cn Dm-Ip-n-. NWvUm-fs icocw ZpK-
-]-c-am-Wp--sf-sm-p \nd-n-cn-p-p.
{_mlvaWm-Zn-I-fpsS icocw A-s\-bp--X-
. AXn-\m {_m-WmZn t{ijvT-Pm-Xn-I
BNm-c-m-\m-Nm-c- `yw A`yw
]mIw sNbvXXp `n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. tXmn-
I-fpw, Ad-hp-Im-cpw, ]mIw sNbvXXv A`-
yamWv. ""A, iz{ip, ktlm-Z-cn, ]p{Xn,
]p{X-`mcy Fn-h-cp-sS-sbmw icocw Nw
sImp-m-n-bX - p-t]mse Nw sImp-m-
n-b-XmWv Ah-\-hs `mcy-bpsS ico-c-hpw.
AXp-sIm-p \n `mcy-tbmSp s]cp-am-dp--
Xp-t]mse A-tbmSpw apw s]cp-am-dptam?''
Fv Bsc-nepw tNmZn-m \np Xe
Xmgvn anm-Xn-cn-tn hcp-a-tm. D-a-
amb Aw sXmp-`-n-p--Xp-t]mse \mdp-
-hbpw `n-ptam? aehpw `n-ptam?
A-s\-bp--hcpw Dm-bn-cn-ptam?
tNmZyw: ]ip-hns NmWIw sImp
sagp-Ip--Xp-t]mse \n kzw aew
sImp sagp-Im-Xn-cn-p--sXv? NmWIw
sImp sagp-Inb ep t]mIp-tm
AhnsS Aip--am-Im-Xpw Fp-sImv?
Dcw: a\p-jys ae-n-t-Xp-t]m-ep
ZpKw ]ip-hns NmW-I-n-\n-. NmWIw
kv \ nKv - a m- b - X p- s Imv thK- n Cf- I p-
Itbm hkv{X- apjn-bp-Itbm hkv{X--
fn Nfn ]pItbm sNp-n-. ap-sImp
amen\yw Dm- I p- - X p- t ]mse DW- nb
NmWIw sImp-m-Ip-n-. apw NmW-
Ihpw IqSn-tp-m-nb ew at\m-l-c-
am-Wv. ]mIw sNp e-n-cpp `Ww
Ign-p-Ibpw apw sNp-X - p-sImp AhnsS
s\v, Acn-sm-Sn, Fn Fn-h-sbmw hogp-
p. AXp-sImv Cu, Ddp-v, apX-em-b-h-
sbmw Cc tXSm AhnsS hp-Iq-Sp-p.
AhnsS Znhkw tXmdpw ASn-p-X-fnp sagpIn
hrn-bmn shn-s-n B w Iq-p-
t]m-em-bn-o-cpw. AXn-\m Znhkw-tXmdpw
NqsIm- - S n- v , NmW- I hpw apw Iqn-
tp sagpIn hrn-bmn sh-Ww, henb
hoSm-sW-n shw-sImp IgpIn hrn-
bm--Ww, Cs\ sNbvXm app ]d
tZmj- Dm-hp-I-bn-. henb kmbv-m-
cpsS ASp--f-bn Hcn-Sp Icn, thsdm-cn-
Sp Nmcw, asm-cn-Sp hnd-Iv, Hcp Znn
Hcp DS IpSw, Hcn-Sp Fn ]m{Xw,
asmcp aqebvv Fn Ij-W- Ch-
sbmw InS-p-p-m-hpw. Cu-bpsS IY-
sbp ]d-bm! tbmKy-m-cm-sc-nepw AhnsS
204
 ]mw kap-mkw
sNn-cp-m Hmm-\n-pw. B HSn-p-gnp
Xpeyw AtX ImWq. NmWIw sagp-Ip--Xn
tZmj-ap-s-n ASp-n NmW-I-h-c-fn-bnv
Xo In-p-Xpw Npa-sc-gp-Xp-Ibpw hc-fn-o-
sImv lp hen-p-Ibpw sNp-X - p-sImv
kmbvns t`mP-\-m-\hpw Aip--am-hp-I-
bnt?'' F tNmZn-t--Xm-Wv. As-nepw
kwi-bn-m-\n-.
tNmZyw: AI-n-cpv `n-p-tXm
]pd-n-cpp `n-p-tXm \Xv?
Dcw: \-Xpw, ca-Wo-bhpw kp-c-hp-amb
m\w Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-mepw Ahn-sS-bn-cpv
`n--Ww. Bhiyw hcp-tm bp-nepw
apw IpXn-c-p-d-tm, hml-\-n-en-cp-tm,
\ntm `n-p-Xv DNn-X-am-Wv,
tNmZyw: kzbw ]mIw sNbvXXv `n--
Ww, A\y ]mIw sNbvX-X-cp-Xv At?
Dcw: t{ijv T - m ip- a mbn ]mIw
sNbvXXv Ah At\ym\yw hnfn `n-p-
-Xn Hcp tZmjhpw C. {_mlvWm-Zn-hW-
-fn-epsS kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m ASp-f hbvm-
\pw, ]m{Xw Igp- I m\pw \S- m hnZymZn
t{ijvT-Kp-W- Hcn-epw A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-I-
bn-. bp[n-jvTn-c-a-lm-cm-Pmhp \S-nb cmP-kq-
b-bm-K-n `qtKm-f-n-ep kIe cmPm--
mcpw Ejn-amcpw aljn-amcpw ]s-Sp-p.
Ah-sc-m-hcpw H ASp--fbn \nmWv
`n-n-cp--Xv. ({In-kvXp-a-Xw, Cmw, apX-emb
aX-hn-`m-K - h-tXmSp IqSn-bmWv sshchpw
hntcm-[hpw Dm-b-Xv) aZyhpw tKmamw-km-Zn-
Ifpw IpSn-m\pw Xnm\pw Ah Bcw-`n--
tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- `-Wm-Zn-Im-cy--fnepw A`n-{]m-
b-hy-Xym-ka - p-m-bn. Im_q, Im, Cudm,
Ata-cn-, bqtdmv apX-emb cmPy-f - nse cmP-
Ip-am-cn-am-cmb Kmm-cn, am{Zn, Dtem]n apX-
em- b - h sc Bcy- h - nse cmPm- - m
hnhmlw Ignv _-ap-d - n-n-cp-p. iIp-\nbpw
apw Iuc-h--]m-WvU-h-tcm-sSmw `Ww Ign-
n-cp-p. Ah Xn Xn-b-tX-bn. Am-
ep thZ-{]-Xn-]m-Zn-Xa - mb Hscm aXw am{Xta
`qtem-I-n-ep-m-bn-cp-p-q. AXn Fm-
hpw \njvT-bp-m-bn-cp-p. Hcp-hs kpJ-
Zpx-J-fpw em`-\jvS-fpw Xt-Xn\p Xpey-
ambn A-h KWn-n-cp-p. Ap `qan-bn
kuJyw Dm-bn-cp-p. Ctm-gm-Is hnh[
kXym-{]-Im-iw
aX--fp-m-I-bm AXn-\-\p-k-cnv ZpxJhpw
hntcm- [ hpw hnp Ahsb \nhm- c Ww
sNt-Xv _pnam-m-cpsS IS-ab - m-Wv. Cuiz-
c kXy-ns IWnI Gh-cp-sSbpw lrZ-b-
n Apcnnv anYym-a-X-sf {]f-b-n
Hgp--s. CXn--t\-n hnZzm-m-scmw hntcm[w
shSnv Nnn-v, B\--h-\-hp-m-s.
BNmcw A\m-Nmcw `ym-` - y- Fn-
h-sb-n Cs\ kz]w Fgp-Xn. Cu {K-
ns ]qmw Cu ]mw kap-m-k-
tm-Sp-IqSn ]q-am-bn. Cu kap-m-k--fn
khn- k v X - c - a mbn JWv U - \ - a mWv U \-
sNbvXnn. a\p-jyv, k-Xyhpw Ak-Xyhpw
thXn-cn--dn-bp--Xn Aev]-sa-nepw Ign-hp-
m-Ip--Xp-hsc qehpw kqva-hp-amb
JWvU\--fpsS Bh-iyhpw AYhpw {Kln-
p-hm in-bp-m-hp-I-bn-s--XmWv Imc-
Ww. Fm- h pw kXy- i n- - W - s a- s v
Hm-aXv D]-tZ-in--Xn\p tijw \mep kap-
m-k--f-S-nb D-cm-n hnkvXr-X-
am- bn JWv U - \ - a Wv U m- \ - sNmw. B
\men Hm-a-t-Xn Bcym-h-nse
hnhn-[-a-X- cm-a-t-Xn ssP\n-I-fpsS
aXw, aqm-a-t-Xn {InkvXp-aXw \mem-a-
t-Xn Cmw-aXw Fn-h-bpsS JWvU-\-
am-\- Fgp-Xn-b-Xn\p tijw ]Xn-\m-em-
as kap-m-k-ns Ah-km-\-n kza-
Xhpw shfn-hm-mw. hni-Z-amb JWvU-\hpw
aWvU-\hpw Imm B{K-l-ap--h Cu
\mep kap-m-k-fpw t\mt--Xm-Wv.
Ign ]v kap-m-k--fn Ahn-S-hnsS
kmam-\y-ambn Nne JWvU-\-am-WvU-\-
sNbvXn-n-sv A-an-. Cu ]Xn-\mep kap-
m-kfpw ]w ]nSn-msX \ymb-Zr-jvSn-
tbmsS t\mp ]w Abm-fpsS Bflm-
hn kXy-ns AYw {]Im-inv B\w
kv ^ pcn- p- - X m- W v . imTyw, Zpcm- { K- l w,
Cujy Fn- h - t bmsS t\mp- I tbm,
tIp-Itbm sNbvXm Cu {K-ns
A`n-{]mbw bXm-ambn {Kln-p-hm hfsc
ITn-\-am-Wv.
Cu {K- ns A`n- { ]m- b - s a- s v
bYmY-ambn Nnn-m-sX-bn-cp-m Imcyw
{Kln- m- \ m- I msX Ipg- n- t m- t b- mw.
kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw \nW-bnv kXys
205
 kXym-{]-Im-iw BNm-c-m-\m-Nm-c- `yw A`yw
kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw Ak-Xys XyPn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXv ]c-am-\-s {]m]n-p-I-bmWv hnZzm-
m-cpsS I-hyw. Acw KpW-{Km-ln-I-fm-
Wv, hnZzm-c
- mbn [a-A
- Y-I- m-a- t- amfm-
Ip ^e- t\Sn {]k--cmbn hn-p-
-Xv.
{ioa--bm-\--kzm-an-I cNn
kXym-{]-Im-i-nse
BNm-cm-\m-Nmc `ym-`y hnj-b-sf
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p ]mw kap-mkw
Ign-p.
(]qhmw kqWw)

206
 2
D-cmw
 D-cmw
A\p`qanI cv
Am-bncw sIm-p app thZ-a-X-a-
msX asmcp aXhpw Cm-bn-cp-sp Xo-
bm-Wv. thtZm--am-b-sXmw hnZym-hn-cp--a-m-
-Xm-Wv. thZ--fpsS {]Nmcw \ne-Xv alm-
`m-c-X-bpw \nan--am-bn-cp-p. thZ-{]-Nmcw
\ne--tm Ahn-Zy-bpsS Ccpv temI-n
hym]n-p. a\p-jyv _pn-{`aw ]nSn-s]--Xp-
t]m-se-bm-bn. Ah tXmpw]Sn aX- {]N-
cn-n-p. Acw aX--fn Ghpw thZ-hn-cp-
--fmb \mep aX---]p-cm-W-a-Xw, ssP\-
a-Xw, {InkvXp-aX
- w, apl-Z- p-aXw Fnhkh
aX--fp-sSbpw aqe-am-Wv. Ah Hn\p]ndtI
Hmtcm-mbn \S-n-em-bn. Ch \men-tbpw ]ncn-
hp-I Bbn-c-n Ipd-bp-I-bn-. Cu aX-
mpw Ah-cpsS injy-mpw as-m-
hpw, kXym- k - X y- \ nbw sNp- h m
At\ym\yw henb ]cn-{iaw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p-
-Xn\pthn-bmWv Cu {Kw cNn-n-p--Xv.
kXy-a-X-ns afi-\hpw Ak-Xy-ns
Jfi-\hpw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xns {]tbm-
P\w Fm-hpw Ah-t_m-[n-np sImSp-p-
I-sb-Xp Xs-b-t{X. Fs _pn, ]Tn-v,
Cu \mep aX- - f p- t Sbpw aqe- { K- -
t\mn-bp-m-nb Adn-hv, Fn-h-b-\p-k-cnv
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw kaw Imcy- ]d-bp-Xv
\m-bn-cn-p-sav Rm a\-n-em-p-p. ad-
p-h Adn-hns ]p\e_v[n km[m-c-W-b-.
]-]mXw shSnv CXp t\mp--]w
kXyhpw Ak-Xy-hp-amb aX- Ghpw
Adn- h mIpw ]noSv Hmtcm- c p- - c p- t Sbpw
Adnhpw t_m[hpw A\p-k-cnv kXy-a-Xs
sImm\pw Ak-Xy-a-Xs Xm\pw Ign-bp-
-Xm-Wv.
]Xn-s\mmw kap-m-k-n ]pcm-WmZn
{K- aptJ\ imtJm-]-im-Jm-cq-]-n
Bcy-h-n {]N-cn-n-p-ff aX--fpsS
kwn-]vXa - mb KpW-tZmj hnNn-\w ImWmw.
Fs Cu {]hrn D]-Im-c-{]-Z-a-sp Icp-
Xp--]w hntcm-[n--bp-a-cp-Xv. Fs-m,
Fs XmXv]cyw Bs-nepw lm\n-bp-m-
p-Itbm Bsc-sb-nepw hntcm-[n-p-Itbm
A; kXym-k-Xy-\nbw sNp-Ibpw sNn-
p-Ibpw am{X-am-Wv. Fm-hcpw \ymbZr-jvSn-
tbmsS hn-p-X - p-Xs - -bmWv At-bw
DNn-Xw. a\pjy Pw e`n-p-Xv kXyhpw
Ak-Xyhpw \n-bn-p--Xn\pw \n-bn-n-
p--Xn-\p-am-Wv. hmZhnhmZw \S-p--Xnt\m
hntcm-[n-p--Xnt\m A. aX-a-Xm--c-
Xn-ep-ff hmZ-hn-hm-Z- \nanw temI-
n Fsmw A\njvS ^e--fp-m-bn-p-
s- pw, Dm- I p- s pw Dm- I p- s apw
]-]m-X-c-ln-X-cmb hnZz--\--dn-bmw.
a\p-jy-h-n anYym-a-X-a-Xm--c-
Xn-ep hncp--hm-Z- Cm-Xm-Ip--Xp-
hsc ]c-kv]cw B\w Dm-hp-Itb C. a\p-
jy-cmb \msa-mw, hnti-jnv hnZzm-m-cpw,
Cujybpw tZzjhpw shSnv kXyhpw Ak-
Xyhpw \n-bnv kXys {Kln-p-Ibpw
Ak-Xys XyPn--bpw, AXn\p ap--hsc
t{]cn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXm \apv Cmcyw
Akm-[y-a-.
Fm-h-tcbpw hntcm-[-Pmen IpSp-n-
bn- n- c n- p- Xv aX- h n- Z zm- m Xn- e p
hntcm[w \nan- - a m- s W- - X n kwibw
th. Ch XImcyw hnnv kh-P-\-\--
em-m-p-I-bm-sW-n DS-\Sn sFI-aXyw
Dm-Ipw. AXp-t\-Sp-hm-\p D]mbw Cu
{K\vYm-h-km-\-n Fgp-Xmw. Htc aX-n
{]hn-p-hm-\p Dmlw kh-i-n-am-
\mb ]c-am-flmhv Fm-h-cp-tSbpw Bflm-hn
{]Im-in-n-p-am-dm-I-s.
_pn-am-m-cn t{ijvT-cm-b-h-tcmSv
IqSp-X hnkvX-cn-p-n-.

]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
kXym-{]-Imiw
AY Bcym-hcvob aXJWvU\aWvUt\ hn[m-kymax
C\n Bcym-h-nse aX-fpsS JU\ aU-\- sNmw.
C\n Bcym- h tZi- \ n- h m- k n- I - f mb
t{ijvT-P-\--fpsS aX--sf-n {]Xn-Iq-ehpw
A\p-Iq-e-hp-ambn N-sN-mw. Cu Bcym-
h-tZ-i-n\p Xpey-ambn asmcp tZiw
temI-n-en-. AXn-\m-em-Wv, Cu \mSns\
kphW-`qan Fp ]d-bp--Xv. Cu \mn-emWv
kzWw, cXv\w apX-em-bh DXv]m-Zn-n-p--
Xv. Xn-an-a
- mWv Bcy-m krjvSn-bpsS XpS-
-n ChnsS hp ]m-Xv. krjvSn-hn-
j-b-s-n ]d--tm Bcy FXv
t{ijvT-m-cpsS t]cm-sWp ]d-p. 1 Bcy-
m-c-m--h-cpsS t]cv Zkyp Fm-Wv.
]mc-k-aWn `mcXw
temInep-ff - tZi-s
- fmw Cu tZis
]pI-gvp-p. Ah hnNm-cn-p--Xn--s\-
bmWv: ]mc-k-a-Wn 2sb-smcp cXv\--n-s\-
-n tIn-p-v. ]t AXv Cm--XmWv
bYmY ]mc-k-aWn Bcym-h-tZ-iamWv,
ChnsS hcp Zcn-{Z-cmb hntZ-in-I ]mc-k-
aWn sXm temlw t]mse kzW-am-bn, AXm-
bXv k--cmbn amdp-p.
krjvSn-Imew apX Am-bncw sImw
app hsc, temI- nse kmh- ` u- a - m
AYhm khm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmb N{I-hnam
1. kap-mkw 8. t]Pv ....................(351, 353.)
2. sXm teml-samw s]mm-p
k-ev]-am-{X-amb Hcp-cXv\w.
11
Bcy-m-cm-bn-cp-p. CX-c-tZ-i--fn kma--
cm-Pm--m am{X-am-Wp-m-bn-cp--Xv. Iuc-h-
-]m-WvU-h-cpsS Imew hsc Chn-Sps `c-W-
nepw A[o-\X - b- n-ep-amWv temI-nse cmPm-
-mcpw {]P-Ifpw Ign-n-cp--Xv. krjvSn-
bpsS BZn-bn Dmb 3- a\p-kvar-Xn-bnse
hmIyw CXn\p {]am-W-am-Wv.
""GX-t-i-{]-kq-Xky kIm-im-Z-{K-P-\x
kzw kzw Ncn{Xw in-t-c ]rYnhymw kh-
am-\hmx'' (a-\p. 2.20)
Cu Bcym-h-tZ-i-n P\n {_m-
W-cn-h- n-Zzm-m-cn \np-Xs temI-n-ep-
f-f a\p-jy--{_m--W, {Xn-b, sshiy,
iq{Z, Zkyp-, t apX-em-bh - s
- cmw Ah-
3. CXv `mc-Xob Ncn-{X-n\nv sXfn-bp-p.
a\p-hn-\p-tijw injy-cmb `rKp. \mc-Z
apX-em-b-h am\h [-imkv{Xw ]cn-jv-cn-n-
p-v. Cs a\p-kvar-Xn-bn ""CXn am\th [a-
imkvt{X `rKp-t{]m-mbmw kwln-Xm-bmav''
(`rKp t{]m-amb am\h [a-imkv{X kwln-X-
bn) Fp ImWp-p. `rKp-hn-\p-tijw Ghpw
Ipd-Xv cp-XhWsb-nepw a\-kvarXn ]cn-
jvIc- n-s - -n-p-v. Cu ]cn-jvIm-f
- psS
t]cpw Am-X-am-Wv. Cu kvarXn-bn cmP-
[w am{Xta {]h-Nn-n-p-q. CXnpw e`y-am-
Wv. ]mm-Xycpw Ah-cpsS A\p-Km-an-Ifpw a\p-
kvar-Xn-bpsS Ime-Lw {In.-]n. aqmw \qm-sp
KWn-p-Xv Cu {]n]vX tmI-sf B[m-c-
am-n-bmWv. CXv `mc-Xob CXn-lm-k-n\p
hncp-a - m-Wv.
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
\-h\p tbmPn hnZybpw, kz`m-h-kw-_-n-
bmb in-Wh - pw, hnZym-`ym-khpw {Kln-p-sIm-
-Ww.
bp[n- j v T nc alm- c m- P m- h ns cmP- k qb
b-]-cy-hpw alm-`m-c-X bpw hscbpw
Fm-cm-Py-fpw Chn-Sps A[o-\-n-em-bn-
cp-p. ssN\-bnse `K-Z-, Ata-cn--bnse
_{`p-hm-l-\, bqtdm-nse hnUm-em-
AYhm ]q--, bh-\-s\p ]d-b-s
bq\m, Cdm-\nse iey apX-emb cmPm--
m-scmw cmP-kqb b-nepw alm-`m-c-X-
bp--nepw Bm-\p-k-cWw ]s-Sp-n-cp-
p. cLp-hw-i - m `cnp h-tm cmh-W
Chn-Sps A[o-\-X-bn-embn cpp. {iocm-as
Imev hncp--ambn {]hn--Xn\v in
\In cmPyw Iog-Sn hn`o-j-Ws\ cmPm-hm-
n-b-Xm-Wv.
A[x-]-X\ ImcWw
kzbw-`ph cmPmhp apX ]mWvU-h hsc
Bcy-m-cpsS km{amPyw \ne-\n-p. AXn-\p-
tijw ]c-kv]-c-hn-tcm-[-m t]mcmSn \in-
p. Fp-sIm-s-m, ]c-am-flm-hns Cu
krjvSn-bn Zpc-`n-am-\n-Ifpw A\ym-b-mcpw
Ahn-Zzm-m-cp-am-b-h-cpsS cmPyw \op-\np-
I-bn-. hf-sc-b-[nIw [\w Bh-iy-n-\p-]-cn-
bmbn ssIhiw hp tNm aSn-bpw, ]pcp-
jm cmln-Xyhpw Cujybpw tZzjhpw
hnj-bm-k-nbpw {]am-Zhpw hn-p-sa-Xv
{]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-am-Wv. 4 CXp-sImv cmPy-n
]Snpw kz-`m-hhpw \jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw ZpKp-
Whpw Zpxkz-`m-hhpw hn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
aZy-]m-\w, amwkm-lm-cw, ssii-h-hn-hm-lw,
Xn- j v S - { ]- I mcw {]hn- apX- e mb
tZmj-fpw hn-pw.
AXp-t]m-se, bp-hn-`m-K-n, bp-X{-- -
Iu-i-ehpw ssk\y-ns A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-amb
inbpw hnv temI-n AP-a - m-bn-o-
cp-tm, Ah-cn ]-]m-Xhpw Zpc-`n-am-\hpw
hfv A\ymbw hn-pw. Cu tZmjw hp-
Iq-Sp-tm Xn hntcm[w Dm-bntm, at-
4. tem`mXv ]cn-{K-lw, ]cn-{K-lm-XvKu-c-a-hav,
Kuc-hmXv Be-kyav, Be-kymZv tXtPmf Zt[
(]m-cm-ic
- ob tPymXnj kwln-Xbvp `tm-Xv]e -
cNn lrZvkw-ln-Xm-So-I-bn Dr-Xw.
Nc-I-kw-lnX hnam-\-m-\w-33)
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
sX- nepw cmwInS Ipe- n \nv
FXnm Icp--\m-b-bm shp-hn-fnv
tXmev]n-ntm \miw hp-Iq-Spw. apkam-m-
cpsS Imev inh-Pn-bpw, tKmhn--knw-l\pw
Cs\ FXnv apnw cmPyw On-`n--am-
n-b-Xm-Wv.
Nne {]mNo\ Bcy-N-{I-hn-am
AY Inta- s sXcv h m ]tcft\y alm- [ -
\pcv[c {I hcvn\x tINnXv kpZypav\
`qcn-Zyp-avt\-{-Zypav\ Iph-ebmizhZvbu-h\m
iz{[y izmiz-]Xn ii-_np lcn--{m-av_-
coj \\p icymXn bmXy-X-c-Wym--tk-
\m-Zbx. AY acp--`-cX{]`r-Xtbm cmPm\x
(ssa-{Xyp-]-\n-jv. 1. 4.)
CXymZn {]am-W - f- n \nv, krjvSn apX
alm-`m-c-X-Imew htc-bvpw Bcy-Ip-e-n
\np am{Xta k{am-p-I Dm-bn-pq Fp
knn-p-p. Ctm- Ch-cpsS km-\-
\n`m-Ky-h-im cmPy{`jvScpw hntZ-in-Ip
Iogvs--hcpw Bbn-cn-p-p. kpZyp-av\, `qcn-
Zyp-av\, C{-Zyp-av\, Iph-e-bm-iz, buh-\m-
iz (h-{y-iz) Aiz-]-Xn, ii-_n-p, lcn-
-{, Aw_-co-j, \\-p, icym-Xn, bbm-
Xn, A\-c-Wy, A-tk-\, acpv Fn-
hcpw `c-X\pw kmh-`u-a--kh-tem-I-{]-kn-
-cmb N{I-hn-am Bbn-cp-sv tcJ-
s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xp-t]mse kzmbw-`q-hmZn N{I-
hn-am-cpsS t]cp-I a\p-kvar-Xn, alm-`m-
cXw apX-emb {K--fn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p.
CsXmw sIp- I - Y - I - f m- s Wv ]d- b p- Xv
Am-\n-IfpsSbpw ]-]m-Xa - p-h
- c
- p-sSbpw
]Wn-bm-Wv.
Bt-bm-kv{Xhpw apw
tNmZyw: Bt-bmkv{Xw apX-emb hnZy-
I-sf-n Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-Xv kXy-amtWm?
Am-ev ]oc-nbpw tXmpw apw Dm-
bn-cptm?
Dcw: kXy-am-Wv, Cu Bbp-[-fpw
Dm-bn-cp-p. ]ZmY-hn-Zy-sImv Ch-sbmw
km[n-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
tNmZyw: Ch tZh-X-I-fpsS a{-knn
Bbn-cptm?
Dcw:A. Akv{X-ik - v{X- knn-p-
-Xn\v "a{' thWw. hnNmcw AYhm a\-
210
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
\-amWv a{-. a\-\-m-em-Wv, Ah knn-
n-cp-Xpw {]tbm-Kn-n-cp--Xpw. a{w shdpw
i_vZ-a-b-am-Wv. AXn\nv {Zhyw Dm-hp-I-
bn-. a{w P]n-m An-bp-m-Ip-sav ]d-
bp ]w a{w P]n-p--bm-fns lrZ-
bhpw \mpw `kva-am-I-W-a-tm. i{Xp-hns\
sImm ]pd-sv Xm Xs acn-pI! a{-
sa-m hnNm-c-am-Wv. cmPm-hns a{n-sb--
Xn\v cmP-Ia--fpsS hnNm-cn-p-Im-c Fp
]d-bp-p. AXp-t]mse a{w AYhm hnNm-c-
m krjvSn-bp-sS-sbmw ]ZmY--sf--n-
bp m\w BZy-ambpw ]noSv {Inb-bn
\nv At\-I-{]-Im-c-n-ep ]Zm-fpw
{Inbm-Iu-i-e-fpw DXv]--am-Ip-p. temlw
sImv _mWtam tKmftam Dmn AXn
Xo sImfpn-bm hmbp-hn ]pI ]c---
-tXm, kqcy-In-c-Wtam hmbpthm Gevp-
tm In-Pz-en-p-Itbm sN---h--
ap hkvXp- shn-cn-p--Xns t]cmWv
Bt-bm-kv{Xw. CXns\ XS-b-W-sa-n hmcp-
Wmkv{Xw {]tbm-Kn--Ww. AXm-b-Xv, i{Xp
i{Xp-ssk-\ys Bt-bmkv{Xw {]tbm-Knv
\in-n-m {ian-m, Xs ssk\y-ns
c- b v mbn tk\m- ] Xn hmcp- W mkv { Xw
{]tbm-Knv Bt-bm-kv{Xs \nhm-cWw
sN-Ww. Bt-bm-kv{X-n \np ]pd-s-
Sp [qaw hmbp-kv]i-ta-m-ep-St\ Pe-ambn
cq]m--c-sv An ian-- hkvXp-
CXn- \ p- ] - t bm- K n- - W w. AXp- t ]mse
\mKmkv{Xw (\m-K-]m-iw) i{Xp--fn {]tbm-
Kn-m-ep-St\ Ah Ne-\-ti-jn-bn-m-sX, sIn-
bn--h-tc-tm-se-bm-Ipw. taml-\m-kv{Xhpw CXp-
t]mse {]tbm-Kn-m-ep-St\ i{Xp-sf aqn-
X-cmn Dd----hw amZ-I{Zhy \nd-
-Xm-Wv. C-s\-bmWv Akv{X-i-kv{X-fpw
Dm- b n- c p- - X v . In- s Imtm Im- S n-
sImtm as-s-nepw sImtm sshZypXn
Dmn i{Xp-\miw sNbvXn-cp-p. AXn\p
Bt-bm-kv{X-sap ]mip-]-Xm-kv{X-sapw
]d-n-cp-p.-
tXm-v, ]ocn Fo t]cp-I hntZ-i-`m-
j-I-fn-te-Xm-W v. kwkvIr-X - n-t etXm av
Bcym-hob `mj-If - n-tetXm A. Fm
hntZ- i n- I ]ocn Fp ]d- b p- - X n\v
kwkvIr-X\ - m-aw, iXLv\n Fm-Wv. tXmn\v
`pipWvUn Fp ]d-bpw. kwkvIr Xw Adn-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
bm--h {`a-n s]v Hn\v asm-s-gp-
Xp-Ibpw Fsm-stbm ]pe-p-Ibpw sNp-
p. CsXmpw _pn-am-mv {]am-W-ambn
kzoI-cn-m Ign-bp-I-bn-.
IqSmsX temI-n Fsmw hnZy-I
{]N- c n- n- ptm Ah- s bmw Bcym- h -
n \nv CuPn-]vp-Im-cpw 5 Ah-cn \nv
{Kop-Imcpw Ah-cn \nv tdmam-mcpw Ah-
cn \nv bqtdm-p-Imcpw Ah-cn \nv Ata-
cn apX-emb tZi-mcpw sImp-t]m-bX - mWvv.
Ctm hsc kwkvIr-X-n-\p-{X {]Nmcw
ap tZi--fn-en-. Pa-\n-bnkwkvIr-X-
n\p henb {]Nm-c-ap-spw tam-aq-e 6
kmbnv ]Tn--{Xbpw kwkvIrXw Bcpw ]Tn-
n-n-spw ]d-bp-Xv shdpw ]d-n am{X-
am-Wv. Fs-m--b-kvan tZti {Zptam
\mkvXn-X-ss{X-cWvtUmf ]n-{Zp-am-b-tX--hr--
an-m-n-Sv Bh-Wpw alm-hr-w 7 Fp-
tm? AXp-t]mse kwkvIr-Xh - n-Zym-`ym-kta
Cm P-\n-bn tam-aq-e kmbv]v
Ipdp ]Tn--Xp-Xs Ahn-tS-bv-[n-I--m-Wv.
Bcym-h-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s-Sp-p-tm
AXp hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. kwkvIr-X-n Fgp-
Xnb Ins AYw {Kln-p-hm t]mepw
Ign-hp--h Pa-\n-bn Xptemw hnc-f-am-
sWv Xt-io-b-\mb Hcp {]nkn--ens
In \nv Rm Adnnpv. tam-aq-
e kmbv ] ns kwkv I r- X - k m- l n- X yhpw
8
kzev]w thZ-hym-Jy-\hpw I-Xn \nv
F\nv a\-n-em-Xv, Bcym-ho-b-cmb Bfp-
I FgpXnb Ipdn-p-I-fn Anp t\mn
AXp-anXpw Fgp-XpI am{Xta tam-aq-e
kmbv]v sNbvXn-p-s--Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-
n\v ""bpRvPpn {_[-\-a-cpjw Ncw ]cn-
X-pjx tcmNt tcmN\m Znhn'' 9 F-
Xnse {_[\w F ]Z-n\p Ipdp Fm-
5. blq-Z-m-cpsS aqe D]-tZ-jvSm-
CuPn-]vXn\nv sImp-t]m-bn Fv
]WvUnv `K-h--v.
6. amIvkvayq-e F-Xns kwkvIrXw EtKz-Z-
`m-jym-cw-`-n amIvkvayq-e Xs-
tam--aq-ecx Fv Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
7. aqn-m-cm-Pyv apdn-ap- cmPm-hv.
8. amIvkvayq-e-cpsS History of Ancient Sanskrit
Literature Bbn-cn--Ww.
9. EtKzZw 1.6.1.
211
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
WYw Ipdn-n-cn-p--Xv. kmb-Wm-Nm-cy
kqcy Fv AYw ]d- n- c n- p- Xv
CXns\ At]-nv \-Xm-Wv. Fm icn-
bmb AYw Cuiz-c Fm-Wv. Fs EtKz-
Zm-Zn-`m-jy-`q-an-I 10bn t\mp-I. icn-bmb
AYw AXn-se-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. AXn \nv Pa-
\n- b n- t ebpw tam- a q- e kmbv n- s bpw
kwkvIr-X-]m-WvUnXyw F{X-sbp a\-n-em-
Ipw.
temI- n hym]n- n- p aX- fpw
Adnhpw Fmw Bcym-h tZip \np
{]N-cn-n-n-p-Xp Xs-bm-Wv. Ptm-embvv
kmbvv F ]mc-kn-I AYhm {^p-Im-
c Xs ""ss__n C CUy'' F
]pkvX-I-n Fgp-Xp-Xp t\mp-I. icn-
bmb AYw AXn-se-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. AXn
\nv Pa-\n-bn-tebpw tam-aq-e kmbvn-
sbpw kwkvIr-X-]m-WvUnXyw F{X-sbp
a\-n-em-Ipw.
temI- n hym]n- n- p aX- fpw
Adnhpw Fmw Bcym-h tZip \np
{]N-cn-np Xs-bm-Wv. Ptm-embvv kmbvv
F ]mc-kn-I AYhm {^p-Im-c Xs
""ss__n C CUy'' F ]pkvX-I-
n Fgp-Xp-Xp t\mpI: ""Fm Adn-
hn-sbpw \-I-fp-sSbpw `WvUmcw Bcym-
h tZi-amWv Fm hnZy-Ifpw aXhpw Cu
tZi-n \nmWv {]N-cn-n-cp--Xv. Fnv
Cuiz-c-t\mSp {]mn-pp: ""kth-izcm!
]qh-Im-ev Bcym-h tZi-n-\p-m-
bn-cp DXn Fs \mSn\pw ssIh-cp-n-
bmepw'' B {Kw t\mp-I.
Zmcm-in-tImlv
Zmcm-in-tImlv F cmPmhpw kwkvIrX
`mj-bn-ep-X - p-t]mse kqW-hnZy thsdmcp
`mj-bp-an-sv Xocp-am-\n-p. As\ Atlw
D]-\n-j-ns Xn-a-bn 11 Fgp-Xp-p.
Rm Ad_n XpS-nb hfsc `mj-I ]Tn-
p. Fm Fs a\-n B\-tam kwi-
10. thZ-]-cy-S\w Fv ae-bmf \maw. t]Pv 208-209
Hmw-]-Xnv sshZn-I-km-ln-Xy-]-cn-j-ns
{]Im-i-\w.
11. Zmcm-in-tIm-lns D]-\n-jZv Xa ]mgvkn
`mj-bn-em-Wv. AXns t]cv kntc AIv_
(h cl-kyw) Fm-Wv.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
b-\n-hr-ntbm Dm-bn-. kwkvIrXw t\mp-
Ibpw tIp-Ibpw sNbvX-tm-gmWv ]c-am-
\w Dm-b-Xv.
tPymXn-mkv{Xw
Imin-bnse \-{X-_w-m-hn D inip-
am-c-N{Iw t\mp-I, th-hw kwc-n-p-
n-s-nepw Cpw AXn \nv tPymXn-
mkv{X kw_-n-bmb Fsmw hnh-c--
fmWv e`n-p-Xv! Pb-]q cmPmhv AXv
\mn kwc-n-m \-bm-cn-pw. 12
alm-`m-c-X-bpw F hn\
alm-`m-c-X-bp--tm-Sp-IqSn Cs\ kI-
e-tZ-i-pw intcm-a-Wn-bm-bn-cp Cu tZi-
n\v t\cn XI-bn\nv Cp-ht- cbvpw
tamN\w e`n-n-n-. Fs-m ktlm-Z-c
sImp XpS-n-bm \mi-ap-m-Ip-sa--Xn-se-
mWp kwibw?
hn\m-i-Imte hn]-co-X-_p-n 13 F-sXmcp
Ihn-hm-Iy-am-Wv. \mi-ap-m-Ip-tm _pn
hn]- c o- X - a m- b n- ov hn]- c o- X - I m- c y-
sNbvXp--Xp-S-p-p. Bsc-nepw t\hgn D]-
tZ-in-m sXn--cn-p-Ibpw A]-I-S-hgn D]-
tZ-in-m icn-bm-sWp [cn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
alm-hn-Zzm-m, 14 cmPm--m, alm-cm-Pm-
-m, Ejn aljn-am Fn-h-scmw alm-
12. Pb-]q cmPm-hm-bn-cp khm-bvam-\-knw-l-\mWv
Imin, Dss-\n, Zln Fn-h-S--fn \-{X-
_w-m-hp-I ]Wn-I-gn-n--Xv. Zln-bnse
\-{X-_w-m-hn\v P an Fp-]-d-bp-p.
13. NmW-Iy-\oXn 16.5
14. `cZzmP-]p-{X-\m-Ib
- m `c-ZzmP-s\pw t]cp-v.
AY-imkv{Xw Iev]-kq{Xw Fn-h-bpsS
cN-bn-Xmhv Ct-l-am-Wv. `ova, IuW-]-Z-
Fn-hcpw thZ-]m-cw-KX - cpw AY-im-kv{X-{]-h
- m-
fpw Bbn-cp-p. Ir]m-Nm-cy KuX-a-a-ljn-
bpsS ]nap-d-m-c-\m-bn-cp-p.
15. Ime- { I- t aW Cm- s Xbmsbp Xmev ] - c yw.
alm-`m-cX- -
bp--n-\p-tijw iu\-Im-Zn-I-fpsS ]c-c 200
hjw \ne-\n-p. hopw 400 hj-mew Ejn-
am-cpsS Ime-am-bn-cp-s-nepw cmPy-hy-h Xmdp-
am-dm-b-Xn-\m \jvS-s {]Xm]w hnZym-cw-Kpw
hos-Sp-m-\m-bn-. thZ-hnZy tem]np ap
imkv{X--fpsS ]T-\-]m-T-\-fpw {ItaW tem]n-
p. hnj-bm-k--cmb cmPm--m, irwKm-c-{]-[m-
\-amb Imhy-{K-- cNn-n-p. Ah-bpsS A`y-
k\w \nanw cmjv{S-n\v henb lm\n-I-fp-m-
bn. AXnpw XpS-cp-p.
212
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
`m- c - X - b p- - n h[n- - s - S p- I bpw acn-
pIbpw 15 sNbvXp. Atm hnZybpw thtZm-
-Ia[a {]Nm-chpw \jvS-s-p. Cujy,
tZzjw, Zpc-`n-am\w Fnh ]c-kv]cw {]I-Sn-
n-m XpS-n. Iq-p--h Imcy-m-c-\m-
bn. Bcym-hw Nn-`n--ambn sNdp-cm-Py--
fm-bn. Cu Ah--bn Zzo]m--c--fnse `c-
W-hy-h Bcp \S-n-em-m?
{_m-W hnZym-lo-\-cm-b-tm {Xnb
sshiy-iq-{Z-m-cpsS IY-sb-m-hm-\mWv? AY-
k-lnXw thZ- ]Tn-p k{-Zmbw Cm-
Xm-bn. 16 \nXy-hr-n-p-thn a{w sNm
am{Xw \ne-\nn. AXp-t]mepw {Xn-b-
tcbpw apw ]Tn-n-m-Xm-bn. Ahn-Zzm-m-cm-b-
h Kpcp--m-cm-b-tm hymPw, Im]-Syw,
A[aw Fn-hbpw Ah-cn \nv s]cp-In-h-
p. {_m-W kzw \nXy-hr-nv Gm-
Sp-m--W-sav Btem-Nn-p-d-p. kh-k--
X-ambn Xocp-am-\n {]Imcw Ah ""R
\n-fpsS kw]qPy tZh-m-cm-sWv'' {Xn-
bm-Zn-Isf D]-tZ-inp ]Tn-n-p. Rsf ]qPn-
msX kzKtam apntbm e`n-n-spw
As\ sNm--h tLmc-\-c-I-n ]Xn-
p-sapw ]Tn-n-p. ]qW-hn-Zzm--mcpw [man-
I-cp-am-b-hp \evIn-bn-cp {_m-W, ]qP-
\o-b apX-emb thZ--E-jn-t{]m--amb t]cp-
I aqV-cpw, hnj-bm-k - c - pw e-S - m-cpw, I]-
Scpw A[an- I - f p- a m- b - h Gs- S p- p. B
B]vX-hn-Zzm-m-cpsS e-W- Cu aqVm-
flm-v F-s\-bmWp tNcpI? Fm,
{Xn-bm-Zn-I-fmb bP-am-\-m kwkvIr-X-hn-
Zy-bn Xopw A-cm-bXp \nanw Cq-
]d t]mg---sfmw icn-bm-sW--
h hniz-kn-p. As\ Cu \ma-am-{X-{_m--
W hmWp hne-kn. Fm-h-scbpw hmKvPm-e-
m ]mn-em-n. {_-hmIyw P\mcvZ\x 17
AXm- b Xv {_m- W - a p- J - p- \ np hcp
hmIyw kmm `K-hms Acp-f - m-Sm-sWp
hnNm-cn-W - w. F-h ]d-p-Xp-S - n. {Xn-
16. kXy-bpKw apX alm-`m-c-X-Imew hsc
thZmY-ns ]c-c Ahn-n--ambn XpSp
t]mp. bmkvIs Imev `mc-Xob hnZzm-mn-
S-bn thZmY-t-n kwibw \ne-\n-n-cp-
s bqtdm-]y ]WvUn-X-m-cpsS hmZw Ncn-{X-
hn-cp--amWv Fv ]WvUnXv `K-h--v.
17. ]mWvU-h-Ko-X-bn\nv
kXym-{]-Im-iw
bm-Zn-hW- _n-X-cmb A AYhm
AI- - p-s]m-n-bh
- cpw [\-]u-jvIe - y-ap-h
-
Bhp- I bpw {_mW injy- m- c m- h p- I bpw
sNbvX-tm {_m-W-\m-a-[m-cn-Iv hnj-
bm-\--ns ]qm-h\w e`n-p. temI-n
Fsmw \- X ptm AsXmw {_m-
Wp-X - m-sWpw Ch ]d-p-]c - n. 18.
-
KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--fn A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp
{_m-WmZn hW-hy-h \in-nv P\m-[n-
jvTn-X-am-n. ac-W-]-cyw hsc-bp Zm\w
Bcm-[-I-cn \np hmp-hm\pw XpS-n.
tXmpw-]Sn tXmn-bXp sNp-hm\pw R
`qtZ-h-m-cm-sW-pw, Rsf tkhn-m--
hv kzK-temIw e`n--bn-sp ]d-bp-
hm\pw IqSn Ch Bcw-`n-p. \n GXp
temI-p-t]m-Ip-sav Ch-tcmSp tNmZn--Ww.
tLmc-\-cIw In- {]hr-n-bmWv \n
sNp--sX-pw, Iran-IoS ]Xw-Km-Zn-I-fn
sNp P\n-p-sapw ]d-m Ch {Ip-
cm-Ipw. Fnp ]dbpw: ""R i]n-pw.
\n \in-pw. {_-t{Zmlo hn\-iyXn
Fv {]am-W-ap-v. {_m-W-t{Zmlw sNp-
-h apSn-p-t]mIpw'' Imcyw icn-bm-Wv,
]q-th-Z - fpw ]c-am-flm-hn-t\bpw Adn-bp
[am-flmhpw kh-tem-tIm-]I - m-cn-bp-amb Bfn-
t\mSv tZzjw Imp--h \n-b-ambpw apSn-
bpw. ]t {_m-W-\-m--hs\ {_m-W-
s\p hnfn-p-Itbm ]qPn-p-Itbm sNp-
Xv DNn-X-a-.
t]mv
tNmZyw: ]ns R-fm-cm-Wv.
Dcw: \n-fmWv t]mv
tNmZyw: t]ms-m-em-cmWv?
Dcw: CXns AYw tdma `mj-bn
]nXm-hv, hen-b-h Fs-m-am-Wv. Fm
Chn-sS, NXnhpw Im]-Syhpw sImv A\ysc
hnv Xnjv S w km[n- p- - h - s c- b mWv
t]mv Fp ]d-bp--Xv.
tNmZyw: R {_m-W-m km[p-
R-fpsS A {_m-W, A
18. kcvhwkzw {_m-Wt- ky-Zw-bXv Inn
KXo KXav.
(a-\p-kvarXn 1100 CXp {]n-]vX-tm-I-am-Wv)
213
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
{_mWn, R C km[p-hns injy-
cp-am-Wv.
Dcw: Imcyw icn- b m- W v . Fm
tIq ktlm-Zcm! amXm-]n-Xm- {_m-
W-cm-b-Xp-sIm-tm, km[p-hns injy-cm-b-Xp-
sImtm Bcpw {_m-Wtcm km[p-tfm
BIp-n-. Ah-c-h-cpsS D-a-amb KpW-Ia-
kz- ` m- h - - f mWv {_m- W t\m km[pthm
Bp--Xv. Abm ]tcm-]-Im-cn-bp-am-bn-cn--
Ww.
tdmanse t]mv
\n-fpsS ]m]- Fs apn Gp
]d- m Rm an- p- - X m- s Wv
tdmanse t]mv Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv ]d-
bm-dp-sv tIn-p-v. \t tkhn-m-sXtbm
\psS A\p-hm-Z-an-m-sXtbm Bpw kz-
n {]th-i-\-an-. kz-n t]mIm
B{K-ln-p--h F{X ]Ww \psS ASp-
Gn-ptam AXn\p X km[\ kma-
{Kn-I Ahn-hnsS Inpw. CXp-tIv ""A-
cmb _n-X'' kz-n t]mIm B{K-
lnv t]mn\v btY-jvSw ]Ww \In--gn-
m t]mv tbip-hn-tbpw adn-b-n-tbpw
{]Xn-aI- p at[y \nv C\n Fgp-Xpw t]mse
Hcp lpnI Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp-pw. ""]cn-ip
\ma-m hmgv-s Cutim-an-in-lmtb!
C-bm \ns \ma-n kz-n hcp-
hm-\mbn ew cq]m Fs ] AS-n-p-
v. Ch kz-nse-p-tm \o \ns
]nXm-hns kzK-cm-Py-n Ccp-]--m-
bncw cq]bvv hoSpw ]d-pw, Ccp-]--m-
bn-c-n\v hm-l-\w, \mbmp kma-{Kn-I,
`rXy Fn-h-bpw, Ccp-]--m-bn-c-n\v
`Ww hkv{Xw apX-em-b-h-bpw, Ccp-]--
m-bn-c-n\v kz-mpw _p-an-{Xm-Zn-
Ipw sNe-hn-\p hIbpw sImSp-n-p-
am-dm-IWw''. lpn-Ib - n t]mv Hn-v sImSp-
nv ]dbpw ""CXv \ns ac-W-k-a-bv I-
d-bn Xebvp Xmsg hbvm _p-an-
{Xm-Zn-It- fmSv ]d-bW
- w. ]noSv \ns sImp-
t]m- I m hcp amem- J - a m \nsbpw
lpn-It- bbpw kz-n-tep sImp-t]m-
bn. Fgp-Xn-b-]Sn th-sXm-sbpw sNbvXp-
X-cpw.''
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
t\mq! kz--ns IpI t]mv Gs-
Sp-n-cn-p-s-p-tXm-p-p. bqtdm-n
auVyw Dm-bn-cp--{Xbpw Imew t]mns
Ifn-I \Sp-h-p. Ctm Adn-hp-]-c-
m XpS-n-b-tXm-Sp-IqSn t]mns I-
-fn-I hf-sc-sbmpw \S-p-n-s-nepw
thc-p-shp ]d-p-Iq-Sm.
Bcym-h-nse t]mp-I
CXp-t]mse Bcym-h-nepw t]mp-
I e-W -
- n\v Ah-Xm-c - s - f-Spv cmPm-
-mpw P\-pw hnZym-`ymkw hne-
p-I, \-h-cp-ambn kwKaw A\p-h-Zn-m-Xn-cn-
p-I, cm]-I I_-fn-n--e-msX asmpw
sNm-Xn-cn-pI XpS-nb eoe-I BSp-p-
v. NXn-hv, Im]Syw apX-emb Ipn-X-hr-n-
I sNp--h-cpsS t]cmWv t]mv, FXv
kvac-W-bn-ep-m-I-Ww. Ah-cn [man-Icpw
hnZzm-mcpw ]tcm-]-Im-cn-I-fp-am-b-h-cp-s-n
Ah {_m-Wcpw km[p--fp-am-Wv. Im]-Sy-
hpw, NXn-hpw, kzmYhpw sImv ap--hsc
sIm- b - S nv XImcyw t\Sp- - h scp
thWw t]mv F ]Z-n\v AYw {Kln-
t-X - v. {_m-W, km[p Fo ]Z-v
D-a-a-\p-jy Fpw AYw {Kln--Ww.
t\mq! D-a-{_m--Wcpw km[p-fpw
Cs-n thZmZn kXy-im-kv{X--fpsS kzc-
k- l n- X - a p A[ym- ] - \ w, ssP\, apow,
{InkvXy BZn-bm-b-h-cpsS he-bn \np
kwc- - W w, thZmZn kXy- i m- k v { X- - f n
Xmev]cyw, hWm-{i-a-]m-e\w Fnh Bcp
sNpw? {_m-Wpw km[p-p-a-msX
CXn- \ mv Ign- h pv ? hnjm- Z - ] y- a rXw
{Kmlyav 19 (a-\p) hnj-n \np-t]mepw
AarXw kzoI-cn-p-Xp t]mse-bmWv t]mp-
eo-e-I H-[nIw Dm-bn-cp-n-pw, Bcy-m
ssP\-a-X--fn \nv c-s]v \ne-\np-
Xv Fv a\-n-em--Ww.
Bcm- [ - I hnZym- l o- \ - c m- I bpw X
Aev]-kzev]w ]qPm-]m-Tm-Zn-I ]Tnv Kn-
jvT-cmbn Fm-hcpw IqSn-bm-tem-Nnv Xn-s-
Spn cmPm-hn-t\mSpw apw {_m-Wcpw km[p-
fpw AZ-fiy-cmWv Fpw apw ]dp
19. a\p-kvarXn 2239
20. alm-`mjyw 1.2.64
214
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
hniz- k n- n- p. t\mq! "{_mtWm \
lhyx 20km[pcv\-l-hyx' C{]-Im-c-ap
hN-\- bYmY {_m-W-cp-tSbpw km[p-
-fp-tSbpw Imcy-n-em-bn-cp-Xv t]m-m
X- t f- - n- b m- s Wp hcp- n- h - p. AXp-
t]mse, hymP-hN - \-
- Iqn-tv {K--
fp-mn Ejn-ap-\n-am-cpsS t]cn {]N-cn-n-n-
p-ap-v. B {]ikvX Ejn-ap-\n-am-cpsS t]cp
]dv Xv e`n-t in-I-f-S-nb
hyh--I-sfmw Cm-Xm-n. ]noSv CjvSw
t]mse {]hn-m-\m-cw-`n-p. t]m-m ]d-
bm-sX, Dd-mt\m \nevm-t\m, Ccn-m-t\m,
t]mImt\m hcm-t\m, Xnmt\m IpSn-mt\m
km[y-am-Im-h - w ISp \nb-a - f - p-mn
\ne-hn hcp-n. t]m--m-cmb {_m-W--km-
[p-\m-a-[m-cn-Ipw CjvS-ap--sXpw sNm-
\pw, Hn\pw in- e - ` n- m- X n- c n- m- \ pw,
Ahv in \evIp--Xn-s\-n Btem-Nn-
p--Xp-t]mepw ANn-y-am-I---h-hpw
cmPm--m-scsmp Xocp-am-\--sf-Sp-n-p.
Cu auVyw Dm-b-tm t]m-m Cn--
]Sn sNm\pw sNn-m\pw XpS-n. Cu inYn-
e- X - b psS XpSw alm- ` m- c - X - b p- - n\v
Bbncw hjw app-Xs Bcw-`n-n-cp-p.
Am-ev Ejn-ap-\n-am-cp-m-bn-cp-s-nepw
Ipsd Ae-kX, {]am-Zw, Cujy, tZzjw apX-
em-bh \mn-n-cp-p. AXv {ItaW ]Sp-]-
-en-p.
kXy-amb D]t-Ziw Cm-Xm-b-tm Bcym-
h- n AhnZy hym]nv ]c- k v ] cw
Ielw XpS-n. Fs-m--D-]-tZ-tiym-]-tZ-
jvSr-XzmXv Xnnx CX-c-Ym ]c-cm 21
Fp kmwJyw. AXm-bXv D-tam--a-cmb
D]-tZ-jvSm- hcp-tm icn-bm-b-co-Xn-bn
[aw AYw Imaw tamw Fnh knn-
pw. D-tam-]-tZ-jvSm-fpw t{imXm-fpw
Cm-Xm-bm Atm A-]-c-c ]nd-pw.
]noSv kXv]p-cp-j-m P\nv ktXym-]-tZiw
sNp-tm A-]-c-c Cm-Xmbn {]Imi
]c-c ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-pw.
B t]m-m X-tfbpw X-fpsS ]mZ-
-tfbpw ]qPn-n-p-hm XpS-n. CXn-emWv
\n-fpsS awK-fs - a-h- ]d-p-Xp-S
- n. Bfp-
I Chp hiw-h-Z-cm-b-tm Ch sXp-
I-fnepw hnj-bm-k-n-bnepw \na--cm-hp-Ibpw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Bn]w CS- b - s \- s bhw Bfp- I
Chsc A\p-kc - n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnZy, _ew,
_pn, ]cm-{I-aw, iucyw, hocyw apX-emb ip`-
Kp-W-sfmw \jvS-am-bn. hnj-bm-k--cm-bn,
amwk-a-Zy-tk-h\w tKm]y-ambn Bcw-`n-p.
hma-amw--] "a' Imcw
Ch-cn Hcp-h hma-amKw m]n-p. inh
Dhm-N, ]mh-Xyp-hm-N. ss`ch DhmN Fn-
s\ ]e t]cp-I FgpXn X{-sap t]cpw
sImSp- p. AXn FgpXn hn- c n- p
hnNn{X eoe-IfpsS DZm-l-cWw t\mq:
1. aZyw amwkwN ao\wN ap{Zm ssaYp\
tahN GtX ]-a-Imcmx kyptamcvZm ln
bptK bptK 22
2. {]hr-t-ss`-choNt{I kcvth-hcvWm
ZznPm-Xbx \nhr-t-ss`-choNt{I kcvth
hcvWmx ]rYIv ]rYIv 23
3. ]oXzm ]oXzm ]p\x ]oXzm bmh-Xv]-
XXn `qXte ]p\- c p- mb ssh ]oXzm
]p\cvP \ hnZy-tX 24
4. amXr-tbm\nw ]cn-XyPy hnl-tc-cvh-
tbm-\njp.
5. thZ-im-kv{X-]p-cmWn kmam\y KWnIm
Ch GssIh imw`-ho-ap{Zm Kp]vXm Ipe-h-
[q-cn-h 25
1. Cu Ao-kp-Ifmb t]m-m-cpsS Ifn-
I t\mp-I, henb A[-fpw thZ-hn-
cp-- f - mb {]hr-n-Is - f-bmWv Cu hma-amKn-
I t{ijvT-m-cmbn Icp-Xn-bn-cp--Xv. aZyw,
amwkw, ayw, ap{Z AYhm hnhn-[m-Ir-Xn-I-
fn hdp-p-m-p ]e-lm-c-fpw tbm\n-
]m-{X-[m-c-ap-{Z-bpw, ssaYp\w AYhm ]pcp-j-
m-scmw inh-mcpw kv{XoI-sfmw ]mh-
Xn-am-cp-am-sWp [cnv Alw ss`c-hkvXzw
ss`cho lymh-tbm-ckvX kwKax 26 F
AY-an-m hN-\hpw sNmn kv{Xo]p-cp-j-
21. kmwJy-Zi\w 3.79-81.
22. Imfo-X{w
23. IpemW-h-X{w 8.96.
24. IpemW-h-X{w 7.100
25. m\-k--e\n X{w
26. Rm ss`c-h \o ss`chn \man-cp-h
Xn-em-Is kwK-aw.
215
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
m kwK-an-pI Fn-h-bn-semp t]mepw
tZmj-am-sWv hma-amKn-I hnNm-cn-n-n-.
kv]in-p-hm t]mepw ]mSn-m \oN-
kv{Xo-Isf Ch AXn-]-cn-ip-Ifmbn KWn-
p-p. DZm-lc - W
-
- n\v kv]in-m t]mepw
]mSn-sv imkv{Xw hne-p cP-kz-e-Isf
hma-amKn-I AXn-]-hn-{X-I-fmbn ImWp-p.
Ah- c psS hmbn tXmnb tImX- mv
tIpI
cP-kzem ]pjvIcw XocvYw NWvUm-eoXp
kzbw-Imin. Ncva-Imco {]bmKx, kym{Z-P-Io-
a-Yp-cm-aXm Atbm[ym ]pkn t{]mm 27
cP-kz-e-am-bp kam-Kaw ]pjvIc kv\m\-
Xp-ey-am-Wv. NWvUmen kam-K-a-am-Is Imin-
bm-{X-bpw. ]d-n-bp-am-bp kam-Kaw {]bm-K-
kv\m-\-hpw, cP-I-bp-am-bp kam-Kaw aYpcm
bm{Xbpw Imm- f - n- b p- a m- b p kam- K aw
Atbm[ym Xo-kv\m-\hpw t]mse-bm-Wv.
aZy- n\v XoYw, amwk- n\v ipn,
]pjv]w, ay-n\v XrXo-b, Pe-Xpw-_n-I,
ap{Zbvv NXpYn, ssaYp-\ - n\v ]an Fn-
s\ amcpw a\-n-em-m-Xn-cn-m thn
KqV-\m-a-fpw \In-bn-cn-p-p. Iuf,
B{Z- h o- c , imw`- h , KWw apX- e mb
t]cpI kzbw \evIn-bn-p-ap-v. hma-amKn-I-
f-m--hsc I-I, hnap-J, ipjvI, ]ip
Fs-m-amWv hnfn-p--Xv.
2. ss`c-ho-N{Iw XpS-n-bm AXns]-
Sp {_m-W apX NWvUm-e hsc ZznP-
\m-Wv. AXp-I-gn-m Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-
h-cpsS hW--fn-tep aSp-p.
3. ss`cho N{I- n hma- a mKn- I
\netm ]e-I-tatem Hcp _np-hnv Nppw
{XntIm-Ww, NXp-cw, hrw Fnh hc-bvp-
p. AXn Ip-IpSw hv AXp ]qPn-p-p.
]ns "{_-im]w hntam-NY' F a{w
sNmp-p. It! \o {_m-Zn-I-fpsS im]-
n \nv ap-am-Iq. Fw. hma-amKn-
I-f-m--hpw {]th-i-\-an-m Hcp KqV-
-ev kv{Xo]p-cp-j - m Hp-Iq-Sp-p. ]pcp-
j-m Hcp kv{Xosb \-bm-nbpw kv{XoI
Hcp ]pcp-js\ \-\m-nbpw ]qPn-p-p.
]noSv Bcp-sS-sb-nepw `mcy-tbm, kztam
27. cp{Z-bm-ae X{w
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
A\ystbm aItfm Atbm, s]tfm,
]p{X-`m-cytbm Bsc-n-ep-samw hp tNcp-p.
Fnv Hcp ]m{X-n aZyhpw asm-n ]-
m-hS apX-em-bh - bpw FSp-p-hb - vp-p. Ah-
cpsS BNm-cy Ip-]m{Xw FSp-p-bn-
smv ss`c-thmlw inthmlw Rm ss`c-
h-\mWv inh\mWv Fp ]d--sImv IpSn-
p-p. AtX Fnm-{X-n Xs Fm-
hcpw IpSn-p-p. A\-cw BcpsSsbnepw
`mcy- t btbm GsX- nepw thiy- t btbm
Asn ]pcp-j-t\tbm \-amn tZhn
AYhm alm-tZ-h Fp t]cnv ssIbn
hm sImSp-v, Kp]vtX-{n-b-]qP \S-p-p.
]ns tZhntm alm-tZ-ht\m aZy-N-jIw
\Ip-p. AXn\p tijw AtX ]m{X-n
Fm-hcpw Hmtcm ]m{Xw IpSn-bvp-p. hopw
CXm-hn-p-p. Cs\ IpSn-p-Ip-Snv
shfnhp sIv, BcpsS s]-tfm, aIt\m
Atbm BIs btYjv S w IpI
sNp-p. Nne-tm-sgmw elcn aqv ASn-]n-
Snbpw, el-fbpw Iq-pw ]nSn-h-enbpw \S-
pw. Nne On-p-p. Iq-nse XnI
AtLmcn AYhm kn AXpw `np If-
bp-p. Ch-cpsS alm-kn-s tbmKy-X-I-sf-
n ]mSp--Xn--s\-bmWv:
lmemw ]n_- X n- Z o- n- X - k y- a - n- t c,
kp]vtXm \nim-bmw KWnIm Krtljp hncm-
PtX Iufh N{I-ho!
Zon-Xs - -I
- - p-IS-
- m-cs
- -h
- o-n sNv
Ipn--W-n\v IpSn-bvp-I, thiym Krl--
fn sNv IpIa- sNbvXv InS-p-d-p-
I. apX-emb Imcy- \ne--ambpw \n--
ambpw sNp--bm-fmWv hma-amKn-I-fn N{I-
hn-Xp-ey-\m-bn-cn-p--Xv. alm-Zp-jvIan
Ah-cn h\pw ap\pw \-sN-p-Ibpw
No Imcy-sf `b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-b - m
sNdn-b-h-\p-amWv! Fsm.
]mi-_tm `th-ohx ]mi-apx kZm-
in-hx 28
temI-e-, imkv{X-e-, Ipe-e-, tZi-
e apX- e mb ]mi- - f m _n- X
Poh\pw e-bn-msX ZpjvIa- sNp-
-h kZm-in-h\pw BsWv X{- ]d-
28. m\-k--e-\o-X{w tmIw 43.
216
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
bp-p.
DUvVo-kX - {w apX-em-bh - b
- n Hcp {]tbm-
K-hn-[n-bp-v. Hcp hoSn\v \mep hihpw Be-
b- thWw. Ah-bn Hmtcm-nepw aZy-
Ipw-`- hn-cn--Ww. Hcp Be-b-n
\nv Hcp Ipn aZyw IpSn-nv at Be-b - n
sN-Ww. Ahn-sS-\npw Hcp Ipn IpSn--Ww.
Fnv aqm-a-t-Xnepw \mem-a-t-Xnepw
sNv Hmtcm Ipn IpSn--Ww. \nv IpSnp
IpSnv shn-b-acw hogpw t]mse hogp-Xp
hsc IpSn--Ww. ap hnm hopw CXp-
t]mse hogp-Xp hsc IpSn--Ww. aqmw
{]mh-iyhpw CXp-t]mse IpSnp hoWv, Fgp-
t- e v p- - h \v ]p\w Cm- X m- h pw.
hmkv X hw ]d- m C- s \- b p- - h \v
hopw a\p-jy-Pw e`n-p-Xp Xs hnj-
a-am-Wv. Ah \oN-tbm-\n-I-fn P\nv hf-sc-
mew IjvS-sSpw.
4. hman-I-fpsS X{ {K--fnse \nbaw
Asb HgnsI asmcp kv{Xosbbpw hnp-I-f-
b-cp-sX-m-Wv. aI-fm-I-s, ktlm-Z-cn-bm-I-s,
Fm-h-cp-ambpw kwKaw sN-Ww. Cu hma-
amKn-If - psS Zi-al - m-hn-Zy-I Ip{]-kn-a - m-Wv.
Ah-bn-sem-mb amXMvKo hnZy-m-c ]d-bp-
Xv amX-c-a]n \ XytPXv' A-sb-tmepw
kamK-sat\y hnp-I-f-b-cp-sX-m-Wv. kwtbm-
K-th-f-bn kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m \apv CjvS-kn-
nbpmIs Fp a{w P]n- p- I bpw
thWw. Cs\ {`mcpw alm aqU-m-cp-amb
Bfp-I temI-n Xptemw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-pw.
5. AkXyw {]N-cn-n-m-\m-{K-ln-p--h
kXys \nn-p-I-Xs sNpw. hma-amKn-
I ]d-bp-Xp t\mq. thZ- imkv{X-
]pcm-W- Fn-h-sbmw km[m-cW
thiy-sb-tm-se-bm-Wv. hma-amKn-I-fpsS ap{Z-
bmb imw`hn am{Xta AP-\-n\p Xpey-
bm-bn-p-q.
thZ-fpw kmn
Ch thZ-hn-cp--amb aX-amWv \S-n hcp-
n-b-Xv. {ItaW Ch-cpsS aX-n\pw {]Nmcw
e`n-m XpS-n. Atm sIm-cp-Xm-bva-bn-
eqsS thZ--fpsS t]cp ]dv ]e eoe-Ifpw
29. kpcm-h hm Gj _cvln-jZv btm bZv
ku{Xm-aWo F iX-]Y hN-\hp(12.1.3.7)ambn
Xmc-Xayw sNp-I.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
BSn-p-S-n. AXm-bXv v 29 ""ku{Xm-aWymw
kpcmw ]nt_-Xv, t{]mnXw `-tb-mw-
kw 30, sshZn-Io-lnwkm lnwkm \ `h-Xn'' 31
\ amwk `tW tZmtjm \ atZy \ N
ssaYpt\, {]hr-n-tcjm `qXm\mw \nhr-
nkvXp alm ^em 32
ku{Xm-aWn b-n aZyw IpSn--Ww.
CXns AYw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ku{Xm-aWn
b-n tkma-eX ]ngnsSp \ocv
IpSn--Ww. t{]mn-X-amb 33 amwkw b-
n `n--Ww. C-s\-sb-m-ap ]ma-c-
Xm-]qW-amb Imcy--fmWv hma-amKn-I
{]N-cn-n--Xv. Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-t-Xv C{]-
Im-ca- m-Wv ""sshZnI lnwk, lnwk-bs - -n
\nsbpw \ns IpSpw- _ mw- K - - s fbpw
sImp tlman-m FmWp XctSv?''
amwk-`--Ww, aZy-]m-\w, ]c-kv{Xo-K-a\w
apX-embh tZmj-an-m-X - m-sWp ]d-bp-Xv
_men- i - a m- W v . PohnIsf ]oUn- n- msX
amwkw e`n-n-. A]-cm[w sNm--Xns\
]oUn-n-p-Xv [man-Ih - pa. aZy-]m-\a- m-Is
khYm \njn--hp-am-Wv. hma-amKn-I-fp-tS-X-
m {K--fn-sempw AXp hn[n-n-n-
sp am{X-a \ntj-[n-n-t-bp-q. hnhmlw
sNmsX ssaYp-\hpw tZmj-ap--Xm-Wv. AXn-
\m CsXmw \ntm-j-am-sWp ]d-bp--
h-cn-emWv tZmjw.
bhpw lnwkbpw
C-s\-sb-m-ap hN-\- Ejn-am-cpsS
{K-f - n Iqn-tv At\Iw Ejn-am-cpsS
t]cn {K-fpw Dm-n. tKmta-[w, Aiz-
ta[w apX-emb b-fpw sNm-\m-cw-`n-p.
Cu arK-sf sImv bw \S-n-bm
bP-am-\\pw arK-n\pw kzKw Inp-sapw
]dp ]cn. C-s\-sbmcp [mcW ]c-
p- h m ImcWw {_mW {K- - f nse
Aiz- t a- [ w, tKmta- [ w, \c- t a[w apX- e mb
kw-I-fpsS icn-bmb Aw Adn-bm-bvI-
bm-Wv. Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-n Cu A\Y--
30. a\p.5.27.
31. bmth-Zh- n-lnXm lnwkm-\n-bXm f kvan Ncm-Ntc F
a\p-kvar-Xn-`m-K-hp-ambn (5.44) Xmc-Xayw sNp-I.
32. a\p-kvarXn 5.5.6
33. tlman--Xns Ah-injvSw
217
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
fp-m-n-b-sX-n-\mWv?
tNmZyw: Aiz-ta-[w, tKmta-[w, \c-ta[w
apX-em-b-h-bpsS AY-sa-mWv?
Dcw: Ah- b psS AYw ]dbmw:
cmjv{Sw hm Aiz-ta-[x 34 Awln Kux 35
Ancvhm Aizw 36 BPyw ta[x 37(i-X-]-
Y-{_m--W-n \nv) IpXn-c, ]ip apX-emb
Pp-s - f- sImv bw \S-p-hm Fpw
]d-n-n-. hma-amKn-I-fpsS {K--fn
am{Xta Ccw A\Y- Fgp-Xn-h - n-p-q.
Fp am{X-a-, hma-amKn-I-fmWv CXn-sbpw
Bcw`w Ipdn--Xv. Fhn-sS-sbmw CXn-t\-n
Fgp-Xn-bn-ptm Ahn-sS-sbmw hma-amKn-I
Ahn-jvS-s-Xv Ien Fgp-Xn-bn-p-ap-v.
cmPmhv \ymb-[a--fm {]Pm-]m-e\w sNp-
-Xpw, bP-am-\ hnZym-Zm\w sNp-Xpw
An-bn s\pw apw tlman-p-Xpw Aiz-
ta-[-am-Wv. Aw, C{n-b-, Inc-W-,
]rYnhn apX-em-b-hsb ]cn-ip--ambn hbvp-
-XmWv tKmta-[w. a\-jys arX-tZlw hn[n-
{]-Imcw Zln-np If-bp-Xv \c-ta-[-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: bw sNbvXm bP-am-\\pw
arK-n\pw kzKw e`n-p-sapw tlmam-\-
cw arK-ns\ Pohn-n-p-sapw ]d-bp-
Xv t\cmtWm?
Dcw: Iw. kzK-n-tep t]mIp-
sap ]d-bp--hsc sImv tlmanv kzK-
n-e-b-bv-Ww. As-n Ah-cpsS {]nb-
s amXm-hv, ]nXm-hv, `mcy, ]p{X-m apX-emb-
hsc sImv kzK-n-e-b-bvm--sX-mWv?
As-n thZn-bn \nv Ahsc Pohn-n-
m--sXv?
tNmZyw: bw sNp-tm thZ-a-{-
sNmm-dp-v. thZ--fn-s-n ]ns
Fhn-Sp-mWv sNmp-Xv?
Dcw: a{w sNmp- - X n \nv
Bscbpw hne-p-n-. Fs-m a{w
i_vZ-am-Wv. Fm AXn-\Yw arKs
sImp- t lm- a n- - W - s a- - . 38 Atb
34. 13.1.6 3
35. 4.3.1.25
36. 3,6.2.5.
37. tat[m hm BPyav 13.3.6.2.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
kzmlm 39 apX- e mb a{- - f psS AYw
""An-bn lhnkv ]pjvSnbvpw apw Imc-
W-amb s\pw av Da {Zhy-fpw tlmanv
hmbp, hrjvSn, Pew apX-em-b-hsb ip-
amn PK-n\v kuJy-Im-c-W-am-pp''
Fm-Wv. Cu kXym-sf B aqV-m
a\-n-em-p-n-. Fs-m kzmY-_p-n-
I-fm-b-h tIhew kzmYw t\Sp--Xn-ep-]cn
asmpw Adn-bp-Itbm hI-h-bvp-Itbm C.
_u ssP\-cpsS Dhw
Cu t]m-m-cpsS C{]-Im-c-ap A\m-Nm-
c Ipw acn--hp thn sNp
XW {imm-Zn-I Ipw thZm-Zn-im-kv{X-
sf \nn-p-Xpw alm-`b -
- c
- h
- p-amb _u
AYhm ssP\-aXw {]Nm-c-n hp. Cu
tZi-n tKmc-Jv]q cmPm-hn-\p-m-bn-cp-
sp tIn-p-v. At-ls sImv t]m-
m bw \S- n- p. At- l - ns
dmWnsb IpXn-c-bp-ambn kam-Kaw sNn--Xn-
t\-Xp-Sv Ah acn-p. cmPmhv hnc--\mbn
]p{X\v cmPyw \evIn-bX
- n\p tijw kw\y-knv
t]mmcpsS I--c- shfn-hm-m
XpS-n.
CXns imJ-bm-bn-mWv NmhmIw A`m-
WIw Fo aX--fp-m-b-Xv. Ah-cp-m-nb
tmI--fm-Wnh:
1. ]ip-ivtN-n-lXx kzcvKw tPymXn-jvtSm-
tam-K-an-jyXn kz]n-Xm-b-P-am-t\\ X{X-I-Yw
\ lnwkytX.
38. BZn-Imte Jep btjp ]ihx kam-e-`-\obm
_`qhpx \mew-`mb {]{In-bt kva, XtXm Z-
b {]Xy-h-c-Imew at\mx ]p{XmWmw \cn-
jym `mtK-zm-Ip-\rK icym-Xym-Zo\w N ]iq\m
tahm-`y-\p-m-\mXv ]ihx t{]m-W-am]px
(A-Xn-]p-cm-X-\-Im-ev arK-sf kv]in-pI
am{Xta sNbvXn-cp-p-p, h[n-n-cp-n-. ]noSv
Z-bm-Kt- ijw a\p-hns \cn-jyXv apX-emb ]p{X-
m, ""b-n arK-h[w thW-sav thZ-hn-
[n-bp-sv'' ]d-p-sImv arK-sf
t{]mWw sNbvXp h[n-m-\m-cw-`n-p. (N-c-I-kw-
ln-X, NnIn-m-m\w 19-4) Nc-I-kw-ln-X-bnse
Cu D-c-W-n \nv cp Imcy- kv]jvS-
am-Wv. 1. {]mNo\ Imev b-n arK-h[w
Cm-bn-cp-p. (2) ]noSv b-n arK-_e - nbpw
thW-sap thZ-hn-[n-bp-sv sXn-[c - n-mWv arK-
_en \S-m Bcw-`n--Xv.
39. bPqthZw 10, 522 6, 27
218
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
2. arXm \manl Pq\mw {imw tNr-
]vXn-Im-c-Wav K-Xm-anl Pq\mw hycvYw
]mtY-b-I-ev]-\av
1. arK-s-smv An-bn tlman-m,
AXv kzK-n t]mIp-sa-n kzw ]nXm-
hn-s\-bpw apw bP-am-\ Fp-sImv sImv
kzK-t--b-p-n?
2. acn--h-cpsS Xr]vXn-p-thn {imw,
XWw apX-em-bh \S-p-hm Ign-bp-sa-
n, bm{X t]mIp--h-cpsS hgn-n-e-hn-\p
hI Icp-Xn-smp t]mIp-Xv hy-am-Wv.
Fs-m acn--h-cpsS Xr]vXn-p-thn
{imhpw X- W hpw sNp- - X p- s Imv
shhpw tNmdpw Ahp e`n-p-sa-n ]c-
tZ-ip Pohn-n-cn-p--htm bm{X-sN-p-
- h tm honse ASp- - f - b n ]mIw
sNbv X p hnf- n- h v Inn- b n shhpw
hm Fp-sIm-mWv e`n-m-Xv? Zqc-tZ-
ip Pohn-p--htm ]p-hmc AI-se-
bp--htm Inm-Xv acn-p-t]m-b-hv
Hcnepw Inp-I-bn--X-s.
Ah-cpsS C{]-Imcw bpn-kn--amb D]-tZ-
i- Bfp-I k-Xnp XpS-n-b-tm
Ah-cpsS aXhpw A`n-hr-n-s-p. At\Iw
cmPm--mcpw `qhp-S-a-Ifpw Ah-cpsS aXw
kzoI-cnp XpS-n-b-tm t]m-hIamcpw
Atmp Nmp. aSn-oe \nd-bp hgnt
Ah t]mhp- I - b p- q- h tm? s]s- - h
ssP\-cm-bn. ssP\-m-cnepw t]mp-If - n-I Ht-
sd-bp-v. AXn-t\-n 12-mw kap-m-k-n
Fgp-Xmw. hf-sc-t Ah-cpsS aXw kzoI-cn-
p. Fm ]-X-`m-K-, Imin, I\ym-Ip-
_vPw, ]n-a--Z-nW tZi- Fn-hn-S--
fnse Bfp-I Gsd-sbmpw ssP\-a-X-m-cm-
bn-.
ssP\n-I thZmw a\-n-em-m-sX,
t]mp-If - n-bnse _mlym-Uw-_c-- thZ-t{]m-
-am-sWp [cnv thZ-\n Bcw-`n-p. ]T-\-
]m-T-\-, btm]-ho-X-[m-c-Ww, {_-N-
cymZn \nb-a- apX-em-b-h-tbbpw \in-n-p.
Inn-b{-- Xbpw sshZn-I-{K-- \in-np. `c-
Wm-[n-Imcw ssIh--tm Bcy-msc D]-{Z-
hn-p. `bhpw ibpw Cm-Xm-b-tm Ah-
cpsS aXm-h-ew-_n-I-fmb Krl--m-scbpw
kw\ym-kn-I-sfbpw ]qPn-p-Ibpw Bcy-[am-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
h-ew-_n-Isf ]-]m-X-]qw inn-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-t]m-p. kpJ-ku-I-cy--tfm-Sp-IqSn
Khn-jvT-cm-bn, Ah-c-s\ hne-kn. Ej-`-tZ-
h apX alm-ho-c hsc-bp XoY--c-m-
cpsS h{]-Xn-a-I-fp-mn ]qPn-m-\m-cw-`n-p.
ine-bnepw ap-ap hn{K-l--fpsS ]qP XpS-
n-bXv ssP\-cn \nm-Wv. Cuiz-c-hn-izm-kn-
I Ipd-p. hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cpsS Fw s]cp-
In. As\ apq-tdmfw hjw Bcym-h-
n ssP\- c mPyw \ne- \ np thZm-
m\w an-hmdpw Cm-Xm-bn. CXp Ign-n-
n-tm cm-bn-c-n-b-qdv hj-am-sbv
A\p-am-\n-mw.
i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS Bhn`mhw
cm- b n- c - n- b n- c p- qdp hjw apv 40
{ZmhnU tZiob {_m-W-\pw, ss\jvTnI
{_-Nm-cnbpw thZm-Zn-kh-im-kv{Xm-`ym-knbpw
Bb i-cm-Nm-cy F tZlw Cs\ Nnn-
m- \ m- c w- ` n- p. ""Atlm Ijv S w! kXyhpw
BkvXn-I-hp-amb thZ-a-X-ns tem]hpw
ssP\-cpsS \mkvXn-I-a-X-ns {]Nm-chpw
alm-\miw hcp-n-h-n-cn-p-p. Chsc F-
s\-sb-nepw AI-W - w.'' i-cm-Nm-cy imkv{X-
am{X-a-. ssP\--{K--fpw ]Tn-n-cp-p.
40. {ioi--cm-Nm-cy-cpsS Ime-s-n ]e A`n-{]m-b-
-fp-ap-v. ]mmXy Ncn{X ]WvUn-X--\y-mcpw
Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb BMvtfm--C-y
_pn-Ifpw Ctbvv 1200 hjw apmWv
{ioi--cs Pohn-X-Im-e-sa ]--cm-Wv.
Zbm-\--a-ljn ZWvUn-]-c--c-m-\mb
k\ym-kn-bm-bn-cp-p. alm-hn-Zzm\pw. At-l-n\v
`mc-Xob k\ym-kn-]-c--sb-]n Adn-hn-m-bn-cp-
stm hnI-e-amb Adnth Dm-bn-cp-p-
stm hnNm-cn-p-Xv Ghpw Ipd-Xv
Ahn-th-I-sa-n-ep-am-Wv. k\ym-kn-am Znh-tk\
kzw Kpcp-]-c--c-bpsS \maw sNmpw. ]pjv]m-
-en-sb-mWv CXn-\p-t]-cv. Cu {]I-c-W-n
{ioi-c - s injy-m hmWn-cp aT-s - f-n ]d-
bp-n-Sv imc-Zm-aT- s
- -
- nbpw ]d-bp-p-v. Ahn-
Sps hwim-h-en-sb-n "{ioim-c-Zm-]o-T-hw-im-\p-
am-XrIm' F t]cn `h-\K - d- nse kc-kzXo ap{Zm-
W-e-b-n A-Snv {]knw sNbvX ]pkvX-I-
n\nv {]k--amb `mKw ChnsS ]In,
XP-abpw Fgp-Xmw.
"bp[n-jvTn-c-itI 2631 sshimJ ip ]aymw
{ioa---cm-h-Xmcx 2636 ssN{X ip-\-h-aym-ap-]-\-
b\-av. 2639 ImnI ipss-Im-Ziymw NXpYm-
{i-ak
- zo-Imcx 2640 ^mKp-\i - p ZznXo-bmbmw
219
 kXym-{]-Im-iw Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
{ioaZv tKmhn `K-hXv ]mZm-Nm-cymWmw kIm-im-Zp- tPymXna-T-\nm-Ww. 2647 ImnIw sh AjvS-anv
]-tZ-ix -XX Bc`y 2646 tPyjvThZy-am-hmkym]cyw Imin-bn {io. _mZ-cm-bW - m-Nm-cy-cp-ambn {_-hnZym cl-
_Z-cym-{ita tjmUi `mjy {]W-b\w {io\m-cm-bW ky-hn-Nm-chpw {io k\--\m-Nm-cy-cpsS ] hmk-hpw.
{]XnjvTm tPymXncvaT \ncvamWw N. 2647 Imn-I-ip- 2647 amK-iojw I. XrXobvv {io. aWvU\ - a
- n-{i-\p-ambn
m-jSv aymw {ioaZv _mZ-cm-bW - m-Nmsscyx kl-hm-cm-Wkymw hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Zm-cw-`w. 2648 ssN{Xw sh. NXpYnv aWvU\
{_-hnZym clky {]Nmcx. k\--\m-Nm-cym-Wmav kam- an{is tXmhn. ssN{Xw sh. jjvTnv aWvU\
{i-b-. 2647 amK ioj-hZy XrXo-bmbmw {ioa-WvU\ an{is `mcy-bp-ambn Ima-I-em-]c hnhm-Zw. ssN{Xw sh.
anss{ix kmIw hmZm-cw`x 2648 ssN{X-ip--N-Xpcvymw AjvSa - nv Aa-cp-Is ico-c - n {]th-iw. ImnIw
aWvU\ ]cm-Pbx 2648 ssN{X-ip--jjvTymw kc-kzXym sh. {Xtbm-Zinv hopw kzw ico-c-n {]th-iw.
kl Iem {]kMvKx 2648 ssN{X-h-Zym-jvSaymw Aa-cp-I- 2648 ImnIw I. {]Y-abvv aWvU-\-an-{is ]Xv\n-
i-coc {]thix Imn-I-ip {Xtbm-Ziymw \nP-tZl bpsS ]cm-P-bw. 2648 ImnIw {]Y-abvv BIm-i-
{]thix 2648 Imn-Ih - Z- y-{]-Xn-]Zn `mcXo ]cm-Pbx 2648 amtKW {_- t em- I - t p t]mb aWv U - \ - a n{i
Imn-I-hnZy {]Xn-]Zn hnb-mtKW {_-temIw ]Xv \ nsb Nnm- a Wn a{w hgn Zzmc- I - b n- t ev
Kym kvXkymx Nnm-aWn at{W Zzmc-hX - ym-am-Ij- BIjnv ]- a n- \ m- f n AhnsS m]n- p- p.
W-av. 2648 ImnI hZy ]aymw X{X-Xkymx m]- ImnIw I. {Xtbm-Zin apX ASp Zi-an-hsc imc-
\-av. 2648 Imn hZy-{Xtbm Zio-am-c`y Ziao ]cyw Zm-aT \nam-Ww. _um-Zn-Isf ]cm-P-b-s-Sp-. cp{Z-
imc-Zm-aT \namWw _umZn ]cm-Pbx cp{Z amem-Im- amen `K-hms t{Xw \nnp bmZ-th-{s\ (Ir-jvW-
tcW `K-hZ- m-eb \nam-Wa - v. bmZth{ {]XnjvTm. knt- s\) {]Xn-jvTn-p-p. kntizc an-c-m-]\w, `{Z-Im-
iz-cmeb {]Xn-jvTm-]-\w, `{Z-Im-eo-b-{u-m-c 2648 fn-b-{-ns PotWm-m-cWw. ^mKp\w sh. \h-
^mKp\ ip \haymw ssh[hy `nbm ]p\x Iem- anv ssh[-hy-`-b-m hopw Iem-jvSI _e-m
jvSI cqt]-Wm-Im-ia - mK ah-ew-_y-{_-t- emIw K-ym- BImi amtKW {_-tem-I-t-p-t]mb aWvU-\-]-
kvXk - ym-kvtXm-ss\h at{W irwK-]p-cym-am-Ij-Wa - v. Xv\nsb AtX a{-m BIjn-v. irwtK-cn-bn aT-
aTw \ncvamb X{X ]p\-kvXkymx m]\w N. 2649 ap-mn AXn m]n-p-p. 2649 ssN{Xw sh. \h-
ssN{X ip-] \haymw {ioa--WvU-\-an-{i-tkym-- anv aU\ an{i ky-knv kptc-iz-cm-Nm-cy-\m-Ip-
am-{i-a-{Kl-W-av, kptc-iz-cm-Nmcy CXn tbmK-]--. 2649. p. 2649. amK-iojw sh. Zi-anv kp[-\zm-cm-Pmhv
amK-ioj ip-Zi - aymw kp[-\y-t\m-cmw injy-tXz\ injyXzw kzoI-cn-p-p. 2650 sshimJw sh. XrXob
kam-{ibx 2649 amL-ip--k-]vXaymw {ioa-p-tc-iz-cwNm- apX ZnKzn-Pb - a- t- lm-h - c- mw`w CXn-\nsS 2653 {imhWw
cymWmw imc-Zm-]o-Tm-`n-tj-N\ - a - .v 2560 sshimJ ip XrXo- sh k]vX-anpw Bizn\w sh. GIm-Z-inpw t{XmS-I
bm-am-c`y ZznKzn-Pb atlm-h - m-cw-`x. XZ-c - mte ln 2653 lkvXm-ae - I
- m-Nm-cys\ irwtKcn aTm-[n-]X - n-bmbn Ah-tcm-
{imh-W-ip--k-]vXaymw XYm Bn\ ipss-Im-Ziymw [n-p-p. Ap-Xs t{XmS-Im-Nm-cys tPymXna-T - n-
t{XmSI lkvXm-a-e-Itbmx kam-{ibx 2654 ]uj-ip te-p \ntbm-Kw. 2655 sshimJw sh. ]-an-bn
]uW-amkymw lkvXm-ae - I - mNm-cymWmw irwK-]pc ]oTm- ZnKzn-P-b-n\v ]pcp-tjm--a-t{X (P-K-m-Y-]p-cn)-n-
`n-tj-N\ - a
- v. Xn\ Gh t{XmS-Im-Nm-cymWmw tPymXna-Tm- tev bm{X. AhnsS PK-Zoi (P-K-m-Y) s XSn-{]-
`n-tj-N\ kMvtIXx 2655 sshimJ ip-Z-iaymw ZnKzn-P- Xna m]n-p-p. Ahn-Sps \nXy-\n-Zm\ Gm-Sp-
bm-cmte ]pcp-tjm--a-t{Xw {]Xn Ka-\-av, X{X Zmcp-a- I tKmh-\-aTw -m-]\w ]fl-]m-Zm-Nm-cysc A[n-
bky PK-Zo-iky {]Xn-jT v m-]\w XXvt{X acymZm {]_- ]-Xn-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n-. 2655 `m{Zw sh. ]uWan
x tKmhcv\ a m]-\-av, ]flm-Zm-Nm-cymWmw XXv apX 2662 ]ujw I Aam-hmky hsc \nccw ZznKznP-
XXv]o-Tm-`n-tj-N\ - 2655 `m{Z-ip ]qcvWn-am-am-c`y 2662 tbm-mlw 1032 _umZn aX-msc JWvUn-. kp[-
]uj-Ir-jW v m-am-hmkym ]cy ahn-n ZnKzn-Pb atlm- \zm-hn\pw apw cmPm- - mcpw {]Pm-]m-e\ - k- w-_ - n-bmb
mtlm _umZn Zzm{Xnw-iZ- p-s - sc-Ik - l - {k aXm-\m- kZp-]t- Z-iw. A\m-Zn-bmb hWm-{ia hnln-Xa - mb sshZn-
ap-]-a-Z-\-av. kp[-\z-{]-ap-Jm ln cmx {]Xn kayIv I-[a-m-]\ - w. tbmK-ns kqW al-Xz-{]-IS- \ - w.
{]Pm-]m-e-\m-Zym-m-]-\-av. A\m-Zn-hcvWm-{ia hnlnX ]noSv Imivao-cnse imcZm ]oT-n hmkw. 2663
sshZn-I-[cva acymZm hymh-m-]-\av. \nJne tbmK ImnIw sh. ]uWanv ssIem- k - h m- k w.
amlmfly {]I-S\ - a- v. Ati-jP - \ - c
- R
- vP\- a- v. Ghw `qtemI CXn\nv {ioi--cs Pw 2631-mw bp[n-jvTn-cm-_v-Z-
kap-mcx XXx Imivaoc aWvUte imcZm ]oT-hmkx n-em-sWp sXfn-bp-p. bp[n-jvTnc kwh-cw Ien-
XZ\p 2633 Imcvn-I-ip ]qcvWn-am-bm-a-ti-j-P-K-Zp-m- bp-K-n\v 38 hjw apv Bcw-`n-p. Cv Ien-bp-K-
cIm `K-htm atl-iz-m-cmh-Xm-c-{io-a--c `K-hZv]q-Py- ns 5088-mw hj-nse cmw Znh-k-am-Wv. (1986
]mZmx {_mZn tZh-Xm-K-W-k-{mYnXx ktm-\n-P-tZ- G{]n 15, 1161 taSw 2 iI-hjw 1908 ssN{Xw 25 AYhm
tl-ss\h hnam-\m-cqVmx {io ssIem-iw-\n-P-[ma {]mhn- I. jjvTn) CX-\p-kc - nv Cu Xob-Xnv bp[n-jvTn-cm-_vZw
i-n-Xn. Xpa sh=shfpv (ip-] -
- w) I= Idp 5126 Bbn. AX-\p-k-cnv 2494 hjhpw 11 amkhpw 1
(Ir-jvW-]-w) 2631 bp[n-jvTn-cm-_vZ-nse sshim-J- Znh-khpw {io i-cs P\-\-n-\p-tijw Ign-n-cn-
amkw sh.-] - a- n-bn {ioaXv i-cm-hX - m-cw. 2636 ssN{X- p-p. Ima-tImSn ]oT-nse Kpcp ]c--c-bn {io i-
amkw sh. \h-anv D]-\b - \ - w. 2639 Imn-Ia - mkw sh. cs Pw Ien-hjw 2593-se-mWv ImWp--Xv. CXn-
GIm-Z-inv k\ym-kw. 2640 ^mKp-\amkw sh. ZznXo- t\mSv 38 Iqp-tmgpw 2631 bp[n-jvTn-ch - jw Inpw. cpw
bv {io tKmhn `K-h-Xv]m-Z-cn \nv D]-tZiw. Ap- Xn hyXymkw C. kp[-\zm-cm-Pm-hns t]cp-I iI-
ap-X 2646 tPymjvT. I. Aam-hmky hsc _Zn-c-Im-{i-a- hjn-n-te-Xp-X-s. Ah an-hmdpw Fm Ie--dp-
n 16 `mjy--fpsS cN-\, \mcm-bW m]-\w, I-fnepw ImWmw.

220
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
At-l-ns bpn-Ifpw hfsc {]_-e-am-
bn-cp-p. Chsc F-s\-b-I-p-sa--tlw
Btem-Nn-p. D]-tZ-ihpw hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-hp-amWv
Chsc AI-m-\p amK-sav \n-bn-p.
Cs\ \n-bn-p-sImv Dss-\o-\-K-c-
n hp. Am-ev AhnsS kp[-\zm-cm-
Pm-hmWv hmWn-cp--Xv. Atlw ssP\-{K--
fpw Ipdv kw-kvIr-Xhpw ]Tn-n-cp-p. Ahn-
sS-sv thtZm-]-tZiw Bcw-`n-p. Fnv
cmPm-hns\ Iv At]-n-p. "" Av kwkvIr-
Xhpw ssP\-{K--fpw ]Tn-n-p-v. ssP\-
a-X-hn-izm-kn-bp-am-W-v. Rm\pw ssP\-]-
WvUn-X-m-cp-ambn hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-n\v Av
GmSp sN-Ww. tXmevp--h Pbn-p-
-h-cpsS aXw kzoI-cn--W-sa--Xm-bn-cn-
Ww hyh-. Apw Pbn-p--h-cpsS
aXw kzoI-cn--Ww. kp[\zm cmPmhv ssP\-
a-X-m-c-\m-bn-cp-s-nepw kwkvIr-X-{K--
]Tn-n-cp--Xn-\m _pn-bn kzev]w
Adn-hns {]Imiw Dm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m
a\-n arKn-bX hf-sc-sbm-pw hym]n-n-
cp-n-. hnZzm-\m-sW-n Abm kXym-
kXy \nWbw sNbvXv kXys {Kln-p-
I-bpw Ak-Xys XyPn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
kp[\zm cmPm-hn\v henb hnZzm-m-cmb D]-
tZ-jv-Sm-sf e`n-n-n-m-Xn-cp--Xp-sIm-v,
GXp kXyw GXv AkXyw F kt-l-
n-em-bn-cp-p. im-c-Nm-cy-cpsS hmp-I
tI-tm Atlw hfsc ktm-j-tm-
Sp-IqSn hmZ-{]-Xn-hmZw \S-nv kXyhpw
Ak-Xyhpw \n-b-ambpw \nW-bn-n-m-
sap ]d-p. ssP\-]-WvUn-X-msc Zqc-tZ-
i--fn \np hcpn tbmKw Iqn. AXn
i-cm-Nm-cy-cp-tSXv thZ-a-Xhpw ssP\n-I-fp-tSXv
thZ-hn-cp--a-X-hp-am-bn-cp-p. AXm-bXv i-cm-
Nm-cy-cpsS ]w thZ-aX m]-\hpw ssP\-
J-WvU-\hpw ssP\-cp-tSXv kza-X-m-]-\hpw
thZ-a-X-kr-jvSn-bpsS Im-hmbn A\m-Zn-
bmb Hcp Cuiz-c Cspw Cu PKpw
Poh\pw A\m-Zn-bm-sWpw Ch cn-sbpw
DXv]-ntbm \mitam Hcn-epw kw`-hn-p-
n-s-p-am-bn-cpp ssP\n-If - psS aXw. CXn\p
hncp--ambn A\m-Zn-sbp knamb ]c-am-
flm- h mWv PK- ns Im- h v . Poh\pw
PKpw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. Fs-m Cuiz-c
Xs amb-bm PK-p-m-n, Ah Xs
kXym-{]-Im-iw
nXnbpw {]f- b hpw \S- p- p. Poh- \ pw
{]]hpw kz]v\w t]mse anYy-bm-Wv. Cuiz-
c Xs Fm cq]--fp-sa-Spv eoe-bm-Sp-
p. F aX-am-bn-cpp i-cm-Nm-cy-cp-tS-Xv.
hfsc \mfp-I Cu imkv{Xmw XpSs-
nepw bpn- s Impw {]mam- W w- s Impw
ssP\n-I-fpsS aXw JWvUn--s-Sp-Ibpw i-
cm- N m- c y- a Xw AJ- W v U n- X - a m- b n- c n- p- I bpw
sNbvXp. Atm B ssP\ ]WvUn-X-mcpw
kp[-\zm-cm-Pmhpw thZ-aXw kzoI-cnv ssP\-
aXw shSn-p. XpSv henb H-mSpw _l-
fhpw Bbn. kp[-\zm-cm-Pmhv Xs kvt\ln-X-
cmb cmPm- - ms- g p- X n i- c m- N m- c y- s c-
smv imkv{Xmw \S-n-p. ssP\-cpsS
]cm-P-b-Im-e-am-bn-cp--Xp-sImv tXmp-sIm-
t-bn-cp-p. ]noSv Bcym-h-tZ-i-amsI
k-cn-p--Xn\v kp[\zm cmPmhv i-cm-Nm-
cyv Bh-iy-amb Gm-Sp-I sNbvXp-sIm-
Sp-p-Ibpw `S-m-scbpw IqsS Ab-bvp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
sshZnI [tam-m-cWw
Ap-ap-X Fm-hcpw btm-]-hoXw
[cn-m\pw thZ--fpsS ]T-\-]m-T-\- \S-
m\pw XpS-n. ]p-hj-m-e-n-\p-n
Bcym- h tZi- n- s epw k- c nv
ssP\n-IfpsS JWvU\ - hpw thZ-f- psS aWvU-
\hpw sNbvXp i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS Imev \S
ssP\-hn-[zw-k-\-ns sXfn-hmWv Cp `qan-
bn \np Is-p [zwkn-X-amb ssP\-
hn- { K- l - . Ch- s bmw At- l - ns
Imev XI-Xm-Wv. XI-cm-h Is-p-
p-sh-n Ah ssP\n-I cn-m thn
Ipgn-n--h-bm-Wv. Cpw Anv Ch Inm-dp-
v . im- c m- N m- c yp- a pv ssih- a - X hpw
Aev]w-kzev] {]Nmcw t\Sn-bn-cp-p. AXn-
t\bpw Atlw JWvUn-p. hma-amK-tbpw
JWvUn-p. 41 Am-ev cmPyv Afh
[\w Dm-bn-cp-p. kztZ-i-`-nbpw Dm-bn-
41. CXn- ssh-jvWh ssih- im--ku-c-{]-ap-J-m-sc-
sb-Xnp Iog-Sn {ZpX-ap-b - n-\o]pcw Kan-m
`K-hm-\- p-Xh - m-n-em-ki
- m-eo. ({io-i- c ZznKzn-Pbw
15.76 {io. Sn. kp{_--Wy Xncp-ap-ns
X-a) {ioi-c FXnp tXm]n
ssih-a-X-s-bmWv At-l-ns ]np-d-m
c
- m- b i-cm-Nm-cy-m ]np-Sc - p-s - X-Xv
AXym--cy-I-cw- Xs!
221
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
cp-p. ssP\-t-{X-s - fmpw i-cm-Nm-cytcm
kp[-\zmthm XIm-\-\p-h-Zn-n-. Ah-bn
thZ- ] m- T - i m- e - I Bcw- ` n- p- I - b m- b n- c pp
eyw.
{ioi--c\p hnjw \evIpp
thZ- a - X - m- ] \w \Sp Ign- - t m
hnZym-{]-Nm-c-W-n\p {iaw XpS-n. AXn-\n-S-
bn ]pdta thZ-a-X-m-scp \Sn-p-Ibpw
AIta XnI ssP\-cp-amb cp-t] hp-
Iq-Sn. Chsc i-cm-Nm-cy IW-p kvt\ln-
p. Ah Ftm Xo{h-amb hnj-hkvXp `n-
m sImSp-X - n-s 42 ^e-ambn hniv ao-
`-hn--p. ]noSv ico-c-am-k-Iew \ocpw ]cp-p-
Ifpw hv, Bdp amk-n-\Iw icocw XyPn-
p. Atm Fm-hcpw \ncp-m-ln-I-fm-bn.
Dm-tI-n-b-cp hnZym-{]-Nmcw Dm-b-Xp-an-
. Atlw Dm-nb imco-cn-I-`mjyw apX-
em-bh injy-m {]N-cn-n-m XpS-n.
AXm-bXv ssP\-msc JWvUn-p--Xn-\p-th-
n Dm-nb {_w kXyw, PK-flnYy, Poh-
{_-ssIyw apX-em-bh D]-tZ-in-p-Xp-S-n.
sXv irwtK-cn, Ingv `qtKm-h-\w, hSv
tPmjn, Zzmc-I-bn imc-Zm-aTw Fo aT-
m]nv {ioi--c-in-jy-m sFiz-cy-hm-m-
cmb aTm-[n-]-Xn-I-fm-Ibpw kkpJw hmgvN-bm-
cw-`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fs-m {ioi-c
tijw injy-mv henb BZ-chpw e`n-p-
Xp-S-n.
\ho-\-th-Zmw
C\n Nnn- t - - X p- v . Poh {_w
Fnh Hm-sWpw PK-fln-Yy-bm-sW-p-
apXv i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS kzw aX-am-sW-
n AX- { X - \ aX- a - . ssP\n- I sf
JWvUn-m thn AXv kzoI-cn--Xm-sW-
n \v 43. \ho\ thZm-n-I-fpsS aXw C{]-
Im-c-amWv:
42. A`n-\n-tj-hn-X, A`n-\n-th-i Fo \mkvXn-I
tIZm-c-\m-Y-nhv {ioi--c\v hnjw \In.
(sF-Xn-lm-knI \nco- `mKw 2, i-cm-Nmcy
{]I-c-Ww).
43. Cuiz-c-\n F ssP\-hm-Z-n\v FXn-cmbn
Cuiz-c-\-msX asmpw C F hmZw Iptd
kzoIm-cyw. hnp apfv hf-cp-tm app-th-en-
sIn kwc-n-p-X - p-t]mse F \ymb-kq{Xw
(4.2.50) A\p-k-cnv
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
tNmZyw: PKv kz]v\w t]mse-bpw, Ib-
dn kw t]msebpw Nnn- t m- S n
shn-t]m-sebpw , arK-Xr-jvW-bn Pew
t]msebpw C{-Pm-e-n Kh-\-Kcw
t]msebpw anYy-bm-Wv. {_w am{X-amWv
kXyw.
knm-n anYy-sbv ]d-bp--sX-n-s\-
bmWv?
\ho-\-th-Zmn Cm hkvXp Ds
p {]Xo-X-am-Ip--Xns\
kn Cm--XmWv hkvXp-sh-n AsX-
s\ {]Xo-X-amIpw?
\. th. A[ym-tcm-]-m
kn A[ym-tcm]w Fp ]d-bp--sX-n-s\-
bmWv?
\. th: hkvXp \yh-kvXzm-tcm-]-W-a-[ym-
kx. 44 A[ym-tcm-]m-]h- m-Zm`ymw \njv{]-]w
{]]-y-tX 45. thsdmcp ]ZmY-n B
h-kvXp-hns\ Btcm-]n-p-X - mWv A[ym-kw.
A[ym-tcm]w sNepw AXns\ \ncm-I-cn-
epw A]-hmZw Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. CXp
cpw sImv {]]-c - l
- n-X{- _- - n {]]-
-cq-]n-bmb PKv hnkvX-cn--s-Sp-p.
kn: Ibdv hkvXp-hm-sWpw kw Ah-
- \p kv X p- h m- s Wpw Icp- X p- - X p- s Im- mWv
\n Cu hn{`-a-n s]Sp--Xv. kw
hkvXp-ht? AXv Ib-dn-en-s-mWv ]d-bp--
sX- n as- m\pw Dspw a\- n
AXns kwkvImcw am{Xta D-p-amtWm?
Fn kw AhkvXp Am-Xm-bn-cn-p-p.
Cw XqWn a\p-jy, Nnn-tm-Sn
shn apX-em-b-h-bpsS {]Xo-Xnsb Adn-b-Ww.
kz]v \ - nepw GsXmw hkv X p- - f psS
{]XoXn Dm-Ip-pthm Ah-sbmw thsd-hn-
sS-sb-nepw Dv. kwkvImcw Bflm-hn-ep-v.
AXn-\m kz]v\hpw hkvXp-hn Ah-kvXp-
hns Btcm-]-W-n\p kam-\-am-Ip-n-.
\. th: Hcn-epw ImWm-Xpw tIm-
Xpw kw`- h n- m- Xpw kz]v \ - n
ImWp-p. Xs incv s]mn, Xm Ic-p-
sIm-n-cn-p-p. Pe-[mc apI-fn-te-sm-gp-
44. thZm--kmcw JUw-6
45. A\p-`q-Xn-{]-Im-iw1-18
222
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Ip-p. Ch-sbms Fs\ kXy-amIpw?
kn: C- d knm- hpw \n- f psS
]w m]n-p--X-. ImWp-Ibpw tIp-
Ibpw sNmsX kwkvIm-cw 46 Dm-hp-n-.
kwkv I m- c - a n- msX kv a rXn- b pw, kv a rXn- b n-
msX kz]v\n A\p-`-hhpw Dm-hp-I-bn-
. Bcp- s S- s b- nepw Xe- s ]m- n- s b- t m,
Ahs ktlm-Z-ct\m ]nXmthm bp-n
Ic- b p- p- s htm Bsc- nepw ]dp
tIp-Itbm ImWp-Itbm [mcm-b-{-n
Pew apI-fn-te-sm-gp-Ip-Xp ImWp-Itbm
sNp-tm AXns kwkvImcw Ahs
Bflm-hn Dm-Ip-p. Pm{K-Zm-h--bn
D ]ZmY--fn \n-Iv kz]v\w ImWp-
tm t\cs IpXpw tI-Xp-amb ]ZmY-
sf Xs Bflm- h n ImWp- p.
Xns ImWptm kzw incv
s]mn-btXm Xm Ic-bp--tXm, Pew apI-fn-
te-sm-gp-Ip-tXm ImWp-p. CXpw hkvXp-
hn Ah-kvXp-hns Btcm-]-W-n\p kZr-
iy- a - . `q]Sw hc- b v p- - b m t\cs
IXpw tI-Xp-ambhsb Bflm-hn \ns-
Spv IS-em-n ]Ip--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wn-
Xv. Nn{X-sa-gp-Xp--bm Zriyw-Iv a\-n-
emn B BIrXn ]Ip--Xp-t]m-se-bm-
sWpw ]d-bmw, Mvlm! Hp-v. h-tmgpw
kz]v \ - n kv a c- W bp- - s X {]Xo- X n.
Xs A[ym-]-Is\ ImWpp F-Xp-t]mse
Dm- t b- mw. Nne- t m hf- s c- mew
IXpw tIXpw sNbvX-Xp-ambXns\ ImWp-
I-bm-sW-ns CXp Rm IXpw
tIXpw sNbvX-Xp-amWv F tXm. Pm{K-
n Dm-Ip--Xp-t]mse hgn-t]mse kz]v\-
n Dm-Ip-n-. t\mq! P\m A\v
cq]-ns kz]v\w Dm-hp-Itb C. AXn-
\m \n-fpsS A[ym-k-n-sbpw A[ym-
tcm-]-n-sbpw eWw sXm-Wv. AXp-
t]mse thZm-n-If - psS hnh-hmZw AYhm
Ib-dn ks tXmn-p--hw {_-
n PK- ns {]Xo- X n- b p- m- I p- s
hmZhpw icn-b-.
\. th: A[n-jvTm-\-an-msX A[y-kvX-
46. kwkvImcw F-Xn\v Hcp hkvXp-hns\
kw_-n {]mY-anI m\w FYw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
ns {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-hp-I-bn-. Ib-dn-s-
n k-ns {]Xo-Xn-bp-m-hpIbn.
Ib-dn k-{]-XoXn aqp Ime-f - n-te-p-
an-. shfn-hpw Ccppw Iptds D-tm
Ahn-Nm-cn-Xa - mbn Ib-dp-Ij
- Ww InS-p-Xp
ImWp-tm CXp ]mtm Fp kwi-bnv
`bp hnd-bvp-p. hnf-p-sImp hp
t\mn-bm kwi-bhpw `bhpw amdp-p.
AXp-t]mse {_-ne PK-ns anYym
{]XoXn Dm-b-Xn\v {_-km-m-XvImcw
Dm- I p- t m \nhr- nbpw {_- { ]Xo-
Xnbpw Dm-Ipw. k-ns {]Xo-Xnbpw
\nhr-nbpw Dm-Ip--Xp-t]m-se.
kn: {_-n PK-ns {]XoXn Dm-
b-Xmv?
\. th: Poh-\v.
kn: Poh Fhn-Sp-p-mbn?
\. th: Am-\-n \nv.
kn: Am\w Fhn-Sp-p-mbn? F-hn-Sn-
cn-pp?
\.th: Am\w A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. {_-
n-emWv Ccn-p--Xv.
kn: {_-n {_-ns Am-\-
ap-mtbm AtXm, ap h-Xn-s-bptam? B
Am\w Dmb-XmmWv?
\. th: NnZm-`m-k-n\v
kn: NnZm-`m-k-ns kzcq-]-sa-mWv?
\. th: {_w, {_-n\v {_-ns
Am\w AXm-bXv Xs kzcq-]s Xm
Xs hnkva-cn-p-p.
kn: As\ ad-p--Xn-s \nan--sa-
mWv?
\. th: AhnZy
kn: AhnZy kh-hym-]n-bp-sSbpw kh-
- s bpw KpWtam AtXm Aev ] - -
stbm?
\. th: Aev]-s
kn: Atm \n-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-n
Hcp A\ kh ssNX-\ys IqSmsX
cm-a-sXmcp tNX\w Dtm Ctbm? Aev]-
Fhn-sS-\np hp? B Aev]-
tNX-\-\pw, {_-n \np `n\pam-sWv
223
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
AwKo-I-cn-p-Xp icn Xs. Hcn-Sv {_-
n\v kzw kzcq-]-ns Am\w Dm-
Ip-sa-n AXv kh{X hym]n-m-Xn-cn-p-I-
bn-. ico-c
- n Hcn-Sv ]cp hm AXs
thZ\ ico-cmw-K - s - f-sbmw Xfn-f
CXp-t]mse {_-hpw. Hcn-Sv Am-\nbpw
ti- b p- - h p- a m- b mkh{X Am- \ -
]qWhpw ti-bp--hp-am-bn-o-cpw.
\.th: CsXmw D]m-[n-bpsS [a-am-Wv.
{_-n-t-X-.
kn: D]m[n PUtam tNX-\tam? kXytam
Ak-Xytam?
\. th: A\nh-N-\o-b-am-Wv. AXm-bXv
AXv PUtam tNX- \ tam kXytam Ak-
Xytam Fp ]d-bpI h.
kn: C-db - p-Xv "hZtXm hymLmXx'bvp
Xpey-am-Wv. Fs-m Ahn-Zy-sbp \n
]dbp AXv PUtam tNX-\tam kXytam
Ak-Xytam Fp ]d-bpI h. kzWhpw
]n-fbpw Ie temlw kzW-hym-]m-cn-
bpsS ASp-p-sIm-p-sNv CXp kzWtam
]n-ftbm Fp amp-c - p-t\mn ]d-bm Bh-
iy-s-Sp-tm ""CXp kzW-a-spw ]n-f-
b-spw ]d-bpI h. cp-ap-n-Xn'' Fp
]d-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv.
\. th: t\mq! LSm-Imiw, aTm-Im-iw,
taLm-Imiw Fnh al-Zm-Im-i-n\v D]m-
[n-bm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]m-se, AXm-bXv LSw,
aTw, taLm- I miw Fnh D- X n- \ m
BImiw sht- s d- b m- s Wp tXmp- s a-
nepw Fmw al-Zm-Imiw Xs-bm-W-tm.
A- s \- X s amb, Ahn- Z y, ka- j v S n,
hyjvSn, Ax-I-cWw Fo D]m-[n-I-fm
Am-\n-Iv {_w sht-sd-bm-sWp
tXmp-sa-nepw hmkvX-h-n Hp-X-s-
bm-Wv. Cu {]am-W-n-sep ]d-bp-sp
t\mq
An-cy-ssY-tIm`qh\w {]hnjvtSm cq]w
cq]w {]Xncqt]m _`qh GI-kvXYm kcvh-
`q-Xm--cmflm cq]w cq]w {]Xncqt]m _ln-
47.
\o-Xv, hoXn-bp--Xv, Dcp--Xv, sNdn-b-
47. ItTm-]-\n-jXv 5.9
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
Xv, hen-bXv Fn-s\ BIr-Xn-t`-Z-ap
]ZmY-f - n hym]n-p Anv AXmXv
BIrXn e`n-p-sa-nepw AsXmpw An-
bpsS BIr- X n- b - m- X n- c n- p- - X p- t ]mse,
- b
- pw. kh-hym-]-I-\mb ]c-am-flmhv Ax-I-c-Wm-
Zn- I - f n hym]nv Ax- I - c - W m- I rXn
ssIsm-p-s-nepw Ah-bn \nv `n-
\m-bn-cn-p-p.
k: \nfo ]dbpXpw shdp-sX-bm-Wv.
LSw, aTw, taLw, BImiw Fnh `n--
fm-sWv hnNm-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Imc-W--Im-
cy-cq-]-amb PK-v, Poh Fnh {_-n
\npw {_w Ch-bn \npw `n-am-sWp
[cn-p-sIm-p-I.
\. th: An Fm-nepw {]th-inv
AXm- X ns AIr- X n- s sI- s m- p- - X p-
t]mse ImWp-p. CXp-t]mse ]c-am-flmhpw
PU Pohm- Z n- I - f n hym]nv Hmtcmtcm
BIrXn ssIsm-p--Xmbn Am-\n-
Ipw tXmp-p. bYmY-n {_w
PU-hp-a-, Poh-\p-a-. kqcy Ht-bp-s-
nepw Bbncw \nd-Ip-S - f - n Bbncw {]Xn-
_nw_w ImWmw. IpS-an-m-Xm-bm-tem, shw
Hgp-In-c -
- mtem kqcy \in-p-It- bm, Hgp-
In--c-p-Itbm sNp-n-. AXp-t]mse
Ax-I-c-W-n {_-ns B`m-kw--Nn-
Zm-`mkw Fp ]d-bp-X - v ]Xn-n-cn-b- mWv.
Ax- I - c - W - a p- n- S - t mfw Imew Poh-
\papv. m\w-sImv Ax-I-cWw \jvS-
am-Ip-tm Poh {_-kz-cq-]a - m-Ip-p. Cu
NnZm- ` m- k s X\nv kzbw kn- a mb
{_-kz-cq-]-ns Am-\-Im-cW-am-bpw,
t`mm-hm-bpw, kpJn-bpw, ZpxJn-bpw, ]m]n-
bpw, ]pWy- h m\pw P\- \ - a - c - W - a p- - h \pw
Bbn Btcm-]n-p--{Xbpw Imew kmwkm-
cnI _-n \np ap-\m-Ip-n-.
kn: \n-fpsS Cu DZm-l-c-Whpw AY-ap-
-X-. Fs-m, kqcy\pw IpS-n\pw
BIr-Xn-bp-v. kqcy IpS-n \npw IpSw
kqcy- \ n \npw `n- a mIbmemWv {]Xn-
_nw_w Dm-Ip--Xv. \ncm-Im-c--fm-sW-n
{]Xn-_nw_w Dm-hp-I-bn-. ]c-am-flmhv \ncm-
Im-c\pw BImiw t]mse kh-hym-]n-bp-am-I-
bm GsX-nepw hkvXp {_-n \ntm,
{_w GsX-nepw hkvXp-hn \ntm thdn-
224
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
-Xm-Im h. hym]y--hym-]I _-m
Hm-Im\pw h. AXm-bXv A\z-b--hy-Xn-tcI
`mth\ t\mp-tm hym]y--hym-]-I-
Hmbpw kZm sht-sd-bmbpw Ccn-p-p.
Hm-sW-n, AXn Hcn-epw hym]y--hym-
]-I-_w Dm-hp-I-tb-bn-. CXv _rl-Zm-c-
Wy- I - nse A- c ym- a o- { _m- l v a W- n
kv]jvS-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. 48 IqSmsX {_-
ns "B`m-khpw' {]Xn-_nw-_n-n-. BIr-
Xn-bn-m-X- n\p {]Xn-_nw_w Dm-hpI Akw-
`hy- a m- W v. Ax- I - c - t Wm- ] m- [ n- s Imv
{_s Poh-\mbn ImWp-I-bm-sW--m-sW-
n shdpw _meni hmp-I-fm-Wn-h. Ax-
I-cWw Nen-p-Xpw JWvUhpw , {_w AN-
ehpw AJ-WvU-hp-am-Wv. \n CXn-\p-cw
]dbq: Fhn- s S- s bmw Ax- I - c Ww
t]mIptam Ahn-sS-sb-m-ap {_s
Am-\n-bpw, Fhn-sS-sbmw shSn-bptam
Ahn-sS-sb-m-ap {_s m\nbpw
B-p-I-bnt? {]Im-i-n-\-Sn-bn-ep IpS
\op--Xn-\-\p-k-cnv {]Imiw ambp-Ibpw
sXfn-bp-Ibpw sNp--Xp-t]mse Ax-I-cWw
{]Xn-Ww {_s m\nbpw Am-
\nbpw _\pw ap\pw Bn-sm-n-cn-
pw. AJ-WvUa - mb {_-ns Hcn-S - p-m-
Ip Bh-c-W-in Fm-bn-Spw Dm-Ip-
-Xn-\m {_w apgp-h Am-\n-bm-Ipw.
Fs-m AXv tNX-\-amWv, IqSmsX aYp-
c-bn hv A-x-I-c-W-n-ep {_w I
hkvXp-hns Hma AtX Ax-Ic - W
- - n-ep
{_-n\v Imin-bn hv Dm-hp-I-bn-.
A\yZrjvS-at\ym \ kvacXn F \ymb-
m Hcp-h I-Xns\ asm-cp-h\v Hman-
pI h. aYp-c-bn I NnZm-`mkw Imin-
bn Ctm a[p-c-bn-ep AxIc-W-n\v
{]Im-i-ap-m-n-bXv Imin-bnse {_-a-.
{_-amWv Poh. asm- Fp hcn-In
Poh kh--\m-bn-cn--Ww. {_-ns
{]Xn-_nw_w thsdbm-sW-n {]Xn-`n--X-
-ap-p-I--Xn-sbpw tI-Xn-sbpw Adn-hv
Bpw Dm-hp-I-bn-. {_w GI-am-bp-sIm-
mWv kv a c- W - b p- m- I p- - s X- n Hcp
ev Am-\hpw ZpxJhpw Dm-bm
48. _rlZm-c-WyI D]-\n-jv 3.7
kXym-{]-Im-iw
{_w apgp-h\pw Am-\hpw ZpxJhpw Dm-
I-Ww. Ccw DZm-l-c-W-sImv \nXy-
ip- - _ p ap kz`m- h n- b mb {_s
\n Aip---A-m-\-_-mZn tZmj--
fp--Xm-n-op-I-f-p. AJ-WvUs
JWvU--fm-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
\. th: \ncm-Im-c-n-sbpw B`mkw
Dm- I p- p. Im- S n- b nepw Pe- nepw
BImiw {]Xn- ^ - e n- m- d pv \oe- h W-
ntem ap-hn-[-ntem Kw`o-chpw Kl-\-hp-
ambn ImW-s-Sp-p. AXp-t]mse {_-
ns NnZm-`mkw Fm Ax-I-c-W-nepw
]Xn-bp-p.
kn: BIm- i - n\v cq]ta Cm- - X p-
sImv, AXv In\p hnj-b-a-. ImWp-Itb
Cm--Xns\ Im-Sn-bntem sh-ntem
atm Fs\ ImWpw? Kw`o-c-amtbm AKm-[-
amtbm Im-Wp hkvXp kmImcamWv. \ncm-
Im-c-a-.
\. th: ]ns, apI-fn \oenp ImWp-
Xpw Im-Sn-bnepw Pe-nepw {]Xn-_nw-
_n-p-Xpw Fp hkvXp-hmWv?
kn: AXv `qan-bn \np ]d-p-b
shw, av, An, Fn-h-bpsS {Xk-tc-Wp-
-fm-Wv. ag Dm-Ip-n-Sv sh-an-s-n
]ns Fhn-Spv ag-bp-mIpw? AXn-\m AI-
se-b-Ise IqSmcw t]mse ImWp-Xp Pecm-
in-bm-Ip-p. aqS av Zqsc \np t\mp-
tm hnc-f-ambpw Anv Iqw t]msebpw
ImWp- Xp t]mse- b m- W v . BIm- i - n
shw ImW-s-Sp--Xv. 49
\. th: R-fpsS cq kw, kz]v\w
XpS-nb ZrjvSm-- anYy-bm-sWtm?
kn: A, \n-fpsS Adn-hmWv anYy-sbp
t\cs ]d-p. 50 icn, Am\w BZyw
Bm-Wp-m-Ip--sXp ]d-bq.
\. th: {_-n-\v.
kn: {_w Aev] - t\m kh-t\m?
\. th: kh--\p-a-. Aev]--\p-a-
. Fs-m, kh--Xzhpw D]m-[n-
49. t]Pv 369-epw Cu hnjbw N sNbvXn-p-v.
50 t]Pv.....
225
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
tbmSp IqSn-b-Xnte Dm-hp-I-bp-q.
kn: D]m-[n-tbmSp IqSn-b-h BcmWv?
\. th: {_w
kn: Atm {_w Xs- b m- W tm
kh- \pw Aev]- \pw BbXv?
As\-bm-sW-n kh-Xzhpw Aev]-
-Xzhpw {_-n-\n-sv \n \ntj-
[np ]d--sXv? D]m[n shdpw Iev]nXw
AYhm anYy-bm-sW-n B Iev]-\-bpsS
Im-hmcv?
\. th: Poh {_tam ap-h--Xptam?
kn: asm- m- W v . Fs- m, Poh
{_w Xs- s b- n anYym- I ev ] - \ - b psS
Imhp {_w Xs-bm-sWp hp-Iq-Spw.
As\ hcm hgn-bn-. BcpsS Iev]\ anYy-
bmtWm Ah Hcn-epw kXy-kz-cq-]-\m-bn-
cn-m\pw Xc-an-.
\. th: kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw anYy-bm-
sWp R hnNm-cn-p-p. hmp-I
Dcn-bm-Sp-Xpw anYy-X-s.
kn: \n Iw ]d-bphcpw kzoI-cn-
p--hcpw BsW-n Fp-sImv I-m-
c?
\. th: hcs! Ak-Xyhpw kXyhpw \-
fn XsbmWp Iev]n-Xw. \mw cn-sbpw
kmnbpw A[n-jvTm-\-hp-am-Wv.
kn: \n kXy-n-sbpw Ak-Xy-n-
sbpw B[m- c - a m- s W- n, I\pw
kmnbpw Hcm-fm-bXp t]mse-bm-bn. AXn-
\m \n {]mam-Wn-I-c-. kZm kXyw
kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw {]hn-p-
Ibpw sNp BfmWv {]mam-Wn-I. \n-
fpsS hmv \n Xs Ak-Xy-am-p-tm
\n X\nsb anYym-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-o-cp-p.
\. th: A\m-Zn-bmb amb {_s
B{i- b n- p- I bpw, {_s Bh- c Ww
sNp--Xp-amb ambsb \n-fw-Ko-I-cn-p-
pthm Ctbm?
kn: AwKo- I - c n- p- n- . Fs- m
\n amb-bvYw ]d-bp--Xv, ""Cm
hkvXp hnf-p-Xv'' Fm-W-tm. lrZ-b-
51. 6.8.4.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
p s]mn- b - h t\ CXw- K o- I - c n- m- \ m- h q.
Cm hkvXp Dsp tXmpI XnIpw
Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. hy-bpsS ]p{Xs {]Xn-
_nw_w Hcn- epw Dm- h n- . ""kqemx
tkmtayamx {]Pmx'' 51 XpS-nb OmtmKy
hN-\-p hncp--am-Wo-d-bp--sX-mw.
\. th: \n-tf-m hnZzm-m-cmb hkn-
jvT, i-cm-Nm-cy XpSn \n-e-Zm-k
hsc- b p- - h Fgp- X n- b - X ns\ \n
JWvUn-p-pthm? hkn-jvT. i-cm-Nm-cy
\nivNe - Z- m-k XpS-n-bh - c
- mWv Gsd ]WvUn-
X-m-scv Rp tXmp-p.
kn: \n hnZzmt\m Ahn-Zzmt\m?
\. th: \fpw Hp hnZzm Xs.
kn: Fn, hkn-jvT, i-cm-Nm-cy,
\n-e-Zm-k Fn-h-cpsS ]w \psS
apn kaYn- p- I . \ JWv U \w
sNmw. BcpsS ]w knn-p-pthm AXv
t{ijvTw. Ah-cp-tSbpw \n-fp-sSbpw hmZw
AJ-WvU-\o-b-am-sW-n, Ah-cpsS hmZ-ap-J-
sImv \p-tSXns\ Fp-sImp JWv-
Un-p-n? Atm-gt \n-fp-sSbpw Ah-cp-
sSbpw hmZw am\y-amhq?
i-cm-Nm-cycpw apw ssP\n-Isf JWvUn-
p--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv Cu aXw kzoI-cn--sX-
- \ p- a m- \ n- - W w. tZi- I m- e m- \ p- k r- X - a mbn
kzw ]w m]n- p- - X n- \ p- t h- n
kzmYn-I-fmb hfsc hnZzm-m kzw Bfl-
m-\ - n\p hn]-co-Xa - mbn {]hn-m-dp--
tm. IqSmsX Cu Imcy--sf, AXm-bXv Poth-
iz-ssc-Iyw, PK-nYy XpS-n-b-hsb kXyw-X-
s-sb-p AwKo-I-cn-n-cp-s-n, Ah-cpsS
hmp-I kXy-am-hp-I-bn-m-bn-cp-p.
\n-e-Zm-ks ]mWvUnXyw
\n-e-Zm-ks ]mWvUnXyw t\mq. C-
s\-bm-Wv. "Pothm {_mf`n-t-X-\-XzmXv'
Atlw 'hrn{]`mIc-n' Poh-{_-ss-
Iy-ns A\p-am\w Fgp-Xp-I-bm-Wv. tNX-\-
am-I-bm Poh {_-n \nv A`n--am-
Wv. hfsc Aev]--\mb Bfns ]d-n
t]men-cn-p-p. km[ayw D-Xp-sIm-p-
am{Xw cp hkvXp- Hm-sWp hcp-n-
. ssh[ayw t`Z-Ia - m-Wv. "]rYn-ho-Pemf`nm
PU- X zmXv ' PU- a m- b - X n- \ m ]rYn- h nbpw
226
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Pehpw A`n- - a m- s Wv Bsc- nepw ]d-
m AXp icn-b-. AtX-t]mse \n-e-
Zm-ks A\p-am-\-n\pw AY-an-. Aev]-
Xzw, Aev]--X, {`mn-azw apX-emb [a-
{_-n \np hncp-a - mbn Poh-\nepw
kh- K X kh- - X , \n{`m- n- zmZn
ssh[ay- {_-n Poh\p hncp--am-
bn-p-v. AXn-\m {_hpw Poh\pw `n---
fm-Wv. Kw, {ZhXzw apX-emb KpW-v
hncp--am-I-bm ]rYn-hnbpw Pehpw H-m-
-Xp-t]mse Poh\pw {_hpw ssh[ay--
fp--h-bm-Ibm Hm-bn-cp-n-. A, Hcn-
epw Bhp-I-bp-an-. \neZmk\pw apw
Fp ]mWvUn-Xy-ap-m-bn-cp-sv CXn
\np a\-n-em-p-I. tbmKm-h-knjvTw Dm-
n-bXv B[p-\n-I-\mb GtXm thZm-n-bm-
Wv. hmevao-Intbm hkn-jvTt\m {iocm-at\m
AXp-m-p-Itbm sNmn-sm-Sp-p-Itbm
sNbvXn-n-. Fs-m Ah-scmw thZm-
\p-bm-bn-I-fmbncpp. thZ-hn-cp--ambn Hpw
cNn- p- I tbm ]d- p- t In- p- I tbm
sNm Ahm-hp-I-bn-.
imco-cnI kq{X--fnepw C
tNmZyw: hymk-a-ljn cNn-n-p imco-
cnI kq{X--fnepw Poh-{_-ssIyw ImWp-
n- s - mtWm? t\mq: 1. km- Z ym-
ffhncv`mhx tkz\ i_vZm-Zv. 2. {_mtW
ssPan\n cq]-\ym-km-Zn`yx 3. NnXn-X - m-t{XW
XZm-flIXzmZn-Xyu-Up-teman 4. Gh-a-]yp-]-
\ym-kmXv ]qcvh` - m-hmZ hntcm[w _mZ-cm-bWx
5. AX Gh Nm\\y [n]-Xnx 52
AYw:
1. Poh kzw kzcq- ] s {]m]nv
{]ISamIp-p. apv AXv {_-kz-cq-]-am-bn-cp-
p. kzx i_vZ-n \nv {_-cq]w Fp
{Kln- - W w. 2. Abm- a mflmf]l- X - ] mflm
CXymZn D]-\ym-k--fp--Xp-sImv sFiz-cy-
{]m]vXn hsc-bp tlXp--fm {_-cq-]-
n Poh nXn sNp- p. FmWv
ssPan\n BNm-cys aXw. 3. _rl-Zm-c-Wy-I-
nse XZm-fl-I-kz-cq] \ncq-]Ww apX-emb
tlXp-cq] hN-\- \nan-w, ssNX-\y-am{X
kzcq-]-ambn Poh apn-bn nXn sNp-
52. th.-Z.4.4.1,5,6,7,9.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
p-sh-mWv HuUp-teman BNm-cys aXw.
4. C-d D]-\ymkw sFiz-cy-{]m]vXn XpS-
nb tlXp-sf ap\nn Poh {_-
kz-cq-]-am-sWv ]d-bp--Xn\v hntcm-[-an-sv
hymk- a - l jn hnNm- c n- p- p. 5. tbmKn
sFizcy klnXw kzw {_- c q- ] s
{]m]nv A\y A[n-]-Xn-bn-msX AXm-bXv
Xm Xm\mbn khm-[n-]Xn cq]-amb {_-cq-
]-n apn-bn nXn-sN-p-p.
Dcw: Cu kq{X--fpsS AYw C-
s\- b - . icn- b mb AYw C{]- I m- c - a m- W v .
tImepw 1. Fm amen-\y-fpw Cm-Xm-bn,
kzw kzIo-b-ip--kz-cq-]-tbpw ]hn-{X-X-
tbbpw ssIh-cn-p--Xp-hsc Poh\v tbmK-
n \nv sFiz-cy-tbpw A-cym-an-bmb
{_-sbpw {]m]nv B\--n nXn
sNp-hm Ign-bp-X - - . 2. Cs\ ]m]-fpw
apw Cm sFiz-cy-bp--\mb tbmKn-bm-
bm, Atm {_-tmSp tNv apn-
bpsS B\w A\p-`-hnmw Fv ssPan\n
BNm-cy ]d-bp-p. 3. AhnZy XpS-nb tZmj-
-fn \np ap-ambn ssNX\y kzcq-]-
n Poh nc-am-Iptm XZm-fl-IXzw
AYhm {_-kz-cq-]-_w e`n-pp Fv
HuUp-teman BNm-cy ]d-bp-p. 4. {_-
tm- s Smw sFiz- c yhpw ip- m- \ hpw
{]m]nv Pohn-n-cn-th Xs Poh-p--\m-
Ip- t m \na- e - a mb kzw ]qh- c q]w
{]m]nv B\-n-m Ign-bpp FmWv
hymk-ap-\n-bpsS aXw.
tbmKn-bpsS kev]w kXyam-Ip-tm
X\ntb Cuiz-cs\ {]m]nv tam-kpJw A\p-
`-hn-p-p. AhnsS kzw A[o-\-n kzX-
{-\mbn hn-p-p. temI-n Hcp-h
{][m-\nbpw asm-cm A{]-[m-\n-bp-am-bn-cn-p-
-Xp-t]mse tam-n C. Fm ap-
Po-h - mcpw Xpey-cm-Wv. As\bs-n C\n-
sb-gp-Xp kq{X-v FmWv kmwKXyw?
1. t\X-tc-f\p-]-]t-x. 2. t`Z-hy-]-tZ-im-. 3.
hnti- j - W - t `- Z - h y- ] - t Z- i ym`yw- t \- X cu 4.
Akvan-ky N XtZymKw imkvXn. 5. A-
53. 1,2,4,5,6 Fnh {Ia-n 1mw A[ymbw 1mw
]mZ-nse 16, 17, 19, 20, 21 kq{X-fpw 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
Fnh 1mw A[ymbw 2mw ]mZ-nse 22, 11, 3,
18, 20 kq{X--fp-am-Wv.
227
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
kvX-tam-]-tZ-im-Xv. 6. t`Z-hy-]-tZ-im-m\y:
7. Kplmw {]hn-jvSm-hm-flm\u ln Xi-\m-
Xv. 8. A\p-]-]-tkvXp \ imco-cx. 9. A-
cym-ay-[n-tZ-hm-Zn-jp-X-a hy]-tZ-im-Xv. 10.
imco-ct- m-`t- b]n-f ln t`tZ-ss\-\a
(hym- k - a p- \ n- I rX thZm- - Z i\ kq{X-
.) 53
Aw:- 1. {_-n \np `n-amb
Poh krjvSn Im-h-. Fs-m Cu
Aev]\ - pw, Aev] - \
- pw, Aev]k- a- Y-\p-amb
Poh\v krjvSn IrXzw tbmPn-p--X-.
AXn-\m Poh {_-a-.
2. ckw tlyhmbw e_v[zm-\-o-`-hXn CXv
D]-\n-jZ - z-N\- a - m-Wv. 54Poh\pw {_hpw `n-
am-I-bm Ah-bpsS hyXymkw {]Zn-]m-Zn-n-cn-
p-p. A-s\-b-m--]w "ckw' AYhm
B\--cq-]n-bmb {_s {]m]nv Poh
B\ kzcq-]-\m-bn-o-cqp F {]m]vXn
hnj-b-amb {_-n-sbpw {]m]n-p--Xmb
Poh-sbpw {]Xn-]m-Z\w tbmPn-p--Xm-hp-I-
bn-. AXn-\m Poh\pw {_hpw H-.
3. Znthym lyaqx]cpjx k _mlym-
`y-t- cm-lyPx A{]mtWm lya-\mx-ip-t{`m--
tcmXv ]c-Xx-]c - x(-ap-fi.2.1.2) Znhy-hpw. iphpw
aq-a - m-X - pw, kh{X ]qWhpw AIhpw
]pdhpw \nc-cw hym]-Ihpw P acW ico-c-
[m-c-WmZn cln-X-hpw, izmk-{]-izm-kw, ico-cw,
a\v Fn-h-tbm-Sp _-n-\-Xo-X-hpw,
{]Imi kzcq-]hpw Fn--s\-bp ]c-am-fl-
hn-ti-jW - - f - p-X - pw, "Acw' AYhm \mi-
c-ln-X-amb {]Ir-Xn-tb-m kqva-amb Poh-
t\-m kqva-hp-amWv {_w. {]Ir-Xn,
Pohm-flm- Fn-hsb At]-nv {_-
n- s \p t`Z- s a {]Xn- ] m- Z \w D- X p-
sImv {]IrXn, Poh Fn-h-bn \np
`n-amWv {_w.
4. Cu kh-hym-]n-bmb {_--n Pohs
tN AYhm Poh-\n {_-ns tN
{]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p--Xp-sImv {_hpw Poh\pw
`n-am-Wv. tN `nhkvXp- Xnte
Dm-Ip-h-tm.
5. Cu {_-ns B-cym-anXzw apX-emb
[a--tf-n ]d-p. {_w Pohs AI-
54. ssX-cob D]-\n-jXv {_m-\--hn 7.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
tabpw hym]n-n-cn-p--Xn-\m hym]y-amb
Poh\pw hym]-I-\mb {_hpw `n--fm-Wv.
6. ]c-am-flmhv Poh-\n\nv `n-kz-cq-]n-
bmbncnp--Xp-t]mse C{n-b-, A-xI-
- [
- o-bt- X. c-Ww, ]rYnhn apX-emb `qX-, Znv, hmbp,
kqcy, apX-em-bh Znhy-Kp-W-bp--cm-b-Xn-
\m tZh-kw--bvl-cmb hnZzm-m apX-
em-b-h-cn \npw `n-\m-Ip-p.
7. "Kplmw {]hnjvSu kpIr-Xky temtI'
XpS- nb D]- \ n- j - Z z- N - \ - fpw Poh\pw
{_hpw sht-sd-bm-sWp sXfn-bn-p-p.
D]-\n-j-p-I-fn hfsc e--fn Cu
A`n-{]mbw Fgp-Xn-bnpv.
8. ico-tc-`h
- i- m-co-cx.. ico-c[- m-cn-bmb Poh
{_-a-. Fs-m {_-ns KpW-Ia-
kz-`m-h- Po-h\v tNcp--h-b-.
9. A[n-tZ-h- -Fm Znhy-hpw, a\v C{n-b-
apX-emb ]Zm- A[n-`q-X- ] - r-Ynho
apX-emb `qX-, A[ym-fl--kh Pohm-flm-
Fn-h-bn-semw ]c-am-flmhv A-cym-
an-bmbn hn-p-p. Fs-m B ]c-am-
flm-hns hym]-IXzw apX-emb KpW-
Fm D]-\n-j-p-I-fnepw hymJym-\n-n-cn-p-
p.
10. ico- c - [ m- c n- b mb Poh {_- a - .
{_hpw Poh\pw Xn-ep t`Zw kzcq-]-kn-
-am-Wv.
C-s\-bp imco-cnI kq{X-f - n \npw
Poh\pw {_hpw Xn kzcq] t`Zw
Dsp knn-p-p. AXp-t]m-se, thZm-n-
I- f psS D]- { Iaw D]- k w- l mcw Fn- h bpw
bp-a-. D]-{Iaw AYhm Bcw`w {_-
n \nv, D]-kw-lmcw AYhm {]f-bhpw
{_-n \nv. cm-a-sXmcp hkvXp-h-s-
n DXv] - nbpw {]f-bhpw {_-ns [a-
am-bn-o-cp-p. DXv]n hn\m-i--fn-m
{_-s--n-bmWv thZmZn kXy imkv{X--
fn-semw {]kvXm-hn-n-p--Xv. Ah \ho\
thZm-n-Isf {]tIm-]n-n-pw. \nhn-Im-chpw
A]-cn-Wm-anbpw ipw, k\m-X\w \n{`m-
Xzw apX-emb hntij KpW--fm bp-
\p- a mb {_- n hnIm- c w, DXv ] - n,
Am\w apX-em-bh Hcp Xc-nepw kw`-
hy-a-. AXp-t]mse D]-kw-lmcw {]f-bw
Dm-bmepw {_-hpw, Imc-Wm-fl-I-PU {]Ir-
228
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Xn-bpw, Poh\pw \ne-\n-evp-p. AXn-\m
thZm-n-I-fpsS D]-{Ia D]-kw-lmc k-ev]-
fpw Ak-Xy-am-Wv. imkv{X-n\pw {]Xy-
mZn {]am-W-pw hncp--amb Htsd
Aip-{]-kvXm-h--fn-\nbpw Dv.
hn{I-am-Zn-Xy\pw `r-l-cnbpw
CXn- \ p- t ijw ssP\n- I - f p- s Sbpw Iptd-
sbmw i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw
D]- t Z- i m- [ n- j v T n- X - a mb kwkv I mcw Bcym-
h-n hym]n-p. Ch Xn JWvU-
\-a-WvU-\-fpw \S-p-t]m-p. 55 i-cm-Nm-
cypw apqdp hjw ]nv Dss\o \K-c-
n hn{Iam-ZnXys\p t]cp {]Xm-]n-
bmb cmPmhv hmWn-cp-p. Atlw Fm cmPm-
-mcpw Xn A\p-c-RvP-\-ap-mn kam-
[m\w m]n-p. AXn-\p-tijw Imhym-Zn-im-
kv{X--fnepw ap hnj-b--fnepw kmam\yw
]mWvUn-Xy-ap `Xr-lcn cmPmhv Dm-bn.
Atlw hnc--\mbn cmPyw shSn-p. hn{I-
am-Zn-Xy\p tijw Aqdp hjw Ignv
t`mP-cm-Pm-hp-m-bn 56 Ctlw Iptd hymI-c-
Whpw Imhym-e-m-cm-Zn-Ifpw {]N-cn-n--Xns
^e-ambn Bn-S-b-\m-bn-cp Imfn-Zm-k\v cLp-
hwiw t]mep Imhyw cNn-m Ign-p. 57
t`mP- c m- P m- h ns ] Bsc- nepw \
tmIw Dm- n- s mp sNm hfsc
[\hpw am\y-Xbpw \evIn Ahsc t{]mm-
ln-n-n-cp-p. CXn\p tij-ap-mb cmPm--
mcpw {]`p--mcpw ]Tnw t]mepw Dt]-
n-p-If - - p.
i-cm-Nm-cyp tijw, ssihw apX-emb
k{- Z m- b - m- c p- m- b n. Fm Ahv
{]m_eyw Inn-bn-. hn{I-am-Zn-Xys Imew
55. _u-cn hkp-_-, ZnMv\m-K, Cuiz-c-
tk-\, [a-Ion apX-em-b-hcpw adp-`m-Kv
DtZym-X-Ic, Ipam-cne `, hmN-kv]-Xn-an-{i
XpS-n-b-h-cpw.
56. t`mP-s\p t]cp ]e cmPm--mcpw
Dm-bn-cp-p. ChnsS ]d-bp t`mP
hn{I-am-Zn-Xy\v GI-tZiw 1000 hjw tijw
Dmb cmPm-hm-Wv.
57. CXv Inwh-Z-n-bm-Wv. cLp-hw-i-ns
Im-hmb Imfn-Zm-ks icn-bm-b- t]cv
lcn-tj-W Fm-bn-cp-p. kap-{Z-Kp-]vXs a{n-
bm-bn-cp-n-t-lw. t`mPs Ime-p-mb.
Imfn-Zm-k thsd-bm-Wv. (Ir-jvW-N-cn-{Xw).
kXym-{]-Im-iw
apXv ssih {]_-e-cm-bn-p-S-n. hma-
amKn-In-S-bn Zi-a-lm-hn-Zym-Zn-im-J-m-cp-
m-b-Xp-t]mse ssihn-S-bnepw ]mip-]Xw
apX-emb imJ-m-cp-m-bn.
im-c-a-Xhpw ssih-a-Xhpw
Bfp-I i-cm-Nm-cysc inhs Ah-Xm-c-
ambn Icp-Xn, At-l-ns A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb
kw\ym-kn-amcpw ssih-aXw ]nXp-Sp. hma-
amKn-I-tfbpw IqsS Iqn. hma-amKn-I inh-
]-Xv\n-bmb tZhn-bp-sSbpw ssih inh-sbpw
D]m-k-I-cm-bn. Ccp-hcpw `kvahpw cp{Zm-hpw
Cpw AWn-bp-p. Fm ssih hma-
amKn-I-fpsS A{X thZ-hn-cp--c-.
cp{Zm--[m-cWw
1. [nIv [nIv I]mew `kva-cp-{Zm--hn-
lo\w
2. cp{Zmm IWvT-tZti Zi\ ]cn-an-
Xm akvXtI hnwi-Xo-tZz. jSv jSv IcvW
{]tZti Ic- b p- K - f - K - Xm ZzmZ- i m ZzmZ-
ssih, _mtlzm-cntmx Iem`nx ]rY-KnXn
KZnX taI-tahw inJm-bmav,h-ky-m-[nIw
bx Ie-bXn iXIw k kzbw \oe-I-WvTx 58
C--s\-bp hf-sc-tbsd tmI--fp-m-
p-Ibpw 1. s\n-bn `kvahpw Igp-n cp{Zm-
-hp-an-m-h- v Atlm IjvSw IjvSw! Xw
XytP ZyPw bYm Ahsc NWvUm-e-Xpeyw
hPn-t--Xm-Wv. Fn-s\ ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. 2. Igp-n 32 inc-n 40 ImXp-I-
fn 6 hoXw 12 hoXw ssII-fn 1 inJ-bn
s\v 108, Fn-{]-Imcw cp{Zmw [cn-
p- - h kmm \oe- I - W v T Xs.
imcpw C-s\-Xs hniz-kn-p-p.
]noSv Cu hma- a mKn- I fpw ssihcpw
tNv Xocp-am-\nv `K-enwKw {]Xn-jvTn-p.
CXn\v Pe[m-cn-sbpw enwK-sapw t]cp-v.
CXns ]qP-bp-am-cw-`n-p. Cu ]mac Iaw
Fn\p sNps-tmv B \mWw sI-
h sXp-t]mepw \mWnn-. kzmYo tZmjw
\ ]iy-Xn 59 kzmY knn-p-thn kzmYn-
58. cp{Zm--Pm-_me D]-\n-jZv 115. 16- Hmtcm
AwK-nepw F{X-sb{X cp{Zmw [cn--W-sav
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p.
59. AYo tZmjw \]-iyXn (Nm-W-Iy-\o-Xn)6.8.
60. apo-
229
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
I ZpjvIw t]mepw kev-am-sWp
hmZnv sXn tZmjw ImWm-Xn-cn-p-sav
Ihn-hm-Iy-ap-v. B inem-]q-Pbpw `K-enw-K-]q-
Pbpw Fm [amY--Im-a--tam---fp-sSbpw
knn-Im-c-W-ambn Ah Icp-Xn. t`mP-cm-Pm-
hn\p tijw ssP\n-I Ah-cpsS A-e--
fn hn{K-l- {]Xn-jvTn-p-Ibpw AXp
Ip sXmgp-hm Bcw-`n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Atm Cu t]m- m- c psS injy- mcpw
ssP\-t-{X--fn t]mp-h-chp XpS-n.
Hcp hiv ]n-a-tZ-i-nse Nne aX-mcpw
bh- \ 60- mcpw Bcy- h - n hcm\pw
t]mIm\pw XpS- n. Atm t]m- m
\nn tmI-am-Wn-Xv.
\ htZ-Zym-h\ow `mjmw {]mssWx IWvT-
K-ssX-c]n, lkvXn\m XmUy amt\m-f]n \
Kt ssP\ an-c-av 61
F{X-tbsd ZpxJ-ap-m-bmepw icn, {]mW
Igp-n hmepw icn AXm-bXv acWw
hp hnfn-mepw icn, bh-\-`mj kwkm-cn-
tb Acp- X v . {`m- \ m\ sImm HmSp
hm ssP\-t-{X-n Ibdn {]mW
cn-m-sa-p-s-n t]mepw ssP\-t-{X-
n Ib-d-cp-Xv. ssP\-t-{X-n Ibdn
{]mW cn-p--Xnepw \Xv aZ-bm-\-bpsS
apn sNv Nhn-tp NmIp-X - m-Wv. Cs\
kzin-jy-mp-]-tZiw \Im XpS-n.
CXn\v Bsc-nepw {]am-W- tNmZn-p
]w--A-Xm-bXv \n-fpsS aX-n GsX-
nepw {]mam-WnI {K-aptm Fp tNmZn-
m Mvlm! Dv Fp-cw ]d-bpw. Fhn-sS-
bmWv ImWnq Fp ]d- m am-
WvtUb ]pcm-Wm-Zn-I-fnse tmI- sNmn-
tn-pw. Zpm-\m-am-h-en-bn tZhn-bpsS
hW\w t]mse-bm-Wn-Xv. t`mP-cm-Pm-hns
cmPyv hymks t]cn am-WvtUb
]pcmWw inh-]p-cmWw Fnh Dmn {]N-
cn-n-p. Cmcyw cmPm-hn-\-dnhp Inn-b-tm
B ]WvUn-X-mv ssIsh- XpS-nb
in-I sImSp-p. Imhym-Zn-I-fp-m-p--
h Ah-c-h-cpsS t]cn Dm-n-sm-Ww
Ejn ap\n-am-cpsS t]cn Dm--cp-Xv Fp
XmoXp sImSp-p. CXv t`mP-cm-Pmhv cNn-
61. "KssPcm ]oUym-at\mf ]n' F ]mT-t`-Z-tmSp
IqSn `hn-jy-]p-cmWw {]Xn-kK-]hw-3,3 28-53.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
Xpw Kzmfn-tbm cmPy-nse `nWvUv \K-c-
nse Xnhmcn {_m-W-cpsS hon D-Xp-
amb kRvPo-h\n F Ncn{X {K-n-ep-
v . CXv eJp- \ m- b nse dmhp kmtl_pw
t\cnp In-p--Xm-Wv.
alm-`m-c-X-n Iev
AXn kv]jvS-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p
hymk-a-ljn \mem-bn-c-n-\m-\qdpw At-l-
ns injy-m Am-bn-cn Adp-\qdpw
tmI--sf-gpXn BsI ]Xn-\m-bncw tmI--
fn-emWv alm-`m-cXw cNn--Xv. CXv hn{I-am-ZnXy
alm-cm-Pm-hns ]nXm-hns ka-bv Ccp-
]--m-bn-chpw Rm a[y-h-b-n-se-n-bn-
p Cm-ev ap-Xn-\m-bn-chpw tmI--
fm-bn-cn-p-p. Cs\ hfm alm-`m-cX
]pkvXIw Hcp HI-ns Npa-Sm-bn-o-cpw. 62
Ejn--ap-\n-am-cpsS t]cpw ]dv ]pcm-W-{K-
--fp-m-n-bm Bcym-h-nse
P\- taml- P m- e - ns]v sshZn- I -
[w shSnv {`jvS-cm-Ipw. t`mP-cm-Pm-hn\v
Hp sshZn- I - k w- k v I mcw Dm- b n- c p- s v
CXn \np a\-n-em-mw. Ct-l-s--n-
bp t`mP-{]-_--n Cs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-
cn-pp:-
LssSy-Ibm t{Imi-Z-ssi-I-aiz: kpIr-
{Xntam K-Xn-Nm-cp-KXym hmbp ZZmXn hyP\w
kp]p-jvI-ew, hn\m a\p-tjyW Ne-Xy-P-{k-
av. 63
t`mP-cm-Pm-hns cmPy-nepw kao] cmPy-
-fnepw hfsc {]K--cmb inev]n-I-fp-m-bn-
62. CXv kRvPo-h\n F {Ks Bkv]-Z-amn
Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. GI-tZiw 2000 hjw app
apX-ep inem teJ-\--fn alm-`m-c-X-ns\
]cm-ain-p-Xv "iX-k-l-{ko-kw-ln-X-bmav'
(1 ew tmIw) Fm-Wv. `mc-Xvhjv
Im _rlZv CXn-lmk (1) ]WvUnv `K-h-Z-v)
AjvSm-[ymbn 6.2 38 hymk-ap-\n-bpsS `mcXw
Fpw sshi-m-b, kqX, D{K-{i-hv Fn-
h hn-n alm-`m-cXw F _rl-Zm-Im-c
-kq-N-I-amb ]qh-]-Z-{]-Ir-Xn-kzc hn[m-\hpw
]mWn\n sNbvXn-p-v.
63. Cu tmIw t`mP-{]-_--n ImWp-n-.
t`mP-cm-Pmhp cNn "ka-cm-MvKW kq{X-[mc' F
{K-nse b{m-[ym-b-n Cs\ At\Iw
b{- Dm-p {]{In-bm-hn-[n-bp-v,
hnam-\-ap-sS.
230
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
cp-p. Ah IpXn-c-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn-ep Hcp
hml\w b{w LSn-nv Dm-n. AXv Hcp
\mgn-I-bn ]Xn-s\mpw, Hcp aWn-q-dn
Ccp-]-t-g-cbpw t{Imiw (hnfn-m-Sv) Zqcw
t]mIp-am-bn-cp-p. AXv `qan-bnepw A-co--
nepw k-cn-p--Xm-bn-cp-p.-thsd Hcp
]bpw ]Wn-I-gn-n-cp-p. a\p-jy-k-lm-b-an-
msX b{-i-n-sImv CXp Id-p-Ibpw
[mcmfw Imp \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Cu
cp km[\-fpw Cp-m-bn-cp-s-n
bqtdm-p-Im C{X-tbsd sRfn-bp-I-bn-m-bn-cp-
p.
t]m-m X-fpsS injy-msc ssP\n-I-
fn \n-In \nn-sb-nepw ssP\ t{X-
-fn t]mIp--Xn \ntm Ah-cpsS `P-\-
I-Y-\m-Zn-I tIp--Xn \ntm hne-
p-hm Ign-n-. ssP\n-I-fpsS t]m-m
]ucm-Wn-I-t]m-m-cpsS injy-msc hio-I-
cn-m XpS-n. Atm ]ucm-Wn-I-t]m--
m X-fpsS injy-m ssP\-cm-Ip-Xp
XS-bp-hm-\p D]mbw Nnn-p. ssP\-tc-
tmse Xfpw Ah-Xm-c-. t{X-,
hn{K-l-, IYm-]p-kvX-I- apX-em-bh
Dm-W-sap Nnn-p-d-p. ssP\-cpsS Ccp-
]-n-\mep XoY--c-m-tc-tmse Ccp-]-n-
\mev Ah-Xm-c-, t{X-, hn{K-l-
apX-em-bh Dm-n. ssP\-cpsS BZn, Dcw
apX-emb ]pcm-W--tf-tmse ]Xn-s\p ]pcm-
W- \nan-p.
sshjvWh aXm-cw`w
t`mP-cm-Pm-hn\p tijw \q-Xp sImw
Ignv sshjvWh - a- Xw Bcw-`n-p. 64 IRvP-
c- hWn ]nd iT-tIm-] 65 F-bm-
fm-Wn-Xn-\m-cw`w Ipdn--Xv. AXn\p tijw
tXmn hK-n ]nd ap\n-hm-l\ - \
- pw, aqm-
aXv b-h\ Ipe-Pm-X\ - mb buh-\m-Nm-cy\pw Cu
aX-ns BNm-cy-m-cm-bn. \mem-aXv {_W
Ipe-Pm-X\- m-b. cmam-\p-P\
- p-m-bn. Atlw Cu
aXw hfsc {]N-cn-n-p.
]pcm-W--fpsS cN\
64. `mK-h-X-aXw F t]cn sshjvWh k{-Zmbw
AXn-]p-cm-Wa - m-Wv. Cm-ev AXns ]p\-cp-o-
h\w Dmbn FYw.
65. Ib-dp-]n-cn-p hK-am-Wv IRvP-c-hWw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
ssih inh-]p-cm-Whpw apw Dm-n.
imt- b tZho- ` m- K - h - X hpw sshjv W - h
hnjvWp-]p-cm-Whpw Dm-n. Bcpw {]amW-
ambn IcpXn- b nsntem Fp- hn- N m- c nv
kzw t]cn Ch Dm-n-bn-. AXn-\m
hymk apX-emb Ejn-a - p-\n-am-cpsS t]cn-emWv
]pcm-W- cNn--Xv. \ho-\-sa-m-bn-cpp
]pcm-W-sa--Xn\p ]Icw Chbvv hmkvX-h-
n t]cn-tS-n-bn-cp--Xv. Fm Zcn-{Z
Xs aI\v alm-cm-Pm-[n-cm-P Ftm, ]pXnb
km[-\-n\v k\m-X\w Ftm t]cn-Sp--Xp-
t]mse CXn B- c y- s a- pp? Ch
Xn Xp- - X p- t ]mse ]pcm- W -
Xnepw Ie-l-ap-v.
tZho-`m-K-hXw t\mq. {iosbp ]d-bp
{io]p-ck
- zm-an-\n-bmb Hcp kv{XossZhw Cu PK-
smw \nan-p. {_m hnjvWp atl-iz-c-
m-scbpw Ah Xs cNn-p. A tZhnv
C-bp-m-b-tm kzw ssII Xncp-n.
ssII-fn \nv Pzme-bp-m-bn. Pzme-bn
\np {_m-hp-m-bn. '\osbs hnhmlw
Ignq' Fp tZhn ]d-p.' \osbs A-
bmWv, \ns F\np hnhmlw sNp-hm
Ign-btm' Fp {_mhp ]d-Xp tIv
A t{Im[nv aIs\ Npp If-p. hopw
ssII Xncp-n. ssII-fn \nv Pzme-bp-
m-bn. \osbs hnhmlw Ignq Fp
tZhn ]d-p. \osbs AbmWv, \ns
F\np hnhmlw sNp-hm Ign-hn-tm
Fp {_mhp ]dXp tInv A
t{Im[nv aIs\ Npp- I - f - p. hopw
ssII Xncpn cm-as aIs\ DXv]m-Zn-
n-p. Ah\v hnjvWp-shv t]cnp Ah-t\mSpw
A{]-Imcw ]d-p. Ah\pw tIm-bvIb - m
Ah-t\bpw `kva-am-n. aqm-aXpw aIs\ P\n-
n-p. Ah\v inh-s\p t]cn-p. \osbs
hnhmlw Ignq Fv Bh- iy- s- - t m
km[y-a - , thsdmcp kv{XobpsS icocw [mcWw
sNbvXm-emhmw Fp inh ]d-p. tZhn
As\ sNbvXp. Cu cn-Spw ImWp
Nmcw Fm-sWv inh tNmZn-p. CXp
\ns ktlm-Z-c-m-cm-sWpw Ch Fs
B ]men-n AXn-\m Nmc-am-n--f-
spw tZhn ]d-p. Rm H-bvsp
sNpw?
231
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Chsc Pohn-n-q. thsd cp kv{XoI-
sfbpw P\n-n-q. aq-hcpw aqh-tcbpw hnhmlw
Ign- pw. Fmbn inh. tZhn As\
sNbvXp. aqh-tcbpw aqhcpw IeymWw Ign-p.
Imcyw sImmw. Asb thn-. ktlm-
Z-cnsb thp. CXv DNn-X-am-sWp Icp-XtWm?
]noSv Ch C{-t\bpw krjvSn-p. {_m-
hv, hnjvWp, cp{Z, C{ Fn-hsc tZhn
Xs ]-p-Np-n-I-fmn amn. C{]-Im-c-ap
]pfp-am-kp-I \on-c - n tXmpw-]Sn FgpXn
hn- p- v . tZhn- b psS amXm- ] n- X m- - f m- c m-
sWpw {io]pcw Dm-n-b-Xm-cm-sWpw
tNmZn-m Fp ]dbpw? tZhn A\m-Zn-bm-
sW-n, kwtbm-K-P-\y-amb hkvXp Hcn-epw
A\m-Zn-bm-hn--tm. amXmhpw aI\pw Xn
hnhmlw `b-{]-Za - m-sW-n, ktlm-Zc - o-kt- lm-
Z-c-m Xn-ep- hnhmlw Fp KpW-{]-Z-
amWv?
Cu tZho-`m-K-h-X-n inh, hnjvWp,
{_mhv BZn-bm-b-h-cpsS \nm-c-Xbpw Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv Ch-scmw inhs
Zmk-mcpw alm-tZ-h Fm-h-cp-sSbpw Cuiz-
c-\p-am-W-t{X!
`kva-cp-{Zm--
cp{Zmw ac-ns hnv `kvaw Fnh
[cn-p--Xp-sImv apn Inp-sap hnNm-cn-
p-s-n Nmc-n InS-p-cp-fp Igp-
Xbvpw Ipn-p-cp-ame [cn-p Imm-f,
]d-b apX-em-bh - pw apn e`n-nt? `kva-
n InS-p-cp-fp ]n, \mb, IgpX apX-
em-b-hbvpw apn e`n-m--sXv?
tNmZyw: Imem-n-cp-t{Zm-]\ - n-j - n `kvaw
sXmSp- h m- \ p hn[n- b p- v . 66
AXp I-
amtWm? {Xmbpjw Pa- Z t 67 F
66. `kva-{Xn-]p-Wv{U-[m-ctW hn\n-tbm-K. 67 A. 3.-a. 62
68. bmky-{]-Y-am-tcJm km Kml-]Xy Imtcm ctPm
`qtem-Ix Imemn cpt{Zm-]-\n-j-v. Cm-e-t-Xp-
t]mse d^-dkv {K- sImp-\-S-p-hmt\m Hcp-
-ev kw`-cnv D]-tbm-Kn-mt\m Cu {Kw Fgp-
Xp Imev aljnv kuI-cy-an-m-bn-cp-p. Fmw
Hm-bn\np ]In-bm-Xm-It\ hgn-bp-q. Hcp Xh-
W-bn Ihnv Ch-sbmpw hmbn-n-cn-m\pw CSbn-
. Xn-anw bYm-amb ]In-sb-gpv Acw
{K- - f psS Imcy- n sNbv X n- c n- p- I - b p- a n- .
aljnsb Xncp-p-I-b-. ASn-p-dn-p-I-fpsS Dt-iy-
sav Xmev]-cyw.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
bPpthZ hN\w apX-em-b-h-bn \nv `kva-
[m-cW hn[n-I e`n-p-p. cp{Zs In
\np hoW Io-cn \nv Dmb hr-
amWv cp{Zm--sapw AXn-\m AXp [cn-
p-Xv ]pWy-am-sWpw ]pcm-W--fn-se-gp-
Xn-bn-cn-p-p. AXn-\m AXp [cn-p-Xv
]pWy-am-Wv. cp{Zmw [cn-m ]m]-samw
shSnv kzKp t]mImw. Ah\v ba-
s\tbm \c-I-stbm `b-s-tS--Xn-.
Dcw: Imem-n-cp-t{Zm-]-\n-jv GtXm
`kv a - [ mcn Fgp- X n- b - X m- W v . Fs- m
AXnse 68 bmky {]Y- a m - t cJm km
`qtemIx apX-emb hN-\- A\Y-I--fm-
Wv. Znh-tk\ ssIsImp hc-bvp hc
`qtem-Itam AXns\ Ipdn-p-tXm BIp--
sX-s\? IqSm-sX, {Xmbpjw Pa-Zt apX-
emb a{- `kvatam {Xn]p-Wv-{Utam [cn-
p-X - n-t\-- nbpX-. Npssh Pa-Znx
Fv iX- ] - Y w 69 Cuizcm! Fs t\{X-
tPymXn, {Xmbpjw AYhm aqn-c-n-bm-I-Ww.
apqdp hjw \ne-\n-Ww. Rm Ip\-
in-m-Xn-cn- - - h
- - a
- p kXv{]-hr-n-I
sN-s. Fw. Ip-\o hoWv hrw
apf-bvp-I-sb-Xv F{Xtbm hnUvVn--am-Wv.
Cuiz-cs krjvSn-{I-as Bm\pw amn
adn-m-\m-hptam? GXp hr-ns hnv
Cuiz-c\ - p-m-ntbm AXn \nv B hrw
am{Xta Dm-hq. asm-p-ap-m-hn-. 70 AXn-
\m cp{Zm-w, `kvaw, Xpf-kn, Xma-c-m-bv,
]pv, N-\w, apX-em-bh Igp-n-e-Wn-bp-Xv
Imp-a-\p-jy-sc-tmse arK-Xp-ey-cm-b-h am{X-
am-Wv. 71
Cs\ hma- a mKn- I fpw ssih- c p- a mb
At\Iw anYym-Nm-c - mcpw hncp- - mcpw sNt-
Xp sNm- - h - c mbn Hp- t ]- c p- v Ah-
cn-s t{ijvT-m-cp-v. Ah CsXmpw
hniz-kn-msX kXvIa- sNbvXp-sIm-n-
cn-p-p. cp{Zm-hpw `kvahpw Ip ba-
[as ZqX-m `b-s-Sp-sa-n t]meo-kp-
69. iX-]-Yw81.2.3
70. Io-cn\np hr-ap-m-hn-sp Xmev]-cyw.
71. kv{Xo]p-cp-j-mv kzW, cP B`-c-W--fm-
hm-sav kwkvm-c-hn-[n, hnhm-l-{]-I-cWw B`-
c-W-am-Wv, BkvXn-b-.
232
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Imcpw `b-s-S-W-a-tm. cp{Zm-hpw `kvahpw
[cn-p--hsc Im ]nbpw knwlhpw
khpw tXfpw Cubpw sImXpIpw apw `b-
s-Sp-n-s-n \ymbm-[n-]-s--b-a-s hKw
`b-s-Sp--sX-n\v?
sshjvWh aXw
tNmZyw: hma-amKn-Ifpw ssihcpw \-
h-c-. sshjvW-htcm? Ah \-h-ct?
Dcw: Chcpw thZ-hn-cp--cm-I-bm ap-
-h-tc-m No-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw: ""\akvtX cp{Z-a\ - yth'' ""inhmb
N inh-X-cm-bN'' ""sshjvW-h-akn'' ""hma-\m-
bN KWm-\mwXzm KW-]-XoMv lhm-atl `K-
hXo ln `qbmx, kqcy Bflm PKXkvXp-
j'' 72 apX- e mb thZ- { ]- a m- W - - f m
ssihmZn aX- knn-p-p. ]ns-n\v
\n JWvU\w sNp-p.
Dcw: Cu hN-\--fn \nv ssihm-Zn-
a-X--fpsS knn Dm-hp-n-. Fs-m
cp{Z FXv Cuiz- c {]mWm- Z n- h m- b p,
Poh, Bn apX-em-bh - b
- psS t]cm-Wv. t{Im[n-
p cp{Z\v AXm-bXv ZpjvS - msc Ic-bn-p
]c- a m- fl m- h n\v \a- k v I m- c w. {]mWv
AYhm PT-cm-nv A-Zm\w sNp-I. \a
CXn A-\m-a. (\n-Lp 2, 7) \a A-
ns ]cym-ba - m-sWv \nL-p-hn-ep-v. awK-
f-{]-Z\
- m-b, temI-n\v AXyw \ sNp
B inhs\ ]c-am-flm-hn-s\ \a-kvI-cn--Ww.
inhky ]c-ta-iz-c-kymbw `x ssih (in-
h- s - - C u- i z- c - s `- \ mWv ssih)
hnjvtWmx ]c- a m- fl t\mfbw `tm
sshjvWhx (hn-jvWp-hns Cuiz-c-s--`--
\mtcm Ah-\t{X sshjvW-h) KW-]tXx
kI-eP - K-
- zm-ant\mfbw tkhtIm KmW-]Xx
(k-Ie PK-n-tbpw bP-am-\-\mb KW-]-Xn-
bpsS tkh-I-\t{X KmW-]-Xy) `K-hXym
hmWym Abw tkhIx `mK-hXx (k-Xy-hm-
Wn-bmb `K-h-Xn-bpsS tkh-I `mK-h-X)
kqcky Ncm-N-cm-fl\x Abw tkhIx kucx
(N-cm-N-cm-flm-hmb kqcys PK-Zo-iz-c-s
tkh-I\ - mWv kuc. cp{Z, inh, hnjvWp,
KW-]-Xn, kqcy Fo t]cp-I-sfmw Cuiz-
72. {Ia-n bq 16.1, 16, 41, 5.21, 16.30, 23, 19
AYhw 9.10 20 bp 13.46
kXym-{]-Im-iw
c-t-Xpw, `K-h-Xn-sb-Xv kXy-`m-j-Wbp--
amb hmWn-bp-sSbpw t]cm-Wv. CXp a\-n-em-
m-sX-bmWv _l-f-ap-m-p-Xv DZm-l-cWw
]d-bmw.
Hcp kw\ym-knv cv injy-mcpmbn-
cp-p. Znh-khpw Ah Kpcp-hns Imep Xncp-
n-sm-Sp-pw. Hcm CS-t-mepw at-bm
he-t-mepw Xncp-p-hm ]n-s-Spp. Hcp
Znhkw injy-cn-sem-cp-h Am-Sn-bn t]mbn.
at-bm Xm ip{iq-jn-p Imev Xncp-n-
sm-n-cp-p. Atm Kpcp Xncnp InS-
p. Atm Xm ip{iq-jn-p Imen-t
at-m hp hoWp. injy hSn-sb-Spv
B Imens\ {]l-cn-p. FSm ZpjvSm \nsb-
mWo sNbvXXv? Fv Kpcp tNmZn-p. ""Rm
ip{iq-jn-p Imen at-m Fn\p
Ibdn- bn- cpp?'' Fmbn injy. Atm-
tgpw at injy\pw Am-Sn-bn \np
hp. Abm Xs hI Imens\ ip{iq-jn-
m XnS-n. AXn \ocp--Xp-Iv ""Fs
hI-bmb Cu Imen-s\p ]n?'' Fp tNmZn-
p. Dmb kw`hw Kpcp ]d-p-tIn-p.
B aqV\pw anmsX A\-msX hSn-sb-Spv
at-Im-en s]mXnsc Xn. Kpcp Dds \ne-
hn-fn-p. injy-m cp-t]cpw hSn-sb-Spv
cp-Im-ep-Is - fbpw {]l-cn-m XnS-n. henb
_l-f-am-bn. Bfp-I HmSn-q-Sn. kzman-s-p-
]- n- sb- - h tNmZn- p. GtXm _pn- a m
kzmansb cn-v, aqV-m-cmb injysc D]-
tZ- i np: ""cp- I mepw kzman- b p- t S- X m- W v .
cn\pw \n-fpsS ip{iqj Dm-b-tm
kzmanv kpJw Inn. t\mhn- - t m
s\mXpw kzman-p-Xs''.
Kpcp-ip-{iq-jb - n injy-m ImWn Xami
t]mse, GI-hpw, AJ-WvU-hpw, kn-Zm-\
kzcq- ] - h pamb ]c- a m- fl m- h ns hnhn- [ - \ m- a -
fmb hnjv W p, cq{Z, apX- e m- b - h - b p- s S,
Hmw kap- m- k - n shfn- h m- nb
kXymY- sf a\- n- e m- msX im
sshjvW-hmZn aX-m ]c-kv]cw \ma-\n
sNp-p. Cu a-_p-n-I kzev]-sa-nepw
_pn hnI-kn-n-v, hnjvWp, cp{Z, inh apX-
73. cmam-\p-P-]-Se ]-Xn, t]Pv 7 AhnsS kzev]w
hyXym-k-ap-v.
74. E 9.83.1
233
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
emb \ma- GIhpw AZzn-Xo-bhpw kh-
\n-b-mhpw khm--cy-manbpw Bb PK-Zo-iz-
cs hnhn[ KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--f-\p-k-cn-p--
h-bm-sWv Nnn-p--tX-bn. C-s\-bp
aqV-m-tcmSv Cuiz-c tIm]n-p-I-bnt?
N{Im-n-X-cpsS IY
C\n N{Im-nX sshjvW-h-cpsS ApX
IY tIpI: Xm]x- ]p{fiw bYm-\m-a-
amem a{-kvX-ssY-h-N. Aao ln ]-kw-
kvmcmx ]c-ssa-Im tlXhx 73 "AX-]vX-
X-\qcv\ XZmtam Aiv\ptX' 74 CXn-{ip-tX.
AYw: Xm]x= iwJv, N{Iw, KZ, ]flw
Fo ap{Z-I Npp ]gp-nv `qP-aq-e--fn
AS-bmfw Ipp-p. Fnv ]mm-{X-n
apn NqSm-p-p. Nne Cu ]m IpSn-bvp-
Ibpw sNp-p. t\mq! a\p-jy- amw-k-ns
kzmZv B ]men ImWp-sav {]Xy--am-W-
tm. C-s\-sb-m-ap Ia- sImv
Cuiz-c-{]m-]vXn-bp-m-Ip-sav Bin-p-Ibpw
iwJ- N - { Im- Z n- I sImv Imn- p- msX
Poh Cuiz-cs\ {]m]n-p-I-bn-sp ]d-bp-
Ibpw sNp-p. Fs-m Npn Ipm--
h Bax AYhm ]mI-am-Im--h BW-t{X.
"hn't]mep AS-bm-f- Iv hnm-in-]m-
bn-sbpw apw cmP-`r-Xysc Xncn--dn-bp--Xp-
t]mse hnjvWp-hns Bbp-[--fmb iwJ-N-
{Im-Zn-IfpsS Nn- Iv ba-[a\pw `S-
mcpw `b-s-bp-a-t{X. Ah ]d-bpp;
_m\m _Um Zbm Im XneIv Om]v Hu
am bav Uss] Imeq Itl `qb-amt\
`q]mev 75
`K-hms Ae-m-c-amb Xne-Ihpw ap{Zbpw
amebpw [cn-p-Xv al-Xz-am-Wv. AXns\
cmPmhpw ba-cm-Pmhpw `b-s-Spp F-Yw.
Xm] ]p{fim-Zn-I-fpsS hymJym\w
]p{fiw={Xniqew t]mse s\n- b n
aptm]n hc- b v p- - X v . \maw=\mcm- b W
Zmk, hnjvWp Zmk, apX-emb Zmk-s\--
h-km-\n-p t]cnSp-I. ame=Xma-c-p-cp-am-e-
75. Zbm-ep-hmb Cuiz-cs alm-Nn---
fmWv Xne-Ihpw ap{Zbpw ame-bpw. ba\pw `q]m-
e\pw AXp-Iv `b-s-Sp-sa-Xn kwi-b-an-.
(`--ame 6)
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
b-Wn-bp-I. a{w=1. ""Hmw \tam \mcm-b-Wmb''
CXn-h km[m-c-W-mp-thn Dmn
h a{-am-Wv. IqSm-sX, 2. {ioa-m-cm-b-W-N-
cWw icWw {]]-tZy. 3. {ioatX \mcm-b-Wmb
\ax 4. {ioa-tX-cm-am-\p-Pmb \ax CXymZn a{-
[\m- V y- mpw am\y- mp- a mbn
Dm-n-h-n-p--Xm-Wv. CXpw Hcp I-h-S-am-
bn-tmbn! Nn-bvsm N-c!! Cu Av
kwkvm-c- apn-Im-c-W-am-sWv N{Im-
n-X-m hnNm-cn-bvp-p. Cu a{--fpsS
AYw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
1. Rm \mcm-b-Ws\ \a-kv-cn-p-p. 2.
evao-k-ln-X-\mb \mcm-b-Ws Xrt-h-Sn-
Isf Rm icWw {]m]n-p-p. 3. tim`-\o-
b-\mb \mcm-b-W\v \a-kvm-cw. 4. {ioam-\mb
cmam-\p-P\v \a-kvmcw.
hma-amKn-Iv ]-a-Im-c- F{]-Im-
c-amtWm A{]-Im-c-amWv N{Im-n-Xv ]
kwkvm-c-. iwJ-N-{I- ico-c-n
Imn-p-p--Xn\v {]am-W-am-nb thZ a{-
ns ]mThpw AYhpw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
1. ]hn{Xw tX hnXXw {_-W-kv]tX
{]`qcvKm-{XmWn ]tcyjn hnizXx AX]vX
X\qcv\ XZmtam Aiv\ptX irXmk CZz-l-
-kvX--am-i-X.
2. Xt]m-jv]h - n{Xw hnXXw Znh-kv]t- X. (E
9.83.1.2)
{_m-fi-sbpw thZ-sbpw ]cn-]m-en-
p {]t`m! kh-km-aYy-bp-\pw kh-
i-n-am\pw Bb Av kzw hym]vXn-bm
kwkm-c -- ns khm-h-b--fnepw hym]n-n-
cn-bvp-p. A-bpsS hym]-Ihpw ]hn-{X-hp-
amb kzcq-]s {_-N-cyw, kXy-`m-j-Ww,
iaw, Zaw, tbmKm- ` ym- k w, PntX- { n- b - X zw,
kwKw XpS-nb X]--cy-I-fn-m Ax-
I-c-W-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Bflmhv {]m]n-p-I-bn-.
A-d X]-kp-I-fm ip-am-b-h am{Xta
X]m-N-c-W--fn-eqsS A-bpsS ip-kz-cq-
]s `wKn-bmbn {]m]n-p-I-bp-q.
2. {]Im-i-kz-cq-]-\mb Cuiz-cs krjvSn-
bn, hnkv X r- X hpw ]hn- { Xm- N - c - W - c q- ] hpw
Bb X]--\p-jvTn-p--h am{Xta ]c-am-flm-
hns\ {]m]n-p-hm tbmKy-cm-hp-I-bp-q.
AX-]vX-X\p-hns AYw
234
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Cu cmam-\p-Po-bcpw apw N{Im-n-X-cm-Ip-hm-
\p A\p F-s\-bmWv Cu a{-n
\nv knn- p- Xv ? Ah hnZzm- m- c m- b n-
cptm AtXm Ahn-Zzm-mtcm? hnZzm-m-cm-bn-
cp-s-n Cm AYw F-s\-bmWv Cu
a{-n\p ]d-bp-Xv? AX-]vX-X-\p-sh--
msX AX-]vX-`p-ssP-I-tZix Fo a{-n-
en--tm. IqSmsX AX-]vX-X-\p-hnse X\px
F-Xn\v \J-in-Jm-a - p ico-cmw-i - s
Fm-WY-sa-pw, An-sImp s]mn--
emWv hn[n-n-cn-p--sXpw N{Im-n-X-m
AwKo-I-cn-n-v, AXn]Sn Ah-c-h-cpsS ico-
cs ASp-n-env Npm-epw-IqSn AXv a{mY-
n\p hncp--am-Ip-p. a{-n kXy-`m-j-
WmZn ]hn-{X-Ia--sf-bmWv X]-skp ]d-
n-cn-p--Xv. EXw-X]x kXyw-X-t]m-Z-a-kvX-
]x- kzm-[ym-b-kvX]x (ssXco-bw) 76 apX-
em-b-h-sb-bmWv X]-skp ]d-n-p--Xv.
EXw X]= bYmY-amb ]cn-ip-n. kXyw
AwKo-I-cn-p-I, hmnepw {]hr-n-bnepw
kXy- k - - X , a\- k ns\ A[a- n- t ep
t]mIm-\-\p-h-Zn-m-bvI, C{n-b-sf A\ymb
IrXy--fn {]hr--am-m-Xn-cn- apX-em-
b-h-bmWv X]-kv. icocw C{n-b- a\kv
Fn- h - b m ip`- I a- BN- c n- p- I ,
thZmZn kXy-hn-Zy-I ]Tn-bpw ]Tn-n-bpw
sNbvI, thZm-\p-krXw BN-cn-p-I, apX-emb
D-ahpw [a-bp--hp-amb {]hr-n-I-fpsS
t]cmWv X]-kv. temlw ]gp-nv sXmen-s]m-
n-p-Xv X]-k-.
N{Imn-X-m henb sshjvW-h-cm-sWv
kzbw Icp-Xp-p. Fm Ah XfpsS
]mc-cyw ZpjvI- Fn-ht- b-n Nnn-
p--tX-bn-. Ah-cpsS BZy-Kp-cp-hm-bn-cp
iT- t Im--] - s \- n Uqa- P m- X n- b n* ]nd
\m`mZm-k cNn `-am-e-bn ""hn{Iob
iq]w hnNNm-c-tbmKo'' 77 Fp-v. C-
s\-bp hN-\--fmWv N{Im-n-X-cpsS {K-
-fn-ep-X - v. iT-tIm-] apdw saSp hnevp-
-bm-fm-bn-cp-p. AXm-bXv ]d-bI - p-e
- n ]nd-
-h-\m-bn-cp-s-Yw. {_m-W-cn \nv
76. EXw X]x kXyw X]x {iqXw X]x imav
Fv ssXo-cob Bc-WyIw 10.8 ]mTw.
77 Znhykqcn-N-cnXw . kKw 2, tmIw 52,
* Hc-hW hn`mKw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]Tn-m B{K-ln-n-cp-n-cn-mw. {_m-W
AXv Xnc-kvI-cn-n-cn-mw. XpSv {_m-
Wp hncp--ambn XneIw N{Iw apX-em-bh
sImv ]pXn-sbmcp aX-k-{-Zmbw Bcw-`n--
Xm-hmw. At-l-ns injy ap\n-hm-l-\
NWvUme hW-n ]nd--bm-fm-bn-cp-p.
Cbm-fpsS injy bmh-\m-Nm-cy bh-\-Ipe
PmX-\m-bn-cp-p. Nne Cu t]cp ]cn-jvI-cnv
- fmw bmap-\m-Nm-cy Fpw ]d-bm-dp-v. ]no-SmWv
{_mW Ipe-Pm-X-\mb cmam-\p-P N{Im-n-
X-\m-b-Xv.
cmam-\p-P\pw i-cm-Nm-cycpw
cmam-\p-P\p apv GXm\pw `mjm-{K- - tf
Dm-bn-cp-p-q. Ctlw Ipdp kwkvIrXw
]Tn-bpw kwkvIr-X-n Nne tmI-_--
{K--fpw imco-cnI kq{Xw D]-\n-j-p-I
Fn-hbvv i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS `mjy-s-
Xn-cmb `mjy-fpw cNn-p-I-bp-m-bn. i-cm-
Nm-cysc hf-sc-tbsd \nn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
{ioi--cs aX-amb AssZz-Xw, AXm-bXv
""Poh-\pw {_hpw Hp-X-s-bm-Wv, asmcp
hkv X phpw hmkv X - h - n C, PK- v ,
{]]w Fmw anYybpw ambm-cq-]hpw A\n-
Xyhpw BWv'' F-Xn-s\-Xn-cmbn cmam-\p-Ps
aXw ""Poh {_w, amb Fnh aqpw
\nXy-am-Wv.'' Ft{X. {_-n\p ]pdta
Poh, Imc-W-{]-IrXn Fn-hsb kzoI-cn-m-
-Xp-sImv i-cm-Nm-cy-cpsS aXw icn-b-.
Cm-cy-n cmam-\p-Ps aX-hpw--Po-h-\pw,
ambbpw klnXw Cuiz-c HmWv F
hninjvSm-ssZz-Xw, Ch aqnt\bpw kzoI-cn-
p-Ibpw AssZzXw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-I-sb-
-Xv, Xopw hy-am-Wv. Cuiz-cs A[o-
\- nepw XnIpw ]mc- X - { y- n- e p- a m- W v ,
Poh Fp Icp-Xp-I, Igp-nepw s\n-bnepw
Xne-I-a-Wn-bp-I, ame-b-Wn-bpI hn{K-lm-cm-[\
\S- pI apX- e m- b - h - t bm- S p- I q- S nb ]ma- c -
aX{]Nm-cWw XpS-n-bh N{Im-nX aX-n-
ep-v. Cu N{Im-n--X-tcmfw thZ-hn-tcm-[n-I-f
im-c-a-X-m.
hn{K-lm-cm-[\
tNmZyw:hn{K-l-cm-[\ Fhn-Spv XpSn?
Dcw: ssP\n-I-fn \nv.
tNmZyw: ssP\n-I Fhn-Spp XpSn?
235
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw: Ah-cpsS A-X-bn \nv.
tNmZyw: imhpw [ym\m-h - b- n-en-cn-p-
-Xp-amb hn{K-ls t\mn-bn-cp-m
Ah-\h - \pw A-cs - amcp Ah-m-cw hcp-
sa-mWv ssP\ ]d-bp--Xv.
Dcw: Poh tNX-\hpw hn{Klw PU-
hp-am-Wv. hn{K-l-t-tmse Poh\pw PU-am-
Ip-satm? Cu hn{K-lm-cm-[\ tIhew ]ma-c-
a-X-am-Wv. ssP\-m-cmWv CXp {]N-cn-n--Xv.
AXn-\m ssP\-aX - J - W - vU\w ]{mw kap-
m-k-n sNp--Xm-Wv.
sshjvWh ssP\-t`Zw
tNmZyw: sshjvW-hcpw apw hn{K-lm-cm-
[- \ sb ssP\- c n \n- \ p- I - c n- p- I - b
sNbvX-Xv. Ah-cpsS hn{K-l- ssP\-cp-tS-
Xp-t]m-se-b-.
Dcw: AXp-i-cn-bm-Wv. ssP\-a-X-m-cp-tS-
Xp-t]mse \nan-n-cp-s-n Ahcpw ssP\-
cm-bn-tm-tb-t\. AXn-\m ssP\-cp-tS-Xn\p
hncp--ambn hn{K--l- ]Wn-Xp. ssP\p
hncp--ambn sNp-I-bm-bn-cp-tm Ch-cpsS
]cn-]m-Sn. Chp hncp--ambn sNp-Xv
ssP\-cp-tS-bpw. hnc--a-\p-jy-cpsS \hpw
[ym\m-h-n-X-hp-amb hn{K-l- ssP\-cp-
m- n- b - t m AXn\p hn]- c o- X - a mbn
sshjvW-hcpw apw btYjvSw irwKm-cn-I-fmb
kv{XoI-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw hW-sm-en-a-bp--
Xpw, cmK- t `m- K - h n- j - b m- k n kln- X - a mb
BIm- c - a p- - h cpw Bb {]Xn- a - I
\nevIpItbm Ccn-p-Itbm sNp cq]-n
\nan-p. ssP\-m-c-[n-Ihpw iwJp-hn-fn, aWn-
b-Sn, sN-sIm-v, apX-em-b-sXmpw sNm-dn-
. sshjv W - h m- Z n- I Ch- s Imv henb
tImem-l-e-ap-m-p-p. C-s\-bp eoe-
IsImmWv sshjvWh-t]m--m X-
fpsS injy-msc ssP\-cpsS he-bn \np
hnSn kzw he-bn IpSp-n-bn-cn-p--
Xv. IqSmsX hymkmZn aljn-am-cpsS t]cn,
sIp-I-Y-Ifpw Akw-`-h-Km-Y-Ifpw Nav {K-
-fm-n. Chbvv ]pcm-W-sap t]cnv IYm-
{]-h-N-\hpw Bcw-`n-p.
Im]-Syhpw NXnbpw
hnhn[ ambm-Pm-e- {]tbm-Kn-m\pw
Ah aSn-n-. inem-hn-{K-l--fp-mn ]h-
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
X-ntem Imntem Hfnp hbvp-Itbm Ipgn-
n-Sp-Itbm sNpw. Fnv injy-m-tcmSv shfn-
]mSp t]mse Cs\ ]dbpw: cm{Xn-bn
F\n-smcp kz]v\a - p-m-bn. alm-tZ-h, ]m-
Xn, cm[, IrjvW, koX, cma, As-n
evanbpw \mcm-b-W\pw AYhm ss`c-h
l\p-am Fn-h-cn-em-cp-sS-sb-nepw t]cp ]d-
v, ""kz]v\- n Acp-fn-s-bvXp. Rm Cn-
S-p-v, Fs-sIm-p-h-v Aew ]WnXv
{]Xn-jvTn-Ww. \o Xs ]qPm-cn-bp-am-I-Ww.
Fn \n-fpsS at\m-hm-RvOn-X--sfmw
\S-q. Atm a\-p Xpd-m--hcpw aSn-
oe Xpd--h-cp-amb Bfp-I t]mns eoe-
I tI-]Sn hniz-knv Fhn-sS-bmWv hn{K-l-
sap tNmZn-pw. C ]h-X-n-setm
C Imn-setm t]mv ]d-bpw. DSt\ Ah
B NXn-bs IqsS ]pd-s-Spw. sNp t\mp-
tm hn{Klw Iv B-cy-s-Spw. t]mns
Imev hoWv \a-kvI-cnv ]d-bp-I-bp-mbn
""Cu `K-hms A\p-{Klw A-bn-ep-v. Av
`K- h ms\ Fgp- - n- p- sImp t]mbm- s .
R Aew ]WnXp Xcmw. AhnsS {]Xn-
jvTnv Ap Xs ]qPn-m-s. Rfo hnfn-
p-dp hcp `K-hms\ Ipw sXmpw 78
at\m-hm-RvOn-X--fmb ^e- t\Sn-sm-
mw.'' Cs\ Hcp-h eoe-I-fm-Sn-b-tm
AXp-Iv ap ]ecpw hb-p-]n-g-n-\mbn NXn-
bnepw Im]-Sy-n-eq-sSbpw hn{K-l- {]Xn-
jvTn-p.
hn{K-lhpw Cuiz-c-kva-c-Wbpw
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c \ncm-Im-c-\m-Wv. AXn-
\m [ym\-n sImp-h-cm kmy-a-.
AXn-\m hn{Klw IqSntb Ign-bq. asmpw
sNp-hm-\m-Ip-n-s-nepw hn{K-l-n-\p-ap-
n sNv ssIIqn Cuiz-cs\ kvacn-p-
Ibpw \maw sNmp-Ibpw sNp--Xn-se-mWv
Xc-tSv?
Dcw: Cuizc \ncm-Im-c\pw kh-hym-
]nbp-am-Wv. B Cuiz-cs hn{Klw \nan-
mt\ kmy-a-. hn{K-l-ns Zi-\-am-{X-
bn Cuiz-c-kva-c-W-bp-m-Ip-sa-n Cuiz-
cs ApX cN-\-bmb ]rYzn, Pew. An,
78. D-tc-y t{X--fn Fm-hpw
hn{K-l-kv]i\w A\p-h-Zn-n-p-v.
236
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
hmbp, h\- h r- - apX- e mb At\Iw
hkvXp-fpw Cu hI-sbmw D `qan, ]h-
X-Cu-iz-c-c-Nn-X-amb Cu alm-aqn-I-
fn \nm-Wtm a\p-jy hn{K-l--fp-m-
p--Xv apX-em-bh Im Cuiz-c-kva-c-W-
bp-m-hp-I-bnt? Cs-n hn{Klw Im
Cuiz-ck - vac
- W hcp-sap ]d-bp-Xv Xopw
anYy-bm-Wv. hn{Klw apn-en-m-t-m Cuiz-
c-kvac- W Dm-Im-Xn-cn-p-Xv a\p-jy GIm-
-X-bn sNv tamjWw hy`n-Nmcw apX-emb
ZpjvIa--fn Gs-Sm km[y-X-bp-v.
ChnsS Fs Bcpw ImWp-n-s tXm
\nanw Ah A\Yw sNm-Xn-cn-n-.
Cs\ \nc-h[n Zqjy- inemZn hn{K-l-
-fpsS Bcm-[-\-bn\np-m-Ipw. t\mq!
inem-hn-{K-l-sf Bcm-[n-msX kZm kh-
hym-]-I\pw khm--cym-anbpw \ymb-Im-cn-bp-
amb ]c-am-flm-hn-s\-s Fpw \nd--h-
s\v Adn-bp-Ibpw Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-b
W-am-{X-t]mepw Xm Cuiz-c-\n \n-I-
n-cn-p-n-s--dn-v, ZpjvIaw sNp--Xp-
t]m- I s a\- n Nnn- p- I - t ]m- e p- a n- .
a\km hmNm IaWm Fs-nepw No
sNbvXm A-cym-an-bpsS \ymb-n \nv
in e`n-msX c-s]-Sp-I-bn-s--bm-
dn-bmw.
\ma-kva-c-W-bpsS D-a-coXn
IqSmsX shdpsX \maw sNmp--Xp-sImv
bmsXmcp ^e-hp-an-. Ievw Ievw
Fn-s\ Dcp-hn-m hmbvp a[p-ctam thv
thv Fn-s\ Dcp-hn-m Ibvt]m Dm-
hp-I-bn-. \mp-sImv ckn-m am{Xta a[p-
ctam Ibvtm Adnbm-\m-Iq.
tNmZyw: \ma-P]w shdpw shdp-sX-bm
tWm? ]pcm-W--fn kh{X \ma-kva-cW
amlmflyw hmgvn-bn-ptm?
Dcw: \n \ma-P]w \S-p coXn
D-a-a-. \n-fpsS \ma-P-]-ns coXn
bYm-a-.
tNmZyw: R-fpsS coXn Fs\?
Dcw: thZ-hn-cp-w.
tNmZyw: \-Xv, thZm-\p-Iqe coXn F-
s\-sbp ]dp Xms.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw: \ma-P]w sNt--Xn--s\-bm-Wv.
\ymb-Im-cn-sb-Xv Cuiz-cs Hcp \ma-am-Wv.
Cu \ma-ns AYw AXm-bXv ]-]m-X-
c-ln-X-\mbn Ftmgpw Fm-hpw bYm-hXv
\ymbw sNp-, Hcn-epw A\ymbw sNm
]c-am-flmhv Fn-s\ {Kln--Ww. CXp
{Klnv \ymb-bp--amb {]hrn sN-Ww.
A\ymbw Hcn-epw sN-cp-Xv. Cs\ Cu
H \maw sImp-Xs a\p-jy\v awK-f-ap-m-
Ipw.
Ah-Xm-c-
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c \ncm-Im-c-\m-sWv
Rpw Adn- b mw. Fm inh,
hnjvWp, KW-]-Xn, kqcy XpS-nb ico-c-
[cn- p- I bpw cma, IrjvW
XpSnb Ah- X - m - c - FSp- p- I bpw
sNbvXp. CXn \nv Cuiz-cs hn{K-l--
fp-m-n. CXpw I-amtWm?
- m,
Dcw: AtX-btX Iw. Fs-m
AP GI ]mXv, 79 AIm-b-av 80 CXymZn hnti-
j-W--fm Cuiz-cs\ P\-\-a-c-W-c-ln-X,
icocw [cn- m- - h Fv thZ- - f n
hntijn-n-n-p-v. IqSmsX bpn-sImpw
Ah- X mcw Dm- I p- s ap knn- p- I - b n- .
BImiw t]mse kh{X hym]n-n-cn-p
A\-hpw kpJ-Zpx-J-Zr-iym-Zn-Kp-W-c-ln-X-amb
AXv sNdn- s bmcp hocy- ntem K`m- i - b -
ntem ico-c-ntem Fs\ HXpp-sa-
mWv? hcn-Ibpw t]mhp-Ibpw sNp-Xv GI-
tZ-io-b-am-b-Xm-Wv. AN-ehpw AZr-iyhpw Hcp
]c-am-Wp-hn t]mepw Cm-Xn-cn-m--Xp-amb
AXns Ah-Xm-c-s-n ]d-bp-Xv hy-
bpsS ]p{X hnhmlw sNbvXv ]p{X-\p-mbn
Fp ]d-bpw-t]m-se-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw: Cuiz-c Fpw \nd--h-\m-
sW-n hn{K-l-nepw Dv. GsX-nepw
hkvXp-hn Cuiz-cs\ k-ev]nv Bcm-[n-p-
-Xn sXs-mWv? t\mq:
\ImjvtT hnZytX tZthm \ ]mjmtW \
79. EtKzZw 7.35.13,
80. bPpthZw 40.8
81. KcpU ]pcm-Ww. t{]X-JWvUw 30/13.
\]m-jm-tW\ artb Fn-Sv \ inebmw
IZm-N\ Fp-]m-Tw.
237
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
artb `mthln hnZytX tZh kvXkvamZv
`mthm-ln-Im-c-W-av 81
Cuiz- c ac- ntem Intem ap-
sImpm-nb hkvXp-hntem A. k-ev]-
n-em-Wp--Xv. FhnsS k-ev]n-p-pthm
AhnsS Cuiz-c-km-n-y-ap-v.
Dcw: Cuiz-c k{X hym]n--n-cn-p-
-Xn-\m GsX-nepw Hcp hkvXp-hn k-
ev]n-p-Ibpw A\y{X k-ev]n-m-Xn-cn-p-I-
bm-sW-n, N{I-hnsb k{am-Pym-[n-Im-c-
n \np-amn Hcp sN-p-Sn-ens A[n-]-
\m- p- - X n\p Xpey- a m- b n- c n- pw. CsX{X
henb A]-am-\-amWv! Cs\ \n Cuiz-
cs\ A]-am-\ n-p-p. hym]-I-\ m-sW- n
]qtm- - n \nv ]pjv ] hpw Cebpw
Cdpv An-p--sX-n\v? N\w Nmp-
-sX-n\v? [q]w Dgn-bp-s - Xn\v? sNbpw
tN-ebpw ]dbpw tImep-sImv Xn-sm-fn-
p--sX-n\v? \n-fpsS ssII-fn-ep-ap--
tm ssIIq-p-s - X-n\v? Xe-bn-ep-t- m
Ipn-Sp--sX-n\v? A-P-em-Zn-I-fn-ep-tm?
]ns-n-\h \nth-Zn-pp? Pe-n-ep-f-f-
tm A`n-tj-I-sa-n\v? Ch-bn-semw ]c-am-
flmhv hym]- I - \ m- W - t m. \n hym]- I -
s\tbm hym]y-t\tbm ]qPn-p-Xv? hym]-I-
s\-bm-sW-n, R Cuiz-cs\ ]qPn-p-
sv Fn\p Iw ]d-bpp? R inem-
]q- P - I - c m- s W- s - p- s Imp kXyw ]d- b p-
n?
k-ev]-sa-m?
C\n ]dbq kev]w kXytam Itam?
kXy-am-sWp ]d-m \n-fpsS k-ev]-
ns]v Cuiz- c _- \ m- b n- t m- I pw.
IqSmsX \n an kzW-c-P-Xm-Zn-Ifpw
ine-bn sshcw, ac-X -Iw, apX-e m- b- h bpw
IS\p-c-bn appw, Pe-n ]mev, ssXcv,
s\v apX-em-b-hbpw s]mSn-a-n ssaZm,
]-kmc apX-em-b-hbpw k-ev]nv Ahsb
A{]-Imcw Bm--sX-mWv? \n-sfm-cn-
epw ZpxJw k-ev]n-m-dn-. ]ns--s\-
bm-W-Xp-m-Ip-Xv? kpJw kZm k-ev]n-m-
dp-v. Fnepw Fp-sIm-Xp Inp-n.
A-m t\{Xs k-ev]nv ImgvN-in
t\Sm- - s Xv ? acWw k- e v ] n- m- d n- .
]ns- - \ Xv kw`- h n- pp? AXp- s Imv
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
kev]w kXy-a-. Hcp hkvXp F{]-Im-c-
amtWm A{]-Imcw Xs hnNm-cn-p--Xns
t]cmWv k-ev]w. An-bn An-tbbpw
Pe-n Pe-tbpw Adn-bp--XmWv k-
ev]w. Pe-n Anbpw An-bn Pehpw
Adnbp-Xv k-ev]h - n-cp-a - m-Wv. F-s\tbm
As\ Adn-bp--XmWv m\w. A\yYm
Adn- b p- Xv Am- \ - a m- W v . AXn- \ m
\n k-ev]-hn-cp-s k-ev]-sapw
k-ev]s k-ev]h - n-cp-s - apw ]d-bp-Ib
- m-
Wv.
tNmZyw: thZ-a{- -s - f-smv Bhm-ln-
p--Xp-hsc tZhX hcp-n-. Bhm-ln-p-
tm DS-\Sn hcp-p. DmS\w sNp-tm
t]mhp-Ibpw sNpp.
Dcw: a{w sNmn Bhm-ln-p-tm
tZhX hcp-sa-n hn{Klw Fp-sImv tNX-
\-am-Ip-n? Dm-S\w sNp-tm hn{Klw
\S-p-t]m-Im--sXv? B tZhX Fhn-Sp-
mWv hcnI? Ftmp t]mIpw? tIq
A-mtc! ]qW-\mb ]c-am-flmhv hcn-I-bp-
an t]mIp-I-bp-an-. \n a{-i-n-sImv
Cuiz-cs\ hnfnp hcp-p-p-s-n, AtX-
a{w sImv \n-fpsS acn-p-t]mb ]p{Xs
Bflm- h ns\ hnfnp hcpn ico- c - n
Bm--sXv? i{Xp-hns ico-c-n \nv
Bflm-hns\ Dm-S\w sNbvXv sImm--sX-
mWv ? ipm- fl m- - f mb ktlm- Z - c - mtc!
tImepw! Cu t]m-tlw \nsf I_-fn-nv
XImcyw t\Sp-I-bm-Wv. thZ--fn-sepw
inemZn hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Cu-iz-cs Bhm-l-\w,
Dm-S\w Fn-h-sb-n Hc-cw Dcn-bm-Sn-bn-
n-.
tNmZyw: {]mWm Clm-K-p kpJw Nncw
XnjvTp kzmlm Btfllm KXp kpJw
Nncw Xnjv T Xp kzmlm C{n- b m- W nlm
Kp kpJw Nncw Xnjpp kzmlx Ch-
I thZ-a-{--fm-Wv. ]ns Csp ]d-
bp--sX-mWv?
Dcw: F-t\ Aev]w _pn-sb-nepw
kz-am-bp-]-tbm-Kn-q. CXmw hma-amKn-I
sIn--a thZ-hn-cp--amb X{-{K---fn
t]m-m-sc-gp-Xn-h hcn-I-fm-Wv. thZ-hm-Iy-a-
.
82 D-Xp-sImv Csp ]d-bp--sXv Xmev]cyw
238
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
X{ anYy
tNmZyw: X{- I-amtWm?
Dcw: AsX. Xopw I-am-Wv. inem-
Zn-hn-{K-l- sf kw_-n Bhm-l\ - w, {]mW-
{]- X njv T apX- e m- b - h - s b- n Hscm a{w
t]mepw thZ- - f n C. AXp- t ]mse
kv\m\w ka]-bman CXymZn hN-\--fp-an-.
AXm-bXv ]mjm-WmZn aqnw cN-bnXzm an-
tcjp kwm]y Km-Zn-`n-cN-tbXv inem-
hn-{Klw ]WnXv A-e-n {]Xn-jvTnv
N\w AXw apX-em-b-h-bm ]q-Pn--Ww.
C-s\-sbmpw Hpw C-X-s.
Cuizc ]qPbvp ]Icw asm-n
tNmZyw: thZ--fn hn[n-bn-. Fn
JWvU-\hpw C-tm. JWvU\w Dsn
{]m]vXu kXymw \ntj[x 82 F \ymb-
{]-Imcw hn{Klw D-Xp-sImp am{X-am-Wv.
Dcw: hn[n-bn-. Fm Cuiz-cs
m\w asm-n\p \evIn ]qPn--cp-sX-p
hn[nbpw hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Xopw ]mSn-s
\ntj-[hpw Dv. A]qh-hn-[n 83 Dm-Im
]mSn-s-ptm? tIq!
1. A-ax {]hn-in tbfkw`q-Xn-ap-]m-
ktX, XtXm `qbfCh tX XtambfD
kw`qXymMv cXmx(-b-Pp. 40/9)
2. \ X-ky-{]-Xnam AkvXn (b-Pp. 32/3)
1. bZzm-Nm-\-`yp-ZnXw tb\ hmK-`yp-ZytX
XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZn-Za - p-]m-ktX.
2. b-\-km\ a\ptX tb\m-lpcva-t\m-a-
Xav, XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw bZnZ ap]m-
ktX
3. bp jm \ ]iyXn tb\ N qw
jn, ]iyXn, XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw
bZn-Z-ap-]m-ktX
4. tbt{m- t {XW \ir- t WmXn tb\
t{im{X-anZw {ipXav XtZh {_ Xzw hnn
t\Zw bZnZap]m-ktX
83. A{]m-]vX- ns\ \ntj-[n-p-Is - b-X
- mWv ChnsS
A]qh-hn-[n. CXn-t\-n Cu {]I-c-W-n
s IqS-X hymJym-\n-p-p-v.
tIt\m-]\- n-jZ- z-N\
-
- f
- psS hymJym-\- n-\p-tijw
t\mp-I.
84. tIt\m-]-\n-jXv 1. 48
kXym-{]-Im-iw
5. bXv{]mtW\ \ {]mWnXn tb\-{]mWx
{]Wo-btX XtZh {_ Xzw hnn t\Zw
bZnZ ap]m-ktX 84
1. Akw-`q-Xnsb AYhm A\m-Znbpw A\p-
Xv]- hpw Imc-Wc - q-]h
- p-amb {]Ir-Xnsb {_-
ns m\p ]qPn-p--h A-Im-c-
n AXm-bXv Am-\-nepw ZpxJ-km-K-
c-nepw apn-tm-Ip-p. kw`q-Xnsb AYhm
Imc-W-n \np-mb Imcy-cq-]--fmb
]rYn-hymZn `qX--tfbpw Iv, acw apX-emb
AwK--tfbpw a\p-jy-cp-tSbpw apw ico-c--
tfbpw {_-ns m\-p-]m-kn-p--h
B A-Im-c-t-m A[n-I-amb A-Im-
c-n--A-Xm-bXv alm-aq-V-m Nnc-Imew
ZpxJ-cq-]n-bmb \c-I-n--hoWv alm-t-i--
f-\p-`-hn-p-p.
2. PK-n-semw hym]n-n-cn-p \ncm-Im-
c-\mb B ]c-am-flm-hns {]Xn-a--]-cn-am-Ww,
kmZriyw AYhm hn{Klw C-.
1. hmWn-bpsS CZ-m 85 AXm-bXv CXv
Pe-amWv FSp-p-sIm-pI F-Xp-t]mse
hnj-b-a-m--tXtXm GXns [mc-W-mepw
k-bmepw hmWn-bpsS {]hr-n-I \S-p-
pthm AXns\ {_-sa--dn-bp-I. AXns\
D]m-kn-p-I. AXn\np `n-am-bXv GtXm
AXv D]m-k-\o-b-a-.
2. a\-kn ""C-hn[w'' Fv a\-\-n\p
hnjbambn hcp-n--tbm, F-m a\-ns\
Adn-bp--tXtXm AXn-s\-s \o {_-sa-
-dn-bp-Ibpw D]m-kn-p-Ibpw thWw. AXn
\np `n-amb Poh, Ax-I-cWw Fn-
hsb {_-n\p ]Icw D]m-kn--cp-Xv.
3. In-\m ImWm-\m-hm--tX-tXm, Fm-
Ipw GXn-\m ImWp-pthm AXns\ \o
{_-sa--dn-bp-I. AXns\ am{Xw D]m-kn-p-
I. AXn\n- p- ` n- - a mb i_v Z m- Z n- I sf
AXns m\v D]m-kn-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
5. {]mW--fm Nen-n-m-\m-hm--Xpw,
Fm {]mW Nen- p- Xv GXn- \ m- e p-
amtWm AXns\ \o {_-sa-d - n-bp-I. AXns\
D]m-kn-p-I. AXn \np `n-amb hmbp-hn-
85 CZm -= CXmWv CXm Fv Nqn-m-m-hp
D
239
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
s\bpw apw D]m-kn--cp-Xv.
Cs\ \ntj- [ - hf- s c- b p- v.
\ntj[w {]m]vX-n\pw A{]m-]vX-n\pw
Dv. {]m]vX-n-\v--B-sc-nepw Hcn-S-n-cn-p-
p. Abmsf Ahn-sS-\nv Fgp-t\-ev]n-pI
F-Xp-Zm-l-c-Ww. A{]m-]vX-n\v a-It\ \o
Hcn-epw tamjvSn--cp-Xv, InW-nho-g-cp-Xv,
ZpjvS-kw-kKw Acp-Xv, hnZym-lo-\-\m-bn-cn--
cp-Xv, Cs\ A{]m-]vX-n\pw \ntj[w Dv.
a\p-jy-cpsS m\-n A{]m-]vXa - m-bX - ns\
Cuiz- c s m\- n {]m- ] v X - a m- b - X p-
sImv \ntj-[n-p-p. AXn-\m inem-Zn-hn-
{K-l]qP AXyw \njn--am-Ip-p.
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ ]m]w
tNmZyw: hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn ]pWy-an-s-
n-epw, ]m]hpw Ctm?
Dcw:Iw cp-X-c-n-te-bp-q Hv
hnln-Xw sNt-Xv Fp thZ-n {]Xn-
]m-Zn-n-p kXy-`m-j-Wm-Zn-I-. cv
\njnw--sN--cp-sXv thZ-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-
n-p anYym-`m-jWw apX-em-b-h. hnln-X-a-\p-
jv T n- p- Xv [ahpw A\p- j v T n- m- Xv
A[ahpw Bbn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse \njn--
I-sN-p-Xv A[-ahpw sNm-Xv \mkvXn-I-\m-Wv.
[a-hp-am-Wv. thZ--fn \njn--amb hn{K-lm-
cm-[-\bpw apw \n sNp--]w ]m]n-
bm-Im-Xn-cn-p--sXs\?
tNmZyw : t\mq! thZ- A\m-Zn-bm-
Wv. Am-ev hn{K-l--sf-n\v? Av
tZh-X-I {]Xy--cm-bn-cp-p. ]noSv X{-
]p-cm-Wm-Zn-I {]N-cn-n--XmWv Cu coXn.
a\p-jycpsS Adnhpw Ignhpw Ipd-p-t]m-
b-tm Cuiz-cs\ [ym\-n sImp-h-
cm Ignhn-m-sX-bm-bn. hn{K-ls [ym\n-
m-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m Am-\n-
IpXmWv hn{K-lm-cm-[-\. ]Sn-]-Sn-I-
fmbn Ib- d n- b m ap- m- h n- s e- mw.
BZys ]Sn- h nv Ib- d m kmy- a - .
hn{Klw {]Y-a-]-Sn-bm-Wv. CXns\ ]qPnv
]qPnv m\-ap-mbn AxIcWw ]hn-
{X-am-Ip-tm ]c-am-flm-hns\ [ym\n-m-\m-
hpw. Dw ]Tn-p--h BZyw qe ey-
n sImnv ]Tnv ]noSv kqv a
ey-nepw Atm shSn-tbm, ]oc-n-bp-
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
tbm sImn- m Ign- h p- m- p- -
Xpt]mse qe-amb hn{K-l-ns\ ]qPnv
]noSv kqv a - { _s {]m]n- mw.
s]Ip- n- I ssii- h - n ]mh- I sf
Ipp-fmbn k-ev]n-p-p. `m-hp-
mbn Ign-m ]nn-. C-s\-sbmw
Nnn-m hn{K-lm-cm-[\ No-Im-cy-a-.
Dcw: thZ-hn-ln-X-amb [aw thZ-hn-cp-
m- N - c - W - n A[aw Fn- h - b p- s -
n]ns \n-sfp ]d-mepw hn{K-lm-
cm-[\ A[a-am-bn-s \ne-\np-p.
thZ-hn-cp--amb {K- {]am-W-am-p--Xp-
sImv \mkvXn-I-\m-hp-Itb Dq. tImepw:
1. \mkvXntIm thZ-\n--Ix 86
2. bm thZ-_mlymx kvarXtbm bm
Im IZr-jvSbx kcvhm-kvXm-\n-jv^e - mx- t{]-
Xy-X-tam-\n-jvTm-ln-Xmx- kvarXmx
3. DXv]Z- yt Nyht N bm\ytXm \ym\n
Im\n-NnXv, Xm\ycvhm-m-en-IX - bm \njv^e - m-
\y-\r-Xm-\n-N. 87
1. thZ-\n-, AXm-bXv thZ-ns A]-am\w
XymKw hncp-m-N-cWw Fnh sNp--bm
2. thZ-_m-lyhpw Ipn-Xc - mb Bfp-If
- p-m-
n-b-Xp-amb {K- kwkm-cs ZpxJ-km-
K-c-n Bgvp--h-bm-Wv. Ah \njv^-
ehpw Ak-Xyhpw A-Im-c-cq-]hpw Cl-]-c-
tem-I--fn ZpxJ-Zm-b-I-hp-am-Wv.
3. thZ- p hncp- - a mbn Dm- I p
{K- B[p-\n-I - f- m-Ib
- m io{Lw \mi-
a-S-bp-p. Ahsb {]am-W-ambn KWn-p-Xv
\njv^-ehpw I--c-hp-am-Wv.
thZ- h n- c p- - a m- b - X ns\ ]pdw Xp- I bpw
thZm-\p-Iq-e-am-b BN-c-W- ssIsm-p-
Ibpw sNp--XmWv [a-sav {_m apX
ssPan-\n 88 hsc-bp aljn-am AwKo-I-
cn- n- c p- p. Fs- m thZw kXym-
ns {]Xn-]m-Z-I-am-Wv. CXn\p hncp--ambn
86. a\p-kvarXn 2.11
87 Sn. 12.95-96
88 hntcm-t[-Xz-\-t]yw kymZ-kXn ly\p-am-\-av.
(ao-amw-km-Zi\w 1.3.3). thZ-hn-cp--sa-n
{]am-Wa. hncp--asn {]mam-Wys
A\p-am-\n-m-hp--XmWv F-Yw.
240
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
F{Xsbnepw X{tam ]pcm-Wtam Dm-
bmepw thZ-hn-cp--am-I-bm I-am-Wv. Ah-
bpsS t]mv thZ-hn-]-co-X-am-bn-m-Wv. Ah-bn
]d-bp hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw A[aam-Wv.
a\p-jy-cpsS m\w PU-]q-P-bm hn-
p-I-bn-sp am{X-a-, Aev]-kzev] m\-
ap-Xv \jvSs - -Sp-Ib
- pta Dffq. m\n-If - psS
tkhm kwkK-sIm--msX hn{K-lm-cm-
[-\-sImv Cuiz-cs\ [ym\-n hcp-m
Ftm-sg-nepw Ign-bptam? Ct-bn-. hn{K-lm-
cm-[\ Hcn-epw tkm]m-\-a-. AKm-[-K-
am-Wv. IqSmsX B K-n \nv Hcp
Imepw c-s-Sm-\m-hn-. AXn InSp
Nmhp-Itb Dq. sNdnb [manI hnZzm-m
apX alm hnZzm-m-cmb tbmKn-I hsc-bp-
-h-cpsS kwkKw-sImv {]m]n-p kZzn-
Zy, kXy-`m-jWw apX-em-bh Cuiz-c-{]m-]vXn-
p tkm]m- \ - - f m- W p- X - s . hoSns
apI\n-e-bn-te-p-t]m-Im-\p GWn--Sn-t]m-
se, hn{K-l-]q-P-sN-bvX-h-cmcpw m\n-I-fm-bn-
n-sp am{X-a-, Am-\n-I-fmb hn{K-lm-
cm-[-I a\p-jy-Pw hyY-amn arXn-b-S-n-
t-bp-q. Ctm sNp--hcpw C\n sNm X-ambn PohnXw shdpsX ]mgm-n--f-bp-p.
t]mIp--hcpw a\p-jy-P--nse [amY-Im-
a-tam---fpsS {]m]vXn-bm-Ip ^e--tfmSv
hnap-J-cmbn shdpsX \jvS-s-p-t]m-hp-Itb
Dq. {_-{ ]m-] vX n-b vp qe- e yw
hn{Klmcm-[-\-b-, [man-I-cmb hnZzm-mcpw
krjvSn-hn-Zy-bp-amWv. CXp {ItaW hnI-kn-n-
p-sIm-p-hv {_-{]m]vXn Dm-m-hp--
Xm-Wv. IqSmsX hn{Klw ]mh-sIm-p Ifn-
t]m-se-bp-a-. A-cm-`ym-kw, \ inWw
Fn-h-bmWv {_-{]m-]vXn-p km[-\-I.
\ in-Whpw hnZym-`ym-khpw e`n-p-tm
bYmY DS-b-h-\mb ]c-am-flm-hn-s\bpw {]m]n-
p--Xm-Wv.
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS 16 tZmj-
tNmZyw: kmIm-c-am-b-Xn a\kv nc-
am-Ipw. \ncm-Im-c-n nc-am-Im {]bm-
k-am-Wv. AXn-\m hn{K-lm-cm-[\ th-Xp-
X-s.
Dcw: kmIm-c-n Hcn-epw a\kv
nc-am-hp-I-bn-. AXns\ a\kv s]sp
{Klnv Hmtcmtcm Ah-b-h-nepw amdn-amdn
k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. \ncm-Im-c-\mb ]c-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
am-flm-hns\ {Kln-p-tm in-bp--{Xbpw
a\kv HmSn-bmepw AXn\v Ah-km-\-an-. \nc-
h-b-h-am-I-bm a\kv N-e-am-I-bp-an-. adnv
AXns KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--sf-n Nnn-p-
Nn-nv B\-a -
- a
- m-bn, nc-ambn `hn-p-p.
IqSmsX kmIm-c-n nc-am-Ip-sa-n PK-
n-ep-X - n-s-sbmw a\kv nc-am-tI-X - m-
bn-cp-p. Fs-m PK-n a\p-jy-scmw
kv{Xo-]p-{X-an-{X--[-\mZn kmIm-c--fn s]p-
g-ep-p. \ncm-Im-c-n hcp--Xp-hsc Bcp-
sSbpw a\kv nc-am-Ip-n-. \nc-h-b-h-am-b-
Xn am{Xta a\kv nc-am-Ip-I-bp-q. AXn-
\m hn{K-lm-cm-[\ sNp-Xv A[a-am-Ip-
p.
cm-a-Xv At\-I-tIm-Sn-cq] t{X--fn
hybw sNbvXv Zcn-{Z-cm-hp-p. AXn {]am-Z-ap-
v.
aqm-aXv t{X-f - n kv{Xo ]pcp-j - m
tafn-p-Xp \nanw hy`n-Nm-c-hpw, el-f-bpw,
_l-fhpw tcmKm-Zn-Ifpw Dm-Ip-p.
\mem-a-Xv CXp-Xs [amY-Im-a-ap-n-
bvp km[-\-sbp \n\v ]pcp-jmY-c-ln-
Am-a-Xv \m\m-{]-Im-c-n-ep kzcq-]-
ssh-cpyw \ma-ssh-hn-[yw, kz`m-h- Fn-
h- t bm- S p- I q- S nb aqn- I - f psS ]qPm- c n- I
sFIy- a - X y- c - l n- X - a mbn hncp- - a - X - - f n
{]hnv ]c-kv]cw a-cnv tZis \in-
n-p-p.
Bdm-a-Xv i{Xp-hns ]cm-P-bhpw kz-hn-
P-bhpw hn{K-l-sf G]nv anm-Xn-cn-p-
p. HSp-hn tXmv cmPy-ns kzmX-{yhpw
[\-ku-Jy-fpw i{Xp-hns A[o-\-X-bn-em-
p-p. Ahcpw ]cm-[o-\-cmbn k{X-m-cs
tImhI-gp-X-I-sf-tm-sebpw Ipi-hs Igp-X-
tb-tm-sebpw i{Xp-hn\p hgn-sv At\-I-hn[
Zpcn-X- A\p-`-hn-p-p.
Ggm-a-Xv \n-fpsS m\v \np-
]-Icw Hcp {]Xna aXn. AXp {]Xn-jvTn-pp
Fv Hcp-h-\m-tcm-sS-nepw ]d-bp ]w
Abm {Ip-\mbn {]l-cn-p-Ibpw iIm-cn-p-
Ibpw sNpw. AXp-t]mse Cuiz-cs D]m-
k-\bvp ]Icw lrZ-b-nepw \ma-nepw
inem-hn-{K-l-sf {]Xn-jvTn-p ZpjvS-_p-
n-Isf Cuiz-c Ipfw tXmn-f - b- p-Ib - nt?
241
 kXym-{]-Im-iw Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
Fm-a-Xv \mSp-tXm-dp-ap t{X--fn tbm-Sp-tNv Hgp-In-b-Snv a\-jy-a-e-tmfw
{`mp-]n-Snv HmSn-\-Sv ZpxJ-a-\p-`-hn-p-p. ZpKw BIm-i - n hym]n-n-p-p. Bbn-
[man-Ihpw sFln-I-hpw, ]mc-amYn-I-hp-amb c--W-n\p Pohn-I AXn hoW-Snv
{]hr-n-I If-p-Ip-fn-p-p. tNmc-]o-Un- Afn-bp-p.
X-cmbn h-I-cpsS h\-bn s]p-g-ep-p. Cs\ hn{K-lm-cm-[\ sNp--Xp-sImv
H-Xm-a-Xv ZpjvS-cmb ]qPm-cn-Iv [\w \nc-h[n tZmj- hp-Iq-Sp-p. AXn-\m
\Ip-p. B [\w thiym-K-a-\w, aZy-amw-km- inem-Zn-hn-{K-l--fpsS Bcm-[\ k-\-
lm-cw, elf _l-f- Fn-hbvv Ah XyPn-t-X - m-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ sNbvXh - c- pw,
sNe-h-gn-p-p. CXv ZmXm-hns kpJ-Im-cWw sNp--hcpw sNm t]mIp--hcpw ap]-
\jvS-s-Sp--Xn-\n-S-bm-p-p. d tZmj--fn \nv c-s]-n-n-. c-
]m-a-Xv A, A apX-emb ]qP-\o- s]-Sp-n-, c-s]-Sp-I-bp-an-.
bsc A]-am-\n-bpw inemZn hn{K-l-sf
]qPn-p-Ibpw sNbvXv P\- IrX-Lv\-cm-bn- bYmY ]m-b-X-\-]qP
tm-Ip-p.
tNmZyw:- GsX-nepw Xc-n-ep hn{K-
]Xn-s\m-m-aX - v Bcm\pw hn{K-l - ASn- lm-cm-[\ sNbvItbm sNn-tbm ]mSn-
p-S-bvp-tm-tgm, lmlm-Imcw apgn \ne-hn- tm? Fm Cu Bcym- h - n
fn-t--Xmbn hcp-p. ]-tZ-h-]qP F {]tbmKw {]mNo-\-Imew
]{-m-aX - v ]qPm-cn-I ]c-kv{Xo-kw-Khpw apX ]c- - c bm tIp- h - c p- p. inh,
]qPm-cn-Wn-I ]c-]p-cp-j-kwKhpw sNbvXv hnjvWp, Aw_n-I, KW-]-Xn, kqcy Fn-
{]mtbW Zpjn--hc-- mbn kv{Xo ]pcpj t{]a- h-cpsS hn{K-l-ap-mn ]qPn-p-I-sb
ns B\w kzbw \jvS-s-Sp-p-p. ]m-b-X-\-]qP At CXv?
]Xn-aq-m-a-Xv bP-am-\--`r-Xy-m Xn Dcw:- Hcp Xc-n-ep-ap hn{K-lm-cm-[\
Bm-\nh-lWw th-hn[w \S-m-bvI- sNbvXp-Iq-Sm. Fm hn{K-l-Xpeyw aqn-
bm ]c-kv]cw hntcm-[nv A[x-]-Xnp \in- am-m-cm-b, C\n ]d-bp--hcpsS ]qP AYhm
pp. kXvImcw sN-Ww. ]-tZ-h]qP As-n
]Xn-\m-em-a-Xv PU-h-kvXp-hns\ [ym\n-p- ]m-b-X-\-]qP hfsc \ AY-ap-ff ]Z-am-
h PU-_p-n-bm-bn-o-cp-p. Fs-m Wv . Fm hnZym- l o- \ - c mb aqV- m
t[yb-nse PU-Xz-[aw \n-ba - mbpw Ax- AXns \ AYs XyPnv \nIr-jvS-amb
I-c-W-neqsS Bflm-hn hp tNcp-p. AYs kzoI-cn-p. Cm-ev inhm-Zn-]-
]Xn\-m-aXv kpK--]q-cn-X-amb ]pjv]- -tZ-h-m-cpsS hn{K-l-]q-P-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-
fpw ap ]Zm-fpw Cuiz-c krjvSn- p AXns JWvU\w Ctm sNbvXtX
n-p--Xv. hmbp, Pew, apX-em-b-hbnse ZpK- Dq. Fm thtZm-hpw thZm-\p-Iq-tem-
s \nhm-cWw sNp--Xn\pw Btcm-Ky- -hp-amb bYmY ]m-b-X\ tZh-]q-Pbpw
h-\-hn\pw thn-bm-Wv. B ]pjv]--fpsS hn{K-l-]q-Pbpw Fm-sWp tIpI:-
kuc`yw F{X-\m BIm-i-n hym]nv 1. amt\m h[ox ]nXcw tamX amX-cav (b-
hmbp, Pew apX-em-b-hsb ipo-I-cn-p-am-bn-
cp- s pw ]qW- k p- K w ]c- p- a m- b n- c p- 89. bp 16-15
spw Adn-hn-m-sX, ]qPm-cn-I Ah Cdp- 90 CXn cp a{-`m-K- AS-p-p.
p-]-dnv CS-bvp-Xs \jvS-s-Sp-p-p. BNmcy D]-\-b-amt\m FXv AYhm 11. 5.3
{_-Nm-cnW antX FXv 11.5.17. t]Pv 411 epw
]qjv]m-Zn-I sNfn-bn tN-fnv ZpK- Cu D-c-W-ap-v.
-Im-c-W-am-bn-o-cp-p. ]pjv]m-Zn-kp-K--bp- 91. AXn-YncvKr-lm-\m-Kt- Xv (15.13.11)
-h-kvXp-sf Cuiz-c krjvSn-Xv In 92. EtKzZw 8.69. 8.
Nmm-\mtWm? 93. ssXn-co-tbm-]-\n-j-Xvhn 1. A\p-hmIw 1.
94 iX-]Yw {]]m-T-I-{I-a-n 14 5.7.10.
]Xn-\m-dm-aXv In Nmnb ]pjv]hpw A[ym-b-{I-a-n 14.6.9.10.
N-\hpw A-Xhpw apw Pew, av Fn-h-
242
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Ppx) 89
2. BNmcy D]-\-b-amt\m {_-Nm-cn-W-an-
tX 90
3. AXn-Yncv Krlm-\p] Kt-Xv 91 (A-Yhw)
4. AcvNX {]mNX {]nb-ta-[mtkm AcvN-
X 92 (E-tKz-Zw)
5. Xztah {]Xyw {_mkn Xzmtah
{]Xyw {_-hZ- n-jym-an. (ssX-n-cob D]-
\n-j-v) 93
6. IXa GtIm- t Zh CXn k {_
XzZnXymN-tX 94
7. amXr- t Zm- t hm- ` h ]nXr- t Zmthm `h
BNmcy tZthm `h AXn-YntZthm `hx
(ssX-n-cotbm]\n)jXv 95
8. ]nXr-`ncv{`m-Xr-`n-ssXmx ]Xn-`ncvtZ-h-
ssc-kvXYm ]qPym `qj-bn-X-hym _lp-I-
eym-W-an-]vkp`nx 96
9. ]qtPym ln tZh-hXv ]Xnx (a-\p-kvar-
Xn) 97
1. aqn-a-Xnbpw ]qP-\o-b-bp-amb tZhX
A-bm-Wv. km-\- ico-c, a\, [\--
fm tkh\w sNbvXv Asb kp-jvS-bm-
-Ww. lnwk AYhm ]oU\w Hcn-epw
sN-cp-Xv.
2. kXvIm-c-tbm-Ky-\mb cm-as tZh
A-\mWv. A-t\bpw A-tb-tmse ip{iq-
jn--Ww.
3. aqm-aXv hnZy \Ip BNm-cy-\m-Wv.
At-l-tbpw ico-c--a-\--[-\--fm tkhn-
-Ww.
4. \mem- a s tZh AXn- Y n- b mWv
hnZzm\pw [man-I\pw \njvI-]-S-\pw, Fm-h-
cp-tSbpw DXn B{K-ln-p--bmfpw Fm-bn-
Spw k-cnv ktXym-]-tZiw sNbvXv Bfp-
Iv kuJyw \evIp--bm-fp-amb AXn-Ynsb
kXvIm-c-]qhw tkhn--Ww.
5. kv{Xobvv kz`mhpw ]pcp-j\p kz`m-
95. ssXn-co-tbm-]-\n-jv hn1--A-\p-11.
96 a\p-kvarXn 3/55
97. a\p-kvarXn 5/144 D]-Ncyx kv{Xnbm
km[vhym-k-XXw tZh-hXv ]Xnx Fpv
kXym-{]-Im-iw
cybpw ]qPy-cm-Wv. Cu Av aqn-am-m-cmb
tZh-If - p-sSbpw kwK-m a\p-jy-tZ-l - ns
DXv ] - n, ]me\w kXy- i n- - W w, hnZy,
ktXym-]-tZiw Fnh {]m]vX-am-Ip-p. Ch-
bmWv Cuiz-c-{]m-]vXn-p tkm]m-\-.
Chsc ip{iq-jn-msX inem-Zn-hn-{K-l-sf
]qPn-p--h henb thZ-hn-tcm-[n-I-fm-Wv.
tNmZyw:- amXm-]n-Xm--m-scbpw apw
tkhn-p--Xn-t\m-sSmw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw
sNp--Xp-sImv tZmj-sampw C-tm.
Dcw:- inem- Z n- h n- { K- l - - f psS ]qP
khYm XyPn-bpw A-tb-tm-ep aq-
cq-]-sf ip{iq-jn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn-emWv
Fm-hn[ awK-fhpw Df-f-Xv. kmm amXmhv
apX- e mb {]Xy kpJ- Z m- b I tZh- I sf
shSnv tZh-I-f-m inem-Zn-hn-{K-l--fpsS
apn Xe-X-p-Xv henb A\Y Imc-W-
am-Wv.
amXm-]n-Xm--m-cpsS apn ss\th-Zytam
D]-lm-c-tfm kan-m Ah-cXv kzoI-cn-
p-Ibpw `n-p-Ibpw sNpw. Atm X-
fpsS hb-nn-gp appw AXn-\m inem-hn-{K-
l- Dmn AXn-\p-ap-n ss\thZyw
Fgp-s-n-v, aWn-b-Sn-v, Cnw sImnbpw
]qvZw hnfnpw iwJv DuXnbpw tImem-l-e-
ap-mn ssI{In-b-Im-nbpw \o X-hn-c
{Kln-, t`mP-\-]-ZmY--fm-Is Rm\pw
{Klnmw. (Xz-a-MvKpjvTw Krlm-W, t`mP\w
]ZmYw hm lw {Klobm-an) Fn-s\ Hcp-
h asm-cp-hs\ hntm Im]-Sy-ntem
Ahs apn \nv Fmw FSp-p-sIm-p-
t]m-bn. A\p-`-hn-p--Xp-t]mse A]-l-c-W-
amWv Cu ]qPm- c n- I AYhm ]qP F
kXvIa-ns i{Xp- 98 sNp--Xv. Cu
aqV-m BUw-_-c-]qw inem-hn-{K-l-sf
hfsc `wKn-bmbn tamSn-]n-Sn-n-v, kzbw sIm-
m-sc-tmse thjw amdn ]mh-s _pn-
lo-\-cmb A\m-Y-cpsS sNe-hn [q-Snv
kpJn-p-p. [man-I-\mb GsX-nepw cmPm-
hp-m-bn-cp-s-n Cu inem-{]n-b-msc Ip-
S-bvm-t\m, sImm-t\m, hoSp sImt\m hnv
Dm\pw DSp-m\pw sImSpv Ime-t]w
Ign-n-t-s\.
98. ]qPm + Acn = ]qPm-cn. Acn = i{Xp
243
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
tNmZyw:- kv{XoI-fp-tSbpw apw {]Xna
ImWp- t m Imtam- X v ] - n- b p- mhpw
t]mse hoX- c m- K \pw im- N n- - \ p- a mb
{]Xna ImWpt-tm hnc-nbpw imnbpw
Dm-hp-I-bnt?
Dcw:- Dm-hm Xc-an-. B hn{K-l-
ns PUXz [aw Bflm-hn hcn-I-bm
hnth-N\m in Ipd-bpw, hnth-I-an-msX hnc-
n- t bm, hnc- n- b n- msX hnm- \ - t am,
hnm-\-an-msX imntbm Dm-hp-I-bn-.
Ipd- p- h - Xpw Dm- I p- p- s h- n AXv
kwkKw, D]-tZ-i-{i-h-Ww, CXn-lm-km-Zn-I-
fpsS ]T\w Fn-h-bn \nv Dm-Ip--Xm-
Wv . KpW- t Zm- j - - t f- h - s b- - d n- b m- - h s
{]Xna ImWp--Xp-sImv {]oXn-bp-m-hp-I-bn-
, {]oXn-bpsS ImcWw KpW-tZm-j-m-\-am-
Wv.
C{]- I m- c - a p hn{K- l m- c m- [ \ apX- e mb
No-Im-c-W--fm am{X-amWv Bcy-h-
n sIm-cp-Xm ]qPm-cn-I `np-,
apX-emb Ae-kcpw ]pcp-jm cln-X-cp-amb
tImSn--W-n\p a\p-jy-cp-m-b-Xv. temI-
sapw Ch aqVX ]c-n, Ifhpw NXnhpw
hfsc hym]n-p.
tNmZyw:- Imin-bn hv Adw-K-ko_v
N{I-hnsb emS-ss`-ch -
- m henb Ap-
X- ImWn--Xm-Wv. apkam-m Ahsc
XIp-hm sN-tm, Ah-cpsS t\v
]oc-n-bp hjn-p. Atm henb hp-
I ]dp hv ssk\ys Ipn-p-c-
n.
Dcw:- CXv Ins Ap-X-{]-I-S-\-a-.
AhnsS hnIqSv Dm-bn-cp-n-cn-mw. Ah
kz`m-th\ {Iqc-cm-Wv. Ahsb Bsc-nepw Cf-
n-hn-m Ipm hcpw. oc-[m-c-bpsS
ApXw ]qPm-cn-bpsS Xam-i-bm-Wv.
tNmZyw:- t\mq! tv Zi\w \evIm-
Xn-cn-p-hm thn alm-tZ-h Hcp InW-
nepw thWo- a m- [ Hcp {_mW Krl-
nepw sNv Hfn-n-cp-p. CXpw Ap-X-
at?
Dcw:- sImmw. Ime-ss`-ch - \pw emS-ss`-
c-h\pw ap `qX-t{]-X-fpw Kcp-U-K-Whpw
Imhm- c m- b n- c ns apkam- msc
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
FXnv HmSn- m- - s Xv ? alm- t Z- h
hnjvWp Fn-h-cpsS ]pcm-W--fn {Xn]p-cm-
kp-c-t\-tm-ep `bc ZpjvS-msc `kva-am-
n- - f - s p IY- b p- - t m apkam-
msc Fp-sImv `kva-am-n-bn? ]mhw
In\v bpw sNmt\m sNn-mt\m Ign-
bp-I-bn-sv CXn\np knn-p-p. apo-
t{X-fpw hn{K-l-fpw XIp-Sv
]mp-I-bdn Iminbvp kao]w h-tm
]qPm- c n- I Ienw- K - s a- S pv InW- n- e nv
thWo-am-[-hs\ {_m-W-Kr-l-n Hfn-n--
Xm-Wv. Ime-ss`-c-hs\ `b-sv ba-Zq-X Imin-
bn Ib-dp-I-bn-spw {]f-b-n t]mepw
Iminsb \in-n-m-\-\p-h-Zn--bn-spw ]d-
bp-Xv t\cm-sW-n t-`-S-msc `b-s-Sp-
m--sX-mWv? X-fpsS bP-am-\-m-cpsS
t{X- sf kwc- n- m- X n- c p- - s Xv ?
CsXmw t]mp-am-b-I-fm-Wv.
Kbm-{imw
tNmZyw:- Kb-bn {imw sNbvXm ]nXr-
]m]-ap--cm-bn, Ahn-Sps {im-
ns ]pWy- { ]- ` m- h - m kzK- n
t]mIp-sa--Xpw, ]n-Xr- ssI\on _en-
]nWvUw kzoI-cn-p-sa-Xpw icn-bm-Wv.
CXpw I-amtWm?
Dcw:- Xopw Iw. AhnsS ]nWvUw
hbvp--Xn C{Xbpw al-Xz-ap-s-n,
]WvU 99-Iv ]nXr-ku-Jy-n\p thn
\Ip e--W-n\p cq] Ah Kb-bn
thiym-K-a-\-n\pw apw Nne-h-gn-p--Xn
hcp- ]m]w Fp-sImv Xocpn? Ctm
Ahn-sS-bmcpw ssI\o-m-dn-. ]WvU-I-f-m-sX.
GtXm kq{X-imen `qan Ipgnv Kpl-bp-mn
AXn Hcp-hs\ Ccp-n-bn-cn-mw. Ipgn-bn
Z`-hn-cnv ]nWvUw hXv Abm ssI\on
FSp-n-cn-mw. Am-\n-bmb [\-hms\
C-s\-sIm--b-Sn-s-n AXn-e-p-X-an-.
AXp- t ]mse sshP- \ m- Y s\ cmh- W
sImph-s IYbpw I-am-Wv.
tNmZyw:- t\mq! Iev-bn Imfn,
Iamn apX-emb tZhn-Isf e--W-n-
99. ]WvU ]qPm-cn. ]WvUnv F-Xns
Npcp--am-Wn-Xv. {_m-Ws\ hnfn-p
t]cmWv ]WvUn-v.
244
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
\m-fp-I ]qPn-p-p. CXv henb aln-a-
bt?
Dcw:- Hp-an-. Cu A--m Bn]-
- t - t mse Hn- \ p- ] nt Hs- - h w
t]mIp--tX-bp-q. InW-n hoWmepw hI-
h-bvp-I-bn-. AXp-t]mse Hcp Am-\n-
bpsS ]nt t]mIp ap--hcpw hn{K-lm-cm-
[-\-bm-Ip K-ns]v hf-sc-mew
ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-p-p.
tNmZyw:- t]mI- s . AsX- p- a m- I - s .
Fm PK-m-Yv {]Xy-amb aln-a-I
]e-Xp-ap--tm. Hcp {]Xn-jvT-amn {]Xn-jvTn-
p-tm, N-\-Sn IS-hn kap-{Z-n
\nv X\ntb h-Sn-bpw. ASp-v Hn-\p-ap-
I-fn Hmbn Ggp Am-hp-I hm
Ghpw apI-fn \nv Xmtg-mWv ]mI-ambn
hcp--Xv., PK-m-Y-nse {]kmZw `n-m-
- h Ipjv T - t cm- K n- I - f m- b n- o- c p- p. cYw
X\ntb Dcp-fp-p. ]m]n-Iv Zi\w e`n-
p-n-. C{-Z-a-\-ns `c-W-Im-ev tZh-
I ]Wn-X-XmWv Cu t{Xw. ]p\x{]Xn-jvT-
m-ev Hcp cmPmhpw Hcp ]WvUbpw Hcp
X\z\pw acn-p-p. Cu al-Xz-s - fmw s]mfn-
bm-sWp ]d-bm \nm-hn-.
Dcw:- ]{p hjw PK-m-Y-nse
]qPm-cn-bm-bn-cp Hcm hnc--\mbn aYp-c-
bn hn-cp-p. 100 At-ls Iv Cm-
cy--sf-n tNmZn-p. Fmw I-am-sW--
tlw ]d-p. Nnn-m \nW-bn-m-hp-
-Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ]p\x-{]-Xn-jvT-\-S-p-tm
Bsc-nepw Hcp N-\-Sn h-n Ibn
kap-{Z-n sImn-Spw. Xnc-b-Snv AXv Ic-
bv-Snbpw. AsX-Spv Bim-cn-am hn{K-l-ap-
m-pw. AXp-t]mse XnS- - n-bn ampw
{]th-i-\-an-, hmXn AS-n-n-cn-pw. `qan-bn
\mep Nppw Bd-Sp-pIfpw a[y-n N{Im-Ir-
Xn-bn Hc-Sppw Dm-pw. Am-hp-I-fp-sS 101
ASn-bn s\pw apw Nmchpw Ipgp ]pcn
Bdp ASp-p-I-fn tNmdp-m-pw. Ah-bpsS
]pdw IgpIn \Sps Am-hn Atm Acn-
100. aljn AhnsS ]Tn-p Imes
kw`-h-am-bn-cn-Ww
101. Amhv henb Ncp-h-n\v a[y-tI-c-f-n
]d-bp t]cv. lWvUm Fv aqe-]-Zw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
bn-Spw. AXn\p apI-fn Bdv Am-hp-I
hbvpw. Bdv ASp-p-I-fpsSbpw apJw Ccp-p-
]m-fn-sImv aqSpw. Fnv sXmgm h [\m-
Vy\pw hn-p-s-n hnfnp ImWn-pw.
apI-fn-es Am-hp-If - n \nv tNmdpw ASn-
bn-es Am-hn \nv Acnbpw FSpp
ImWn-np ]dbpw:-""Am-hn\v Fs-nepw
ImWn-b - nSq'' "Ipcp-S\
- mb ]pXp-aS- n-o-e
- m-c'
DSs\ ImWn hbvpw. Nne {]Xn-amk hgn-
]mSpw Gm-Sm-pw.
iq{Z-hr-n-I-fmb Xmtg-n-S-m t{X-
n ss\thZyw sImp-h-cpw. ss\thZyw
Ign- Xpw AX- h Fn- e m- pw. ]noSv
Am-hnse tNmdv hne-bvs-Sp-p--h AXp
hon-se-n-pw. Zo\cpw Zcn-{Zcpw km[p--kw-
\ym-kn-amcpw Krl-cpw iq{Zcpw Ay-Pcpw
Fmw Hn-n-cpv ]n-t`m-P\w \Sn ]c-
kv]cw Blmcw \evIn--gn-p-p. Hcp ]n
Fgp-t-m ASp--Xn\v AtX Ce-I-fn
hnf-p-p. alm A\m-Nmcw Xs. hf-sc-t
Ahn-sS-s-m Fnep XnmsX kzbw
]mIw sNbvXv Dp-p. Bpw IpjvTw hcm-
dn-. PK-m-Y-]p-cn-bns {]kmZw Ign-
m At\-I-cp-v. Ahmpw IpjvT-
tcm-Ktam atm hcp-n-. Iq-SmsX PK-m-Y-]p-
cn-bn \nc-h[n IpjvT-tcm-Kn-Ifpv. \nXyhpw
Fnep Xnnpw Ah-cpsS tcmKw amdp-n-.
Cu PK-m-Y-n hma-amKn-I Hcp ss`c-
ho-N{Iw Dm-n-bn-p-v. kp`{Z {ioIr-jvW-
tbpw _e-cm-a-sbpw ktlm-Z-cn-bm-W-tm.
cp ktlm-Z-c-m-cp-sSbpw a[y-n `mcy-bp-
sSbpw AbptSbpw m\w \In Ccp-n-
bn-cn-p-p. 102 ss`c-ho-N-{I-a-n-em-bn-cp-s-
n Cs\ hcn-m-bn-cp-p. 103
c-Y-ns N{I-n Dtm-eIw LSn-n-
n-p-v. AXp he-tmp Xncn-m cYw Dcp-
102. {]mNo\ `mc-Xob coXn-b-\p-k-cnv b
I
- m-cy-n-sem-gnsI `mcysb hma-`m-Kpw Am
kv{XoIsf hepw Ccp-p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv.
Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw a[y-n kp`-{Zsb
Ccp-n-b-tm Hcm-fns CSpw at-bm-fns
hepw Bbn-tm-bn. As\ Hcm-fns `mcy,
at-bm-fns amXmhv Fo m\- hp
tNcp-p.
103. PK-m-Y-nse t`mKm-fl-I--fmb {]Xnam
inev]- CXp nc-s-Sp-p-p.
245
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
fpw. ctYm--h-a-[y-n-se-p-tm Xncnp
Id-pw. Atm cYw \npw. ]qPm-cn-I
hnfn-p-Iqhpw:- ""Zm\w sNq. ]pWyw sNq.
PK-m-Y {]km-Znv cYw \S--s. \psS
[w hmgs''. ImWn Xocp--Xp-hsc Cu
hnfn-p-Iq-h XpScpw. Xocm-dm-Ip-tm Hcp
{hP-hmkn \ hkv{X--f-Wnv s]mmS
]pXv ssIIq-n-\nv {]mn-pw:- ""Atbm
PK-m-Y-kzmao! Ahn-Spp Zb-hmbn cYw \S-
n-m-epw. R-fpsS [as cn-tW!''
Cs\ {]mYnv kmjvSmwKw \a-kvI-cn-nv
cY-n-te-dp-p. Atm Dtm-eIw he-
tmp Xncn-pw. Pb-Pb i_vZw apgn Bbn-
c--W-n-\m-fp-I Ib-dp-h-en-p-tm cYw
Dcp-fp-p.
hf-sc-b[ - nIw Bfp-I sXmgm hcp Cu
henb t{X- n kh{X Ccp- m- W v .
]It]mepw hnf-p-I-n-mte ImgvN-In-q.
hn{K-l - n\v Ccp-hi - - p-\npw hen-n-Sm-hp
ad-ioe ]nSn-n-n-p-v. ]WvU-Ifpw ]qPm-cn-
Ifpw AI-p-\npw. Hcp hip \nevp
]WvU Nc-Sp-h-en-p-tm ad-ioe hen-bpw.
hn{Klw A{]-Xy-a - m-Ipw. DSt\ Ah hnfnp
]d-bpw:-""ImWn--bn-Sq. \n-fpsS ]m]-sam-gn-
bpw. Atm Zi\w Inpw. thK-am-Is''
]mh-s ipm-flm-sf Cu kq{X-im-en-I
sIm-b-Sn-pw. Atm hopw NcSp hen-
pw. ad-ioe amdpw. hn{Klw ImWm-dm-Ipw. Pb-
Pb ]dv Ccp-S- n-tbv Xnc-kvIr-Xc - mb Ah
t]mIp-Ibpw sNpw.
C{-Z-a-\s hwi-m Ctmgpw I--
bn-ep-v. tZhyp-]m-kI - \pw [\m-Vy-\p-amb cmPm-
hm-bn-cp Atlw e-W -
- n\p cq] sNe-
h-gnv t{Xw ]Wn-bn-p. Bcym-h-nse
P\-v ]Wn sNbvXm `-W-sa-nepw
In-s-sbp Icp-Xn-bmWv CXp sNbvX-Xv.
]t aqV-m-cptm hnSp-p. tZh-m Fp
]d-bp-Xv t{Xw ]WnX inev]n-I Xs-
bm-Wv. cmPmhpw ]qPm-cnbpw X\pw Atm
acn-p-n-., Ah-cm-W-hn-Sps {][m-\n-I.
Ah- c psS A\p- h m- Z - t m- S p- I qSn ]p\x- { ]-
XnjvTmka-bv lmP-cp-ff sNdn-bh - v ZpxJw
\evIn-m-Wpw. Ah-scmw X-abw lmP-cm-
bn-cn-pw. hn{K-l-n-\Iw s]m-bm-bn-mWv
]Wn-bp-Xv. AXn-\p-n Hcp kzW-s-n
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
kmf-{Kmaw hbvp-p. AXp IgpIn Znh-khpw
Nc- W m- a rXw Dm- p- p. Xtep cm{Xn
AXn hnjw ]pcn hp-Im-Wpw. ]ntv
AXp Igp-In-sm-Sp-t- m Ah aqhcpw acn-
n-cn-mw. C-s\-bmWv N-sX-nepw hb-
p-n-g
- p-Im-cmb ]WvUI - . PK-m-Y icocw
amnb Ah-k-c-n Chsc aqh-scbpw IqsS-
sm-p-t]mbn Fp ]d-p-]c -
- n. A\ys
[\w ssI-em-m Cs\ ]eXpw sNbvXp
hbvmdp-v.
cmta-iz-c-nse enMvK-a-lXzw
tNmZyw:- cmta-iz-c-n KwtKm-{Xn-bnse
Pew sImv A`n-tjIw sNp-tm inh-
enwKw hep-Xm-Ip-p-v. CXpw Itam?
Dcw:- Iw. B t{X-nepw ]I
Ccp-m-Wv. cm]-I hnfp thWw. Pe-[mc
Hgp-p-tm Pe-n hnf-ns Pzme {]Xn-
_nw-_n-pw. Am-sXm-p-an-. Iv Npcp-p-
Itbm hf-cp-Itbm C. F{Xtbm A{X-X-s-
bm-bn-cn-pw. CsXmw Imn-qn ]mh-sf
sIm-b-Sn-pp!
tNmZyw:- cmta-izcw {iocm-a {]Xn-jvTn-
-Xm-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[\ thZ-hn-cp--am-sW-
n {iocm- a Fs\ hn{Klw {]Xn-
jvTnpw? hmevaoIn AsX-s\ cmam-b-W-
n-se-gpXpw?
Dcw:- {iocm-as Imev B t{Xtam
enMv K tam Dm- b n- c p- - t X- b n- . Fm
Zmn-Wm-Xy-\mb cma F cmPmhv B A-
e-ap-mn cmta-izcw Fp t]cn-Xp t\cm-
Wv. {iocm-a koX-tbm-sSm-w, l\p-am-sbpw
apw IqsS e-bn \np ]pd-sv BIm-i-
amtKW hnam-\-n Atbm-[y-bn-tep
t]m-tm {iocm-a koX-tbmSv ]dp:-
A{X ]qcvh alm-tZhmx {]km-Za - I
- t- cm-Zzn`px
tkXp _ CXn-hn-Jym-Xav (hm-evaoIn cm.
em. Im.) 104
""kotX \ns hntbm-K-m hymIp-e-cmb
R ChnsS Xnc-bth ChnsS NmXpam-ky-
a-\p-jvTn-p. Cuiz-tcm-]m-k-\bpw [ym\hpw
sNbvXp. kh{X hn`p-hmb tZh-tZ-h alm-
104. kKw 123. tmIw 22. AhnsS tkXp-_
CXn-Jym-X-sap ]mTw.
246
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
tZ-h, ]c-am-flmhv Ir]-sN-bvI-bm Fm
kma-{Kn-Ifpw Chn-sS-\np e`n-p. t\mq!
AXp-\n-an--amWv tkXp-_-\w sNbvXv e-
bn hv cmh-W-s\-smv \ns-sIm-p-h-
-Xv. CXn--pdw hmevaoIn asmpw Fgp-Xn-
bn-n-.
Imen-bm-Im\pw UtImPnbpw
tNmZyw:- Imen-bmIm- ]In-p-tm
knt\ lpm hen-n-tm. 105 Zn-W-
tZ-iv Imeo-bm-Im-s\-smcp aqn-bp-
v. CXv Cpw lpm 106 hen-p-p. hn{K-
lm-cm-[\ I-am-sW-n Cu amlmflyw
I-am-Wtm?
Dcw:-Iw Iw CsXmw t]mp-eo-
e-bm-Wv. Cu hn{K-l-ns hmbv s]m-bm-
bn- c n- - W w. ]nh- i - p- I qSn `nnhgn
ASp sIn-S-n-tep Cu Zzmcw t]mIp-
p-m-bn-cn-pw. lpm \ndv hn{K-l-ns
hmbp-ambn LSn-nv ]qPmcn Cd-n-tm-Ipw.
]pd-In-es sIn-S-n-en-cn-p--bm Ahn-
Sn-cpv Ipg-enqSn hen-p-tm lp-bn
Kpfp-Kpfp i_vZw tIpw. hn{K-l-ns
aqnq-Snbpw Zzmcw ImWpw. ]nn\npw
DuXn-sm-Sp-p-tm hmbnepw aqnepw IqSn
]pI hcp--Xmhmw. At\Iw aqV-m-tcmSv
]Ww ]nSpn Ahsc Zcn-{Z-cm-p-hm Ccw
]Wn-I aXn.
tNmZyw:- t\mq. Zzmc-I-bnse UtImPn
107
- bpsS hn{Klw Hcp `s IqsSt]mbn.
Im]-Wa - nS kzWw At\Iw av `mc-ap
105. cMvKv ssl- Im-en-bm-Im-v tIm -Pnkvt\ lpm
]nem-b-k-v tIm.
106. \mep-`m-K--fp D]-I-c-W-amWv lp. Ghpw
ASn-bn shw \nd ]n-ftbm atm
sImp ]m{Xw. AXns apI`m-K-p-\nv
]pI-h-en-m-\p \o Ipg, B ]m{X-n-\-Sn
-h-iw-hsc \op \np ]pI-p-g.
]pIp-g-ens apI-fn Nnew Fp-]-d-bp
]pI-bnse s\cn-tm-Sv. s\cn-tm-Sn ]pI-bn-e-bnv
Icn--\ \nd-bvp-p. ]pI-h-en-m-\p \o
Ipg-en-eqsS hen-p-tm sh-neqsS ]pI-
hv Ipg-en-eqsS hen-m-cs hmbn-se-p-p.
Cs\ hen-p-tm Kpfp Kpfp i_vZw
]pd-s-Spw. lp-I ]e-X-c-ap-v.
107. Utm FXv Tcx (hn-jvWp) F
kwkvIr-X-i-_vZ-ns A]-{`w-i-am-Wv. Tmq,
SmKq, SmtKm apX-em-b-h-bpw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
hn{K-l - n\p ka-ambn Xqn. Chbpw amlm-
fly--f-s-ptm?
Dcw:- A. ` hn{Klw Ip-sIm-p-
t]m-bn-cn-mw. Im]-W-anS kzWw hn{K-l-
n\p ka-am-sb-Xv GtXm Im-hp-I-S-bn
hp ]d--Xm-Imw.
tkma\mY-t-{Xhpw Kkv\nbpw
tNmZyw:- tkma-\m-Y-hn-{Klw \new-sXm-Sm-
sX-bmWv \nn-cp--Xv. CsXmcp alm-pXw
Xs- b m- b n- c p- p. AtXm CXpw anYy-
bmtWm?
Dcw:- anYy-X-s. t{X-n Iogvta
Im- - p- I ]nSn- n- n- c p- p. AXns
BIj-W-n hn{Klw B[m-c-an-msX
\n-Xm-Wv. al-Zv Kkv\n hv bpw sNbv-
Xtm Cu t{X--sfmw XIp F
Ap- X - a p- m- bn. ]qPm- cn- I fpw `- mcpw
IjvSm-h--bn-em-bn. e--W-n\p `S-m
]Xn-\m-bncw `S-m-tcmSv tXmtm-Sn. Atm
t]m-mcpw ]qPm-cn-Ifpw alm-tZh! Cu t-
msc sImv Rsf cn-mepw F-t]-
nv ]qP-bpw, app-]m-Sp-In-S - e - pw, kvXpXn-bpw,
{]mY-\bpw \S-p-Ib - m-bn-cp-p. Fnv kzin-
jy-m-cmb cmPm--m-tcmSv ""Ahn-Spp hnj-
an-t-. alm-tZ-h ss`c-h-t\tbm hoc-`-{Z-
s\tbm Ab-bvpw. Ah t-msc sImp-
Itbm A- c m- p- I tbm sNpw.
Ctms \psS tZh-m {]Xy-cm-
Ipw. Fp-am-{X-a R-sfm Imcy-fpw
Gsv l\p-am-\pw, ZpKbpw ss`c-h\pw kz]v\-
n Acp-fn-bn-p-v. Fp ]dv kmz-\-
s- S p- n. B ip- - m- c mb cmPm- - mcpw
{Xn-bcpw t]m-m-cpsS ]n-em- - nsv
tIXv hniz-kn-n-cp-p.
F{X- s b- nepw tPymXn- j n- I Ctm
B{I-an-m ]nb aplq-a Fp ]d-
bpw. AjvS-a-n N{-\pv Fsm-cp-
108. t kwbvv apkam-m FY-an-.
Ahy--ambn ]d-bp--h Fm-WYw.
(t Ahyt i_vtZ). IqSmsX tKmamwk
`tIm bkvXp temI-_m-ly--`m-j-tX,
khm-Nmc hnlo-t\mku t CXy-`n-[o-b-tX.
tKmamwk `-I-cpw, hntZ-i-`mj kwkm-cn-p--
hcpw BNm-c-lo-\-cp-am-b-h-cmWv t.
(Aacw ]mc-ta-iz-cn, ImWvUw2. iq{Z-hKw 20)
247
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
]d-bp-tm tbmKn\n apn-ep-s-mIpw
cm-a. Cs\ ]e-Xcw NXn-I-fn-e-I-sv
cmPm- - m ]S-sbm-cp-m-Xn-cp-p. t-m 108
hp hf- - t m \nev - - n- b n- msX
Fm-hcpw HmSn. F{X-sb-nepw t]m-m-scbpw
]qPm-cn-Is - fbpw injy-m-scbpw ]nSn-IqSn ]qPm-
cn-I XmWp-hoWv At]-n-p. aqp-tImSn
cq]m Xcmw. A-ehpw hn{K-lhpw XIm-
Xn- c p- m aXn. Atm apkam- m
]dp: R _pXv]c - k
- vXc - . 109 _pXvin-
- bn- c n- mw. {ioIr- j v W Ab- - X m- s Wv
I-m-cm-Wv. AXm-bXv hn{K-l-kw-c--I-c-.
hn{Kl `RvP-I-cm-Wv. Ah Aew XIp
If-p. taqc XIp hoW-tm Im-
pw Cf-In. hn{Klw Xmsg hoWp. hn{K-l-
ap-S--tm ]Xn-s\-p-tImSn cq]-bpsS cXv\-
]pdp h-t{X. ]qPm-cn-Ipw t]m-
mpw N-n-bSn In-b-tm Ic-n XpS-
n. JP-\m-sh-hn-sS-sb-mbn A{I-an-I. ASn-
sImp ]pf--tm Imn-sm-Sp-p. Ah
ASn- p- s ]m- f nv sIm- s N- b v X p. t]m-
mscbpw injy-m-scbpw ASn-sIm-Spv ASn-
a-I-fmn tKmXp s]mSn-p-I, ]pp-]-dn-p-
I, ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-I tImcpI apX-emb tPmen-
I \In. Xnm s]mcn IS-e-am{Xw sImSp-
p. IjvSw Xs. inem-]qP sNbvXv Fn-
\n-s\ \in--Snp? Fp-sImv Cuiz-c-
]qP sNbvXn? sNbvXn-cp-s-n t-m-
cpsS ]-Sn-p-sIm-gnv Pbw t\Sm-am-bn-cp-p.
F{X hn{K-l- ]qPn-n-cp-pthm A{Xbpw
t]mcmfnIsf ]qPn-n-cp-s-n F{X hnP-b-
ap- m- t bt\. ]qPm- c n- I Cu ine- I sf
C{Xbpw ]qPn-p. Fnepw Hscw t]mepw
Fgptv i{Xp-hns Xe-bv-Sn-n-. iqc-ho-
c- m- c mb ]pcp- j - msc hn{K- l - ns
109. _pXv F ]Zw "_p' kw-bpsS
A]-{`w-i-am-Wv. ]mck (t]jy) tZip apv
_p-{]-Xn-a-I am{Xta Dm-bn-cp-p-p Fv
]WvUnv `K-h--v, "`mc-Xob kwkvIrXo
Im _rlZv CXn-lmk''n.
110. Dn-b = lpn ]W-o-v. Hcp {_m-W
\ko-al - X
- b
- psS ASpp sNv sNe-hn\p ]Ww
tNmZn-p. \ko-bpsS ] ]W-an-m-bn-cp-p.
]Icw {ioIr-jvWs t]cn Hcp Dn-b FgpXn
sImSp-p. {_m-W AXv {ioIr-jvW-hn-{K-l-
n\p apn kan-p. DSs\ Xs AXv ]W-
am-bn- amdn Fv `n-hn-Pbw F admn {K-
n Dv.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
m\p ]qPn-n-cp-s-n Ah B{in-
Xsc klm-bn-p-Ibpw i{Xp-sf Aa
sNp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p.
Dn-b hym]mcw
tNmZyw:- Zzmc- I - b nse ctOm- U v P n,
\ko-a-lvXmbvv Dn-b 110 Abv ISw
honb IYbpw I-amtWm?
Dcw:- GtXm ]W-hym-]mcn ]Ww \In-
Btcm I--tcp h-Xp-am-Imw. 1914-mw kwh-
-c-n Cwo-jp-Im A-e-fpw hn{K-
l- fpw ]oc- n- h p XI- t m Cu
aqn-I FhnsS t]mbn-cpp? Fm
_mtL-dn-I F{X hoc-ambn t]mcmSn i{Xp-
sf \in-n-p. 111 hn{K-l-v Hcp Cu-
m HSn-m t]mepw Ign-n-. {ioIr-
jvW-s\-tmse Bsc-nepw Dm-bn-cp-s-
n Chsc sIp-sI-n-p-am-bn-cp-p. c-I\v
ASn-sIm-m B{inXs Imcy-sap ]d-
bm?
Pzmem-ap-Jnbpw lnwK-emPpw
tNmZyw:- Pzmem-apJw {]Xy--tZ-h-X-bm-
Wv. khhpw `n-p-p. {]kmZw Xcp-
tm ]IpXn `nv _mn ]IpXn Xcp-
p. apK N{I-hn-am AXn tXmSp-
shn sh-sam-gnp t\mn. Ccp-p-Nn
Iagvn hpw t\mn. Fnpw Pzme AW-
n-, \ne-p-an-. AXp-t]mse lnwK-em-
Pv 112 ]mXn-cmbvv khmcn sNbvXv ]h--n
{]Xy--sv ]h-Xs Kn-n-p-p.
N{-Iq]w (In-W) Dds Ic-bp-p. tbm\o-
111. hn{I-ak- w-h
- c- a
- m-Wn-X.v Cwo-jh
v j-t-m 57
hjw apn-em-Wv hn{I-a-kw-h--cw. 1914 hn{I-a-
kw-h-cw 1857 G.-Un. bmWv. Hmw kzmX-{y-
k-a-c-m-ew. aljn CXn ]s-Sp-n-cp--Xmbn
tcJ-I-fpv.
112 D-tc-y-bnse dnwhm-i-l-tUm F
{]tZ-is Hcp {Kma-n-emWv Cu B{I-aWw
\S--Xv. 1857-se Hmw kzX-{y-k-a-c-n Cu
{]tZ-is Hcp hK-amb _tL-ep-I Cwo-jp-
Im-tcmSv Gp-ap-n. CXv APvao-dn\np {]kn-o-
I-cn-p "]tcm-]-Imcn' F amkn-I-bpsS 1975
sk]vXw-_ e-n ]ckyw sNbvX "hnym-
`q-`mKvtaw aljn-Zb - m-\ kc-kzXo Im ]cn-{`-a
Ghw hn{imav' F, KtWiv {]kmZv kml-bpsS
teJ-\-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p-v.
248
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
b- { - n- e qsS Ib- d n- b n- d - n- b m
]p\w Dm-hp-I-bn-. Tpac (Ip-n-p-
cp) ame-b-Wn-mte ]qW-\mb alm-flm-
hm- I q. lnwK- e m- P n t]mbn hcm- - h
A-a-lm-flm-th-bm-Iq. CsXmw Ahn-iz-
k-\o-btam?
Dcw:- Ahn-iz-k-\obw Xs. ]-X-
n \nv XoPzme ]pd-s-Sp--XmWv Pzmem-
ap-Jn. Fmw ]qPm-cn-I-fpsS hnNn-{X-tI-fn-I-fm-
Wv. Ic-n-bn s\sm-gnv Xmfn-mthn
NqSm-p-tm AXn Xo ]nSn-p-p. FSp-
p-am-p-Itbm DuXp-Itbm sNbvXm AX-W-
bpw. Iptd s\v Fcnp Xon- c n- pw.
_mn tijn-pw. CXp-t]m-semcp kw`-hta
Ahn-sS-bp-q. ASp-n Fn-mepw In--
cn-bpw. hontem Imntem Xo ]nSn-m Fmw
shp-t]m-Ipw. CXn FmWv hnti-j-am-bp-
Xv? Hc--ehpw IpWvUhpw Ap-an-pw
Iptd Pe-\nK-a-\n-Ifpw Hgn-sI.
lnwK-em-Pn Hcp khm-cn-bp-an-. 113 DXv
t]m-m-cp-sSbpw ]qPm-cn-I-fp-sSbpw Ifn am{X-
am- W v . shhpw sNfnbpw \nd Hcp
IpWv U apmn hn- p- v . AXn- \ Sn- b n
\np Ipanf hcpw. AXp ImWp--XmWv k^-
e-bm-{X-sbp aqV-m [cn-p-p. tbm\o-
b{w [\-a-]-l-cn-m Dmnh-Xm-Wv.
Ipn-am-e-bpsS Imcyhpw t]mp-I-fn-bm-Wv.
AXp-sI-n-bm alm-flm-hm-Ip-sa-n Hcp arK-
n-s\-smv Ipn-p-cp-am-eb - psS NpaSv Npa-
n-m AXpw alm-]p-cp-j-\m-Iptam? henb
Da ]pcp-jmw sImt alm-]p-cp-j-\m-
hq.
Aar-X-k-ckpw Aa-c-\m-Yhpw apw
tNmZyw:- AarX kc-knse Ipfw \ndsb
Aar-X-am-Wv. ]pfn-n-m-bpsS ]IpXn a[p-
c- a p- - X m- W v . tdhmk- d n h-
X\nsb A-c-bn-sc IS-p-p. Aa-c-\m-
Yn inh-enwKw X\nsb Dm-Ip-p. lnam-
e- b - n CW- { ]m- h p- I hv Zi\w
\In aS-p-p. CsXmw hniz-kn-m
]mSn-m--XmtWm?
113. knn-ep Hcp ZpKm-t-{X-amWv lnwK-em-Pv.
Ctm-gnXv ]mIn-m-\n-em-Wv.
114. Aar-X-k-c-knse kzW an-c-n\p Npp-ap
kc-km-Wn-Xv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Dcw:- Aar-X-k-c-kv 114 FXv B Ipf-
ns t]cp am{X-am-Wv. AhnSw ImSm-bn-cp--
tm AXnse shw ip-am-bn-cp-n-cn-mw.
AXv Aar-Xm-bn-cp-s-n AXp IpSn--h,
]pcm-W-hn-izm-kn-I hniz-kn-p-Xp t]mse
acn--cp-Xm-bn-cp--tm. `nn hoWp-t]m-ImsX
Ip\n-bpI am{Xw sNp Xc-n \nan--
Xm-hmw. ]pfn-n-bn at-sX-nepw ac-n
Hnp ]nSn-n-t- Xm, As-n ip-s]m-fntbm
Bbn-cn-pw. tchm-k-dn 115 sNmSw ]Wn-
n-cn-p-X - n Ftm I-W - n-bp-v. Aa-
c-\m-Y-n ap-sImv h]hXw Dm-
Ip-p. Atm Pe-I-W- Ddv sNdnb
enMvKw Dm-Ip--Xn-se-m-Wm-cyw? ]qPm-
cn-I hfp amS-{]m-hp-Isf Xpdp hnSp-
tm Ah {]Xy--s-Spw. ae-I-fpsS ad-hn
\nv hnSp--Xm-Imw. {]Zin-nv ]Ww ]nSp-
p-p-ap-m-Imw.
lc-Zzmcpw apw
tNmZyw:- lc-Zzm-c, kzK-Zzm-ca- m-Wv. lIo-
ss]Un AYhm inhs IS-hn kv\m\w
sNbvXm Fm ]m]-fpw Hgn-bpw. Xt]m-
h-\-n Xma-kn-m X]-kzn-bm-Ipw. tZh-
{]-bm-K, KwtKm-{Xn-bnse tKmap-Jw, D-c-Im-
in-bn Kp]vXI - m-in, {Xbp-K\m-cm-bW- Ch
XoY m\--fm-Wv. tIZm-cw, _Z-co-\m-cm-
bWw Fn-hn-S - f- nse ]qP Bdp-amkw a\p-
jy-cpw, Bdp-amkw tZh-mcpw \S-p-p.
alm-tZ-hs apJw t\m-fn-em-Wv, AXns\
]ip-]-Xn-sbp hnfn-p-p. ]rjvTw tIZm-c-
n-epw, Ducp- XpwK-\m-Y-nepw ]mZ-
Aa-c-\m-Y-n-ep-am-Wv. Chn-S--fn
Zi- \ w, kv ] i- \ w, kv \ m\w Fnh
115. lnam-N-e-nse knwe-bv-Sp e-am-Wn-Xv.
Chn-Sps hrm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep XSm-I-n\v 30
ao-tdmfw Np-fh
- p-v. 45 ao-tdmfw Bg-hpw. ChnsS
Imp-sImv A-sc-bn-sc HgpIn \S-p Hcp
sNm-S-ap-v. AXp aqp h--fn ]Sp-Xpw
Ipw apw \ndv sNSn-I hf-cp--Xp-am-Wv.
CXv HgpIn \S-p-Xv Hc-p-X-ambn ]qPm-cn-I
Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-p. tdhm F-Xn\v s\ns
Rmp-X-S-sa-m-WYw. ChnsS s\Ir-jn-bp-v.
Rmdp ]dnv sIp-I-fmn DW-m-Xn-cn-m Cu
h--fn shw Xfnv kqn-n-cn-mw.
{ItaW ap \ndv sNSn-I hfp XpS-n-
b-Xmhmw Fv Pn.-]n. D]m-[ymb ]d-bp-p.
(k.-{]. Cwojv X-a)
249
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
sNbvXm apn e`n-p-p. tIZmcw _Zcn
Fn-hn-S--fn \nv kzKp t]mI--W-
sa-n t]mImw. Cm-cy--sf--s\-bpv?
Dcw:- lc-Zzmcw hS- ]h-X--fn-te-
p {]th-i\ Zzmc-am-Wv. lIo-ss]Un Hcp
Ipfn--S-hns ]S-hp-I-fm-Wv. kXy-n AXv
lmUvss]Un (F-n ]S-hp-I) bt{X. Fs-
m \mSm-b-\m-sS-m-ap acn--h-cpsS Fp-
I Chn-sS-bm-Wtm hogp--Xv. 116 ]m]w Hcn-
epw Igp-In-bm Xocp-I-bn-. A\p-`-hn-p-
Xot ]q. Xt]m-h\w Fs-nepw Dm-
bn-cp-n-cn-mw. CtmgXv `np-h\ - a
- m-Wv. Xt]m-
h-\-n t]mbn ]mp--Xp-sImv Bcpw
Xm]-k\ - m-Ip-n-. X]kp sNbvsX-nte BIq
Fs-m AhnsS Iw ]d-bp hym]m-cn-
Ifpw Ht-sd-bp-v. Ah X]-kzn-I-f--tm.
"lna-hXx {]`-hXn KwKm'. ]h-X-n\p
apI-fn\nv Pew Hgp-Ip-p. tKmap-J-ns
BIrXn ]Ww ]nSp-n-I-fp-m-n-b-Xm-Wv. B
]hXw t]m-m-cpsS kzK-am-Wv. Ahn-Sps
D-c-Im-inbpw apw [ym\n-Ip tbmPn--
Xm-Wv. ]t I-h-S-mp Ahn-Shpw I-
h-S-ew Xs-bm-Wv. tZh-{]-bm-K-bn tZh-
m hkn-p-s-Xv ]pcm-W--fpsS anYym-
k--ev]-am-Wv. AhnsS Af-I-\-bpw KwKbpw
kwK-an-p-s anYy ]d-p]c-n-bn-s-
n AhnsS Bcp t]mIm\pw ImWn--bn-Sm-
\p-amWv? Kp]vX-Im-in-sb-sm-n-. AXp
{]kn--I m-in-b m-W v. aqp bpK- - f m- bp
bPvR-[qaw {Xnbp-Ko\m-cm-b-W-n-en-. Hcp
]t ]mWvU-I-fpsS ]n-cp-]Xp Xe-ap-d-bm-
bp-Xp ImWpw. CXv `kva-[m-cn-I-fpsS [qa-I-
WvUhpw ]mgvkn-I-fpsS t{X--fnse An-
Ip-WvUhpw kZm Pzen-p-X - p-t]ms-etb Dq.
X]vX-IpWvU-ns Imcyhpw C-s\-X-s.
AhnsS ]h-X-ns D`mKw NqSp-]n-Sn-n-
cn-p-p. AXnte HgpIn hcp sh-n\v
NqSp-v. AXn\v ASp-p IpWvU-nse
Pew D]-cn-X-e-n-te-tXm, NqSn-m-n-S-p-
\nv Hgp-Ip-tXm BI-bm XWp-n-cn-p-
p. tIZm-c-\m-Yw, AXn-kp--c-amb e-am-Wv.
Ahn-sSbpw ]qPm-cn-Itfm Ah-cpsS injy-
mtcm Aew ]WnXp hn-p-v. Ahn-Sps
116. k-b\w sNbvX Fp-I Chn-sS-bmWv
sImn-Sp--Xv.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
al-p-Ifpw ]qPm-cn-Ifpw ]WvU-Ifpw hnth-
I-iq-\y-cmb ]W-m-cn \nv [\-a-]-l-cnv
hnj-bm-\--a--cm-Ipp. AXp-t]mse _Z-co-
\m-cm-b-W-nepw NXn-b-m-cpsS Hcp ]S-X-
sbpv. dmhPn-bmWv Ahn-Sps apJy.
H \nc-h[n kv{XoIsf AhnsS ]cn-]m-en-
p-p. 117 ]ip-]Xn Fsmcp t{X-n\p
t]cnv ]-apJn F hn{K-ls {]Xn-jvTn-
n-pv. Bcpw tNmZn-m-\n-m-n-Sv Ccw
Ifn-Iv Dut-dpw. Fm Xo-f - nse
Bfp-I-tf-tmse Cu ]h-X-hm-kn-I A{I-
an-Itfm [\m-]l - c - W- - mtcm A. ca-Wo-bhpw
]hn-{X-hp-amb `qan-bm-W-hn-Sp-t-Xv.
hny, {]bm-K, aYp-c, Atbm[y
tNmZyw:- hnym-N-e-nse A-`p-Pbpw
hnty-iz-cnbpw Imfnbpw {]Xy--k-Xy--
fm-Wv. hnty-izcn aqp t\chpw aqp cq]w
[cn-p-p. AhnsS apv Hco t]mep-an-
. {]bmK XoY-cm-P-\m-Wv. AhnsS Xe
apWvU\w sNp--Xp-sImpw KwKm bap\m
kwK-a-n kv\m\w sNp--Xp-sImpw
A`o- j v S - k n- n- b p- m- I p- p. AXp- t ]mse
Atbm[y app XhW \nhm-kn-Ik-lnXw
kzKw ]qIn-b-Xm-Wv. aYpc Fm XoY--
fnepw {][m-\-am-Wv. hrm-h\w eoem-m\w
BWv . tKmh\ {hP- b m- { X- I henb
`mKyw-sImt knn-q. kqcy-{K-l-W-k-
abw Ipcp-t-{X-n e--W-n-\m-fp-
I tafn-p-p. CsXmw anYy-bmsWtm?
Dcw:- AhnsS aqp hn{K-l--fp-v.
Ah inem-\nan-Xa - m-Wv. ]qPm-cn-If- psS hkv{Xm-
e-mcw kmaYyw \nan--amWv hn{Klw aqp-
X-c-n aqp-t\-chpw Zriy-am-Ip--Xv. Cu-
I Bbncw e--fp-v. CXn\v Fs Ip-
I Xs-bmWv kmn. {]bm-K-bn GsX-
nepw pc-I-I-hn-tbm, As-n t]mn\v
]Ww-sIm-Spv Btcm apWvU-\-am-lmflyw
cNn-tbm cNn-n-tbm sNbvXn-cn-mw. {]bm-
K-bn Ipfnv kzKp t]mbm ]ns
Bcpw Xncnp hn-nt? Fm-hcpw hon
117. hn{I-a-kw-h-cw 1912 (G.-Un. 1855) tbmK
hnZym-hn--msc tXSn aljn lnam-e-b-ns
Cu `mK--fn H-[nIw bm{X sNbvXp. Cu {]tZ-
i- aljnv \p-Xp-t]mse ]cn-Nn-X-ambn
Fv Bfl-I-Y-bn-se-gp-Xn-bn-pv.
250
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
aSn-h-cp--Xm-bmWv ImWp--Xv. C\n h-
hcpw apn-a-cn-mepw BIm-i-n hmbp-hn-
t\mSv tNv ]p\w {]m]n-p-p-v.
XoY- c m- P - s \ t]cpw ]Ww]nSp- n- I
\evIn-b-Xm-Wv. PU-h-kvXp-hn cmPm--{]-Pm-
t`Zw Hcn-epw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
Atbm-[ym-\-Kcw AXnse hmkn-I-fmb ]n-
I, Igp-X-I, tXmn-I, sNcp-p-Ip-n-I,
shw-tIm-cn-IklnXw aqp XhW kzK-
n t]msb-Xv Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. Cpw
Ahn-sS--s-bpv. AXp-t]mseXs-bp-v.
t]m-m-cpsS hmbvp-tXm-nb tImXp
]mn Atbmy kz-p-t]mbn Cu ]mv
i_vZ-ambn Hgp-In-\-S-p-p. Cw Xs
ss\-an-jm-c-Wy-s--nbpw apw Ch ]d-bp-
-Xnepw Ifn-I-fp-v.
aYpc aqp-tem-I--fn \npw `n-am-
sWp ]d- b p- - X n AY- s am- p- a n- .
Fm AhnsS aqp Iq almPp--fm-
bp-v. BIm-i-nepw `qan-bnepw Pe-nepw
D Bpw Ah-cn \nv kuJyw e`n-
pI hnj-a-am-Wv. Hv Nut_. 118 Bsc-nepw
kv \ m\- n\p t]mbm Ahsc ]nSn- I qSn
]dbpw:- ""hms bP- a m- \ t\, Imhpw
apfIpw tNp Pe-]m-\hpw eUvVp `-W-
hpw. bP-am-\\v Pb Pb ]mSs'' cv sh-
nse Ba ISnp Xnp-I-fbpw Chsb
t]Snv Ipfn-mt\ km[y-a. aqv apI-fn-en-
cn- p c- a p- J - p- c - p- I , Xe- s pw
sXmnbpw, B`- c - W hpw, Fn\v sNcn- p-
t]mepw hnSn- . ISn- p- X n- pw. sXn- b nv
sImp-I-fbpw. Ch aqpw t]m-mpw
injy-mpw ]qP-\o-b-cm-Wv. ap-I-W-n\v
IS-ebpw ap [m\y-fpw Ba-bvpw, IS-ebpw
i-cbpw apw Ipc-n-\pw, Nut_-amv
Zn-Wbpw eUvVphpw apw \evIn Ah-cpsS
tkh-I tkh\w sNp-p-v.
hrm-h-\-am-I-s, Dm-bn-cp-tm Dm-
bn-cp-p. Ctm-g-hnsS thiym-h\w t]mse
]n-em-hpw Kpcp--in-jy-m-cpsS tIfnbpw \S-
p-p. Aw Zo]-am-ebpw apw t]m-m-
cpsS Dt-i-kn-n-p-X-Ip--Xm-Wv. tKmh-
\--{h-P-bm-{X-Ifpw A-s\-X-s. Ipcp-t-{X-
118. NXpthZn F ]Z-ns ep]vX-cq-]-am-Wn-Xv.
N.th = Nt = Nut_
kXym-{]-Im-iw
nse Imcyhpw hb-p-n-g-p-X-s-sb--dn-b-
Ww. [man-Icpw ]tcm-]-Im-cn-I-fp-am-b-h Cu
t]mp-eo-e-bn \np \nhr--cm-hp-I-Xs
sNpw.
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Xow Ch-bpsS ]gw
tNmZyw:- hn{K-lm-cm-[\ XoY-bm{X Fn-
h-sbmw k\m-X-\-ambn \S-p-p. Ch-sb-
s\ anYy-bmIpw?
Dcw:- \n k\m-X-\-sap ]d-bp--
sX-n-s\-bmWv? kZm-\-S-p-h-cp--Xn-s\tbm?
CXv kZm \S-p-p-sh-n thZ-, {_m-
W- apX-em-bh Ejn-ap-\n-I-fm cNn-X-amb
{Kfn Ch-bpsS t]cn-m--sXv? 119
Cu hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Ign aqm-bn-c-n-b-
qdp hj-n-S-bn hma-amKn-Ifpw
ssP\n-Ifpw Dm-n-b-Xm-Wv. Bcym-h-
n Ch- s bmpw Cm- b n- c p- p. Cu
Xofpw Cm- b n- c p- p. ssP\- m,
Kn\m, ]men-Sm-\, inJ, i{Xp-RvP-b, B_p
apX- e mb XoY- - e - Dm- n- b - X p-
t]mse Chcpw Dm-n-sb-t-bp-q. Ch-
bpsS Bcw-`-s-n Bs-nepw Adn-b-
W-sa-n ]WvU-I-fpsS ]pcm-X\ \mh-gn-
-W-p-Ifpw sNt-Sp-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n--Ww.
Cu XoY-v Gdn-bm Aqtdm Bbn-
ctam sIms ]g--ta-bp-sv Atm
a\-n-em-Ipw. Bbncw sIm-n-e-pdw ]g--
ap tcJ-I-tf-bn Fmw Cp-d-p--Xm-Wv.
Xohpw \ma-am-lm-flyhpw
tNmZyw:- Xo- - \ m- a - a m- l m- fl y-
AXm-b-Xv, A\y--t{X-Ir-Xw, ]m]w-Im-io-
tt{X hn\-iy-Xn 120 apX-emb {]kvXm-h-
kXy-at?
Dcw:- A. ]m]w Cm-Xm-Ip-sa-n Zcn-
{Z\v cmP-]-hpw A\v Ipw e`n-p-am-bn-cp-
119. thZ-im-J-I, {_m-W-, Bc-Wy-I-,
D]-\n-j-p-I, D]-th-Z-, thZmw-K,
D]mw-K- Fo {K--fn-sempw
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sbmpw ]cm-ain-X-a-.
Jne--fn (]-cn-in-jvS--fn) ]qPm-Im-cy-
]d-bp-p-v. Ah-sbmpw Ejn-t{]m--a-.
Dm-n-t-h-bm-Wv.
120. ap--e--fn hp sNbvX ]m]w Imin-bn
hv Cm-Xm-Ip-p. (Im-in-a-lm-flyw)
121. AXm-Xns ^ew A\p-`-hnt Xocq FYw.
251
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
p. IpjvT-tcm-Kn-I-fpsS tcmKw hnp-am-dp-am-bn-
cp-p. As\ kw`-hn-p-n-. AXn-\m
Bcp-sSsbnepw ]m]tam ]pWytam hnp-t]m-
Ip-I-bn-. 121
tNmZyw:- 1. KwtKm KwtKXn tbm {_pbmZv
tbmP- \ m\mw issX- c ]n apNytX kh
]m]t`ym hnjvWp-temIw k KXn
2. lcnl-cXn ]m]m\n lcn-cn-Xy--c-Zz-
bav {]mXx-Imte inhw-Zrzm \nin ]m]w
hn\-iyXn
3. BP-I - rXw a[ymt kmbmt k]vX-
P--\m-av. 122
Ch t]mp-]p-cm-W - f- nse tmI-f - m-Wv.
1. At\Iw ImX--f-I-se-bn-cp-p-t]mepw
KwKm, KwKm Fp P]n-m Fm ]m]hpw
\inv hnjvWp-temIwssh-Ip-WvTw--{]m-]n-
pw.
2. lcn F c--c-ap \ma-ap--cn-
m Fm ]m]--tfbpw AXv lcn-pw.
AXp-t]m-se-bmWv cma, IrjvW, inh, `K-
hXn apX-emb \ma--fp-sSbpw amlm-flyw.
3. AXp-t]m-se, GXp a\p-jy cmhnse
inh- e nw- K tam hn{K- l tam ImWp- pthm
Abm cm{Xn-bn sNbvX ]m]w Cm-Xm-
Ipw. a[ym--n Zin-m, B P-n-
se-bpw, kmbm--n Zin-m Ggp P-
-fn-tebpw ]m]w \in-pw. CXv Zi\
amlm-fly-am-Wv. Chbpw If-hmtWm?
Dcw:- I-am-sW--Xn Fp i-bm-
Wp-Xv? KwKm, KwKm, ltc cma, IrjvW,
\mcm-b-W, inh `K-hXn \ma-kva-c-WwsImv
]m]w hnpa-md - p-Ib
- n-. amdp-sa-n Hscm ZpxJn-
X t]mepw Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-. Cm-ev
t]mp-eo--e-I hn--tXm-Sp-IqSn ]m]n-I-fpsS
Fw s]cp-Ip--Xp-t]m-se, ]m]w sNm
Bpw `b-ap-m-hp-Ibpw Cm-bn-cp-p. ]m]w
sNbvX-Xn\p tijw \maw sNmp-Itbm XoY-
bm{X sNp-Itbm sNbvXm ]m]-\n-hr-n-
bp-m-Ip-sa-Xv aqV-hn-izm-k-am-Wv. Cs\
hniz-knv ]m]w sNbvXv Cl-tem-Ihpw ]c-
tem-Ihpw \in-n-p-p. Fm-bmepw sNbvX
122 {_-]p-cmWw 174-82, ]fl-]p-cmWw
D-c-JWvUw 23-2, 72, 12 CXymZn
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
]m]-ns ^ew A\p-`-hnt Xocq.
tNmZyw:- Atm XoY-bm-{Xbpw \ma-
P-]hpw icn-bt?
Dcw:- icn-bm-Wv. thZmZn kXy-im-kv{X-
-fpsS ]T-\hpw ]mT-\hpw [man-I-cmb hnZzm-
m-cpsS kwK-aw, ]tcm-]-Im-cw, [am-\p-jvTm-
\w, tbmKm-`ym-kw, sshc-an-m-bva, Im]-Sy-cm-
ln-Xyw, kXy-`m-j-Ww, kXy-aw-Ko-I-cn-,
kXy-a-\p-jvTn-, {_-N-cyw, BNm-cy,
AXn-Yn, amXm-]n-Xm--msc ip{iq-jn-,
Cuiz-c-kvXp-Xn--{]mY-\m--D-]m-k-\, im-X,
PntX-{n-b-X, kpio-e-X, [a-bp--amb ]pcp-
jmw, m\ hnm-\mZn ip` KpW-Ia-
Fnh ZpxJ-sf XcWw sNn-p--
h-bm-I-bm XoY--fm-Wv. Pe--e-{]-[m-\-
am-bh Hcn-epw XoY--f-. Fs-m
P\m ssbx Xcn Xm\n XoYm\n bmsXm-
n-\m P\- ZpxJ-sf XcWw sNp-
pthm Ah-bmWv XoY-. Pe-e -
-
XcWw sNn-p-I-bn-, apn-sm-p--h-bm-
Wv. hn-ap-X-em-b-hbpw XoY--fm-Wv. Ah-
bn Ibdn kap{Zw IS-m Ign-bp-a-tm.
1. kam\ XotY hmko
(A-jvS-[ymbn 4.4.107)
2. \a-kvXoYym-bN (b-Pp. 16.42)
1. Htc BNm-cy-\n \nv Htc imkv{Xw
Hn- p- ] mv ]Tn- p- - h kXoYy
AYhm kam-\-XoY-tk-hnI-fm-Wv.
2. thZm-Zn-im-kv{X-fnepw, kXy-`m-j-WmZn
[a-e--W--fnepw \njvWm-X-\mb kw\ym-
knv A-]m-\m-Zn-I \evIp-Ibpw hnZy A`y-
kn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv XoY-am-Wv.
\ma-P]w C{]-Im-c-amWv:- bky-\m-a-a-l-
Zyix (b-Pp.) 123 Cuiz-cs \maw henb bi-
kv, AYhm [a-bp--Ia- sN-em-Wv.
{_w, ]c-ta-iz-c. Cuiz-c, \ymb-Im-cn, Zbm-
ep, kh-i-n-am, apX-emb \ma- Cuiz-
cs KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--fn \np-m-b-Xm-
Wv. F-s\-sb-m, {_w--G-hpw hen-b-
Xv, ]c-ta-iz-c Cuiz-c-m-cp-sSbpw Cuiz-c,
Cuiz-c--km-aYy-bp- \ymb-Im-cn. Hcn-
epw A\ymbw sNm--h, Zbm-ep--F-m-
123. bPqthZw 32.3
252
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
h-cnepw Ir]m-Zr-jvSn-bp-h - , kh-i
kzkm-aYy-n \np am{Xw PK-n-s-
sbmw DXv ] - n- - n- X n- - { ]- f - b -
p am- c n \npw klmbw kzoI- c n-
m; {_mhvPK-nse hnhn[ ]ZmY--
fpsS {kjvSm-hv, hnjvWp kh{X hym]nv
kwc-n-p-, alm-tZ-h kh-tZ-h-m-cp-
sSbpw tZh. cp{Z {]f-bI - mhv apX-emb
\mamY- sf Xn [mcWw sN- W w.
AXm-bXv henb {]hr-n-I sImv hen-b-
h- \ m- I p- I , kaY- c n kaY\m- h p- I ,
kmaYys hn-n-p-I, A[w Hcn-
epw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I, Fm-h-tcmSpw Zbhp
Imp-I, kh-hn[ kma-{Kn-Ifpw kaY-am-n-
h-bvp-I, inev]-hn-Zy-bm hnhn-[-]-ZmY--fp-
m-p-I, Fm-hc - p-tSbpw kpJ-Zpx-J
Xn\p Xpey-ambn Icp-Xp-I, Fm-h-tcbpw kwc-
n-p-I, hnZzm-m-cn hv hnZzm-\m-hp-I,
ZpjvIw sNm-Xn-cn-p-I, sNp--hsc
inn-p-I, k-\-sf cn-pI Cs\
Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia kz`m-h - sf \ma-f
\n-dnv AXn-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn kzw KpW-
Ia-kz-`m-h-sf cq]-s-Sp-p--XmWv Cuiz-
c-\m-a-kva-c-Ww.
Kpcp alm-fly-J-WvU\w
tNmZyw:- Kpcp{_m Kpcphn-jvWpKp-
cptZthm atl- i zcx Kpcp- t ch ]cw- { _
Xkvssa {ioKp-cpth \ax 124 CXymZn Kpcp-am-
lmflyw kXy-at? Kpcp-hns ImI-gpIn
tkhn- p- I , Bm- ] n- p- - X p- t ]mse
{]hn-p-I, Kpcp AXym-{K-ln-sb-n hma-
\-Xp-eyw, t{Im[n-sb-n \c-knw-l-Xp-eyw,
tamln-bm-sW-n cma-Xp-eyw, Iman-bm-sW-n
IrjvW-Xpeyw Kpcp-hns\ Icp-X-Ww. Kpcp
Fp ]m]w sNbvXmepw Xn--d-b-cp-Xv. Kpcp-
hns\ ImWp-hm t]mIp-tm hbvp
Hmtcm Imshbv]pw Aiz-ta-[-ns ^ew
\Ip--Xm-Wv. CXv icn-bmtWm?
Dcw:- icn-b-. {_m, hnjvWp, atl-
iz-c Fnh Cuiz-cs t]cp-I-fm-Wv. Cuiz-
c\p Xpey-\mb Kpcp Hcn-epw Dm-hp-I-bn-
. Cu Kpcp-am-lm-flyhpw Kpcp-Ko-Xbpw henb
t]mp-eo-e-bm-Wv. amXmhv, ]nXmhv, BNm-cy,
124. Kpcp-KoX
kXym-{]-Im-iw
- nam AXnYn Fn-hmWv Kpcp kw tbmPn-
p-X - v. Ahsc ip{iq-jn-p-I. hnZybpw in-
\S- Whpw t\SpI Fnh injy-sbpw \evtI-
Xv Kpcp- h n- s bpw IS- a - b m- W v . Fm
tem`nbpw t{Im[nbpw tamlnbpw Iman-bp-amb
Kpcp-hns\ khYm XyPn--Ww. km[m-cW
in-sImv t\sc-bm-Ip-n-s-n ALy-
]m-Zy- AXm-bXv XmU-\hpw ]oU-\hpw
{]mW-l-c-Whpw hsc sNp--Xn tZmj-an-
. hnZymZn kZvKp-W--fn-e Kpcp-Xz-an-cn-p--
sXp ]d-bp-Ibpw AkXyw ]d-bp-Ibpw ame
XneIw apX-em-bh [cn-p-Ibpw thZ-hn-cp--
amb Imcy- D]-tZ-in-p-Ibpw sNp--h
Kpcp-h-. A-s\-bp--h Bn-S-b\p Xney-
\m-Wv. CS-b\v BSp-I-fn \n ]mepw ap
- Xt- {]tbm-Pfpw Inp--Xp-t]mse Chpw
injy-m-cp-sSbpw injy-I-fp-sSbpw [\-a-]-l-
cnv kzw Imcyw \nh-ln-m Ign-bp-p.
Kpcp-tem-`n, iny-\o, kncp-hcpw tIfn-
bmSpw Itm-Wn-bn-te-do-n-h appp
- n `h kmKtc Fp sNmp-v. 125 injy-\n
\ns-s-nepw Inpw. Inp--Xm-Is Fp
Kpcphpw Imn-q-p Zpjv-fn \nv
]m]-tam-N\w \evIm Kpcp klm-bn-p-sav
injy\pw Icp-Xp-p. Cu I]-S-ap-\n-I cpw
I
- - p-sIm-p-m-nb tXmWn-bn Ib-dn-bh -
apn-ac - n-p-X
- p-t]m-se, `h-km-Kc -
- n apn-
a-cn-p-p. Ccw Kpcp-in-jy-m-cpsS hmbn
a-Sn-b-s. Ah-cpsS kao]w \nevpIt]mep-
a-cp-Xv. \nevp-h - ZpxJ-ka- p-{Z-n ]Xn-pw.
]pcm-W-mcpw ]qPm-cn-Ifpw IqSn Dm-nb
t]mp eoe t]mse-X-s-bmWv Cu CS-b-Kp-
cp--mcpw Hmtcmp ]d-p-m-n-bn-p--
Xv. CsXmw kzmYn-I-fpsS ]Wn-bm-Wv. ]c-
amYn-I-fm-b-h kzbw ZpxJw A\p-`-hn-mepw
temI-n\v D]-Imcw sNp-Xv \np-Itb
C. Kpcp-am-lmflyw Kpcp KoX apX-em-b-h-
sbmw tem`n-Ifpw ZpjvIan-I-fp-amb I]S
Kpcp--m-cpsS krjvSn-bm-Wv.
18. ]pcm-W-fpw {_m-W-{K--fpw
125. tem`o Kpcp emeNo tNem tZmt\w tJte-Zmhv
`h-km-Kta- Uq_vtX ss_Tv ]Y Io \mhv
126. alm-`m-cXw BZn-]hw 3.267. a\p-kvarXn 3.232
OmtmKy D]-\n-jv 7.1.4. iX-]Yw 13.4.3.13
253
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
tNmZyw:- 1. Ajv S m- Z i ]pcm- W m\mw
Icvm kXy-hXo kpXx 2. CXn-lmk ]pcm-
Wm`ymw thZmcvY-ap-]-_rw-l-tb-Xv. (a-lm-`m-c-
Xw) 3. ]pcm-Wm\n Jnem-\nN (a-\p) 4. CXn-
lmk ]pcmWx ]tam thZm\mw thZx (Om-
tmKyw 5 Zitafl\n InnXv ]pcm-W-am-N-
o-X. 6. ]pcmW hnZym-thZx (kq-{Xw) 126
1. ]Xn-s\p ]pcm-W--fp-sSbpw Imhv
hymk-\m-Wv. hymk-h-N-\- \n-b-ambpw
{]am-W-am-bn-cn--Ww. 2. CXn-lmkw (a-lm-
`m- c - X w) ]Xn- s \p ]pcm- W - Fn- h -
sImv thZmYw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-n-p-
Ibpw thWw. Fs-m Ah thZmYm-
\p-Iq-e-am-Wv. 3. ]nXr-Ia-n ]pcmWw
(Jnew AY-hm) lcn-hw-i-nse IY {ihn-
-Ww. 4. CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-W-sf ]-a-th-
Z-sap ]d-bp-p. 5. Aiz-ta[ kam-]vXn-bn
]mw \m Ipdv ]pcm-WIY tI-Ww.
6. ]pcm-W-hnZy thZmY-t_m-[-I-am-I-bm
thZw Xs-bm-Wv. CXymZn {]am-W--fm
]pcm-W--fpsS {]mam-Wyhpw Ch-bpsS {]am-
W-fm hn{K-lm-cm-[-\, XoY-, Fn-
h-bpsS {]mam-Wyhpw Dv.
Dcw:- Cu ]Xn-s\p ]pcm-W--fpsS
Imhv hymk-\m-bn-cp-s-n Ah-bn
C{X-tbsd hnUvVn--c- Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-
n-. Fs-m imco-cn-I-kq-{Xw, tbmK-im-
kv{X-`m-jyw, apX-emb hymk-Ir-X-{K--
Im hymk alm-hn-Zzm\pw kXy-hm-Znbpw
tbmKn- b p- a m- b n- c p- s p hy- a m- I p- p- v .
Atlw Ccw I--Y-I Hcn-epw Fgp-
Xp-In-. ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp k{-Zm-b--fpsS
Bmcpw `mK-h-XmZn {K--fpsS cN-bn-
Xm--fp-amb Ch-cn hymks KpW-
tei-am-{X-t]mepw C. thZ-imkv{X hncp--
amb Ak-Xy-hm-Z- Fgp-Xp-Xv hymk-t\-
tm-ep hnZzm-m-cpsS tPmen-b-. Cu tPmen
hncp--m-cpw, kzmYn-Ifpw AhnZzm-m-cp-am-b-
h-cp-sS-bm-Wv.
CXn-lm-kw, ]pcm-Ww, apX-em-bh inh-]p-
cm-Wm-Zn-I-fpsS t]c-, ]nstbm {_mlvaWm-
\nXnlmkm ]pcm-Wm-\n Iev]m KmYm
127. ssXo-cob Bc-WyIw 2.9.
(B-c-Wy-I-fpw {_m-Wm-K-X--fm-Wv)
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
\mcm-iw-ko-cnXv 127. CXp {_m-W - f - n-sebpw
kq{X--fp-sSbpw hN-\-am-Wv. sFX-tc-bw, iX-
]-Yw, kmaw, tKm]Yw Fo {_m-W--fpsS
Ap t]cp-I-fmWv CXn-lm-kw, ]pcm-Ww,
Iev]w, KmY, \mcm-iwkn Fn-h. CXn-lm-
kw P\-I bm-h-evIy Fn-h-cpsS
kwhmZw t]mep--h. ]pcmWw PK-Zp-Xv]n
apX-em-bh- b
- psS hW-\w. Iev]w thZ-i_ - vZm-
Zn-I-fpsS AY \ncq-]Ww hW\ apX-em-bh.
KmY DZm-l-c-W- DZm-l-cnv IY-I ]d-
bp-I. \mcm-iwko a\p-jy-cpsS {]iw-k-\o-
bhpw Am--Xp-amb {]hr-n-I BJym-
\n- 128 Ch-bn \nv thZmY-t_m[w
Dm-Ip-p.
]nXr-Iaw AYhm m\n-I-fpsS {]iwk
tIp- I - s b- Yw. Aiz- t a- [ m- - n
CXmWv tIt--Xv. Fs-m hymk-Ir-
amb ]pcm-W - tIbpw tIn-p-Ibpw
sNp-Xv At-l-ns Ime-ti-j-amsX
128. {ioi--cm-Nm-cy _rl-Zm-c-Wy-tIm-]-\n-j-Zv`m-jy-
n (2.4.10) CXn-lm-k-]p-cm-W--fpsS DZm-l-c-
Ww, ]pcq-c-h-kn-sbpw Dh-in-bp-sSbpw kwhm-Zw.
Dhin A]vk-c-bm-Wv. C{]-Imcw {_m-W-n
Dv. ]pcm-W-n-\p-Zm-l-cWw AkZzm CZ-a{K
BkoXv apX-em-bh - . Fn-s\ {_m-Wm-K-
X-am-bh \In-bn-cn-p-p.
129. thZ-im-J-I-fp-sSbpw {_m-W--fp-sSbpw {]h-
N\w BZyjn-bmb {_jn-bpsS Imew apX
\S-n-cp-p. CX-h-km-\n-Xv IrjvW-ssZz-]m-b\
hymks injy-{]-in-jy-m-cpsS Ime-m-Wv. Cv
e`y-amb {_m-W-{K---fn sFX-tcbw Hgn-
sI-bp-h Ah-cpsS {]h-N-\-am-Wv. {_m-W-
fpw Iev]-kq-{X-fpw {]mNo-\hpw Ahm-No-
\hpw Dv. ]mWn-\ob kq{X-nse ]pcmW
t{]mtjp {_mW Ievt]jp F kq{Xw
CXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv. (A-[ymbw 4,2,105) emSym-b\
{iuX-kq-{X-nse XYm N ]pcmWw XmWvUav
(7,10 10) F kq{Xhpw CXns\ ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-
p. sshbm-I-c-W-m-cpsS hymJym-\-{]-Imcw
`mh, imSym-b-\, sFX-tc-b, `mKp-cn-am {]h-Nn-
h ]pcmW {_m-W-fpw ss]MvK BcpW
]cm-P-t{]m-w, Iev]-hp-am-Wv. hmevaoIn apX-emb
alnjn-am-scbpw hymk-m-cm-bm-Wv KWn-n-cn-
p-Xv. (hm-bp-]p-cmWw 23 114) Adn-hns\ hykn--
h--A-f--h FY-n-emhmw Cu hymk-_n-
cpZw. Cv D]-e-_v[-amb {_m-W-{K--fnse
{]h-N-\--f-[n-Ihpw {]No\w Xs-bm-Wv. hymk-
in-jy-m \ho-\-amb It]m-e-I-ev]n-X--sfmpw
\nn-p-hm Bh-iy-amb Kpcp-Xz-tZmjw kzmb-
-am-n-bn-cp-n-s-Yw.
254
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
apv km[n-p-I-bn--tm. hymk P\n-p--
Xn\p app Xs thZmYw ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-
n-p-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. AXn-
\m AXn- { ]m- N o- \ - a mb {_m- W - { K- -
sf 129 kw_-np am{Xta CXv kw`-hy-am-
hp-I-bp-q. \ho-\-amb {ioa-Zv`m-K-hXw inh-]p-
cmWw apX-emb anYym-`q-jnX {K--fn
CXn\p kw`m-hy-X-bn-.
hymk\pw thZ-hym-k\pw
hymk-a-ljn thZw ]Tn--bpw, thZmYw
{]N-cn-n-bpw sNbvX-Xp-sIm-mWv thZ-hym-
k-s\ t]cn-l-\m-b-Xv. ]mcm-hm-c-ns
a[y-tc-J-bvmWv hymk-sap ]d-bp--Xv.
EtKz-Zm-cw`w apX AYh thZmw hsc ]Tn-
n-p. ipI-tZ-h, ssPan\n XpS-nb injy-
msc ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A\yYm At-
l-ns P-\maw Irjv-W-ssZz-]m-b-\-s\-m-
bn- c p- p. thZ- sf hymk Hn- p-
tNsp ]d-bp-Xp I-am-Wv. Fs-
m ]nXm--]n-Xm-a-l--]-c-]n-Xm-a-l Bb
]cm-ic - , in-hk - n-jvT, {_m 130 BZn-bm-
b-h NXpth-Z- ]Tn-bpw ]Tn-n-p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-cns CsX-s\ tbmPnpw?
inh-]p-cm-Whpw apw
tNmZyw:- ]pcm-W--fnse Imcy--sfmw
Itam Iptd-sbms kXytam?
Dcw:- hf-sc-sbmw Iw. Nne-sXmw
Hn-gv A-ca - m-Ipw-]Sn kXy-hp-am-Wv. kXy-
am-b-sXmw thZmZn kXy-im-kv{X--fn-te-Xm-
Wv. I-samw Cu t]m-m-cpsS ]g-p-cm-
W--fp-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-n\v, inh-]p-cm-W-
n inhs\ kth-iz-c-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-v,
hnjvWp, {_m-hv, KtW-i, C{, kqcy
apX-em-b-hsc inhs Zmk-m-cmbn ssih-
m ]cn- K - W n- p- p. sshjv W - h - c m- I - s ,
hnjvWp-]p-cm-Wm-Zn-I-fn hnjvWp-hns\ ]c-am-
flm-hmbn KWnv inh-t\bpw apw Zmk-m-cm-
p-p. tZhn `mK-h-X-n tZhnsb kth-
iz-cn-bmbpw inh, hnjvWp apX-em-b-h-tcbpw
KtW-i-J-WvU-n KtW-is\ Cuiz-c\pw
as-m-h-tcbpw In-c-mcpw Bp-p. CXv
130. Cu Ipe-]-c-c alm-`m-c-X-nepw apw hWn-n-
p-v. ChnsS ]d-bp {_m BZyjn-b-m-bn-cn--
Ww.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Hmtcm hn`m- K - m- c psS {]hr- n- b - s - n
]ns-mWv? Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy Dm-
n-bm t]mepw Ccw ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp--amb
Imcy- hcm ]mSn-m--Xm-bn-cns hnZzm-
m-cp-m-n-bm-es Imcyw ]d-tb--Xn--
tm. Ch-bn Hp icn-sb-n atXv Iw.
cm-a-t-XmWv icn-sb-n aqm-a-tXp
Iw. aqm-a-t-XmWv icn-sb-n asmw
I-am-Wv. inh-]p-cm-W-m inh-\n \npw,
hnjvWp-]p-cm-W-m hnjvWp-hn \npw,
tZho ]pcm-W-m tZhn-bn \npw KtW-i-
J-WvU-m KtW-i-\n \npw kqcy-]p-cm-
W-m kqcy-\n \npw hmbp ]pcm-W-m
hmbp-hn \npw krjvSn-bpsS DXv]-nbpw
{]f-bhpw Dm-Ipp Fs-gp-Xn-bn-v, hopw
PK- Z p- X v ] - n- b v p- f f Imc- W - - s f- n
{]tXyIw {]tXyIw Hmtcm-n \nm-sWv
FgpXn-bn-p-v.
PK-ns DXv]-nbpw nXnbpw {]f-
bhpw \S-p-Xv DXv] -- am-hptam Fpw,
AXp krjvSn-bpsS Imc-W-am-Iptam Fpw
tNmZnp t\mp-I. hmb-Sv Ccn-p-I-b-msX
Chv t]mwh-gn-bn. Ch-cp-sS-sbmw ico-c--
ns DXv]n CXn \nm-I-bm Ch-sc-
s\ kzico-c-n \nv ]cn-n--ambn
kwkm- c - ns DXv ] - nbv v Imc- W - ` q- X -
ambn? IqSmsX PK-Zp-Xv]-n-bpw, khYm
Akw- ` - h - a m- b n- c npw hw hne- - W hpw
Bbn-cn-p-Xp t\mq.
inh-]p-cm-W-nse krjvSn
inh- ] p- c m- W - n ]d- b pp: F\np
krjvSn-W - s- av inh B{K-ln-p. Atm
\mcm-bW Pem-ibw Dm-n. AXns \Spv
Xma-c-tbbpw Xma-c-bn {_m-hn-t\bpw Dm-
n. kh{X Pe-a-b-am-sWv {_mhp Ip.
Hcp ssIp-n shw-tImcn t\mn Xncn-
sm-gn-p. AXn \nv Hcp Ipanf Dm-bn.
Ipan-f-bn \nv Hcp ]pcp-j {]Xy--\m-bn.
B ]pcp-j {_m-hn-t\m-Sv, ]p{Xm \o krjvSn
\S-pI Fp ]d-p. Atm Rm \ns
]p{X-\-, \osbs ]p{X-\mWv Fp {_mhv
D-c-a-cp-fn. CXn-t hnhm-Z-am-bn. Znhy-k-
l{k hj-]-cyw Cu hnhmZw Ccp-hcpw
Xn \S-p. krjvSn-m thn Rm
Ab Ccp-hcpw Xn At\ym\yw el-fbpw
255
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
hg- p- a m- W tm Fv inh Nnn- p.
Atm Ahn-cp-hpw a[y-n tXtPm-
a- b - a mb Hcp enMv K w Dmbn hp. AXv
s]sv BIm-i-t-p-t]m-bn. AXp-Iv
Ccp- h cpw B- c y- s - p. CXns BZnbpw
Ahpw Adnv BZyw hcp--h ]nXm-hpw,
Adn-bm-sXtbm kmn-bn-m-sXtbm hcp--
h ]p{X\pw Bbn-cn-p-sapw Xocp-am-\nv
hnjv W p- I q- c q- ] - s a- S pv Xmtgbv pw
{_mhv lwk- c q- ] - s a- S pv apI- f n- t epw
t]mbn. Ccp-hcpw Znhy-k-l{k hj-]-cyw
at\m- t h- K - n k- c n- npw BZnbpw
Ahpw In-. Atm Xmsg-\nv hnjvWp-
ap- I - f ntepw {_mhv Xmtgpw Xncnp
]pds-p. hnjvWp kmn-bp-ambn hs-n
Xm ]p{X-\m-I-W-atm Fv {_mhv hnNm-
cn-p-sIm-n-cn-th Hcp ]iphpw ssIX-s-
Snbpw apI-fn \nv Cd-n-h-p. \n
FhnsS \nv hcp-sv {_mhv tNmZn-p.
R Bbncw hj--fmbn Cu enMvKs
B[mc-amn k-cn-p-h-cn-I-bm-sWv Ah
]d-p. Cu enMvK-n\v A-aptm Fv
{_mhv Bcm-p. "C' Fv Ah-cp-cw
]d-p. \n \tm-sSmw hv, Rm Cu
enMvK-n-t oc-[mc hjn-p-sIm-n-cn-
p-Ib - m-bn-cp-p Fp kmn ]d-bWw Fp
]ip-hn-t\m-Spw, Rm ]pjv]m-RvPen \S-p-
I-bm-bn-cpp Fp kmn ]d-bWw Fp
ssIX- t bmSpw BPvRm- ] n- p. As\
sNp ]w \nsf icn-bmb m\-s-
n-m-sav {]tem-`\w \Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.
I-kmn ]d-bm R Xm-dn-s-mbn
Ah. {_mhv Ip]n-X\ - m-bn, kmn-]d- b
- m--
]w \nsf `kva-amnfbpw Fp `b-
s-Sp-n. `b Ah kmn ]d-bm-sav
k-Xn-p. aqhcpw IqSn Xmtgp bm{X-bm-bn.
{_mhv sN-tm-tgpw hnjvWp lmP-cm-
bn-cp-p. \n CXn-w Ipthm Fv
{_mhv hnjvWp-hn-t\mSp tNmZnp Csv
hnjvWp ]d--tm "Rm Ip' Fmbn
{_m-hv. ""kmn-Xcq'' Fv hnjvWp ]d-p.
Atm ]iphpw ssIXbpw, R enMvK-
ns inc-n-em-bn-cpp Fp kmn-]-d-
p. Atm enMvK-n \nv i_vZ-ap-
bp \o AkXyw ]d sNSn-bm-Wv. \ns
]qhv Fttbm ap tZh-X-I-fp-tStbm ]qPbvv
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
D]-tbm-Kn-msX t]mIs; D]-tbm-Kn-p
]w Ah apSn- s m- S p- pw, Fv
ssIXsb i]n-p. GsXmcp hmbv sImv \o
Iw ]d-p-thm, B hmbv sImv \o aew
`n-pw. \ns apJs Bcpw ]qPn-msX
t]mIs Fm ]n `mKw ]qPn--s-Spw
Fp ]iphn-t\bpw i]np Iw ]d
\ns Bcpw ]qPn-n Fp {_m-hns\
i]n-nv kXyw ]d \ns kh{X ]qPn-
s Fv hnjvWp-hn\v hcw \evIn XpSv
Ccp-hcpw enMvKs kvXpXn-p. AXn-\m
{]k--amb enMvK-n\nv Hcp PSm-bp--
\mb cq]w {]Xy--sv tNmZnp: \nsf
Rm krjvSn-Xv temI-krjvSn \S-p-hm
thn-bm-Wv. \n-sf-n\v At\ym\yw hg-
np?'' R kma- { Kn- s bmpw CmsX
F- s \- b mWv krjv S n- p- - s Xv Ah
tNmZn--tm PS-bn \nv Hcp-cpf `kva-sa-
Spp sImSp-nv t]mIq, CXp-sImv krjvSn-
\-Sp Fv inh Acp-fn-sN-bvXp. CXmWv
IY. krjvSn-X-ztam ]-a-lm-`q-X-tfm
Cm-Xn-cp--tm {_mhpw hnjvWp-hpw,
alm-tZ-h-i-co-chpw Pehpw Xma-cbpw enMvKhpw
]iphpw ssIXbpw `kva-bp-bpw \n-fpsS
]nXm-a-l-m-cpsS Xd-hm-n \np hp hoW-
XmtWm Fv Cu ]pcmW cN-bn-Xm--tfmSv
tNmZn-m `wKn-bmbn!
`mK-h-X-nse krjvSn
Cw Xs `mK-h-X-n ]d-bp-Xp
t\mp-I. hnjvWp-hns \m`n-bn \np Xma-
c, Xma-c-bn\nv {_m-hv, {_m-hns he-
Xp-Im-ens s]cp-hn-c-en\nv kzbw-`q. CS-
Xp-Im-ens s]cp-hn-ce
- n \nv iX-cq-]m-dmWn;
s\n-bn \nv cp{Z. acoNn XpS-nb ]p-
]p-{X-mcpw Ah-cn \nv ]p {]Pm-]-Xn-
Ifpw Dm-bn. Ah-cpsS ]Xn-aqp I\y-I-Isf
Iiy-] hnhmlw Ign-p. Ah-cn ZnXn-bn
\nv ssZXy-, Z\p-hn \nv Zm\-h, AZn-
Xn-bn \n BZn-Xy, hn\-X-bn \nv
]n-I, I{Zp-hn \nv k]-. kc-a-
bn \nv izm\mcpw Idp-\-cn-I-fpw, BZn-bm-
bh Dm-bn. ap kv{XoI-fn \nv B\, IpXn-
c, H-Iw, Igp-X, Fcp-a, ]pv, apf, apa-c
apX-em-b-hbpw Dm-bn.
sImmta! sImmw. Fp-]-d-bm-\mWv
256
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
`mK-h-X-Im-hmb Pev]-in-tcm-atW! C-
s\-bp I-Y-I Fgp-Xn-bp-m-p-hm
\nv itbm etbm Cm-Xm-bn-tm-
b- t m. sImSpw Ipcp- S - \ m- b n- o- t m.
kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS ctPm-ho-cy-kw-K-a-m
a\p-jy-cp-m-Ipw. ]t Cuiz-cs krjvSn-
{I-a- n\p hncp-a
- mbn ]ip, ]n, kw apX-
em- b h Ftm- s g- nepw Dm- I ptam?
B\bvpw H- I - n\pw knwl- n\pw
]npw IgpXbv pw hrm- Z n- I pw
kv{XobpsS K`m-i-b-n hf-cm e-sa-
hnsS? knwlm-Zn-Ifpw ap-ap-mbn A-\--
amsc Xnp If-bm--sXv? a\p-jy-i-co-c-
n \nv ]ip arKm-Zn-I Dm-hp-I-sb--
sX-s\ kw`-hy-amIpw? C-c - m-cp-m-nb
alm Akw-`-hy--fmb eoe-I-fn Cpw
temI-sc-mSpw IpSp-n--d-n--gn-bpXv
kSw Xs. Cu alm-I-- Cu t]m-
mcpw AI-pw ]pdw Ipw s]mnb Ah-
cpsS injy-mcpw tIp hniz-kn-p-p-m-
hptam Ftm? Ch a\p-jy-cmtWm ap h-
Xp-amtWm Fv B-cy-s-Sp-I-X-s-th-Ww.
Cu `mK- h - X mZn ]pcm- W - - f p- m- n- b - h
Dmb DSs\ K`-n hv Ae-kn-tm-Im-
- s X- mWmthm? AYhm P\n- - t m
Xs acn- m- - s Xv ! Fs- m Cu
t]m- m- c n \nv cs- n- c p- s - n
Bcym-h-tZiw ZpxJ--fn \nv ap-am-
Ip-am-bn-cp-p.
krjvSn-{I-a-n\v hncpw Akm[yw
tNmZyw: CXn-sempw sshcpyw C.
Ap I- X ns\ hmgvp- - h
\mbvtmew sIn-Ip-cb - vpp Ft-bp-q.
131. "]pfp' a[y-tI-c-f-nse Hcp {]tbm-K-am-Wv. CXn\v
Hcp-Zm-l-cWw ]d-bmw. ""Rm \Zn--c-bn sN-
tm ]mew XIp hoWn-cp-p. A-c-sb-
m Hcp amKhpw In-. hnj-anv Ap-
anpw t\mp-tm Hcp a[p-c-n-g-n hn
Ip. AsX-Spv \Zn--c-bn \p. DSt\ a[p-c-
n-gp hfp. hfv hfv \Zn-bpsS apI-fn-
eqsS A-c-sb-n, AXns ]pdp IqSn \Sv
C-c-sb-n. B a[p-c-n-gv apdn-p-sImv
t]mcm--sX-m-sWp tNmZn--cp-Xv.
AscsNv apdn-m Csc Fs\ hopw
hcpw? AXpw t]mIs Fp `mc-am-bn-cn-p-a-Xn\v!
Fs\ Npap sImp hcpw?'" CXmWv ]pfp
(ln-n--Kv)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
hnjvWp-hns\ kvXpXn-m XpS-n-bm
hnjv W p Cuiz- c , ap- - h Zmk- m.
inhs KpW-Km\w XpS-n-bm inhs\
Cuiz-c\pw CX-csc In-c-cp-am-pw. kth-
iz-cs amb-bn Fpw \S-pw. a\p-jy-
\n \nv arK--fp-sSbpw DXv]n Cuiz-
c\v sNm-hp--tX-bp-q. Imc-W-an-msX
kzw amb-bn \nv krjvSn Dm-n-bXp
ImWq. CXn-se-mWp Akw-`hyw? sNm-
\n-n-p--sXtm AXp sNbvXn-cn-pw.
Dcw: km[p-a-\p-jytc! A-p-I--
Xns\ hmgvn Ipc-bvp \mbvtImew sIp-
-h, hmgvp--hs\ hen-b-h-\mtbm ap--
hsc sNdn-b-h-cmtbm Iv sNdn-b-hsc \nn-
p- n- . hmgv p- - h s\ Fm- h - c p- t Sbpw
]nXm-hm-p-p-an-. \n kvXpXn-]m-T-I-tc-
mfpw hnZq-j-I-tc-mfpw A[nIw ]pfp 131
hNn-p--h-cmtWm Atbm? ]nm-se-Iq-Sn-
hm-t\mfw ]pI-gvp--hcpw hntcm-[-ap--hsc
CI- g v p- h- c p- a t \n? \nv
kXyhpw [ahpw sImsp {]tbm-P\w?
\nv \n- f psS kzmYX sImt
{]tbm-P-\-apq? amb a\p-jy-\n am{Xta
Dm-Im hbvq. NXn-b\pw I-\p-am-b-h-
\t{X ambm-hn. kth-iz-c-\n NXnbpw Im]-
Sy-hp-an-m--Xp-sImv ambm-hn-b-. BZn-kr-
jvSn-bn Iiy-]-tbpw `mcy-am-cp-sSbpw ]n-
ar-Km-Zn-Ifpw k-hr-m-Zn-Ifpw Dm-sb-n
Cs-p-sImv As\ km-\--fp-m-Ip-
n? t\ct Fgp-Xn-h--Xp-t]mse Xs-
bmWv icn-bmb krjvSn-{I-aw. 132
`mK-h-X-Im-c\p ]nb Aafn
`mK-h-X-Im-c\v Aafn ]n-tm-b-Xm-sWv
A\p-am-\n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. iX-]-Y-{_m--W-
n XkvamXv Imiy]y Cam {]Pmx 133
Fs-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. Iiy]x IkvamXv ]iytIm
`h-XoXn ImWp--h-\m-I-sImv Iiy-]-
s\p t]cmbn Fp \ncp- n. krjv S n-
Im-hmb kth-iz-cs t]cv Iiy-]
Fm-bXv ]iy-I\ - m-bX- p-sIm-m-Wv. AXm-bXv
]iy-\oXn ]iyx ]iy-Gh ]iyIx (Im-gvN-
132. Fmw kap-mkw t\mp-I.
133. Xkvam-Zmlpx kcvmx {]Pmx Imiy] 7.5.1.5.
134. alm-`mjyw 3.1.123.
257
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
m-c ImWp--h. ImWp--h-\t{X ]iy-
I) {`a-c-ln-X-\mbn kIe Ncm-N-c-P-K-n-t\-
bpw, kIe Pohm-flm, Ah-cpsS Ia-
kI-e-hn-Zy-I Fn-h-tbbpw Aw Xs
ImWp-h Fw. alm-`mjynse
BZy hn]-cy-bm- 134 F hN-\-{]-Im-c-
hpw, BZy- cw Ah- k m- \ hpw Ah- k m\
hWw BZyhpw hv ]iy-I-\n \nv Iiy-
] Dm-Ip-p. CXn-w a\-n-em-ImsX
Im-hn IpSp--bpsS el-cn-bn, kzw
Pw krjvSn-hn-cp Imcy- ]d-bm sNe-
h-gn-p.
am-WvtUb ]pcm-a-nse Zpm ]mT-
n tZh-m-cpsS ico-c-n \np-mb
tXP-n \nv tZhn Dmbn aln-jm-kp-cs\
sImp Fs-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p. AXp-t]mse
c-_o-Ps ico-c-nse Hmtcm Xpn-tmc
\nep hogp-tmgpw Hmtcm c-_o-P-m-cp-
mbn PKv Ah-cm \nd-s-pw, cp[n-c-
\-Zn-sbm-gp-In-sbpw apw Htsd ]pfp FgpXn
\nd- n- p- v . c- _ o- P - m- s c- s mv PK-
smw \nd--tm tZhnbpw tZhn-bpsS
knwlhpw ssk\yhpw Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cpp?
tZhn-bn \nv Zqsc-bm-bn-cpp c-_o-P-m-
scp ]d-bp ]w PK-p-ap-gp-h Ah-sc-
smv \nd- n- c p- n- tm? \nd- n- c p-
sp ]d-bp ]w Atm ]n-ar-Km-
Zn- I fpw a\p- j ycpw Pe- nse apX- e bpw
Babpw aym-Zn-Ifpw FhnsS nXn sNbvXn-
cpp? Hcp ]t ZpKm-]mTw Fgp-Xn-bp-m-
nb t]mns hon A`bw tXSn-sbv
hnNm-cn-t-n-bn-cn-pp. Imhp-e-l-cn-bn-
se-gp-Xn-q-nb Ccw Akw-`-hy-I-Y-I-fpsS
]pfp ]c--cbvv Ahpw Adp-Xn-bp-an-.
{ioaXv `mK-h-X-]p-cmWw
Cv {ioaZv `mK-h-X-sap ]d-bp--Xnse
eoem-hn-em-k- tIp-sIm-q. {_m-hn\v
\mcm-b-W NXp-tm-Io-`m-K-hXw D]-tZ-in-p.
m\w ]ca Kplyw ta bZzn-m\ ka-
\zn-Xav, kc-lkyw XZ-MvK KrlmW KZnXw
abm 135 {_mth! \o Fs ]ca Kplyhpw
hnm-\k - - qWhpw [amY-Im-at- am- - -
135. `mK-hXw 2,9,30.
136 Sn. 10.13.14
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
fpsS AwKhpw Bb clky m\s
Fn \np {Kln-p-I. hnm-\-k-qW-
amb m\w Fp ]d-m ]ns ]c-a-
sa hnti-jWw hyY-am-Wv. Kply-sa
hnti-j-Ws XpSv clkyw ]p\-cp-n-
bm-Wv. aqe-tmIw Xs A\Y-I-am-bn-cnt
asmw ]ns-m-Im\mWv hgn? (`m-K-h-X-
ns aqew I-am-bn-cns hrhpw hymPw
Xs.) {_mhn\v hcw \evIn-b-t{X `hm
Iev] hnI-evt]jp \ hnaplyXn Icvln-NnXv
Av Iev]-nepw hnI-ev]-nepw krjvSn-
bnepw {]f-b-n-epw Hcn-epw tamls
{]m]n-p-I-bn-. 136 Cs\ Fgp-Xn-b-Xn\p
tijw tamln- X - \ mbn h- l h- c Ww
sNbvXp 137 Fpw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. CXn-semv
Ihpw atXv kXy-hp-am-IWw As-n
cpw If-hm-Wv.
sshIp-WvT-n cmK-tZzj Cujym-Zpx-Jm-
Zn-I Cm-Xn-cns k\-Im-Zn-Iv sshIp-
WvT-hm-XnevI hv tIm]w h-sX-s\?
t{Im[-ap-m-Ip-nSw kzK-a-. bPam-\s
B ]men-t-Xv Zzmc-]m-e-I-\mb Pb-
hn-P-b-m-cpsS IS-a-bm-bn-cp-p. Ah k\-Im-
Zn-Isf XS-s-n AXn Fp sXm-Wp-
-Xv. A]-cm-[n-If -
- m Chp im]-ta-evp-
hmt\ ]mSn-m-bn-cp-p. \n `qan-bn ]Xn-
s Fp i]n--Xn-\Yw AhnsS `qan Cm-
bn-cp-s-m-Wv. BIm-iw, hmbp, An, Pew,
IhmSw apX-em-bh Dm-bn-cp nXnv Ah
Fns\ B[m-c-amn \np? Pb-hn-P-b-m
k\-Im-Zn-Isf kvXpXn-nv tNmZnp: ""alm-
fl! R-sf-tm-gmWv C\n Xncnp sshIp-
Wv T - n hcp- Xv ? '' ""alm- h n- j v W p- hns\
kvt\l-]qw `Pn-m Ggmw Pnepw
hntcm- [ np `Pn- m aqmw P- nepw
sshIp-WvT-n-semw'' F-h ]d-p. 138
ChnsS Nnn-m-\p Imcyw Pb-hn-P-b-
m hnjvWp-hns `rXy-m-cm-sW-Xm-Wv.
Ahsc cn- p- I bpw klm- b n- p- I bpw
sNt-Xv hnjvWp-hns IS-a-bm-bn-cp-p.
sXp- s N- m- - Ahsc D]- { Z- h n- p- - h sc
inn-t-Xv bP-am-\s IS-a-bt? As-
137. `mK-hXw 3.15.16
138 `mK-hXw 3.15.16
139 Sn 3.17.18
258
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
n `rXy-hK-ns nXn F{Xtbm timN-
\o-b-amIpw? Fm-hcpw Ahsc sanp Ib-
dpw. Pb-hn-P-b-msc {]iw-kn-v, k\-Im-Zn-Isf
icnv inn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp hnjvWp sNt-
-Xv. AI- p-I-S --W -s a--h iTn- - sX-
n\v? `rXy-m-tcmSp hg--Sn--sX-n\v? i]n-
-sX-n\v? k\-Im-Zn-Isf `qan-bn hogvp-I-
bm- b n- c pp hnjv W p sNt- n- b n- c p- - X v .
C{Xbpw Acm-P-IXzw hnj-Wp-hns `h-\-
n Xs-bp--tm, At-l-ns tkh-
I-cmb sshjvW-hv F{X Zpi hmepw
A[n-I-am-hp-I-bn-. ]noSv Ah lnc-Wym-
\pw lnc-Wy-I-in-]p-hp-ambn P\n-t{X! 139
AXn lnc-Wym-s\ hcmlw sImp. A-
Y-bn--s\-bm-Wv `qansb Hcp sa Npcp-p-
-Xp-t]mse sXdpv Xe-bn-Wb - mn hv InS-
p-d-n lnc-Wym-. hcm-lm-h-Xmcw [cn
hnjvWp sImp-sImv `qansb Dbn. lnc-
Wym- DWp. Ccp-hcpw Xn bp-am-
bn. hcmlw lnc- W ym- s\ sImp
hogvn. 140
`qan tKmf-amtWm ]c--XmtWm Fm-
cm\pw tNmZn-m ChnsS D-ca - n-. Cu ]ucm-
Wn-I `qan-im-kv{X-hn-cp-m-cm-Wv. `qansb
Npcpns-dpv Xe-bn-W-bm-n-bnv InS--sX-
hn-sb-bm-Wmthm! {ioam hcmlw Imep-d-nv
HmSn- h - Xv Fnq- S n- b mWv ? `qansb
hcmlw sImn Dbn-b-tm, Ccp-hcpw
]ns-hn-sS-\n-mWv bpw sNbvXXv? ]t
t]m-tlw Fhn-sS-n-S-m-Wmthm Dd-n-
bXv? ]pfp-hns hon ]pfp-h AXn-Yn-bmbn
hm ]nsmw ]pp-fp-hm-Wv. ]pfp-hn\v Hcp
Ipdhpw hcn-m-sb-Yw.
C\n-bp-Xv lnc-Wy-I-in-]p-hm-Wv. Abm-
fpsS aI- \ mb {]m- Z `- \ m- b n- c p- p.
Ipnsb ]Tn- m ]mT- i m- e - b n- e - b - p.
thsdmpw ]Tn-msX cma-cma Fs-gp-Xn--
cm A[ym-]-I-tcm-Sm-h-iy-s-p. CXdn
A Fs i{Xp-hns\ \osb-n\p `Pn-
pp Fp tNmZnv `b- s - S p- n. Ipn
AsXmpw hI-h-n-. {Ip-\mb lnc-Wy-I-
in]p Ipnsb Imep-I sIn ]h-X--fn
\nv Xmtgbvpw InW-dp-If - n-tepw Fdn-p.
140. Kcp-U-]p-cmWw D-c-JWvUw 26.3
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]t Ipnv bmsXmpw kw`- h n- n- .
Atm Hcp Ccp-p-Xq Npp-]-gp-nv \ns
cma Ds-n Cu Ccp-p-Xq-Wn ]nSn-m
s]mm-Xn-cn-pw. ]nSnv ImW-s. s]mptam
Fp {]m-Z\p kwi-b-am-bn. Atm `K-
hm Xs amb-bm XqWnqSn Ddp-p-Isf
hcn-h-cn-bmbn \S-n-m-Wn-p. AXp-Iv
{]m-Z kss[cyw XqWnt\ Bt-jn-p.
s]sv cmbn ]nf XqWn \nv \c-
knwlw ]pd-p-hv lnc-Wy-I-in-]p-hns\ hb-
dp-]n-fp sImp. {]m-Zs\ emfn-p-Ibpw
hcw tNmZn-m Bh-iy-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
{]m-Z ]nXm-hns kZvKXn hc-ambn tNmZn-
p. 141\c-knwlw AXp \In-sbp am{X-a-
, \ns Ccp-]-smp ]qh-X-e-ap-d-m
kZv K Xn {]m]n- n- p- s p ]d- b p- I bpw
sNbvXp. 142 ]pfp-hns ktlm-Z-c ]pfp-hns\
Ipthm? `mK-hXw ]mcm-bWw sNp-Itbm
]mSp-Itbm sNp-h - c- n Bsc-sb-nepw ]nSn-
IqSn ]h-X-n\p apI-fn \nv Xmtg-p-cp-
n-bm c-s-Sp-I-bn-. Fsmw XIp
Xcn--W-ambn Nmhp-I-tb-bp-q. {]m-Zs
A Ahs\ ]Tn-m hnXv No-m-cy-
amtWm? ]Tn-m Xm-dm-ImsX sshcm-Kn-bm-
Im {ian-Xv aqV-X-bt? Npp-]-gp Ccp-
p-Xq-Wn-eqsS Ddp-p-I Cg-spw AXn
]nSn {]m-Z\v s]m-te-n-spw hniz-kn-
p--h-tc-qSn As\ sNn-t--Xm-Wv.
s]mm- - ] - w, {]m- Z \pw s]mn- b n-
sp Xocp-am-\n-mw. \c-knw-lhpw shp-
141. Cp {]Nm-c - n-ep `mK-hX -
- n Cu IYbvp
hyXym-kapv. Ccpp XqWnepw `K-hm-\p-sp
]d--tm lnc-Wy-I-in]p AXp shnn-fs-
m-Wv {]Nm-c-ap IY. ChnsS ]cm-ain-X-amb
IY AIv_-dpsS a{n-bm-bn-cp ss^Pn Xa
sNbvX t]jy `mjm `mK-h-X-n-ep-v.
AXns\-bmWv: lnc-\m-Ijv JivaKo ipZx ia-
iocw _c-Ii- o-Z h Zcvaymt\ knXqw KcvZm-\oZ JpcvZv
tamcvNx kyml BaZv Akvan-bmt\ knXqw _cv
Ba-Z. AYw: {Iq-\mb lnc-Wy-I-in]p hmfqcn.
sNdnb sNdnb Ipp-dp-p-I XqWn (kn-
Xq-
- mWp Xq-Wv) IqSn \S-p-Xp Ip. 1934
(G-{]n 26) {]kn-sSpnb Bcy-an{X F
amkn-I-bn "An-{]-Pzn-entX kvXwt` Ppx
t{iWym ]n]o-enIm \ {]ZKv[m ltc-c - X eoebm
F kwkvIr- X - t mIw ImWmw. CXs
aqehpw e`y-a-.
142. `mK-hXw 7.10.18
259
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
t]m- I m- - s X- mWv ? aqmw P- n
sshIp--n Xncn-s-p-sa hcw \evIn-
bXv k\-Im-Zn-I-fm-W-tm. Cmcyw \n-fpsS
\mcmbW ad-p-t]mtbm? `mK-h-X-nse
coXn-b-\p-k-cnv {_m-hv, {]Pm-]-Xn, Iiy-],
lnc-Wym-\pw lnc-Wy-I-in-]phpw \memw
Xe- a p- d - b n C- s \- b m- W tm P- { I- a w.
{]lvfm-Z\p ap]v Ccp-]s - mp Xe-apd Dm-
bn- n- . ]ns- - s \- b mWv Ccp- ] - s mv
]q Xe-ap-d-m kZvKXn {]m]n-sv ]d-
Xv? CXp ISp sXt? ]noSv AtX
lnc-Wym---ln-c-Wy-I-in-]p- cmhW Iqw`-
IW-m-cmbpw inip-]m-e--Z h{-m-cmbpw
P\n- s - n \c- k nwlw sImSp hcw
Ftmp ]d-p-t]m-bn. 143 Ccw {]am-Z - sm-Xp tImSn-tbm-P\ Np-f-hpv Fn-
sNbvIbpw tIbpw sNp-Xv {]am Z-- n-I-
fm-Wv, hnZzm-m-c-.
]qX-\, A{Iq-c Fn-hsc kw_-n
sIp-IY tIp sImpI:
""ctY\ hmbp-th-tK-\, 144 PKma-tKm-Ipew
{]Xn 145'' Iwks B-{]-Imcw hmbp thK-
n-tem-Sp IpXn-csb ]qnb cY-n A{Iq-
c cmhnse tKmIp-e-n-tebvp ]pd-s-p. 146
\mep ssa AI-se-bp tKmIp-e-n
AkvXa - n-m-dm-bt- m Fn-tp. 147 `mK-
hXIm-hn\p Nppw IpXnc HmSp-I-bm-bn-
cptm Ftm. hgn-sXn A{Iq-c\pw kmc-
Ynbpw IqSn `mK-hX Imhns hon hp
InSv Dd-n-tm-b-Xm-Im\pw aXn. ]qX-\-bpsS
ico-c - n\v Bdp tImiw hoXnbpw hf-sc-tbsd
Db-chpw Dm-bn-cp-s-s-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. 148
aYp-cbvpw tKmIp-e-n\pw CSbvv {ioIr-
jvW Ahsf sImn-p. A-s\-bm-sW-n
aYp-cbpw tKmIp-ehpw sRcn--an-p-m-
hpw. Iq-n CsX-gp-Xnb t]ms hoSpw!
CXp-t]mse APm-an-fs IYbpw hnNn{Xw
Xs. \mc-Z ]d--Xp-sImv Xs Ipnv
\mcm-b-W Fp t]cn-p. acn-m-dm-b-tm
143. `mK-hXw 7.1.
144 Sn 10.39.38
145 Sn 10 38 24
146 Sn 10. 38.1
147 10.38.24
148 10.6.4. {XnK-hyqXn (K-hyqXn 2 tImiw)
149 Sn. 6.1.29.30)
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
]p{Xs\ hnfn- p. Atm \mcm- b - W
NmSnhoWt{X. 149 \mcm-b-W\v Xs-b-, aI-
s\-bmWv hnfn-p--sX Abm-fpsS Ax-
I- c - W - nse `mhw Adn- h n- m- b n- c ptm?
CXmWv \ma amlm-flysa-n Cm-epw
\mcm-b-W-P]w P]n-p--h-cpsS ZpxJ-
AI-p-hm \mcm-b-W hp-tN-cm--sX-
mWv? Imcyw icn-bm-sW-n \mcm-bW
\mcm- b W Fp P]nv XS- h p- I m Fp-
sImv hnap--cm-Ip-n?
CXp-t]mse tPymXnx-im-kv{X-n\p hncp--
am-bmWv kpta-cp-]h-X-ns hepw Fgp-
Xn-bn-p-Xv {]nb {hX-cm-Pm-hns cY-N{Iw
Dm-nb Ipgn-bmWv kap-{Zw. `qanv \mev]-
s\ `mK-hX - - n Fgp-Xn-h
- n-p ]pfp-hn\v
A-an-. 150
`mK-h-X-Im-c-\mb t_m_-tZ-h
t_m_-tZ-h-s\--bm-fmWv `mK-hXw Fgp-Xn-
b-Xv. 151 Ct-l-ns ktlm-Z-c-\mWv KoX-
tKm-hn--Im-c-\mb Pb-tZ-h. {ioa-Zv`m-K-h-X-]p-
cmWw Rm cNn--Xm-sWv t_m_-tZ-h-s\-
gp-Xnb "lnam{Zn' 152 F {K-n ImWmw.
Cu teJ-\-ns aqq Xmfp-I Fs ]-
ep-m-bn-cp--Xn Hv \jvS-s-p-t]m-bn.
AXnse tmI--fn Dm-bn-cp Bibw
cp tmI-f - mn Fgp-Xp-p. IqSp-Xe- d- n-bm
B{K-l-ap--h lnam{Zn F {K-n
t\mp-I.
1. lnam-t{Zx- k-Nn-h-kymcvtY kqN-\m-{In-
btXf[p\m kv I mf[ymb IYm\mw N
bXv{]-amWw kam-kXx
2. {ioa-Zv`m-K-hXw \ma ]pcmWw N atb-cn-
Xav hnZpjm t_m_-tZ-th\ {ioIr-jvWky
150. `mK-hXw 5.16,7, 5, 16, 2, 5,20. 38 50 tImSn
FmWpXv.
151. \oe-IW- vTI
- r-Xa
- mb tZho-`m-Kh - X SoI-bpsS apJ-hr-
c-bn hnjvWp-`m-K-hXw t_m]-tZh IrX-anXn
hZn Fm-Wv. jmP-lms ka-Im-en-I\ - mb
Iho-{m-Nm-cys ]pkvXI kqNo ]{X-n
(_-tdm-U-bn A-Sn--Xv) t_m] tZh IrX-amb
`mK-hXw Fp ImWp-p-v.
152. CXn\v lcn-eo-em-arXw Fpw t]cpv
153. A-Sn lcn-eo-em-ar-X-n 11-mw tmIw
10mat-Xm-Wv.
260
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
btim- \ zn- X - a v . AXm- b Xv cmP- k - N n- h - \ mb
lnam{Zn t_m_-tZh ]WvUn-X-t\mSv Cs\
]dp: ""F\nv \n-fp-m-nb `mK-hXw
apgp-h\pw tIm ka-b-an-. AXn-\m
kwn]vX kqN-\m-tm-I--fmn Fgp-Xp-I.
AXn \nv `mK-hX -
- ns Npcpw F\np
a\- n- e m- m Ign- b - W w.'' AX- \ p- k - c nv
t_m_-tZ-h \nn kwn-]vX-tm-I- AXn Fgp-Xn-bn-n-. 155 Fm `mK-h-X-Im-
Xmg Fgp-Xp- p. \jvS -s - p-t ]mb Xmfn
]p tmI--fm-Wp-m-bn-cp--Xv. ]Xn-s\m-
m-a-t-Xv 153 apX Fgp-Xmw.
11. t_m[-boXn ln{]mlpx {ioa-Zv`m-K-
hXw ]p\x, ] {]iv\mx iu\-Iky kqX-
kym-t{Xm-cw {Xnjp
12. {]iv\m-h-Xm-ctbm ssh hymkky
\ncvhrXnx IrXmXv \mc-Z-kym{X tlXqnx
{]Xo-XycvY kzP- -N.
13. kp]vXLv\w t{ZmWy-`n-`-h-kvX-Z-kv{Xm-
Xv ]m-WU v hm h\-a.v `ojvaky kz ]Z-{]m]vXnx
IrjvWky Zzmcn-Im-Kax
14. t{imXpx ]co- ntXm P [rX- c m-
jv{Sky \ncvKax, IrjvW acvXy XymK-kqNm
XXx ]mcvY alm ]Yx
15. CXy-jvSm-Z-i`nx, ]mssZ-c-[ym-bmcvYx
{IamXv kv a rXx, kz]- c - { ]- X n- _ - t m\w
kv^oXw cmPyw Plu \r]x
16. CXn sshcmtm Zmcv t Vymu
t{]mm {ZuWn Pbm- Z b CXn {]Ya
kvIx 154
C{]- I mcw ]{p kv I - - f p- s Sbpw
kwn]vXw t_m_-tZ-h \nanv lnam{Zn
a{np sImSp-p. hnkvX-cn--dn-bm-\m-{K-l-ap-
-h lnam{Zn F {Kw t\mp-I. CXp-
t]m-se-bmWv CXc ]pcm-W--fp-sSbpw IY-
154. ae-bmf `mK-h-X-nse 1mw kvI-ns
kwn-]vX-hp-ambn henb A-c-an-.
155. alm-`m-cXw k`m-]hw 41-mw A[ym-b-n
inip-]m-e-h-[-{]-I-cWw t\mp-I. `mK-h-X-nepw
ap ]pcm-W--fnepw ]d-n-p ZpjvI-
hXpw sNbvXn-p-s-n inip-]m-e sNbvX
tZmjm-tcm-]-W--fnepw Ah hnp-I-f-bp-I-bn-m-bn-
cp-p. ]cn-`m-j-Is "tbmtK-iz-c-\mb
{ioIr-jvW' F {K-nse t]Pv 82 apX
86 hsc (1-mw ]Xn-v)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sb--dn-b-Ww. am{X-a Hn-s\m-p-a--cn-
mWv ]pfp-c-N\ \S-n-bn-cp--Xpw.
{ioIr-jvWs CXn-lmkw AXyp--a-am-
bmWv alm-`m-c-X-n-ep--Xv. At-l-ns
KpW--Ia--kz-`m-h- B]vX-]p-cp-j-m-cp-tS-
Xn-t\mSp ka-hp-am-Wv. BPo-h-\mw bmsXmcp
Zpjv I ahpw {ioIr- j v W sNbv X - X mbn
c-\m-Is- , A\p-Nn-Xa - mb Xmtm-n- - f
- mWv
{ioIr-jvW-\n Btcm-]n-n-p--Xv. ]mepw
Xbncpw shbpw tamjvSn-p-I, Ip_vP-bmb
Zmkn-bp-ambn kam-Ka - w, ]c-kv{Xo-If
- p-ambn cmk-
{IoU apX-emb anYym-tZm-j- {ioIr-jvW-
\n Npa-p-p. CXp hmbn-p-Ibpw tIp-
Ibpw sNp A\y-a-X-m {ioIr-jvWs\
hf- s c- t bsd \nn- p- p. Cu `mK- h Xw
t]mep {K- - f n- m- b n- c p- s - n
{ioIrjvW kZr-iy-cm-b alm-flm-sf F-
s\-bmWv \nn-m Ign-bpI?
inh-]p-cm-W-n ]{v tPymXnen-MvK-
sf-n Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. AXp XnIpw Akw-
`-hy-am-Wv.- tPym-XnenMvKsf t]cv. tei-
am{Xw t]mepw tPymXn-n-. cmhn hnf-n-
s-n Cu enMvK- ImWm-\m-hp-I-bn-.
Cu eoem hnt\m-Z--sfmw t]m-m-cp-tS-Xm-
Wv.
]pcm-W--fpsS {]tbm-P\w
tNmZyw: thZ-]-T-\-n\v kmaYy-an-m-Xm-
b-tm kvarXn-bp-m-bn. kvarXn-]-Tn-m
_pn- b n- m- X m- b - t m imkv { X- a p- m- b n.
imkv{Xm-`y-k-\-n\p Ignhp \in--tm
]pcm-Wapmn. kv{XoIpw iq{Z-mpw
thn-bm-Wn-Xv. Fs-m thZ-]-T-\-n\pw
{ih-W-n\pw Ah-[n-Im-c-an-.
Dcw: CXp Xopw I-amWv. ]Sn-
bpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xp sImp
am{Xta kmaYy-ap-m-hq. thZw ]Tn-m\pw
tIm\pw Fm- h pw A[n- I m- c - a p- v .
KmKn apXm-eb kv{XoIfpw Omtm-Ky-n
]d-bp Pm\-{ipXn F iq{Z\pw sscIy ap\n-
bpsS ] \nv thZw ]Tn-p. 156 IqSmsX
156. iX-]Yw 14.6.6.8. Om D 4.2
157. t]Pv 126 DrXw
261
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
thZ- ]Tn- m\pw tIm\pw a\p-
jysmw A[n-Im-c-ap-sv bPpthZw 26-
2 kv]jvS-am-n-bn-p-v. 157 Fnpw C-
s\- b p anYym- { K- - - s f- g pXn a\p- j ysc
kXy-{K--p- hn-cp--cmn he-bns]-
Spn kzw Imcyw km[n-p--h Fp-
sImv alm-]m-]n-I-f?
\h-{K-l-a-{-
Adn-hn-m a\p-jysc AI-s-Sp-p--
Xn\p thn {]N- c n- n {Kl- N - { I-
t\mpI:
1. BIr-jvtW\ cPkm (kq-cy-a-{w) 2.
Caw tZhm Ak-]Xv\Mv kph-[zav (N-{-a-
{w) 3. Ancv aqcvm IIpXv ]Xnx (sNm-m-
a-{w) 4. DZv_p-[y-kzmt (_p-[-a-{w) 5.
_rl-kv]tX AXn-b-Ztcym (hym-g-a-{w) 6.
ip{I-a-kx (ip-{I-a-{w) 7. itm-tZ-ho-c-
`n-jvStb (i-\n-a{- w) 8. Ibm-\ - n{X B `ph
(cm-lp-a-{w) 9. tIXpw IrWz--tI-Xth
(tIXp IWvUn-I-sb-n-Xn\p ]d-bp-p) 158
Ch \h-{K-l-]q-Pm-a-{--fm-Wv.
Ch-bpsS icn-bmb AYw C{]-Im-c-amWv:
1. kqcy\pw `qanbpw Xn BIj-W-ap-v.
2. ctPm-Kp-Ws kw_-n-p--Xv. 3. An.
4. bP-am-\ 5. hnZzm 6. hocy-amb Aw 7
Pew, {]mW, Cuiz-c 8. an{Xw. 9. m\-
{K-lW - h - n-[m-bI
- a
- mb a{w. Ch-sbmpw {Kl-
- f psS hmN- I - - f - . AY- a - d n- b m- - h
A\Y-Pm-e-n hoWp-t]m-Ip--tX-bp-q.
tNmZyw: {Kl-\n-ebvv ^e-sam-p-ant?
Dcw: t]mp-I-fn-I-tfm-sSmw ^e-an-.
Fm-semcp Imcy-ap-v. kqcyN{-m-cpsS Inc-
W-sImv DjvWhpw ssiXyhpw apw
EXp {Ia-a-\p-k-cnv Ime-N-{I-hp-ambn _-s-
n-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Ah-\-hs {]Ir-Xn--\p-
Iq-etam {]Xn-Iq-etam Bb kpJx-Zp-J-p
\nan-a - mbn Ch-bp-an-cn-p-p. Fm, t]m-
m-cpsS hymJym\w asm-m-Wv. ""Ahn-Spp
tIWw Xncp-ta\n! Imcy-ns sISv
thsd-bm-W-p-t. Cv A-bpsS {Kl-\n-
ebn N{-s\-n. kqcymZn {Iqc-{K-l-
t\m-n-em-Wv. i\n-bpsS Imev c-c-smw
158 Ch bYm-{Iaw bp 33, 43, 9, 40,3, 12, 15, 54, 26,
3, 19.75, 36.12, 27.39, 29.37
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
IqsS-bp-v. alm-hnLv\w hcpw. hoSvhnv ]c-
tZ-i--e-tb-n-h-cpw, ]t {]Xn-hn-[n-bp-v.
P]w, `P-\, ]qP, Zm\w apX-em-b-h-sbmw \S-
-Ww. {]Xn-hn-[n-bm-m-Xn-t ]d-tb-q.''
Cs\ ]d- b p- t m t\sc- b p tNmZn-
Ww: ""FtSm t]mm! \nfpw Cu {Kl-
fpw Xn-sem _w? CsXp hkvXp-
hmWv? DSs\ t]mp ]dbpw:
ssZhm-[o\w PK-cvhw a{m-[o-\m
tZhXmx tX a{m {_m-Wm-[o-\m-kvXk - vamZv
{_m-W-ssZ-h-X-av.
t\mq! Fp {]am-Wa - m-WnXv! PK-smw
tZh-X-I-[o-\-am-Wv, a{--[o-\-amWv
tZh-X-I. a{- {_m-W-[o-\-hpw.
AXn-\m {_m-Wsc tZh-X-I-sfp ]d-bp-
p. Fs-m a{-_-e-m GXp tZh-
t\bpw hnfn-p-h-cpn Imcy-knn hcp-p--
Xn\v A[n-Imcw Rp-v. C{]-Im-c-ap
a{-in Rn-m-bn-cp-s-n \n-sf-
tm-ep \mkvXn-I Rsf temIp Pohn-
p-hm t]mepw A\p-h-Zn--bn-m-bn-cp-p.
kXy-hmZn: I\pw ZpjvS\pw sIm-m-
c\pw ap-samw \n-fpsS tZh-X-I-[o-\-
am- b n- c n- p- a tm? tZh- X - I - f mtWm Ah- t c-
smv ZpjvIa- sNn-p-Xv? A-
s\-bm-sW-n \n-fpsS tZh-mcpw cm-
kcpw Xn A-c-sam-p-an-. a{-
\n-[o-\-hpw, CjvS-knn \Ip--Xp-am-
sW-n FpsImv
a{--fm tZh-X-Isf kzm[o-\nv cmP-`-
WvUm-c- FSp-nv sImp-hv \n-fpsS
hon-emn shdp-tX-bn-cp-pv B\-n-p-
n? i\o-iz-c\v F hgn-]mSp Ign-n-m\pw
apw Fn\v Ae-bpp? As-n \n-fpsS
Iqt_-cs\ hi-mn CjvSw t]mse ]Ww
hmcn-qtS? ]mh-sf Fn\p sIm-b-Sn-
pp?
\nv Zm\w \In-bm kp-jvScpw
\In-bn-s-n Ak-p-jvS-cp-am-Ip--h-cmWv
kqcym-Zn-{K-l--sf-n Ch-cpsS CjvSm-\n-jvS-
{]Xy--ambn ImWn-p-I. Fm-an-Sv
159. ChnsS ao\-qSpw aI-c-apw tIc-f-n-te-X-.
D-tc-y-bn-te-XmWv hnh-n-n-cn-p--Xv.
262
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
kqcy-N-{-m-cp--bm-fn-t\-bpw, aqm-an-S-p
Bfn-t\bpw ao\-am-k-nse s]mcn-sh-bn-en
sNcn- n- S msX aW- e n \n- W w. {Kl-
tIm]w D-hs Imepw tZlhpw s]mp-
Ibpw Cm- - b m- f n- t Xv s]mm- X n- c n- p-
Ibpw thWw. AXp-t]mse Xs sImSpw
ioX-ap aI-c-a-n 159 shfp hmhn
\mfn cm{Xn apgp-h ssaXm-\v Ccp-ht- cbpw
\n-Ww. Hcm-fn\v XWpv ASn-p-Ibpw at-
bm-fn\v ASn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm {Kl-
n\v {Iqc-Zr-jvSnbpw kuay ZrjvSnbpw Dsv
a\-n-em-mw.
{Kl- \n- f psS _p- - f mtWm?
\n Xn Iv In CS-]m-Sp-If - ptm?
AYhm \n Ah-cpsS ASpv t]mIp-
Itbm Ah \n-fpsS ASpv hcn-Itbm
sNm- d ptm? \nv a{- i - n- b p
]w FpsImmWv cmPm--mtcm [\m-
Vytcm Bbn-o-cm-Xv? i{Xp-sf FmWv
him- m- Xv ? thZ- n- t bpw Cuiz- c -
tbpw B-I-f-\p-k-cn-msX thZ-hn-cp--
amb t]mp-eo-e-I-fm-Sp--h-cmWv \mkvXn-I.
\nv Zm\w Xcp--Xn\v ]Icw AXv {Kl-
tIm-]-ap--h Xs A\p-`-hn-m Fp Xc-
t- S m- W p- Xv ? ampw sImSp- msX
\np Xm am{Xta {Kl- {]k-
-cmhq Fp ]d-bp ]w, tNmZn--s,
\n Xn DSSn hXpw
sNbvXnptm? Ds-n kqcym-Zn-{K-l--
sf hon hcpn shp acnq!
kqcym-Zn-tem-I- PU-h-kvXp--fm-Wv.
Bs-nepw kpJx-Zp-J- \Im-\p
{]hrn sNm Ahbvp Ign-hn-. Fm
{Kl-Zm-t\m]Pohn-I-fmb \n-fmWv hmkvX-
h-n {Kl--fpsS hn{K-l-. {Kl-sa
hmn- \ w \np tNcpw. tb
KrlvWn tX {Klmx= "{Klnp'h-bmWv
{Kl-. \n-tf-tm-ep--h henb [\-
hm-m-cp-tSbpw cmPm- - c
- p-tSbpw Zcn-{Z-cp-tSbpw
ASpv sNm-Xn-cp-m Ah \h-{K-l--
sf-n HmpI t]mep-an-. \n kmm
kqcy-tbpw i\o-iz-c-tbpw {Iqc-cq]w [cnv
Ah-cpsS ta Bth-in-m ]ns {Kl-W-
an-msX Ahsc hnSp-I-bn-. \n-fpsS {Kmk-
ns]-Sm--h sc \mkvXn-I-s cpw apw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]dv \nnp \S-p-Ibpw sNpw.
t]mv: tPymXn--ns {]Xy--^ew
In-nt? BIm-i - n-ep kqcy, N{,
cmlp, tIXp apX-em-b-h-bpsS kwtbm-K-m-
ep-m-Ip {KlWw t\ct {]h-Nn-p-p.
CXv {]Xy--am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse {Klm-
Zn-I-fpsS ^ehpw {]Xy--am-Wv. Hcm [\-
hmt\m Zcn-{Zt\m cmPmthm {]Ptbm kpJ-
hmt\m ZpxJn-Xt\m BIp--Xn\p ImcWw
{Kl--fm-Wv.
kXy-hmZn:- {Kl-W-sa {]Xy--^ew
KWn-X-hn-Zy-bpsS ^e-am-Wv. ^ew ]d-n-en-t-
X-. KWn-X-hnZy kXy-am-Wv. ^ew ]d-n-em-I-
s, kzm`m-hn-I--kw-_--P-\y-am-b-h-sbm-gn-sI-
bp-h If-hm-Wv. A\p-tem-ahpw {]Xn-tem-a-hp-
ambn {`aWw sNp `qan-bp-tSbpw N{-tbpw
KWn- X - n \nv , C ka- b v C
tZiv F{X Iv kqcy-ttbm N{-ttbm
{Kl- W - a p- m- I p- s av Adnbm Ign- b pw.
knm- - i n- t cm- a - W n- b nse 160 Cu `mKw
t\mp-I ""OmZ-bX - ycvIa - n-pcvhn[pw `qanamx''
161
kqcy- k n- m- - nepw C{]- I m- c - a p- v .
kqcy\pw `qanbvpw at[y N{ hcp-tm
kqcy-{K-l-Whpw kqcy\pw N{\pw at[y `qan
hcp-tm N{-{K-lW - hpw Dm-Ip-sa-w.
N{s \ng `qanbnepw `qan-bpsS \ng N{-
\nepw hogp-p. kqcy {]Im-i-tKm-f-am-I-bm
AXn-t \ng-sempw hogp-I-bn-. kqcy-{]-
Im-itam hnftm aqew ico-c-n-tbpw apw
\ng hn]-co-X-ambn hogp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wn-
sXv a\-n-em--Ww.
[\m-Vy-t\m, Zcn-{Z-t\m, cmPmthm, {]P-tbm,
\n-\t\m BIp-X - n\p ImcWw Ah-\h - s
Iaam-Wv. {Kl-\n-e-b-. tPymXn-jn-I {Kl-
\ne KWnv kzw a-fpsS hnhmlw \S-
n-bnpw Ah-cn hntcm-[hpw ssh[-hy-hpw,
hn[p-c-Xbpw hp-Iq-Sp-p. KWn-X-^ew icn-
bm- s W- n C- s \- h - c p- - s X- p- s Imv ?
AXn-\m Ia-KXn kXyhpw {Kl-K-Xn-sImv
kpJ-Zpx-J- Dm-Ip-s-Xv If-hp-am-Wv.
BIm-i-nse {Kl- `qan Fnh hfsc
160. {Kl-em-Lh N{-{K-l-Wm-[n-Imcw 5.4. tKmfm-
[ymbw {KlW {]I-c-W-nepw Cu hnjbw
knm--in-tcm-a-Wn-bn-ep-v.
161. kqcy-kn-mw N{-{K-l-Wm-[n-Imcw
263
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
AIse nXn sNp-p. Imhpw Iahpw
Chbpw Xn _-s ampw C. Iaw
sNp-Xpw ^ew A\p-`-hn-p-Xpw Pohm-
flm-hm-Wv. Ia--fpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn-n-p-
Xv ]c-am-flm-hp-am-Wv. {Kl--fmWv ^ew
\Ip--sX-n, Hcp-h P\n-p ka-bv
\mgnI hn\m-gn-I-I t\mn \n PmXIw
Ipdn-p B \nan-j - n Xs temI-n
ap P\-\-fpw \S-p-nt? Cs-mWv ]d-
bp--sX-n Iw. Ds- n Hcp N{I-
hnp kam-\-\mbn asm-cm Cu temI-
p-m-Im--sXv? Cu the-I-sfmw shdpw
hb-n-n-g-n\p thn-bm-sWp ]d-m
AXp a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
Kcp-U-]p-cmW hnai\w
tNmZyw: Kcp-U-]p-cmWhpw I-amtWm?
Dcw: AsX Ak-Xy-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: Fn acn-p-I-gn-m Pohm-
flm-hns KXn Fv?
Dcw: AXv Ia-n-\\ - p-kc- n-m-bn-cn-pw.
tNmZyw: ba-cm-Pm-hpw, Nn{X-Kp]vXs\
a{nbpw Ah-cpsS Icn-m-d--X--tf-tm-
epf-f In-c-mcpw Pohs\ ]nSn-p-sIm-p-
t]m- I pw. ]m]- ] p- W y- - f - \ p- k - c nv \c- I -
ntem kz- ntem CSpw. Ahp
thn Zm\- - ] p- W y- fpw {im-
XWfpw sshX-cWo \Zn IS-p--
Xn\p thn tKmZm-\hpw apw sNp-p.
CsXmw I-am-Ip--sX-s\?
Dcw: CsXmw t]mp-eo-e-bnse ]pfp-
h-Sn--em-Wv. ap-n-Ss Pohm-flm- Ahn-
sS-s-p-Ibpw [a-cm-Pmhpw Nn{X-Kp-]vX\pw
\ymbw \S-p-Ibpw sNbvXm, ba-tem-Is
Pohm-flm- ]m]w sNp-tm Ahp
thn \ymbw \S-m asmcp ba-temIw
thn hcp-p. AXpt]mse `b--c-cq-]-ap--
h-cmWv ba-In--c-m-sc-n Ahsc ImWm--
sX-mWv? am{X-a-, Cu alm-`-b--cm-cpsS
Hcp hnc t]mepw hmXn-en-eqsS IS-p-I-bp-
an-. ]ns-s\ Ch Pohm-flm-hns\ ]nSn-
p-sIm-p-t]mIpw? h s]cp-h-gn-bnepw CS-h-
gn-bnepw Ch XS---s-Sp--ep-m-m--sX-
mWv? Ah kqvai - c- o-cs- bpw ssIsm-
p-sa-m-sW-n s]cp icocw t]m-m-
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
cpsS hoSp-I-fn-e-msX as-hn-sS-bmWv kqn-
p-hm Ign-bpI? Imp-Xo-bp-m-Ip-tm Fdp-
-p-I-fps-sS-bp Htsd Pohn-I Hnp
acn- pw. Ahsb sImp- t ]m- I p- - X n\v
At\Iw ba-`-S-m hcp ]w Ahn-sS-
sbmw Iqcn-cpv hym]n-p-atm. Ccp-v Poh-
msc ]nSn-p-X - n\p thn Ap-anpw HmSp-
tm Iqp-ap-n. Cu ]h-Xm-Im-c-m-cpsS Ah-
b- h - ae- b n- S np hogp- - X p- t ]mse
]dnp hogpw. AXp Kcp-U-]p-cmWw hmbn-
p-h - c
- p-tSbpw tIp-h - c
- p-tSbpw Xe-bn
hoWv Aav acn-pw. As-n hoSns
hmXp- hoWv AS-bp-Itbm hgn-b-S-bp-Itbm
sNpw. ]ns-s\ Ch shfn-bn Cd-p-
Itbm hgn \S-p-Itbm sNpw?
{imhpw X-Whpw ]nWvU-hp-sampw
acn- - h p Inp- I - b n- . t]mv P n- b psS
ssIbnepw hb-n-epta Fq. sshX-cWn IS-
p- - X n\p \Ip tKmZm\w 162 t]mn-
stbm Iim-p-Im-c-stbm hon-em-sW-p--
Xv. sshX-c-Wn-bn-tev ]ip sNp-I-bn-.
]ns BcpsS hmep ]nSn-mWv Asc IS-
p-Xv? ]nSn-t--hs ssII ChnsS
Zln-np If-bp-Itbm Ipgn-n-Sp-Itbm sNbvXn-
cns Fp-sIm-mWv ]nSn-p-Xv?
Pmns IY
Hcp sNdnb DZm- l - c Ww ]dbmw: Hcp
Pmv 163 Dm-bn-cp-p. Abm-fpsS hon cp
]d ]mep Hcp ]ip Dm-bn-cp-p. \
kzmZp ]mev. CS-bvnsS Cu ]mev t]mn\pw
Inn-sm-n-cp-p. Cu ]ip-hns\ Xn-sb-Sp-
m ]ptcm-ln-X B{K-ln-p. Pmns hb-
mb A acn-m-dm-hp-tm Xs ]cn-]mSn
\S-n-em--W-sav a\-n-ep-d-p. hn[n-h-im
Ipdp Znh-k-n-\Iw hr acn-m-dmbn
izmkw \nevm-dmbn hrs\ \ne-n-dn
InSn. {]mW t]mIm-dmbn Fw. Pm-
ns _p-fpw an{X-fpw Ahn-sS-bp-m-
bn- c p- p. Atm ]ptcm- l n- X ]d- p.
""t\mq aIt\! Cu ss- s Imv DSt\
tKmZm\w sNn--Ww.'' Pmv DSt\ Xs
162. ]tc-Xm-flm-hn\v sshX-cW
- o-\Zn IS-p-hm {_m-
Wv tKmZm\w sNp-Xpw \-Xm-sWv
Kcp-U-]p-cm-Ww.
163. D-tc-y-bnse {Xnb Ij-I-hKw
264
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
]p cq]m FSpv ]nXm-hns In sImSp-
nv ]dp ""kevw sNmq.'' DSs\ t]mv
]dp ""CXp sImmw. \ t\c-tmv!
A Fpw acn-ptam? Cubh-k-c-n
\ ]mep-, hb-m-Im kmm ]ip-
hn-s\-bmWv Zm\w sNt--Xv. Hm-cw ]ip-
hns\ Zm\w sN-Ww.''
Pmv: Fs ] H ]ip-t h- bp- q.
AXns\ Zm\w sNbvXm Ipp-Ip-n-I
IjvS-n-em-Ipw. AXns\ Xcn-. Zm Ccp-]Xp
cq]m. CXp-sIm-Spv \smcp Id-h--ip-hns\
hmn-sm-q.
t]mv: BXp-sImmw! A-t\-m hep-
XmtWm ]ip? As\ sshX- c - W n- b n- e np
IjvSs - -Sp-m-\mtWm `mhw? \ aI Xs!
C{X-bp-am-b-tm-tgbvpw hop-Im-scmw
t]mns `mKw ]nSn- p. Ahsc Abm
t\cs kzm[o-\n-n-cp--Xm-Wv. Ctmgpw
Ahsc t\mn BwKyw Imn. Fm- h cpw
tNv \n_-nv ]ip-hns\ t]mn\p Zm\w
sNn-p. Pmv Atm Hc-cw ann-bn-.
A acn-p. t]mv ]ip-hn-s\bpw InSm-hn-
s\bpw ]m Id-p temm klnXw hon
sImp-t]m-bn. Xncn-p-hv ivaim-\ - n arX-
tZlw sImp-t]mbn kwkvI-cn-n-p., Ahn-
sSbpw Aev ] - k zev ] w eoe- I - f m- S n. ]noSv
k]nWvUn apX-em-bh \S-npw Ipsd ]Ww
ASn-s-Sp-p. alm-{_m--Wcpw hb-dp-]n-g-p-
Imcpw Hp-IqSn DZ-c-]q-cWw \S-n. Pmv
{Inbbvp th ]mev Ccp hmn! ]Xn-\m-
env cmhnse Pmv t]mns hon-se-n.
Idh Ignv Xs temmbpw ]mm-{Xhpw
FSpv t]mv hcp-tm-gmWv Pmv sN-Xv.
Abmsf th-hw kev-cn-n-cp-n.
Pmvv: Ahn-Spw Ccp-ms
t]mvv: ]mev hon hnp hcmw.
Pmvv: th. Cp Xm-s. t]mv ]mm-
{X-hp-ambn Pmns apn Ccp-p.
Pmvv: \n alm I-\m-Wv.
t]mvv: Fp Iw ]dp?
Pmvv: Fn-\mWv ]ip-hns\ hmn-Xv
t]mvv: \n-S-\p sshX-cWn IS-p--
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Xn\v
Pmvv: icn ]ns-mWv \n ]ip-hns\
sshX- c - W n- b psS Ic- b v s - n- m- Xv ?
Rm \nsf hniz-knv Xp. \n-f-Xns\
hon sIn-bn-p.. F- sshX-c-Wn-bn
F{X Ihn- IpSn-s-m-dnbmw?
t]mvv: Cn-. Cu Zm\-ns ]pWy-{]-
`mhw asmcp ]ip-hmbn At-ls Asc
Fn-n-p-v.
Pmvv: sshX-cWn \Zn Chn-sS-\n-s{X Zqsc-
bmWv? GXp Znn-em-WXv?
t]mvv : Dulw ]d-m, ChnsS \nv
apXp tImSn hnfn-mSp Zqsc-bm-Wv. Fs-
m \mev]-sm-Xp tImSn tbmP-\-bmWp
`qan. sXv \ncrXn tImWn-emWv sshX-cWn
\Zn.
Pmvv : C{X Zqsc \n-f-b Int\m
Intm Dcw Inn- b n- ptm? AhnsS
]pWy-ns ]ip Dm-sbtm Cmcv A-
sc-sb-n-sbtm h hnh-chpw Inn-bn-p-s-
n ImWn-pI
t]mvv: Fs ] Kcp-U-]p-cm-W-nse
{]am-W-a-msX Itm In-mtem Hp-an-
.
Pmvv: Cu Kcp-U-]p-cmWw kXy-am-sWv
Rms\-s\ Adnbpw?
t]mvv: Fm-hcpw hniz-kn-p--Xp-sIm-v.
Pmvv: Cu ]pkvXIw \n-fpsS ]qn-I
hb-p-]n-g-n-\mbn Dm-n---Xm-Wv. A\v
Xs a-tfm-S - msX am-tcmSpw kvt\l-ap-m-
hp-I-bn-. Fs- F\n-s-gp-X-s. Rm
]ip-hns\ sshX-c-Wn--c-bn Fn-p-sIm-
mw. As\ Ac IS-n-bnv ]ip-hns\
Xncn- p- s Im- p- h v Idv Rm\pw Fs
afpw IpSn- p- s Im- mw. B ]mm{Xw
AhnsS hbvv.
Pmv ]ip-hn-s\bpw InSm-hn-s\bpw Agnv
]mm-{X-hp-ambn Xncn-p.
t]mvv: Zm\w sImSp-Xv Xncnp hmn-
tbm? \o apSnp t]mIpw.
Pmvv: ann-Xn-cn-v. Cs-n ]p ]Xn-
aqp Znhkw ]men-msX Fs IjvS-s-Sp-
n-b-Xns Ipdhp Rm Xop-I-f-bpw.
265
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Atm t]mv \mh-S-n. Pmv ]ip-hn-
s\bpw InSm-hn-s\bpw sImv t]mhp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Cu Pmn-s\-tm-se-bp--h Dm-
bm temIv t]mp-eoe \S-p-I-bn-.
_en--]p-e--k-]nWvUn
]p-\m _en-bnv ]pe-bm-N-cnp ]{-
n\v k]nWvUn \S-n-bm ico-c-tmSv
Bflmhv tNv AwKp-jvT-am{X ico-cn-bmbn
ba-temIw {]m]n-p-sav Nne ]d-bp-p.
A-s\-bm-sW-n ac-W-k-a-bv ba-Zq-X-
m hcp-Xv hyY-am-Wv. ]Xn-aqmw \mfmWv
Ah htc--Xv. icocw Dm-bm `mcym
]p{Xm-Zn-I-tfmSpw CjvS-an-{X--tfmSpw D
tamlw \nanw Xncnp hcm--sX-mWv?
tNmZyw: kzK-n, ChnsS \Inb
Zm\ta e`n-q. asmpw Inp-I-bn-. AXn-
\m Fm-hcpw Zm\w sN-Ww.
Dcw: \n-fpsS B kzK-n-t\-m
\Xv Cu `qan-bm-Wv. ChnsS [a-im-e-I-fpv,
a\p-jy Zm\w sNpw. CjvS-an-{X--tfmSpw
kaq-l-tmSpw kl-h-kn-mw. \-hkv{Xw
DSp- mw. \n ]d- b p- - X p- t ]m- s e- b mWv
kzK- s a- n Ahn- s Smpw Inp- I - b n- .
Acw \n- b hpw Zcn- { Zhpw {Iqc- h p- a mb
kzK-n t]mv t]mbn ]mv Zpcn-X-a-\p-
`- h n- - s . AhnsS \ a\p- j yv Fp
Imcyw?
tNmZyw: \n- f psS A`n- { ]m- b - n
ba\pw ba-tem-Ihpw ap-an-s-n acnv
Poh Ftmp t]mIpp? \ymbw \S-p-
-Xmcv?
Dcw: \n-fpsS Kcp-U] - p-cm-W
- n ]d-
n-cn-p-Xv {]am-W-a-. Fm thtZm--
amb ""bat\ hmbp-\m. kXy-cm-P'' 164 apX-
emb hN- \ - - f m ba hmbp- h m- s Wv
\nn-X-am-Ip-p. icocw hn Poh A-co-
-n hmbp-hn-t\m-sSmw hn-p-p.
kXy-Imhpw ]-]m-Xc - l
- n-X\pw Bb ]c-
am-flm-hmWv [a-cm-Pm-hm-b,- k-I-e-cp-tSbpw
\ymb-Im-hv.
tNmZyw: \n ]d {]Im-c-am-sW-
n tKmZm-\hpw ap Zm\-]p-Wym-Zn-Ifpw
164. EtKzZw 10.14.8, AYhw 20.141.2, bPq 20.4
(b-Ym-{I-aw)
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
sNt--Xn Fp knn-p-p.
Dcw: \n C- d - Xv icn- b - .
kXv]m-{X--fn ]tcm-]-Im-cmYw Zm\w sN-
Ww. kzWw, shn, cXv\w, apv, amWn-Iyw,
Aw, Pew, ew CXymZn Zm\w sNmw.
Fm Ip]m-{X--fn Hcn-epw Zm\w sN-
cp-Xv.
tNmZyw: Ip]m-{X-f - p-sSbpw kXv]m-{X--
fp-sSbpw e-W-sa-mWv?
Dcw: NXn-b, Im]-Sy-m, kzmYn-I,
hj-bn-I, Ima-t{Im-[-tem-`-tam-l--fp--h,
]c-lm\n sNp--h, e-S, anYym-hm-Zn-I,
Ahn-Zzm-m, No-q-p-sI-p-h - , aSn-b- m,
\\- nSw Ipgn- p- - h (X- c p- - h - t cmSv
hopw hopw Bh-iy-s-Sp--h) \n_-
nv Bh-iy-s-Sp--h, [W sNp--h,
F{X Inn-bmepw kp-jvSn-bn-m--h, ZmXm-
hns\ \nn-p-h-, i]n-p-Ibpw No hnfn-
p-Ibpw sNp--h, At\Iw XhW sImSp-
nv Hcn- sImSp-m-Xn-cp-m shdp-p-
-h, kw\ym-kn-thjw sIn hn-p--h,
Ds-nepw Csp ]dv Cc-p-h,
kvXpXn ]mSn-bnv kzmYw t\Sp--h, cm]-
I `n bmNn-p--h, Wnp hcp-n-
bm Imhpw ap amZI hkvXp-fpw Ignv
{Ia-n-tesd `n-p--h. ]noSv D--
cmbn sXp-I sNp--h, kXy-n\p hncp-
- a mbn kz- X m- e v ] cyw kwc- n- p- h m
Ak-Xy-amK-n \S-p--h, tbmKysc
Ah-K-Wnv Xs am{Xw ]cn-K-Wn-m injy-
msc D]-tZ-in-p--h, kZvhn-Zybvpw apw
FXn-cm-bn-cn-p--h, PK-nse hymh-lm-cnI
hrn-I-tfm-Sv--kv{Xo-]p-cp-j-m, amXm-]n-Xm-
, a, cmP--{]-P-I, an{X- apX-emb
_- anYy-bm-Wv. PKpw anYy-bmWv
Fp-]-tZ-inv FXnp-m-p--h apX-em-
b-h-cmWv Ip]m-{X-.
{_-Nm-cn-I, PntX-{n-b, thZmZn kZzn-
Zy-I ]Tn-bpw ]Tn-n-p-Ibpw sNp--h,
kpio-e, kXy-hm-Zn-I, ]tcm-]-Im-c-{]n-b,
]pcp-jmYn-I, DZm-c-io-e, hnZym-[a-sf
165. km-\mZv {_mtWm \nXy-ap-Zzn-tPX hnjm-Zn-h.
Aar-X-tkyh NmImMv Z-h-am-\ky khZm
(a-\p-kvarXn 2.162)
266
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
\nc-cw t]mjn-n-p--h, [am-flm-,
im-io-e, \nm-kvXp-Xn-I-fn lj-tim-I-
-fn-m--h, \n`-b, Dm-ln-I, tbmKn-
I, m\n-I, krjvSn-{I-aw, thZm-,
Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h- Fn-h-bv-
\p-Iq-e-ambn hn-p--h, \ymb-co-Xn-bp-
cpw ]-]m-X-c-ln-X-cp-ambn ktXym-]-tZ-
ihpw kXy-im-kv{X-f - psS ]T-\hpw ]mT-\hpw
sNp-h - , A-s\-bp-h - sc \nco-n-p--
h, Bpw kvXpXn ]mSm--h, tNmZy-
v icn-bmb kam-[m\w ]d-bp-h - , Xt-
Xp-t]mse A\ys kpJ-Zpx-J-sf ]cn-K-Wn-
p--h. Ahn-ZymZn ti-, Zpc-`n-am-\w,
Zpcm-{K-lw, \n_--_p-n, Fn-h-bn-m--
h, A]-am-\s Aar-X-Xp-ey-ambpw am\n--
ens\ hnj-Xp-ey-ambpw Icp-Xp--h 165 kp-
jvS {]oXn-]qhw \evIp--Xns\ {]k--Xm-
]qw kzoI-cn-p--h. Hcn- B]-evm-
ev \evIm-Xn-cn-p-Itbm \nc-kn-p-Itbm
sNbvXm ZpxJn-tbm \nn-tbm AhnsS
\nv {]Xn-tj-[n-n-d-n-tm-Itbm sNm--
h, kuJy-ap--h-tcmSv ssa{Xn, ZpxJn-X-tcmSv
Icp-W, ]pWym-flm--tfmSv B\-w, ]m]n-I-
tfmSv Dt]- 166 AXm-bXv cmK-tZzjcln-X,
kXys am\n-bpw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp-h - ,
\njvI-]-S, Cujym-tZz-j-c-ln-X, Kw`o-cm-i-
b-cmb kXv]p-cp-j, [a-bp-, ZpjvSm-Nm-c-
an-m-h - , kzw icocw a\v, [\w Fnh
]tcm-]-Im-c-n\p am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-p--h,
A\y-cpsS kpJ-n\p thn kzw {]mW-
s\-tmepw kan-p--h, apX-emb ip`-e-
-W-bp--cmWv kXv]m-{X-. Fm
ma- _ m[ apX- e mb B]- X v I m- e - - f n
Aw, Pew, hkv{Xw, Huj-[n, A`-b-m-\w,
Fn-hbvv Fm Pohn-Ipw Hcp-t]mse
Ah-Im-i-ap-m-bn-cn-pw.
tNmZyw: ZmXm- F{X-hn-[-apv?
Dcw: D-a, a[y-a, \nIr-jvS, Fp
aqp hn[w. tZi--Im-e--]m-{X- t\mn
kXy-hn-Zy, [aw Fn-h-bpsS D-Xn-sb
]tcm-]I - m-cmYw \Ip-h - c- mWv Da ZmXm-
. kzmY-Xbvpw Ionpw thn
Zm\w sNph a[y-a-cm-Wv. kzbtam ap--
166. tbmK-kq{Xw 1.33
kXym-{]-Im-iw
htm Hcp D]-Im-chpw sNm--h-cpw, hy`n-
Nm-cw, aZy-]m\w Agn-mw Fn-hsb Zm\w
sNbvXp t{]mm-ln-n-p--hcpw \oN-Zm-Xm-
-fm-Wv. sImSp-p-tm A]-am-\n-p-Ibpw
\nn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, kXv]m-{X-I - p-]m{X t`Z-
sampw Adn- h n- m- X n- c n- p- I , Imfbv pw
t]mn\pw Ism-s an hnhm-Zhpw
hgpw \S-p-I, [am-flm-sf ZpxJn-nv
kzbw kpJn- mthn Zm\w sNpI
Fnh A[-a-cmb ZmXm- sNp--Xm-Wv.
\nW-bn--dnv hnZzm-mpw [am-flm-
pw [m\w \evIp--h D-a-Zm-Xm-fpw
Adn-mepw Adn-n-s-nepw kzw \-
bvp-thn Zm\w sNp--h a[y-acpw Hpw
t\mmsX \njv^-e-ambn Zm\w sNp--h
\nIr-jvS-Zm-Xm--fp-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: Zm\-^ew ChnsS e`n-ptam
AtXm ]c-tem-I-ntem?
Dcw: Fm-bn-S-pw.
tNmZyw: X\ntb e`n- ptam AtXm
Bsc-nepw Xcptam?
Dcw: ^ew \Ip-Xv Cuiz-c-\m-Wv.
I\pw sIm-m-c\pw Pbn-en t]mIm
Cn-p-n-s-nepw cmPmhv Ahsc Ab-bvp-
- X p- t ]m- s e- b m- W nXv [am- fl m- - f psS
kpJs kwc-nv \evIp--Xn\pw sIm-
m-cn \npw apw cnv kuJy-a-\p-`-hn-
n-p--Xn-\p-am-Wn-Xv. CXp-t]mse ]c-am-flmhv
Fm-hpw ]m]-]p-Wy--fpsS ^e-ambn
ZpxJhpw kpJhpw tbmPn-c - o-Xn-bn \evIp-p.
]pcm-Whpw X{hpw
tNmZyw: Kcp-U-]p-cmWw apX-emb {K-
thZ-stbm thZmY-stbm ]pjvSn-
s-Sp-p-ptm?
Dcw: C. am{X-a thZ-n\p hncp--
ambpw hn]-co-X-am-bp-amWv t]mv. X{-fpw
A- s \- X - s - b m- W v . Hcp- h Hcm- f ns
an{Xhpw ap--h-cp-sS-sbmw i{Xphpw Bbn-
cn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bmWv ]pcm-Whpw X{hpw
hniz-kn-p--h-cpsS coXn. ]c-kv]c hntcm[w
Dm-p--h-bmWv Cu {K-. Chsb
hniz- k n- p- Xv hnZzm- mp tN- X - .
adnv Chsb am\n-p-Xv ]ma-c-X-\n-an--am-
Wv.
267
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
{hXw D]-hmkw
inh-]p-cm-W-n {Xtbm-Z-inbpw Xn-fm-
gvN-bpw, BZn-X y-] p-c m-W -n Rmb- d mgv N
N{m-J-WvU-n sNmm, _p[ hymgw,
shn Fnh cmlp- t I- X p- v i\n,
sshjvW-hv GIm-Z-in, hma-\\v ZzmZin, \c-
knw-l-n\pw A\-\pw NXpZ-in, N{-`-K-
hm ]uW- a n, ZnIv ] m- e - I v Zi- a n,
ZpKbvv \h-an, hkp-v AjvS-an, ap\n-
amv k]vXa - n, Imn-tIb kzmanv jjvTn,
\mK- n\p ]- a n, KtW- i \v NXpYn,
Kucnv XrXob, Aizn-\o-Ip-am-c-mv ZznXo-
b, BZym-tZ-hnbvv {]Y-a, ]nXr-v Aam-
hkn. ]pcm-W - f - \
- p-kc
- nv Cu Znh-k
- D]-
h-kn-t Zn\--fm-Wv. Cu hmc--fnepw
XnYn-I-fnepw A-]m\w Ign-p--h \c-I-
n t]mIp-sav k{X FgpXn hn-p-v.
t]mn\pw injy-mpw sNm-hp-Xv Cu
\mfpI-fn-sempw `Ww Ign-m-Xn-cn-p-I-
bm-Wv. Ign-m \cIw Xs KXn. A-
cmb Bfp-I Fgp-Xn-bp-m-nb \nWb
knp, -[a-kn-p, {hXm apX-emb {K-
-fn {hX-Zn-\--sf-n ISp sshcp-[y-
-fp-v. DZm-lc - W
- - n\v ssih GIm-Zi - nsb
FXnp-p. (ssh-jvW-h-cp-tS-Xm-I-bm )
Nne Zi-anv D]-h-kn-p-p, Nne ZzmZ-in-
pw. F{X hnNn-{X-am-sWp t\mp-I. ]n-
Wn-In-S-p--Xn\pw hnhmZw! Cu GIm-Zio
{hXw \S-m-n-b-h XnI kzmYn-I-fm-
sWp am{X-a-, \n-b-cp-am-Wv. Ah ]d-
bpp: ""GIm-Z-iym-at ]m]m\n hkn"".
temI-n-ep ]m]-samw GIm-Z-in-\m-fn
A-n IpSn-sIm-p-p-ht{X! BcpsS
]m]-am-W-Xn hkn-p--sXv t]mn-t\mSp
tNmZn--Ww. Xstbm Xs ]nXm-am-cp-
tStbm Fv. kh-am-\-]m-]-fpw GIm-Z-in-
bn t]mbn IpSn-sIm-m, As Znhkw
Bpw Xs ZpJm- \ p- ` hw Dm- I - c p- X v .
Fm A\p-`hw A-s\-b-. hnipw apw
sImv ZpxJn-p--Xm-W-\p-`-hw. ZpxJw ]m]-
^-e-am-Wv. AXn-\m ]nWn InS-p-Xv ]m]-
am-Wv.
GIm-Z-io-am-lm-fly-hn-ai\w
GIm-Z-inv henb amlmflyw ]d-bp-p-v.
CXns IY tIp ]ecpw hn-X-cm-bn-
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
p-v. AXn-semcp IY C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
{_-tem-I - n Hcp thiy-bp-m-bn-cp-p.
Ah Ipsd A]m-c-[- sNbvXp. Ahv
Hcp im]w Inn. ""\o `qan-bn ]Xn-s"" Fv.
Ah kvXpXnv {]mnv X\nv Fs\
kzK-n hop-sa-m Ign-bp-sav tNmZn-
p. ""\n\--m-sc-nepw GIm-Z-in-bpsS ^ew
\Ip-tm kzK-n Fm Ign-bp-
sav'' im]-tamw Inn. Ah hnam-\-k-
lnXw GtXm \K-c-n sNp hoWp. \obm-
cmWv Fv Ahn-Ss cmPmhp tNmZn-p.
kIe hrm--fpw Ah ]d-p. Bsc-
nepw GIm-Z-io-hr-X-ns ^ew \evIn-bm
F\nv kzK- nsem Ignbpsapw
Ah ]d-p. cmPmhv \K-c - nsemw At\z-
jn-p. GImZ-io-{hXw t\m Hcm-sfbpw Is-
n-bn-. Fm Hcp iq{Zkv{Xobpw Ah-fpsS
`mhpw Xn Ie-l-ap-m-bn. tZjy-sv
Ah Hcp cmhpw ]Iepw Blmcw Ign-n-.
ssZh-KXym Av GIm-Z-in-bm-bn-cp-p. "Rm
Adn-p-sImv Av GIm-Zin t\m-X-.
Adn-bmsX Ap ]nWn InS-p-t]m-b-Xm-Wv'.
Fv cmP-`r-Xy-tcmSp ]d-p. Ah Ahsf
cmPm-hns apmsI lmP-cm-n. cmPmhv Ah-
tfmSv hnam\-n sXmSp-hm ]dp Ah
sXmXpw hnam\w apI-fn-te-p-bp t]mbn.
CXv Adn-bmsX t\mp-t]mb GIm-Z-in-bpsS
^e-amWv! Adn-p-sImv t\mm AXns
^e-n-\-Xn-cptm!! Ip-s-nepw ImWm-
htc! \nv lm IjvSw! kzK-n-
enm Hcp apdp-m Rm\n-hnsS \n-b-p-
sIm-Sp-mw. GIm-Zin t\m-h Ah-cpsS ^ew
F\np Xc-s. Hcp apdp-m taevt]mp
t]mbm tImSn- I - W - n- \ - t m- - b - b v mw.
\fpw GIm-Zin t\mp-sIm-mw. CXp \S-
n-s-n hnip acn-p B]-n \np
c-s-Sp-I-bp-am-hmw.
167. Nnnse Idp--]w apX Bcw-`n-p-p.
NnwIman-I, [\-Z, InAP-]Zva
Xpemw-C- {- , ]m]m-p-i, hrn-Iw-c
- a
- , {]t_m-[n\n,
[\p, kwh--c-Zo-]-{h-X, tamZ aIcw k-^-e,
]p{X-Z, Ipw`w jSvXn-e, Pb ao\w--hn-P-b, Ba-e-
In, taSw--]m-]-tam-Nn-\n, Ima-Z. CShwcq]n-Wn,
tamln-\n, anYp\w A]-c, \nP-e, In-S-Iw--
tbm-Kn-\n, imbn\n, A[n-am-k-n hcm-hp cv
Ia-e, ImaZ (]-fl-]p-cmWw D-c-J-WvUw)
268
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Hcp sIm-nse Ccp-]-n-\mev GIm-Z-in-
Ipw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw t]cn-n-p-v. 167
[\-Z, Ima-Z, ]p{X-Z, \nPe Fs-m-am-W-Xv.
At\Iw Zcn-{Zcpw Cm-ep-fpw Ipn-I-fn-m--
hcpw apw GIm-Zin t\mv Bbp-sm-Spn
Cpw HSp-p-p. Ahmpw [\-tam, A`n-
emj ]qn-tbm, km-\tam Dm-bn-. ao\-
am-k-nse shfp--]--nse NqSn Hcp
\mgnI t]mepw sh-an-msX Ign-p-Iq-p-hm
hnj-aa- m-bn-cns {hX-sa-Sp-p-h- Fp Zpcn-
X-am-W\ - p-`h
- n-p-Xv. hnti-jnpw _wKm-fnse
hn[-h-Iv GIm-Zin \mfn ISp Zpcn-
Xm-\p-`-h--fm-Wv.
Cu \n-b-cmb Iim-p-Imv Fgp-Xp-
tm a\-n Hpw-Xs Zb-hn-m-bn-cp-p.
\nP-ebvv kP-e-sbpw aI-c-nse ]p{X-
Zbvv \nP-e-sbpw t]cn-n-cp-s-n Ipsd-
sb-nepw \m-bn-cp-p. As-n Xs, Cu
t]m-mv Zb-bp-ambn Fp _\v[w? Bcp
Pohn-mepw acn-mepw t]mns hbdp \nd-b-
168. A\m ssh thZmx (ssX {_mx 3.10.11)
169 alm-`mjyw 1.1.1. Cu thZ-im-J-I-fpsS Fw
IrjvW-ssZz-]m-b\ thZ-hym-k\pw injy-{]-in-jy-
mcpw {]h-Nn--h-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. Ahbvpw {]mNo-\-
amb imJ-I tem]np t]mbn. Ah-bn Nne-Xn-
t\-n {]mXn-im-Jy-{K---fn ]cm-ai-ap-v.
Cp sFX-tcb {_m-W-ns _w
{]mNo\ sFX-tcb imJ-bp-am-bn-m-Wv. AXv tem]n-
p-t]m-bn. imSym-b\ - n, `m-hn, `mKpcn, XmWvUn XpS-
nb imJ-If - p-ambn _-s {_m-W - t- f-n
hymI-cW {Kfn kqN-\b - p-v. ]mWn-\npw
{]mNo-\-amb B]n-i-e-in--bpsS Bdmw JWvU-
n kmXy-ap-{Kn-bw, cmWm-b-\obw Fo t]cp-
I imJ-I-fp-sS-Xmbn ImWmw. tIcf kmlnXy
Am-Za - n-bpsS klm-bt- msS ]cn-`m-jI - Xm-
dmn hcp sshZnI kmlnXy Ncn-{X-n hni-
Z-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-npv). imJ-If - p-sSbpw
{_m-W--fp-sSbpw {]h-N\w {_m-E-jn-bpsS
Imew apX \S-p-h-cp-p. CX-h-km-\n-Xv
IrjvW-ssZz-]m-b-\-hym-ks injy-m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-
bm-Wv.
170. e`y-amb imJ-I . EtKzZw im-Iew AYhm
imMvJm-b\w (C-Xv ap-{Zn-X-a-) ip-b-qth-Z-
ns am[y-n\w AYhm ImWzw IrjvW-b-
Pqth-Z-ns ssXn-cobw (B-]-kvXw-_o)
ssa{Xm-b-Wo, ImT-Iw, ITw, I]n-jvT-ew, kma-th-
Z-ns IuYpao cmWm-b\n (A-ap-{Zn-Xw) AYhth-
Z-ns iu\-Iw, AYhm ss]-em-Zw.
(CXpw ]qW-ambn ap{Zn-X-a-)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ww. A{X-X-s.
K`n-Wn-Ifpw \h-hn-hm-ln-X-cmb kv{Xo]p-
cp-j-mcpw D]-h-kn-p-Itb Acp-Xv. Bs-
nepw D]-h-kn--W-sa-ns APoW
tam hni- n- m- b v a tbm D- t m i- c -
tN k_tm ]mtem Ignv D]-h-kn-
-Ww. hni-p-t- m `n-m-Xn-cn-p-Xpw
hni-n-msX `n-p-Xpw tcmK-km-K-c-n-
tep apmw-Ip-gn-bnv ZpxJw hcpn hbv-
em-Wv.
Kpcp--in-jy--a-t{m-]-tZ-i-
aX-a-Xm--c--fpsS Ncn{Xw
Fn-h-sb-n hWn-mw.
tNmZyw: hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m-k-{-Zm-b-m,
thZw A\--amtWm 168 Fp tNmZn-m-dp-v.
EtKz-Z-ns 21 bPpth-Z-ns 101-Dw kma-
th-Z-ns 1000-hpw AYh-th-Z-ns 9Dw
imJ-I-fp-v. 169 Ch-bn hfsc Ipdp imJ-
I am{Xta Cp e`n-p-p-q. 170 _mn
ep]vX-am-bn. Ah-bn hn{K-lm-cm-[-\, XoY-
Fn-hsb kw_-n {]am-W-
Dm-bn-cn-W - w. Cm-bn-cp-s-n ]pcm-W - -
fn Ch-sb-s\ hp? Imcys Iv Imc-
Ws A\p-am-\n-p--Xp-t]m-se 171 ]pcm-W-
- f n ImWp- I - b m hn{K- l m- c m- [ - \ - b n
Fn\p kwi-bn-Ww?
Dcw: imJ-I hr-n-\-\p-k-cn-m-bn-
cn-pw. hncp-a - m-bn-- . imJ-sN-dptXm heptXm
BI-s, sshcpyw Dm-hp-I-bn-. e`y-amb
imJ-I-fn Hnepw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw Pe-
-e-hn-ti-j-sf XoY--fmbn KWn-p-
Xpw Zriy-a-m-bvI-bm ep]vX-amb imJ-I-
fnepw Acw {]am-W- Dm-bn-cn-p-I-
bn-. IqSmsX thZ- ]qW-ambn e`n-n-p-
v. Ahbvp hncp--ambn Hcp imJbpw Dm-
hp-I-bn-. hncp--am-sW-n AXv imJ-bm-
sWv m]n-p-hm Bpw kmy-hp-a-
. Imcyw CXm-bn-cns ]pcm-W- ep]vX-
amb thZ-im-J-Iv A\p-kr-X-a-. km{-Zm-
bn-I ]c-kv]c hncp--amb IY-I Dmn
hn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
171. ]pI (Im-cyw) Iv Xotb (Im-cW
- w)
A\p-am-\n-p--Xp-t]mse.
269
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
thZ-sf \n Cuiz-c-Ir-X-sa-w-Ko-I-
cn-p-tm Biz-em-b-\mZn Ejn-ap-\n-am-cpsS
t]cn {]kn--amb {K-sf Fn\v thZ-
-fw-Ko-I-cn-pp? XSnbpw Cebpw Iv Ac-
bmtem t]cmtem amthm F-dn-bp-hm Ign-
bp--Xp-t]m-se, Ejn-ap-\n-am Fgp-Xnb thZm-
MvK-, \mep {_m-W-, AwK-,
D]m-MvK- D]th-Z- BZn-bm-bh t\mn-
bmWv thZmYw Xncn--dn-bp--Xv. AXn-\m-
et{X Cu {K-sf imJ-sbpw ]d-bp-
Xpw thZ-p hncp--am-bh {]am-W-am-
hp-I-bn-. A\p-Iq-e-am-bh {]am-W-a-m-Xm-hp-
Ibpw C. ep]vX-amb imJ-I-fn hn{K-lm-cm-
[-\-bp-tSbpw apw {]amWw Dsp ]d-bp
]w AXn hWm-{i-a-hy-h hn]-co-X-
am-bn-mWv D-sXv Nne hmZn-pw. iq{Z
{_m-W-\m-sWpw {_m-Wm-Zn-Isf iq{Z-
scp hnfn--W-sapw AK-ay-I Kay-I-fm-
sWpw AIhyw I-hy-am-sW-pw,
anYym-`m-jWw [a-am-sWpw kXy-`m-jWw
172. imJ-sb ]Zw hfsc {][m-\-am-Wv.
thZm-MvK-pw D]m-MvK-pw ChnsS
imJ-sbp {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv KuW-am-bn-m-Wv.
]-]mZn (5.25) Zi-]mZn (3.56) DWmZn
kq{X-f - n ioMvitb F [mXp-hn \nmWv
imJm kw-bpsS hypXv]-n. AXn-\m
thZmYw FhnsS ibn-p-pthm AXv imJ-bm-
bn. \ncp-n-Im-c 1.4 epw 6.32 epw iIvt\m-Xn-bn
\nv imJm i_vZw \nh-Nn-p--Xn-\m GXn-
\m thZmYw Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-pthm AXv
imJ FYw Inpw. Cu kmam-\ymYw kzoI-
cnp sImmWv AMvtKm-]m-MvK-v imJ-
sbv {K-Im-c Fgp-Xp--Xv.
173. hymk-in-jy-\mb ssPan-\nbpw av injy {]in-jy-
mcpw Ah-km-\s 1127 imJ-I-fpsS {]h-m-
-fm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m Ch-cpsS Imev imJ-
I-fpsS A`mhw Dm-bn-cptm F {]iv\ta DZn-
p-n. adnv a-t\Iw imJ-Ifpw Dm-bn-cp-n-
cn-mt\ hgn-bp-p. alm-`m-jy-Im-c-\mb ]X-RvP-
en-bpsS Ime-L- hpw alm-`m-cX - I
- m-e- n\v 500-1000
hjw apm-bn-cp-n-cn--Ww. Ct-l-ns
Imev sshZn-I-{K---fpsS ]T\ ]c-c An-
cp-n-. {Kma-tXmdpw imJ-If - psS A[y-b\ - hpw
A[ym-]-\hpw Dm-bn-cp-p. "{Kta {Kmta ImTIw
Imem-]Iw N t{]mNytX' Fv alm-`mjyw 4.3.-101
174. tbmK-imkv{X {]h-m-hmb ]X-RvPen
alm-`m-jy-c-N-bn-Xm-hmb ]X-RvP-en-tb-m
{]No-\-\m-bn-cp-p.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
A[a-am-sWpw apw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-spw
]d-bpw. Atm \nv R ]d
D-cta ]d-bm-\m-hq. AXm-bXv thZ-nepw
e_v-[-im-J-I-fnepw {_m-Wm-Zn-Iv A-
s\bpw iq{Zm-Zn-Iv A{]-Im-chpw Xs-
bmWv t]cp--sX-n-\m ep]vX imJ-I-fnepw
A- s \- X - s tb hcq Fv . As- n
hWm-{i-a-hy-h-bpw apw asmcp Xc-n-
em-bn-tm-Ipw, Hm-tem-Nnq ssPan-\n-bp-
tSbpw hymk-sbpw ]X-RvPe - n-bptSbpw Imew
173
hsc imJ-I-sfmw Dm-bn-cp-p-htm?
AtXm Cm-bn-cp-p-thm? Dm-bn-cp-p-sh-
n \n-fn--d-bp--Xn\v AY-an. Cm-bn-
cp-p-sh-n imJ-I Dm-bn-cpp F-
Xn\p Xs FmWv sXfnhv ? t\mq!
ssPan\n aoamw- k - b n kh- h n[ Ia- I m-
WvUhpw ]X-RvP-en 174 tbmK-hn-Zy-bn-e-S-n-
bn- c n- p kh- h n[ m\- I m- W v U hpw
thZm-\p-Iq-e-ambn kam-l-cn-n-p--tm. Ahn-
bn-sem-nepw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\tbntbm XoY-
m- \ - - s f- - ntbm kqN\ t]mep- a n- .
FhnsS\nv Fgp-Xm-\mWv? GsX-nepw thZ-
n-ep-m-bn-cp-s-n Fgp-XmsX hnSp-Itb
Cm-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m ep]vX-im-J-I-fnepw
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ apX-em-b-h-bpsS {]am-W--fn
Xs.
imJI thZ--f
Cu imJ-Is - fmpw thZ-f -
- . Fs-m
Ch-bn Cuiz-c-Ir-X-amb thZ--fpsS {]Xo-
I-sf kmwkvIm-cnI P\--fpsS Ncn-{X-ambn
hymJym-\n-n-p-v. AXn-\m Ah-sbmpw
thZ--f Fp Xs \n-bn--Ww. thZ-
175. thZ-f - n\nv Ncn{Xw Dm-p-hm {ian-p-Xv
sshZnI ]mc-c - y-s- - n-bp A-Xs - Impw
A]u-c-tj-b-Xm-hm-Z-ns Ax-k {Kln-m-
\m-hm--Xp-sIm-p-am-Wv. sshZn-I-kw--Iv
hyn-I-fp-ambn t\cnv Hcp _-hp-an-.
176. D-tc-y-bnepw tIc-f-sam-gn-sI-bp Zn-tW-y-
bnepw ]qPm-cn-I Cs\ t\cnv Bcm-[-I-tcmSv
Cc-p-p. tIc-f-n ]d-sb-Sp-v, PotWm-m-c-
Ww, Xpem-`mcw apX-emb hgn-]m-Sp-I Fn-s\
hyh-m-]qh-amb ]Ww ]ncn-hmWv F hyXym-
k-ap-v. tIc-fo-b-t-{X- Xt-i-`-c-W-tI-{-
fpw IqSn-bm-bn-cp--Xn-\m Iptd-qSn hyh-m-
]n-X-amb kmaq-lnI m]-\--fm-bn-cp-p. IqSp-
X Adn-bp--Xn\v ]cn-`m-j-Is ""hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-
bnse'' t{X-fpw kaq-lhpw F A[ymbw
t\mp-I.
270
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
-fn a\p-jy-\m-h-iy-amb Adnth D]-tZ-in-
n-p-q Hcp a\p-jy-tbpw t]c AXn-ep--
Xv 175. CXpw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS XnI
JWvU\w Xs-bm-Wv.
alm-]p-cp-j-msc \nn-
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ sImv {iocm-a, {ioIr-
jvW,\mcm-bW - , inh apX-em-bh - sc \nn-
p-Ibpw D]-lk - n-p-Ib- p-amWv sNp-X
- .v Ch-
scmw alm-cm-Pm-[n-cm-Pm--mcpw ChcpsS
`mcy-am-cmb koX, cpIvan-Wn, evan, ]mhXn
apX-em-b-h dmWn-am-cp-am-bn-cp-sv Fm-
hp-a-dn-bm-hp Imcy-am-Wv. Fm Ch-
cpsS hn{K-l- t{X--fnhv ]qPm-cn-
hKw ]n-sX-p-p. AXm-bXv Chsc `n-
m-cm-p-p-sh-Yw. ""hm--pt! bP-
am-\t\! apX-emfo! Ccp-m-s, Zi\w Ign-m-
s. koXm-cm-a-m, cpIvan-Wo-Ir-jvW-m,
AYhm cm[m-Ir-jvW-m, evao-\m-cm-b-W-
m, ]mh-Xo-in-h-m cp-aq-p-\m-fmbn
t\Zyw t]mepw CmsX IjvS-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
Cpw Hpw Inn-bn-. koXbvv aqpn
Dm-n-p-X-c-Ww. t\Zyw Ign-n-m t\Zn-
mw. DS-bmSIodn t{X-ns aqe-bn-Sn-p.
apI-fn \np tNm-bp-v. Dm-bn-cp--
sXms I sImp-t]m-bn. Fen-bpsS
ieyw Nn-d-b-. . 176shn-v FSp-p-
sImpt]m-bn. thsdbpm-m \nhr-n-bn-
m-X - p-sIm-mWv Ihn-Sn- - p-m-n-h- Xv''
cma-eo-ebpw cmk-{Io-Ubpw IqSn Ch \S-
m- d p- v. koXbpw cma- \ pw, cm[bpw
Irjv W \pw BSp- Xv Ah- c psS `- c mb
cmPmhpw alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\pw apw Iv B\-
n-p-p. t{X-f - n cma\pw koXbpw apw
\nevp-Ibpw ]ptcm-ln-X-mcpw kzman-bm-c-
mcpw apw ]p-sa--I-fn Dcp--X-e-bn-W-
I-fn Nmcn-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. sImSpw-
Nq-Snt]mepw tZh-msc ]qn-bn-n-v, kz-h-m-
bp-hn In-env Ch-cp-d-p-p. Nne ]qPm-cn-
I Ah- c psS \mcm- b - W s\ Nnan- g n- e - S v
apn s]mXnv Igp-n sIn-q-n-
smp \S-p-p. s]Ip-cv Ipn-p-c-
s\ ]-bn Xqn-\-S-p--Xp-t]m-se-bm-
Wn-Xv. Bcm\pw hn{K-l--fp-S-m-ep-Ss\ s\-
-Snv apd-hn-fn-Iq-p-p. ""koX-tbbpw cma-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
t\bpw As-n cm[m-Ir-jvW-m-sc, As-
n inh-t\bpw ]mh-Xn-tbbpw ZpjvS-m
Xn-bp-S-p. C\n \ sh--n \ inev]n-
sb-smv hn{Klw Xonv {]Xn-jvTn--Ww.
s\-`n-tjIw \S--Ww. bYm-in kw`m-
h\ sN-Ww.'' Fn-s\ Blzm\w sNp-
I-bm-bn. cma-eo-ebpw cmk-{Io-Ubpw Ignv
cma-t\bpw IrjvW-t\bpw koX-tbbpw cm[-
tbbpw sImv `n-sb-Sp-n-m-dpv. D-h-
fpw apw \S-p-tm Ipn-Isf Dn-Ir-
jvW-sbpw apw thjw sInv bmNn-n-p-
p. CsXmw F{X- I v em- I - c hpw
IjvShpw BsWv Btem-Nn--Ww. koXbpw
cma\pw apw C{X Zcn-{Zcpw bmN-I-cp-am-bn-
cptm? CX-hsc \nn-p-Ibpw D]-l-kn-p-
I-bp-a-s-n ]ns-mWv? B am\y-]p-cp-j-
msc CXn-e-[nIw A]-am-\n-p--sX-s\?
koXbpw cpIvan-Wnbpw evanbpw ]mh-Xnbpw
apw Dm- b n- c p Ah- k - c - n Ahsc
{]Zin- n- m hgn- b ntem hontem
\nm Ign-bp-am-bn-cptm? Ah-cpsS t]cpw
]dv Ccn-p-am-bn-cptm? koXbpw cma-\p-
sampw Cu aqV-m-cpsS hmp-tIv Cs\
sNp-Itbm sNm-\-\p-h-Zn-p-Itbm Cm-bn-
cp- p. Ahsc Cs\ A]- a m- \ n- p- Xp
Im X in \ImsX hnSp- a m- b n-
cptm? Ah-cn \np in Inm--Xp-sIm-
m-bn-cnmw ]qPm-cn-I-fpsS Ia-^-e-sa--
hw At\Iw hn{K-l-hn-tcm-[n-I Chv
{]kmZw sImSp- Xpw Cpw sImSp- p-
sImn-cn-p--Xpw. Cu ZpjvIaw XpS-cp-
thmfw Inn-sm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Bcym-
h- n\v {]Xn- Z n\w Dm- b n- s m- n- c n-
p am\-lm-\npw hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cpsS ]cm-
P-b-n\pw ImcWw Ccw {]hr-n-I-fm-Wv.
]m]-ns ^ew ZpxJ-am-W-tm. Cu inem-
hn-{K-l - f
- n-ep hnizmkw hf-sc-tbsd lm\n
hcp-n-h-n-p-v. CXp hnn-s-n A\Yw
{]Xn-Zn\w hn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw.
amc-Ww--tam-l\w
Ch-cn hma-amKn-I-fmWv henb Ip-m.
177. im]-c-X{w (_w-Km-fn) {]IoW-{]-I-cWw 44.
178. Sn. 41.
179. Ima-c-Xv\-X{w _oP-a{w. 4
271
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
injy-msc kzoI-cn-p-tm Ch at{m-]-
tZiw \Ip-Xp t\mpI:
Zw ZpcvKmssb \ax`wss`-ch - mb \ax sFw
{low nw Nmap-WvUmssb hnss.
_wKm-fn hnti-j-s GIm-co a{-
D]-tZ-in-m-dp-v. {low {iow. 177 nw
CXymZn [\m-Vy-mv ]qW-Ipw`m-`n-tj-
Ihpw \S-m-dp-v. CXp-t]mse Zi-alm hnZy-
I-fpsS a{w t\mpI:
{lmw {low {lqw hK- e m- a pssJy ^Sv
kzmlm 178Nne-bn-Sv lqw- ^v kzmlm 179
Fpw ]d-bpw. IqSmsX amcWw, taml-\w,
Dm-S-\w, hntZz-j-Ww, hio-I-cWw apX-emb
{]tbm-K- fpw sNp-p. AhnsS a{w sImv
Hpw km[n-p-n-. Fmw {Inb-I-fm-Wv.
Bsc-sb-nepw sImm amcWw sNp-tm,
sNn- p- - b m- f ns ] \nv ]Ww
hmpw. tKmX- p- s ]m- S n- s Imtm ap-
sImtm sImt-b - m-fns {]Xn-ab
- p-m-pw.
AXns Igp- nepw s\nepw \mUn- b n-
epsamw ]nmn Xd- b v pw. Inepw
ssIIm-ep-I-fnepw BWn-b-Sn-pw. ZpK-bp-
tStbm ss`c- h - s tbm {]Xn- a - b p- mn
ssIn {Xniq-ehpw ]n-Sn-nv sImt--bm-
fns {]Xn-a-bpsS s\n\p t\sc m]n-
pw. thZn-bp-m-n amwkhpw apw tlman-
m XpS- pw. ZqXm- f ns\ Abv hnjw
sImSptm atm Abmsf sImm t\mpw.
{Inb-I-fpsS CSbvv Abmsf sIm Ign-
m ss`c-h-sbpw tZhn-bpsSbpw knn-
bp--bm-fmWv Xms\pw ]d-bpw. "ss`cthm
`qX-\m-Y' Fsmw P]n-pw. Ch amcb
amcb, Dm-Sb Dm-S-b. hn-tZz-jb hntZz-jb,
Onn Onn, `nn-`n-n, hio-Ip-cp-h-io-Ip-
cp. JmZ-b-Jm-Zb, `b `b t{XmSb
t{XmSb, \mib \mi-b, aa i{Xq hioIqcp
hio-Ipcp lp, ^Sv kzmlm. 180 apX-emb a{-
P]n-p-p. aZy-amw-km-Zn-I b-tYjvSw
Bl-cn-p-p. knq-c-smv sXmSpp. Nne-
tm a\p-jysc ]nSn-IqSn Imfnv _en-sIm-
Sp-p-Ibpw tlman- \c-amwkw Xnp-Ibpw
sNp- p. Bsc- nepw ss`c- h o- N {I- n
180. Ima-c-Xv\-X{w Dm-S-\-{]-I-cWw 5.7
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
sNm amwkw `n-tbm aZyw IpSn-tbm
sNm ]w sImp tlmanp If-bp-Ibpw.
Ch-cn BtLmcn-Isf Iq arX-i-co-c-
nse amwkw IqSn `n-p--h-cm-Wv. AP-
co--_Pcn-I a\p-jy-cpsS aeaq-{X-fpw `n-
p-p. Ch-cns tNmfo-amKm, _oP-
amKnI Fp cp-X-c-m-cp-v. tNmfo-
amKn-I GsX-nepw cl-ky kt-X - ntem
`qan- - S n- b ntem Hcp m\- a p- m- p- p.
AhnsS Fm-h-cp-tSbpw kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j-m-
cpw, afpw acp-a - fpw, A s]mcp-samw
IqSn-tv aZy-amw-km-Zn-I `n-pp. ]pcp-
j-m Hcp kv{Xosb \-bmn Zpm-tZ-hn-
sbp t]cnv Kp]vtX{nb ]qP \S-p-p.
kv{XoI CXp-t]mse Hcp ]pcp-j-tbpw ]qP
Ign-pw. ]noSv IpSnp a-cm-bn--gn-bp-
tm Fm kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw "tNmfn" (Pm--
v) Ducn hen-sbmcp a]m-{X-n CSp-p.
AXn ssInv Hmtcm ]pcp-j\pw Hmtcm
tNmfn FSp-p-p. ssIn Inp tNmfn,
Abp-tS-tXm, s]-fptStXm, aI-fp-tS-tXm,
]p{X-h-[p-hn-ttXm Bbmepw icn XXvIm-e-
tv A- h `mcy- b mWv At\ym\yw
ZpjvIa- sNp Ch elcn aqm
Xn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Iptd-sh-fp-n\v
hontep aS-n-spw. ]ns A Abpw
aI aIfpw s] s]fpw ]p{X-h[p ]p{X-
h-[phpw Bbn-cnpw!
_oP- a mKn- I - k v { Xo- ] p- c p- j - k - a m- K aw
Ignv hocyw Ienb Pew ]m\w sNp-
p. CsXmw apn-amK-ambmWv Cu ]ma-c-
m Icp-Xp-Xv. hnZym-`ym-ktam, hnNm-c-i-
ntbm, k-\-kw-kKtam Cq-n.
ssih-aX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: ssih-a-X-m \-h-cmtWm?
Dcw: Fs\ \-h-cm-Im-\mWv? t{]X-
\m- Y - s \s\tbm `qX- \ m- Y \pw A- s \-
Xs. hma-amKn-I at{m-]-tZiw \evInbpw
apw ]Ww ]nSp-p--Xpt]mse ssihcpw
"Hmw \axinhmb' apX-emb ]m--c-a-{-
D]-tZ-in-bpw cp{Zm `kvam-Zn-I
[cn-p-Ibpw, atm Itm-sImv enMvK-ap-
181. Iutem-]-\n-jXv IpemW-h-X{w 11-mw Dm-kw.
272
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
mn ]qPn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. IqSmsX, lc
lc _w_w Fpw BSns i_vZw-t]mse
_Uv _Uv _Uv Fpw hmsImv i_vZ-ap-
m- p- I bpw sNpp. AXn\p ImcWw
_w_w ]d-m ]mhXn ktm-jn-p-
Ibpw inh tIm]n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.
`kvam-kp-cs apn\nv inh HmSn-bt- m
_w_w i_vZ-ap-m-p-Ibpw Ifn-bmn -ssI-
sIm-p-Ibpw sNvX-Xm-Wt{X Imc-Ww. AXp-
t]mse Ipc-h-bn-Sp--Xp-sImv inh- -{]-kmZn-
pIbpw ]mXn tIm]np-Ibpw sNp-at- {X.
]m-Xn-bpsS ]nXm-hmb Z-{]-Pm-]-Xn-bpsS
inc-k-dpv tlman-nv ]Icw BnXe hp-
]n-Sn-n-p. AXns i_vZ-a-\p-I-cnv BSns
i_vZw-t]mse Ipc-h-bn-Sp--Xm-sWv k-
ev]n-pp. inh-cm{Xn {hXhpw {]tZm-j-{h-
Xhpw apnam-Kambn Icp-Xp-p. AXn-\m
hma-amKn-I-sf-tmseXs ssihcpw {`m-
cm-Wv. Ch-cn I^tS, \mY, Kncn, ]pcn,
h\w, BcWyw, ]h-Xw, kmKcw, Krl-
Fn-s\ ]e hn`m-K-fpv. Nne cph-
n-bnepw Imhv k-cn-p--hcmWv.
AXm-bXv Nne ssih-a-Xhpw hma-amKhpw
kzoI-cn-p-p. Nne sshj-W-hcpw IqSn-bm-
Wv. Ah-cpsS kzcq-]-an-Xm-Wv. Ax-imm
_lnsshmx k`m-at[y N sshjvWhmx
\m\m-cq-][ - cmx Iuemx hnN-c
- n-al
- o-Xte (X-
{-tm-Iw) 181
AIta im AYhm hma-amKn-I,
]pdta ssih, AYhm cp{Zm `kvam-Zn-I
[cn-p--h, k`-bn sshjvW-h AXm-bXv
X hnjvWphns D]m-k-I-cm-sWp ]d-
bp-I. Cs\ hnhn[ cq]--fn hma-amKn-
I temI-n hnl-cn-p-p.
sshjvW-h-aX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: sshjvW-h \-h-ct?
Dcw: Fp-\-Xv? Ah-sc-tm-se-bmWv
Ch-cpw, sshjvW-h-cpsS eoem-hn-em-k-
t\mq!hnjvWp-hns ZmkcmWv X-sfv
182. Be-a-m-c-sa-Xv GtXm Xangv AYhm sXepv
kvXpXn-bm-Wv.
183. D-c-`m-c-X-nepw apw tIc-f-n-te-Xp-t]mse
kp-c-amb s\n-w C. ]Icw hnhn[ Nmb-
sImv Nn{XWw sNbvXmWv B\sb Hcp-p-
-Xv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kzbw A`n-am-\n-p-p. Ah-cn {iossh-jvW-
h AYhm N{Im-n-X apnb Iq-cm-sW--
h-Im-i-s-Sp-p.- AXnsemnepw Imcy-an.
tNmZyw:- FpsImv Imcy-an? Imcy-
ap-v. t\mq s\n-bn \mcm-b-W-s Nc-
Wm- c - h n- - n\p Xpey- a mb Xne- I - a p- v .
AXns a[y-n a-tcJbpXv {iobm-
Wv. AXn-\m R -
- sf {iossh-jvWh - s - cp
hnfn-p-p. \mcm-bW - s- \b-msX amscbpw
R hniz- k n- p- n- . inh- e nMv K w
R Zin-p-It]mepw C. -R--fpsS
s\n-bn D {io (e-van) AXp-sImv
en-p-sa--XmWv. ImcWw, R Be-
a-m-cmZn 182 kvtXm{X- sNmp-p. \mcm-
b-Ws\ a{-]qw ]qPn-p-p. ]ns-p-
sImv R \-h-c?
Dcw: \nfpsS Cu XneIw lcn-]m-Zm-
IrXnbp-Xm-sWpw a-hc evan-bm-
sWpw ]d-bp-Xp shdptXbm-Wv. Fs-
m AXp ssIsImpmnbXpw s\n-
bnse hc-bp-am-Wv. B\-bpsS akvXIw Ae--
cn-p-Xp 183 t]mse, \n-fpsS s\n-bn
hnjv W p- ] m- Z - ns Nnw F- s \- h p?
Bcm\pw sshIpWvTp-t]mbn hnjvWp-]mZw
-s\-n-bn Npn-Ip-n-psImp hpthm?
hnthIn: {io. PUtam tNX-\tam?
sshjvW-h-:-- tNX-\w.
hnthIn: Fn Cu tcJ PU-am-bX - n-\m
"{io"b {io Dm- n- b - X mtWm Atbm
Fp Rm tNmZn- p- p. Dm- n- b -
Xsn, CXp {iob- Fs- m Znh-
khpw CXv \n ssIsIm-p-m-p--Xm-
Wv. AXn-\m {iobm-hm hgn-bn-. eem-S-
n {iobm- W p- - s X- n Zpap- J - c mb
Htsd sshjv W h- c p- m- I m- Imc- W - s a-
mWv ? s\n- b n ev a n! hoSp- t Xmcpw
sX tPmen! [--n-pSnp hb-dp-
\n-dv Npn-n-cn-bepw! s\n-bn {iobp-ambn
alm-Zm-cn{Zyw ImWnpXv \ne--cp-tSbpw
hop-hn-Nm-c-an-m--h-cp-tSbpw ]Wn-bm-Wv.
Chn-Sb - n ]cn-Ime Fp-t]-cmb Hcp
-ssh-jvWh ` Dm-bn-cp-p. Abm If-
hpw, sIm-bpw, NXnhpw h\bpambn ]c-
273
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
[\w Ihv sshjvWh - p sImSpv kwXr-
]vX\- m-bn-sm-ncp-p. Hcp Znhkw Abmv
Ifhp apX Hpw Innbn-. hymIp-e-\mbn
Npn-n-cn-bth Xs ` ZpxJn-X-\m-bn-cn-
p- p Fv \mcm- b - W Adn- p. Hcp
tkns thj-sa-Spv B`-c-W--f-Wn-v
cY-n Ibdn {]Xy--\mbn. ]cn-Im-e-
ASpp sNv ""Fmw thKw FSppXtm,
As-n sImp-I-fbpw Fp ]d-p.
Fmw FSpp sImSp- p- - X n- \ n- S - b n
tamXncw Ducm Aev]w sshIn. ]cn-Im-e-
\mcm-b-Ws hnc apdnv tamXncw FSp-p.
kp-jvS\ - mb hnjvWp Xs NXp`pP icocw
Dmn Zi\w \evIn. Fnp ]-dp:
""\o Fs {]nb`. Ih [\w apgp-h
sshjvW-hp \evIp-p. \o tIaXs''.
]cn- I m- e - B B`- c - W - s fmw sshj-
Whp sImSp-p.
Hcn- [\-hm-\mb Hcp tkv ]cn-Im-es\
`rXy- \ mn. I- e n Ibn Zqsc- t Z- i p
sImpt]m-bn. Ahn-sS-\nv I-en AS-bv
Ib-n. ]cn-Ime Hcp ASbv ]nfv Hcp
]Ip-Xn-sb-Spv tkn\p sImSp-p. "Fs Cu
]IpXn ASbv I- e n CSp- I . Fnv
]IpXn ASbv ]cn-Im-es hI-bmbn I-en-
epv Fs-gp-Xn--cp-I'. Fp ]d-p.' \o
thW- s a- n- Bbncw FSp- p- s Im- pI
Fmbn tkv, ""Rm A[an-b-. I-\p-a-
. F\n-ss ]IpXn ASbv aXn'' Fp
]cn-Im-e ]d-p. ]mh-amWv, ip. Ahs
CjvSw \S-s Fp IcpXn tkv Fgp-Xn-
sm-Sp-p. kztZ-ip I Xpd-ap-J--
Spv ASbv Cdp-hm Xbm-dm-bn. Atm
]cn- I me ]dp: ""Fs hI ]IpXn
ASbv Xc- W w.'' tkv ]IpXn ASbv
FSpp sImSp-p. ]cn-Im-e _l-f-ap-m-
n. I-en ]Ip-Xn-]mv Ft-Xm-sWv
hmZn-p. tIkv cmPm-hns ka--n-se-n.
]cn-Im-e tkns Fgpv lmP-cm-n. I-
ense ""]Ip-Xn-mv'' ]cn-Im-e-t-Xm-sWv
AXn Fgp- X n- b n- c pp. tkv hfsc
hmZnsnepw ^e-ap-m-bn-. I-ense ]Ip-
Xn-mv Abmv Inn. AXv sshjvW-hv
Abm hoXn- p- s Im- S p- p. sshjv W - h
hfsc kp-jvS-cmbn. Ctm Cu Is,
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
sImm ]cn- I m- e s hn{Klw t{X-
fn {]Xn-jvTn-p-p.
Cu IY "`-am-e-bn-te-XmWv". sshjvW-
hcpw Ah-cpsS `rXycpw. \mcm-b-W\pw sIm-
kw-La - t- Fv _pn-amm Btem-Nn-p-t\m-
-s. aX-a-Xm--c--fn Hsms \-bp-m-
Im-sa-nepw Ah-bn-en-cpv Xopw \-h-cm-
Ip- h m km[y- a - . Ctm sshjv W - h -
cns D ]e hn`m-Km shtsd
XneI ame-I [cnp t]mcp-p. cmam-\-n-
I Ccp-h-ipw tKm]o-N--\hpw a[y-n
Nph hcbpw, \oam-h-X-m I\w Ipd
hcbpw \Spv Idp--s]mpw, am[-h Idp--
h-cbpw, KuU-_w-Km-fn-I ITm-cn-t]m-ep
Ipdnbpw cma-{]-km-Zn-I N{--e-t]m-ep
cp-h-c-Ip at[y Hcp shfp-s]mpw
Fn-s\ ]e Xc-n-emWv XneI [mc-Ww.
Ch-cpsS hymJym-\hpw {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-am-
Wv. cmam-\-n-I, Nphhc evan-bpsS
Nnam- W v . \mcm- b - W s lrZ- b - nse
{iobmWv, {ioIr-jvW-lr-Z-b-nse cm[-bmWv
Fsmw ]d-bp-p.
`-am-e-bn Hcp IY-bpv. Hcp-h hr-
p-h-n InS-p-d-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Dd--n
Abm acnp-t]m-bn. apI-fn-en-cp Im
ImjvSn-p. AXv s\nbn XneIw-t]mse
hoWp. ba-Zq-X-m Ahn-sS-h-p. hnjvWp-Zq-
X-mcpw hp. cp-Iq-cpw Xn hg-m-bn.
R-fpsS bP-am-\s B-{]-Imcw ba-tem-
I-p-sIm-p-t]mIpsav ba-Zq-X- ]d-p.
R-fpsS bP-am-\ sshIp-WvTp sImp-
sN-m Bm]nn-cn-p-p. t\mq Cbm-
fpsS s\n-bn hnjvWp Xne-I-ap-v. \n
Fs\ sImpt]m-Ipw? Fmbn hnjvWp
ZqX- m. ba- Z q- X CXv t Iv aS- n- t m- b n.
hnjvWp-Zq-X sshIp-WvT-n sImp-t]m-
bn. Abmsf \mcm-b-W sshIp-WvT-n
]mn-p.
AI- k v a mXv hoWp- I n- nb Xne- I - n\v
CXmWv amlm-fly-sa-n Adn-p-sImv
Xne-I-a-Wn-m \cIw hnp sshIpWvTw
{]m]n-m-sa--Xn FmWv kwibw! sNdn-
sbmcp Xne-I-a-Wn-m sshIp-WvTn
t]mIm-sa-n apJw apgp-h Idp-n-p-Itbm
te]\w sNbvItbm icocw apgp- h
274
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
]qipItbm sNbvXm sshIp-WvT - n-\p-a- pdw
Fm Ign- b p- - X t FmWv \psS
tNmZyw. CsXmw shdp hyam-Wv.
JmJn-I
JmJn-I Fsm-cp-Iqw `kva-[m-cn-I-fpv.
Ch Iu]o-\-n\p ]Icw Hcp ac--jWw
[cnv s\cn-tmSpw ]pIv PS hfn, kn-
thjw sIp-p. sImn-s\tmse [ym\n-p-
p. Imhpw, Iv, Nckv apX-em-b-hbpw D]-
tbm-Knv Ip Nph-nv \Sp Fm-h-tcmSpw
Hmtcm Dcpf tNmdp-hm-n-bpw, tKmX-p-s]m-
Sn, ]Ww apX-em-bh Ccpw Krl--cpsS
asf PmS Ibn hio-I-cnv injy-cm-nbpw
Ign-bp-p. Ch-cn `qcn-]-hpw Iqen-th-e-m-
cm-Wv. Bsc-nepw ]Tn-m XpSnbm-
Ch hne-p-p.
]Tn-Xhyw XZ]n a-hyw, Z ISm ItSXn
Inw I-hyav? k\ym-kn-am Fn\p hnZy
A`y-kn-p-p. ]Tn-mepw Hcn- acn-pw.
shdpsX hmbm- S p- Xpw ]p- d p- a p- Xpw
Fn\v? \mep-]mSpw Xom-S-\w, kw\ym-kn-
Isf ip{iq-jn-, cma-`-P\w sNbvI Ch
[mcmfw! AhnZymaqn-bpsS Zi\w Ign-n-
n-m--h JmJn-Pnsb Zin-m aXn. Ch-
cp-sS-b-Spv Bcp sNm-epw tamt\ tamtf
Fp hnfn-pw. Ah JmJn-Pn-bpsS Atbm
At\m Xpey-cm-bmepw icn A-s\tb hnfn-
q.
JmJn-sb-tmse, cpwJ-Sv, kqwJ-Uv, tKmZ-
Un-tb, Pam-Xvhm-te, kpX-tc-km-bo, AIm-en,
I\v^-tS, tPmKn, HuL-S184 apX-emb Iq-cp-ap-
v. Fmw Hn-s\mp saw Xs.
Hcp JmJn-bpsS injy {ioK-tW-imb \ax
Fp--cn-p-sImv InW-n\nv shw-
tImcm t]mbn. AhnsS Ccp Hcp ]WvUn-
X- {ioK-tW-kmP \taw Fv Dcn-p-Xp
tIv Abm-tfmSp ]d-p: ""kmt[m! \ns
Dm-cWw sXm-Wv. {io KtW-imb \ax Fv
184. bYm-{I-aw--a-c-Xp-ey DW--a-c-Xp-ey, Nmp-Sp-p-
-h, kJy saen kw\ym-kn-I, A\-iz-c
(kn-p-Im) ImXp-Xp-fb - , a-hk- {v X-m, hrn-
bn-m-h- . (184-184 hsc-bp ]Z-f - psS kmam\y
XP-a)
185. {Kw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
D-cnv''. Abm-fp-Ss\ shw \nd-p-sImv
Kpcp-hns ASppsNp ]d-p: "Hc-tmn
Rm\p--cn-n-WXv Akp--am-sWv Ahn-Sn-
cpp ]tdWp'. tIXpw JmJn Fgp-t\v InW-
dn-\-Spp sNp. ]WvUn-X-t\mSp Ibp.
""FtSm Xm! Fs injys\ hgn- s X- n-
ptm? \o Kpcp-hns ew 185 ]Tn-n-p-
tm? \n\v Hcp ]mTta Adn-bm-hq. F\nv
aqs--a-dn-bmw tItm. {koK-t\-km-P-taw.
{koK-t\-km-b--taw. {koK-tWkm-b-\-taw.
]WvUn-X: tImepw kw\ymko, hnZym-
`ymkw ITn-\-am-Wv. ]Tn-msX Hpw Adnhm-
In-.
JmJn: Xm t]mtSm. R Fm hnZzm-
m-scbpw Acp IpSn-n-pv. Im-hn-e-cv
H- h - e nv . kw\ym- k n- a m- c psS t]msmp
thsd. Xt-tm-ep a-m-sc--dn-bp-p!
]WvUnX: t\mq! \nv hnZym-
`ymkw Ds-n Fn-\m-Wv, A]-i-_vZ-
D-cn-p--Xv \nv Fmw Adn-bm-atm?
JmJn:- At! Xm \sS Kpcphm- I -
bmtWm? Xs D]-tZiw R tIn.
]WvUn- X : Fn\p tIWw!
_pntb C. D]-tZiw tIm\pw {Kln-
m\pw Adn-hp-th-Ww.
JmJn: Fm thZ-im-kv{X-fpw ]Tn-npw
kw\ym-knsb _lp-am-\n-m-h Hpw ]Tn-
m--h\v ka-am-Wv.
]WvUn-X: Bhmw. R kw\ym-kn-
amv tkh\w sNm-dp-v. ]t, \n-tf-
tm-ep Ipm-a-nmsc _lp-am-\n-m-dn-
. Fstm? kw\ym- k n- s b hmn\v ,
k\w, hnZzm, [manI, ]tcm]-Im-cn, apX-
embhscmwIqSntN ]pcp- j Fm-
Ww.
JmJn: t\mv. R cm]-I \-cm-
Wv. s\cn-tm-Sn Xo Imbp-p. Imhpw
Nckpw apw Iqn \qp-I-W-n\v ]pI-sb-Sp-p-
p. apqptIm IpIp-Sn-p-p. ]mjmW
sSnbp-sSbpw 186 I-dp-p-sN-Sn-bpsSbpw Ce-dn
186. Bgvsk-\nIv
187. sImSnev XosbSp-m-\p D]-I-c-Ww.
275
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Iqp-q. el-cn-bn cm shfp-n-p-p. temI-
sa-sv Adn-bp-t-bn-. `n-bmWv DuWn\v
Sn-v. cmhp apgp-h Npa. ASp-p-In-S-p-d-p-
-h\pw Dd--an-m-Xm-pw. C-s\-m-ap
knn-Ifpw kw\ym-kn-hpw Rp-v.
]ns Xms\n\v Rf \nn- p- p?
sIm-cp-Xm-tm-msc! \s D]-{Z-hn-p--
hsc \ `kva-am-n-I-f-bpw.
]WvUn-X: CsXmw aqV-m-cp-sSbpw,
sIm-cp-Xm--h-cp-sSbpw kw\y-kvX-c-m--
h-cp-tSbpw Imcy-am-Wv. \-h-cp-tS-X-. tItm-
fq. ""km[vt\mXn ]cm-Wn, [a-Im-cym-Wn,
kkm[px'' [a- b p- - a mb Da Imcyw
sNp, kZm ]tcm-]-Imc \nc-X-\mb, ZpKp-
W-an-m hnZzm\pw ktXym-]-tZ-jvSm-hpw, D]-
Im-cn-bp-amb BfmWv kw\ym-kn.
JmJn: Xmt]m-tSm. \o kw\ym-knsb
F-dnp? kw\ym-kn-bpsS t]mp thsd.
`b-s-Sp--cpXv. Cu sImSn-ep 187sImv Xcp-
samv. Xebpw s]mpw.
]Wv U nX: icnbmWv JmJo. Xs
hgnp t]mIq. \tmSp Ibt-. Cu cmPy-
ta-sXv Adn-bmtam? Bsc-nepw sImm
]nSn-Iq-Spw, ASn-In-pw. As-n h[-in--In-
pw. ]nsp sNpw? CsXmpw kw\ym-kn-
bpsS e-W-a-.
JmJn: FSm ]nttc! \n Cv Fp
IWn-bmWv ImWn-Xv?
]WvUn-X: \n- Hcn-epw \ alm-
flm--fpsS injy-\m-bn-n-. As-n C{X-
h-enb hnUvVn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-n-.
JmJn: \mwXs alm-flm-hm-Wv. asmcp
alm-flm-hns kmn-th-.
]WvUn-X:- `mKy-tZm-jn-I-fpsS _pn-bpw,
Zpc-`n-am-\-hp-amWv \n-fp-tS-Xv. Fv sNmw!
JmJn kzm\-tpw ]WvUn-X hon-
tepw t]mbn.
hb- JmJnbpw injy\pw
kybvp Zo]m-cm-[\ Ignv `kva-[m-cn-
I-sfmw, hr-\mb JmJn _[n-c-\m-Wtm
Fp I-cpXn kmmw-Kw, kmmwKw Fn-s\
]dv kmvSmwKw \a-kvI-cnv Npp-an-cp-p.
JmJn tNmZy-am-cw-`n-p.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
""FSm cmaZmkntb \o Fp ]Snp?''
""alm-cmPv Rm t_kv\p-k-l-k-cv\maw
]Tnp''
""FSm tKmhnZmkntb \o Fp ]Tnp?''
"" Rm cma-k-X-h-cmPw ]Tnp''.
cma-Zm-k- tNm-Zn-p. ""Asp ]Tnp?''
""Rm -KoX ]Tnp''
""Acp-S-Spv?''
JmJn: t]mSm sNdp-m, Rm\m-tcbpw Kpcp-
hm-mdn-. t\mv, \mw ]cm-K-bn ({]-bm-K)
Xma-kn-mv. \av A-cw-t]mepw Adn-hn-
mv. GtXepw Xmdp-]m-nb ]WvUn-ns\
ImWp-tm Cu hf---c-ns t]sc-m-
Wv. A-sa-m-Wv. As\ tNmZnv tNmZnv
]Xn-s\--Xymbw KoX ImWmsX ]Sn-p. Bcpw
Kpcp-hn-m-sX.
C{]Imc-ap m\i-{Xp- Ahn-Zym-`-
h-\-n Xs ]mnbn-s-n-et Ap-
X-apq! Ch el-cn-bn-msX {]a-cmI-m-sX
hg-p-m-msX Ccn-n-. Xo\pw -Iq-Snbpw
aWn-b-Sn-bpw, iwJ-pw, s\cn-tmSp In--
epw, Npnb-Sn--epw- A-msX bmsXmcp \-
Im-cyhpw sNm-td-bn-. ITn-\-ine Dcp-m-
\mm\pw Ign-t-pw. ]t Cu JmJn-
Isf Bfl-t_m-[-ap--h-cm-m hnj-a-am-Wv.
Fs- m iq{ZhWns Iqen-
mcpw, Irjn-m-cpw, Irjn-W - n-m-cpw, shw
tImcp--hcpw Ah-cpsS tPmen-bp-t]-nv
`kvaw ]qin sshcm-Kn-I Bhp-I-bmWv sNp-
- X v. hnZy, kwKw, Fnhtbn
Ahdnhn-. Ch-cn \mY-k-{-Zm-bn-I
"\ax inhmb' Fpw `kva-te-]n-I "\rknw-
lm-b-\ax' Fpw cmam-h-Xm-cm "{iocm-a-N-
{m-b-\ax' AYhm "{io koXm-cm-am-`ymw-\ax'
Fpw, IrjvtWm-]m-kI - "{iocm[m IrjvWm-
`ymw-\ax' AYhm "\tam-`-K-htX hmkp-tZ-hmb'
188. ]ucm-Wn-I-cmb kw\ym-kn-I ssIhiw hbvp
Ia-WU v e- p-hmWv Xqw_. AXn GXp-shw kqn-
mepw shw ip-am-Ipw. km-cn-I-fmb kw\ym-
kn-am ip-Pew e`n-p-hm kzoI-cn-n-cp eLp-
amK-am-bn-cpp CXv. Cs kw\ym-kn-am kqn-
p kap-{Z-^e - t- am, temltam sImp Ia-WU
v -
ep-h-, t]p-c-bvm-tm-Sm-Wn-Xv. Cu tmIw cma-
kvt\-lo-[a-{]-Im-iw, cma-]-S-e-n-ep-v.
276
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Fpw _wKm-fn-I "tKmhn-m-b-\ax' Fp-
ap a{--fmWv sNhn-bn P]n-p-sIm-Sp-p-
-Xv. CXp Ign-m Ah injy- cm- bn.
]noSv ]dbpw: Ipt! Xp-a{w sNmv.
Pew ]hn-X-cw, ew ]hn-Xcw InWdp
]hn-Xcw inh ]d-bs tItms ]m-Xn-
-Xqw-_m-]-hn-X-cw. 188
C-s\-sbmw ]d-bp--h hnZzm-mtcm
temI-n\p]Im-cn-Itfm BIptam? `kva-[m-
cn-I cm]-I s\cn-tmtSm Bgntbm Iqn
hnd-sI-cnp If-bp-p. Hcp amkw Ch sNe-
h-gn-p hnd-In\p ]Icw In-fntbm atm
hmn D]-tbm-Kn-m \qdn-sem-cp-`mKw ]Ww-
sImv kpJ- a mbn Ign- b mw. Cu _pn
Ahs-hnsS \np Inm-\mWv? Bgn-p-
Nppw Ccn-p--Xp-sImv NqSp-Im-bp--Xp-
sIm-v Ch X]-kzn-I-sf t]cp [mcWw
sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Fn Imp-a-\p-jy Ch-
tc-m X]-kznIfmbn-cnpw! kwi-b-an-. PS-
h-v, `kvaw [cn-v, XneIw [cn-v, X]-kzn-I-fm-
Im-\m-hp-sa-n Bs-m-Wm-Im Ign-bm-
Xv? Ch ]pdta XymKn-Ifpw AIta t`mKn-
I-fp-am-Wv.
I_o ]n-I
tNmZyw: I_o ]n-I \-h-ct?
Dcw: A.
tNmZyw: Fp- s Im- ? Ah hn{K-
lmcm[\m-hn-tcm-[n-I-fm-Wv. I_o ]pjv]--
fn \np-m-bn. HSpw ]pjv]-am-hp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. {_m hnjvWp atl-iz-c-mp
app Xs I_o Dm-bn-cp-p. thZ--]p-cm-
W-p-t]mepw Adn-hn-m Imcy--f-dn-
bm-hp alm-kn--\m-bn-cpp At-lw. kXy-
ns hgn ImWnXv Atlw am{X-am-Wv. Ch-
cpsS a{- "kXy-\maw I_o' apX-em-b-
hbmWv.
Dcw: Ipw apw shSn- v , In,
Itkc, Xe-bnW saXn-b-Sn, Zo]w apX-em-b-
hsb ]qPn-p-Xv Hpw hyXy-kvX-a-. I_o
Hcp hm-bn-cptm? AtXm samtm? F-
s\-bmWv Atlw ]qhn \np-m-bXpw
]qhm-bn-oXpw? CXp-ic - n-sb-n C\n ]d-
bp- Xpw t\cm- t b- mw. Imin- b n- s emcp
s\bvp-Im-c\pmbn-cp-p. Abmv Ipn-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
I-fn-m-bn-cp-p. Hcp Znhkw shfp-n\v DuSp-h-
gntb \S-p-tm Hcp ]pjv]-q-S-bn Ap
cm{Xn P\n Hcp Ipnsb Ip. AXns\
FSpv Xs `mcybvv sImSp-p. Ah B
Ipnsb hfn. Ipn {]mb- a m- b - t m
s\bvp tPmen sNbvXp hp. ]noSv Hcp
]WvUn-Xs ASpv sNv kwkvIrXw ]Tn-
m-\m-hi - y-s-t- m "\mw s\bvp-Imsc ]Tn-
n-m-dn' Fv ]dv A]-am-\n-p-hn-p.
hopw ]e-tcbpw kao-]n-p. Bcpw ]Tn-n-n-
. HSp-hn X\np tXmnb `mj-bn hnZym-
`ym-k-an-m--hsc Hmtcmpw ]Tn-n-p-hm-\mw-
cw-`n-p. Xw_pcp aon ]mSp-Ibpw `P-\I - Be-
]n-bpw sNbvXp. hnti-jnpw ]WvUn-X-m-
tcbpw thZ-im-kv{X--tfbpw \nnp t]mp.
Nne aqV-m CubmfpsS he-bns]-p acn-
-tm Nne tNv Ct-ls kn-\m-
n. Pohn-n-cns injyzw kzoI-cn--h
]noSv ap--hsc ]Tn-np t]mp.
sNhn-b-Sp ]nSn-m tIp i_vZ-
n\v Ch "A\-lX' i_vZ-sav t]cn-p.
at\m- h r- nv "kpcXn' Fp ]d- b p- p.
CXns\ i_vZw tIp--Xn Dd-n--Ww.
AXn\v k-[ym-\-sapw Cuiz-c-[ym-\-sapw
]d-bp-p. AhnsS Ime-\p-t]mepw kao-]n-m-
\m-hn-. Ip-ns BIr-Xn-bn-ep Xne-
Ihpw N-\-am-ebpw [cn-p-p. Cu amKw
Btflm--Xntbm mt\m--Xntbm Dm-
Iptam Fp Nnn-p-I. CsXmw shdpw Ipn-
-fn-I Xs.
knp-aX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: ]m-_n- Kpcp-\m-\mv Hcp aXw
{]N- c n- n- p. Atlw hn{K- l m- c m- [ - \ sb
FXnp. apkam- m- c m- h p- - X n \nv
cn-p. Atlw kw\ym-kn-bm-bn-, Krl-
m-{iaw XpSp. At-l-ns Bibw
\-Xm-bn-cp-sv Cu at{m-]-tZ-i-n
\nv shfn-hmIpw:
""Hmw kXy-\ma Icvm ]pcpjv \ncvt`m
\ncvsshcv AIm-e-aqcvv AtPm\n kl`w
Kpcp-{]-kmZv P]v. BZn-k-Nv, PqKm-Zn-k-Nv,
ssl`o kNv, \m\Iv tlmko`o kNv'' 189
189. P]vPn, ]uUn 1
277
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
"Hmw FXv BcpsS kXy-\m-a-amtWm B
Im-hmb ]pcp-j \n`-b-\pw, sshc-c-ln-
X- \ pw, AIm- e - a qn AYhm Ime- _ - -
nepw P-_ -- -nepw hcm--h-\p-a-t{X.
Kpcp-Ir-]-bm Ahs \maw P]n-p-I. B
]c-am-flmhv BZn-bn kXyw, bpK-f - psS BZn-
bn kXyw, h-am-\n kXyw, `mhn-
bnepw kXyw Xs.
Dcw: Kpcp-\m-\m-ns Bibw \-Xm-
bn-cp-p. ]t Hpw hnZzm-\-m-bn-cp-p. B
{]tZ-is {Kma--fnse `mj am{Xw Adn-bm-
am-bn-cp-p. thZmZn imkv{X-tfm kwkvIr-
Xtam Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-n-. Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-
n "\n`b' F-Xn\v "\nt`m' Fs-gp-Xp-
-sX-s\?
CXn- \ p- Z m- l - c Ww Atlw Fgp- X nb
kwkvIr-Xn-kvtXm-{X-am-Wv. kwkvIr-X-nepw
\ne-bp-d-n--W-sav B{Klw Dm-bn-cp-p.
Fm, ]Tn-m-sX-s\ kwkvIrXw hi-
amIpw? Hcn-epw kwkvIrXw tIn-p-t]m-ep-
an-m B {Kmao-Wn-S-bn kwkvIrXn
kv t Xm{X- s a- g pXn ]Wv U n- X - \ m- b n- m- W pw.
kzw am\w \ne-\np--Xn\pw JymXnpw
B{K-l-an-m-bn-cp-s-n Cs\ sNp-I-bn-
m-bn-cp-p. Xs AwKo-I-cn--W-sa--tlw
B{K-ln-n-cp-p. As-n X\n--dn-bm-am-bn-
cp `mjtb {]tbm-Kn-p-am-bn-cp-p-q. Xm
kwkvIrXw ]Tn-n-n-spw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-p.
Zpc-`n-am\w kzev]w Dm-bn-cp-p--A-Xn-\-\p-k-
cnv Ionpw AwKo-I-cm-n\pw thn
Aev]w Uw`pw ImWn-n-cp-p. At-l-ns
{K-n Ap-anpw thZ-\n-bpw thZ-
kvXp-Xnbpw ImWmw. As\ Fgp-Xn-bn-s-
n Bsc- nepw thZmw tNmZn- pw.
Dcw Adn-p-Iq-sS-n AwKo-Imcw \jvS-
s-Spw. AXn-\m t\ct Xs kzw
injy-m-tcmSp Nne-tm thZ-n\p hncp--
ambpw Nne- t m thZ- n- \ - \ p- I q- e - a mbpw
]dp t]mp. DZm-l-c-W-n\v thZv ]VXv
{_m atc, Nmtdmw thZv Ilm-\n. kv In
alnam thZv \ Pm\o. \m\mIv {_-m\o
190. kzev]w hymXym-k
- t- fm-sS, Bkm 1.10 cmP-Xn-ewKw
1.1., kpJva\o ]uUn 78, 86 Fn-h-bn Ch
\mepw ImWmw.
191. aXw amdp--Xn\nv cn-s-Yw.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
B]v ]c-ta-iz-cv, 190 (thZw ]Tnv {_mhv acn-
p. \mep thZhpw IY, kns alna thZ-a-
dn-bp-n-, \m\mIv {_-m-\n-bmb Cuiz-
c-\m-Wv.) thZw ]Tn--h acn-s-n \m\m-Iv,
ac-W-an-m--h-\mWv Xms\v [cn-n-cptm?
At-lhpw acn-nt? thZw Fm kXy-hn-Zy-
I-fp-tSbpw `WvUm-ca - m-Wv. \mep thZ-fpw IY-
bm-sW-p-]-d-bp--h-cpsS hmp-I-sfmw IY-
bmWv. kv Fp ]d-bp aqV-m-cmb ]mh-
v thZ--fpsS alna Hcn-epw Adn-hm-
Ip-I-bn-. Kpcp-\m-\mIv thZ-sf am{Xw kzoI-
cn-n-cp-s-n At-l-ns aX-k-{-Zmbw
{]N-cn-p-I-bn-m-bn-cp-p. At-l-n\p Kpcp-
hm-Im\pw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. kwkvIr-X-hnZy
A`y-kn-msX ap--hsc ]Tn--nv Fs\
injy-cm-m-\mWv!
Kpcp\m- \ mIv P\n Imev ]m_v
Xopw kwkvIr- X - h nZym hnlo- \ hpw
apkam-m-cm ]oUn-X-hp-am-bn-cp-s-Xv
t\cm-Wv. Atlw Iptdtsc cnp. 191
Kpcp-\m-\m-ns Imev At-l-n\v hfsc
injy-mtcm kzw aX-n\v {]Nm-ctam Dm-
bn-. hnZzm-m-c-m--hsc acn-p-I-gn-m
kn-m-cm-p k{-Zm-ba - m-Wtm D-Xv. ac-
W-ti-j-amWv At-l-ns\ Cuizc Xpey-
\mn _lp-am-\n-X - v. Kpcp-\m-\mv henb [\-
hm-\m-bn-cp-n-. Fm injy-m At-
ls henb kn\pw {]Xm-]nbpw sFiz-cy-
im-en-bp-amn "\m\Iv Nt{m-Zbw' "P-imJn'
apX- e mb {K- - f n Nn{Xo- I - c n- n- p- v .
\m\mIv {_m-hns\ Iv hfsc kw`m-jWw
\S-n, Fm tZh-mcpw At-ls _lp-
am--\n-p. At-l-ns hnhm-l-n\v hf-sc-
tbsd B\- I - f pw, cY- - f pw, IpXnc- I - f pw,
kzw shn, apv ]hn-gw, apX-em-b-h-bm
hn`q-jn-X-ambn hp, AaqeycXv\-vA
hpw Adp-Xn-bp-an-m-bn-cpp Fsmw Fgp-
Xn-n-Sn-n-n-p-v. CsXms ]pfp-h-s-n
]ns-mWv? CsXmw injy-m-cpsS ]Wn-
192. knp-Im-cnse kpYtc imlv F-bm-fns A\p-
bm-bn-I
193. ]pc--cWw Hcp-Xcw ]qP-bm-Wv. GsX-nepw tZh-
X-bpsS a{w D-cnv tlmaw \S-p-p. henb
in B tZhX \Ip-sav hnizm-kw. ChnsS
ZpK-bm-bn-cpp tZh-X.
278
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
bm-Wv. Kpcp-\m\m-ns Ip-a-. ]noSv Ct-
-l-ns ]p{X DZmkn Fpw Kpcp-cm-a-Zmkv
apX-em-b-h "\nem' Fpw cp hn`m-K-
-fp-m-n. ap Kpcp--m B[n-]X -- y-n-en-
cns {K- - s f- g pXn aqe- { K- - t mSp
tNp. Ch-cn ]m-a-\mWv Kpcp-tKm-hn--
knw-l. At-l-n\p tijw {K-n
Iqn- t - e p- m- b n- . Ap- h - t c- b v p
sNdp-]p-kvX-I--sfmw Iqn-tv H {K-
am-n. \m\mn\p tij-ap-mb Kpcp--m
]pcm-W-I-Y-I-tf-tmse At\Iw IY-I-sf-gpXn
At-l-ns {K-n tNp Fp ]d-
p-htm? Fm "{_-m\n Cuiz-
c\m'sW knmw Chv henb Ipg--
-fp-m-n. Kpcp-\m-\mv henb {]m[m\yw
sImSp ssZhn-I-amb Awi- Ah Ah-
K-Wn-p. \m\m-ns ]mc-cyw am-an-msX
XpSn-cpsn \m-bn-cp-t-t\. Ctm
X-tf-hpw apn-b-h-cm-sWv DZm-kn-Ifpw
AXp-t]mse \n-e cpw Ah-Im-i - s- S th
AIm-en-Ifpw kpX-tc-l-kmbn 192Ifpw AtX
Ah-Im-i-hmZw D-bn-p-p.
Cu Kpcp--m-cn tKmhn--knw-l Akm-
[m-cW [oc-\m-bn-cp-p. At-l-ns apKm-
an-I apkvfo--fpsS sImSpw ]oU-\-v
Cc-bm-bn-cp-p. AXn\p {]Xn-Imcw sNm
Atlw Cn- p. Fm At- l - ns
] Bh-iy-amb kma-{Kn-I-sfmpw Cm-bn-
cp-p. apK B[n-]Xyw AXns Dm-h--
bn Fp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Atlw Hcp ]pc-
-cWw 193 \S-n. AXns kam-]vXn-bn
Cs\ {]Jym-]np: ""F\nv tZhn {]Xy--
bmbn hchpw hmfpw \In- b n- c n- p- p.
apkam-m-tcmSv bpw sNm Bm-]n-
bpw hnPbw Dd-m-sWv A\p-{K-ln-bpw
sNbvXn-cn-p-p''. hf-sc-t At-l-s
IqsStp. hma-amKn-I ]-a-Im-c--fpw,
N{Im-n-X ]-kw-kvm-c-fpw \S-n-em-n-
b-Xp-t]mse Atlw "]-I-Imc' \S-
m-n. Ch bpn-\p-]-I-cn-p-p. 1. tIiw
Xe-apSn \on hfp-I. CXv hmfn \npw
hSn-bn \npw Ipdp c \Ip-p. 2. I-
Ww hf. CXv Xebvpw ssIbvpw Hp kwc-
Ww \evIp-p. 3. Im. (\n-) apn\v apI-
fn DSp- p- s I- p Cu hkv { X- h n- t ijw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
HmSm\pw NmSm\pw kuIcyw \evIp-p. KpkvXn-
m-cpw, \S-mcpw CXp-Sp-p-p. ico-c-ns
a- m\w kwc- n- m\pw Bbm- k - a n-
msX \om\pw CXp sImmw. 4. Im. (No-
v) Xe-apSn NoIn-sh-bvm-\p-]-I-cn-p-p. 5.
ImNq As-n Ir]m-Ww. (I-Tmc apX
hm hsc) CXpw bp- n\p sImmw.
CsXmw B Ime-t-bvp- thn Kpcp-tKm-
hn- - k nw- l kz_p- n- b p- ] - t bm- K nv \-
SmnbXm-Wv. Cv Ch-sImv {]tbm-P-\-
sam-p-an-. bp-n-\pthn Ap {]bp--
am-bh Cv aX-ns `mK-ambn amdn-bn-cn-p-
p.
Ch hn{K-lm-cm-[\ \S-p-n-s-n-epw,
AXn\p ]Icw {K\vY]qP \S-p-p-v. AtN-
X-\-amb GXn-s-sb-nepw ap]n Xe-Ip-\n-
p--Xpw, AXns\ ]qPn-p--Xp-samw hn{K-
lm-cm-[-\-X-s-bm-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[-I `n-
--hSw \Sn hbdp ]ng-bvp--Xp-t]mse
Cq-cpw sNp-p. ]qPm-cn-I Zi\w \S-
n-p-Ibpw hgn-]m-Sp-I Ign-n-p-Ibpw
sNp- - X p- t ]mse \m\Iv k{- Z m- b - m
{K-]qP \S-p-Ibpw hgn-]m-Sp-I Ign-n-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. hn{K-lm-cm-[I - thZs BZ-
cn-p--{Xbpw Cq- BZ-cn-p-n-. Ch
thZ- In-p-an tIn-p-an Fp ]d-bm-
hp- - X m- W v . Fp sNmw. ImWp- I tbm
tIp-Itbm sNm CS-h-cp-, \n_--
_p-nbpw Zpcm-{K-ln-bp-a-m _pn-am-m-
cmb GXp k{-Zm-b-mcpw thZ-aXw kzoI-cn-
p-I-Xs sNpw. Ch `-W-kw-_-n-
bmb Htsd A\m-Nm-c- Cm-Xm-n-bn-p-
v. AXp-t]mse hnj-bm-k-nbpw Zpc-`n-am-
\hpw XyPnv thZ-a-Xs t]mjn-n-m
\m-bn-cn-pw.
ZmZq-]n JWvU\w
tNmZyw:- ZmZq-]-n-aXw \-Xt?
Dcw: \Xv thZ-am-amWv. kzoI-cn-m-
\m-hp-sa-n kzoI-cn-p-I. A-s-n kZm
194. t]Pv 441-3-mw hcn apX D JWvUnI t\mp-
I.
195. cmP-m-\nse DZ-b-]q cmPy-nse Hcp kma--
cm- P y- ns Xe- m\w `ohmU F
sdbnth-t-j\v 56 In.-ao. Ing-v.
279
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
sXmb am-n s]p-t]m-Ipw. ZmZq P\n-
Xv KpP- d mnemWv. ]noSv Pb- ] q-
cn\Spp Bta-cn ]mp. F---h-
S- a m- b n- c pp tPmen. Cuiz- c - k r- j v S n- b nse
hnNn{X eoe-I-fn HmWv ZmZq-Pnsb ]qPn-
m- \ m- c w- ` n- - X v . Ct- l - ns injy- m
thZmZn imkv{X--fn ]d-n-p--sXmw
shSnv "ZmZq-dmw, ZmZqdmw' P]-n am{Xw
apn Is-p-p. ktXym-]-tZ-i-I-cn-msX
hcp-tm Ccw A-hn-izm-k--fp-m-
Ipw. 194
cma-kvt\ln aXw.
Ip-dp Imew ap]v cma-kvt\ln Fsmcp
aXw imlv]pc 195bn P-sa-Sp-p. Ah
thtZm--amb [--sfmw shSnv "cma-
-cma' P]n-p-Xp Xs t{ijvT-sapw AXn-
emWv m\ [ym\-ap-n-I-sfpw hniz-kn-
p-p. ]t hni-p-tm cma-\m-a-n
\np DuWv e`n-p-I-bn-. `y-t]-b-
Krl-c - psS ] \nt Inq. Ahcpw hn{K-
lm-cm-[-\sb FXnpp. Fm Hmtcm-cp-
cpw kzbw hn{K-l--fm-hp-I-bm-Wv. Cq-
kZm kv{XoI-fp-am-bmWv km-cw. Fs-m
cma\v "cman' Cs-n B\--e-_v[n-bn-. cma-
kvt\lnaX-s-n Nne hnh-c--sf-gp-Xmw.
kvZmkvPn Fgp-Xn-b, cma-kvt\-ln-I-fpsS Hcp
{K-n C{]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p.
""`cav tcmKv k_vlo anSym, cSym \ncRvP\v
cmC, X_v Pav ImImKPv ^Sym ISym
IcvavX_v PmC (\n-c-RvP\ cma-\maw P]n--
tm Am-\w {`aw \in-p. Atm
bas \nb-a] - miw s]mn, I-_ - hpw Ap-
t]m-bn) "cma cma' Fp P]nm {`awA-
m-\w--A-I-ep-tam-sbpw ]m]-n\p X
in-sb ba-\o-Xn-bpw, sNbvX I-n
\np hnSp-Xepw e`n-p-tam-sbpw _pn-am-
m Nnn-s CsXmw a\p-jys\ ]m]-
n IpSp-p-Xn\pw a\p-jy-Pw \jvSam-
p--Xn-\pta sImmhq. ChcpsS apJy-Kp-cp-
hm-bn-cpp cmavN-c. At-l-ns hmp-
I:
alam \mwh {]Xm]vIo kpWu kc-aWv
NnXv emC. cma-N-cWv ck\m cSu {Iav kIev
QSv PmC. Pn\v Pn\v kpacym \mwhv Iqw
tkmk_v DXcym ]mcv. cmavN-c tPm hok-
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
cym, tkmlo Pav tI Zzmcv. cmavhn\m k_v
QpTv _Xm-tbm. cmav `PXv OqSym k_v{Im
Nv Acp kqcv tZC ]c-I-m. cmav tlw
Xn\Iqw ss`\mlnw Xo\v temIvtaw IocXn
Kmlow. cmav cSXv Pav tPm \ emssK. cmav
cmav enJv ] Xcm- b n. `KXn tlmXn
HuXmcv ln [cvln DuwNv \oN Ipe-t`Z hnNm-
ssc, tkmtXm P\a B]- t Wm- l mssc
kwkmw ssI Ipev Zossk \mlow, cma cma
Ilv cmav kw lm-avlow. sFtkm IpW tPm
IocvXn Kmssh lcn-l-cn-P\ Iu ]mc \ ]m
ssh cma kwXmw Im A \ Bssh B]v
B]vIo _pn ka Kmssh.
""\maw P]n-p--Xns {]tbm-P\w {i-
tbmsS tIp-I. cma-N-cW \mhv \n-tfm-
sSmw P]n-p-p. AXv Ign I--sf-
sbmw Cm-Xm-pw. P]n--h-scmw A-sc-
I-S
- p. ad-h
- s
- cmw bas kn-[n-bn-tepw
B\-bn--s-p. cma-\-m--sXmw anYy-bm-
Wv. Fm I-fpw cma-kva-c-W-bn \in-
p-p. kqcy N{-m P]-m-c\p Nppw
{`aWw sNp-p. cma-s\p ]d-bp--h\v `bw
hcn. -{Xn-tem-I-fpw Ahs\ Ion-p-
p. \n cma-s\p P]n-q. temIw, Hcp
Nppw sNp-I-bn-. cma cma Fs-gp-Xnb
Iv Pe-n s]mn-n-S-pw. cma Ah-X-
cnXv kz`--kw-c--W-n-\m-Wv. D-\o-N-
Xz- Nnn-p IpSpw-_-t`Zw Nnn-p
B Ahs Pw apSn-pp. kw\ym-kn-Isf
kw_-nv IpSpw_w A{]-k-w. Ah cma
cma Fp P]n-p-Ibpw cma-\n ebn-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. Bpw cma-\ma alXzw apgp-h
{]I-Sn-n-m-\m-hn-. lcn-bpsS alXzw Af-
m-\m-hn-. cma ]d-bpp kp--fpsS
in A-a--Xm-Wv. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-\-
hs in-smv ]mSp-p.
cma-N-c-Ws ]pkvXIw t\mp-tm a\-
n-em-m-hp Imcy-am-Wv, Cu a\p-jy Hcp
km[m-cW {Kmao--W\m-bn-cpp FXv. ]Tn-n-
m--bm. As-n C-s\-sbmsbp
Akw-_w Fgp-Xn-n-Sn-np-ambn-cptm?
cma cma Fp ]d- b p- - X p- s Imv I-
196. tJUm]m cma-kvt\lnIfpsS tI{-am-Wv. cmP-m-
\nse \mKuPn--bnse Hcp km[m-cW {Kma-am-
Wn-Xv.
280
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
n\nv ap-cm-Im-sap ]d-bp-Xv shdpw
{`a-am-Wv. CXv Xtbpw ap--h-cp-sSbpw Pw
]mgm-mt\ sImm-hq. ba-`bw alm-`bw
Xs-sb-nepw, cm]-I cma cma Fp P]n-
p-sIm-n-cp-mepw, I-m, sIm-m,
hym{Lw, kw, tX, sImXpIv apX-em-b-h-
tbm- S p `bw hnp- t ]m- I p- n- . ic,
ic Fp ]- d - m a[p- c n- m- - X p-
t]mse kXy-`m-jWw apX-em-bh sNmsX
cma cma Fp P]n-p--Xp-sImv Hpw
t\Sm-\m-Ip-n-. cma cma Fp ]d-bp-Xv
cma tIp-nsn PohnXw apgp-h
As\ ]d-mepw cma tIp-I-bn-.
AYhm tIm ]noSv hnfn-p-Xpw hyY-
am-Wv. Ch hb-n-n--gn\p thn-bpw A\y-
cpsS Pw ]mgm-n-I-f-bp--Xn\p thnbpw
Dm-n-h A-lo-\-amb Gm-Sm-WnXv.
t]cv cma-kvt\-lnbv!. hmkvX-h-n Ch
cmk-kvt\-ln-I-fm-Wv. Chp Nppw kZm
thiy-I hne-kp-Xp ImWmw. C-s\-sb-
m-ap A\m-Nm-c - {]N-c n-m- Xn- c pp
Fn Bcy-h-n\v Cu ZpKXn kw`-
hn- p- I - b n- m- b n- c p- p. Ch injy- msc
Fn Xop-p. kv{XoIt]mepw Chsc
kmjvSmwKw \a-kvI-cn-p-p. GIm--ambn
kv{XoI k\ym-kn-am-cp-ambn kl-hk
Ch-cpsS asmcp imJ amhmUv tZi-nse
"tJUm]m' 196 F {Kma-n Dmbn. Ah-
cpsS IY-bn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv:
sNcp-p-Ip-nbmb cma-Zm-k alm Iui-
e-m-c-\m-bn-cp-p. Cbmv cp `mcy-am-cp-
m-bn-cp-p. Abm hfscmew Ah-[q-X-
t\-tmse \mbv-fpsS `Ww Ign-bvp-
Ibpw apw sNbvXn-cp-p. ]noSv hma-amKnbpw
cma-tZ-hs Ima-Un-bbpw 197 Bbn. Cbm-fpsS
`mcy-amcpw IqsS-m-Sp-am-bn-cp-p. As\ Npn-
-dn koY {Kma-n 198 sNcp-p-Ip-n-
bpsS Kpcp-hmb lc-cm-a-Zm-kns ASp-
197. cmP-]q-m-Wn-bnse sNcpp Ipn-I a-hkv{Xw
[cnv "i_vZ' sav Ah ]d-bp ]mp-I cma-
tZ-h-sbpw apw ]mSn \S-pw. Chsc Ima-Unb
Fp ]d-bp-p.
198. tPm[v]q-cn-\-Sp-p hen-sbmcp {Kmaw.
199. ^pte-cm--In-iKV tj-\p-Iv at[y Cu
t]cn tj-\pv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Fn. cma-tZ-h-aXw D]-tZ-inv cma-Zm-kns\
injy-\m-n. cma-Zm-k tJUm-]m-bn sNv
AhnSw tI{-amn aX-{]-N-cWw XpS-n.
Av imlv]p-c-bn sNv cma-N-c Xs
aXw {]N-cn-n-p. Cbm hym]m-cn-bm-bn-cp-
p. (_-\n-bm.) ZmwX-Um 199 -{Km-a-nse Hcp
k\ym- k n- b n \nv Imhn hmn [cnv
Abmsf Kpcp-hm-n. imlv]p-c-bn sNv
AhnsS ]mp-d - n-p. If-an-m ]mh-sf
thKw hi-m-m Ign-bp--Xn-\m Cbm
ChnsS thcp-d-n-p. P\ cma-N-c-Ws
hmp-I t{ijvTa - mbn Icp-Xp-p. Chv D-
\oN t`Z-an-. {_m-W\pw Ay-P\pw Hcp-
t]mse injyXzw kzoI-cnmw. Ctmgpw Ah
IpWv U m]- n- I - s f- t msebmWv . IpWv U
(aN-n)bnemWv `Ww Ign-p--Xv. thZ-
[-n \npw, amXm-]n-Xm--fn \npw
-eu-InI hyh-lm-c--fn \npw ]nn-cn-nv
injy-cm-p-p. cma-\maw alm-a-{-am-sWv
Icp-Xp-p. CXmWv OpOva (kq-jva) thZ-sa-
-h ]d-bp-p. "cma-cma' P]n-m Pm--c-
-fnse ]m]w CmXm-Ipw. CX-msX thsd
apn-amK-an--. izmk{]-izm-k-n-eqsS cma-
cma ]d-bm D]-tZ-in-p Bfns\ kXy-Kpcp
Fp ]d-bp-p. kXy-Kpcp Cuiz-c-s\-m
- n-p-p. henb Bfm-Wv. Abm-fpsS {]Xn-asb ]qPn-p-
p. kw\ym-kn-am-cpsS Im Igp-In-p-Sn-p-p.
Kpcp- h ns ASp- p- \ np Zqsc- s b- m\pw
t]mIp-tm Kpcp-hns \Jtam apSntbm
ssIhiw hbvpp. Kpcp-hns Nc-Wm-arXw
\nXyhpw tkhn--Ww. cma-Zm-k-s-bpw lc-
cm-a-Zm-k-sbpw hmp-Isf thZ-tm
{]ma- W n- I - a mbn Icp- X p- p. AX- S - b - nb
{Ks {]Z- nWw hv FpX- h W
kmjvSmwKw \a-kvI-cn-p-p. Kpcp ASp-p-
s-n kmjvSmwKw \a-k-kvI-cn-p]-N-cn--
Ww. kv{Xo]p-cp-j-t`-Z-sat\y cma-cma F
a{w D]-tZ-inp sImSp-p-p. \ma-kva-c-W-
bn-eqsS am{Xw awK-fa - p-m-Ibpw ]Tn-m ]m]-
ap-m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-a-t{X. CXn\v {]am-W-ap-
m-n-bn-p-v.
]WvUnXm Cu]m-t\-]Uo Zm ]qc-_tem
200. thZ-hn-cp JWvU-\-sa ]pkvX-I-n h`
aX-s-n {K-Im-c hnkvX-cn-s-gp-Xn-bn-p-v.
Cu ]pkv X Iw {]Im- i n- n- - X nt\ XpSv
aljnsb h[n-m h` aX-m Xm-dmbn.
281
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
]m]v cma-cma kpacymw hn\mw cCKyu cotXm
B]v thZ-]p-cmW ]tV ]tV KoXm cma-`-
P\ _n{\C Ktb KoXm.
(]-Tnv Agp-p-Xo-n-bm-Wv. Ign Ia-
v ^ew e`n-pw. cma-\maw P]n-m--
h -ip-iq-\y-\-t{X. \n thZw ]pcmWw,
KoX Fnh ]Tn-mepw cma-\maw P]n-m
]w ip-iq-\y-\-t{X.)
C-sa-bp ]pkvX-I--fmWv Dm-n-h-
ncnp--Xv. kv{Xo, `m-hns\ ip{iq-jn-p-
Xv ]m]-am-sWpw Kpcp-hn-s\bpw k\ym-kn-
am-scbpw ]qPn-pXmWv [asapw ]Tn-n-
p-p. hWm-{i-as AwKo-I-cn-p-n-.
{_m-W "cma-kvt\ln"bs-n \oN\pw
NWvUm-e\pw, cm-a-kvt\-ln-bm-sW-n D-
a-\m-sWpw KWn-p-p. Cuiz-c Ah-X-cn-
p- s ap hniz- k n- p- nsp ]d- b p- s -
nepw `KXn tlXn HuXm-cln [cln (cma\h-
X-cn-Xv kz` kwc--W-n-\m-Wv) F
cmam-N-cW hmIyw apshpXn-bn-p-v. Bcy-
h-n\p \mi-I-c-amb A\m-Nm-c-fpw
A-hn-izm-k-fpw sImv BZyw \nd--
XmWv Ch-cpsS aXw.
h` k{-Zmbw
tNmZyw: tKmIp-e-hm-kn-I-fmb tKmkm-bn-I-
fpsS aXw 200 hfsc \Xm- W - t m. Fv -
sFizcy-amWv Ch-c-\p-`-hn-p--Xv. CXv Ap-
X-i-n-sIm--msX km[n-ptam?
Dcw: CXv KrlcpsS sFiz-cy-am-Wv.
tKmkm-bn-I-fp-tS-X-.
tNmZyw: sImmw! sImmw! tKmkm-bn-
I-fpsS {]Xm-]-n \nmWo sFiz-cyw,
As-n ap--hpw Cu sFizcyw e`n-
m--sX-mWv?
Dcw:- ap--hcpw Ch-sc-tmse Im]-
Sy- sNbvXm sFiz-cy-hmam-cmIp-sa--
Xn-s\-mWv kwibw? Ch-tcm-sSm-tam H-
[n-Itam BImw.
tNmZyw: AXp-sImmw! Ch-cn-se-mWv
Im]Syw? CsXmw tKmtemI eoe-bmWv.
201. {io cma-Zmkv KuU-bpsS "lnpXzv' F ]pkvX-I-
n {io h-`m-Nm-cy-s\-n {]kvXm-hn-p-n-Sv
Nm-cWyw a[y-{]-tZ-inse dmbv]q BsWv ]d-
bp-p.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
Dcw:- tKmtemI eoe-b-, tKmkm-bn-eo-
e-bm-Wv. tKmtemI eoe-bm-sW-n tKmtem-
Ihpw CXp-t]m-se-bm-bncnpw.
Cu aXw sXep-Kp-\m-n \nmWv {]N-cn-
-Xv. sXep-\mb eva-W-_v F {_m-
W hnhm-l-n\p tijw GtXm Imc-W-
m amXm- ] n- X m- - t fbpw `mcy- t bbpw
shSnv Imin-p-t]m-bn. hnhm-ln-X-\-sp
Iw ]dv Ahn- s S- s v kw\yknv
Cbm kw\ym-kn-bmb hnhncw F-s\tbm
hop-Im Adn-p. A\amcpw `mcybpw
IqSn Imin- b n sNv kw\ym- k w- s Im- S p-
bmfnt\mSv bph- X nbmb `mcy- b p
Cbmv kw\ymkw sImSp--sX-ns\p
tNmZn-p. `m-hns\ kw\ym-k-n\np
hnSp-hn-m ]w X\n-p-IqSn kw\ymkw
Xc-W-sa-mbn B kv{Xo. Atm injys\
hnfnv Kpcp ]dp: ""\o alm-I--\m-Wv.
kw\ymkw Dt]-nv Krl-n-bm-I-Ww. \o
IeymWw Ign- n- n- s v Iw- ] - d - mWv
kw\ymkw kzoI-cn-Xv''. Abm kw\ymkw
hnv hopw Krlm{i-an-bm-bn. t\mq B
aX-ns XpS-w-Xs I-n\nmWv.
sXep-Kp-\m-n sN-tm- Cbmsf PmXn-
bn Iqn-bn-. Atm Ahn-Sw-hnv Npn--d-
mXpS-n. Imin-S- pv Nc-WmKVv F
{Kma- n- \ - S p- p Nm- c Wyw 201 F
Imn Cbm t]mIpI ]Xn- h m- b n- c p- p.
Btcm Hcp Ipnsb Imn-ep-t]-n-p \mep-
]mSpw AI-se-b-Ise Xohp ew hnp. DS-
s\-sbpw Ipnsb sIm-cp-sXv Icp-Xn-
bmWv Xosb-cn--Xv. eva-W-`pw `mcybpw Cu
Ipnsb FSpv aI-\mn hfn. ]ns
Imin-bn sNp ]mp.
Ipn {]mb-am-b-tXm-Sp-IqSn A-\--am acn-
p. sNdpw apX bphm- h m- I p- - X p- h sc
Cbm Imin-bn hnZym-`ymkw sNbvXn-cp-p.
]noSv Ftm-sNv hnjvWp-t{X-nse
tkh-I\ - m-bn. Ftm Nne Ipg- - ImcWw
hnjvWp-t{Xw hnv hopw Imin-bn sNp
kw\y-kn-p. AhnsS {`jvS\ - mb asmcp {_m-
W kz]p- { Xn- t bm- s Smw hkn- n- c pp.
Abm \psS kw\ym-kn-tbmSv kw\ymkw
hnv aIsf thm-\m-hi - y-s-p. Abm AX-
\p- k - c np. A sNbv X - X p- t ]mse aI
282
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
sNbvX-Xn F-Xn-i-bw? Abm `mcy-tb-
bpw-sImv BZys hnjvWp-t-{X-n
sNp. hnhmlw sNbvXX - p-sImv AhnsS Ib-
n-bn-. -]n-oSv AhnZy nc- Xm-a-k-am-n-bn-
p {hP-tZ-ip sNp. AhnSsS hnhn[
I]-S-bp-n-I {]tbm-Knv Bfp-Isf hymtam-
ln-nv anYy-I {]N-cn-n-p. ""{ioIr-jvW
Fs Ip; tKmtem-I-p\np aXy-tem-
Ip hn-p Znhy Pohm-flm-sf {_-
kw-_ w apX-em-b -h -b m ]hn-{ X- amn
tKmtem-I-s-n-pI F-cp-fn-s-bvXp.''
Fn-s\ ]e-Xcw t`mjvpI ]dv
{]tem-`n-n-p. Ipd-p-t]sc AXm-bXv F]-
n-\m-ep-t]sc sshjvW-h-cm-n. C\nsbgp-
Xp a{- \nn-p-Ibpw AXn t`Z-
-fp-m-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.1) {ioIrjvWw
icWw aa. 2) Ivfow IrjvWmb tKm]o P\
h-`mb kzmlm. Ch cpw km[m-cW a{-
-fm-Wv. ASp a{-am-Is {_-kw-_--
n\pw ka-W-n\pw thn-bp--XmWv.
""{ioIrjvWx icWw aa kl{k]-cn-h--c-
an-X-Im-e-Pm-X-IrjvW hntbmK P\nX Xm]-
Iv t fim- \ Xntcm- ` m- t hmflw `K- h tX
Irjv W mb tZtl- { nb {]mWm- x- I - c W
Xcvamw Zmcm-Kmc ]p{Xm-]vX-hnt l
]cm-Wym-fl\m kl kacv]b - m-an. Zmtkmflw
IrjvW Xhmkvan.
({io-IrjvW `K-hm F\np icWw. kl-
{k-hj--fmbn Xm]hpw tihpw IrjvW-`-
K-hm-\n \np th]mSpw kln-p Rm
Fs ico-chpw C{n-b - {]mW-, Ax-
-cW -
- Ah-bpsS {]hrn, `mcy, ]p{X,
[\w, Bflm-hv, Fm-samw Atbm IrjvW-
`-Kh- mt\! IrjvW IrjvW! Abvp kan-
p-sIm-p-p. Rm AbpsS Zmk-\t{X!)
Cu a{w D]-tZ-inv injy-mscbpw injy-
I- t fbpw sImv ka]Ww sNn- p- p.
"Ivfow IrjvWm-tbXn'bnse ow X{-{K--
n-te-Xm-Wv. h-`-a-X-mcpw hma-amKn-I-fpsS
hI-t`-Z-am-sWv CXp sXfn-bn-p-p. AXp-
sIm-m-Wv tKmkm-bnIfpw A[nIw kv{Xokw-
kKw sNp--Xv. tKm]o-P-\-h--t`Xn {ioIr-
jvW tKm]n-Ip -am{Xw {]nb-s--h
Bbn-cp-pthm? ap--ht? kvss{XW-
cm-bn-p AYhm kv{Xokp-J-n s]p-t]m-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
b-h-cmWv kv{XoIv {]nb. {ioIr-jvW
A-c-m-c-\mbn-cp-pthm? kl-{k-h--c-K-
W\ (k-l{- k-]c - n-kw-h - t- c-Xn) shd-tX-bmWv.
h-`\pw injy-mcpw k--c-. {ioIr-
jvW-hn-tbmKw Dm-bnv kl{kw hj-tf
Bbn-ptm? Atm Ftm-tgm, h-`-aXw
Cm-Xn-cp--tm. h-` P\n-p-Xn\pw
apv, Xs Znhy-Po-hm-flm-sf D-cnpXn\v
Bcpw hcm--sXm-Wv. Xm]hpw tihpw
]cym- b - ] - Z - fm- W v . GsX- nepw Hcp ]Zw
{]tbm-Kn-m aXn. AXp-t]mse "A\' F
{]tbmKw kl-{k-ns IqsS A\m-h-iy-am-
Wv. GsX-nepw Hp-Xn. A\-Imew hsc
Bm-Zn-X-am-bn-cn-p Hns\ tamNn-n-m
h-` P\np Fp ]d-bp--Xn Fm-
Ww? A\-n\v Adp-Xn-bn-m--sX-
w. AXns\ Fs\ tamNnnpw? C{n-
b- {]mWm-x-I-c-Ww, Ah-bpsS [aw.
kv{Xo, ]Z-hn, ]p{X, [\w Fn-hs - b IrjvW-
\n-p--sX-n\v? IrjvW ]qW-Im-a\m-
Ibm tZlm-Zn-I-fm-bh Hpw Cn-p-I-bn-.
tZlm-Zn-I An-m\pw km[n-p-I-bn-.
Im\-Jm{Kw apX apSn-bw hsc-bp--XmWv
tZlw. AXn \Xpw No-bp-amb hkvXp-
-fp-v, B ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-I-tfbpw An-ptam
]m]- ] p- W y- c q- ] - a mb Ians AWw
aqew Ah-bpsS ^e-t`m-mhpw IqSn-bm-hnt
{ioIr-jvW? IrjvWs t]cv ]d-bp-Ibpw
kzbw Anp-Ibpw sNp-Ib - t CXv? tZl-
n-ep ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-Ifpw tKmkmbn Anp-
nt? AtXm a[p-c-apXp hngpn Ibvp-
Xp Xpptam? tKmkm-bnp Xs An-
Ww ap aX-mp ]mSn FsgpXn-bn-
p-tm? CsXmw ISp kzm-X-bm-Wv.
]c- [ \w A]- l - c n- p- - X n\pw, thtZm- -
[s \in-npXn\pw D eoem-hn-
em-k--fmWv. Cu h` {]]w ImWp-I.
1. {imh-Wk - ym-at- e-]t GIm-Ziymw alm-
\nin, kmmZv`KhXm t{]mw XZ--ci
DNy-tX.
2. {_-kw-_--I-c-WmXv kcvthjmw
tZl-Po-htbmx, kcvh-tZmj \nhr-ncvln
tZmjmx ]-hn[mx kvarXmx
3. klPm tZi-Im-temm temI-thZ \ncq-
283
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
]nXmx, kwtbm- K Pmx kv ] cv i - P m \
ahymx IZm-N\.
4. A\yYm kcvh tZmjmWmw \ \nhrnx
IY-\, Ak-acv]nX hkvXq\mw Xkvam-
Zzcv-\-am-N-tcXv
5. \nth-Zn`nx kacvss]h kcvhw Ipcym-
ZnXn nXnx, \ aXw tZh tZhky kzman-
`pn kacv]-Wav.
6. Xkvam ZmZu kcvh Imtcy kcvh-hkvXp
kacv]-Wav, Zm-]-lmc hN\w XYm N
kIew ltcx
7. \ {KmlyanXn hmIyw ln `n-amcvK-]cw
aX-av. tkh-Im\mw bYm temtI hyh-lmcx
{]kn-[yXn
8. bYm-Imcyw kacvss]h kcvthjmw
{_-Xm-XXx, KMvKmtXz KpW-tZm-jmWmw
KpW-tZmj hcvW-\-av.
Ch tKmkm-bn-I-fpsS knm cl-kymZn
{K- - f n Fgp- X n- b n- p- - X m- W v . Ch
tKmkmbn-a-X-ns aqe-Xz-hp-am-Wv. (1)
{imh-W-amkw shfp--]--nse GIm-Z-in-
cm-hn kmm `K-hm ]d-Xv Acw
{]Xn ]d-bpp: {ioIr-jvW tZlw shSn-
nv Am- b ncw hjw Ign- p. At-
ls h-` -{imh-W-amkw A-cm-{Xnv
Fs\ ImWpw! (2) ""tKmkmbo injy-m
kh-kzhpw ka]Ww sNbvXm Ah-cpsS
icocw Bflmhv Fn- h - b psS k- t Zm-
jfpw Cm- X m- I pw.'' CXv aqV- msc
BIjnv h-`a - X
- - n tNmthn-B-
hn-jvI-cn anYym-hm-Z-amWv. tKmkmbo injy-
mcpsSbpw injy-If - p-sSbpw tZmj-samw \nhr-
-am-Ip-sa-n t- cm-KZ- m-cn-{ZymXn ]oU-If - p-m-
Ip--sX-s\? B ]oU-I Ap-hn-[-am-
Wt{X! (3) Hv, kl-P-tZmjw, kzm`m-hn-I-
ambn Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-I-fm-ep-m-Ip--Xv, cv
GsX-nepw tZi-Im-e--fn hnh[ ]m]-
sNp-Xv. aqv temI-n `ym-`-y-
-sf-s-p-Xpw thtZm--amb anYym-`m-j-
Wm-Zn-Ifpw, \mev kwtbm-KP - w, ZpjvSk- w-k-
m-ep-mIp tamjWw, Pmc-hr-n, A,
`Kn-\n, ]p{Xn, ]p{X-h-[p, Kpcp-]Xv\n apX-em-b-
h-cp-am-bp kwtbm-K-tZmjw Av Akv]r-
iytc kv ] in- F kv ] i\ P\y-
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
tZmjw Chsb tKmkm-bo-a-X-m Hcn-epw
KWn-t-, btYjvSw {]hn-m-sa-Yw.
(4) ""tKmkmbo aX--a-msX asmpta Cu
tZmj-\n-hm-c-W-n\p]-bp--a AXn-\m
AXn- \ m ka]Ww sNmsXmpw
tKmkmbn D]-t`mKw sN-cp-Xv.'' CXn-\m-emhmw
Ch-cpsS [\hpw ]Xv\n]p{Xn, ]p{X-h-[p--
sfbpw kan-p--Xv. tKmkm-bn-bpsS Nc-
Wfn kan-msX Bcpw kz]-Xv\n-sb-
tmepw kv]incp-sX-mWv \nbaw! (5)
AXn-\m tKmkm-bnp ka]n--Xn\p tij-
ta-sbpw A\p-`-hn-m-hq. Fs-m D]-
tbm-Kn--sXmpw ka]n-m-hp--X-. (6)
GXp Iaw sNp-tm-gpw-BZyw kh hkvXp-
fpw tKmkm-bnp kan--Xn\p tijta
DS- a - kzoI- c n- m- h q. AXp- t ]mse
khhpw BZyw hnjWphn\p kanXn\p
tijta FSp-m-hq. (7) tKmkmboaXnte-
X-msX ap bmsXmcp aXm-cp-tSbpw Hcp
hmp-t]mepw tKmkm-bn-in-jy tI-cp-Xv,
kzoI-cn-p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. CXv bYm tKmkm-
bn-bpsS e-W-am-Wv. (8) C{]-Imcw Fmw
kan-nv Ah-bpsS a[y-n {_-_pn
sNWw. KwK-bn A\y-Pew tNmepw
AXv KwKm-P-e-ambnocp-p. kza-X-n
Htsd KpW-fpw A\y-a-X--fn Htsd
Zqjyfp-apv. AXn-\m kza-X-nse KpW-
-sfn hn-t--Xv injy-m-cpsS IS-a-
bm-Wv.
t\mq! tKmkmbn aXw -C-X-c-a-X--tf-m-
sfmw kzm-]-c-at? {_-ns Hcp
eWw t]mepw Adn- b m hm
\nsfs\ - i n- j y- K - W - sf {_- k w-
_w sNn-p-sav Bsc-nepw tNmZn-p
]w RX-s-bmWv {_-sa-p-cw
]d-tpw. Atm {_-ns KpW-Ia
kz`m- h - - s fm- p- a n- m \n tIhew
t`mK-hn-em-k-n-\p-thn {_w Na-n-cn-
p-I-bm-tWm-sbp tNmZn-t--XmWv. injy-
K-Ws Xp kanv ip-cm-p
\n, \n-fpsS `mcy, ]p{Xn, ]p{X-h[p, apX-
em-b-hsc kaWw sNm-Xn-\m Aip-
-cmn hn-cn-p-I-b-t? Ahsc A\y-a-X-
mv ka]n-p-I. hs-n ap--h-cpsS
kv{Xo ]pcpj [\mZn-Isf ka]Ww
hmp k{-Zmbw \nWw. CXp-hsc \S-
284
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
-sXms t]mI-s. C\n-sb-nepw \n-fpsS
Cu anYym-hm-Z-sfmw shSnv kp-chpw
Cuiz-tcm-hpw thZ-hn-ln-X-hp-amb km-
n hv a\p- j y- X zs k^- e - a m- n,
[amYImatamfm-Ip ^e-N-Xp-jvS-
bs {]m]nv B\--a-\p-`-hn-p-I.
t\mq! Cu tKmkm- b n- I Ah- c psS
amKs ]pjvSn-amK-sap ]d-bp-p. Xnp-
Ip-Snv ]pjvSn-{]m-]nv kIe kv{Xokw-K-n-
eqsS btYjvSw t`mK-tI-fn-I-fm-Sp--XmWv Cu
]pjvSn-amKw! henb ZpxJm-Zn-I-fmb `K-cw
apX-emb tcmK- _m[nv \odn \odn acn-
t-n-h-cp Imcyw A\px-`-hn-p--h-ct
Adn-bq. kXyw ]d-m CXv ]pjvSn-amK-a-
. IpjvTn-amK-am-Wv. IpjvT-tcm-Kn-bpsS ico-
c- nse [mXp- F- s \- b mtWm
DcpInsbmgp-In-tmbnv hne-]np acn-p-Xv
AXp-t]m-se-bmWv Chpw kw`hn-p--Xv.
AXn-\m \c-I-amK-sa-p-IqSn CXn\p t]
]d-bp-Xp. tNbpXmWv. Fs-m
ZpxJn-s t]cv \c-I-sapw kpJ-n-tXv
kzK-sa-p-am-Wv.
C{]Imcw anYymPm-e- Dmn Adn-hn-
m- ]mhw a\p-jysc he-bn IpSp-p-p.
Fnv Xs-m {ioIr-jvW Nav
Fm- h - c p- t Sbpw bP- a m- \ - \ mbn \Sn- p- p.
tKmtem-I-n\nv ChnsS hn-p Fm
Znhym-flm-tfbpw D-cn-p--Xn-\p ]pcp-
tjm-a eoe-bmWv Xs P-sap ]d-bp-
p. \psS D]- t Ziw kzoI- c n- m- - h
tKmtemIw {]m]n-n-spw t]Sn-s-Sp-pw.
AhnsS ]pcp- j - \ mbn Hcp {ioIrjv W \pw
_mn-sbmw kv{XoI-fp-am-Wv.
F{X hnNn{Xw tKmkm-boaXw! tKmkmbo
in-jy-m-scmw tKm]n-I-fm-bn-tmIpw. cp
`mcy-am-cp--hs KXn alm Zp-Xn-bm-Wv.
Atm Hcp ]pcp- j \v tImSn- - W - n\v
kv{XoI ]nt-bp-s-n ZpxJ-n-\-h-km-
\-aptm! {ioIr-jvW\p Xpey-amb kmaYy-
ap-spw Fm-h-tcbpw {]k--Nn--I-fm-
m Ign-bp-sapamsW-n At-l-ns
Amw- K n- \ n- b mb kzman- \ nbv pw AtX
kmay- a p- m- b n- c n- pw. Amw- K n- \ nv
202. `r-l-cn sshcmKy iX-Iw-33
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Xpey in Dm-hpw. Ima-hm-k\ kv{Xo]p-cp-
j-mv Xpey-tam, kv{XoI-[n-Itam Bbn
Cu temI- n ImWp- t m tKmtem- I -
nepw A{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-patm. Atm
A\y kv{XoI-fpambn kzman\n hf-sc-b-[nIw
hg- p- m- p- pm- bn- cn- p- a tm? Fs-
m k]- X v \ o- ` mhw hfsc No- b m- W v .
As\ tKmtemIw kzK-n\p ]Icw \c-
I-am-bn-m-W-Ww. alm kv{XoKm-an-I A[n-
Ihpw `K--cmZn tcmK-]o-Un-X-cm-bn-cn-p--Xp-
t]m-se-bmhmw tKmtem-I - n-epw! sO sO sO,
C{]-Im-c-ap tKmtem-I-n-t\-m t`Zw
km[m- c W aXy- t emIw Xs- b m- W v.
tKmkmbn {ioIr- j v W Nav At\Iw
kv{XoI-fp-ambn canv `K-c {]ta-lmZn tcmK-
]o-Un-X-cm-Ip-s-n tKmtem-I-nse {ioIr-
jv W \pw CXp kw`- h n- p- I qtS? Csn
{ioIrjv W kzcq- ] n- I - f mb tKmkm- b n- a m
Fs\ tcmK-]o-Un-X-cmIpp?
tNmZyw: aXy-temI-n eoem-h-Xmcw
FSp-p-XpsImmWv tcmKw hcp-Xv.
tKmtem-I-n tcmK-an-m--Xp-sImv CXv
kw`-hn-p-I-bn-.
Dcw: ""t`mtK tcmK`bav'' 202 FhnsS
t`mK-aptm AhnsS tcmK-ap-v. {ioIr-jvW\v
tImSm-\p-tImSn kv{XoI-fn a-fp-m-Ib - nt?
Dm- I ps- n Fmw BtWm AtXm
s]tm? AtXm cp-ap-m-Ip-p-thm? s]p-
X- s - b m- s W- n Ah Bsc hnhmlw
sNpw? AhnsS {ioIr-jvW-\-msX asmcp
]pcp-j-\n--tm. Ds-n \n t\cs
]d-Xv s]mfn-bm-bn. C\n BWp-X-s-bm-
sW-nepw CXp-Xs ^ew. Ah Bsc
hnhmlw sNpw? hon Xstbm? AtXm
thsd h- - h - c p- t Sbpw ]nt- c ptm?
Dsnepw tKmtem- I - n Htc- s bmcp
{ioIr- j v W am{X- a mWv ]pcp- j F
{]kvXmhw sXpw km\w Dm-Ip--tX-bn-
s-m-sW-n {io-Ir-jvW-\n \]pw-k-I-
Xzhpw kv{XoI-fn hymXzhpw hp-Iq-Spw.
CsX-smcp tKmtemIw! Uln kpms
_ohn-I-fpsS ]Stbm?
Ctm tKmkm-bn-am kzin-jy-m-cptSbpw
i -- njy-I-fp-tSbpw X\p--a-\--[-\- AWw
285
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
sNn-p-Xpw icn-b-. Fs-m X\p (i-
co-cw) hnhm-lm-h-k-c-n kv{Xo ]pcp-j-m
]c-kv]cw kan-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv. a\-km-
Is hopw asm-cmpw kan-m-hp-- Xmev ] - c yw. tKmkm- b n- b psS GsX- nepw
X- . ico- c - t m- s Smw AXp ka- ]Ww
sNbvXp t]mIp-p AYhm ams-nepw
kan-p--bm hy`n-Nm-cn-bmbntm-Ipw.
C\n [\w AXpw C-s\-Xs. AXmbXv a\-
n-msX Hpw AWw sNm km[y-a-
. Cu tKmkm-bn-I-fpsS at\m-hrn injy
km-Zn-pw \ kpJn-pw F-Xm-Wv. h-
`-k{Zm-b-m-cmb tKmkm-bn-I sXep-p-tZ-
i- n- . Ahv Bsc- nepw Adn- b msX
t]mepw I\ym- Z m\w sNbv X m PmXn-
bn\npw {`jvSp Iev]n-pw. Fs-m
Ch ]Xn-Xcpw hnZym-lo-\cpw cm]-I sXpI-
fn apgp-In-Ignbp--h-cp-am-Wv.
tKmkm-bnsb hon Wnp hcp-n-
bm B hon sNv ac-m-h-t]mse A\-
m-Xn-cn-pw. A\-p-Itbm anp-Itbm C.
hXpw ]d- p- t ]m- b m a- \ m- b mtem?
aqJmWmw-_ew au\av (aq-V\v _ew au\w).
ann-bm ]qv ]pd-m-Ipw. Fm kv{XoI-
fp-s-n Ahsc angnp t\mn-bn-cn-pw.
tKmkmbn t\mp- - h `mKy- a p- - h - c m- W -
t{X hnizm- k w. t\mw e`n- p- - h - c psS
`m-hpw, ktlm-Z-ccpw, _p--fpw, amXm-
]nXm-fpw hfsc kp-jvSc - m-Ip-p. kv{XoI
tKmkm-bn-bpsS ImsXmv hn-pw. tKmkm-
bn-v a\-n\njvSs-Sp-h - c
- psS hnc-en Im
Aapw. AXv Fm-h-cpw `mKy-amsWp
Icp-Xpw. B kv{Xosb `mhv Ds-sS-bp-
-h tNv tKmkm-bn-bpsS Nc-W-tk-h-\-
n-\-b-bvp-Ibpw sNpw. Fm\pw hop-
Imv CjvS-a-sp hm Xs ]nWn-bm-
fp-I aptJ\ Imcyw km[n-pw. kXyw ]d-
m Ccw ]nWn- b m- f p- I Ah- c psS
t{X-n\p Nppw FmSpw ]mp-v.
Ch-cpsS ZnW hm coXnbpw ck-I-
c- a m- W v . Cs\ tNmZn- pw. ""sImphm
ZnW tKmkm- b n- v . `mcybv v , aI- \ v ,
aIv, tihp-I-{]-[m-\nv, ]mdm-hp-Im-c-\v,
203. alm-{_m-W
- F-Xn\v Ctm arX-ic
- o-c
- n
\nv XpWn-sb-Sp-p hyn-b-Y-am-bn-cn-p-
p.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
Kmb-I-\v, hn{K-l-n\v''. tKmkmbn Ds-sS-
bp Cu Ggp-t]-cmWv ]oSnI Xpd-p-hv
ZnW hmn ]pWyw hnev p- - s Xp
`rXy acn- m- d m- b m Ahs s\v
tKmkmbn Imev hbvpw. Inp-Xv ASn-s-Sp-
pw. CXv alm---W 203ttbm NpS-e-m-
cttbm, arX- _ - e n- b n- S p- h nph- t tbm
]Wnp Xpey-at?
Nne injy-m tKmkm-bnsb hnfnv a-
fpsS hnhm-l--S-n ]mWn-{K-l-Ww, \S-n-
p- p. CXn\v tKmkm- b n- b psS tZlv
Ippaw ]qip-p. ]qip-Xpw kv{XoI-fm-Wv.
]noSv Hcp henb ]m{X- n ]e- I - b nv
tKmkm- b nsb Ccpn, kv { Xo]p- c p- j - m
tNv hnti-jnpw kv{XoI Ipfn-n-p-p.
Ipfn-I-gnv ]oXmw-_-c-ap-Spv saXn-b-Sn-bn
Ib-dp-X - n\p apv Iu]o\w ]m{X-n-en-Sp-p.
]m{X-nse Pew Xo-Pe - a
- mbn injy-hw
AN-a\w sNpw. ]noSv hnti-jm Xm-dm-
nb Xmw_qew tKmkm-bnp \evIp-p. CXv
Xnv Hcp `mKw sImv shn-m-{X-n
Xpp-p. CXn\v alm-{]-km-Z-am-sWmWv ]d-
bp-Xv! Ch Fp-Xcw a\p-jy-cm-sWv
Btem-Nn-p-I. aqV-X-bpw A\m-Nm-chpw C{X
Im- I mtam? ]e- c n\nv kaWw
hmpw. Fnepw sshjvW-h-cpsS `-Wta
Ignq! Nne AXp-an-. Abnw Hmp
hnd-Ip-t]mepw Igp-Intb FSpq! Fm-
tKmX-vam-hv, i-c, ]-km-c, s\v, apX-
em-bh Igp-Im-dn-. Am-sX-Xs Ah-bpsS
"Aipw' t]mIp-at- {X. AmsX Fp sNpw!
Ch Igp-In-bm \jvS-s-p-t]m-Int? R
204. ck-hn-{Ibw tamcpw ]mepw apw hnp--Xv.
{_m-WnXp \njn--am-Wv. B]-XvIm-ev
sshiy-hrn sNmw. ]t ck-hn-{Ibw ]mSn-.
(a\p 10. 83-86).
205. ck-hn-{Ibw ]mSn-. ]mepw tamcpw apw kuP-\y-
ambn \In-bn-cp ]mc--cy-amWv `mc-X-n-te-Xv.
]cn-`m-jI - Kpcp-Ipe hnZymYn-bm-bn-cp Imev
(1959-63) D-tc-y {Kma--fn ]mepw tamcpw
ssXcpw hnebvp Inp-I-bn-m-bn-cpp kuP-\y-am-
bnt e`n-n-cp-p-p.
206. ioX-fm-tZhn hkq-cn-bpsS tZh-Xb- m-Wv. hml\w Igp-
Xbpw! "Nn-sm N-c' F sNmn\p kZr-
iw.
286
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
{ioIr-jvW\v Nmp-Ibpw ]mSp-Ibpw \nth-
Zn-p-Ibpw apw sNm-dp-s-n-h ]d-bpw.
hmkvX-h-n Ch-sbmw Ah-cpsS kz-
kp-J-n-\p-th-n-bm-Wv. alm A\-fpw
Imn-q-m-dp-v. tlmfnv ]om-p-g-en Nmb-
shw \ndv kv { XoIfpsS s\- pw,
\m`npw Nmn- s bm- g n- pw. {_m- W v
\njn--amb ck-hn-{I-bw 204 sNp--h-cp-v.
tNmZyw:- tKmkmbn, Nm-n, ]cn-v, Idn,
tNmdv, ]-d - n, eUp apX-em-bh t\cnv hnevp-
n-. `rXy-m-sc-smv hnev]n-p--tX-bp-
q, ]ns-mWv tZmjw?
Dcw: `rXy-mv ifw sImSp-p
]w Ah Cu tPmen sNp-I-bn. hmkvX-
h-n i-f-n\p ]Icw tNmdpw ]cnpw
apw sImSp- p- I - b m- W v sNp- - X v . Ah
sImp- t ]mbn Am- S n- b n hnev p- p.
tKmkmbn X\nsb sImp-t]mbn hnn-cp-s-
n `rXy-m, B \oN-I-n \nv c- Dt-in--Xv. Abmsf Iqn-sm-pt]mbn. apdn-
s]-t-s\. ]m]-^ew tKmkm-bn-p-am{Xw e`n-
p-am-bn-cp-p. BZyw kzbw IpSp-p-Ibpw
]noSv ap- - h sc IpSp- p- I - b p- a mWv
tKmkmbn sNp--Xv. \mY-Zzmc apX-em-bn-S--
fn tKmkmbn X\ntb hnev]\ \S-ppap-
v. ck-hn-{Ibw 205 \oN-Ia-amWv. D-ap
tN-X-. Bcym-h-ns At[m-K-Xnv
C-c-m-cmWv Imc-W-m!
kzman \mcm-b-W-a-X-J-WvU\w
tNmZyw: kzman \mcm-b-W-aXw F-s\-
bpv?
Dcw:- bmZrio ioX-em-tZho XmZrtim
hml\x Jcx ioX-fm-tZ-hnp tN hml\w
IgpX! 206 tKmkm-bn-I [\m-]-l-c-W-n-\p-
]- t bm- K n- p eoemhnti- j - - s f- t mse
bmWv kzman \mcm-bW aX-m-cp-tS-Xpw.
Atbm-[y-bvS- p Hcp {Kma-n-emWv kl-
Pm-\- P\n--Xv. Abm {_-Nm-cn-bmbn
KpP-dm-nse Iv., `pPv apX-em-bn-S - f - n Npn-
b-Sn-n-cp-p. aqV-m-cmb km[p-fpsS {]tZ-
i-am-sWv Abm a\-n-em-n. hf-m hf-
bp--h-cmWv Ahn-Sp-p-Im-scpw {Kln-p.
Ahn-S-bmv aqp-\mep injy-msc e`n-p.
Ah-c-t\ym\yw Btem-Nn-p-d-nv, kl-Pm-\-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
\mcm-b-Ws Ah-Xm-c-am-sWpw henb
kn-\m-sWpw NXp`pPcq]w ssIsmv
{]Xy--s-Sp-sapw ]dp ]c-n. Am-
ev ImTn-bm-hm-kn (I-n-b-hm) ImTo-Pm-
Xn-bns ZmZm-Jm-N Fp t]cmb ]h-
X-`q-an-bpsS Hcp Pao-m Dm-bn-cp-p. Abm-
tfmSp B injy- m ]d- p. Xmv
NXp`p-P-cq]w ImW-W-sa-n R kl-
Pm-\--t\mSp ]d-bmw. hfsc \Xv Fmbn
]mhw ZmZm-Jm-N. Hcp apdn-bn kl-Pm-\-
IncoShpw sXfp-sXfm Xnf-p ]p-h-kv{X-
fpw apw AWnv, iwJp N{I- ssII-
fnhv apI-fn-te-p-bn \np. asm-cm
]pd-In\nv I-n-\n-S-bn-eqsS ssII
Cv KZm-]-fl- ]nSnv\npw ZmZm-Jm-N-tdmSv
injy-m ]dp I-S-p-]n-Snv sNv Hp
Xpdp Ip-sIm-Ww DSs\ I-S--Ww.
IqSp-X t\mn-bm \mcm-b-W\v tIm]w
hcpw. Ifhp ]pd-m-I-cp-sX-mWv injy-m
bpsS hmXn Xpdv AIv ISv hnfp
sXfnp. AXm \nevpp kmm \mcm-b-
W. s]s- v hnf- - W p. Fm- h cpw
kmjvSmwKw \a-kvI-cn-p. asmcp hmXn-en-eqsS
]pd-p-h-p. hcpw-hgn injy-m ]dp:
Av alm-[-\y! `mKy-hm! DS-\Sn Kpcp-
hns injy-\m-bn-sm-p-I. Cs\ ]d-p-
sImp hcp-tm kl-Pm\- Xs ncw
Ccn-nSn C-cn-p-Xp Ip. ""Ctm
thsd cq]w [cn-n-cn-p-p.'' Fmbn injy-
m. ZmZmJmN he-bn hoWp, Ap-ap-X
Ah-c-psS aXw AhnsS thcp-d-p. ZmZm-Jm-N
henb Pn-bm-bn-cp-p. Abm injy-\mbn.
kl-Pm-\- kmcw XpS-n. Fm-hpw
D]-tZ-i- \evIn. ]e-tcbpw kw\ym-kn-am-
cmn. Nne-sc-sb-mw IWvT-\m-Un-bn Xncp-
n-t_m-[w-sI-Sp-n-bn-v. t\mp Ct-ls
kam- [ nbnemnbncn- pp Fp ]d- b pw.
Cs\ ]e-Xcw kq{X-sImv ImTn-bm-
hm-Unse km[p-sf ]mn-emn. Abm
acntm injy-m hfsc ]n-em--
{]Ncnn-p.
CXn\v Hcp DZm-l-cWw ]d-bp-Xv DNn-X-
am-Wv: Hcp tamjvSmhv _n-X-\mbn. Abm-
fpsS aqp apdn-m \ymbm-[n-] hn[n-p.
287
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
aqp apdnp Ign- - t m B I
BSm\pw ]mSm\pw Nncn-m\pw XpS-n. Fn-
\mWv Nncn-p--sXv Bfp-I tNmZn-p.
""Hpw ]d-tb''
""AsX-m-sWtSm?''
""Bcyw, B- c yw. CsX- m- W tm?
Cs\-bp-aptm?
""FstSm? Fm-Wm-cyw?''
""kmm \mcm- b - W ? NXp`p- P
hnjvWp AXm \nevp-p. ktmjw. B-Sm-
Xn- c n- p- - s X- s\? ]mSm- X n- c n- p- - s X-
s\? Atlm `mKyw! kmmXvi-\w.''
Rp ImWm hm--sXv?
""aqns ad-hp-sImv, aqp apdn-t- m-gt
ad amdn-bX - v. kmm NXp`pP \mcm-bW - .''
Ah- c n- s emcp aqV, aqp- t ]m- b m
t]mIs \mcm-bW - s\ \n-b
- a
- mbpw ImW-Ww.
Fp Xocp-am-\n-p. Abm ]d-p.
""Fs aqp apdnv \mcm-b-Ws\ ImWn-
v.''
aqp apdn-nv sNhn-bn ]d-p:-
""\obpw Fs-tmse BSn-mSv As-n
Bfp-I \s cp-t]-tcbpw Ifn-bm-pw.''
C\n aqp Xncnp Inp-I-bn-. AXp-sImv
As\ sNbvXp-I-f-bm-sav \n-bnv ]d-
p: ""lmlm! \mcm-b-W'' XpSv ]ecpw
aqp-ap-dn-p. apdn-aq--m Bbn-c--W-n-\m-
bn. B k{Zmbn\v \mcm-b-W-Zin Fv
t]cpw Cp. C-s\-bp \mcm-bW Zin-I-
sf-n Hcp aqV-\mb cmPmhp tIp. Ahsc
hnfn-n-p. cmPmhp ASpp h-tm Ah-
cn Nne BSm\pw ]mSm\pw XpSn.
FmWp Imcy-sap cmPmhv tNmZn--tm
]dp:
""kmm \mcm-bW Zi\w''
""Rm ImWm--sX-p-sImv?'' cmPmhv
tNmZn-p.
""aqp--tm ImWm Hp-I-bn-. aqp
apdn-m \mcm-b-W {]Xy--\mIpw.''
Imcyw icn-bm-sWp hnNm-cn cmPmhv
tPmysc hcpn aqp apdn- m- \ p
aplqw Ipdn-m Bm-]n-p.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
"D- c - h v . A- Z m- X m- h mb s]mp- X - p-
cmt\! hcp Zi-an-\m cmhnse Fp \mgnI
]pe-cp-tm aqp-ap-dn-m\pw \mcm-bW Zi-
\- n\pw ip` aplq- a m- W v ' . Fmbn
tPmy! t\mq! aqp apdn- m\pw
aplqw ]d-bp--h-cm-Wn-h,
cmPmhv \mcm-bW Zi-\-n\v Xbm-dm-bn.
apdn- a q- - msmw th kuI- c y-
sNbv X p- s Im- S p- p. kp- j v S - c mb Ah
Bhpw ]mpw XpSp. cmPm-hns Znhm\pw
ap-Nne _pn-am-mpw Cu t]mv ckn-n-
. cmPm-hns \mep Xe-ap-d-Iv apv D]-
tZiw sImSp-p-h sXmq-dp-Im-c-\mb Hcp
ap Znhm-\p-m-bn-cp-p. At-l-ns {]]u-
{X-\mWv Ctm-gs Znhm. Cbm ap-
s ASp-p-sNv hnh-c--sfmw ]d-p.
"Ah NXn-b-m-cm-Wv. \o Fs cmPm-hns
ASpp sImp-t]m-Iq' Fmbn hr.
As\ sNbvXp. cmPmhv hfsc ktm-j-
tmsS apdn-aq--m-cpsS IY ]d-p. "alm-
cm-Pmth! Hnepw s]sv FSpp NmS-cp-
Xv . ]co- n- msX sNbv X m ]m- -
]ntn hcpw.' Fv hr D]-tZ-in-p.
cmPmhv: Cu Bbncw t] Iw ]d-bptam?
Znhm: Itam t\cm ]d-bs. ]co-n-
msX Fs\bmWv t\tcm Itam F-
dn-bpI?
cmPmhv: Fs\ ]co-npw?
Znhm: hnZy, krjvSn-{Iaw, {]Xyw apX-
emb {]am-W--fm.
cmPmhv: ]Tnn-n-m--h Fs\ ]co-
npw?
Znhm: hnZz-w-K-m m\w hn-
n-n-v.
cmPmhv: hnZzmamsc e`n-n-s-ntem?
Znhm: {ian-m Inm--sXm-p-an-.
cmPmhv: Fp sN-W-sav XmXs
]d-bq.
Znhm: Rm hr- \ m- W v , hon- e n- c n-
pbm, C\n Ipdp Znh-kw-IqSn Bbpv
ImWpw. AXp-sImv BZy-]-co-Ww Rm
sNmw. ]noSv DNn- X - a m- b Xp t]msebpw
sNmw.
288
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
cmPmhv: sImmw \-Imcyw. tPmysc!
ZnhmPn-bpsS aqp apdn-m aplqw
t\mq.
tPmy: D-c-hv. Cu shfp ]-an-
\m ]p-\m-gnI ]pe-cp-tm \ aplq-
am-Wv.
]an \mfn ]p \mgnI ]pe-cp--Xn-
\p-apv Znhm cmPm-hn-t\mSp ]d-p. Bbncw,
cm-bncw ssk\n-I-cp-ambn ]pd-s-S-Ww.
cmPmhv: AhnsS ssk\y-sa-n-\v?
Znhm: cmPy-Im-cy--tfn Av A{X
]cn-Nn-X-\-. Ctm Rm ]d-bp--Xp-t]mse
sNvXm-epw.
cmPmhv: icn! Bc-hnsS! ssk\yw ]pd-s-
Sm Xbm-dm-Im D-chv \evIp-I.
H-Xc \mgnI ]pe-tm cmPmhv Fm-
h-cp-sam-nv Fgp-s-n. Ah-sc-v apdn-
aq--m Bhpw ]mpw Xncp-X-Ir-Xn-bn-em-n.
cmPmhpw ]cn-hm-chpw Bk-\--cm-bn. apdnaq-
-m-cpsS al-ns\ Cu {]kvm\ns
m]-Is\ hnfnv cmPmhv ]d-p. ""Cp
\psS ZnhmPnv \mcm-bW Zi\w \evIp-
I. "BIs Fp alv . ]p- \ m- g nI
]pep. Hcp-h- Hcp ]m{Xw sImp-hv
aqn-\p-Xmsg ]nSn-p. t]\m--n-sImv
aqp apdn-p. Znhms aqn\nv c--[mc
HgpIn. CXn-\n-S-bn B NXn-b Znhm-t\mSpw
Nncnp Xpn-smp \mcm-bW Zi\w Inn
Fp ]d-bq. ]d-n-s-n Fm-hcpw Ifn-
bm-pw.' Fp ]d-np ]nhm-n. Znhm
Hcp Xphm-e-sImv aqp XpS-p. ZnhmPn-tbm-
Sv cmPmhv -tNm-Zn-p. "\mcm-b-Ws\ ImWmtam
hmtbm? ]d-bq. Znhm cmPm-hns ImXn
a{n-p. Hcp Iphpw ImWm-\n-. Cu NXn-
bm Bbn-c--W-n\v Bfp-Isf NXn-p.'
C\n- s bp thW- s av cmPmhv tNmZn- p.
"Chv ITn-\-amb in \evI-Ww. Poh-]-
cyw XS-hp-in \evI-Ww. Fm-h-tcbpw
NXn Cu NXn-bs\ Igp-X-p-dp Ibn ITn-
\- a mbn ]oUn- nv sIm- W w.' cmPm- h ns
ImXn Znhm a{n- p- - X p- I Ah
`bv Hm-am-cw-`n-p. tk\ hf-n-cp-X
- n-\m
HmSm Ign-n-. cmPmhv BPvRm-]n-p:-
"Fm-n-t\bpw ]nSnv XS-hn-emq. Ch-cpsS
kXym-{]-Im-iw
t\Xm-hns\ ]nSnv apJv Icn-tXv, ]g-s-
cnp ame-b-Wn-bn-q. Fnv Igp-X-p-dp
Ibn ]-W-n Npn-p-I. hgn-bn Ipn-I-
sf-smv apw Nmchpw Fdn-bn-p-I. Ih-e-
tXmdpw sNcnpsImv ASn-sIm-Sp-nv \mbv-
sf-smv ISn-nv sImp-I. As-n ap-
-hcpw CXp-t]m-se-bp {]hrn sNm
`b-s-Sm-Xm-Ipw'. Cs\ sNbvX-Xn\p tijw
aqp apdn-b aXw Ah-km-\n-p.
CXp-t]mse thZhncp-cmb hnhn[ k{-
Zm-b-m ]c-[\w A]-l-cn-p--Xn AXn-
N-Xp-c-m-cm-Wv. CXv "k{-Zm-b-'m-cpsS eoe-
bm-Wv.
kzman \mcm- b WaX- m [\m- ] - l - c - W -
n\v ]e-Xcw h-\-Ifpw kq{X-fpw D]-
tbm-Kn-m-dpv. Adn-hn-m--hsc hn-p--
Xn-\p-thn "acW ka-bv sh-p-Xn-c-
p- d p Ib- d n- h kl- P m- \ - apn
\evIn-sbpw', \nXyhpw Cu t-{Xn
Hcp XhW hcm-dpv Fpw apw ]dp ]c-
m-dp-v. Dhw \S-p-tm t{X-n-
\p-n ]qPmcn ]mp-Ibpw Xmsg I-hSw
\S-p-Ibpw sNp-p. t{X-n\nv ]oSn-
I- b n- t ev Zzmc- a p- v . Bsc- nepw tXm
ImgvN-sh-m DSt\ AXv Zzmc-n-eqsS ]oSn-
I-bn-se-pw. Hcp \mfn-tI-cw-Xs Znhkw
Bbn-c--W-n\p XhW hnevp-p. CXp-
t]mse Htcm km[-\hpw, injy-msc Ah-c-
h-cpsS PmXn--\p-k-cnp sXmgn sNn-p-
p. pc-I pc-I-hrn, Ipi-h Ipi-h-
hrn, inev]n inev]-tPm-en, sshiy sshiy-
hr-n, iq{Z iq{Z-hrn Fn--s\. Ch-
cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iv Icw Npan tImSn--
W-n\v cq] kam-l-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
m\m-tcm-lWw sNp-h hnhmlw Ign-
p-p. B`-c-W--f-Wn-bp-p. hon hnfn-p-
h-cp-n-bm tKmkm-bn-I-sf-tmse s]cp-am-
dp-Ibpw ZnW hmp-Ibpw sNp-p.
kzbw kw-Kn-I-sfpw ap--hsc Ipkw-
207. {ioIrjvWx aa ic-Wav F-\z-bn-m Cu A-
am-Ipw.
208. Hcp hmIy-n hn]-co-XmYw hcp-Xv icn-b-.
tjm-e-m-c-m hn`n-mY- hcp--Xm-Is
`qj-W-hp-am-Wv. a{--fpsS hn`n-mY- DZm-
l-cW- w.
289
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
Kn-I-sfpamWv Ch hnfn-p--Xv. X-fpsS
Iq-n s]Sm--h F{X henb ]WvUn-
Xt\m [man-It\m Bbmepw icn Ahsc
_lp-am-\n-p-Itbm kXvI-cn-p-Itbm C.
ap aX-sc _lp-am-\n-p-Xv ]m]-ambn
KWn-p--XmWv Imc-Ww. ]pdta Ch-cpsS
kw\ym- k n- I kv { XoIsf t\mp- I - b n- .
Fm Kp]vX-ambn Fsmw eoem-hn-em-k-
-fmWv \S-p-s - Xv Adn-p-IqSm. Nnebn-
Sfn kw\ym-kn-am-cpsS ]c-kv{Xo-K-a\w
{]kn--am-bn-p-v.
Ch-cn henb kw\ym-kn-am acn-m cl-
ky-ambn t]m-n-W-dp-I-fn Cp aqSnb--tijw
DS-temsS Atlw sshIpWvTn t]mbn
Fp ]c-ky-s-Sp-pw. kl-Pm-\ - hmWv
sImp- t ]m- b Xv ; R Ctlw ChnsS
hkn-p--XmWv \-sXv ]d-p-t\mn
Atm kl-Pm-\- ]dp: "C. Ct-
ls sshIp-WvT-n hfsc Bh-iy-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv sImp-t]m-Ip-p. R kl-
Pm-\--t\bpw hnam-\-tbpw Ip-sImv
Ip. acn-m InS--bm-fns\ hnam-\-n
Ibn Ccpn. apI-fn-te-p-b-cth ]pjv]-
hrjvSn \S-n.
GsX-nepw kw\ymkn Akp-Ja - mbn AXym-
k \ne- b n InS- p ]w Abm
"Rm \msf cm{Xn sshIp-WvT-n t]mIpw"
Fp ]dbpw. B cm{Xn-bn Abm NmImsX
t_m[-ap InS-p-Ib - m-sW-nepw FSpv InW-
n-en-p-I-f-bpw. ]d-Xv Ak-Xy-am-bn-tm-Ip-
atm Ftmmhmw Cs\ sNp--Xv.
tKmkmbn acn-p-tm injy-m -]d-bp--
Xv. ""eoem-hn-kvXmcw Ign-p-t]mbn'' Fm-
Wv. tKmkm-bn-I-fp-tSbpw \mcm-bW aX-m-cp-
tSbpw a{w Hp-X-s. "{ioIrjvW icWw
aa!' {ioIr-jvW-\mWv Fs icWw AYhm
Rm IrjvWs\ icWw {]m]n-p-p Fm-
Wn-Xn-\w. Fs ic-W-amWv {ioIr-jvW-
\v, Fpw CXn-\w hcm-hp--Xm-Wv. 207 Cu
aX--sfmw hnZym-lo-\--fm-I-bm Xe Xncn-
Xpw imkv{X-hn-cp--hp-amb hmIy-c-N\ \S-
p-p. Fn-s\-m Ah-dn-hns \nb-
a- ]cn-Nn-X-a 208.
am[zaXJWvU\w
209. t]Pv 559 cmw ]mc-{Km^v t\mp-I.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
tNmZyw: am[zaXw \-Xt?
Dcw: ap aXm-h-ew-_n-I-sftmse-bmWv
am[z-cpw. Chcpw N{Im-n-X-cm-Wv. ap N{Im-n-
X-cp-ambn Chp hyXymkw cmam-\p-Pm-\p-
bm-bn-I Hcp XhW N{Im-n-X-cm-Ip-tm
am[z hjw-tXmdpw N{Im-n-X-cm-bn-sm-n-
cn-p-s--Xm-Wv. am[z s\n-bn Idp
hc-bn-Sp-p. a-h a-h-c-bpw. Hcp -am-[z-]-
WvUn-X-\p-ambn Hcp a-lm-flmhv hmZ-{]-Xn-hmZw
\Sn:
alm-flmhv: \n-sf-n-\mWv Idp--tc-
Jbpw N{--e-t]mse Xne-Ihpw AWn-bp-
Xv?
imkv{Xn:-- CXv AWn-bp--Xn-\m R
sshIpWvTw {]m]n-pw. {ioIr-jvWs \ndw
Idp-m-bn-cp-p. AXn-\m R Idp
XneIw AWn-bp-p.
alm-flmhv: Idp hcbpw Xne-I-hp-a-Wn-
m sshIp-WvT-n Fp-sa-n apJw
apgp-h Idpv Nmn-bm Fhn-Sm-sW-p-
I? sshIp-WvT - pdw Fptam? 209 {ioIr-
- n-\
jvWs icocw Idp-Xmbn-cp--Xp-t]mse
\n-fpsS ico-chpw apgp-h Idp--Wn-bm--
sXv? A-s\-bm-bm {ioIrjvW kZr-i-
cm-Im-a-tm. Chcpw ap--h-sc-tmseXs.
enMvKm-nX aX JWvU\w
tNmZyw: enMvKm-nX aXw F-s\-bpv?
Dcw: N{Im-n-Xtc-tm-se-bp-v. N{Im-
n-X N{Iw-sImv ]mSp hogvp-Ibpw
\mcmb-W-s\m-gnsI am-scbpw hniz-kn-m-Xn-
cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xp-t]mse enMv-n-X enMv-
ns Npn-Ip-p-Ibpw alm-tZ-h-s\m-gnsI
am-scbpw ]qPn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
enMvKm-n-X Hcp inem-enwKw kz-ntem
shn- b ntem s]mXnv Igp- n- e - W n- b p-
s hntij-X-bp-v. shw IpSn-mepw,
AXns\ ImWn-nt IpSn-q. Ch-cpsS a{-
ssih-cp-tSXp t]mse-bm-Wv.
{_-k-am-P-hpw {]m\mkam-Phpw
tNmZyw: {_-k-am-Phpw {]m-\m-k-am-
Phpw \tXm No-tbm?
Dcw: Ipsd-sbmw \Xpw H-[nIw
No-bp-am-Wv.
290
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
-tNmZyw:- {_-k-am-Phpw {]m-\m-k-am-
Phpw Ghpw \-Xm-Wv. Fs-m Ch-cpsS
\nb-a- hfsc \XmIp-p.
Dcw:- \nb-a- Fm Awifnepw
\-X - . Fs-m thZ-hn-Zym-lo-\c - mb Bfp-
I-fpsS k-ev]- Fs\ Xopw icn-
bmIpw? {_-k-am-Phpw {]m-\m-k-am-Phpw
{InkvXym-\n-I-fm-Ip--Xn\nv Iptd-tsc
cn-p-Ibpw Iptd-sbms hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m-
Zn-Ifn \n-In \np-Ibpw, I {K-
-fpsS sIn\nv Ducp-Ibpw ap-ambn Iptd
\Xp sNbvXp,
Fm Ch-cpsS 16 tZmj-
1. Ch-cn kztZ-i-`n hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv.
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS BNm-c hf-sc-tbsd
kzoI-cn-n-p-v. `-W-]m-\- \n-b-a- hnhm-
lmZn \nb-a- Chbpw amn-bn-p-v.
2. kzw tZis {]iw-kn-bpw ]qn-
Isc ]pI-gvp-Ibpw sNm-Xp t]mIs,
hb-dp-\n-dsb \nn-p-p-ap-v. {]`m-jW - -- fn
{Inkv X ym\n- I - s fbpw Cwo- j p- I m- t cbpw
hmgvp-I-bmWv Ch-cpsS tPmen. {_mZn
Ejn-am-sc-n anpI t]mep-an-. {]Xyp-X,
Cwo-jp-Im-c - msX krjvSn-bn-enXx ]cyw H
hnZzm\pw Dm-bn-n-sv Ch ]d-bp-p.
Bcym-h-m BZn apXevt aqV-cm-bn-
cp-p; Ch Hcn-epw D-X-cm-bn-n-t{X!
3. thZ-tbpw apw _lp-am-\n-n-s-Xp
t]mIs \nn-m-Xn-cn-pI-bp-an-. {_-k-am-
P-ns Dtiw eyw Fnh Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
p ]pkvX-I-nse alm-flm--fpsS ]n-I-
bn tbip, tami, apl--Zv, \m\-Iv, ssNX-
210. ChnsS ss\bm-bn-I-cpsS kmam\y hnti-jm-fl-I-Pm-
Xn-sb- hnh-. Ah-cpsS aX-a-\p-k-cnv Aizw
B\ apX-em-b-hbpw kmam\y hnti-jm-flI PmXn-
bm- W v . Chn- S ps hnh- , {_m- W m- Z n- I
imkv{Xo-b-]mcn`mjnI PmXn-bm-I-bm kmam\y
a\p-jy-Pm-Xn-bnse hnti-j-Pm-Xn-sb-m-Wv. AXp-
sImv kmam\y hnti-jm-flI PmXn-bmbn. alm-`m-
jy-n, AjvSm-[ym-bnbnse PmtX-ck - {v Xo-hn-jb
Z-tbm-]-[mXv F 4.1. 63-mw kq{Xw hymJm-\n-th
PmXn-bpsS e-Ww. BIr-Xn-{K-lWm PmXncven-
MvKm\mw \ N kcvh- ` mIv kIr- Z m- J ymX
\ncv{Kmlym tKm{Xw N NcssWx kl Fm-sWv
Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. CXn\v ssIb-Ss hymJym\w C{]-
Im-ca- mWv: ""BIr-Xncv{K-lWw bkymx km BIr-
Xn-{K-l-Wm, Ah-b-h-k-n-thi hyMv-tKy-XycvYx
kXym-{]-Im-iw
\y Fn-hsc s]Sp-n-bn-p-v. Hcp Ejn-
tbtbm, aljn-tbtbm Ds-Sp-n-bn-n.
CXn\nv t]sc-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p--h-cpsS aXm-
\p-bm-bn-I-fmWv Ch-scv sXfn-bp-p. Cu
Bcym-h-n P\nv Cu tZi-nse
A-]m-\m-Zn-I- Ign-p-sIm-n-cn-p Ch
X-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-, ]nXm-a-l-m apX-
em-b-h-cpsS amw hnv hntZ-iob aX--fn-
tev Nmbvhv Imp-Xpw {_-k-am-Pn-Ifpw
{]m\m kam- P - mcpw Cm- nse
kwkvIrX hnZym cln-X-cmb X alm
hnZzmam-cm-sWv {]I-S\w \S-p-Xpw,
Cwojp ]Tnv ]WvUn-X--\y-cmbn QSp-Xn-
bn Hcp aX-ap-m-m bXv\n-p-Xpw a\p-
jy\v nc-Xbpw A`n-hr-nbpw Dmp
{]hr-n-I-fm-Ip--sX--s\-bmWv?
4. Cwo-jp-Im, bh-\, Ay-P, Fn-h-
cp-ambn `Ww Ign-p--Xn Hcp hyXym-
khpw Iev]n-p-n-. Dpw Xnpw IpSnpw
PmXn-t`Zw XIm \psS tZiw \m-
Ip- sav Ch Icp- X p- - X mbn tXmp- p.
As\ sNbvXm Fs\ \mIpw? No-
bm-hp-Itb Dq.
tNmZyw: PmXn-t`Zw Cuiz-c-Ir-Xtam a\p-
jy-Ir-Xtam?
Dcw: Cuiz-cI - rXhpw a\pjyIrX-hp-amb
GtX\ tKmXzm-Zn-Pm-Xncv enXm {_m-W-Xzm-
ZnkvXp \ kw{K-lo-Xm. {_mWm {Xn-bm-Zo\mw
kwm-\ky kZr-i-Xzm-Zn-Xn. Xw-{K-lmbml
enMvKm-\m-anXn''. XmXv]cyw: BIrXn AYhm
ico-c--A-h-bh c-N\m hnti-j-m Dm-Ip
m\-amWv PmXn. tKmXzw AizXzw Fn-h-t]m-
se. {_mW {Xn-bm-Zn-If - psS ico-c- A
- h- b- h cN-
\-bn kam-\X - b- p-.v AXn-\m "{_m-W' Fp-
]-d-m PmXn-bmbn KWn-m-\m-hn-. AXn-\m
]d-bpp Fm enMvK--fnepw {]bp--am-Im-
Xpw PmXn-kw-b - n hcpw. {_m-W - {- Xn-bm-
Zn-I DZm-l-c-Ww. Cu Dc-W-n\nv {_m-
Wm-Zn-I ico-cm-Ir-Xn-sIm--dn-bm-hp PmXn-bn
s]Sp-n-sep hyw. \ymb-Im-cs kam-\-{]-k-
hm-flnIm PmXnx (2.2.68) F kq{Xw BIr-Xn-
- m- sImv {Kln-m-hp PmXn-sb- - n-bm-Wv. kmam-\y-
amb PmXn-e-Ww sImv {_m-Wm-Zn-I PmXn
hmN-I-a-s-nepw imkv{Xob Imcy-kn-n-p-thn
DZm- l - c - W - n\v hymI- c W imkv { X- n
{_mWn Fpw ap kv{Xo{]-Xybw tNp-X - n\v
hnti-j-cq-t]W PmXn Fp ]d-p-sh-t-bp-q.
Nc-W- t- Km-{X-hm-Nn-If - mb PmXn-kw-I - fpw hnti-
j-Pm-Xn-bn sSpw.
291
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
PmXn-t`-Z-apv.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-cI
- r-Xt- a-Xv, a\p-jy-Ir-Xt- aXv?
Dcw: a\p-jy, arKw, ]n, hrw, Pe-
Pp apX-emb PmXn-I Cuiz-cI - r-Xa - m-Wv. arK-
fn ]ip, IpXn-c, B\ apXemb PmXn-I,
hr--fn Ac-bm, t]cm, amhv apX-
embh, ]n-I-fn lwk ImI _Im-Zn-
I, Pe-P-p--fn, ay--Xn-anw-K-em-Zn-I
apX-emb PmXn-t`-Z- Cuiz-cI - r-Xa- m-Wv. CXp-
t]m-se-bmWv a\p-jy-cnse {_mW {Xnb
sshiy iq{Z Ay- P m- Z n, PmXn- t `- Z - .
Fm a\p- j y- c n {_m- W m- Z n- I sf
kmam\y PmXn-bn-e kmam\y hnti-jm-flI
210
PmXn-bn-emWv KWn-p--Xv. app hWm-
{ia hyh--bn Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-t]mse KpW-
Ia kz`m-h-m hW-hy-h- AwKo-I-cn-
t-Xv Bh-iy-am-W.v app ]d-h - w Ah-
cpsS KpW-Iakz`m-h- t\mn {_mW
{Xnb sshiy iq{ZmZn hW--fpsS ]co-
Ww \Sn hn`-Pn-tXv cmPm-mcp-
tSbpw hnZzmam-cp-tSbpw IrXy-am-Wv. CXmWv
a\p-jym-Ir-X-Xzw.
Blm-c-t`-Z-nepw Cuiz-c-Ir-Xhpw a\p-jy-
Ir-Xhpw Dv. knwlw amwk-lm-cn-bpw, Fcpa
kkym-lm-cn-bp-am-Wv. CXv CuizcIrXw. tZi-
Ime hkvXp-t`-Z-m Blm-c-t`Zw Dm-p-
Xv a\p-jy-Ir-Xw.
bqtdm-p-Im-cpsS KpW-tZmj \ncq-]Ww
tNmZyw: t\mq. bqtdm-p-Im jqkpw,
tImpw ]m vkpw [cn-bpw, tlm-ep-I-fn
Bcp-m-n-b-sXp t\mmsX `n-p-
Ibpw sNp--Xp-sImv Ah D-Xnsb
{]m]n-p-p.
Dcw:- CXp \n-fpsS sXmb hnizm-k-
am-Wv. apkam-m-cpw, Ay-Pcpw Bcp-m-n-
b-Xm-bmepw `n-p-p, Fnpw Ah D-
X-cm-hm-s - Xv? bqtdm-p-Im-cn _mey hnhm-
l-an-. Bs] t`Z-an-msX hnZym-`ymkw
\evIp-p. kzbw-hc hnhmlw \S-p-p, No-
bm-fp-I-fpsS D]-tZiw e`n-p-n-, hnZzm-m-
cmbn Bcp-sSbpw ]n-em--n s]Sm-Xn-cn-
p-p. ]c-kv]cw Btem-Nn-pw, k`-bn N-
sNbvXv \n-bnpw Imcy- \S-p-p.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
kzPm-Xn-I-fpsS Db-p-thn ico-chpw
a\pw [\hpw An-p-p, Be-kyw-sh-
Snv I-\n-c-X-cm-bn-cn-p-p. Ch-bmWv
Ah-cpsS Dbv \nZm\w. -t\mq! Ah-cpsS
tZi-p-m-nb _qSvkv am{Xta Imcym-e-b-
nepw It-cn-bnepw Cp-sImv Ib-dp-hm
]mSp-q. ChnsS D-m-n-bXv AI-p-I-S-
pIbn-. Ah-cpsS tZi-p-m-nb sNcp-
n-t\m-Sp{Xbpw _lp-am-\hpw kvt\lhpw
CX-c-tZ-i-m-cmb a\p-jyp-t]mepw \evIp-
n-. bqtdm-]y-m ChnsS hnv GXm\pw
iX-hj--fmbn. CXp-h-scbpw Ah X-
fpsS hkv{X-[m-cW coXn XpS-cp-p. Ah-cpsS
tZi-s BNm-c-co-Xn-I-sfm-pw Chn-sSbpw
ammsX A\p-hn-p-p. -\n--fn hf-sc-
tcpw Ahsc A\p-I-cn-p-p. CXn\nv
\n _pn-bn-m--hcpw Ah _pn-am-
m-cp-am-sWp knn-p-nt? A\p-I-cn-p-
Xv _pn-bp--h-cpsS e-W-a-. AXp-
t]mse GXp tPmen-bn-en-cn-p-pthm B
tPmen btYm- N nXw sNp- p.
Bm\phn-If - m-bn-cn-p-p. kzw \mp-
Imsc hym]m- c mZn- I - f n klm- b n- p- p.
Ccw KpW-fpw \ {]hr-n-bpw-sIm-
mWv Ah Db-cp--Xv. _qvkpw, tImpw,
]m vkpw [cn-p-I, tlm-en `n-pI apX-
emb km[m-c-Wtbm Notbm Bb Imcy-
-sIm-. Ch-cnepw PmXn-t`Zw Dv. F{X-
h-enb m\-n-cn-pbmfm-bmepw icn,
A\y-tZ-i-m-cntbm A\y aX-tbm Bb
kv{Xosb, AYhm bqtdm-]y kv{Xo A\y-]p-
cp-js\ , hnhmlw Ign-mXs Ahsc
Fn-s\-nepw Wn-p-tXm, Iqn-cpp
`Ww Ign-p-tXm ap--h \nn--f-
bp-p. CXv PmXn-t`-Z-a-s-n ]ns-mWv?
R- f n PmXn- t `- Z - a n- s v km[p- - f mb
\nsf ]dp hniz-kn-n-p-I-bm-Wv. \n-
fXv hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXn-\m
Fp sNp-Xpw \-hw Btem-Nn-p-th-
Ww. ]noSv ]m-m-]-n\v CS hc-cp-Xv.
t\mq! sshZy\pw Huj-[hpw tcmKn-mWv
Bhiyw. tcmK-c-ln-X-\-. hnZy-bp--h tcmK-
c-ln-X\pw hnZym-c-ln-X Ahn-Zym-tcm-K-{K-kvX-
\p-am-Wv. B tcmK hnap-nv kXy-hn-Zybpw -
k-tXym-]-tZ-ihpw thWw. Xnp--Xnepw IpSn-
292
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
p-X - n-ep-amWv [-an-cn-p-s
- X tXm
Am-\-n\n-p-m-Ip tcmK-am-Wv.
`Ww Ign-p--Xn Fs-nepw A\m-
Nmcw Imp--h- {`jvS-cm-sbp ]d-bpw. Ah-
cp-ambn kwkm-cn-p-Itbm kl-I-cn-p-Itbm
sNp-n-. Cu nXnv \n-fpsS Adn-
shmw kzm-X-bvp-th-ntbm ]c-am-
n\p thntbm Fp ]d-bp-I. \n-fpsS
Adnhv Am-\nIv {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-tm-
gmWv ]c-amw {]m]vX-am-hp-Xv. A-h
{]tbm-P\sSp-p-n Fp ]d-bp-Xv icn-
b-., AXp \n-fpsS Ip-am-Wv. Ah-cp-tS-X-.
\n \mbn s]cp- a m- d p- s a- n Ah
\nsf kvt\ln-p-Ibpw \n-fpsS D]-tZ-
i- tIp- I bpw D]- I r- X - c m- h p- I bpw
sNpw. \n Bbn-c--W-n\v P\--fpsS
{]tbm-P\w \jvS-s-Spn kzbw kpJn-p. -
A-Xp-sImv \n henb A]-cm-[n-I-fm-Wv.
A\y\v D]-Im-cw-sN-pXv [hpw ]c-lm\n
hcp- pXv A[a- h p- a m- W v . AXn- \ m
hnZzmm Fm- b v- t mgpw th hn[w
{]hnv Am-\n-Isf ZpxJ-km-K-c-n
\np Ic-I-b-p--Xn\v Hcp tXmWn-sb--hw
hn- - W w. XnI aqV- m- s c- t mse
A-an-m I- sNbvXp-IqSm. ]Icw
A\ypw X\npw Zn\w-{]Xn Db Dm-
Ip Ia- am{Xta sNm-hq.
5. tNmZyw: Cuiz-c-{]-Wo-Xhpw apgp-h\pw
kXy-hp-amb ]pkvX-I-sampw CsmWv
R-fpsS hnizm-kw. Fs-m a\p-jy-cpsS
_pn \n{`m-a-. Ah cNn ]pkvX-I--
fnepw sXp-I Dm-bn-cn-pw. AXp-sImv
R Fm-hc - n\npw kXys {Kln-p-
p. Ak-Xys XyPn-p-p. thZ-n-te-tXm,
ss__n- f n- t e- t Xm, Jp-B-\n-tetXm at-
sXnepw {K-n-tetXm BIs kXyw
Rp kzoIm- c yhpw AkXyw- GXn-
teXmbmepw XymPy-hp-am-Wv.
Dcw : \n kXy-{Km-ln-If - m-Im
B{K-ln-p--tX-Xp-sImtm AXp-sIm-p-
Xs \n Ak-Xy-{Km-ln-I-fp-am-Ip-p-v.
a\p-jy -\n{`m\ Fp ]d-bp-tm
Xs a\p-jycmb \nfpw {`mn-k-ln-X-cm-
211. t]Pv 318-319
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sWp hcp-p. A-s\-bp--h-cpsS hmp-
I Xopw {]mam-Wn-I-a-. AXn-\m \n-
fpsS hmp-Ifpw- -hn-iz-k-\o-b-a. A-s\-sb-
n hnjw-I-e `-Ww-t]mse \n-fpsS
hmp-If- pw XymPyamWv. \n-fpsS {]mam-WnI
{Kw cNnbmfns hmp-Ifpw CXp-t]mse
XyPn-t--Xm-Wv. "Ing-p-\np h-Xp-an
Hm-en InS--Xp-an' F nXn-bn-emWv -
\n-. \n k--c-m--Xp-t]mse
ap a\p-jycpw k--c-. Xn-anw Nn-
e-tm kXys XyPnv Ak-Xys kzoI-
cn-m\pw CS-bm-tb-mw. AXp-sImv k-
-\mb ]c-am-flm-hns hmWnbpsS klmbw
Aev]--cmb \ap-smw IqSntb Ign-bq.
thZ hymJym-\-n FgpXn h-Xns\ AXp-
t]mse 211 Ahiyw kzoI- c n- t - - X m- W v .
As-n btXm-{`-jSv k - X
v t- Xm-{`jvSx C-p-
an Am-p-an F Ah--bm-Ipw.
Fm kXy-fpw thZ-n Dv. AkXyw
Hp-an Fn-cns AXns\ kzoI-cn-p--
Xn in-p-Xv X\npw ap--hpw
lm\n-bp-m-pI am{X-amWv. CXp \nan--
amWv \nsf Cm- p- I m `mc- X o- b - c m- b n-
tmepw KWn-m--Xv. \n Bcym-h-
ns Dbv Imc-W-m-cm-hp-I-bp-an.
Imc-Ww, \n Ccn-p sImv apdn-p-
hcm-Wv. CXp-sImv kzbtam ap-h - tm
D]-Imcw sNm-sap hnNm-cnps-n AX-
212. krjvSyp-Xv]n Fmw kap-m-kw. Poth-izc
hnjbw Ggmw kap-m-kw.
213. ]m-m-]hpw {]mb-n-hpw Xn A-c-ap-
v. ]m-m-]hpw {]mY-\bpw `mhn-bn ZpjvIa-
sNm-Xn-cn-p-hm klm-bn-p-p. Cm-cW - -
m ]qh-Ir-X-amb ZpjvIa--fpsS ^e--
fn\nv c Inp-I-bn-. {]mb-nw sImv
ZpjvIa Im- imco-cI - hpw am\-kn-Ih- p-amb
IjvSw F{X Iv A\p-`-hn-p-pthm A{Xbpw
ZpjvIa-^-e-n\nv c {]m]n-pw. imkv{X-
Im-c-m {]mb-n hyh sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv
Cm-cW - - m-em-Wv. CXp-Xs \oXn-\ym-bt- m-SX - n-
bpsS in-bnepw kw`-hn-p-p. sNbvX sXn\v
\oXn-\ym-bt- m-SX
- n-bpsS in A\p-`h - n-m Cuiz-
co-b-\o-Xn-\ym-b-n hopw in A\p-`-hn-t-
-Xn-. Hcp sXn\v cp-X-hW inm-\p-`hw C.
\ymbm-[n-]s kh-X - m-cm-lnXyw \nanw in-
bn G-p-d-hp-I hp-Iq-Spw. Cu Ah--bn
Ah-ti-jn-p G-p-d-hp-I ]cn-l-cn-p-Xv
Cuiz-cob \oXn-\ymb hyh--bpsS `mK-amWv.
293
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
km-[y-sadnb-Ww. Bcp-sS-sb-nepw amXm-]n-
Xm- cpt]- temI- n- e p Ipn- I -
sfsbmw hfm XpS- n- b m?
hfm km[n- p- I - b n- s p am{X- a
Am-c-W-m kzw IpnI \jvS-sp
t]mhp-Ibpw sNpw. CXmWv \n-fpsS Ctm-
gs nXn. thZm- Z n- k - X y- i m- k v { X- sf
AwKo- I - c n- msX \n F- s \- b mWv
kzw hmp-If - nse kXym-kX - y- ]co-n-
p-Xpw `mc-X-ns Db ssIh-cp-p-
Xpw?
tZi-n-\p-m-bncnp tcmK-n-\p
Huj[w \n-fpsS ] C. bqtdm-]y-m
\nsf AwKo-Ic - n-p-n-. `mc-Xo-b \nsf
A\y- a - X - m- c m- b n- mWv ImWp- - X v.
C\nsbnepw Imcyw a\-n-emn thZm-Zn-I-
fw-Ko-I-cnv tZtim--Xnv bXv\np-Xv
\m-bn-cn-pw. kXyw Cuiz-c-\n\n-p {]Im-
in- p- s v \n ]d- b p- p. ]ns- p-
sImv, Ejn-am-cpsS Bflmhn Cuiz-c-\m
{]Im- i n- X - a mb kXym- a mbn thZ- sf
AwKo-I-cn-p-n? \n thZw ]Tn-n-n-,
]Tn-m-\m-{K-ln-ppan- F-XmWv Imc-Ww.
]ns--s\-bmWv \nv th-tZm--amb
m\w Dm-hp-Xv?
6. D]m-Zm-\-Im-c-W-an-m-sX-bmWv PK-Zp-Xv]-
n-sb-pw, Pohm-flmhv Dmb-Xm-sWpw,
{Inkv X ym- \ n- I - s fbpw apkam- m- s cbpw
t]mse Ch hniz-kn-p-p. CXn-\p-cw,
krjvSyp-Xv]-n, Poth-iz-c-m 212 Fnh
hymJym-\n-n-cn-pnS-p-v. Imc-W-an-msX
Imcyw DmIpXv khYm Akw-`-hy-amWv.
AXp-t]mse Dm-bXv \in-m-Xn-cn-pXpw
Akw-`-hyam-Wv.
7. ]m-m-]hpw 213 {]m-\bpw sImv
]m] \nhr- n- b p- m- I p- s a hnizm- k hpw
\n-fpsS tZmj-am-Wv. Cu hnizmkw temI-
n ]m]w hn-n-n-p-v. ]pcmW hnizm-
kn-I Xo-bm-{X-sImpw, ssP\ \h-Im-
c- a - { - P ]w Xo- b m{X Fn- h - s Impw,
{Inkv X ym- \ n- I tbip- h n- e p hnizmkw
214. CXv B[p- \ nI aX- a m- W v. CXn- t - e mWv
ImamIvkn-tbpw {^mbn-n-tbpw knm- -
sIn--Sp-n-cn-p--Xv.
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
sImpw, apkam- m - X u_mlv sNp-
XpsImpw, ^em-\p-`hw IqSmsX ]m]-tam-
N\w e`n-p-sap hniz-kn-p-p. CXp-sImv
]m]w `bwIqSmsX sNp-Xv hfsc hn-
n-cn-pp. Cm-cy-n {_{]mY\m
kam-P-m ]ucm-Wn-I-tcbpw apw t]mse-bm-
Wv. thZ-ns A\p-, ^e-a-\p-`-hn-msX
]m]-]p-Wy--fn\nv \nhrn Dm-hp-I-
bn Fm-Wv. AX-\p-kc - n-ph kZm ]m]-
hn-ap-Jcpw [tam-p-Jcpw Bbn-cn-pw. ^em-
\p-`-h-an-msX \nhr--am-Ip-sa-m-sW-n
Cuiz-c A\ym-b-Im-cn-bm-sWp hp-Iq-Spw.
8. \n Pohm-flm-hn\v AXyw DXn
{]m]nmsap ]d- b p- p. CsXm- c nepw
km[y-a - . koa-bp Pohm-flm-hns KpW-Ia
kz`m-h - f - psS ^ehpw koa-bp-X
- m-bn-cn-pw.
tNmZyw:- Cuiz-c Zbm-ep-hmWv. koa-bp
Ia-pw \no-a-amb ^ew \evIpw.
Dcw :- As\ sNbvXm Cuiz-cs
\ymbw \jvS-amIpw. kXvI--fpsS ]ptcm-
K- X nv Bcpw bXv\n- - b p- a n- . Ipdv
kXvIn\v A\-amb ^ew e`n-p-sa-
n ]m-m-]hpw {]m-\-bpw-sImv
F{X-sb-nepw ]m]w Cm-Xm-Ipw. Ccw
Imcy- [a-lm\n hcp-pw. ]m]-I-
hn-p-Ibpw sNpw.
tNmZyw: R- kzm`m-hnI m\s
214
thZ-t-m hen-b-Xmbn Icp-Xp-p.
ss\an-n-I-amb m\s hne-h-bvp-n-
. Cuiz-c-Z--amb kzm`m-hn-I-m\w \n-
en-sn thZ--sf-s\ ]Tn-bpw ]Tnn-
bpw a\-n-em-p-Ibpw a\-n-em-n-p-Ibpw
sNpw? AXn-\m R-fpsS aX-amWv hfsc
\-Xv.
Dcw:- Cu hmZw \nc-I-am-Wv. Fs-
m Bsc-nepw Xcp m\w kzm`m-hnI
m\-a - . kzm`m-hnI m\w klPm\-
am-W.v AXv Gdp-Itbm Ipd-bp-Itbm C. AXp
\nanw Bcpw DXn {]m]n-p-I-bn-. Imp-
a-\p-jy-cnepw kzm`m-hnI m\-ap-v. Fnepw
Ah Db t\Sp- n- . Fm ss\an-
nIm\-amWv D-Xnp Imc-Ww. t\mq!
215. HXmw kap-mkw t]Pv 389 apX
294
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
_meymh--bn I-hym-Ihytfm
[am-[a-tfm \ap-smpw Adn-hn-m-bn-cp-
p. \mw hnZzm-m-cn \nv ]Tn--Xn-\p-ti-j-
amWv [am-[a-fpw I-hy-fpw a\-n-
em-m-\m-b-Xv. AXn-\m kzm`m-hnI m\-
ns\ kthm-]-cn-bm-sWv Icp-Xp-Xv icn-
b-.
9. \n ]qh-P - hpw ]p\P-hpw AwKo-
I-cn-m-Xv -IrkvXym\nI-tfbpw apo--
tfbpw A\p- I - c n- m- h mw.- - C - X n- \ p- - c hpw
]p\P hymJym-\-n \np {Kln-p-
I. 215 Fm Poh imizX \nXy
\msWpw AXns Ihpw {]hm-l-cq-]-
n \nXy-am-sWpw -am{Xw a\-n-em-p-I.
Iahpw Ia-hm\pw Xn - -\n-Xy-_--ap-v.-
Pohmflmhv Hpw sNmsX shdp-sX-bn-cn-
p-I-bmtWm? Cuiz-c\pw shdptX Ccn-p-I-
bm- s Wt \n ]d- b p- Xp tIm
tXmq. ]qhm-]-c-P-- Csphm.
IrX-lm\n, BIrXm-`ym-Kaw , ss\LrWyw,
sshjayw Fo tZmj- Cuiz-c-\n
hp IqSpw. P-an-s-n ]m]-]pWy ^e-
-f-\p-`-hn-m-\m-ImsX hcp-p. asm-cm-fn\v
kpJtam ZpxJtam em`tam tNXtam hcp-n-
h-m AXn-\p-X--hw ^ew icocw [cn-
msX {]m]vX-am-Ip-n-. cm-aXv ]qh-P-
-nse ]m]-]pWyfn-s-n Cu P-
n kpJ- Z px- J - Fs\bpm- I m-
\mWv? ]qh-P--nse ]m]-]p-Wy--f-\p-k-
cn- Ch-sb-n Cuiz-c A\ym-b-Im-cnbpw,
sNbvX Ia-n\p ^e-e_v[n Cm-sX-bm-hp-
Ibpw sNpw. AXn- \ m \n- f psS Cu
hmZhpw icn-b-.
10. Cuiz- c - s \- b - msX, Znhy- K pW- a p
]Zm--tfbpw hnZzm-m-scbpw \n tZh-
m-cmbn Icp-Xp-n-. CXpw icn-b-. Fs-
m Cuiz-c alm-tZ-h-\m-Wv. thsd tZh-
m-cn-s-n tZh-tZ-h-\mb alm-tZ-h Fs-
n\p ]d-bWw?
11. Antlm{XmZn Ihy Ia
I-hy-a-sp Icp-Xp-Xv \-X-.
12. Ejn--a-ljn-am-cpsS D]-Im-c- hn-kva-
cnv tbip-hn-sbpw apw ]nmte Iq\n-q-Sp-
Xv \-X-.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
13. Imc-W-hn-Zy-bmb thZ--sf-q-SmsX ap
Imcy-hn-Zy-Isf AwKo-I-cn-p-I-sb-Xv Akw-
`-hy-am-Wv.
14. hnZy-bpsS Nn--fmb btm]-hoXw
inJ Fnh shSnv IrkvXym-\n-I-tfbpw
apow--tfbpw t]mse \S-p-Xv shdp-tX-
bm-Wv. ]m vkpw apw [cn-p-Ibpw saU-ep-
Ifpw apw [cn-m B{Kln-pIbpw sNp-
-hv btm]-hoXw henb `mc-am-bn-
tmtbm?
15. {_m Ejn apX Ctm-v alm-hn-Zzm-
m Bcym-h-n-ep-m-bn-p-v. Ahsc
]pI-gvmsX kmbv]-msc -kvXp-Xnp \S-
pXv ]-]m-Xhpw {]oW-\-hp-a-s-n
]nsmsWp ]d-bWw?
16. _oPm-pcw t]mse, PU-tN-X\ kwtbm-
K-m _otPm-Xv]n AwKo-I-cn-p-Xpw,
DXv] - np apv Poh-Xzw Dmbncpnspw,
Dm-bXv \in-p-n-spw hniz-kn-p-Xv
]qhm-]c hncp--am-Wv. -DXv]np apv
tNX\P-U-h-kvXp- Cm-bn-cp-s-n
Poh Fhn-sS-\np hp? -G-Xn-s-sbmw
kwtbm-K-amWp kw`-hn-Xv? Ch cpw k\m-
X-\-am-sWp ]d-bpXp icn-bm-Wv. Fm
krjvSnp apv Cuiz-c-\-msX asmcp Xz-
hp-an-m-bn-cp-s Xm-fpsS ]w \ne-\n-
evmsX t]mIp-p.
AXn-\m Db-bm-{K-ln-p-h Bcy-
k-am-P-n-t\mSp tNv AXns Dtyiya-\p-
k-cnv {]hn-m Xm-dm-I-Ww. As-
n Hcp t\hpw Dm-hp-I-bn-. GXp tZi-
nse ]Zm- sImmtWm kzi-cocw
Dm-n-bn-cn-p--Xpw-. Ctmgpw ]men--s-
Sp-X- pw, taenepw ]men-s - -Sp-Xpw AXns
Dbv icocw a\kv [\w Fnh Anv
Fm-hcpw tbmPnv ]c-kv]c {]oXn-tbmsS
bXv\n--Ww. AXn-\m Bcy-k-am-P-t-
tmse Bcymh tZi-ns D-Xnv
asmpw Imc-Wa - m-hp-In-. Cu Cu kam-Ps
klm-bn-p-sa-n hfsc \-Im-cy-am-WXv
kam-Pns ku`mKyw hnn-tXv
kmaq-l-ns IS-a-bmWv hyn-bptSXp -am-
216. aljn-bpsS Imev 600-e-[nIw cmPm--m `mc-
X-n-ep-m-bn-cp-p.
295
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
{X-a-.
tNmZyw: Xm Fm-h-tcbpw JWvUn-p-
sIm- n- c n- p- p. Fm AXm- X ns
\nebvv Fm aX-fpw \XmWv. Btcbpw
JWvU\w sNbvXp IqSm. JWvUn-n-v, sa-am-
sb-mWv Xm-fp-]-tZ-in-p--Xv? sa-am-bp-
]-tZ-in-psn Xm-tf-m A[n-Itam
Xpeytam tbmKy- X - b p Bcpw Cm- b n- c p-
stm Cstm Icp-Xp-pm-hp-atm?
Cs\ A`n-am-\n-p-Xv Xmv DNn-X-a-
. Fs-m Cuizcs krjvSn-bn Hn-
s\mv Xpeytam \yq\tam Bbn ]e-Xp-apv.
Uw`v Imp-Xv Hpw DNn-X-a-.
Dcw:- [aw Fm-hpw Hp-Xs - tbm
]etXm? ]e-XmsWp ]d-bp ]w Hv
asm-n\v hncp-tam Ahn-cp-tam? hncp--
am-W-n GsX-nepw Ht [aam-bn-cn-q.
A-hn-cp--am-sW-nhn`nambn-cnp-Xn
AY-an-.- A-Xn-\m [aw Hm-Wv. At\-I-
a-.
ChnsS hnti-j-ambn ]d-bp-Xv C{X-am-{X-
amWv:- Fm k{-Zm-b--fp-tSbpw D]-tZ-i-
GsX-nepw `c-Wm-[n-] kam-l-cn-m,
Bbn-c-n-sempw Ipd-bp-I-bn-. Fm Ch-
bn -ap-Jy-ambn ]pcm-Wn, IrkvXym-\n, ssP-\n,
Ipdm\n Fo -\m-en-\ta Dm-bn-cn-q. Fm
k{-Zm-b-fpw Cu \men-sem-nsSpw.
GsX-nepw cmPmhv Xs k`-bn 216Cu
Bbn-c-t--bpw hnfnp Iqn ""Rm\n-Xp-hsc-
GsX- nepw Kpcp- h n- t \tbm [- t tbm
kzoI-cn-n-n-. Fm [--fnepw Daw
Bcp- t S- X m- W v? Rm kzo- I - c ntXv
GXmWv? hma-amKn BZyw ]d-bs''. Fp
]d-bp-p-shp k-ev]npI.
hma-amKn:- R-fp-tS-Xv.
Pnmkp: Cu 999-w F-s\-bpv?
hm. am:- Fm-hcpw I-m. \c-I-Km-an-
I ImemXv ]c-Xcw \ln Fp -tI-n-nt?
Cu {]am-W-m R-fp-tS-Xn sa-amb
[--an-sp \n-bw.
Pn:- Xm-fpsS [w -F-mWv?
hm. am: `K-h-Xnsb tkhn, aZyamwkmZn
]-a-Im-c- tkhn, cp{Z-bm-a-emZn X{-
sNbvI, CXymZn \n\v apn thtWm,
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
\psS injy-\m-bn-smI.
Pn: icn. ap alm-Xvam--tfm-Sp-IqSn tNmZn-
-dn-b-s. ]noSv F\nv {ibpw CjvShpw
tXmpbmfns injy-\m-Ipw.
hm. am: tlbv! Fn\o A_--n
NmSpp? Ch \nsf I_-fn-nv he-bn
IpSp-pw. Bcp-sS-b-Sppw t]mtI-. R-
fpsS injy-\m-hv. As-n ]m--]n-pw.
t\mv ! R- f psS aX- n t`mKhpw
tamhpw cpw Dv.
Pn: icn. t\mn-h-cmw.
]noSv ssihs ASpv sN- t m
Ahcpw CtX Dcw ]d-p. hnti-jm]d-
-Xn-{X-am{Xw: ""inhs\ hniz-kn-msX,
`kv a - c p- { Zm [mc- W - h pw, enMv K - ] q- P bpw
sNmsX apn Hcn-epw e`n-p-I-bn-.''
Chsc hnv \ho\ thZm-n-bpsS ASpp
sNp.
Pnmkp: alm-fl! Ahn-Ss [-
sa-mWv?
thZmn: \mw [am[a--sfmpw IW-
m-p-n-. \mw kmm {_-am-Wv. \apv
[a-sav, A[-asav? Cu PKv anYy.
m\n-bm-h-tWm, ip ssNX-\y-am-I-tWm,
{_-sav kzbw \n\-bvq. Poh-s\--`mhw
If \nXy-ap--\m-hpw.
Pnmkp: \n \nXy-ap {_m-W-
s\-n {_-ns KpW-Ia kz`m-h-
\n-fn-en-m--sXv? Fn\o ico-c-n
_nX-\m-bn-cn-pp?
th: \n icocw ImWp- p, Ct?
AXmWv -{`m-n. \ Hpw ImWp-n-. {_-
-a-msX
Pn: ImWp--Xmcv? Bsc ImWpp?
th: {-- _w ImWp-p. {_-s {_w
ImWp-p.
Pn: tM! cp {_--aptm?
th: C. Xs, Xm ImWp-p.
Pn: Hcp- h \v Ahs tXmfn Ib- d m-
satm? \n-fpsS Cu ]d-n-en Hp-an-.
{`m-m-sX.
]noSv ssP\n-If - psS ASpp sNp tNmZn-
296
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
p. Ahcpw A-s\-Xs ]d-p. hnti-
jm C{Xbpw IqSn ]d-p. ""PnW [a-sam-
gnsI asmw s]m. PKXv Im- h mb
A\mZn Cuiz-c-\n-. PKv A\mZn Imew
apX Cs\ Dmn h-Xm-Wv. Ct\
XpS-cpw. \o hm. \psS injy-\m-hv. \
kayzo Fm hn[-nepw \-h BWv.
\ Imcy- kzoI-cn-p-p. ssP\ amK-a-
m--sXmw anYzm-Xzo-b-am-Wv.''
]noSv Ir-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS ASpp sNp.
Ah- t cmSpw hma- a mKn- I - t fmSp tNmZn- Xp-
t]mse tNmZy- tNmZn-p. Ah ]d--
Xp-t]mse D-c-hpw Inn. hnti-jm C{X-
am{Xw IqSn ]dp:- ""a\p-jy-scmw ]m]n-I-
fmWv. kzw kmayw-sImv ]m]-apn
Inp-I-bn-. {InkvXp-hn- hnizknv ]hn-{X-cm-
ImsX apn-bn-. tbip Fm-hpw thn
kzbw Ipcn-in-te-dn I\n-hp-Im-n, \o R-fpsS
injy-\m-bn-tm-fq.''
CXp tI-tijw Pnmkp aue-hn-km-tl-
_ns ASpp sNp. Ahn-sSbpw tNmtZym-
-c--fp-m-bn, C{X-bpw-IqSn ]d-p. ""k-
i- - \ mb Amlp, Ahs {]hm- N - I
JpB ico^v Ch-b-msX ap apn am-
an-. CXn hniz-kn-m--h \mkvXn-Icpw
Im^n-dp-If- p-am-Wv. Ah hmPn_pIXv (inc-
tZw sN-s-tS--h) BWv.
Pnmkp sshjv W hcpsS ASpp
sNp. Ah hnti-jm- ]d-Xv CXm-Wv.
""R-fpsS Xne-I-pdn Iv ba-cm-P `b-
p-p.'' PnPvRmkp hnNm-cnp Cubpw
sImXpIpw t]meo-kp-Im-c\pw I\pw sIm-
m-c\pw i{Xpfpw `b-s-Sp-n. ]nmtWm
ba-`-S-m!
hopw aptmv \Sv Htcm aX-m-cp-tSbpw
ASpp sNp. Fm-hcpw X-fp-tS-XmWv
kXy-sap ]d-p. Nne R-fpsS I_o
kXyw, Nne \m\Iv kXyw, Nne ZmZq, Nne
h-` C\n Nne kl-Pm-\-, ap-Nne am-
[z apX-embhsc henb-hcpw Ah-Xm-c--
217. apWvU-tIm-]-\n-jv 1.2, 12-13
218. ssII-fn kaW hkvXp-hp-ambn kan[ (b--
hn-d-Iv) kpe-`hpw sFI-cq-]y-ap--Xp-am-I-bm D]-
\n-jX- vIm-c AXv kaW hkvXp-hm-n-bX
Acn--lvk-X = iq\y-a-m ssII-fp--h
kXym-{]-Im-iw
fp-ambn hmgvn. Bbn-ct- mSpw tNmZn-p. Ah-
cpsS ]c-kv]c hntcm[w Iv, Ch-cn-emcpw Kpcp-
hmbn kzoI-cn-m tbmKy-c Fv \nbn-
p. Fs-m Hmtcmpw I-am-sWv av
999 t] kmn ]d-p. I-hS- - m-c\pw,
thiy-bpw, sXm-ep-Im-c-\pw Ah-c-h-cpsS Nc-
p-I \spw ap-h - c
- ptSXv No Fpw
]d-bp-Xp t]mse-bm-Wn-h ]d-bp--Xpsa--
dnv:-
1. XZzn-m-\mcvYw, k Kpcp-ta-hm-`n-K-tXv
kan-Xv]mWnx t{im{Xnbw {_-\n-jvT-av.
2. Xkvssa khn-Zzm-\p-]-k-mb kay-Iv{]-
im Nnmb ia-\zn-Xmb tb\m-cw ]p-
cpjw thZ kXyw t{]mhmN Xmw XztXm
{_-hn-Zym-av. 217
1. B kXys Adn-bp-X - n\v kan-Xv]mWn
AXm-bXv sXmgpssI-tmsS AcnlkvX-
\mbn 218 thZ--\pw, {_-\n-jvT\pw, ]c-
am-flm-hns\ Adn-bp Bfpamb Kpcp-hns
ASpv sN-Ww. Cu A-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS
he- b n hog- c p- X v . 2 As\ Pnmkp
hnZzms ]-se-n-bm B imNn-\mb
PntX-{nb, kao-]\mb Pnm-kp-hn\v
bYmY {-- _hnZy AYhm Cuiz-cs KpW-
Ia kz`m- h - D]- t Z- i n- - W w. GtX-
sXmw km[- \ - I - f m B t{imXm- h n\v
[am Ima-tam--, ]c-am-flmhv Fn-
hsb Adn-bm Ign-bp-tam, Ah-sb-sv
t_m[n-np sImSp--Ww.
C{]-Im-c-ap Bfns ASp-sn ]d-
palcmPv! Cu k{-Zm-b--fpsS _l-f-
n s]v Fs a\v {`m-am-bn-cn-p-p.
Fs- m Rm Ch- b n GsX- nepw
injyXzw kzoI-cn-m 999 -t]-cpsS hntcm[w
km-Zn--Ww. 999 i{Xp-fpw Hcp an{Xhpw
D-bm-fn\v Hcn-epw kuJyw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
AXn-\m Rms\p sN-W-sav Av D]-
tZ-in--Ww.
B]vXhnZzm Cu aX--sfmw Ahn-Zym-
P-\yhpw hnZym-hn-tcm-[n-I-fp-amWv. aqVcpw ]ma-
ccpw ImS-m-cp-amb a\p-jysc I_-fn-np hio-
I-cnv Ahsc he-bn IpSpn Ch kzw
{]tbm-P\ knnp]tbm-Kn-p-p. B ]mh-
- m-Wv.
Ah-cpsS a\pjy P-ns ^ew e`n-
297
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
msX Pw ]mgm-p-p. GXn Fm-h-cp-
tSbpw A`n-{]mbw HmtWm AXt{X thZ-a-
Xw. AXt{X ssIsm-t-Xv. ]c-kv]-c-hn-
tcm[w DXv sa\-s-Sp Ak-Xyhpw
Xn-anw XymPy-hp-am-Wv.
Pnmkp : CsX-s\ ]co-n--dnbpw?
B]vX-hn-Zzm: \o t]mbn C\n ]d-bpw-
hw- F-m-htcmSpw tNmZn-p-I. Ah-cp-sS-
sbmw adp-]Sn Hm-bn-cnpw.
Abm B Bbncw t]cpsS Iqn
sNv ]dp: ""Fm-hcpw tI-Ww. kXy-
`m--j-W-n-emtWm [aw. anYym-`m-j-W-n-
emtWm?'' Fm-hcpw H-kz-c-n ]dp:-
""kXy-`m-j-W-n-emWv [aw. anYym-`m-j-W-
n A[a-amWv'' AXp-t]mse hnZym-`ym-k-
n, {_-Ncy ]me-\-n, ]qWbphm-h-
- b n hnhmln- X - c m- I p- Xn, kw- K -
n, ]pcp- j m- n, kXyhy- h - l m- c -
n FmamtWm [aw, AtXm Ahn-Zym-{K-
lWw, {_- N cyanmbva, hy`n- N mcw,
IpkwKw, aSn, Ak-Xy-hy-hl - mcw, NXnhpw Im]-
Syhpw, lnwk, ]c-lm\n apX-em-b-h-bntem?
Fm-hcpw Hnp tNv ]d-p. ""hnZym-
`ym-km-Zn-I [-ahpw AhnZym {Kl-Wm-Zn-I
A[a-hp-am-Wv.'' Atm PnPvRmkp Fm-h-
tcm-Sp-ambn ]dp: "" \n C{]-Imcw H-
s-mbn kXy-[-ns D-Xnbvpw anYy-
amK-ns Ah-\-Xn-bvp-ambn Fp-sImv
{]hn-p-n? Fm-h-cpw-IqSn ]dp:
R- f - s\ sNbv X m Rsf Bcp
Ku\npw? R-fpsS injy-m ]dm
tIn-. hb-p-n-gv appw. A\p-`-hn-p
B\---sfmw ssIhn-p-t]mIpw. AXp-sIm-
mWv Adn-bm-am-bnpw kzaX--fpsS {]Nm-
cWw sNp-Xv. ""Imnse XSn, tXh-cpsS
B\, hen-t XSn'' F-XmWv Imcyw.
t\mq temI-n t\cpw sNmp-ap a\p-
jys\ Bcpw hI-sh-bvn-. NXnhpw h-\-
bp-ambn \S-p ht\hne-bp-q.
Pn-mkp: Ccw I--c--fn-eqsS
ap-h - sc sIm-bS- n-p-X - n\v cmPmhv in-
\-evIm--sX-mWv?
219. a\p-kvarXn 2.53
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
aX-m: R cmPm-hn-t\bpw injy-\m-
n--gn-n-cn-p-p. th-sXmw sNbvXn-p-
v. hnp-t]m-hn-.
Pn: \n Im]Syw sImv ap--hsc
hn-p-p. Cuiz-c\p apn Fp kam-
[m\w ]dbpw? tLmc-\c - I
-
- n hogpw sNdnb
Pohn-X-n\v C{X henb A]-cm[w sNp-Xv
FpsImv XyPn-p-n?
a: hcp- n- S p hp ImWmw. \c- I w,
Cuizc, in Fn- h - s bms hcp- t m-
gmIs. Ctm B\-n--Xs! Bfp-I
Rm-h-iy-amb [\m-Zn-I-sfmw Xcp-p.
]nSnp ]dn-p-n-. ]ns cmPm-sh-n\p
inn-Ww?
Pn: GsX-nepw sNdnb Ipn-Isf hnv
[\w A]-l-cn-m Ahp in e`n-p-
p. AXp-t]mse \ns-mWv Inm-Xv?
Fs-m ""Atm `hXn ssh _mex
]nXm-`-hXn a{Zx'' (a\p) 219 m\-an-m--
bm _me\pw, m\w \ev I p- - b m
]nXmhpw (hr--\pw) Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p.
_pn-am-m-cmb hnZzm-m \n-fpsS he-
bn s]Sp-I-bn-. _mekZr-i-cmb Am-
\n-Isf sIm-b-Sn-p \nv cmPyw
in \evtI-Xp Xs-bm-Wv.
a: cmPmhpw {]P-Ifpw Fmw R-fpsS
aX- n- e m- s W- n Bcv Rv in
\evIm-\mWv? As\ h hyh-bpw hcs,
Atm CsXmwhnv thsd ]cn-]m-Sn-t\m-n-
sm-mw.
Pn: \n shdp- t X- b n- c pv ]c- [ \w
[q-Sn-p-p-h-tm. hnZym-`ymkw sNbvXnv
Krl--cpsS Ipn-Isf ]Tn-n-n-cp-s-n
\npw Ahpw {]tbm-P-\-s-t-s\.
ax- _meyw apX acWw hsc-bp kIe
kpJ-fpw shSnv ]Tn-p-I, A\ysc ]Tn-
n, D]- t Z- i n, CXp- s Im- s mw
Rsp KpWw? CsXm-p-an-msX e-
-W - n\p cq] Rp Inp-p. kpJ-ambn
Ign-bp-p. CXp hnp-I-f-bp-Itbm?
Pn: CXns ^ew No- b m- b n- c n- pw.
220. {_nojv \mWb hyh-b - n cq]bvv 16 AWbpw
AWbvv 12 ss]kbpw BWv Dm-bn-cp--Xv. 16
Iebpw 12 Awi-I-e-bp-sa-Yw.
298
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
\nv alm-tcmKw hcpp. thKw acn-p-
p. _pn-am-m \nn-p-p. ]ns-bp-sa-p-
sImv a\-n-em-p-n?
a: Fs ktlm-Zcm!
1. SIm [cvaj - vSIm Icva SImln ]caw ]Zav
bky Krtl SIm \mkvXn lm! SIm SI-S-Im-
b-tX.
2. BWm Awi-Iemx t{]mm cqt]ymfku
`K-hm kzbav, AXkvXw kcvh Cn
cq]yw ln KpW-h--a-av.
1. (SIm (Xp-v) -[aw, SIm Iaw. SIm-bmWv
]c-a-]-Zw. BcpsS hon SIm-bn-. Abm
lm! SI-S-Im-sbv \w Xncnbpw) \o ]-.
temI-Im-cy--f-dn-hn-. Xpn-msX [a-an-.
Xpn-msX Ia-an-, Xpn-msX ]c-a]Z-{]m-
]vXn-bn-. hon ]W-an-s-n, \-h-kvXp-
Im l! Fs ssIbn Xpntm
Ftmv \w Xncn-bpw.
2. Fmhcpw ]Xn-\mdpIe-I-fp AZr-iy-
\mb `K-hmt\n ]d-bp-Ibpw tIp-Ibpw
sNp-p. Ahs\ ImWm-t\-bn-. Fm
]Xn- \ mdv AW- I fpw AXns Awi- I - e -
Ifpw 220 D cq]bmWv kmm- `K-hm.
A-Xn-\m Ghcpw cq]sb At\z-jn-p-p.
Fm Imcy-fpw knn-p-Xv cq]-sIm-m-
W-tm.
Pn: icn-Xs, \n-fpsS Dp-In shfn-
hm-bn. Cu Im]Syw Imp--Xp-ap-gp-h kpJ-
n- \ p- t h- n- b m- W v . Fm CXp- s Imv
temI-n\p \mita Dmhq. ktXym-]-tZ-i-
m temI-n\p \-bp-m-Ip-tm Ak-
tXym- ] - t Ziw sImv \mita Dmhq.
\nv [\w aXn-sb-n ]Wn-sNbvtXm
hym]mcw sNbvtXm [\w km-Zn-p-IqtS?
a: AXn\p ]cn-{i-an-W - w. \jvSw hcnIbpw
-sN-pw. CXn Rv \jvSw hcp-Itb
C. kZm- em`w Xs em`w. Xpf-kn-bn-e-bnv
Xow \evIpw. ame sIn-sm-Sp-pw. injy-
\m- b n- - g n- m Pw apgp- h arK- t -
tmse ]Wn-sb-Sppw. \S-m-\m-{K-ln-pw-]Sn
\S-mw.
Pn: Ch \nn-{Xbpw [\w Xcp--
sX-n-\m-Wv?
kXym-{]-Im-iw
a: [aw, kzKw, apn Fn-h-bvv.
Pn: \ntfm ap-c-. apn-sb-s--dn-
hn. apn km[-\--sf-spw Adn-hn-.
]ns \n- f psS injy- msp Inm-
\mWv?
a: Cu temI-n Inptam Ftm? C.
-]-ctemI-n Inpw. Rp Xcp--Xn-\-
\p-k-cnpw kev-cn-p--Xn-\-\p-k-cnpw ]c-
tem-Iv Inpw.
Pn: -X-cp--hspw e`n-s. hmp
\nv \c-I-at Inq?
a:- R \nXyhpw `Pn-p-p. `Pn-n-p-
p. CXns kpJw Rp Inpw.
Pn:- \n-fpsS `P\w Xpn-\p-th-n-bmWv.
CsXmw Chn-S-s InSpw. Cu Xon-tm-
p ico-chpw `kv-a-ambn ChnsS InS-pw.
Cuizc `P\w sNbvXm Bfl-ip-n-sb-
nepw Inpw.
a: R Aip--cmtWm?
Pn: AIw apgp-h aen-\-am-Wv.
a:- \n-sf-s\ Adnp?
Pn: \n-fpsS \Spw {]hr-n-bpw-sIm-v.
a:- alm-flm--fpsS {]hrn B\--p-t]m-
se-bmWv. B\bvv Xnm\pw. shfn-bn
ImWn-m\pw shtsd Z--fp--Xp-t]mse,
B-cn-I-ambn R ]hn-{X-cm-Wv. ]pd-ta-bp-
Xv eoeam-{Xw.
Pn: A-Ita ip-cm-sW-n ]pd-tabpw
ip-cm-bn-cn-pw. AXn-\m \n AI-tabpw
aen-\-cm-Wv.
a:- R-sf--t\-bp-am-Is, R-fpsS
injy-m \-h-cm-Wv.
Pn: \n Kpcp--mp tN-h--am-
hpw, injy-m-cpw.
221. kXy-bp-K-n [a-n\p {][m-\-Xbpw Ien-bp-K-
n A[a-n\v {]m[m-\yhpw ]ucm-Wn-I
AwKo-Ic - n-p-p. sFX-tcb {_m-W- n ""Ienx-
i- b mt\m `hXn kwPn- l m- \ kvXp Zzm]cx
DnjvT t{XXm `hXn IrXw kw]-ZytX Nc''
Dd--Imc Ien DWp InS-p-Xv Zzm]-c.
DWp \nevp-Xv t{XXm. KXn-io-e IrX-bpKw
Fp-]-d-bp-p. a\p-jy-cpsS Ah--bm-Wn-Xv. Ia-
io-e-\m-bn-cn-p-Xv IrX-bpKw Ae-kX Ien-bpw.
299
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
a: Hcp aXw am{Xw Hcn- epw Dm-
hpIbn. Fs-m a\p-jy-cpsS a\p-jy-cpsS
KpW-Ia kz`m-h- `n-am-Wv.
Pn: _meym-h--bn Htc-Xcw inWw
\evIp-Ibpw kXy-`m-j-WmZn [- {Kln-
bpw anYym `mj-WmZn A[a- XyPn-
bpw sNbvXm GI-a-X-am-Ip-sap \n-bw.
cp- a X- AXm- b Xv [- amXvam
A[am-flm- Fn-h Fp apm-bn-cp-
p. Fpw - D - m- b n- c n- p- I bpw sNpw.
Fm [am-flm- A[n-Ihpw A[an-I
Ipdhpw BsW-n temI-n kuJyw
hn- pw. A[an- I IqSp- X - e m- b m
ZpxJhpw. Fm hnZzm-mcpw Htc coXn-bn-ep-]-
tZ- i n- m GI- a - X - s a- Xp k^- e - a m- I m
henb hnfw-_w hcn-I-bn-.
Ien-bpKw
aX-m:- Cmew Ien-bp-K-am-Wv. kXy-
bp-K-ne Imcyw Fn\p ]d-bpp?
Pnmkp: Ien-bpKw Ime-hm-Nn-bmWv.
Imew \njv{In-b-am-b-Xp-sImv [am-[a--
fm-N-cn-p--Xn km[-Itam _m[-Itam A.
]t \n Ien-bp-K-aqn-I-fpsS 221 cq]w
[cn-n-cn-b - t? a\p-jy kzbw kXy-bp-Khpw
Ien-bp-Khpw BIm-Xn-cp-s-n temI-n
[am-flm-tfm A[an-Itfm -Dmhp-I-bn-m-
bn- c p- p. CsX- mw kwkK KpWtam
tZmjtam BWv. kz`m-hn-I-a-.
C{Xbpw ]d-nv Pnmkp B]vXs
ASp-p-t]mbn. Xm Fs D-cn-p. Am-
bn-cp-s-n Rm\pw GsX-nepw he-bn
s]v XIp t]mtbs\. taem Rm Cu
I]- S - a qn- I tf JWv U n- p- I bpw thtZm-
amb kXy-aX -
- ns aWvU\w sNp-Ibpw
sNmw.
B]vX:- kXy-ns a-U-\hpw Ak-
Xy-ns JWvU-\hpw sNbvXv, ]Tn-npw
tInpw ktXym- ] - t Z- i - m D]- I mcw
222. [cvamcvYI
- m-at- am-mWmw bsskytImf]n \ hnZytX,
AP-Kf kvX\-tkyh Xky-P \nccvY-Iav (Nm-W-
Iy-\oXn 13.10)
223. ]p-Xcw k\ym-kn-I XoY, B{i-an, kc-kz-Xo,
]pco, `mc-Xo-h-\w, Ac-Wyw, Kncn, ]h-Xw, kmKcw
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
sNt-Xv Fm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw hnti-jnv
hnZzm-m-cp-sSbpw kw\ym-kn-am-cp-sS-bpw I-
hy-am-Wv.
{_-Nm-cn-Ifpw kw\ym-kn-amcpw
tNmZyw: {_-Nm-cn-Ifpw, kw\ym-kn-amcpw
F{]-Im-c-apv?
Dcw: Cu B{i- b - icn- b m- W v .
Fm Cm-ev Ch-bnepw henb Ipg--
fp-v. F{Xtbm t] {_-Nm-cn-sbv t]cnv
PSbpw apSn-bpw hfn kn-cmbn P]hpw
]pc--c-W-hpambn Ign-bp-p. hnZym-`ymkw
sNp-Itbbn.hnZym-`ymkw sNp--Xp-sIm-
mWv {_-Nm-cnXzw e`n-p-X - v. {_-n-
-th-Z-nN-cn-p--Xn]-Tn-p--Xn Hcp
]cn-{i-ahpw sNp-n-. Acw {_-Nm-cn-
I AP-K-f-kvX-\w-t]mse 222 {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-
X-cmWv. AXp-t]m-se-X-s-bmWv hnZym-lo-\-
cmb kw\ym-kn-I. ZWvUpw Ia-WvU-ephpw
FSpv `nmw-tZ-ln-I-fmbn Npp-I-b-msX
thZ-amK-ns D-Xn-p-thn Hpw sNp-I-
bn-. sNdp--nXs kw\ym-k-sa-Spv
\mSp- N p- pw. hnZym- ` ymkw \nn- f bpw.
Ccw {_- N m- c n- I fpw kw\ym- k n- a mcpw
Ap-anpw \Sv e-Xo-in-em-hn-{K-lm-
Zn-I ]qPn-bpw, Adn-hp-m-bmepw au\n-I-
fmbn \S-p-Ibpw, GIm--hm-kw sNbvXv
CjvSwt]mse Xnpw IpSnpw Cujym-tZz-
j--fn apgpIn Dd-nbpw, IptN-jvS-I
Imnbpw \m \o-p-p. Imjm-bhpw ZWvUpw-
[cnXpsImv kzbw IrX- I r- X y- c mbn,
kthm- X v I r- j v S - s cp \Snv bmsXmcp
kXvIahpw sNmsX \S-p {_-Nm-cn-
Ifpw kw\ym-kn-Ifpw `qanbvp `mcwXs-bm-
Wv. PK-ns \-bvmbn {]hn-p
kw\ym-kn-am D-a-m Xs.
tNmZyw: Kncn, ]pcn, `mcXn apX- e mb
tKmkm-bn-I \-h-ct? Ah Iqw-tNv
\S-p-Ibpw, \qp-I-W-n\p kw\ym-kn-Isf
B\-n-n-p-Ibpw AssZz-X-{]-Nmcw \S-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. Hsms ]Tn-p-Ibpw ]Tn-
n-p-Ibpw sNppapv. AXn-\m Ah
\-h-ct?
Dcw:- Cu ]p-t]-cp-Ifpw 223 ]noSv
`mh-\-bn \np-m-n-b-Xm-Wv. k\m-X-\-a
300
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
Ah-cpsS aWvU-e- (Iq-w) shdpw `-
Wn\p-th-n-bp--Xm-Wv. hf-sc-tcpw `-
W-n-\p-th-n-bmWv aWvUe -
- n-eps-Sp--
Xv. Uw`p--h-cm-b-Xn-\m Hcm-fns\ al-m-
p-p. kyv {][m-\n-bmb alv knwlm-
k-\-n-en-cn-p-p. ap {_m-W-mcpw
kw\ym-kn-Ifpw ssII-fn ]pjv]h - p-ambn \nv
""\mcm-bWw ]Zva-`hw hknjvTw inwN
XXv]p-{X-]c - m-ic
- wN hymkw ipIw - KuU-]Zw
alm'' sapw apw sNmn ""lclc'' hnfnv
]pjv ] - a nv kmjv S mwKw \akv I - c n- p- p.
As\ sNm--hv AhnsS m\-an-.
Cu Uw`p Imp--Xv {]Zi-\-n-\m-Wv. CXp-
sImv Bfp-I- _lpam\n-p-Ibpw [\w In-
p-Ibpw thWw.
F{Xtbm aTm-[n-]-m Krl--n-en-cpv
kw\ym-kn-I-fm-sWp \Sn-p-p. Hcp {]hr-
nbpw sNp-I-bn-. kw\ym-kn-bpsS I--
sf-n Amw kap-m-k-n hnh-cnnp-v.
Ah sNmsX shdptX kabw ]mgm-p-p.
kZp-]-tZiw sNp--h-tcmSpw hntcm[w {]I-
Sn-n-p-p. Ch an-hcpw `kva-cp{Zm-
[cn-p-Ibpw Nn-e ssih-cm-sWv A`n-am-
\n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.
imkv { Xmw (im- k v { Xo- b - h m- Z - { ]- X n- h m-
Zw)\S-p-tm im-c-a-Xs A\p-Iq-en-p-
Ibpw N{Im-n-XmZn aX-sf JWvUn-p-Ibpw
sNp-p. thZ-amK-ns -D--Xnp bXv\n-
p-Itbm A\m-Nm-c-sf FXnp--Xn\p
{ian-p-Itbm sNp-n-. Cu kw\ym-kn-am,
JWvU\-a-WvU-\- {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-a-sp
Icp-Xp-p. R alm-flm--fm-Wv FmWv
`mhw. C-c-mcpw `qanp `mc-am-Wv. Cu
nXn h-Xp-sIm-m-Wv thZ-am-hn-tcm-[n-
I- f mb hma- a mKmZn k{- Z m- b - fpw
{InkvXy, apow, ssP\m-Zn-Ifpw hnXpw
hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xpw, thZ-amKw \in-
p--Xpw. Fnpw Ch-cpsS Ip Xpd-p-n-
224. thZm-Zn-I-f-`y-kn-p-Xp \n-tm knm--
m\w Cm-Xm-bn. knm--m\w Cm-Xm-b-
tm kXym-k-Xy- \nW-bn-m Ign-hn-
msX GX-kw-_-hpw icn-h-bvm \n_-n-
X-cm-bn. Iui-e-mv Iim-em-bn. Cu Zpc-h
amp-hm bXv \ n-t - -h Xs A- ] - c- - c-
Iv A-X-bn-tev hgn Impp Fp Xmev]-
cyw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
. ]tcm-]I - mc _pnbpw, Ihy I-
sNp--Xn\v Dm-l-hp-an-m-sX-s\ Xpd-p-
hm-\m-Wv? Bm-cqsS _lp-am\w, `-W-
{]nbw Fn-h-bmWv Chp-h-ep-Xv. temI-\n-
sb Ch hfsc `b-s-Sp-p. temssI-jW=
P\--fpsS BZ-chv B{K-ln-p-I, hnss-
jW = [\-n-\m-{K-ln-p-I. ]pss{X-jW =
]p{X-m-cn-se--hw injy-m-cn taml-ap-
m-Ip-I. Fo aqp GjW (B-{K-lw)bpw
XyPn- msX F- s \- b mWv kw\ymkw
km-I-am-Ip-Xv? ]-]m-X-an-msX thtZm-
]-tZiw sNbvXv temtIm-]-Im-c-n-\p-thn
cm]- I Z- { i- - c m- b n- c n- p- - h - c t{X
bYm kw\ym-kn-I. Ah-\-hs IS-a-I
\nd-th-msX kw\ym-kn-sbp apw t]cv [cn-
p-Xv hy-am-Wv. AYhm Krl--m
kzm-kn-n-p-thn ]cn-{i-an-p--Xnepw
A[nIw Xmev]c - y-tmsS kw\ym-kn-am ]tcm-
]-Imc \nc-X-cm-bn-cp-mepw Fm B{i-a-fpw
A`n-hr-nsb {]m]n-p--Xm-Wv.
kw\ym-kn-am-tcmSv
t\mq! \n-fpsS Iap-n-et A\m-
NmcPSn-ea - mb aX- s]cp-Ip-Xv? At\-I
{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apk-am-m-cp-am-Ip-p-v.
\nv kzbw cn-p-X - nt\m, ap-h - sc
Iq-n tNp--Xnt\m Ign-hn-. B{K-ln-
snet Ign- h p- mhq? Cpw `mhn- I m-
epw D-Xnsb emm-n {]hn-m-Xn-
cp- m Bcym- h - n\pw CX- c - t Z- i -
pw A`n-hr-n-bp-m-Ib - n-. A`n-hr-np
\nZm-\-amb thZ-im-kv{Xm-Zn-I-fpsS ]T-\hpw
]mT-\hpw, {_-N-cymZn B{i-a--fpsS A\p-
jvTm-\hpw ktXym-]-tZ-ihpw sNmsX tZi-
n\v Db Dm-hp-I-bn-. 224 Pm{K-X-bm-
bn-cn-p-I. At\Iw k\ym-kn-am I---h-
S-m-sctmse ]p{XZm\w sNm knn-bp-
spw apw ]dv Bfp-Isf hniz-kn-n-
p-p. Ah-cpsS ASpv At\Iw kv{XoI
Hp- I qSn sXmgp- X v ]p{X- e m- ` - a p- m- I m
{]mn-p-p. kw\ymkn ]p{X-em-`-ap-m-
Is Fv Binh- Z n- p- p. Ah- c n-
emm\pw ]p{X-\p-m-bm Biohm-Z-
ns in-\n-an--am-WsXv hniz-kn-p-
p. ]n-pw, ]npw Igp-Xbvpw ]nS-tm-
gnpw apw Ipp-Ip-n-I-fp-m-Ip-Xv GXp
301
 kXym-{]-Im-iw
kw\ymkn Binh-Zn-n-m-sWv tNmZn-m
Dcw appw. Poh \evIm Ign-hp--h
kzbw acn-p--sX-s\?
ambm-Pmew cNnv _pn-am-m-sc-tmepw
shn hogvp t]mn-cn-I-fp-v. [\-km-cn-
bnse Ih-m DZm-l-c-Ww. Ah Atm
Gtgm t]tNv kwL-ambn Zqc--e--fn-
se-p-p. Ah-cn BIj-Wo-b-X-bp
Bfns\ kn-\m-p-p. [\m-Vy-cp GsX-
nepw {Kma-n-stbm ]-W-n-stbm kao-
]-ap hnP-\--ev Xmh-f-a-Sn-p-p. Ch-
cpsS Zm-f-m Bfp-Isf kao-]nv ""C
kns\ Chn-sS-m\pw Itm?'' Fp tNmZn-
pw. GXp kn? Fs\bp kn?
Fpw apw Bfp-I tNmZn-p-tm Zm
]dbpw: ""alm-kn--]p-cpj-\mWv. a\-kn
ImWp-Xp Ctmp tNmZn-pw. hmsImp
]d-m Imcyw \S--Xp-Xs''. ""alm-tbm-
Kn-bmWv Hp Is-m \mSpw hoSpw hnv
Cd- n- n- c n- - X mWv R. Ctmp
t]mn-p-sp tIp.'' Bfp-I ]dbpw:-
""kns\ Is-nbm R-sfbpw Adn-
bn--Ww. Zi\w Ign-mw. ]eXpw tNmZndnbm-
atm''? Cs\ Ahn-sSmw \Sv {]N-cWw
\S-pw. Hmtcm-cp--tcm-Spw kns Imcyw
]d-bpw.- kybvv kn\pw Zm-f - mcpw Hp-
IqSpw. Xnp IpSnv Dd-pw. aqp \mep
Znhkw Cu ]cn-]mSn XpScpw. ]no-Sv GsX-
nepw [\mVys\ kao-]nv ""kns\ Ip.
\nv ImW-sa-n hcq.'' Fp Wn-
pw. ]pd-s-Spp Fp Im X{-]qw X-s.'' Ccw kvXpXn-h-N-\- tIp-
Fm-W-`n-em-j-sap tNmZn-pw. ]p{X-em-`w,
[\-em-`w, tcmK-\n-hm-c-Ww, i{Xp-\miw Fn-
s\ GsX-nepw Hm-bn-cn-pw. AX-dn-p-
sh-bvpw. CXv kns\ Adn-bn-p-Xv Nne
\nnX AS-bm-f- sImm-Wv. [t\-bp-
-hsc CS-Xp-h-ipw, ]p{X-em`w Cn-p--
hsc aph-i-pw, tcmK-imn th-hsc he-
Xp-h-i-pw, i{Xp-\miw B{K-ln-p--hsc
]n`m-Kpw sImp-sN-n-cp-pw. kns\
\a-kvI-cn-p-tm Xs Xs knXzw
shfn- h m- n- s mv D- n ]d- b pw:-
""Fm? \mw ChnsS ]p{Xs\ hn-cn-ptm?
\o ]p{X-\p-thn hn-cn-p-X - psImv tNmZn-
-XmWv.'' CXp-t]mse [t\--bp--h-t\mSv
""Fm \mw aSn-oe \ndv hn-cn-ptm?
Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
]W-n\p hn-cn-pp! kw\ym-kn-bpsS
] [\w Fhn-sS-\np hcpw''. tcmKn-tbmSp
tNmZnpw ""\mw sshZyt\m tl! \o Zo\w
amm Ctmtm? GsX-nepw sshZy-cpsS
ASp-p-sNv?'' Abm-fpsS _p-fn s]-
h- c m- s c- n- e p- a mWv tcmKn- s b- n AXn\v
{]tXy-Iw AS-bmfw DmIpw. A-\mWv tcmK-
sa- n s]cp- h n- c epw, A- b v m- s W- n
Nqp-hn-cepw, ktlm-Z-c-\m-sW-n- \Sp-hn-c-
epw, `mcy-m-sW-n tamXn-c-hn-c-epw, Ipp-
m-sW-n sNdp-hn-ce - pw. A\-n-m-pw.
AXp- I v kn, At\m Abv t m
ktlm-Z-ct\m `mcy-bvtm, ]p{Xnbvtm tcmK-
amWv At? Fp tNmZn-pw. Atm Ah-
scmw kn-\n AXn-bmbn hniz-kn-pw. Zm-
f-m ]dbpw ""F-s\-bn-cn-pp? \mw ]d-
-Xp-t]mse Xs-bt?''
Krl-: AtX-btX, \n ]d--Xp-
t]mse Xs. henb D]-Im-cw. \psS `mKy-
n-\mWv Cu alm-flm-hns\ I-Xv. R
Zi\w Ignv IrXm-cm-bn.
Zm: tIq ktlm-Zcm! Cu alm-flmhv
a\-n\\p-k-cnv {]hn-pw. ChnsS A[n-
I-\m Xp-sap tXmp-n--. Biohm-
Ztam atm hm-W-sa-n Ct-ls a\-
p-sImpw ico-cw-sImpw [\w-sImpw
th-hw tkhn-p-I. tkh-\w-sIm-t
tkh\w e`nq? Btcm-SmWv {]km-Zn-p-I-
sbv B-dn-bmw. Fp hchpw \evIn--f-
bpw {]km-Zn-m. kn-m-cpsS a\--]m-cw-
tm kns\ kvXpXn-p-sImv Krl--
m hon-tev t]mIpw Zm-f-mcpw IqsS-s-
pw. Bcpw ]qp ]pd-m-m-Xn-cn-m-\mWv
CXv . Ah- c psS an{X- - s f- b m- s c- s b- nepw
Im Ah-tcmSpw kn-s\-n {]iw-kn-
pw. Cs\ Zm--f-m-cpsS IqsS-tm-Ip--
hcpw Ah-cpsS A\p-`-h- ap--h-tcmSp
]dbpw C-bn-Sv Hcp h-enb kn hn-
p-sv \K-c-n ]mm-Ip-tm Htsdbm-
fp- I D- h - - e - s - p- - X p- t ]mse
AhnsS ]ms-p-I-bm-bn. Xncp hnv
225. hr-Nm-W-Iy 11,12.
302
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw
]ecpw Htc kabw kns ASp-- p-
sNptm ]g-b-]Sn Dcw \evIm hnj-
an- pw. Atm kn ""Fm- h - c pw- I qSn
Fs D]-{Z-hn--cpXv'' Fp ]dv au\w
`Pn-pw. DSs\ Z-mfm ""Fm-h-cpw-IqSn D]-
{Z-hn-m Atlw ew hnp-t]m-Ipw.'' Fpw
apw ]d-bp-hm XpS-p-p. Ah-cns
henb [\-hmm Zm-f-msc hnfnv, R-
fpsS a\-n-ep Imcyw ]d-bp-sa-n hniz-
kn-m-sap ]d-bpw. Atm Zm-f-m - tNm-
Zn-d- nv Ahsc sImp-t]mbn app ]d
\nnjvS m\--fn Ccp-pw. kn
Imcyw a\-n-emn {]h-N\w \S-pw. AXp-
tIv AhnsS IqSn-bn-cn-p--hcpw kns\
{]Ion-p-I-bm-bn. ]gw, a[p-c-]-e-lmcw,
hkv{Xw, ]Ww Fn-s\ hnhn[ km[-\-
Bfp-I-fn\np ssI-em-p-p. Bfp-
I-fpsS hnizmkw \ne-\n-evp-thmfw CXp XpS-
cp-p. Ip-]q-n hniz-kn-p--hv ]p{X-Zm-
\hpw `kvaw \evIepw apw XpS-cpw. Bbn-c--
W-n\v cq] hmn-bnv ]dbpw ""kXy-amb
`nbptm, -]p-{X P\n-pw.'"
cm-amKw
Cs\ sIm-m \nc-h[n Xc-n-ep-
v. hnZzmam-msX ampw Chsc ]co-
n--dn-bm Bhp-I-bn. thZm-Zn-hn-Zy-I ]Tn-
p-Ibpw kwKw sNp-Ibpw -sN-bvXm
am{Xta kzbw h-e-bn hogm-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pw
A\ysc cn-p--Xn\pw Ign-bp-I-bp-q.
Fs-m Adn-hmWv a\p-jys Iv. hnZy-
bn-msX Adn-hp-m-Ib - n-. _meym-h - a - p-X
D-a-amb inWw e`n-p--bm am{Xta
hnZzm- \ m- h q. No- I q- p- s I- n s]Sp- - h
ZpjvS\pw , ]m]n-bpw, alm-aq-V\p-ambn henb
226. kzmbw-`q-h-a-\p-hns ]p{X CzmI apX `mc-X-
bp-I- mew hsc GI-tZiw 100 Xe-ap-db - p-.v kwkvIr-
X-hym-Ic- W \nb-a{- ]-Imcw ]nXr-\m-a- n\nv ]p{X-
]u-{X-m-cpsS t]cv ]d-bp {]Xy-b - \nanw
Cu ]c-c - b
- psS {Iaw aqp-\mep e-f - n-sem-
gnsI Fpw sXn-sbp ]d-bpI Akm-[y-am-Wv.
AXn-\m `mc-Xob Ncn-{X-ns Ime-KW - \
- b- n
hnti-jm Kth,Ww \S-t-X - m-W.v
227. G.-Un. 1724-25, 1881-82 Fn-hb
- mWv ]cm-ain-Xa - mb
hn{I-am-_Zv - . amK-iojw P\p-hcn s^{_p-hc - n.
228. CXv ]co-n-ns Bbp-jvIm-e-amWv `cn-Xv 24
hj-am-sWv ]WvUnv `K-h--v.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
- Z pxJ- f p- ` - h n- p- p. AXp- s Im- mWv ""-
m\nbt{X _lp-am-\y'' Fv ]d-bp--
Xpw.
\thn tbm bky KpW-{]-Icvjw, kX-
ky-\nmw kXXw ItcmXn bYm IncmXo Icn-
Ipw-`-PmXm apmx ]cn- X yPy _n`cv X n
KpRvPmx 225
Fsmcp Ihn ]mSn-bn-p-v. Hcp-hs KpW-
Adn-bm--h, Ahs\ \nc-cw \nn-
p-p. Imm-f-n, B\-bpsS akvX-I-nse
app-I-fp-t]-nv Ipn-p-cp-ame [cn-p--
Xp-t]mse, hnZzm\pw m\nbpw [an-jvT\pw
kXv]p-cpj kwK-ap--h\pw, tbmKnbpw ]pcp-
jmnbpw, PntX-{nb\pw, kpio-e-\p-amb
B am{Xta [amY Ima-tam-- {]m-
]nv Cu P-nepw ]c-P--nepw B\-n-
pI-bp-q.
D]kwlmcw
Bcym-h-nse aX-aXm-c--sf-n
Npcpn ]dp Ign-p. C\n-sb-gp-Xp
Acym-hob cmPm--m-cpsS Ncn{Xw Fm
k-\--fp-sSbpw Adn-hn-\mbn {]Im-in-n-p-
I-bm-Wv. bp[n-jvTnc alm-cm-PmhpapX bi-
]m-e-a-lm-cm-Pm-hp-h-sc-bp Acym-hob
cmPm--m-cpsS Ncn-{X-am-Wn-Xn-ep-Xv. kzmbw
`ph a\p 226 apX bp[n-jvTnc alm-cm-Pmhp
hc-bphcpsS Ncn{Xw alm-`m-c-Xm-Zn-I-fn
Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. IqSmsX C\n ]d-bp--Xn
\nv k-\-v Chn-Ss Ncn-{X--sf-
n Hv Adn-bm Ign-bp--Xm-Wv.
Cu hnjbw cmP-]p-m-W-bn tahm cmPy-
nse DZ-b-q-cn-ep NntmK-Vn\np
]pd-s-n-cp--sXv Fm-hp adn-bm-hp
"hnZymn' IqSn-t "lcn--{-N-{nI',
"taml\N{nI' Fo ]mnI ]{Xn-I-I-fn
{]kn--s-Sp-n-bn-cp--Xn \nv D-cn-p-
-Xm-Wv. CXp-t]mse \psS Bcy-k--\-
, Ncn-{Xhpw CXc hnZym-{K--fpw Kth-
jWw sNbvXp Isn {]Im-in-n-m tZi-
n\p henb {]tbm-P-\-ap-m-Ipw. B ]{Xn-
I-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-] Xs kvt\ln-X-\n\np
e`nXpw hn{I-am_vZw 1782 227 Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-
amb Hcp {K-n\np kam-l-cnv hn{I-
am_vZw 1939 amK-ioj-nse cp e-
303
 kXym-{]-Im-iw Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w

-fn-embn {]Im-in-n--Xp-amWv Cu ]nI. cmPmhv hjw amkw Znhkw

Bcym-h-nse cmP-hw-im-hen 1. bp[n-jvTn-c 36 8 25
C{-{]--n Bcy-hwiw bi]m-e-cm-Pm- 2. ]cn-nv 60 0 0 228
hns Imew-hsc cmPyw `cn-p. AXn {ioa 3. P\-ta-Pb - 84 7 23
bp[n-jvTnc alm-cm-Pmhp apX bi-]m-e-cm-Pm- 4. Aiz-ta-[ 82 8 22
hp- h sc Xe- a p- d - b mbn 124 cmPm- - m4157 5. ZznXo-b-cm-a 88 2 8
hjhpw 9 amkhpw 24 Znh-khpw hmsW- 6. O{X-ae - 81 11 27
\pam-\n-mw. AXns ]n-Ib - p-[n-jvTnc alm- 7. Nn{X-cY - 75 3 18
cm-Pm-hns hwiw 30 Xe-ap-d, 1770 hjw 11 8. ZpjvS-ssi-ey 75 10 24
amkw 10 Znhkw Fv A\p-am-\w. AXns 9. D{K-tk-\ 78 7 21
hni-Zmw-iwx 10. iqc-tk-\ 78 7 21
11. `ph-\-]Xn 69 5 5
12. cW-PnXv 65 10 4
13. Ej-I 64 7 4
14. kpJ-tZ-h 62 0 24
15. \c-lc - n-tZ-h 51 10 2
16. kqNn-c-Y 42 11 2
17. iqc-tk-\(2) 58 10 8
18. ]h-Xt- k-\ 55 8 10
19. ta[mho 52 10 10
20. tkm\-No-c 50 8 21
21. `oatZ-h 47 9 20
22. \rl-cn-tZ-h 45 11 23
23. ]qW-ae - 44 8 7
24. IZho 44 10 8
25. Aew-an-I 50 11 8
26. DZ-b-]m-e 38 9 0
27. `ph-\-a-e 40 10 26
28. Zam-X 32 0 0
29. `oa-]m-e 58 5 8
30. ta-I 48 11 21
ta-Is {][m-\-a-{n-bm-bn-cp hn{i-hkv
ta-Is\ sImv cmPm-hm-bn. hn{i-h-kns 14
Xe-apd 500 hjhpw 3 amkhpw 17 Znh-khpw `cn-
-Xns ]nI:
1 hn{i-hkv 17 3 29
2 ]pc-tk\n 42 8 21
3 hoc-tk\n 52 10 7
4 A\-MvK-imbn 47 8 23
5 lcn-PnXv 35 9 17
6 ]c-a-tk\n 44 2 23

304
 ]Xns\mmw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw
cmPmhv hjw amkw Znhkw amS-n-bmb ss]T-W-nse kap-{Z-]m-e-tbmKn
9 kpJ-]m-Xm-f 30 2 21 h[nv cmPyw ssIb-S-n. 16 Xe-ap-d-I-fn 372 hjw
4 amkw 27 Znhkw `cn-p. hnh-cWw:
8 I{Zp-X 42 9 24
9 k 32 2 14 cmPmhv hjw amkw Znhkw
1 kap-{Z-]m-e 54 2 20
10 Aa-c-Nq-U 27 3 16
2 N{-]m-e 36 5 4
11 Aao-]m-e 22 11 25
3 klm-b-]m-e 11 4 11
12 Zi-c-Y 25 4 12
4 tZh-]m-e 27 1 28
13 hoc-km-e 31 8 11
5 \c-knw-l-]m-e 18 0 20
14 hoc-km-e-tk-\ 40 0 14
6 kma-]m-e 27 1 17
hoc-km-e-tk-\s {][m-\-a{n hoc-a-lkv hoc-
km-e-tk\ cmPm-hns\ h[nv cmPyw ssI-em- 7 cLp-]m-e 22 3 25
n. 16 Xe-ap-dI
- f
- mbn 445 hjw 5 amkw 3 Znhkw 8 tKmhn-] - m-e 27 1 17
`cn-p. AXns ]nI: 9 Aar-X-]m-e 36 10 13
1 hoc-a-lkv 35 10 8 10 _eo-]m-e 12 5 27
2 APn-X-knw-l 27 7 19 11 alo-]m-e 13 8 4
3 kh-Z- 28 3 10 12 lco-]m-e 14 8 4
4 `ph-\-]Xn 15 4 10 13 kok-]m-e 11 10 13
5 hoc-tk-\ 21 2 13 14 aZ-\-]m-e 17 10 19
6 alo-]m-e 40 8 7 15 Ia-]m-e 16 2 2
7 i{Xp-im-e 26 4 3 16 hn{I-a-]m-e 24 11 13
8 kwL-cm-P 17 2 10 hn{I-a]
- m-ec- m-Pmhv ]n-at- Z-i - nse aep-JvNv
9 tXP-]m-e 28 11 10 t_m{lm F cmPm-hns\ B{I-anp bp-n
10 amWn-Iy-N-{ 37 7 21 aep-JvN-v, hn{I-a-]m-es\ h[nv C{-{]--
nse cmPm-hm-bn. 10 Xe-ap-d-I-fn 191 hjhpw
11 Ima-tk\n 42 5 10 1 amkhpw 16 Znh-khpw `cn-p. CXns hni-Zmw-
12 i{Xp-a-\ 8 11 13 i-:
13 Poh-\-tem-I 28 9 17 1 aep-JvNv 54 2 10
14 lcn-cm-h 26 10 29 2 hn{I-a-Nv 12 7 12
15 hoc-tk-\ (2) 35 2 20 3 AaoNv 10 0 5
16 BZn-Xy-tIXp 23 11 13 4 cma-Nv 13 11 8
aK-[-bnse BZn-Xy-tIXp cmPm-hns\ {]bm-K- 5 lco-Nv 14 9 24
bnse [-c F cmPmhv h[nv cmPy-`-cWw 6 Iym-W-Nv 10 5 4
XpS-n. 9 Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn 374 hjw 11 amkw 26
Znhkw `cn-p. AXns hnh-cWw: 7 `oa-Nv 16 2 9
1 [-c 42 7 24 8 temh-Nv 26 3 22
2 aljn 41 2 29 9 tKmhn--Nv 31 7 12
3 k\-co 50 10 19 10 dmWn ]flm-hXn 1 0 0
4 alm-bp- 30 3 8 dmWn ]flm-hX - nv km-\a - n-m-bn-cp-p. Ah
acn-p. Atm a{n-am-scmw IqSn-tv lcn-
5 Zpc-\m-Y 28 5 25 t{]-a-ssh-cm-Knsb knwlm-k-\m-cq-V-\m-n-hv
6 Poh-\-cm-P 45 2 5 a{n-am `c-W-am-cw-`n-p. 4 Xe-ap-d-I-fn-embn 50
7 cp{Z-tk-\ 47 4 28 hjhpw 21 Znh-khpw `cn-p. AXn--s\-bmWv:
8 Bco-e-I 52 10 8 1 lcn-t{]-a 7 5 16
9 cmP-]m-e 36 0 0 2 tKmhn--t{]-a 20 2 8
cmP-]m-es\ kma--\mb alm]m-e h[nv 3 tKm]m-e-t{]-a 15 7 28
Hcp Xe-ap-db
- n 14 hjw am{Xw `cn-p. alm]m- 4 alm-_mlp 6 8 29
es\ Ah-n-I-bnse (D-ss-\n) hn{I-am-Zn-Xy- alm-_mlp cmPyw XyPnv X]-p-sN-m h\-
cm-Pmhv A{I-anp h[nv 1 Xe-ap-d-bn 39 hjw n t]mbn. CXv _wKm-fnse cmPm-hmb B[o-
am{Xw `cn-p. hn{I-am-Zn-Xys\ imen-hm-l\
- s Hcp tk-\ Adnv C{-{]--n-sen cmPm-hm-

305
 kXym-{]-Im-iw Bcym-h-cvob aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
bn. CXn 12 Xe-apd 151 hjhpw 11 amkhpw 2 229. hn{I-a-]m-es ]qhn-I-\mb kap-{Z-]m-e, kap-{Z-
Znh-khpw cmPyw `cn-p. hnh-cWw: Kp-]vX-\m-bn-cp-sv ]WvUnXv `K-h-v kap-{Z-Kp-
cmPmhv hjw amkw Znhkw ]vX, N{-Kp-]vX, tZh-Kp-]vX (kvI--Kp-]vX)
Fn- s\ ]me Fn- S v "Kp]v X ' ]Zw
1 B[o-tk-\ 18 5 21 tNpp. Cuhw-im-hen A\p-k-cnv kap-{Z-]m-
2 hnem-he - t- k 12 4 2 e B{-bnse imenhm-l-\s kma--\m-bn-cp-
3 tIi-ht- k-\ 15 7 12 p. Kp]vX-mv "B{-`rXy' sc ]cym-b-\m-
4 amL-tk-\ 12 4 2 ahpw Dv.
230. tKmhn--N-ns `mcy
5 abq-ct- k-\ 20 11 27 231. Ncn-{X-]p-kvX-I--fn ]rYzn-cm-Pns\ ilm-_p-o
6 `oa-tk-\ 5 10 9 tKmdn ]e-X-hW B{I-anp ]cm-P-b-sv Xncnp
7 Iym-Wt- k-\ 4 8 21 t]msbpw 1249-mw hn{I-am-_vZ-n, Xn-
p-Im-cWw tXm]nv A-\mn sImp-t]m-
8 lcn-tk-\ 12 0 25 sbpw tKmdn Znn kpm\m-sbpw ImWmw.
9 ta-tk-\ 8 11 15 apK cmPyw 45 Xe-ap-d-bn 613 hjw \ne-\n-p.
10 \mcm-b-W-tk-\1 2 2 29 Cu ASn-p-dnv aqe-{K--n-en-m. 5mw ]Xn-n
11 evao-tk-\ 26 10 0 ]WvUnXv teJvdmw- FgpXn tN-Xm-Imw. Cu
]nI Xsbpw aljn-bp-sS-X Fv t\cs
12 Zmtam-Z-c-tk-\ 11 5 19 Atlw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
Zmtam-Zc - t- k-\ Xs amS-n-Isf hfsc Ivtfin- 232. ]rYzn-cm-Ps\ Kudn-bmWv tXmev]n--sXv Ncn-{Xw.
n- p. Ah- c n Hcm- f mb Zo]- k nw- l - a m- S n CXv hn{I-am_vZw 1249 (1172 G.-Un.) emWv.
ssk\ys Iqn bpw sNbvXv cmPm-hns\ 233. ChnsS asmcp sXp-IqSn {in-t-X - m-bp-v. Ien-
sImv knwlm-k\w ssIb-S-n. 6 Xe-ap-d-bn h-cw bp[n-jvTn-cs `c-Wm-y-n {ioIrjvW
107 hjw 6 amkw 22 Znhkw `cn-p. hnh-cWw: kzKm-tcm-lW tij-am-W-cw-`n-p--Xv. hn{I-
1 Zo]-knw-l 17 1 26 am_vZw Ien 3044 \p tij-am-W-cw-`n--Xv. CXv `mc-
Xob KWn-X-im-kv{-Xn kh-k--X-am-Wv. Ien
2 cmP-knw-l 14 5 0 3044 t\mSv hn{I-am_vZw 1249 tNm 4293 hj-
3 cW-knw-l 9 8 11 am-Ipw. ]n-Ib- psS Bcw-`- n 124 cmPm- - m-cpsS
4 \c-knw-l 45 0 15 Imew 4157 hjw 9 amkw 14 Znhkw Fp ]d-bp-
5 lcn-knw-l 13 2 29 p-v. Cu 4157 hjw 9 amkw 14 Znh-k - n\nv
bp[n-jvTn-cs `c-W-Im-e-amb 36 hjw 8 amkw 25
6 Poh-\-knw-l 8 0 1 Znhkw Ipd-m 4121 hjw 19 Znhkw _mn
Poh- \ - k nw- l Ftm Imcy- n\v Xs hcpw. hn{I-am_vZw 1249 hsc Ien 4293 hj-am-
ssk\ys apgp-h hS-tm--b-p. CX-dn Ipw. ]d hwim-hen {]Imcw amk-Zn-h-k-
sshcm-Sc - m-Pm-hmb ]rYzo-cmPv Nlzm Poh-\k - nw- hnm 172 hj-ns Acw hcpw. AXm-bXv
ls\ B{I-anp h[nv C{-{] cmPm-hmbn 5 Cu hwim-hen Xopw icn-b-. Xncp- thW-
Xe-ap-d-bn 86 hjw 20 Znhkw cmPyw `cn-p. sa-Yw. AXp ap hwim-henI e`n-m- am{Xw
hnh-cWw: km[n-p--Xp-am-Wv.
1 ]rYzo-cmPv 12 2 19 234. ChnsS \n-b-ambpw sXp-v. hn{I-am_vZw 1249
t\mSv 754 hjw Iqn-bm 2003 hn{I-am-_vZ-am-Ipw.
2 A`-b-]m-e 14 5 17 Cwo-jp-Im 1803 G.-Un.-bn (hn-{I-am_vZw 1860)
3 ZpP-\-]m-e 11 4 14 Znn-bn A[n-Im-c-ap-d-n-p. ]noSv apK `cWw
4 DZ-b-]m-e 11 7 3 \ma-am-{X-am-bn-cp-p. G.-Un. 1857 (hn-{I-am_vZw
5 bi-]m-e 36 4 27 1914) Cwo-jp-Im ]qW-amb A[n-Imcw m]n-
p. AXn-\m Chn-sSbpw Gsd-psd 100-125 hj-
bi-]m-e- cm-Pm-hns\ 232 ilm-_p-o Kudn ns hyXymkw hcp-p-v.
F Kkv\n kpm B{I-anp Iog-Sn
{]bm-K-bnse Hcp tIm-bn _-\--\m-n.
CXv hn{I-am_vZw 1249 embn-cp-p 228. ]noSv C\n _u--ssP\ aX--sf-n Fgp-Xmw.
C{- { ]- - n Znn- b n ilm- _ p- o {ioa--bm-\ kc-kz-Xo-kzm-an-I cNn
kpm `c-W-am-cw-`n-p. 53 Xe-ap-d-I 754 kXymY-{]-Im-i-nse Bcym-hob
hjw 1 amkw 17 Znhkw `cn-p. CXv Ncn-{X-]p- aX-a-Xm--c-sf Jfi-\-a-fi\w
kvXI - - f - n ]e-Xnepw hnkvXc- n-s-gp-Xn-bn-p-v.
AXn-\m ChnsS Fgp-Xp-n-. sNp ]Xn-s\mmw

228. CXv ]co-n-ns Bbp-jvm-e-am-Wv. `cn-Xv kap-mkw kam-]vXw.

24 hj-am-sWv ]WvUnXv `K-h--v.

306
 D-cmw
A\p`qanI cv
Bcym-h-nse a\p-jy-cn \nv kXym-
k-Xy-sf hmkvX-h-ambn \nW-bn-n-p--Xn-
\p-X-Ip thZ-hnZy Hgn-v, AhnZy ]c-v, aX-
a-Xm--c- Dm-b-XmWv ssP\mZn hnZym
hncp aX--fpsS {]Nm-c-n\p \nan--am-bXv.
hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W-ntem alm-`m-c-X-ntem
ssP\n-I-sf-n \ma-am-{X-am-bn-tmepw Fgp-Xn-bn-
n. ssP\n-I-fpsS {K--fn hmevao-In-cm-am-
b-W-nepw alm-`m-c-X-nepw hWn-n-p
cma-sbpw IrjvW-sbpw apw IY-I hfsc
hnkv X - c np hWn- n- p- v . Cu aX- ns
Dhw Ahbvp tij-am-sWv CXv sXfn-bn-
p-p. X-fpsS aXw hfsc ]pcm-X-\-am-sWv
ssP\n-I ]d-bp-Xv icn-bm-sW-n, hmevao-
In- c m- a - b - W - nepw apw Ah- c psS IY- I
Ahiyw Dm-bn-cp-t-t\. AXn-\m ssP\-aXw
Cu {K-p tij-ap-m-b-Xm-Wv.
ssP\ {K--fnse IY-I FSp-mWv
hmevaoIn cmam-b-Whpw, ap {K-fpw Fgp-
Xn-b-sXv Bs-nepw ]d-bm-hp--Xm-Wv.
\n-fpsS {K--fp-sS t]cp-t]mepw AXn-en-
m--sX-m-sWpw \n-fpsS {K--fn
D-sX-m-sWpw Ah-tcmSp tNmZn--Ww.
]nXm-hns Pw ]p{X\p ImWm-\m-Iptam? Hcn-
-ep-an. ssP\ _u-a-X- ssih-i-mZn
aX-p tijw Dm-b-Xm-sW-t{X CXn
\np knn-p--Xv.
Cu 12-mw kap-m-k-n ssP\-a-X-s-n
Fgp-Xn-bn- p- - sXmw Ah- c psS {K-sf
Bkv ] - Z - a m- n- b mWv . CXv Iv ssP\n- I
sNmSn- - c p- X v . Ch- c psS aX- s n \mw
FgpXnbsXmw kXym-kXy \nW-b-n\p
thnbmWv. hntcm-[np--Xnt\m lm\n-bp-m-
p--Xnt\m thn-b-.
Cu teJ\w ssP\tcm, _utcm am-sc-n-
eptam Im Fm- h pw kXyhpw
AkXyhpw \nW-bn-p--Xn-\p-thn Nnn-
m\pw Fgp-Xm\pw kabw e`n-bpw Imcyw
t_m[n-bpw sNpw. hmZnbpw {]Xn-hm-Zn-bp-ambn
{]oXntbmsS hmZn- p- I tbm Fgp- X p- I tbm
sNmsX kXym- k Xy \nbw km[y-a-.
hnZzm-mv kXy-taXv Ak-Xy-taXv Fp
\n-b-an-msX hm ]ns hnZzm-m-c-m-
hv alm- - I m- c - n s]p- g -
epIbmsX hgn-bn-. AXn-\m kXy-ns
Pbw Ak-Xy-ns bw Fn-h-bvmbn
ssa{Xn-tbmsS hmZn-bpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNt-
Xv a\p-jy-Pm-Xn-bns \psS apJy Ia-
am-Wv. As\ sNbvXn-s-n a\p-jy-cpsS
DXn Hcnepw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
_u- - s sP\ aX-- sfn- b p Cu
teJ\w Ahp am{X-a, CXc aX-pw
em`-{]-Zhpw t_m[-Zm-bIhpw Bbn-cnpw. Fs-
m Ch Ah-cpsS aX-{K- - Fgp-Xmt\m,
hmbn-m-t\m, ]Tn-mt\m A\y-a-X-p
\evIp-n-. Fsbpw, t_mws_ Bcy-k-am-P-
n-s Imcy-Zin tkTv tkhIvem IrjvW-
Zm-kn-sbpw h]cn-{iaw sImmWv {K-
e`y-am-b-Xv. Imin-bnse "ssP\-{]-`m-Ic'
b{m-eb - - nse {]Im-i\ -
- fpw t_mws_-bn
A-Sn "{]I-cW cXv\m-Icw" F {Khpw
\nanw Fm-hpw ssP\-a-X-t-n Aev]-
sams Adn-bp-hm {]bm-k-an-m-Xm-bn-p-v.
kzw aX-nse {K- X\ntb t\mp-
Xpw, CXc aX-sc ImWn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xpw-
A\ycptSXv t\mm-Xn-cn-p--Xpw Fp hnZz-
-am-sW-d - n-hn! ""Cu {K-f - n Akw-`hy
Imcy-f - p-v. am-cm\pw Ip-t]m-bm JWvUn-
pw. A\y aX-m-cpsS {K- \psS aX-
m Ip-t]m-bm \psS aXn {i
Ipd-bpw.'' Fn-s\ Cu {K--fp-m-n-b-
h in-n-cn--Ww.
Fp-am-Is! kzw tZmj ImWm--
hcpw A\y-cpsS tZmj--fn hfsc Dml-ap-
-h-cp-amb At\Iw a\p-jy-cp-v. CXv \ymb-a-
. kzw tZmj- Iv Zqco-I-cn tijw
A\y-cpsS tZmj- ImWm ]pd-s-Sm-hq.
_u ssP\-aX hnj-b-- Fm k-\--
fp-sSbpw apmsI Ah-X-cn-n-p-p. kzbw
kXyw Is-p-I.
_pn-am-m-tcmSv
CXn-tesdsbs-gpXnbdn-bn-m!
 ]{mw kap-mkw
]{mw kap-mkw
kXym-{]-Imiw
_u ssP\ aX JWvU\ aWvU\w
C\n \mkvXn-I-a-X-n Nmhm-Iw, _u ssP\ aX JWvU\ aWvU\ hnjbw hymJym-
Nmhm-I-aXw
thZ- - f nepw Cuiz- c - \ nepw bmZn
Da Ia--fnepw hnizmkan-m _rl-
kv]Xn Fp t]cmb Hcm Dm-bn-cp-p.
At-l-ns aXw t\mn-bmepw:
bmh- ohw kpJw PothmkvXn
artXym-ct- Km-Ncx, `kvao-`qXky tZlky ]p\-
cm-K-a\w IpXx. 1
a\p-jycpw ap Pohn-Ifpsampw arXyp-hn\v
AtKm-N-c--f-. AXm-bXv Fm-hcpw acn-p-
sa-w. AXn-\m ico-c-ap--{Xbpw Imew
kpJ-ambn Ign-b-Ww. [am-N-cWw IjvS-X-tb-
dn-b-Xm-sW-nepw [aw shSnp Pohn-m
]p\- - n alm-Zp-cn-Xa - p-m-Ipsap ]d-
m Nmhm-I Cs\ Dcw ]dbpw:-
""]mhw a\p-jytc! ac-W-tijw icocw `kva-
amIpw. Xnpw IpSnpw Pohn--bm hopw
temI-n hcp-n''. AXn-\m Ign-bp--
{Xbpw B\-n-p-I. temI-n \oXn ]qw
\S-pI, sFizcyw hn-n-p-I, CjvS-ap
1. Cu kap-m-k-nse Nmhm-I--_u--aX {]am-W-
kmb-Wm-Nm-cy-Ir-Xy-amb khZi\ kw{K-l-
n \ns-Sp--Xm-Wv-. Cu aX--sf--n-bp
]pkvXI -
- Av e`y-am-bn-cp-n-. ssP\-aX N-
bnepw khZi-kw-{Klw D]-tbm-Kn-n-p-v. CXv
hmkp-tZh imkv{Xn A`y- Fgp-Xnb Sn-Wn-tbmSp
IqSn 1924 {]kn-o-Ic
- n kh-Zi\ kw{K-l - n
NmhmI Zi\w t]Pv 2 Dv. C\n Sn-Wn-bn
\Ip t]Pv \ CXn-te-Xm-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
12
\n-mw.
kpJ-samw A\p-`h - n-pI. Cu temI-ta-bp-q,
]c-tem-I-an Fdnbp-I.''
""]rYzn, Pew, An, hmbp Fo \mep `qX-
]cn-W-an-mWv ico-c-ap-m-b-Xv. CXn
Ch-bpsS kwtbmKw \n-anw ssNX\yw Dm-
Ip-p. amZ-I-h-kvXp- `n-m el-cn-bp-
m-Ip-X - p-t]mse 2 Poh ico-ct- m-Sp-IqSn
Dm-bn. AXns \mi-tm-Sp-IqSn kzbw Cm-
Xm-Ip-p. ]nmmWv ]m]-]p-Wy--fpsS
^ew e`n-p-Xv?
""Xss-X\y hnin-jvS-tZl Gh Bflm,
tZlm-Xn-cn Bfl\n {]am-Wm`m-hmXv.'' 3
Cu ico-c-n \mep `qX--fpsS kwtbm-K-
m Dm- I p Pohm- fl mhv Ah- b psS
hntbm-K-n \in-p-p. Fs-m acn-
-Xn\p tijw Bflmhv {]Xy--a-. R
{]Xy--{]-am-Ws am{Xta hI-h-bvp-p-
q. 4 {]Xy--an-s-n A\p-am-\m-Zn-I
KuW-am-b-Xn-\m Ahsb kzoI-cn-p-n-.
kp-cn-bpsS Benw-K-\-m B\--e-_v[n-bp-
m-Ip-Xv ]pcp-jm-ns ^e-am-Wv. 5
2. X{X ]rYn-hym-Zo\ `qXm\n NXzm-cn-X-zm-\n. tX`y
Fh tZlm-Imc ]cn-W-tX`yx InWzm-Znt`ym aZ-in
hss-X-\y-ap-]-Pm-b-tX. tXjp hn\-jvtSjp kp
kzbw hn\-iyXn (Nm. Z. t]Pv 2)
3. N.Z. 6. t]Pv
4. {]Xy-ssI {]am-W-hm-Zn-Xbm f \pam-\m-tZ-c-\-MvKo-
Im-tcW {]mam-Wym-`m-hm-Xv. (Sn t]Pv 3)
5. AwK-\mZym enwK-P\yw kpJ-tah ]pcp-jmcvY (Sn)
307
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Dcw:- ]rYnhn apX-emb `qX-sfmw
PU-am-Wv. AXn\nv tNX\w Hcn-epw
Dm-hp-I-bn-. Ctm amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS
kwtbm-K-n \nv tZtlm-Xv]n Dm-Ip-
-Xp-t]mse krjvSn-bpsS XpS--n a\p-
jy-cp-tSbpw apw ico-cm-IrXn, Im-hmb
Cuiz-c-\n-msX kw`-hn-p--tX-bn-. el-cn-
bp-tS-Xp-t]mseb tNX-\ - ns DXv] - nbpw
hn\m-ihpw kw`-hn-p-Xv. Fs-m elcn
Dm-Ip-Xv tNX-\-n-\mWv PUn-\-. 6
]Ymw \jvSw 7 AZrjvSw BIpw,
Fm Hcn-epw Hn-sbpw A`mhw Dm-
Ip-n-. 8 C{]Imcw AZr-iy-am-Ip-XpsImv
Pohs A`mhw Dsv AwKo-I-cn--cp-Xv.
tZl-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-tm Pohm-flmhv
{]ISo- ` - h n- p- p. icocw XyPn- p- t m
icocw arX-am-IpIbpw apv tNX-\-ambncp-
Xp-t]mse BIm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. CXv
_rl-Zm-c-Wy-I-n ]d-n-pv ""\mlw
tamlw {_hoan A\p- nn [cv a m- b - a m-
tflXn. 9 bm-h-evIy ]d-bp-p: tl
ssat{Xbn Rm taml-m-e ]d-bp--Xv.
Fm Bflmhv Ahn-\m-in-bm-Wv. AXns
tN-bm-emWv ico-c-tN-jvS-I \S-p-Xv.''
Poh ico-c-n \np ths]p Ign-
m ico- c - n bmsXmcp m\hpw
Dm-hp-Ib - n-. Bflmhv ico-c- n\np `n-
a- s - n arXyp- h n\p tijw ico- c - n
m\-ns A`mhw ]mSn-. AXn-\m
GXns kwtbm-K-m ico-c-n ssNX-
\yhpw hntbm- K - n PU- X bpw Dm- I p-
pthm AXv tZl-n \np `n-am-Ip-p.
Iv Fmw ImWp-s-nepw kzbw ImWm-
-Xp-t]mse Fmw {]Xy-o-`-hn-np
Xs, X\nv C{n-b--fm {]Xy--am-pI
km[y-a-. kzw Ip-sImv LS]-SmZn
kIe hkvXp--tfbpw ImWp--Xp-t]mse,
In-t\bpw Xs m\-m ImWp-p.
6. aZy-n\v el-cn-]n-Sn-p-n-. aZyw Ign-p tNX-
\-n\p am{Xta el-cn-bp-m-Ip-p-p. aZ-Im-c-W-
am-I-bm aZy-sap ]d-bp-p.
7. Wiv AZit\ ([mXp ]mTw 4.83) ImWmXm-hp--Xm-
Wv. \jvSw.
8. KoX 2.16 t\mp-I.
9. aqe-]mT \hm Atcflw tamlw {_hoay hn\mio
hm Atc fb amfl-\p--n-[cvam (4.5.14)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
{ZjvSmhv kZm {ZjvSm-hm-bn-s Ccn-p-p.
Hcn-epw Zriy-am-Ip-n-. B[m-c-an-msX
At[bw, Imc-W-an-msX Imcyw, Ah-bhn
CmsX Ah-bhw, Im-hn-msX Iaw
Fnh \ne-\nevm--Xp-t]mse Im-hn-
msX {]Xyw Fs\ Dm-Im-\mWv?
kp-cn-bmb -kv{Xo-tbmSp kam-Kaw sNp-
-XmWv- ]p-cp-jmY^esan Wn-I-kp-
J-amb AXn \nv ZpxJw Dm-Ip-Xpw ]pcp-
jmY ^e-am-sWp hcpw. A-s\-bm-bm
kzK-kp-J - ns lm\n \nanw ZpxJw A\p-
`-hn-tn hcp-p. ZpxJs Cm-Xm-p--
Xn\pw kpJw hn-n-p--Xn\pw {]b-Xv\n-
-W-sav ]d-bp ]w apn-kpJw Cm-
Xm-Ipw. AXn-\m AXv ]pcp-jmY ^e-a-.
Nmhm-I ZpxJ-kw-bp--amb kpJs
XyPn-p--h aqV-\m-Wv. [m\yw th-h
Dan Ifv [m\yw FSp-p--Xp-t]mse Cu
temI- n kpJs kzoI- c n- p- I bpw
ZpxJs XyPn- p- I bpw sN- W w. Cu
temIv e`n- p kpJs XyPnnv
Cm kzK-nse kpJw B{K-lnv NXn-
b-m Dm-nb thZ--fn ]d-bp An-
tlm-{XmZn Ia-fpw D]m-k-\bpw m\-Im-
WvU-ns A\pjvTm\hpw ]c-tem-I-n-\p-
thn A\p-jvTn-p--h Am-\n-I-fmWv.
\n-b-ambpw Cm ]c-temIw B{K-ln-p-
Xv aqV-m-cpsS ]Wn-bmWv. Fs-m
An-tlm{Xw {Xtbm thZm-kv{XnZWvUw
`kv a KpWv T - \ av _pn]ucp- j - l o- \ m\mw
Pohn-tIXn _rl-kv]Xnx 10
Nmhm-Ia - X
- {- ]-hm-NI
- \
- mb _rl-kv]Xn ]d-
bpp An-tlm{Xw, aqp thZw, {XnZWvUw,
`kva-te-]\w Ch-sbmw _pnlo\cpw ]pcp-
jmY cln-X-cp-amb Bfp-I-fpsS \nXy-hr-n-
p amK-f - m-Wv. Fm, app-sIm-pI
apX-emb ZpxJ- \c-Ihpw, sFlnI cmPmhv
Cuiz-c-\pw, tZl-\miw tam-hp-am-Wv. asm-
p-a-. 11
Dcw: hnj-b-kp-J- am{X-amWv ]pcp-
10. Nm. Z. t]Pv 5.
11. I-Im-Zn-hy-Ym-P\yw ZpxJw \ncb DNytX temI-
kntm `th-{ZmPm ]tctim \m]-cx-kvarXx tZlky
\mtim-ap-nkvXp \ m\mpn-cn-jytX (Nm. Z.-
t]Pv 67)
308
 ]{mw kap-mkw
jmY-^-e-sap \n\v hnj-b-ZpxJ \nhm-c-
W-n am{Xw IrX-Ir-Xy-Xbpw -kz-K{]m-
]vXnbpw ImWp-Xv aqV-X-bmWv . An-tlm-
{XmZn bPv R - - f n hmbphpw hrjv S nbpw
Pehpw ipn-bmbn BtcmKy {]m]vXnbpm-
hp-Ibpw XZzmcm [amY Ima tam
knn-p-Ibpw sNp-p-. AX-dn-bmsX thZw,
Cuiz-c thtZm--amb [aw Fn-hsb
\nn-p-Xv h-\-bm-Wv. {XnZWvUw, `kva-
[m-cWw apX-em-b-hsb JWvUn-Xv icn-bm-Wv.
app sImp ZpxJw \c-I-am-sW-n
AXn- e p- ] - c n- b mb alm- t cm- K m- Z n- I Fp-
sImv \c-I-a? sFiz-cy-hm\pw {]Pm-]m-e-
\- n kaY- \ p- a mb cmPm- h n\v alXzw
\ev I p- Xv icn- b m- s W- nepw A\ymbw
sNp ]m]n-bmWv cmPm-sh-n Abmsf
Cuiz-c-Xpeyw AwKo-I-cn-p-s-n \n-sf-
tmse aqV-m-cn Xs. ico-c-\m-i-amWv
apn-sb-n \nfpw Igp-X, ]n- ap-X-em-b-
hbpw Xn FmWv hyXymkw?
Nmhm-I:
1. An-cpjvtWm Pew ioXw ioX-kv]cvi-
kvXY - m-\nex tIt\Zw Nn{XnXw XkvamZv kz`m-
hmkvXZzyhnXnx
2. \ kzcvtKm \mf]htKm hm ss\hmflm
]mc-eu-In-Ix, ss\h hcvWm-{i-am-Zo\mw
{Ibm--^-e-Zm-bnImx
3. ]ip- t - n- l nXx kzcv K w tPymXn-
jvtSmta K-an-jyXn, kz]n-Xm-b-P-am-t\\ X{X
Ikvam- lnwky-tX.
4. arXm- \ mh- ] nP- p\mw {imw
tNr]vXn Imc-Wav K-Xm-an-l-P-p\mw
hycvYw ]mtY-b-I-ev]-\av.
5. kzcvK- nXm bZm Xr]vXnw
KtbpkvX{X Zm\Xx {]km-Ztkym ]cn-m-
\m-a{X Ikvam ZobtX
6. bmhothpJw Poth-ZrWw IrXzm
LrXw ]nt_Xv, `kvao `qXky tZlky ]p\-
cm-K-a\w IpXx.
7. bZn Kt-Xv]cw temIw tZlm-tZj
hn\ncvKXx, Ikva - mZv `qtbm \ NmbmXn _p-
kvt\l kam-Ipex
8. XX Poh-t\m-]mtbm {_m-ssWhn-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
ln-XkvXznl. arXm\mw t{]X-Im-cym-Wn NXz-
\yZv hnZytX IzNn-Xv.
9. {Xtbm thZky Icv mtcm `Wv U -
[qcv \nim-Ncm,x Pcv^co Xpcv^-co-XymZn
]WvUn-Xm\mw hNx kvarXav.
10. Aizkym- { Xln iniv \ p ]Xv \ o-
{Kmlyw {]Iocvn-Xa - v. `WvssU-kvXZ- z-Xv]cw
ssNh -{KmlyPmXav {]Iocvn-Xav
11. amwkm\mwJmZ\w XZz-n-imNc kao-
cn-X-av. 12
1. Nmh-Icpw B`m-W-Icpw _u--ssP-\-
mcpw PK-Zp-Xv]n kzm-`m-hn-I-am-sWv Icp-
Xp- p. kz`m- h nI KpW- fp {Zhy
kwtbm-Pnv Fm ]Zm-fpw Dm-Ip-p.
PK-n\v {kjvSm-hmbn Bcp-an-. 13
2. Fm Ch-cn Nmhm-I As\
Icp-Xp-s-nepw ]c-tem-Ihpw Pohm-flmhpw
Dsv _ur--ssP-\-m hniz-kn-p-p.
Nmhm-I Cu hmZw kzoI-cn-p-n-. Cu aX-
m Aev]-kzev] t`Z-sam-gn-hm-n-bm ap-
Im-cy--fn-semw Xpey-cm-Wv. kz-an-, \c-
I-an-, ]c-tem-I-p-t]m-Ip Bflm-hp-an-.
hWm-{i-a-[a-]m-e\w Hpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-a-.
3. ]ip-hn-s\-smv b-n tlman-
p--Xp-sIm-v AXp kz-n t]mIp-sa-
n bw sNph kzw ]nXm-hns\
sImp tlmanv kzn-e-b-bvm--sX-
mWv?
4. acn Pohn-I {imhpw X]-W-hpw-
sImv Xr]v X - c m- I p- s a- n ]c- t Z- i p
t]mIp Ah-k-c-n Aw hkv{X-Zm\w
apX- e m- b h Fn\p sImp- t ]m- I p- p?
acnbmfns t]cn X]Ww sNp
]Zm- -kzn-se-p-sa-n ]-c-tZ-
i-bm{X sNp--hp-thn _p-v
12. Nm.-Z. t]Pv 13, 14, 15.
13. CXv `mhmY-am-Wv. i_vZmYw ""An DjvWhpw
Pew ioX-fhpw hmbp ioX-kv]i-ap--Xp-am-Wv. Cu
sshNn{Xyw BcmWv Nn{Xo-Ic - n-Xv? AXn-\m kzm`m-
hn-I-am-bn-s AXXns KpW--fm bp-ambn
nXn sNpp Fp a\-kn-em-Ww''. tizXm-iz-
X-tcm-]\- n-j
- ns Bcw-`- n (1.2) Imex kz`mthm
\nb-Xn-cy-Zrm Fv kz`m-th\ krjvSyp-Xv]n F
]w Ah-X-cn-n-nv ]noSv AXns\ JWvUn-n-p-
v.
309
 ]{mw kap-mkw
hon A]Ww sNbvXv tZim--c--fn
Fn-m-hp--Xp-am-Wv.- Cs\sbn-m-\m-
hp-I-bn-s-n Fs\ kzn-ep-sa-pw? hWm-{i-an-I-fpsS kXy-`m-j-Ww. ]tcm-]-Imcw
5. aXy- t em- I - n Zm\w sNp- - X p-
sImv kz-hm-kn-I Xr]vX-cm-Ip-sa-n
Xmgs \ne-bn hnf-n-sh-m apI-fnse
\ne-bn-en-cn-p Bfn\p hni--S--W-atm!
6. AXn-\m Pohn-n-cn-p--{Xbpw Imew
kpJ-ambn Pohn-p-I. hon-sem-p-an-s-n
ISw hmn B\- n- p- I . ISw hot
Bhiyw hcp-I-bn-. Fs-m Xnp-Ibpw
IpSn-p-Ibpw sNbvX ico-c-n\v ]p\-cm-K-a-
\-an-. ]ns Bcp tNmZn-m Bcp sImSp-
m?
7. ac-W-k-a-bv Poh icocw hnv ]c-
temIw {]m]n-p-sv B-fp-I ]d-bp-Xv
anYy-bm-Wv. As\ BsWn IpSpw-_-tam-
l-nsv Poh hon Xncn-s-m- Sp- m- X n- c p- m \n- b - a mbpw ]m]n- b mbn
sX-p-sImv?
8. AXn-\m CsXmw {_m-W Ah-cpsS
\nXy-hr-np thn Dm-nb -D-]m-b--fm-
Wv. ]p _en apX-emb ac-Wm-\-c {Inb-
Ifpw C-s\-X-s.
9. thZ--fp-m-n-b-h I]S `cpw, NXn-
bcpw, cm-k-cp-am-Wv. P^-cn, Xp^-cn, apX-
em-b-h-sbmw ]ptcm-ln-X-cpsS BPvR-sb-Ip-
dn-p-p.
10. Cu t]mn-cn-If - psS cN\ t\mq. ""Aiz-
enMvKw kv{Xo {Kln--s. bP-am-\-]-Xv\nsb
kam-K-an-n-p-p. I\yI-tbmSp tIfo-h-N-\-
]-d-bs. CsXmw Aht Fgp-Xn-sh-
bvm Ign-bq.
11. amwk `-W-amImw F thZ-`mKw
cm-k Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv.
Dcw: 1. tNX-\-amb Cuiz-c \nn-
msX PU-hk - vXp- X\ntb ]c-kv]cw {Ia-
ambn tbmPnv Hpw Dm-hp-Ib - n-. kz`m-th\
Dm-Ip--Xm-sW-n hopw kqcy N{-
mcpw ]rYznbpw \-{Xm-Zn-Ifpw Dm-Im--
sX-p-sImv?
2. kzw, kpJ-t`m-K--fp-sSbpw \cIw
bmX-\I - f
- p-tSbpw t]cm-Wv. Pohm-flm-hn-s-n
kpJ-Zpx-J - f - psS t`mmhv BcmWv? Ctm
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kpJ-Zpx-J--fpsS t`mmhv Pohm-flmhmbn-cn-
p--Xp-t]mse ]c-P--nepw Bbn-cn-pw.
apX-emb {Inb-Ifpw \njv^-e-am-Ip-tam? Hcn--
ep-an-.
3. 4. 5. arK-sf sImv tlman-p-hm thZ-
im-kv{X--fnsepw hn[n-bn-. acn--hv
{im-XW \S-p-Xpw It]m-e-I-
ev]n-Xa - m-Wv. Ch thZmZn kXy-im-kv{X-p
hncp--am-I-bm `mK-h-XmZn ]pcm-W-m-cpsS
a- X - a m- W v . AXn- \ m Chsb JWv U \w
sNbvXn-cn-p--Xns\ JWvUn-m-\m-hp-I-bn-.
6. D hkvXp-hn\v Hcn--epw A`mhw C.
D Pohs A`mhw Dm-Im h. tZlw
`kva-amIpw. Poh Bhp-I-bn. Poh asmcp
ico-c-n t]mIp-p. AXn-\m ISw hmn
ap-h-kvXp- D]-t`mKw sNbvXv Xncn-p-sIm-
cmw P-n \c-I-a-\p-`-hnpw. CXn
kt-l-an-.
7. 8. tZl-n \npw ths] Poh\v
m\m--chpw, ico-cm-hpw kw`-hn-p-p.
AXn\v ]qP-s-ntbm IpSpw-_m-Zn-I-sf-
-ntbm bmsXm-c-dnhpw Dm-hp-I-bn-. t{]X-
Ia-fpw apw ]ptcm-ln-X-m BZm-b-n\p
thn Dm-nbXmWv. thtZm--a-m--Xp-
sImv Ahsb JWvUn--Ww.
9. Nmhm- I m- Z n- I thZm- Z n- k Xy
imkv{X ImWpItbm tIp-Itbm ]Tn-
p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-s-n ""I]-S-`-cpw
NXn-bcpw cm-k-cp-am-b-h-cmWv thZmZn kXy-
im-kv{X- \nn--sXp ]d-bp-I-bn-m-bn-
cp-p. I]-S-`-cpw NXn-b-mcpw cm-k-Xp-
ey-cp-amb alo-[-cm-Zn 14 hymJym-Xm- Dm-
bn-p-v. Ah-cpsS NXn-bm-Wv. thZ--fp-tS-X-.
Nmhm-Icpw B`m-W-Icpw _u--ssP-\cpw
\mep-th-Z - f - p-tSbpw aqe-kw-lnX ImWp-Itbm
tIpItbm GsX-nepw hnZzmam-cn\np
]Tn-p-Itbm sNbvXn-n-m-Xp IjvS-am-Wv.-
A-Xn-\m \jvS-_p-n-I-fp-ambn thZ-\n ]pe-
p-hm XpS-n. ZpjvS-m-cmb hma-amn-I-
14. alo-[-cm-Zn-I F-Xn\v alo-[-c-\-tm-se-bp
FYw. alo-[-c\p hfsc app-Xs {`jvS-`m-jy-
Dm-bn-p-S-n-bn-cp-p.
310
 ]{mw kap-mkw
fpsS {]am-W-iq-\y-amb hymJym-\- Iv
thZ-hn-tcm-[n-I-fmbn AhnZybpsS AKm-[-amb
kap-{Z-n ]Xn-p-t]m-b-tm.
10. \ Imcyw Xs! kv{Xosb-smv
Aiz-enMvKw {Kln-nv kam-K-an-n-epw, bP-
am-\-]p-{Xnsb D]-l-kn-epw apw hma-amKn-
I-sf-sm--msX ap a\p-jyp tN-tX-
b-. Cu alm-]m-]n-I-fmb hma-amKn-I-f-msX
Bsc-nepw {`jvShpw hn]-co-Xhpw Aip--hp-
amb thZ-hym-Jym\w sNptam? bmsXmpw
Btem-Nn-msX shdptX thZ-\n-bvp Xp\n-
bp Cu Nmhm-I-cpsS Imcyw IjvSw X-s.
Hs-n-epw kz_pn {]tbm-Kn-p-IqtS? Fp
sNm- \ mWv ? AXp- v kXym- k - X y-
\nbw sNbvXv kXys aWvU\w
sNm\pw X Adn-hn-msX t]mbn.
11. hma-amKn-I-fmb hymJym-Xm--fmWv
amwk `-Ws A\p-Iq-en--Xpw. AXn-\m
Ahsc cm-ks - cp ]d-bp-Xv DNn-Xw-Xs
Fm thZ--fn-sepw -amw-k-`-Ww hn[n-
n-n-. AXn-\m- Ccw anYyIfpsS ]m]w
thZ- ImWp- I tbm tIpItbm
sNmsX tXmnb]Sn \nn B `mjy-
mpXs kt-l-sat\y Inpw. thZs
\n-n--h-cpw \nn-p--hcpw \n-b-ambpw
Ahn-Zy-bpsS A-Im-c-n hoWv, kpJ-
n\p ]Icw F{X-Iv ZpxJn-p-Xpw A[n-
I-a-s-XmWv kXyw. AXn-\m thZm-\p-Iq-
e-ambn \S-p--Xt{X a\p-jyp DNn-Xw.
shdptX It]m-e-I-ev]n-X-am-b-sXmw sa\-
s-Spv btYjvSw aZy-]m-\w, amwkm-lmcw,
]c-kv{Xo-Ka - \w apX-emb ZpjvSI
- a- sNp-
I-sb kzm-kn-npthn hma-amKn-
I thZs If--s-Spn. CXp ImWv
Nmhm-Icpw _ucpw ssP\cpw thZ-\n
sNm-\m-cw-`n-Xv. Fnv thZ-hn-cp-hpw \nco-
iz-c-hp-amb \mkvXn-I-a-X-{]-Nm-cWw Bcw-`np.
Nmhm-Im-Zn-I thZ--fpsS au-en-Imw
At\z-jn-n-cp-s-n, I-`m-jy- Iv
thtZm--a-X-n \nv thdnp \nevp-am-bn-
cp-n-. Fp sNmw! hn\m-iI - mte hn]-coX
15
_pnx \mi-ns s\n--eI ImWm-dm-
Ip-tm a\p-jys _pn hn]-co-X-amtb
t]mIq.
15. NmWIy \oXn 16.15
kXym-{]-Im-iw
C\n Cu Nmhm-Im-Zn-I FsXmw Xc-
n-epsv Fgp-Xmw. Ch an-hmdpw Imcy-
-fn Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. Fm Nmhm-I
tZtlm-Xv]-ntbm-Sp-IqSn Pothm-Xv-]-nbpw
AXns \mi-tm-Sp-IqSn Poh-s \mihpw
AwKo-I-cn-p-p. ]p\P-hpw ]c-tem-Ihpw
AwKo-Icn-p-n-. {]Xy--{]-am-W-a-msX
asmn-s\bpw kzoI-cn-p-n-. ]d-bp--Xn
{]K- Fpw, sshX-WvUn-I Fp-amWv
NmhmI i_vZ-n-\w. _ucpw -ssP-
\-cpw {]Xy-m-Zn-\mep {]am-W-, A\m-Zn-
bmb Pohm- fl mhv . ]p\Pw. ]c- t emIw,
apn Fn-h-bn hniz-kn-pp. _u--
ssP-\-cpw Nmh-Icpw Xn-ep Acw C{X-
am-{X-am-Wv. \mkvXn-IX, thZCu-iz-c-\n, ]c-
a-X-tZzjw. Bdp bXv\-, PK-XvImhn-
s hmZw Fn-h-bnsemw Ch Xpey-cm-
Wv. CXmWv Nmhm-I-a-X-ns kwn]vX
- . cq]w.
_u-aXw
C\n _u-aX - s kw_-nv kwn-]vX-
ambn Fgp-Xmw. Imcy-Im-c-W-`m-hmZzm kz`m-
hmZzm \nbm-aI
- m-Xv, Ahn-\m`m-h\
- n-btam Zcvi-
16
\m-c Zcvi-\mXv Imcy ImcW `mhw
AYhm Imcyw Iv Imc-Ww, Imc-Ww-Iv
Imcyw, apX-em-b-h-bpsS kmm-XvImcw Dm-
Ip-Xv {]Xy--hpw, ap-h A\p-am-\-hp-am-
Ip-p. Ch-Iq-SmsX Pohn-I-fpsS {]h-\-
]qW-am-hp-I-bn-. C{]-Im-c-ap e-
W--fm A\p-am-\-n\v {]m[m\yw \evIn-
bmWv Nmhm-I-cn \np `n-amb _u-
imJ Dm-bn-p-Xv.
\mev _u-im-J-I
_u \mep {]Im-c-n-ep-v. 17 am[y-an-
Iw, tbmKm-Nm-cw, ku{Xm-n-Iw, ssh`m-jn-Iw
16. kh-Zi\ kw{Klw _u-aXw t]Pv 16 Nnp-
J-Ir-X-am-b-Xz Zo]n-I-bn [a-Ion-bp-tS-Xmbn
Dr-Xw. Cu {]I-c-W-n kh-Zi\ kw{K-l-
n \nmWv apJy-ambpw D-c-Wn-I {K-Im-
cs Imev _u-{K-- kpe-`-am-bn-cp-n-.
17. tX _um-X - pcv hn[bm `mh-\bm ]c-a] - p-cp-jmcvYw
IY-bn tX N am[y-anI tbmKm Nmc ku{Xm-
nI ssh`m-jnI kwPvRm`ox {]knm _um bYm-
{Iaw kcvhi - q-\y-Xz-_
- m-lymcvYi
- q-\y-Xz _mlymcvYm-
\p-ta-bXz _mlymcvY {]Xy--hm-Zm BXn-jvTt
(Sn t]Pv 19)
311
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Fn-hb - mWv B t`Z-. _pym \nhcvtX
k _ux _pn-bm knn-p-Xv Ah- sWp hniz-kn-p-p. Hmtcm W-nepw
\-hs _pn-bn hcp-Xv hniz-kn-p-I.
hcm- Xv hniz- k n- m- X n- c n- p- I . CXt{X
_u-e--Ww. Ch-cn Hm-as Iq-cmb
am[y-an-I Fmw iq\y-am-sWv hniz-kn-p-
p. AXm-bXv Fp ]Zm--fptm Ah-
sbmw iq\yw. AXm-bXv Ah BZn-bn Dm-
bn-cp-n-. Ah-km\w Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bp-an-.
a[y-n {]Xo-Xo-am-Ip--Xp-Xs {]Xo-Xn-k-
a-b-m-Wv. ]noSv iq\y-am-Ipw. IpSw Dm-Ip-
- X n\p- a pv AXv Cm- b n- c p- p. DS- p- I -
fm ]ns C-Xm-\pw. IpSw Dv F
Adnhpw AXns DS-n-en-t\msS Cm-Xm-Ip-
p. A-Xn-\m iq\yw am{X-amWv GI-Xzw.
cm-as Iq-cmb tbmKm-Nm-c-m-cpsS
knmw _mly-iq-\y-X-bm-Wv. ]Zm-
A-cn-I-m-\-nemWv. _mly-m\-n-
e `mkn-p-Xv. IpSs AIta Adn-bm-
hp--Xp-sIm-t{X "CXp IpS-amWv' Fp a\p-
jy ]d-bp--Xv. BcnI m\-an-s-n
CXp ]d-bp-hm km[y-a-.
aqm-as sku{Xmn-I _mlym-
ns A\p-am-\-n hniz-kn-p-p. Fs-
m _mly- a mbn Hpw - X s kmwtKm-
]mwKw {]Xy--am-Ip-n-. GI-tZiw {]Xy-
-s-Sp--Xp-sImv tijw A\p-am-\n-p--
tX-bpq Fm-Wn-h-cpsS aXw.
\mem-as ssh`m-jn-I ]d-bp-Xv {]Xy-
-am-Ip--sXmw ]pd-ta-bm-Wv, AI-ta-b
Fm-Wv. Abw \oex LSx (CXv \oe-p-Sw)
F-Xn {]Xo-Xn-bm \oe-\n-d-ap IpSw
]pdta {]Xo-X-am-Ip-p. CXm-W-h-cpsS aXw.
Ch-cp-sS-sbmw Kpcp _p. Xs-sb-
nepw injy-m-cpsS _pn-t`Zw \nan--amWv
]e imJ-I Dm-bX - v. kqcy AkvXa - n-m
Pmc-m ]c-kv{Xo-K-a-\hpw hnZzm-m kXy-`m-
j-WmZn t{ijvT Iafpw sNp-p. kabw
Hp- X s; Ah- \ - h s _pn- b - \ p- k - c nv
hn`n tNjvS-I sNp-p. 18
18. bZy]n `K-hm _p GI Gh t_m[-bnXm XYm]n
t_m[-hymlmw _pn-t`-Zm-m-Xpcvhn-[yav. bYm-KtXm
kvXacvI CXypt Pmc-tNmc \qNm-\m-Zbx tkzjvS
tNjvT-m-\p-km-tc-Wm`n-k-cW ]ckz lcW kZm-N-c-
W, Zn kabw _p[yt (_u.-Z. 19)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ch- c n am[y- a n- I Fmw Wn- I - a m-
_pn ]cn-W-an-p--Xp-sImv Ign W-
n-se- A-dnhv hcpwW-n Cm-Xm-Ip-p.
AXn\msemw Wn-I-a-t{X. cmas Iq-
cmb tbmKm-Nm-c-m Fm {]hr-nbpw ZpxJ-
cq-]-am-sW aX-m-cmWv. {]m]vXnsImv
kp-jvSn-bn. Hp {]m]vX-am-bm asm-
ns {]m]vXnv bXv\am-cw-`npw. AXn-\m
Fm {]hr-n-Ifpw ZpxJ-cq-]--fm-Wv. aqm-
as ku{Xm-n-I Fm ]Zmfpw
kze-W--fm en-X-am-Ip-sp hniz-
kn-p-p. ]ip-hns Nn-sImv ]ip.
IpXn-c-bpsS e-W-sImv IpXnc Fn-
s\ Xncn--dn-bp-p. Cs\ ey-n
Xs eWw kZm Dv. \mem-as ssh`m-
jn-I "iq\yw' Hcp ]Zm-am-sWp hniz-
kn-p-p. am[y-an-I Fmw iq\y-am-sWv
knm-n-n-p-v. ssh`m-jn-I-]-hpw Xp-
ey-am-Wv. Cs\ _ucn At\Iw hn`n
]-fp-v. 19
Dcw:- Fmw iq\yamsW- n
iq\ys iq\y-sa-d - n-bpbm iq\y-am-Im
hgn-bn-. IqSmsX Fmw iq\y-am-sW-n
iq\y- n\p iq\ys Adn- b m- \ m- h n- .
Atm iq\y-ns mXmhv, tbw
Fo cp ]Zm- kn- a m- I p- p.
tbmKm-Nm-c-m _mly-iq\y-Xzw knm-n-
p-tm {]Xy--am-bn-Im-Wp ]h-Xhpw
apw Ah-cpsS Dnem-Wv. A-s\-sb-n
lrZ- b - n ]mh- X - n\v CS- s a- h nsS?
Atm ]hXw _mly-am-sWpw AXns
m\-amWv Bflm-hn-ep-m-Ip-s - Xpw hcp-
p. ku{Xm-n-I ]Zm--fpsS {]Xy-
s am\n-p-n-s-n Ah-cpsS hmp-
Ifpw A\p-ta-b-a-msX {]Xy--am-hp-I-bn-.
{]Xyas-n Abw -LSx (Cu IpSw)
F {]tbmKw km[p-h - . Abw LssS-It- Zix
19. ChnsS aqe-{K--ns Ftm {`jvS-]mTw
Dm-bn-p-sv bp[n-jvTn-ca - o-amw-kI
- s
- \-tm-se-bp
]WvUn-X - m A`n-{]m-bs
- -Sp-p. kcvhw-Wn-Iw--
Wn-I-av, kcvhw ZpxJw ZpxJ kze-Ww kze--W-av,
iq\yw iq\yav (t]Pv 19) FmWv _ps D]-tZ-iw.
CXns hymJym\w sImSp-n-cn-p-Xv icn-bm-sW-
nepw Nne `mK- IqSpXembn hp-t]m-bn-p-v.
312
 ]{mw kap-mkw
CXv IpS-ns `mK-amWv Fp ]d-b-Ww.
`mKw IpS-am-hp-Ib - n-, apgp-h\pw Ds-nte IpS-
am-hq. CXv IpSamWv Fp-Xv {]Xy-amWv.
A\p- t a- b - a - , Fs- m Fm Ah- b -
hfnepw Ah-bhn Hm-Wv. AXp-{]-Xy--
am-sW-n IpS-ns Ah-b-hhpw {]Xy--
am-Wv. Ah-b-h-k-ln-X-amb IpSw {]Xy--am-
Ip-sap XmXv]-cyw.
\mem-as ssh`mjn-I _mly-]-Zm-
sf {]Xy--am-sWp am\n-p-p. CXpw
icn-b-. Fs-m m\hpw mXmhpw
Fhn-sS-bptm Ahn-sS-bmWv {]Xy-w. {]Xy-
- h n- j bw shfn- b n- e m- s W- nepw AXns
BIm-c-m-\-ap-m-Ip-Xv Bflm-hn-\m-Wv.
AXp-t]mse Fm- h-kvXp-fpw Ah-bpsS
m\hpw Wn-I-am-sW-n {]Xy-`n---
Rm As\ sNbvXp F kvac-W--D-m-
Ip-I-bn-. Fm apv IXpw tIXpw
kvacn-m Ign-bp--Xn-\m Wn-I-hm-Zhpw
icn-b-.
Fmw ZpxJ-amWv kpJ-ta-bn Fm-sW-
n kpJs At]-n- - msX ZpxJw knn-
p-Itb C. cm{Xnsb At]-nv ]Iepw
]I-ens\ At]-nv cm{Xnbpw Dm-Ip-Xp
t]mse-bm-Wn-Xv. AXn\m Fmw ZpxJ-am-
sW knmw icn-b-.
kze-Ww am{Xw kzoIcn-m, t\{Xw
cq]-ns e-W-hpw, cq]w ey-hp-am-Wv.
IpS-ns cq]w IpS-ns cq]-e--W-hpw,
Iv ey-n \np `nhpw BWv. Kw
]rYnhn-bn \np `n-a-m-XmIp-Xp-am-Wv.
Cs\ ey-e--W- `nm-`n---fm-
sWp Icp-X-Ww.
iq\y- ns Dcw app ]d- p.
iq\ys Adn-bp B iq\y-n \np
`nw Xs.
ZpxJ-cq-]n-bmb kwkm-cw-
-ssP-\-_u--kn-mw
kcv h ky kwkm- c ky ZpxJm- fl - I Xzw
kcvh-XocvY-c k-X-av. 20
temI-samw ZpxJ-cq-]w, ZpxJ-ns Ccn-
n-Sw, ZpxJ-ns km[\mcq-]s - ap kev]nv
temIs shSn-bp-I-sb--XmWv _u-cpsS
20. kh-Zi\ kw{Klw _u-Zi\w t]Pv 28
kXym-{]-Im-iw
knm-w. NmhmI knm--n-ep-]-cn-bmbn
Ch apn, A\p-am-\w, Pohm-flmhv Fn-h-
sb-IqSn AwKo-I-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-p.
XoY--c-cm-sWv _uZv-[ AwKo-I-cn-p-
--hsc ssP\cpw AwKo-I-cn-p-p. AXn-\m
Ccp-hcpw Hp-Xs. t\ct ]d km[\m
NXp-jvSbw AYhm \mep-`m-h\ - -I-fm Fm
hmk-\-I-fn \npw \nhr--ambn iq\y-cq-]-
amb \nhmW {]m]vXnapn--bmWv Ch
AwKo-I-cn-p eyw.
kzin-jy-mv Ch tbmKhpw BNm-chpw
D]-tZ-in-p-p. A{]m-]vXmY-sf {]m]n-p-
-Xn-\p ]cy-\p-tbm-K-n\v tbmK-sapw
Kpcq]- t Ziw AwKo- I - c n- p- - X n\v BNm- c -
sapw ]d-bp-p. B\m-Zn-bmb _pn, hmk\
\nanw hnhn-[X - c
- - n {]Im-in-Xa - m-Ip-p-sh-
-h hniz-kn-p-p. AXn C\n ]d-bp
Av kvI--fp-v.
Hm- a - t - X v ""cq]- h n- m- \ - t h- Z \m
kwm kwkm-c-kw-Im''. C{n-b--fn
\nv cq]w apX-emb hnj-b- {Kln-p-p.
AXv cq]-kvI-w. cm-a-tXv Be-b-hn-
m\w AYhm {]hr-n-ssh-`-h-a-dn-bp
hyh-lm-c-amb hnPvRm-\kvI--am-Wv. aqm-a-
tXv cq]-kvI-w, hnPvRm-\-kvIw Fn-
h-bn \npfhm-Ip kpJ-Zpx-JmZn {]Xo-Xn-
I-fm-Ip hyh-lm-c-amb thZ-\m-kvI-hpw
\mem-a-t-Xv, ]ip apX-emb kw-I-fpsS
_w AXmXv t]cp--h-bp-ambn tN-dn-
bp kwm-kvI - hpw Am-at- Xv thZ-
\m-kvI- - n \nv Dm-Ip cmK-tZz-jmZn
ti-fpw [am-[a-hy-h-lm-chpw tN
kwkvIm-c-kvI--hp-am-Wv.
Xo-c
- h
- n-izmkw-ZzmZ-im-bX
- \
- ]
- qP
1. tZi\m temI-\m-Ym\mw kXzm-ib him-
\pKx, `nZyt _lp-[m-temtI D]m-ssbcv
_lp-`nx-Ine
2. Kw`o-tcm-m\ t`tZl IzNntm `b-e-
Wx, `nmln tZi\m `n iq\yXm Zzb-
e-Wm. ZzmZ-im-b-X-\-]qPm t{ib-kvI-coXn
_um-a-\yt'
3. AcvYm\p ]mcvPy _lpxim- Zzm-Zi-b-X-
\m-\nssh ]cnXx ]qP-\o-bm\n Ina-ss\y-cnl
]qPnX.x
313
 ]{mw kap-mkw
4. mt\-{n-bmWn ]ssh bYm-Icvta-
{n-bm-WnN, at\m-_pncnXn t{]mw ZzmZ-
im-b-X\w _pss[.x
Aw: 1. m\n-Ifpw hnc-cpw Pohp-
cpw temI-\m-Y-cp-amb _pmZn Xo--c-
m-cpsS Xz-kz-cq-]-sa-s--dn-bp--h-cpsS,
`n hkvXp--fpsS D]-tZiw \evIp--h-cpsS
hfsc hyXykvXhpw hnhn-t[m-]m-b--fm ]d-
b-s--Xp-amb D]-tZ-i- kzoI-cn--Ww.
2. hfsc Kw`o-chpw {]kn--t`-Z--fm ]d-
b-s-Xpw Kp]vXhpw, \yq\-e-Wbp-hp-
ambn app ]d-b-s--hbpw Bb Kpcq]-tZ-i-
sf a\\w sN-Ww.
3. ZzmZ-im-b-X\ ]qP tam-Z-bm-sWv
_u hniz-kn-p-p. AXn-\p-thn [\hpw
]ZmY- fpw Hcpn ZzmZ- i m- b - X - \ -
]{v m\-hn-ti-j- Dmn kh-
{]- I m- t c- W bpw ]qPn- - W w. ap ]qP- I
sImv {]tbm-P\sampw C.
4. Ch-cpsS ZzmZ-im-b-X-\-]qP CXmWv:
sNhn, Xzv, Iv, \mv, aqv Fo Av
mt\-{nb-, hmb, ssI, Imev, Kptly-
{n-bw, D]-t-{nbw Fo Ita-{n-b-
_pn a\kv Fn-hsb kXvI-cn--Ww. AXm-
bXv Chsb B\--n {]mhr--am--Ww.
CXym-Zn-bmWv _u-a-Xw.
ZpxJ-am-sW-n {]hrn Fn\v?
temI-samw ZpxJ-cq-]-am-sW-n ChnsS
Pohn-If - psS {]h-\s - ampw Dm-Ic- p-Xm-bn-
cp-p. temIv Pohn-If - psS {]h\w {]Xy-
-am-I-bm kwkmcw -Zpx-J-cq-]-a-sv hcp-
p. CXn kpJhpw ZpxJhpw Dv. _u
]d-bp--Xp-t]mse BsW-n `-W-]m-\o-
b- Ign-p-Xpw ]Yym-N-c-Whpw Huj-[-
tk-h-\hpw sNbvXv icocw kwc-n-p--Xn
kpJw A\p-`h - n-p-Xpw Fn-\mWv? R
{]hr--cm-Ip-s-nepw CXp ZpxJw Xs-
bmWv Fp ]d- b p ]w, CXp kw`-
hytabs-m-Wp--cw. F-s-m Poh
kpJ-sas-dnv {]hr--am-hp-Ibpw ZpxJ-
sa-s--dnv \nhr--am-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p.
temI-n [a-{In-bI - , hnZy kwKw apX-
emb t{ijvT-{]-hr-n-I-sfmw -kp-J{]Z-fm-
Wv. _u-m-c-msX, temI-n hnZzm-m-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
cmcpw CXv ZpxJ-Nn--ambn Icp-Xp-n.
Cu Ap kvI- Xopw A]qW-
am-Wv. Cs\ Htcm kvI- Dm-n-
bm Hmtcm-n\pw At\Iw ]ncn-hp-I Dm-
m-hp--XmWv. _u XoY--c-msc D]-
tZ-jvSm-fpw temI-\m-Y-mcpw Bbn ImWp-
p. \mY-\m-Y-\mb ]c-amflm-hns\ -kzo-I-cn-p-
n. Cu Xo-c-mv D-]-tZiw -\-evIn-
b-Xm-cmWv? kzbw m\-apmbn Fm-sW-
n AXv Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. Imc-W-an-msX
Imcy- a p- m- h p- I - b n- . kzbw m\-
{]m]vXnbpm-Ip-sa-n hnZym-`ymkw sNm-
sXbpw hnZzmam-cp-ambn kwkw IqSm-sXbpw
Ah-cn [mcmfw hnZzmam Dm-Im--sX-
m- W v ? As\ Dm- I p- n- s - n C-
dXpw kn-]m-X-Pz-c-m-cs Ak-Xyhpw
bpn-c-ln-XhpwBb ]npw t]bpw ]pe--
em-Wv. D hkvXp Hcnepw iq\y-a-. shdpw
kqva-cq-]s {]m]n- am{Xta kw`-hn-
p-p-p. AXn-\m Cu kn-m-hpw bpn-
`{Z- a - . _u- c psS iq\y- c q- ] m- s sZzX 21
Xtzm-]-tZ-ihpw icn-b-. D hkvXp Hcn-
epw iq\y- a - . kqjv a - I m- c - W - c q- ] - a m- I m-
hpXmWv. A-Xn-\m Cu {]kvXm-hhpw icn-
b-. {Zthym-]mP\wsImv ap]d ZzmZ-
im-b-X\]qP -sN-m-sa-n ]p {]mW,
]Xn-s\m-m-as Pohm-Xvamhv Fn-hsb
Fp-sImv ]qPn-p-n? C{n-b - Ax-
I-cWw Fn-hsb ]qPn-m tamw e`n-p-
sap hniz-kn-p _u-mpw hnj-bm-
k-pw Xn-se-mWv t`Zw? hnj-b--
fn \np apn- b n- s - n ]ns- mWv
21. \ho\ thZm--ns BZn-{]-hm-N-I-\mb i-cm-
Nm-cy-cpsS Kpcp-hns Kpcp-hmb KuU-]m-Z _u-
kn-m--fn {]`m-hn-X-\m-bn-cp-p. Ch-cpsS iq\y-
hm-Z-n\v sshZn-I-cq]w \In AssZz-X-hm-Z-n\v
Poh sImSp-X - t- -la
- m-Wv. At-l - ns amWvUp-
Iy-Im-cn-I-bnse ]e Imcn-I-Ifpw AY-]-c-amtbm
i_vZ] - c- a
- mtbm _u-{K- - f - n Dv. i-cm-Nm-cy-
cpsS `mjy--sfm-gn-hm-n-smv CXv A[y-b\w
sNbvXm, KuU-]m-Zm-Nm-cy _ps henb `--
\m-bn-cp-sp {Kln-mw. kmwJy-{]-h-N-\-`m-jy-Im-c-
\mb hnm-\-`np \ho\ thZm-n-Isf {]--
_u--scp hnfn-Xv shdp-tX-b-. kmwJy-{]-h-N\
`mjy-ns XpS--n ]Zva-]p-cm-W-n\nv
GXm\w tmI- ]In-bn-p-v. AXn-semcp
tmIm-amWv ambm-hmZw AkZv imkv{Xw {]w
_u-tah N F-Xv.
314
 ]{mw kap-mkw
apn? Ch kzw Ahn-Zysb hnnXn\v
kam-\-amb DZm-l-cWw aspw Xs C.
\n-b-ambpw thtZ-iz-c\n sNbvX-Xns
^e-am-Wn-hp Inn-bXv. Hm-aXv Hcn-epw
temI-samw ZpxJ-]qW-am-sWv k-ev]n-p.
]noSv ZzmZ-im-b-X\ ]qP kwL-Sn-np. apn
-\-evI---hw Cu ZzmZ-im-b-X\ ]qP-bnse
hkvXp- temI-_m-ly-amtWm? I-Sv
cXv\w sXc-mtem s-- X-c-bm-\m-{K-ln-mtem
Bm\pw cXv\w Inptam? thZw Cuiz-c
Fn-hsb \ntj-[n-p Ch-cpsS tIfo-hn-
emkw Cs\bmbn-tm-bn. kpJ-am-{K-ln-p-
s-n thZ-sbpw Cuiz-c-s\bpw B{i-
bnv -kzw Pw k^-e-am-p-I.
hnthI hnem-k-nse _u-kn-mw-
"hnth-I-hn-emk'n -_u--aXsn
C-s\-sbgp-Xpp:--
1. _u\mw kpK-tXm-tZthm hniz
W-`w-Kp-cav Bcy-k-Xzm-Jybm Xz-N-Xp-
jvS-b-anZw {Iam-Xv.
2. ZpxJ-am-b-X\w ssNh XXx kap-Ztbm
aXx, amcvK-t-Xyky N hymJym {ItaW
{iqb-Xm-aX.x
3. ZpxJ kwkmcnW kvIm-kvtXN ]-
{]-IocvnXmx, hnm\w thZ\m kwm
kwkvImtcm cq]-ta-hN.
4. ]t-{n-bmWn i_vZmhm hnjbm ]-
am-\-kav, [cvam-b-X-\-ta-Xm\n ZzmZ-im-b-X-\m-
\n-Xp.
5. cmKm-Zo\mw KtWmbx kym-ap-tZXn
\rWmw lrZn. Bflm-flob kz`m-hmJyx k
kym-ap-Zbx ]p\x
6. WnImx kcvh-kw-kvImcm CXnbm
hmk-\m-ncm k amcvK CXn hntb kN-
tamtmf`n[obtX
7. {]Xy-m-\p-am\w N {]amWw ZznXobw
XYm, NXpx {]m-\nIm _umx- JymXm
ssh`m-jn-Im-Zbx
8. AcvtYm m\m-\zntXm ssh`m-jn-
tIW -_-lp-a-\ytX, ku{Xm-n-tI\ -{]-Xy-
-{Km-tlyfcvtYm \ _lncvaXx
9. BImc klnXm _pn-tcym-Km-Nm-cky
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kwaXm, tIhemw kwhnZw kzmw a\yt
a[yamx ]p\x
10. cmKm-Zn-m\ km\ hmk\mtZ
kw`hm NXpcv W m- a - ] n- _ u- m\mw apn-
tcjm {]IocvXnXm
11. Irnx Ia-WvU-epcvauWvUyw Nocw
]qcvhm--t`m-P-\av, kwtLm cmw-_-cXzw
N in{iotbm _u-`n-p`nx 22
1. -_u--cpsS kpK-X-tZ-h-\mb _p-`-K-hm-
\mWv ]qPy-tZ-h. PKv W-`w-Kp-c-am-Wv.
Bcy- ] p- c p- j , Bcy- k v { Xo, XzfpsS
BJym\w (kw-m-Zn-{]-kn-n) Cu \memWv
_u AwKo-I-cn-p ]Zm-.
2. Cu PKv kpJ-ZpxJ kn-{i-am-Wv.
icocw ZpxJ-ns Krl-am-Wv. XZ-\-cw kap-
Zbw AYhm cmKm-Zn-I-fp-m-Ip-p. ]noSv
amKhpw. CXns {Ia- a mb hymJym\w
tIp-I.
3. temI-n ZpxJ-tabp-p. app ]d
]-kvI-- 23 Adn-bp-I.
4. ]- m- t \- { n- b - , Ah- b psS
i_vZmZn hnj-b--fv, a\-kv (_pn AYhm
Ax- I - c - W w) [a- ns m\w Fo
]{v Bb-X-\-.
5. a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-n cmK-tZz-jmZn-I-fp-m-
Ip-Xv kap-Zbw, Bflmhv, Bflm-hns\ kw_-
n-Xv, kz`mhw Fnh BJym. CXn\nv
hopw kap-Zb-ap-m-Ip-p.
6. Fm kwkv I m- c hpw Wn- I - a mWv .
hmk\ nc- a m- I p- - X mWv _u- a mKw.
AXp-Xs, iq\y-X-zwiq-\y-cq]wB-Ip--
Xt{X tamw.
7. _u {]Xy-w, A\p-am\w Fo {]am-
W- am{Xta ssIsm-p-p-q. ssh`m-
jnIw ku{Xm-n-Iw,- tbm-Km-Nmcw, am[y-anIw
Fn-s\ Ch \mep {]Im-c-n-ep-v.
8. Ch-cn ssh`m-jn-I m\n D
AY-ns\ s]mcp-fmbn KWn-p-p. Fs-
m m\-n Cm-Xv DXm-sWv
22. hnth-I-hn-emkw 8, 265-267 kh-Zi-\-kw-{K-lw--
_u--Zi\w t]Pv 46-47 Dr-Xw.
23. t]Pv 635 t\mp-I.
315
 ]{mw kap-mkw
kn- ] p- c p- j - mv AwKo- I - c n- m h.
ku{Xmn-I {]Xy ]Zmw AI-ta-bm-
Wv, ]pd-ta-b Fp knm-n-p-p.
9. BIm-c-kln-Xhpw hnm-\-bp--hp-
amWv _pn-sb knm--m-cmWv tbmKm-
Nm- c . am[y- a n- I - c m- I s Xfn- e - S - p
m\s am{X-amsX ]Zms AwKo-
I-cn-p-n-.
10. cmKm-Zn-m\ {]hm-l-ns hmk\
\in-p-tm Dm-Ip--XmWv ap-n-sbv
\mep _ucpw ]d-bp-p.
11. arK-Naw, Ia-Wv-U-ep, apWvU\w, hevI-
e-h-kv{Xw, ]qhm--n 12 aWn-p-apv
`Ww, Hbv p ]mmbv I (kwLw)
Nph h-kv{X-[m-cWw Ch-sb-m-amWv _u-
k-\ym-kn-I-fpsS e-Ww.
Dcw: _u-cpsS kpK-X-_p- am{X-
amWv tZh-s\-n At-l-ns Kpcp Bcm-
bn-cpp? hnizw W-`w-Kp-c-am-sW-n B
hkvXp Xs Cm-Xm-Ipw. ]ns Fns
kv a cW- b m- W p- m- h pI? Wn- I - h m- Z - a mWv
_u--amK-sa-n Ch-cpsS apnbpw W-
`w-Kp-c-am-bn-cn--Ww. m\-bp--amb AY-
amWv {Zhy-sa-n PU-{Zhynepw m\w
Dm-bn-cn-Ww Ah-bpsS Ka-\m-Zn-{In-b-I
Fnem-kv]-Zn-n-cn-p-p. shfn-bn Zriy-am-
Ip- Xv F- s \- b mWv anYy- b m- I p- Xv ?
_pnbvv BIm-c-ap-s-n AXvZr-iy-am-tI-
-Xm-Wv. tIhew m\ta Bflm-hn-epq
Fn]-ZmYsf AwKo-I-cn-msX Ah-
bpsS m\s am{Xw AwKo- I - c n-
p]w Adn-tb ]Zmw CmsX
AXns Adnhv Dm-hptXb-. hmk-\m-
\m- i - a mWv apn- s b- n kp- j p- ] v X n- b pw
apIvXnbm-I-Ww. CsXmw hnZym-hn-cp---fm-
I-bm Xnc-kvI-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.
Cs\ kwt-]-ambn
_p-a-Xtn hnh-cn-p.
_pn-am-mcpw Nnm-i--cp-am-b-h Ch-
cpsSaXhpw Adnhpw Fm-sWv
a\-n-em--s. Ch-sbmw ssP\cpw
AwKo-I-cn-p-p.
ssP\aXw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
C\n _u--ssP-\-a-X-fpsS hW-\-bm-
hmw. {]I-c-W-c-Xv\m-Icw Hmw `mK-n-s\-
n \b-N-{I-km-c-n 24 C{]-Imcw Fgp-Xp-
p.
""ka-b-t`-Z-a-\p-k-cnv _u \ho-\-Xsb
Bkv ] - Z - a mn BIm- i w, Imew, Poh,
]pZvKew Fo \mev {Zhy-sf kzoI-cn-p-
p. ssP\ [am- k v X n- I m- b w, A[- am-
kvXnImbw, BIm-im-kvXnImbw. ]pZvKe - m-kvXn-
Imbw, Pohm-kvXn-Imbw, Imew Fn-s\
Bdp {Zhy--sfbpw kzoI-cn-p-p. CXn
Ime-ns\ AkvXn-Im-b-ambn KWn-p-n.
Hu]- N m- c n- I - a mbn AsXmcp {Zhy 25 am-
sWmsX hmkv X - h - n- e - m- - X mWv
ImcWw.''
Ah- b n 1. [am- k v X n- I mbw KXn- ] -
cnWman-Xz-m ]cn-Wm-as {]m]n-p
Poh\pw ]pZvK-e-hpw KXn-bpsS kmao-]y-m
kvXw`n-p--Xns "tlXp'hn\v [amkvXn-Im-
b-sap ]d-bp-p-. AXv AkwJyw {]tZ-i--
fn ]cn-am-W-fn, temI-fn hym]n-n-
cn-p-p. 26
2. A[am-kvXn-Imbw nc-X-bm ]cn-
Wm-an-bm-bn-p Poh, ]pZvKew Fn-h-bpsS
nXnbvv B{i-b-tlXphmWn-Xv. 27
3. BIm-im-kvXn-Imbw Fm {Zhy-pw
B[m-c-hpw, Ah-lm-K\w {]th-i\w \njv{I-
aWw BZn-bmb -{InbI sNp Poh-]p-Zv-
K-e-v {Inb-I sNm tlXp-hp-am-bn-
cn-p--Xns t]cm-Wn-Xv. CXv kh-hym-]n-
bm-Wv. 28
4. ]pZvK-em-kvXn-Imbw ImcW cq]-amb
24. \b-N{- I-kmcw {]I-cW - c- X
- v\m-Im-c- ns SoI-bm-Wv.
25. X{X-] - m\mw {]tZ-i] - n-WvUX - zmXv AkvXn-Im-bXzw
Ime-ky-{]-tZim `mhmXv AkvXn-Im-bXm \mkvXn,
X{X Ime D]-Nm-c-ssX-bh {Zhyav \ hkvXp hrXym
({]-I-c-W-c-Xv\m-Icw 177)
26. X{X KXn ]cn-W-Xm\mw Poh-]p-ZvK-em\mw KXyp-
]jvSw ` tlXpcv [cvam-kvXn-Imbx k Nmkw-tJyb
{]tZ-i-temI {]tZi ]cnamWx (Sn 178)
27. nXn ]cn-WXm\mw Poh-]p-ZvKe - m\w nXyp-]jvSw
`tl-Xp-c-[cvam-kvXn-Imbx k Nm kwtJyb {]tZ-i-
temI ]cn-amWx (Sn 178)
28. kh-{Z-hym-Wm-am-[mc `qtXm f hKm-lI - Xz `mhm\mw
Poh ]pZvK-em\mw Ah-Km-tlm-]jvSw `I BIm-im-
kvXn-Imbx. kNm-\ - {- ]-tZtim temIm-temI ]cn-amWx
(Sn 178)
316
 ]{mw kap-mkw
kqva\nXy GI- c k hW- K - - -
kv]iImcy-en-MvKhpw hf-cpI \in-pI
Fo kz`m-h-bp--amWnXv. 29
5. PohmkvXnImbw tNX\m e-W-bp-
hpw, m\ Zi-\--fpsS B{i-bhpw
A\- ] - c ym- b - - f m ]cn- W - a n- p- Xpw
Imhpw t`mmhpw BWn-Xv. 30
6. Imew Cu Av AkvXn-Im-b--fpsS
]cXzw A]-c-Xzw, \ho-\-X, {]mNo-\-X Fo
Nn--tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw {]kn h-am\
cq]-]-cym-b--fm bp-hp-am-Wn-Xv. 31
kao--I \mep {Zhy- {]Xn-Ww
]pXp-a-bmPn-p-sa _u-hmZw I-am-Wv.
BImiw, Imew, Poh, ]c-amWp Fnh Hcn-
epw ]pXn- b tXm ]g- b tXm Bhp- I - b n- .
Fs-m Ch Ahn-\m-inbpw Imc-Wc - q-]hpw
A\m-Zn-bp-am-Wv. ]ns-s\ Ch-bn ]pXp-
abpw ]g-hpw hcpw?
AXp-t]mse ssP\n-If - psS hnizm-khpw icn-
b-. [am-[a- KpW-am-Wv, {Zhy-a-. Ch
cpw Pohm-kvXn-Im-b-n hn-cn-p-p.
AXn-\m BImiw, ]c-am-Wp, Poh, Imew
Fn-hsb {Zhy-ambn Icp-Xn-bn-cp-s-n icn-
bm-bn-cp-p.
sshti-jn-I - n HXv {Zhy ]d-n-
cn-pXmWv icn. ]rYnhn apX-emb ]-X-
Xz-- Imew, Znv, Bflm-hv, a\-kv, Fo
HXv {]tXyI ]Zm- \nn-X-am-bn-cn-
p-p. Pohs\ am{Xw tNX-\-ambn Icp-Xp-
Ibpw Cuiz-cs\ kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw
sNp-Xv ssP\--_u--cpsS sXmb, ]-
]m-X-P-\y-amb Imcy-am-Wv.
k]vX-`-MvK-fpw kymZvhm-Zhpw
_ucpw ssP\cpw AwKo-I-cn-p k]vX-
29. GI-ck - h
- cvWK - tm Zznkv]cvix ImcyenMvKoN ]qc-
W-K-e\ kz`mh ]pZvK-em-kvXn-Imbx k N ]c-am-Wp-
cq]x (Sn 178) CXns `mjm-cw C-s\-bm-hWw
GXn GI- c - k - h W- K - - - f p- t m, cp- X cw
kv]i-ap-tm, Imcyw GXns Nn-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
hf-cp-I, \inpI Fnh kz`m-h-am-bn-cn-p-pthm
AXt{X ]pZvKe - m-kvXn-Im-bw. ]c-am-Wp-cq-]a - m-WX
- v.
30. tNX\m e-tWm-Pohx tNX\m N m\-Zi-t\m-
]- t bmKo A\ ]cymb ]cn- W man IXrI
t`mIvXrXzmZn etWm Pohm-kvXn-Imbx (Sn 179)
31. ]m-kvXn-Im-bm\mw, ]c-Xzm-]-ctXz \h ]pcm-Wm-Zn-
enMvK hy-hr-n-hcvcq] ]cymbx Imex (Sn, 180)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
`wKn kymZvhmZw Fn-h-sb-n ]d-bmw.
Hm-as `MvKw "kLSx' BWv. IpSw
AXns h- a m- \ - X - t bmSp IqSn- b - X m- W v .
AXm-bXv IpS-ap-v. IpS-ns A`m-h-n\p
hncp--am-Wn-Xv.
cm-at- Xv "AkLSx'. IpSw C. Hm-
a-tXv IpSns D. CXv IpS-ns Cm-
bva-bm cmw `MvK-am-bn.
aqm-at- -XmWv "k-k - L - Sx'. CXv IpS-
am-Wv, Fm ap-. IpS-n-s Dbpw
apns Cm-bvabpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
\mem- a - t Xv LtSm-f LSx. IpS- a mWv
Fm AIp-S-hp-amWv. IpS-n asm-ns
A`mhw Dv. AXns\ ap\nn A-`mhw
\nanw IpSa Fpw ]d-bp-p. Hcp-anv
AXn\v cpt]cv, LSw, ALSw Dm-Ip-p.
Ama-tXv IpS-ns\ ]S-sap ]d-
b-cp-Xv. IpS-n IpSXzw hyw. ]SXzw
Ahyw. BZy- t Xv hyhyw atXv
Ahhyw.
Bdm-at- Xv LS-a - m-X- ns\ LS-sap
]d-bc - p-Xv. IpSw Im IpS-am-sWp ]d-bmw.
]Sw IpS-amWv Fp ]d-b-cp-Xv.
Ggm-a-tXv ]d-bm CjvS-ap-s-nepw
B hkvXp AX-m-Xn-cn-p--XmWv k]vX-`-
MvKw.
-C-Xp-t]mse
1. kymZkvXn Pothmfbw CXn {]Ytam `MvKx
2. kymmkvXn Pothm ZznXotbm `MvKx
3. kymZ-h - thym Poh kvXrXotbm `MvKx 32
4. kymZkvXn \mkvXn cqt]m PohxXpcvtYm
`MvKx
5. kymZkvXn N Ah-thym Pohx ]tam
`MvKx
6. kymmkv X n N Ah- thym Pohx
jjvtTm `MvKx
7. kymZkvXn \mkvXn N Ah-thym Pohx
CXn k]vXtam `MvKx
1. Poh Fp ]d- b p- t m Poh- \ n
32. ChnsS 3Dw 4 Dw At\ym\yw amdn-tm-bn-p-v. kymZ-
kvXn-\m-kvXn-cqt]m Poh-kvXr-Xo-tbm-`-MvKx, kymZ-h-
thym Poh--XptYm-`MvKx Fp htc--Xm-Wv.
317
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Poh\p hncp- - a mb PU- ] - Z m- fpsS
A`mhw FXv Hmw `MvK-am-Wv.
2. Poh PU-n-e F {]kvXm-h-hp-ap-
m-Ipp. CXv cmw `MvK-am-Wv.
3. Poh ]d-b- - X - . CXv aqmw `MvKw.
4. "Poh icocw [cn-ptm {]kn-\pw,
-i-cocw hnSp-tm A{]-kn--\p-amWv' Fp
]d-bp-Xv NXpY`MvKw.
5. "Poh Dv, Fm hWn-m-hp-X - '
Fp ]d-bp-Xv ]-a-`MvKw.
6. Poh -{]-Xy--{]-amWw sImv hWn-
m-hp--X-. AXn-\m Np-n\v {]Xy--
a Fp ]d-bp-Xv Bdmw `MvK-am-Wv.
7. Hcp kabw A\p-am-\{- ]-amWwsImv Poh-
\p-spw Atms AZr-iy-am-b-Xp-
sImpw Hcp-t]mse Ccn-mXpsImpw,
{]Xn-Ww ]cn-W-an-p--Xp-sImpw, AXp
t]mse Cu Poh Dv. C; C, Dv .
Fn-s\-bp hyh-lm-chpw ]mSn-m--Xm-
Wv. CXmWv Ggmw `MvKw.
Cs\ \nXy-Xz-k-]vX-`-MvKnbpw A\n-Xy-Xz-
]vX-`-MvKnbpw kmam\y[aw, hntij-[aw,
KpW]-cn-Wmaw Fn-h-b-\p-k-cnv {]bp--am-
Ip-p. 33 {Zhy, KpW, Icv a , kz`m- h - ,
]cymb- Fn-hbvv AXn-cn-m--Xn-\m-
k]vX`MvK-pw AXn-cn-. 34 CXmWv
_u-ssP-\m-Zn-I-fpsS kymZzmZhpw k]vX-
`MvKn-\ym-b-hpw. 35
kao--I Cu {]kvXm-h-samw IqSn
At\ym-\y-`m-h-n km[ay ssh[ay--fp-
-bnv km[n-m-hp--tX-bp-q. Cu kc-f-{]-
{Inb Ifv ITn-\-cN\ \S-n-bXv Am-
\n-Isf he-bn hogvm-\m-Wv. t\mq Poh-
\n AtN-X\ -
- nsbpw AtN-X\ -
- n Poh-
sbpw A`mhw Dt-bp-v. Poh\pw PUhpw
hn-p-h-bm-Ib - m AXn km[ayhpw,
tNX-\hpw AtN-X\ - p-hp-am-Ib
- m ssh[ayhpw
33.Ghw, \nXyXz k]vX-`MvKo A\n-XyXz k]vX-`wKn
Ghw kmam-\y-[amWmw hnti-j[ - amWmw KpWm\mw
]cym-bmWmw {]tXyIw k]vX`- M- vKo. ({]-Ic - W cXv\m-
I-cw-193)
34.Ghw. ]m-kvXn-Imtb {]Xy-kvXn-Im-ba - \
- - x, k]vX-
`MvtKym `hn (Sn. 193)
35._ucv kym-Zzm-Zhpw k]vX-`-MvKn-\ym-bhpw AwKo-I-
cn-p-n-.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
AXm- b Xv Poh- \ n ssNX- \ y- ns
"AkvXn' Dbpw. PU-n \mkvXn
Cm-bvabpw Dv. CXp-t]mse PU-n PU-
Xz-ap-v. tNX-\-Xz-an-. CXp-sIm-v Kp-W-Ia
kz`m- h - - f psS kam- \ - [ ahpw, hncp- -
[ahpwNn- nv Ch- b psSsbmw kv ] X- ` -
Mv K nbpw kymZzm- Z hpw thKw {Kln- m-
hpXmWv. ]ns-n\o hf-p-sIv?
C\n ssP\-a-X-s-n am{Xw Fgp-Xmw.
1. NnZ-NnXv tZz ]tc Xtzhnth-I-kvX-Zzn-
th-N-\av. D]m-tZ-b-ap-]m-tZbw tlbw tlbw
N IpcvhXx
2. tlbw ln IcvXr-cm-KmZn XZvImcy ahn-
th-In\x, D]m-tZbw ]cw tPymXn-cp-]t- bm-ssK-
I-e--W-av.
1. ssP\, NnXv ANnXv = tNX\w, PUw
Fo ]c-X-zsf am{Xw AwKo-I-cn-p-p.
Ch-bpsS hnth-N-\-at{X hnthIw. kzoIm-cy-am-
b-Xns\ kzoI-cnv. XymPy-ambhsb \ncm-I-cn-
p--bm-fmWv hnth-In.
2. PK-XvImhnt\mSv cmKw.- P-KXv {kjvSm-
hpv F hnizmkw Fo Ahn-th-I-
XyPn--Ww. tbmK-e-n-Xhpw ]c-a-tPym-Xn-kz-
cq-]-hp-amb Pohs\ am{Xw kzocn--Ww.
Poh-s\-b-msX asmcp tNX-\-X-z-amb
Cuizcs\ kzoI-cn-p-n-. A\m-Zn-kn--amb
Cuiz-c-\n-s-mWv _u--ssP-\-cpsS hnizm-
kw.
_ussP-\ Hv cmPm-in-h-{]-kmZv
""CXn-lmkXnan-c\ - m-iI'' sa {K-n
cmPm-in-h-{]-kmZv Ch-tc-n Fgp-Xp--Xn-{]-Im-
c-amWv "Chv cp-t]-cp-I-fpv. _u
Fpw ssP\ Fpw. Ch ]cym-b-]-Z--fm-
Wv. Fm _ucn hma-amKn-Ifpw aZy-
amw- k m- l m- c n- I - f p- a m- b - h - c p- v . Ch- t cmSv
ssP\v hntcm-[-ap-v. Fm alm-ho-c,
KW- [ - c - \ mb KuX- a Fnh- c psS t]cv
_u, _p Fp hn-cn-p-p. ssP\n-
I KW[c Fpw Pn\-h-c Fpw''.
Ch-cn ssP\-sc-n cmP-in-h-{]-kmZv CXn-
lm- k - X n- a nc- \ m- i \w aqmw - J - W v U - n
Cs\ Fgp-Xp-p Bbncw hjw apv
Pohn- n- c p i- c m- N m- c yp apv `mc- X -
318
 ]{mw kap-mkw
hjw apgph\pw -_u-tcm ssP\tcm
BWp-m-bn-cp--Xv.
CXns\mcp Ipdnv: _u-sap ]d
Xn\v. alm-ho-c-sbpw KW-[-c-Ku-X-asbpw
Imew apX icmNm-cycpsS Imew hsc `mc-
X-hj-sam-msI {]N-cn-n-cp thZ-hn-cp aX-
sa-mW-Yw. Atim-I-sbpw k{-Xn-cm-Pm-
hnsbpw aX-am-bn-cpnXv. CXn\nv ssP\
Hcp Xc-nepw Hgn-hm-Ip-n-. Pn\-\n \nv
ssP\hpw _p-\n \nv _uhpw Dm-
bn. cpw ]cym-b-]-Z-fm-Wv. \nL-p--fn
cn\pw HcYw ]d-n-cn-p-p. KuX-as\
Ccp-Iq-cpw AwKo-I-cn-p-p. As-n "Zo]-
hwiw' apX-emb ]gb _u-{K---fn
imIy-ap-\n-bmb KuX-a-_p-s\ almho-c
Fs-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p-s
- X-n-\m-Wv? B Imev
cpw Hcp aX-am-bn-cp-n-cn--Ww. KuX-a-a-X-
msc ssP\ Fs-gp-XmsX _u Fv
FgpXn-bXv A\y-tZ-i-m ssP\sc _u-
scp hnfn-p-t]m--Xp-sImp am{X-am-Wv.
AactImiw
Aa-c-tIm-i-n 36 Cs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
36. Aa-c-tIm-i-Im-c-\mb Aa-c-knw-ls aXw ssP\-
tam, _u-tam, sshZn-Itam F kwibw Cpw
Xon-n-. ]WvUn-X - mv Cu hnj-b - n sFI-
a-Xy-an-. ae-bm-f-nse {]i-kvX-amb Aacw ]mc-ta-
izco Im-hmb Sn.-kn. ]c-ta-iz-c aq-Xv, Aa-c-
knw-l ssP\-\m-sW ]-m-c-\m-Wv. Aacw
]mc-ta-iz-cnv ]WvUn-tXm-Nn-Xa - mbn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p
Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn {io hS-pw-Iq cmP-cm-P-h, Aa-
c-knw-l sshZnI {_m-W\ - m-sWv kwi-bs
{]kvXm-hn-n-cn-p-p. sshZnI {_m-Wc - mWv ssP\-
cmbsX-I - mcyw ad-p-hm ]mSn. GXv aX-tbpw
Dsm-p-hm Ign-bp sshZn-I-a-X-ns A\p-
bm-bn-I, B Dsm- {]{In-b-n-S-bn ]c-a-
X-ns \ndw _pn-bnepw hrn-bnepw {]I-Sn-n-
pw. Cpw ssP\-a-X--fpsS kzm[o\w sshZn-I-a-
X-n sImSn-Ipn hmgp-p-v. _u--ssP-\
A`n--cm-bn-cn-s, Aa-c-knw-l ssP\-\m-bmepw
_u-\m-bmepw Ipg--an-. Atlw ssP\--_u--
m-cpsS ISp kzo[o-\-ap-m-bn-cp {_m-Wt\m
{Xn-bt\m Bbn-cn-m-\mWv hgn. "knwl' i_vZw
{_m-W-\m-a-n Am-epw Cpw {]Np-c-a
FXpw kvac-Wo-bw. Cm-ev `mc-Xo-b-_pn
Bwtm-C-y _pn-bm-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Am-
ev sshZn-I-_p-n, _u-\n-d-ap--Xm-bn-cp-p. Aa-
c-tIm-i-nse tmI-kwJy ]e-X-c-n-em-sWp
ImWmw. Aacw ]mc-ta-iz-cn-bn Cu tmI-kwJy 13-
14-15 BWv. Zbm-\--a-ljn Aa-c-tIm-is {]mam-
WnI ]mTy-{K--ambn AwKo-I-cn-n-n-.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
p-p. 1. kh-x-kp-KtXm _ptm [cva
cmP-kvX-Ym-KXx, ka--`t{Zm `K-h amc-Pn-
tm-I-Pn-nXx
2. jU`ntm Zi-_temfZzb-hmZo hn\m-
bIx, ap\o{x {io[\x imkvXm ap\nx imIy-
ap-\nkvXp kx
3. k imIyknwlx kcv h mcv Y x knx
iutm-Z-\n kx KuX-a-mcv-_-p
ambm-tZho kpX kx (Aa-c-tImiw 1mw
ImWvUw, kzK-hKx 810)
t\mq, _p, Pn\, _u\pw
ssP\\pw Fmw Htc t]c-t? AtXm Aa-c-
knw-l\pw sXp ]n-tmtbm?
Ahn-Zzmmcmb ssP\ kz-hpw A\yhpw
A-dn-hn-msX hXpw ]pe-n-sm-n-cn-p-p.
Fm , _p Pn\, _uw ssP\w
Fnh ]cym-b-]-Z--fm-sWv hnZzm-m-cmb
ssP\-dn-bmw.
at-Xm\pw ssP\ knm--
Poh-\mWv Cuiz-c-\m-Ip--Xv. Xo-c
apn {]m]n-p-Ibpw Cuiz-cc- m-hp-Ibpw sNp-
p. A\m-Zn-bmb Hco-iz-c-\n-. kh-,
hoX-cm-K, Al, -tI-heo, Xow-Ir-X,
Pn\ Fo-bmdpw \mkvXn-I-cpsS 37 tZh-m-
cpsS t]cm-Wv.
N{-kqcn F-bm-fns "B]vX-\n--bm-e-
mcw' F {K-n Cs\sbgp-Xp-p
1. kcvhtm hoX- c m- K mZn tZm- j -
- at\y kvss{XtemIy ]qPnXx, bYm-n-XmcvY-hmZo
N tZthmfcvl ]c-ta-izcx 38
CXp-Xs sXuXm-Xn-X 39-mcpw Fgp-Xn-bn-
cn-p-p.
2. kcvhtm Zriy-tX -Xm-h-t-Zm\o
kvaZmZn`nx, ZrjvtSm \ ssNI-tZ-tifkvXn
enMvKw hmtbm\pfam-]-tbXv
37. \mkvXn-I-cpsS _u-ssP-\-cpsS
38. kh-Zi\ kw{K-l - nse AlX Zi\w t]Pv
56-
39. XpXm-Xn-X FXv Ipam-cn-e-`-s thsdmcp t]cm-
Wv. _u ]cym-b-a-. kh-Zi\ kw{K-l-n
(t]Pv 302) bmhtm bmZr-iym-tbNm F ImcnI
Ipam-cn-e`- - s tmI-hmn-I
- ns 527-mw t]Pn
(Nu-Jw-_m-ko-co-kv, Imin) AXp-]Sn ImWmw. a-
t\Iw sXfn-hp-I-fp-n-Xn-\v.
319
 ]{mw kap-mkw
3. \NmK-a-hn[nx In-nXy kcvh-
t_m-[Ix, \N X{XmY-hm-Zm\mw XmXv]-cy-
a]n Iev]-tX.
4. \Nm-\ymcvY {][m-ss\-kvssX-kvX-Z-
kvXnXzw hn[o-btX, \Nm-\p-h-ZnXpw iIyx
]qcvh-a-ss\y-c-t_m-[n-Xx 40
1. cmKmZn tZmj-c-ln-X\pw {Xntem-I--fnepw
]qPn-X\pw, bYm-hXv ]ZmY- ]d-bp--
h\pw Bb Al-tZ-h Xs-bmWv Cuiz-
c.
2. Ctm \mw Cuiz-cs\ ImWp-n-.
AXn-\m kh-\pw A-\m-Zn-bp-amb Cuiz-
c {]Xy--\-. {]Xy--{]-amWw tNcm--
Xp-sImv A\p-am-\hpw tNcp-I-bn-. Fs-
m Hsm-cwiw {]Xy--am-b-Xn am{Xta
A\p-am\w tNcq. 41
3. {]Xy-hpw A\p-am-\hpw Cs-n
BKaw AXm-bXv \nXy\pw A\m-Znbpw kh-
-\p-amb ]c-am-flmhv t_m[n-n i_vZ-{]-
amWhpw Dm-hp-I-bn-. aqp {]am-W-fpw
Cs-n AY-hmZw AY-hm, kvXpXn, \n
]c- I r- X n- s b ]c- N - c nX hW- \ , ]pcm-
Iev]w 42 AYhm, CXn- l mkns
XmXv]cyw Fn-hbpw tNcm--Xm-hpw.
4. A\ymY{][m\w AXm-bXv _lp{holn
kam-k-n-s\-tmse ]tcm--am-bpw ]c-am-fl-
knn Dm-m-hp--X-. Atm A\p-hmZw
Gp-]-d-n FXpw Cu-iz-c-Im-cy-n
km[y-a - . D]-tZ-jvSm-fn \np tImsX
Gp ]d-bpI FXv Duln-mt]mepw Ign-
bp-I-bn-. 43
40.kh Zi\ kw{K-l-nse AlX Zi\w t]Pv
56
41.XuXm-Xn Ipam-cn-e-`-s A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb aoamw-
k-Icpw kh-\mb Cuiz-c-\n-s aX-m-cp-am-
Wv. Ah-cpsS kh JWvU-\mY-am-Wo-tmIw
XuXmXnXth-Zm-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-sW-nepw kh--
\mb Cuiz-cs\ kzoI-cn-m-Xp t]mse ssP\-cmb
Rfpw kzoI-cn-p-n-sp XmXv]-cyw.
42.kvXpXncv\n-m-]c
- I
- rXnx ]pcm-Iev] CXycvYh- mZx (\ym-
bw-2-1-64)
43.ChnsS Dr-X-amb A\ymcvY-{]-[mss\x F-Xns
AYw C-s\-bmWv A\y-Xm-Xv]-cy-t_m-[-I-amb
GsX--nepw AY-hm-Z-hm-Iy-n khs
AkvXn-Xz-n\v A\p-hm-Za - p-m-bmepw a-p-{]-am-W-
-fm At_m-[n-X-amb AYw (kh--Xzw)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ch-bpsS {]Xym-Jym\w AYhm JWvU\w
A\m-Zn-bmb Cu-iz-c Cs-n AltZ-
hs amXm-]n-Xm--fp-tSbpw apw ico-c-ns
Icp Bcp-mpw? kwtbmK Im-hns\
IqSmsX Fm Ah-b-h-fp-ap-Xpw btYm-
NnXw {-- ]-hnp--Xpamb Hcp icocw Dm-
m km[y-ta-b-. icocw \nnX ambn-cn-
p -]-ZmY PU-am-I-bm A-hbvv
D-a-c-N-\m-bp--amb ico-c-am-bn-o-cm Ign-
bp-X - - . Fs-m Ah-bn Dm-Im-\p
m\-an-. cmKmZn tZmj--fp-m-bn-cn-p-
Ibpw ]noSv Ah Cm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNp
Cuiz-c Hcn-epw Cuiz-c-\-. Fs-m
GXp-\n-an--m cmKm-Zn-I-fn \np apn-
bp- m- I p- pthm AXv hnsm- g n- b p- t m
AXns Imcy- a mb apn- b n- m- X mIpw.
As\ B apn A\n-Xy-amIpw. Aev]hpw
Aev]--hpw BbXv Hcn-epw khhpw
kh-hpw Bhp-I-bn-. Pohs kzcq]w
GI-tZ-in-bpw, KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h- ]cn-an-
Xhpw BWv. AXv Fm hnZy-I-fn-epw Fm
hn[-nepw bYm hm-hm-Ip-Ib - n-. AXn-
\m \n-fpsS XoY--c Hcn-epw Cuiz-
c-\-.
]c-am-flmhv tbmK-n {]Xy-w
\n {]Xy--am-b-Xns\ am{Xta hniz-
kn-pppthm? A{]-Xy-s hniz-kn-
nt? ImXp-sImv cq]hpw Ip-sImv -i-
_vZhpw {Kln-m-\m-Im--Xp-t]mse A\m-
Znbmb ]c-am-flm-hns\ Zin-p--Xn\v C{n-
b- kaY-a - . ipm-xI-cW
- hpw hnZybpw
tbmKm-`ymkhpwsImt ]hn-{Xm-flm-hn\v ]c-
am-flm-hns\ Zin-m Ign-bp-I-bp-q. ]Tn-
msX hnZy-bpsS {]tbm-P-\- e`n-m--
Xp- t ]mse tbmKm- ` ym- k hpw hnm- \ hpw
Fs\ A\p-hmZw sNm-\mIpw? Fs-m knn-
-Xns A\p-hmZw am{X-ta-bp-f-hm-Iq. aljn _lp-
{holn kamkw \nt-in-Xpw icn-bm-Wv. _lp-{ho-
ln-bn ]Xn-X-]Wx Fp-]-d-m Ce-ho-WXv
FYw. hr-amWv ChnsS hnh-. Ce-sIm-gn-
Xv Ce sImgn-n Fn-h-b-msX asm-ns\
{Kln--bm-Wn-hnsS sNp--Xv. AXp-t]mse ]tcm-
-`q-Xa
- mb ]c-am-flm-hnse ]c-a- B
- flm Fn-hb
- psS
kmam- \ ymY- n \n- \ y- a mb Hns\ {Kln-
mtam? ]Xn-X-]Wxbn hmNy-hkvXp {]Xy--am-
Wv. Fm ]c-am-flm-hn AX--s\-b-.
320
 ]{mw kap-mkw
CmsX ]c-am-flm-hns\ ImWm\pw Bhp-I-
bn-.
`qan-bpsS cq]mZn KpW- am{Xw I-
dnv `qan-bp-sv {]Xy---ambn Xn-s-Sp-
p--Xp-t]mse Cuiz-cs cN-\m-hn-ti-j-
fmb Nn krjvSn-bn Ip-sImv
]c-am-flm-hns\ {]Xy--am-mw. ]m]m-N-cWw
sNm XpS-p-tm AI-ta\n-pm-Ip Cuiz- c - \ n\nv A\m- Z n- i mkv { X- ns
`bhpw ibpw ebpw A-cym-an-bmb ]c-
am- fl mhp \nanapm- I p- - X m- W v . CXp-
sImpv ]camflmhv {]Xy--am-Ip-p. ]ns
A\p- a m- \ - a p- s - - X nsemWp kwibw?
{]Xy-hpw A\p-am-\hpw knn-ptXmSp-
IqSn BK-ahpw knn-p-p. AXv \nXy\pw
A\m-Znbpw kh-\ - p-amb Cuiz-c t_m[n-
n-p--Xm-Wv. AXn-\m i_vZ-{]-am-Whpw
Cuiz-c-\n-em-Wv. aqp {]am-W--fm Cuiz-
cs\ Adn- b m Poh\p Ign- b p- p- s h- n
AYhm- Z hpw KpW- { ]- i wk sNbvXv
hmgvicn-bmbn tNcpw. Fs-m \nXy-
]-Zm--fpsS KpW-Ia kz`m-hhpw \nXy-
am-bn-cnpw. Ahsb {]iw-kn-p--Xn {]Xn-
_--sam-p-an-.
a\p-jy-cpsS {]hr-n-If - n t]mepw Im-
hn-msX Hcp Imcyhpw \S-p-I-bn-m--Xp-
t]mse Cu alZvIm-cyhpw Imhn-m-sX
\S-p-saXv Xopw Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. Imcy-
an--s\-bn-cns, Cuiz-c-\p-s--Xn aqV-
\p-t]mepw ktlw Dm-Im h. ]c-am-flm-
hns\n D]- t Z- i n- p- - h - c psS hmp- I
tIm ]no-SXv Gp-]-d-bp-Xv kc-f-am-Ipw.
AXn- \ m {]Xy- m- Z n- { ]- a m- W - - sImv
Cuiz-c-J-WvU\w sNpXpw apw A\p-Nn-
X-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: -1. A\m-tZ-cm-K-a-kymcvtYm \N
kcvh BZn-am Ir{Xn-taW Xzk-tXy\
k IYw {]Xn-]m-Zy-tX.
2. AY XZz- N - t \- s s\h kh- t m-
fss\yx {]Zo-btX {]I-evt]X IYw knn-c-
t\ymf\ym {ib-tbm-kvX-tbm.
3. kcvh-tm-bm hmIyw kXyw tX\
XZ-kvXnXm, IYw XZp-`bw knt[yXv kn-aq-
em--cm-Zr-tXx 44
44. Al--Zi\w t]Pv 56-57
kXym-{]-Im-iw
1. BZn- b p kh- A\m- Z n- i m-
kv{Xn\v hnj-ba - m-hp-In. Fsm Xm
Dm-Ip--Xn\p apt Dmb AXn Xs
Imcyw Fs\ hcpw? Ak-Xy-h-N-\--fm
AXns\ Fs\ {]Xn-]m-Znpw?
2. Cuiz- c s hN- \ - sIm- pXs
Cuiz-c-knn Dm-Ip-sa-n A\m-Zn-bmb
knnbpw A\m-Zn-im-kv{X-n \nv A\m-Zn-
bmb Cuiz-cs knnbpw At\ym-\ym-{ib
tZmj-ap-m-p--Xm-Wv.
3. Fs-m kh-s hN-\-am-I-
bm thZw kXy-am-bn-cn--bpw, B thZhN\-
m Cuiz-c-knn Dm-Ip-I-bp-am-sW-n
CsX- s\ knn- m- \ mWv ? imkv { X- n-
sbpw Cuiz- c - s bpw knnbv v aqm- a -
sXmcp {]amWw thWw. CXv kzoI-cn-m
]w A\-h-m-tZmjw hp `hn-pw.
Dcw: R Cuiz-c-t\bpw Cuiz-cs
KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h--tfbpw A\m-Zn-bm-sWv
AwKoI-cn-p-p. A\m-Znbpw \nXy-hp-am-b-
hbn Hcn-epw At\ym-\ym-{ib-tZmjw hcn-
I-bn-. Imcy-n\nv ImcW m\hpw
Imc- W - n\nv Imcy- m- \ hpw Dm-
Ipp. Imcy-n Imc-W-nsbpw Imc-W-
n Imcy-n-sbpw kz`mhw \nXy-am-Wv.
AXp-t]mse Cuiz-c\pw Cuiz-cs KpW-
Ia-kz-`m-h - fpw \nXy-am-Ib- m Cuiz-c{- ]-Wo-
X-amb thZ-n A\-h - m-tZmjw hcn-Ib- n-.
\n XoYc\vamsc Cuiz-c-\mbn Icp-
Xp-Xv Hcn-epw bp-a-. amXm-]n-Xm--fn-
msX Ah-cpsS icocw Xs Dm-hp-I-bn
Fn ico-c-an-msX Ahscs\ Xm]--
cy-bn-eqsS m\hpw apnbpw t\Spw? AXp-
t]mse kwtbm-K-n\v \n-b-ambpw BZn-
bpv. hntbm-K-an-msX kwtbm-K-an-. AXn-
\m A\m-Znbpw krjvSn-Im-hp-amb Cuiz-
c-\n hniz-kn-p-I.
t\mq, Hcm F{Xtbm kn- \ m- b n- c p-
mepw ico-cm-Zn-I-fpsS cN-\m-ssh-`hw ]qW-
ambn Adn- b p- I - b n- . knnsb {]m]n
Pohmflm-hn\pw kpjp]vXn-bn Hcp m\-
hpw Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. Poh ZpxJs
{]m]n- p- t m m\hpw Ipd- b p- p.
321
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Cs\ ]cn-n kmaYy-bp-\pw, GI-tZ-
i-hm-knbpw Bb-Xns\ Cuiz-c\ - m-sWp k-
ev]n-m {`m-_p-n-I-fmb- ssP\-msX
ampw km[y-a-. Xo--c-m amXm-]n-
Xm--fn \nmWv P\n--sXp ]d-bp--]-
w, B amXm-]n-Xm- Bcn \np P\np?
AhcpsS amXm- ] n- X m- Bcn \np
P\np? Cs\ A\-h-m-tZmjw hp-Iq-Sp-
p.
BkvXnI \mkvXnI kwhmZw
{]I- c W cXv \ m- I cw cmw `mK- nse
Bkv X nI \mkv X nI kwhm- Z - s a `mK-
nse 45 tNmtZym--c- ChnsS FgpXmw.
almssP\n-I CXv k-Xn-w-Ko-I-cn-Xpw
t_mw_-bn ap{ZWw sNbvX-Xp-am-Wv 46.
\mkvXn-I: Cuiz-cs C-sImv Hpw
\S-p-Ib - n. Fmw \S-p-Xv Iaw-sIm-m-
Wv.
BkvXn-I:- Ia-amWv Fm-n\pw Imc-W-
sa-n Iaw sNp--Xmcv? Pohm-flm-hmWv
Iaw sNp--sX-n AXn\p Imc-Wamb
t{im{XmZn C{n-b- Fhn-sS-\npmbn?
A\mZnIme-\mbn, kz`m-th\ Dm-Ip--Xm-
sW-n A\m-Zn-h-kvXp-sf ]cn-Xy-Pn-m-\m-
hmsX \n-fpsS aX-n kZm-ap-n-bpsS
A`mhw Dm-bn-cn-pw. {]mK-`mhw 47 t]mse
Iaw A\m-Znbpw kmhpw BsWp ]d-
bp ]w bmsXmcp {]b-Xv\hpw IqSmsX
Ghcpw Ia-n \np \nhr-c - m-bnocpw.
Cuiz-c ^e-Zm-Xm-hs - -n Pohm-flmhv ]m]-
^-e-amb ZpxJs Hcn-epw tkzbm kzoI-
cn-p-Ib
- n. I-m tamj-W - n-\p in
kzbw A\p-`h - n-p-Ib
- - , cmPy-hy-h - b
- \
- p-k-
cnv A\p-`-hn--tb-bp-q. AXp-t]mse Cuiz-
45.{]I-c-W-c-Xv\m-I-c-nse 177-211 t]Pp-I-fn-em-Wn-Xv.
ChnsS kwt-]n--n-cn-p-p. BkvXn-I\p ]Icw
\mkvXn-I Fpw adnpw amn-bn-pv. AXm-bXv
{]I-c-W-c-Xv\m-I-c-nse ]qh-]w D-c-]--
ambpw D-c-]w ]qh-]--ambpw amn-bn-cn-p-p.
46.{]I-c-W-c-Xv\m-Icw cmw `mKw imlv `owknwKv
amWIv F- b m t_mws_ \nW- b - k m- K c
{]kn\nv hn{I-am_vZw 1933 (G.-Un. 1875) {]Im-
i\w sNbvXp.
47.{]mK-`mhw IpS-ap-m-Ip--Xn\v apv IpS-ns
A`mhw A\m-Zn-bmbn Dm-bn-cp-p. B an\nv
apsm-cn- AXo-X-Im-ev IpS-ap-m-b-Xm-hmw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
c A\p-`h - n-n-p-X - p-sIm-mWv Pohm-flmhv
]m]- ] p- W y- ^ - e - A\p- ` - h n- p- - X v.
A\yYm Ia-k--c-ap-mbn 48 Hcp-hs Ia-
^ew asm-cp-h A\p-`-hn-p-hm CS-bm-Ipw.
\mkv X n- I : Cuiz- c A{In- b - \ m- W v .
Fs-m Iw sNp ]w Ia-^-
ehpw A\p-`-hn--Ww. AXn-\m ssIheyw -
{]m]nap-msc R A{In-b-cmbn ]cn-
K-Wn-p--Xp-t]mse \nfpw Icp-X-Ww.
BkvXn-I : Cuiz-c A{Inb-\-. k{In-
b-\mWv tNX-\a - m-Ib
- m Fp-sImv Im-
hm- b n- qSm? Im- h n\v {Inb- b n\nv
thdnp \nev m\pw km[y- a - . \nfpsS
Xo--ccmb Ir{Xna Cuiz-c-m Pohm-Xvam-
hn\n-p-m-b-Xm-sWp \n hniz-kn-
pw]Sn hn-Zzmmcpw hniz-kn-p-n-. GsX-
nepw \nan- n\np- m- I p- Xv A-
\nXyhpw ]c-m-[o-\hpw Bbn-cn-pw. Cuiz-c
BIp-X - n\p apv AXv Poh-\m-bncp-p. ]noSv
GtXm \nan--m Cuiz-c-\m-bn. Fn
AXv hopw Poh BIpw. kzw Poh-Xz-kz-
`m-hs Hcn-epw shSn-bp-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-
. Pohm-flmhv A\-Im-e-am-bp--Xm-Wv. A\-
-Imew hsc \ne-\n-evp-Ibpw sNpw. AXn-
\m A\m-Znbpw kzbw kn-\p-amb Cuiz-
cs\ hniz-kn-p-I-bmWv DNn-Xw.
t\mq, Cu ka-bpw Pohm-flm- ]m]-
]p-Wy- sNpp, kpJ-Zpx-J--f-\p-`-hn-p-
p. Cuiz- c CsXm- c n- epw sNp- n- .
Cuiz-c {Inbm-hm-\-m-bn-cp-s-n Cu PK-
n-s\sbmw Fs\ Dm-p-am-bn-cpp?
Iaw {]mK- ` mhw t]mse A\m- Z nbpw
kmhpw BsWv hniz-kn-m Iaw ka-
hmb _n 49 hcn-I-bn--. ka-hmb
_-an-m-Xv kwtbm-K-P-ambn A\n-Xy-am-bn-
o-cpw. apn-bn {Inbm-cl - n-X\
- m-sW-ntem?
ap- P o- h m\- h mt\m Am- tXm?
m\- h m- s \- n Ax {Inbm- h m- \ mbn.
]t Ctm A`mhw A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. \ap--dn-hn-m-
-Xp-sImv! IpS-ap-m-b-tm B A\m-Zn-bmb
A`mhw Ah-km-\n-p. CXt{X kmhpw A\m-Zn-bp-
amb A`m-hw.
48. Iaw AtN-X\- a
- m-Wv. AXn-\m Ia-n\v AXns
Im-hns\ Adn-p-Iq-Sm. AXn-\m Fhn-sS-sb-
nepw _-s-m Ia-k-cw Dm-Ip-p.
322
 ]{mw kap-mkw
apn-bn -I-p-t]mse PUamIptam? HcnSv
Hpw sNmsX hoWp-In-S-ptam? Fn-se-
mWv apn? A- I m- c - nepw _- \ -
nepw hoWp-t]m-I-em-WnXv!
\mkvXn-I: Cuiz-c hym]-I-\-. hym]-
I-\m-sW-n Fm hkvXp-fpw tNX-\-am-Im-
-sXv? {_m-W, {Xn-b, sshiy,
iq{Z apX-emb D-a--a-[y-a--\nIrjvS Ah-
-I-sf--fs\ hp-IqSn? -Fm-nepw Cuiz-
c Hcp-t]mse hym]-I-\m-sW-n hep--s-
dpw Dm-bn-q-SmXmWv.
BkvXn-I: hym]yhpw hym]-I\pw H-
. hym]yw GI-tZinbpw hym]-I k-tZ-
in-bp-am-Wv. BImiw Fmnepw hym]-I-am-Wv.
`qan apX- e mb k- L - S - ] - S m- Z n- I fpw 50
hym]yhpw GI-tZ-in-bp-am-Wv. ]rYn-hnbpw BIm-
ihpw H- m- - X p- t ]mse Cuiz- c \pw
PKpw H- . Fm LS- ] - S m- Z n- I - f nepw
BImiw hym]-I-am-sW-nepw LS-]-Sm-Zn-I
BIm-i-a-. AXp-t]mse tNX-\-\mb Cuiz-
c Fhn-sSbpw hym]-I-\m-sW-nepw Fm
hkvXp--fpw tNX-\-a-. hnZzm\pw aqV\pw
[n-jvT-\pw, A[anbpw Hcp-t]mem-Xp-
t]mse hnZymZn kZvKp-W-, kXy-`m-j-Ww,
kXy-Iaw, kz-`mhw apX-em-bh - b
- psS \yq\m-
[n- I y- a - \ p- k - c nv {_mW sshiy iq{Z -
AyPmZn-Isf hepXpw sNdp-Xp-ambn KWn-
p-p. hW-hy-h-- \memw kap-m-k-n
hymJym-\n-n-p-Xv t\mp-I.
\mkvXn-I: Cuizc cN-\b - m-emWv krjvSn-
bp-m-Ip--sX-n amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS Bh-
iy-sav?
Bkv X n- I :- Cuiz- c ob krjv S n- b psS
Imhv Cuiz-c-\m-Wv. ssPh-kr-jvSn-I-fp-tS-
X-. Pohn-I-fpsS I-hy-I-aw Cuiz-c
sNp-Ib - n-. Poht\ sNq. hr-^eHuj-
[m- Z n- I Cuiz- c - \ p- m- n. Ah- s b- S pv
CSnpw s]mSnpw Bh-iy-amb ]ZmY-fp-
m-n, `n-m-Xn-cp-m ]Icw Cuiz-c
Xs CsXmw sNptam? Pohm- fl m-
49.Zmi-\nI kwtbmKw cp-Xc -
- n-em-Wv. Hv kwtbm-
KPw atXv kma-hm-bn-Iw. ka-hm-b-_w KpWhpw
KpWnbpw Iahpw Ia-hm\pw Ah-b-hhpw Ah-b-
hnbpw PmXnbpw hynbpw Xn-ep--Xm-Wv. CXv
\nXy-am-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sNm ]w Pohn-Xta Dm-hn-. AXn-
\m BZn-kr-jvSn-bn Pohs ico-c-fpw
AXns Icp-fpw Dm-p-Xv Cuiz-cm-[o\
hrnbpw, ]noSv ]p{Xm-ZnIfpsS Dev]-n
Pohm-[o-\-{]-hr-n-bp-am-Wv. 51
\mkvXn-I: ]c-am-flmhv imiz-X\pw A\m-
Znbpw NnZm-\-hpw m\-kz-cq-]hpw Bbn-
cns PK-ns \qem-am-e-I-fnepw ZpxJ-n-
epw Fn\p hp-s]-Sp-p. B\w hns-dnv
ZpxJs kzoI-cn-p-Is - bXv km[m-cW a\p-
jyt]mepw sNp-I-bn-. ]ns Cuiz-c-s\-
s\ sNpw?
BkvXn-I: ]c-am-flmhv Hcp \qem-am-e-
bnepw ZpxJ-nepw hp-s]-Sp-n-. kzw
B\w XyPn-p-p-an-. \qem-am-e-I-fnepw
ZpxJ-nepw hp-s]-Sp-hm GI-tZ-in-bm-b-
Xns\ Ign-bq. ktZ-inv km[y-a-. A\m-
Znbpw NnZm-\-hpw m\-kz-cq-]-hp-amb ]c-
am-flm-hn-\
- msX amv Cu PK-p-m-m
Ign- b pw? PK- p- m- m Pohm- fl m- h n\v
kmaYy-an-. ]c-am-flm-hp-Xs PK-p-m-p-
Ibpw kZm B\- - n hn- p- I bpw
sNpp Fv CXn\nv kn-ambn. ]c-am-
flmhv ]c-am-Wp--sf-sImv krjvSn-p--Xp-
t]mse, amXm-]n-Xm--fm-Ip \nan--Im-cWw
sImpw DXv]-n-p i-h--fpw \nb-
ahpw Dm-nhn-cn-p-p.
\mkvXn-I: Cuiz-c apn-cq-]n-bmb
kpJs XyPnv PK-rjvSn]m-e\ - w{]fbw
apX-emb `mc--tf--sX-n\v?
BkvXn-I: Cuiz-c kZm ap-\m-Wv. -
G-ItZ-in-Ifpw _\ kZr-i-amb apnsb
{]m]n XoY-c-mtc-tmseb k\m-X-\-
\mb Cuiz-c. A\--amb KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-
ap ]c-am-flmhv AXn-Xp-a - mb Cu PK-ns\
cNnv ]menv {]f-bn-n-p-p-sh-nepw _-
\-n hcp-n-. Fs-m _-\hpw
tamhpw kmt]- n- I - a m- W v . _- \ s
At]-nv apnbpw apnsb At]-nv
_-\hpw `hn-p-p. Hcn-epw _-\ - m--
Xn\v apn-sb-mWv? GI-tZ-in-bmb Poh
50. LSw ]Sw Fnh cp-h-kvXp-sf kqNn-n-m
D]-tbm-Kn-p Zmi-\nI kw-I-fm-Wv. IpSw,
XpWn FYw.
51. t]Pv 349 apX t\mp-I.
323
 ]{mw kap-mkw
am{Xta Ftmgpw _t\m apt\m BIp-
pq. A\-\pw kh-tZ-inbpw, kh-hym-
]-I-\p-amb Cuiz-c _-\-ntem ss\an-
n-I-amb apn-bntem \n-fpsS XoY-c-
m-sc-tmse hp hogp-n-. AXn-\m ]c-
am-flmhv -Ftm-gpw Xs ap-\m-Wv.
\mkvXn-I: amZ-I-h-kvXp- D]-tbm-Kn-
p-tm aZw X\ntb Dm-Ip-Xpt]mse
Poh- Ia-^ew A\p-`-hn-p-sImpw, CXn
Cuiz-c\v Imcy-sam-p-an-.
BkvXn-I: I-mcpw Ip-hm-fn-Ifpw
ZpjvS-mcpw kzbw Imcm-Kr-l-hm-ktam Xqp-
in-jtbm kzoI-cn-p-I-bn-. kzoI-cn-m
B{K-ln-p-Ib - p-an-.- cmPys \ymb hyh--
{]-Imcw _em-evm-c-ambn ]nSn-IqSn inn--
bmWv ]Xn-hv. CXp-t]mse Poh\pw Cuiz-c
kzw \ymb-hy-h--{]-Imcw kzw, kzw
Ia--\p-k-cnv bYm-tbmKyw in-\-
evIp-p. Hcp Poh\pw kzw Zp-jvIns
^e-a-\p-`-hn-m B{K-ln-p-n-. AXn-\m
]c-am-flm-hns \ymbm-[o-iXzw Dmtb Ign-
bq.
\mkvXnI :- PK-n Hco-iz-c-\-p--Xv.
adnv F{X ap Pohm-flm--fptm Ah-
scmw Cuiz-c-m-cm-Wv.
BkvXn-I:- CXp shdptX ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv.
Fs-m Hcn- _-\mbn apnsb
{]m]n-p-b - m hopw _-\ - n s]Spw.
kz`m-th\ ap-c-m--XmWv Imc-Ww. \n-
fpsS Ccp-]-n-\mev Xo--c-mcpw _-cm-
bn-cp-p. ]noSv ap-cmbn hopw _-cmIpw.
IqSmsX At\Iw Cuiz-c-m-cp-m-bm Poh-
I-sftmse Ahcpw Ie-ln-pw.
\mkv X n- I : aqVm- fl mth! PK- n\v
Im-hn. kzbw kn-amWo PK-v.
BkvXnI: CXv ssP\n-I-fpsS F{Xtbm
alm aqV- h n- i zm- k - a mWv ! Im- h n- msX
FsX-nepw Iatam Ia-an-msX GsX-nepw
Imcytam temI-n Dm-bn-m-Wpptm?
tKmXv hb-en hp-Xs kzbw s]mSnv
A-ambn ssP\-cpsS hb-n sNp Fp
]d-bp--Xn\p kam\amWv. ]n Hcn-epw
X\ntb \qepw XpWnbpw AwKhkv{Xhpw,
cmw appw, thjvSnbpw Xe-m-hp-ambn hcp-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n-. Cs\ kw`hnmbvIbm Cuizc
Ir- X z- a n- msX hnhn[ PKpw cN\m
hntij-ssh-hn-[yhpw Fs\ Dm-Im-\mWv?
imTyw ]nSnv PKv kzbw kn-am-sWv
hniz-kn-m app ]d hkv{Xfpwapw
Im- h n- msX {]Xy- - a m- n- - c - W w.
As\- sN-m\m-hn-s-n \nfpsS {]am-
W-c-ln-X-amb hmp-I GXv _pn-am-\mWv
hniz-kn-pI?
\mkvXn-I: Cuiz-c hnc-t\m tamln-
Xt\m? hnc-IvX-s\-n PK-ns \qem-am-e-
I-fn s]-sX-n\v? tamln-X-s\-n PKXv
\nam-W-n\v kaY-\m-hpI-bp-an.
BkvXn-I: Cuiz-c-\n Hcn-epw hnc-
nbpw tamlhpw C. kh-hym-]-I-\mb
Cuiz-c GXns\ Xpw GXns\ sImpw?
Cuiz-c-t\-m D-atam Cuiz-c\v A{]m-
]ytam Bbn Hcp hkvXp-hp-an-. AXn-\m
Hnepw -tam-l-an-. hnc-nbpw Bk-nbpw
Pohm-flm-hn\p tNcpw. Cuiz-c\p tNcp-I-bn-.
\mkvXn-I: Cuiz-cs\ PK-XvImhpw
Pohs Ia-^-e-Zm-Xmhpw Bbn Icp-Xn-bm,
Cuiz-c {]m]-nI ZpJ-nsv ZpxJn-X-
\mhpw.
BkvXn- I : hnhn[ Ia- - f psS
Imhpw, Pohn-I-fpsS ^e-Zm-Xmhpw [man-
I\pw, \ymbm-[o-i-\p-amb hnZzm Ia--
fns]-Sp-Itbm {]m]-nI-\m-hp-Itbm sNp-
nsn A\ kmaYy-bp--\mb Cuiz-
c Fs\ {]m]- n- I t\m ZpxJn- X t\m
BIpw? \n \n-tf-tm-sebpw Xo--
c-m-sc-tm-sebpw Cuiz-cs\ Icp-Xp-p-m-
hmw. CsXmw Ahn- Z y- \ n- a n- - a m- W v.
AXn\np hnSp-X B{K-ln-p-s-n
thZmZn kXy- i m- k v { X- sf B{i- b n- pI.
hn{`a-Pm-e-n s]s-p-g--sX-n-\m-Wv.
ssP\-cpsS PKv
ssP\ PK-ns\ Fmbn Icp-Xp-p-
shv Ah-cpsS kq{X--fn ]d-n-cn-p--
Xp-t]mse hnh-cn-mw. Hm-aXv kwt]-
ambn aqemYw ]d-bp-Ibpw ]noSv t\cpw
Ihpw Fsp kao-bpw sNmw.
aqew: kman- A-WmC AWt ND-KCu
kwkm-c-tLm-c-Im-mtc, tamlmC I-Kp-cp-
324
 ]{mw kap-mkw
TnC hnhm-K-h-kD `aC Pothm. 52
({]-I-c-W-c-Xv\m-Icw, 2mw `mKw, kayz-
kz-cq-]-kvX-hw, kqx2)
CXv {]I-c-W-c-Xv\m-Icw cmw-`mKw F-
{K--n kay-z{]-Imiw F {]I-c-W-
n KuX-a\pw alm-ho-c\pambp kwhm-Z-
am-Wv. CXns kwn-]vXhpw D]-bp--hp-amb
AY-an-XmWv: Cu kwkmcw A\m-Znbpw A\-
-hp-am-Wv. AXns DXv]n Dm-bn-n-.
\mi- a p- m- h p- I - b p- a n- . AXm- b Xv Bcpw
krjvSnX CsX-Yw. AXp-sIm-mWv
BkvXn-I-\m-kvXnI kwhm-Z-n, tl aqV!
PK-ns Im-hmbn Bcp-an. Hcn-epw
\in-p-I-bp-an Fp ]d-Xv. 53
kao--I: kwtbm-K-m Dm-Ip-Xv
Hcn-epw A\m-Znbpw A\-hpw BIp-I-bn-.
Dev]-nbpw hn\m-ihpw Dm-ImsX Iaw
C. PK-n Dm-Ip--h-sbmw DXv]n
hn\m- i - - t fm- S p- I q- S n- b - X m- s Wp ImWmw.
]ns--s\-bmWv PKv DXv]n hn\m-i--
fn- m- XmIp- - X v . AXn- \ m \n- f psS
XoYc-mv icn-bmb t_m[-an-mbn-cp-p.
Dm-bn-cp-s-n Ccw Akw-`-hy-Imcy-
sfs\sb-gpXn?
\n Kpcp- - mv tN injy-
mXs. \n-fpsS hmp-I tIp--
hpw Hcn-epw ]Zm-m\w Dm-hp-
I- b n. {]Xy- - a mbn kwbp- - ] - Z mw
Inpw AXns DXv ] n hn\m- i -
AwKo-I-cn-m--sXv? AXm-bXv Ch-cpsS
Kpcp- - mpw ssP- \ n- I pw `qan- i m-
kv{Xhpw tPymXn-xim-kv{Xhpw Adn-hn-m-bn-cp-
p. Ctmgpw Chv Adn-hn-. Dmbncps-
n C\nsbgp-Xp Akw-`h - y-Im-cy- hniz-
kn-bpw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNp--sX-s\?
Cu krjvSn-bn "]rYn-ho-Imbw' ]rYnhn
Pohs ico-ca - m-Wv. Pe-Im-bm-Zn-Ifpw Poh-\mWv
Fp Icp-Xp-p. CXv Bpw kzoI-cn-m-hp-
52.AYw C{]-Im-ca - mWv: tl kzman! Cu A\m-Znbpw
A\-hpw \mep-KX - n-If
- p-X
- p-amb kwkm-cc
- q-]n-bmb
tLmc-h-\-n taml-\o-bmZn Ia--fpsS DXvIr-
jvS-n-Xn-hn-]m-I-n ^e-n\p hio-{`-X-ambn
Poh {`aWw sNp-p.
53.aqVm-flm-th, PK-n\p Im-hn-. kzbw-kn--
amWo PKv (apt]Pv t\mp-I)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
-X-. C\n-bp-apv anYym-hm-p-I ssP\n-
I Cuiz-c\mbpw kay-Ivm\n-If - mbpw Icp-
Xp Xo-mc-m-cpsS anYy{]e-]-\-v
GXm\pw DZm-l-cWw ]d-bmw.
cXv\-kmcw 1mw `mKw 145-mw t]Pn
ssP\ AwKo-I-cn-p {K-am-WnXv 1879
G{]n 28-mw XobXn _\m-d-kn ssP\-{]-
`m-Ic {]n \m\-IvN - vPXn A-Sn-nv {]Im-
i\w sNbv X - X mWv AXn Ime- ns
hymJym\w Cs\ \evIpp:
""AXm-b-Xv, ka-b-n\v kqva-Im-e-sap
t]. Akw-JymX ka-b-n\v Bhen Fpw
]d-bp-p. Hcp-tImSn Adp-]-ntbgp-e-n
Fgp-]X- n-\m-bn-cn Hcp-\q-n-X- n-\v (16770115)
Bh- e n- I Hcp aplq- h pw, apXp
aplqw Hcp Znh-khpw ]Xn-\p Znhkw
Hcp ]hpw cp ]w Hcp amkhpw
]{p amkw Hcp hj-hp-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse
Fgp- ] - X p- e - n A- m- d m- b n- c w- t ImSn
hjw Hcp ]qhhpw, Akw-JymX ]qhw Hcp
]teym-]a Ime-hp-am-Wv. Akw-Jym-X-sa--
Xns kmc-an-XmWv: \mep-tImiw 54 NXp-c-
n A{Xbpw Bg-n Hcp InW Ipgnv
AXn PqKp-enb a\p-jy-cpsS tcmaw C\n ]d-
bpw-hw Xm-dmn \nd-bv-Ww. PqKp-enb
a\p-jypsS tcma- Cp a\p-jy-cpsS
tcma-t-m \mem-bn-c-n-sXm-q-m-dwiw
sNdp-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv PqKp-enb a\p-jy-cpsS
\mem-bn-c-n-sXm-q-m-dv tcma- tNs-
nte AXm-bXv PqKp-enb a\p-jy-cpsS \mem-
bn-c-n-sXm-qmdp tcma-- tNsnte
Ctm-gp a\p-jys Hcp tcma-am-Iq. PqKp-enb
a\p-jys Hcw-Kpew \of-ap apSn Ggp-X-hW
Fsp Ij-W--fm--Ww. Atm Ccp-]-Xp-
e--n-sXm-q-t-gm-bn-cn \q--n-cv
Ij-W-amIpw (2097152) C{]-Im-c-ap -Hmtcm
Ij-W-sImv app ]d InW \nd-
bv-Ww. AXn \nv \qdp-sImw CS-hnv
Hmtcm IjWw FSp--Ww. Ij-W-sfmw
FSpv Xov InW Hgn-bp-tm A{Xbpw
Ime-n\v kwJym-X-Imew Fp ]dbpw. Ah-
bn \nv Hmtcm Ij-Whpw A\-h[n Ij-
W-fmn, ap-If - nqSn N{I-hn-bpsS ]S
IS-p-t]m-bmqSn Aa-cm-h - w InW-dn
54. GI-tZiw 2 ssa
325
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Ipn-\n-d-bv-Ww. ]noSv Hmtcm Ij-Ww-
hoXw \qdp-sIm--n-sem-cn- FSp--Ww.
InW Hgn-bp-tm Akw-JymXw ]qh--
fmbn AXn\nv ]teym]a-Im-ehpw KWn-m-
hp--Xm-Wv.
]p-tImSntImSn ]teym-]-a-Imew Ign-bp-
tm Hcp kmK-tcm-]-a-Im-e-ambn. ]p-tImSn
kmK-tcm-]a - I
- mew Hcp D]-Wn. Hcp D]-
Wnbpw Hcp Ah-k]-Wnbpw 55 IqSp-Xv Hcp
Ime-N{Iw. A\-I - m-eN
- {Iw Ign-bp-tm Hcp
"]pZvK-e-]-cm-hr'amIpw.
A\-I - m-es - ap ]d-bp-s - X-mWv? kn-
amb ]pkvX-I-fn \h-Zr-jvSm---fm
Ime-kw-Jy-K-Wn-n-p-v. AXn-\p-tij-ap-Xv
A\--Im-e-am-Wv. A\--]p-ZvKe ]cm-hr--
Imew Poh Id-n-n-cn-bp-p. CXymZn-bmWv
knm--.
KWn-X--mcp tImepw. ssP\{K-
fn \nv Ime-kwJy KWn-m-\m-Iptam
Ctbm? CsXmw kXy-am-sWp hniz-kn-m-
\m-Iptam? XoY--c-m ]Tn KWn-X-hn-Zy-
bmWnXv! C-s\-sbmw Ch-cpsS aX-n
Htsd Kpcp-in-jy-m-cp-v. Ah-cpsS Am-
\-n\v Hc-Xn-cp-an-.
C\nbpw A-Imcw ImWq. cXv\-kmcw
Hm-`m-K-ns 134-mw t]Pn apX Ipsd
Aq---Y-I Dv. Ch ssP\-kn-m-- Fn- h bv v Hmtcm tbmP- \ - bmWv ico- c w.
fpw Ej-`t- Z-h apXp Ccp-] - n-\mev
Xo--c-m-cpsS hN-\-km-ckw{Kl-hp-am-Wv.
CXp-t]mse 148-mw t]Pn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-pp:-
- ""]rYn-ho-Im-b-nse Poh-m-cmWv apw
Ipw apw AXn-\p-n D Pohm-flm-hns
ico- c - ] - c n- W maw Hcw- K p- e - ns Akw- J y-
Xmwiw AYhm AXy kqva- a m- W v.
AXns Bbpkv At-bw Ccp-] - ocm-bncw
hj-am-Wv.''
XpSv Ahn-sS-s ""ac-ns Hcp ico-
c-n A\ -Po-hm-cp-v. Ahsb km[m-
cW h\-kv]-Xn-I-fmbn KWn-p-p. -I-aq-e-
{]ap-Jhpw, A\--Im-b-{]-ap-Jhpw Bb-hsb
55.ChnsS Ah-k]-Wn-bpsS Imew \nt-in-n-n-.
D]Wn FXv Ignv A{X-bpw-Imew Hcp Ah-
k]Wn Fp-IqSn th-Xm-bn-cp-p. aqe-ns
]In hnp-t]m-b-Xm-hmw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
km[m-cW h\-kv]-Xn-bpsS Poh Fp ]d-
b-Ww. AXns Bbpv A\--ap-lq-am-
Wv.'' ChnsS t\ct Fgp-Xnb aplqw
kvac-Wo-bw.
Hcp ico-c-n Hcp C{nbw am{X-ap
AXm-bXv kv]ti-{nbw am{X-ap--Xn Hcp
Poh hkn-p-p. AXns\ {]tXyI h\-
kv]Xn Fp ]d-bp-p. AXns tZlw Hcm-
bncw tbmP-\-bm-Wv. ]pcm-W-m-cpsS tbmP\
4 tImi-am-Wv. Ans\ \mem-bncw tImi-ap
ico-c-am-W-Xv. AXns Bbpv IqSn-bm ]Xn-
\m-bncw hj-am-Wv.''
""C\n cn- { n- b - - f p Poh BWv .
AXn\v ico-chpw apJhpw Dv. iwJv, Ih-Sn,
t] apX-em-b-h-bm-Wn-Xv. AXns ico-c-h-
epw Ghpw IqSn-bXv \mev-sp tImi-am-
Wv. Bbpv IqSn-bm ]{p hjhpw.''
kao- - I : ChnsS henb sXp- ] n.
C{Xbpw henb ico-c-n\v Bbpp Iqn
Fgp-Xm-am-bn-cp-p. \mev]-s-p-tIm-iw hep-
-ap t] ssP\-cpsS tZlp Ib-dn-m-
Wpw. Ah IpwImWpw. C{Xbpw henb
t]\ns\ ImWm amv Fhn- s S- b mWv
`mKyw.
C\nbpw ImWq Byw! cXv\-kmcw Hmw-
`mKw 150-mw t]Pn ""tX, aq, sNv, Cu
Bbpv Bdp-am-k-hpw.''
kao--I:- \mep tImiw hep--ap
tXfns\ amcpw In-cn-bn-. Fp ssaep
tXfpw Cubpw ssP\- a - X - n- e p- v . Cu
tXfpw Cubpw Ah-cpsS hon-emhmw ]mv!
Ah-c-msX temI-n-emcpw Chsb In-
cn-p-I-bn-. C-c-samcp tX ssP\nsb ISn-
m Abm-fpsS KXn-sb-mIpw!
Pe-Nm-cn-I-fmb ay--fpsS icocbfhv
Hcm-bncw tbmP\]-Xn-\mbncw tImiw Hcp
tbmP-\-sbp IW-n {]Imcw Hcp-tImSn
tImi-am-Wv. Hcp-tImSn ]qh-hj--fmWv
Bbpv!
kao--I:- C{Xbpw henb Pe-Po-hn-Isf
ssP\nIfmsX Bcpw In-cn--bn-.
\mevm-en-bmb B\-bp-tSbpw apw ico-c-
n\v cp-ap-X HXv tImiw-h-sc-bmWv
326
 ]{mw kap-mkw
hepw. Bbpv F]- n- \ m- e m- b ncw
hjhpw.
kao--I:- C{X henb Poh-I-tfbpw
ssP\ In-cn-mw! hniz-kn-p-p-ap-m-
Imw. _pn-am-mmpw hniz-kn-m h.
Pe-Nm-cn-Ifpw K`-P-fp-amb Pohn-I-fpsS
ico-c
- n\v Hcm-bncw tbmP-\b - mWv Hcp-tImSn
tImiw hepw, Bbpv, HcptImSn ]qh-
hj--fpw.
C{X- h - e nb ico- c hpw Bbp- papsb
ssP\m-Nm-cy-m kz]v\n In-cn-mw.
Hcn-epw kw`-hn-m alm-I---ft
CsXmw?
ssP\-cpsS `qan-imkv{Xw
C\n Ch-cpsS `qan-bpsS hepw t\mp-I.
cXv\-kmaw Hmw `mKw 152mw t]Pn ""Cu
EPp-h-m temIn Akw-JymXw Zzo]p-
Ifpw kap- { Z- fpw Dv . Akw- J ymXw
FXn\v cc kmKtcm]aIme-n-ep-{X
kabw Zzo]p-Ifpw kap-{Z-f - pw Fm-Ww.''
Cu ]rYn-hn-bn HmatXmb Pw_p-Zzo]v
Fm Zzo]p-I-fp-tSbpw \Sp-m-Wv. CXn\v Hcp
ew tbmP\ AYhm Hc_pZw tImi-am-
Wv. 56 hnkvXow. CXn-\v \mep-Nppw eh-
W-k-ap-{Z-am-Wv. AXns hnkvXow cp-
ew tbmP\ AYhm c_pZw tImihpw.
Cu Pw_p Zzo]ns \mep-h-ipw [mX-Io-J-
Wv U - s a Zzo]pv . CXn\v \mep- e w
tbmP\ \me_pZw tImiwhnkvXm-c-hp-ap-v.
AXn\p ]nn Imtem-Z[n F kap-{Z-amWv.
AXns hnkvXow Fp ew tbmP\
F_pZw tImiw BWv. AXn\p ]nn
]pjv I cm- h - s a Zzo]p- v . AXns
hnkvXow ]Xn-\mdv ew tbmP\ ]Xn-
\mdv A_pZw tImiw BWv. B Zzo]ns
Dn Ippw Ipgn-bp-am-Wv. ]Ip-Xn--ev
a\p-jy hkn-p-p. AXn-\p-a-p-dw Akw-
JymXw Zzo]p-Ifpw kap-{Z-fpapv. Ahbn
XncyIv hKw ]mp-p.
cXv \ kmcw Hmw- ` mKw 153- mwt]Pn
""Pw_p-Zzo-]n Hcp lna-hw, Hcp sFcWvUh-
w, Hcp lcn-hjw, Hcp cayIw, Hcp tZh-
56. Hc_pZw ]p-tIm-Sn-bm-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ipcp, Hcp D-c-Ipcp Fn-s\ Bdp-{]-tZ-i-
-fp-v.
kao--I:- `qan-im-kv{X-a-dn-bm-hp--h
tI- W w. `qan- b psS Af- s h- S p- - X n
\ntm ssP\tm sXn- b Xv?
ssP\m-sW-n \n-fh - v ]d-p-sIm-
Sp- p- I . \nv ssXn- s b- n Ah-
cn\nv {Kln-p-sIm-pI. sXsmp Nnn-
m Hcp Imcyw hy--amIpw. ssP\nIfpsS
BNmcymcpw injy-mcpw `qan-im-kv{Xtam,
IWtm Hpw ]Tn--h-c-, Bbn-cp-s-n
Cu \S-mImcy- ]pfp-h-Sn-p-am-bn-
cptm?
Ccw AhnZzmam, PK-n\v Im-
hn Fpw, Cuiz-c-\n Fpw apw hniz-
kn-p--Xn-se-m-W-cyw? CXp-sIm-mWv
ssP\n- I Ah- c psS {K-
hnZzmamtm A\y-a-X-tm \Im-
Xv. {]mam-Wn-I-cmb Xo--c-m cNn
knm--{K---sfv Ch Icp-Xp Cu
{K- - f n \ndsb Ahn- Z ym- b p- - a mb
Imcy-fm-Wv. AXp-sImv ImWm-\-\p-h-Zn-p-
I-bn-. Im In shfn-m-Ip-a-tm.
Ch-msX, Aev]-sa-nepw _pn-bp--
hmpw Hcn-epw Cu ]pf-h-[ym-b-
kXy-am-sWp tXmp-I-t]mepw C.
PK-ns\ A\m-Zn-bm-m!
Cu \qem-am-e-I-sfmw Dm-n-bn-cn-p-
Xv PKv A\m-Zn-bm-sWv m]n-m-\m-
Wv. ]t CsXmw ]-I--am-Wv. PK-XvIm-
cWw A\mZn Xs. Fsm B ]c-
amWp XpS- nb Xzkzcq- ] -
IrclnXam-Wv. Fm \nb-am-\p-k-cWw
"BIp- - X nt\m Agn- b p- - X nt\m' D
kamYyta C. {Zhy-sap t]cp--XmWv ]c-
am-Wp, kz`mth\ shtsd cq]-ap-Xpw PU-
hp-am-W-Xv. kzbw Fsnepw bYm-tbmKyw
BIm-\-hbvp Ign-hn-. AXn-\m CXn-s\-
smv Dm-p ssNX\yw \n-b-ambpw
Dv. B Dmp--h PvRm\kz-cq-]-\pam-
Wv.
]rYzn, kq-cy apX-emb temI--sf-sbmw
\nb-a-n \S-p-Xv A\m-Znbpw tNX-\-hp-
amb Cuiz-cs tPmen-bm-Wv. AXn- kwtbmK
327
 ]{mw kap-mkw
cN-\m-hntijw ImWmw. B qe-P-K-v Hcn-
epw A\m-Zn-b-. Imcy-P-Kv \nXy-sa-n
AXns ImcWw Dm-hn-. adnv AXp-Xs
Imcy-Im-c-W cq]-am-Ipw. A-s\-bm-sW-n
Imcyhpw Imc-Whpw Hm-bn-cn-b - m At\ym-
\ym-{ibw, Bflm-{i-bw, Fo tZmj-
hcpw. Xs tXmfn Xm Ib- d p- Xpw,
]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw Hcm-fm-bn-cn-p-Xpw \S-
p--X-. AXn-\m PK-XvImhv Dsp
hniz-knt ]q.
tNmZyw: PK-XvImhv Cuiz-c-\m-sW-
n Cuiz-cs Imhm-cmWv?
Dcw: Im-hns Imhpw Imc-W-
ns Imc-Whpw Hcn-epw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
Imhpw Imc- W hpw D- X p- s Im- mWv
Imcyw Dm-Ip--Xv. kwtbm-K-hn-tbm-K--
fpmImXpw BZy- k w- t bm- K - h n- t bm- K -
p Imc-Whpw Bb-Xn\v Imthm Imc-
Wtam Hcn--ep-an-. CXns hymJym\w Fmw
kap- m- k - n krjv S n- b psS hymJym- \ -
nsegp-Xnbn-pXp t\mp-I. 57
Cu ssP\v qe-Im-cy- t]mepw
Adn-hnsn ]c-a-kq-jva-amb krjvSn-hnZy
Fs\ t_m[nm-\mWv? krjvSn A\m-Znbpw
A\-hp-am-sWv Icp-Xp-p. Hmtcm KpW-
n\pw, Ime-n\pw ]cym-b-fpw, Hmtcm
hkvXp-hnepw A\-]cymbfpw Dsv
{]I-cW
- c - Xv\mIc-ns Hmw `mK--n-ep-v.
CsXmcnepw kw`-hy-a-. Fs-m ]cn-
W-an-p hkvXp--fpsS Fm AwK-fpw
]cn-W-an-pw. A\--n\p ]Icw AkwJyw
Fp ]d-bp-Xpw icn-bm-hn-. Pohm-flm-hns\
kw_-nv icn-bm-tb-mw. Cuiz-cs\ kw_-
nv icn-bm-hn-. Htcmtcm {Zhyn AXm-
Xns Hmtcm Imcy-Im-cW kmaYys Ahn-
`mPy ]cym-b--fm A\ kmaYy-ambn
KWn-p-Xv tIhew Ahn-Zym-P-\y-am-Wv. Hcp
]c-amWp{Zhy-n\v AXn-cp-v. Fn A\
hn`mK cq] ]cym-b- AXn-se-s\ hn-
pw? AXp-t]mse Hmtcm-tcm {Zhy-n
A\ KpW--fps-Xpw Hcp KpW-ns
\nc-h[n Ahn-`IvX ]cym-bfps k-
ev]hpw shdpw _men-i-am-Wv. ASn-m-\-n\v
57. t]Pv 336 apX t\mpI
kXym-{]-Im-iw
A-ap-X - n hn-p-X - n\v Fp-sImv
A-an? Cs\ \nc-h[n -anYym-P-ev]-\
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p.
Poh--P-U-
Poh- P - U - FmWv F- X n- s \- n
ssP\-cpsS \nW-b-an-{]-Im-c-amWv:-
tNX\m etWm Pohx kymZ-Po-h-kvX-Z-
\yx. kXv-Icva ]pZvKemx ]pWyw ]m]w
XkyI-hn-]-cybx 58
CXv Pn\-Z--kq-cn-bp-sS hN-\-hpw, {]I-c-
W-cXv\mIcw H - mw `mK-nepw, \b-N{Ikmc-
n-ep-sa-gp-Xn-bn-p-X - pam-Wv. tNX-\m-e- W
- w-
Po-h-tXpw tNX-\m-clnXw APohw PUhp-
am-Wv. kXvIa-cq-]n-bmb ]pZvKew ]pWyhpw
]m]-Ia-cq-]-amb ]pZvKew ]m]hpw sNn-p-
p.
kao-I Poh-P-UfpsS eWw
icn-bm-sW-nepw PU-amb ]pZvKew ]m]-]p-
Wy-bp--am-Im hgn-bn-. ]m]-]p-Wy-
sNp kz`mhw tNX-\-n-te-bp-q. F{X-
sb{X PU-h-kvXp--fptm Ah-sbmw ]m]-
]p-Wy-c-ln-X-am-sWp ImWmw. Poh A\m-
Zn-bm-sW hnizmkw icn-bm-Wv. Fm B
Aev ] \pw Aev ] - - \ p- a mb Pohm- fl mhv
apnZi-bn k--\m-Ip-p Fp hniz-
kn-p-Xv icn-b-. Aev]hpw Aev]--hp-
am-b-Xns kmaYyhpw Ftmgpw AXn-cp--
Xm-bn-cn-pw.
PKv, Poh, Pohs Iahpw _hpw
Fnh A\m-Zn-bm-sWv ssP\ hniz-kn-p-
p. Fs- m kwtbm- K - P - \ y- a mb PK-
ns Imcy- I m- c - W - fpw {]hm- t l\
Imcyhpw, Pohs Iahpw _hpw {]hm-l-
m- e - msX kzcq- ] - n A\m- Z n- b - .
BsWp hniz-kn-m Ia-_---fn
\np hnSp-X-ep-s-s-s\ hniz-knpw?
A\m-Zn-bm-bXv Hcn-epw hnp-t]m-hpIbn-.
A\m-Zn-bm-bXpw \in-p-sa-n \n-fpsS
Fm A\m-Zn-hk - vXp-f- p-tSbpw \miw {]k-
amIpw. Atm Ia-ns \mihpw {]k-
-amIpw. A\mZn \nXy-am-sW-n Iahpw
_hpw \nXy-am-Ipw. Ia-fn \np
58. Bl-X-Zi-\w-87
328
 ]{mw kap-mkw
hnSp-X-emWv apn-sb-n, -Fm Ia--
fn\n-pap hnSp-X apn-bpsS \nan--
am-Ipw. Atm apn ss\an-n-Ia - mIpw. AXv
kZm \ne-\n-evp-I-bp-an-. Iaw Imhpw
Xn \nXy-_w Dm-hp-I-bm Iahpw
Hcn-epw hnp-am-dm-X - m-Ipw. Atm \nfp-
tSbpw Xo- c- c p- t Sbpw apn \nXy- a m-
sWp ]d-Xv icn-b-m-Xm-Ipw.
tNmZyw: [m\y- ns Dan- t ]m- b mtem,
An-kw-kK-ap-m-bmtem AXp apf-bvm--
Xp- t ]mse apn t\Snb Poh hopw
P\\acW cq]n-bmb kwkm-c-n hcn-I-bn-
. n \nan-w, Cuiz-c\
Dcw: Poh\pw Ia-hp-am-bp _w
Danbpw _oP-hp-am-bp--Xp-t]mseb. ChnsS
ka-hmb _-am-Wp-X - v. A\m-Zn-Imew apX
Poh\pw AXns Ia-IrXz in-bp-ambn
_-ap-v. AXn Iaw sNm-\p in
Csp hcp-In Poh inem-Xp-ey-\m-Ipw.
apn A\p-`-hn-m\pw in-bn-m-Xm-Ipw.
A\m-Zn-Im-es Ia-_ - \ -
- n \np hnv
Poh ap-\m-Ip-sa-n \nfpsS \nXy
apn-bn\np hnpw _-\-n hogpw.
Ia-cq-]n-bmb apn-km-[-\--fn \np hnv
_-\-nepw s]Sm-hp--Xm-Wv. km[-\--
fm kn-amb hkvXp Hcn-epw \nXy-am-hp-
I-bn-. km[-\-kn--a-msX apn-bp-sn
Ia--fn-msX _-\-hp-am-Imw. hkv{X--
fn ]nSn-p Agp-v, Igp-Ip-tm t]mbn,
hopw ]nSn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-t]mse
anYyXzw apX-emb tlXp--fmepw cmK-tZz-jm-
Zn- I sf B{i- b npw Poh Ia- c q- ] - a mb
^es A\p- ` - h n- p- p. bYm- a mb
m\w, Zi-\w, kz-`mhw Fn-h-sImv
\na- e - a m- h p- s - pw, amen- \ y- I - W - - f m
amen\y-ap-mIpp Fp-am-sW-n kwkm-
cn-bmb Poh ap-\m-sW-pw ap-Po-h
kwkm-cn-bm-sWpw Icp-tX-n-hcpw. Fs-
m amen\yw \nan- - f - m- amdp-p-sh-n
\nan---fm amen\yw ]pc-fp-Ibpw sNpw.
AXn-\m Pohs _hpw apnbpw {]hm-
l-m A\m-Zn-bm-sWp Icp-Xp-I-b-msX
A\m-Znbpw B\--hp-ambn A\m-Zn-bm-sWp
Icp-X-cp-Xv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
tNmZyw: Poh Hcn-epw \na-e-a-m-bn-
cp-p. amen-\y-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cp-p.
Dcw: Hcp- Im-ev \na-ea - m-bn-cp-X
- n\p
am{Xta hopw \na-e-am-Im- Ign-bq. hkv{X-
n ]p Agpv Igp-In--fbmw. AXns
kzm`m- h n- I - a mb sh If- b m- \ m- h p- I - b n- .
amen\yw hopw ]pcfpw. CXp-t]msebmWv
apn-bn-epw.
tNmZyw: Poh ]qhmPnX Ia-m
ico-c-[m-cWw sNp-p. Cuiz-c\v CXn ]p-
sp Icp-Xp-Xv shdp-sX-bm-Wv.
Dcw: Iaw am{X-amWv ico-c-[m-c-W-
- m Fn AXnZpxJ-
ap Cuiz-c-P---sfmpw Pohm-flmhv Hcn-
epw FSp-p-I-tb-bn-. Ftmgpw \-\
P-tf FSp-q. Iaw {]Xn-_--am-I-W-sa-
m-sW-n, cmPmhv in-\-evImsX I
kzbwhv Pbn-en Ib-dm--Xp-t]m-sebpw,
kzbw Xqn-te-dm--Xp-t]m-sebpw Poh\v
icocw \evIm\pw Ia-^ew \evIm\pw Cuiz-
c-\psp \nfpw hniz-kn-p-sImI.
tNmZyw: aZw elcn t]mse Ia-^-
ehpw kzbw {]m]vX-am-Ip-p. ^ew \evIm
asm-cm-fns Bh-iy-an-.
Dcw: A-s\-bm-sW-n, aZy-]m\w
[mcmfw sNp--hv Ipdpw ]cn-N-b-an-m-
-hv IqSp-Xepw el-cn-]n-Sn-p-X - p-t]mse
\nXyhpw hfsc ]m]- ] p- W y- sNp-
hv Ipdpw h-tmgpw Ipdp sNp--
hv IqSp-Xepw ^ew e`n--Ww. Aev]w
Iaw sNp--hv IqSp-X ^ew In-Ww.
tNmZyw: Hmtcm-cp--cp-tSbpw kz`m-h-a-\p-k-
cn-t ^ew e`n-p--Xv?
Dcw: kz`m- h - m- e m- s W- n
AXn\np hnSp-Itbm AXp e`n-p-Itbm
C. iphkv{X-n \nan-m Agpp
]pc-fp-p, \nan--m Igp-I-s-Sp-p. C-
s\ Icp-Xp-I-bmhpw D-aw.
tNmZyw: kwtbm-Ka-msX Ia-]-cn-Wm-
as {]m]n-p-I-bn. ]men ]pfn tNcmsX
ssXcm- h p- I - b n- m- - X p- t ]mse, Poh\pw
Iahpw tNv Ia-]-cn-Wmaw Dm-Ip-p.
329
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Dcw: ]mepw ]pfnbpw tNp-Xv asm-
cm-fm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Poh\pw Ia-hp-ambn
tNp--Xn\v Cuiz-c thWw. Fs-m
PU-hkvXp \nb-a-]qhw kzbw tNcp-I-bn-.
Poh Aev]--\m-I-bm kzbw Ia-^-
es {]m]n-p-hm Ign-hn-. Cuiz-c-\m
hyh-m-]nX-amb krjvSn-{I-a-an-msX Ia-^-
e-hy-h km[y-a-sv CXn-\m knn-p-
p.
tNmZyw: Ia-n \np ap-\m-Ip--
bm-ft Cuiz-c.
Dcw: A\m-Zn-Imew apX Poh Ia-
hp-ambn tNn-cn-p--Xm-sW-n AXn
\nv Hcn-epw apn-bn-.
tNmZyw: Ians _-n\v BZn-bp-
v.
Dcw: BZn-bp-X - m-sW-n Ia-ns
kwtbmKw -A-\m-Zn-b-. kwtbm-K-n-\p-apv
Poh Ia-lo-\-\o-bn-cn--Ww. \njvIa-am-b-
Xn\v Iaw _m[n-m ap\pw _m[n-pw.
Iahpw Imhpw Xn ka-hmb _w
AYhm \nXy-_w Dmhpw. AXv Hcn-epw
hnSp-Ib- n-. AXn-\m HXmw kap-m-k - n
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-Xv AwKo-I-cn-p-I-bmWv DNn-
Xw.
Poh kzw kmaYyhpw m\hpw
F{X-Iv hn-n-mepw AXn ]cn-an-X-
m-\-hpw kmaYy-hpta Dm-Iq. Hcn-epw
Cuiz-cXp-ey-am-hp-I-bn-. F{X-Iv kmaYyw
hn-n-p-Xv DNn-X-tam, A{Xbpw tbmK-
m hn-n-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
ssP\n-I-fpsS Al-X-m ico-c-]-cn-am-W-a-
\p-kc- nv Pohm-flm-hns hepw AwKo-Ic - n-p-
-tm. 59 A-s \-b m-s W- n B\- bpsS
Poh IoS-nepw IoS-ns Poh B\-
bnepw Fs\ HXpp-sav Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-
-Ww, CXpw auVy-am-Wv. Poh Hcp kqva-
]-Zm-am-Wv. AXn-s\mcp ]c-am-Wp-hn-epw
hkn-mw. Fm AXns in-I ico-c-
n {]mW, hnZyp-Xv, \mUnI apX-em-b-
59.Bflm-{]-Xy-m-Zn-{]-am-W-knx ssNX-\y-cq]x ]cn-
Wmao Im-km-mXv t`mm kztZl ]cn-amWx
({]-I-c-W-c-Xv\-kmcw `mKw 1)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
h-bp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-n-cn-p-p. AXp-sIm-
mWv ico-c-n-semw hn-pp F-
dn-bp--Xv. kw-Kw-sImv \Xpw, Ipkw-Kw-
sImv No-bp-am-bn-o-cp-p.
ssP\ [aw C{]- I m- c - a m- s Wp Icp-
Xpp:
aqew: tc Poh `h ZplmC Cw Nnb
lcC PnW-abw [w. Cb-cmWw ]caw
tXm kpl-It aqV apkn-Hmkn. ({]-I-c-W-c-
Xv\m-Icw `mKw 2. jjvSo-i-XIw 60, kq{Xmw
3)
kwn-]vXmYw: FtSm Pohm, Htc-tbmcp
ssP\-aXw, {ioho-X-cm-K-`m-jnX [aw, am{Xta
kwkmc kw_-n-X-amb P\-\-P-cm-a-c-Wm-Zn-Zpx-
J- sf lcn- p- - X m- b p- p. CXp- t ]mse
t{ijvT-tZ-h-cpw kZvKpcp--mcpw ssP\-a-X-
m am{X-am-Wv. CX-c ho-X-cm-K-\mb Ej-`-
tZ-h apX alm-ho-c hsc-bpp hoX-X-
cm- K - c mb tZh- m- c n\nv `n- c mb lcn,
lc, {_mhv apX-em-b-h-scmw Zpt-h-X-
I-fm-Wv. \-bvmbn Ahsc `Pn-p--h
hn--s-Sp-p.
CXn-s-kmcw C{X-am-{X-amWv ssP\-a-X-
nse t{ijvT-tZ-hmscbpw kZvKp-cp--m-
scbpw hnv av Zpt-h-X-I-tfbpw ZpjvS-Kp-cp-
-m-scbpw tkhn-m Hcp \bpw Dm-hp-
I-bn-.
kao--I:- Ch-cpsS aX-{K-- F{X
\nm-`-cn-X-am-sWv hnZzm-m Nnnt-Xm-
Wv.
aqew: Acnlw tZthm kpKpcp kpw
[w N ]-\h - -- tcm, [mWw Ib-mWw
\nc-cw hkC lnb-bn (Sn. 2.60.1)
kwn- ] v X mYw tZth{]qPn- X - \ mb
Al- - t \- m D- a - a mbn asm- n- .
tZhtZh\pw {ioam\pw m\-{In-bm-im-enbpw
imkvt{Xm]-tZ-jvSmhpw, ip-\pw, \njvI-f-
\pw, Zbm-ephpw m\-nsbpw \-bp-
sSbpw Dd-hn-S-hp-amb {ioPn-\\pw At-l-ap-]-
tZ- i n- [a- h p- a m- W v ZpK- X n- b ns]
{]mWnIsf kap--cn-p-Xv. av lcn-l-cm-Zn-
I-fpsS [aw kwkm-c-n \nv Dcnm
t]mcp-X-. Av hmgv-s Al
mpw _p-pw \a-kvIm-cw. \mev
330
 ]{mw kap-mkw
KpW hmgvs - hbm-Wv. Ah, Zb, a,
kay-IvXz-m\w, tZh-Zi\w kz`m-hw
Fn-h-bm-Wv.
kao--I:- a\p-jy-t\m-Sn-m Zb-b-.
abpw As\ Xs. m\-n\p ]Icw
Am-\hpw tZh-Zi-\-n-\p-]-Icw A-
Im-chpw, kz-`m-hn\p ]Icw ]n-Wn-In-S-
epw Fs\ \-h-bmIpw? Zbbpw abpw
\-h-bm-sW-nepw ]-]m-X-n s]p-I-gn-
m a A-abpw Zb Zb-bn-m-bvabpw
Bbn-tm-Ipw. bmsXmcp Pohn-tbbpw ZpxJn-n-
m-Xn-cn-p-IbmWv CXns {]tbm-P\ - w. ]t
Akm-[y-am-Wn-Xv. Fs-m ZpjvS-msc
innp-Xpw Zb-bn s]Sp--Xm-Wv. Hcp
ZpjvS\p in-\-evIm-Xn-cp-m Bbncw a\p-
jyv ZpxJapm-Ipw. AXn-\m B Zb Zb-
bn-m-bvabpw a A-a-bp-am-Ipw.
Fm Poh-Ipw ZpxJ-\m-ihpw kpJ-
{]m]vXn Dm-Im-\p D]m-b-n\v Zb-sbp
]d-bp-Xv icn-bm-Wv. shw Acnp IpSn-p-
Xpw p{Z-Po-hn-Isf cn-p-Xpw am{X-a
Zb. C{]-Im-c-ap Zb ssP\n-I ]d-bp-s-
t-bp-q sNp-n-. GXp aX-n s]-h-
\p-am-Is, a\p-jy-tcmSp Zb-hp-Imn Ahsc
A-]m-\m-Zn-I \evIn kevIc - n-p-Xpw, CX-
c-a-X--cmb hnZzmmsc _lp-am-\np ip{iq-
jn-p-Xpw Zb-bt? Chv bYm Zb
Dm-bn-cp-s-n hnth-I-kmcw F {K-
ns 221-mw t]Pn FgpXn-bn-cn-pXv icn-
bm-Iptam?
1. ]c-a-X-kvXp-Xn-sN-p-I. 2. Ahsc hn-p-
I. 3. Be-]\w; Ah-tcmSp kwkm-cn-p-I. 4.
kwe-]\w; hopw hopw Ah-tcmSp kwkm-
cn-p-I, 5. Ahv A-hk - v{XmZn Zm\w sNp-
I., 6. K-]p-jv]m-Zn-Zm\w sNbvI Fo Bdv
bmX-\-I Bdp-hn[ {]hr-n-I ssP\n-
IsNm ]mSn-.
kao--I: ssP\n-Iv ap--h-tcmSv
F{X-Iv Zb-bn-m-bvabpw shdppw tZzjhpw
Dsv _pn-amam Btem-Nn--Ww. ap-a-
X--tcmSv C{X-Iv \n-b-cmb ssP\sc
Zbm-lo-\-sct ]d-bm-hq. Fs-m kz-
msc am{Xw ip{iq-jn-p-Xv hntij [a-
am-hn-. Ah-cpsS aX-m Ah-cpsS kz-m-
cm- W v . AXn- \ m Ahsc ip{iq- j n- p- p.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
A\ysc shdp-p-p. GXp _pn-am-\mWv
Chsc Zbm-ep- Fp ]d-bm-\m-hpI?
hnth-I-kmcw 108-mw t]Pn Cs\ Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-pp:- ""aYp-cb
- nse cmPm-hns \aqNo
F Znhms\ ssP\-b-Xn-I XfpsS hntcm-
[n-bm-sW--dnv sImp-I-f-bp-Ibpw Btem-
bW ({]m-b-nw) sNbvXv ip-am-Ibpw
sNbvXp.''
kao--I: CXv Zb-bpsSbpw a-bp-
sSbpw \miIa-at? ]c-a-X--cpsS Poh-
lm-\n-hsc sNp sshc-_pnIsf Zbm-ep-
sh--Xn-\p-]-Icw lnwk-I-sc-t hnfn-t--
Xv?
\mep-ap-n-km-[-\-
C\n kay- I v Z i- \ m- Z n- I - f psS eWw
""AlX {]h-N\ kw{Klw''. ""]c-am-K-a-\-
kmcw'' Fn-h-bn ]d-bp-Xp t\mmw:
""kayIv {im, kayIv Zi, m\w,
Nmcn{Xw Fnh \memWv tamkm-[\ -
- ''.
Chsb tbmK-tZh hymJym-\n-n-p-v.
""Pohm-Zn-{Z-hy- GXp-cq-]-n nXn
sNp-p-shv ssP\-{K---fn {]Xn-]m-Zn-
n-cn-p-pthm AXn\p hn]-co-X-amb A`n-
\n-th-im-Zn-I-fn-msX {ibpw {]oXnbpw
]pep--Xn\v kay-Iv{i-m Fpw kay-
IvZi-\-sapw ]d-bp-p.''
""cpNncv Pnt\m-X-tzjp kay-I{v i-m\
apNytX'' 60 ssP\-{]-Xn-]m-Zn-X-amb Xz-
fn A[nIw {i-bp-m-bn-cn--Ww. ap-
-h-bn Dm-bn-cn--cp-sX-w.
bYm-h-n-X-X-zm\mw kwt-]m-Zvhn-
kvX-tc-Whm tbm t_m[-kvX-a-{Xmlpx kay-
Kvm\w a\o-jnWx 61 Pohm-Zn-X-z-
F{]-ImcamtWm Ah-bpsS kwn-]vXtam
hnkvXr-Xtam Bb t_m[-ap-m-Ip--Xn\v
kay-Ivm-\-sap ]d-bp-p.
""kcvYmfhZytbmKm\mw XymK-m-cn-{X-ap-
NytX, IocvnXw XZ-lnw-km-Zn-{h-Xt`tZ\
][m Alnw-km-kq-\r-Xm-kvtXb {_-N-
cym-]-cn-{Klmx''
Fm {]Im-c-nepw \n-\o-b-amb A\y-a-
60. Bl-X-Zi\w 62.
61. Bl-Zi-\w-63
331
 ]{mw kap-mkw
X-_---fpsS XymK-amWv Nmcn-{Xw. Alnw-
kmZn hyXy-kvX--fmb Ap {hX--fp-v.
Hv Alnw-k. Hcp {]mWn-tbbpw lnwkn-m-
bvI. cv, kq\y-Xm. {]nb-hm-p-I ]d-bp-I.
aqv AkvtXbw. tamjvSn-m-Xn-cn-p-I. \mev,
{_-Ncyw, D]-t-{n-b-kw-b-a\w Av,
A]-cn-{Klw. kh-h-kvXp-fpw XyPn-p-I.
kao--I: Ch-bn an-hbpw \-Im-
cy-fm-Wv. Alnwk; Ifhv apX-emb \ny-
Im- c y- D- t ]npI CsXmw \Xp
Xs. Fm A\y-a-X-sf \nn-p-I-ap-X-
emb tZmj- \nanw \Xpw No-
bmbn. ""A\y- l - c n- l cm- Z n- I - f psS [aw
temIs D-cn-p-X - '' apX-emb ]cmai-
. Ah-cpsS ]pkvX-I- t\mmsX
No-bm-sWp ]d-bp-Ib - m-Wv. CXv Nnd \n-
bmtWm? AXp-t]mse apI-fn hnh-cn Akw-
`-hy-fmb Imcy- ]d XoY--c-msc
kvXpXn-p-Xpw shdpw imTyw am{X-am-Wv.
ssP\-a-X-nse [a-{]-iwk:
-aqew: PC \ IpWkn Xh NcWw \
]Tkn \ KptWkn tZkn t\m ZmW-av. Xm
Cnbw knkn PwtZthm C Acn-l-
tm, ({]-I-cW `m. 2.60.2)
kwn-]vXmYw: a\pjym! \n\v X]-kzn-
bm-Imt\m kz`m-hn-bm-Imt\m, ]WvUn-X-\m-
Imt\m, ta[m-hn-bm-Imt\m kZv]m-{X-n
Zm\w sNmt\m Ign-bp-n-s-nepw, Bcm-[-
\bvv Htc-sbmcp Al-\mb Al--s\-
G-ItZh\v Bcm-[-\-bn-m\pw ssP\--[-
n hniz-kn-m\pw Ign-m AXp-aXn.
\ns D-c-W-n-\p GI hgn-bm-W-Xv.
kao--I: kz`m-h-an-s-nepw, ]Tn-
mt\m Zm\w sNmt\m Ign-n-s-nepw
""ssP\-aXw kXy-am-sWp'' am{Xw ]d-bp--
Xp-sImv Abm D-a-\m-Iptam? A\y-a-X-
- c mb t{ijv T \nIr- j v S - c p- a m- I ptam?
Cs\ ]d- b p- - h - c psS {`mpw _me- _ p-
nbpw Fm-Wmthm! CXn\np hy-am-
Ip-Xv Ch-cpsS BNm-cy-m kzmYn-I-fm-bn-
cpp Fpw ]qW-hn-Zzm-m-c-m-bncp-s-p-
am-Wv. Fm-h-tcbpw \nn-m--]w Ch-
cp-sS-h-e-bn Bsc-nepw s]Sp-Itbm kzw
CjvSw km[n-p-Itbm sNp-am-bn-cp-n-.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
ssP\-aXw ssP\-aXw At[m-K-Xn-p hgn-
bm-sWpw sshZnI [w am{Xta D-cn-
p-I-bp-q Fpw knn-p-p. lcn-l-cm-Zn-
tZ-hm \-hcpw Ch-cpsS Ej-`-tZ-h\pw apw
Zpt-hX- I
- f- m-sWpw ]d-m Chs-p-
tXmpw? tZzjw tXmp-I-bnt?
Ch- c psS BNm- c y- mpw hnizm- k n-
Ipw ]nb sXp-I C\n-bpapv:
aqew: PnW-hc BWm-`wKw Da Dp--
tek tZk-WD BWm `tK ]mhwXm PnW-
ab Zpcw [-av. ({]-I-cW `m 2.60. 11)
kwx AYw: DmKw Dq{Xw Fn-h-
bpsS teJ\ Bsc-sb-nepw ImWn-p-
-Xp-sImv Pn\-h-c-m-cpsS, AYhm hoX-cm-
K-cmb Xo--ccpsS Bm-ew-L\w kw`-
hn-p-p. AXv ZpxJ-tl-Xp-hmb ]m]-am-Wv. Pn\-
h-c Acp-fnb kay-zw apX-emb [a-
{Kln-p-hm hnj-a-am-Wv. AXn-\m Pn\-h-
cs Bbvp `wKw hcm- - h w
{]hn--Ww.
kao--I: kzbw {]iw-kn-p-I, kzw
aX-amWv t{ijvT-sap ]d-bp-I, ap--hsb
\nnpI Fnh aqV-m-cpsS {]hr-n-bmWv.
ap hnZzm-m {]iw-kn-p-s-n AXmWv
icn. I- mv kzbw {]iw- k n- p- h m
Ignbpw AXp-sImv Ah {]iw-k-\o-b-cm-Ip-
p- t m? AXp- t ]msebmWv Ch- c psS
Imcyhpw.
ssP\n-I-tf-tmse ]-]m-X-m-cn-.
aqew: _lp-KpW hnPvQm \ne Hm Dp-
- ` m- k o- X - l mhnapthm Pl hc-
aWnPqtXm hnlp hnKv[- I tcm hnk-
ltcmtemtb (Sn. 2.18)
kw Aw: hnj-k]-ns intcm-
cXv\w XymPy-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse ssP\-a-
X-n-e-m--bm F{X-h-enb [man-It\m
]WvUn-Xt\m Bbmepw icn Bbmsf XyPn-
p--XmWv ssP\v DNn-Xw.
kao-I - : F{X sXm-Wn-sXp t\mq.
Ch-cpsS injy-mcpw BNm-cy-mcpw hnZzm-m-
cm-bn-cps-n, hnZzm-msc CjvS-s-t-s\.
Ch-cpsS XoY--c-m klnXw Ghcpw Ahn-
Zzm-m-cm-I-bm hnZzmamsc \nn-msXpw
332
 ]{mw kap-mkw
sNpw? kzWw Agp-ntem s]mSnbntem InS-
mepw Bcm\pw Dt]-n-ptam? ssP\n-I-
sf-tmse ]-]m-Xn-Ifpw Zpcm-{K-ln-I-fp-ambn
Bcp-an-sv CXn \np sXfn-bp-p.
aqew: AC-kb ]mhnb ]mhm [nA
]tkp tXmhn-]m-h-cbm \-Nen kp
[m [m Inhn-]mh ]tkp (Sn. 2.29)
kw. AYw: A\y-kn-m--m-cmb Ienw-
Kn-Isf AXm-bXv ssP\-[a-hn-tcm-[n-Isf,
ssP\ IWn-t]mepw Ip-Iq-Sm.
kao- - I : CsX{Xtbm ]ma- c - X - b m-
sWv _pn-amm Nnn--Ww. kXy-amb
[a- n hniz- k n- p- - h \v Bscbpw
Iqtk Imcy-an-. Ch-cpsS BNm-cy-mp-
Xs X-fpsS aXw aWsImm-c-sa--dn-bm-
am-bn-cp-p. Bsc-nepw Im XIp Xcn-
-W-am-Ipw. AXn-\m Fm-h-tcbpw \nn-p-
I, aqVsc he-bn hogvpI!
aqew: \maw ]n X Akplw tPW \nZn-
TmCu an-]-m-bo. tPknw AWp-kw-KmD
[oWhn tlmC ]mh aC (Sn. 2.27)
kw. Aw : ssP\-a-X-n\p hncp--amb
[-sfmw a\p-jysc ]m]n-If - m-p-h
- b
Wv, AXn-\m ap-a-X--sfmpw hniz-kn-
msX ssP\aX-n hniz-kn-p--XmWv
t{ijvTw.
kao- - I : Fm- h - t cmSpw sshcw,
hntcm[w, Cujy, \n apX-emb ZpjvI-
-fpsS kmK-c-n app--XmWv ssP\-
[a-sav CXn\np sXfn-bp-p. ssP\n-I-
sf-tmse ]c-aX-\n sNp--hcpw A[an-
I-fp-ambn amcpw Dm-hn-. Hcp hiv as-
m-h-tcbpw \nn-p-I. adp-h-iv kzbw AXn-
{]-iwk sNpI Fnh iT-m-cpsS ]Wn-
bt? hnth-I-ap--h, GXp aX-n-te-bp-am-
Is, \Xv \-sXpw No No-sb-p-
at ]dbq?
aqew: lml KpcpA AIPvQ kmao
\lp An I ]p-cntam, Il PnW
hb\ Il kpKpcp kmhbm Il Cb
AIPvQw (Sn. 2. 35)
kw. AYw:- kh hN-\-amb Pn\-`m-
jn-X-fpw ssP\-k-Zv-Kp-cp--mcpw ssP\-
[ahpw FhnsS? CXn\p hn]-co-X-amb A\y-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
ZpKp-cp--mcpw D]-tZ-i-Icpw FhnsS? AXm-
bXv R-fp-tSXv kZvKp-cp- - mcpw kt-hI - fpw
kn-Ifpw A\y-cptSXv ZpKp-cp--mcpw
Zpt-h-X-Ifpw A[an-I-fp-am-Wv.
kao--I:- CXv, X]n s]m]n
asmw Nm]n Fp ]d-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-
Wv. Ch `n-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-Isf am\n-p-Xv
]m]-ambn Fp-p.
kns intcm-cXv\w XyPn-p-I-bmWv
DNn- X - s av t\cs FgpXn- b - X p- t ]mse,
CXc [am-h-ew-_n-I-sf XyPn--W-a-t{X. CXn-
e-[nIw \nn-p-Xp t\mpI:
aqew: ktm- Cw acWw IpKpcp AW-
mC tZl ac-WmC, tXm hcn-kw Klnbpw
am IpKp-tkhWw `Zq-av. (Sn. 2. 36)
kw. AYw: ssP\-cn \np `n-cmb
Fm ZpKp-cp--mcpw k-t-m No-
bm-Wv. Ahsc ImWp-Itbm ip{iq-jn-p-Itbm
kwK-an-p-Itbm sN-cp-Xv. Fs-m ]mp-
I-Sn-m Hcn-te acn-q. A\y-a-X--cmb
ZpKp-cp--m-cpsS kwKw -sImv At\Iw
XhW P\-\a - c- W
-
- f
- p-mIpw. AXn-\m \-
- m- htc! Ah-cpsS ASp- sNp \nevp-I-t]m-
ep-a-cp-Xv. AXp-\n-an-w ZpxJ-km-K-c-n ]Xn-
m-\n-S-bm-Ipw.
kao-I - : t\mpI! ssP\n-Is - f-tmse
{`m- N n- cpw ItTm- c - t Zzjn- I fpw ]c- \ n-
\nIcp-am-b-hcmcpw A\y-aXn-S-bn
Dm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. A\ysc \nn-p-Ibpw
kzbw {]iw- k n- p- I bpw sNbv X n- s - n
Xsf Bcpw _lp-am-\n-p-Itbm tkhn-p-
Itbm sNp-I-bn-s-nh hnNm-cn-n-cn-mw.
]t CX-hc - psS Zu`mKyambn-tm-bn. Fs-
m k\ kwkKhpw kwKhpw
IqSmsX bYm m\hpw kXy-[a-{]m-
]vXnbpw Hcn-epw Dm-hp-I-bn-. AXn-\m
hnZym-hn-cp--cmb anYy-Isf shSnv thtZm-
-amb kXy [-sf kzoI-cn-p-X - mhpw
-ssP-\n-Iv awK-f-{]-Zw.
aqew: Inw `Wntam Incntam XmW
lbm- k W [nSvT- Z p- S vTm- W av tPZwkn
DuWnenwKw JnhwXn\-c-bkvan ap-P-Ww.
(Sn. 2.40)
333
 ]{mw kap-mkw
kw. AYw: awK- f - { ]- X o \inv ,
[mjvSy-tmsS hPy-amb ZpjvSm-Nm-c-
am{Xw sNp--Xn AXn-N-Xp-c-cmb ZpjvS-tcm-
sSp ]d-bm-\mWv? Fp-sN-m-\mWv. Ah
C ssIp ISn-p--h-cmWv. D]-Imcw sNp-
- h sc sImp- X n- p- - h - s c- t m- s e- b mWv
ZpKp-cp--m. Ahp-]-I-cw sNp-Xv
kzbw \miw hcp-nh-bv-em-Wv. AXn-\m
Ah-cn\nvI-n-cn-p-I.
kao--I: ssP\n-I-sf-tmse ap--
hcpw Nnn-n-cp-s-n ssP\v Fp
ZpK-Xn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cpp! Bcpw Ahsc klm-
bn-p-I-bns-n Fp IjvS-m-Sp-mIpw!
aph-cpsS nXnbpw CXp-X-s-bm-sWv
Ah Fp-sImv Icp-Xp-n!
aqew: Pl-Pl XpC [tm Pl-Pl
ZpSvTmW tlmC ACDZDw, ka-n-SvTn-Pn-bmWw
Xl-Xl D-kC kaw (Sn. 2. 42)
kwx AYw: Zi-\-{`-jvS-cpw, hnhn[ BNm-
c-mcpw ap-amb ZpjvS-hn-{]-m-cpsS ]qPm-k-
ev m- c - fn Ah- c psS inbpw apw
hnp-s-nepw ssP\m-flm--fpsS kay-
KvZr-jvSn-I-fmb Pohm-flm--fpsS kayzw
hntijm shfn-hmIps-Xv hfsc B-
cyw-X-s!
kao- - I : Cu ssP\tc- m- f - [ nIw
Cujybpw tZzjhpw sshc-_p-nbpw thsd
Bs-n-ep-aptm Fp t\mq. ap aX-
- f nepw Cujym- t Zz- j m- Z n- I - f p- s - nepw
ssP\n-If - n-ept]mse Fp-an-. tZzjw ]m]-
ns Imc-W-am-Wv. Atm ssP\-a-X-n
]m]m-N-cWw D-Xn-e-pX-an-.
aqew: kwtKmhn PmW AlnD tXknw
[m-CtP ]In apqW tNmc-kwKw
Icn tXtNm-cnbw ]mhm (Sn. 2, 75)
kw. AYw:- CXns apJy {]tbm-P\w
CXm-Wv: Imcp-ambn kwkK-ap--h
\mkn-Im-tOZ\w apX-emb in-I Imcy-
am-m--Xp-t]mse ssPt\-X-c-amb I aX-
-fn D-h kzw A[x-]-X-\s KWy-
am-p-n-.
kao--I: XstmsebmWv ap--h-
scv a\p-jy Icp-Xp-p. ap aX--sfmw
\nIr-jvShpw ssP\-aXw am{Xw D-a-sapw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]d-bp--Xn-se-m-Ww? a\p-jy-cn AXn-
bmb Am- \ hpw Zpjv S - k w- k - m
{`jvS-_p-nbpw Dm-bn-cn-p-thmfw ap--h-
tcm-Sp Cujym-tZz-jm-Zn-Zp-jvSXI hnp-am-
dp-I-bn-. ssP\-a-X-nse ]c-tZzjw t]mse
aspta C.-
aqew: P ]kp- a - l n- k - e - c Im ]w
tlman ]mh-\-h-aoG ]qAn Xw]n
kVvVm lm loem hob-cm-b (Sn. 2.76)
kw. AYw: ]qh-kq-{X-n ssP\-c-m-
-h-scmw anYym-Xzn-Ifpw X kay-zn-
I-fpw as-mcpw ]m]n-I X ]pWym-flm-
Fp ]d- p. AXn- \ m
anYymXznIfpsS aXs AwKo-I-cn-p--bm
]m]n-bm-Wv.
kao--I:- ap--h-cpsS {hX--fmb
Nmap-WvUn, Imfn, Ime-ss`-c-h apX-em-b-h-
cpsS ]m]-\-han AYhm ZpKm\han XpSnb
{hX- No-bm-sW-n \n-fpsS ]p-
jWw BZn-bmb {hX-fpw No-bt? Ah
Zpcn-X-]qW-hp-am-Wv. hma-amKn-I-fpsS A\m-
Nm-c-sf JWvUn-Xv DNn-Xw-Xs Fm-
imk-\t- Z-hn, acp-Xt- Z-hn apX-em-bh - t- bbpw hniz-
kn-msX JWvU\w sNt--Xm-bn-cp-p.
R-fpsS tZhn-am lnwkn-p-h - c - s- p ]d-
t-mw. imk-\t- Zhn Hcp a\p-jy-sbpw Hcp
BSn-sbpw Ip-I Nqgvv FSp--Xm-Wv.
]ns--s\-bmWv Ah cm-knbpw, ZpK-
bp-tSbpw Imfn-bp-tSbpw ktlm-Z-cn-bp-a-m-Xn-cn-
pI? kzw ]-JmWw apX-emb {hX-
AXn- t {i- j v T - s apw \h- a nbpw apw Zpjv S -
sapw ]d-bp-Xv XnI auVy-am-Wv. ap-
-h-cpsS D]-hm-ks \nn-p-I, kzw D]-
hm-ks kvXpXn-p-I. FXv auVyw-Xs.
kXy-`m-jWw apX-emb {hX--sf-Sp-p--tX-
hpw D-aa - m-Wv. ssP\-cp-tS-Xm-bmepw Bcp-
tS-Xm-bmepw D]-hmkw {hX-a-.
aqew:- thkmW hwZn- b mW amlW
Spw_mW PcIknc-ImWw, `m-`c - I- S- vTmWw
hnbmWw Pn ZqtcWw (Sn. 2. 82)
kw. AYw: thiy-I, Iqm-Sn-I, Kmb-
I, {_m-W, KtW-im-Zn-I, tZhn-am apX-
em-b-hsc ]qPn-p `cpw Ch-cn hniz-
kn-p--hcpw Fmw Xa-n app--hcpw
334
 ]{mw kap-mkw
app--h-cp-am-Wv. Fs-m B tZh-m-cn
\nv Fmw Inp-sav Ah hniz-kn-bpw
hoX-cm-K-cmb ssP\-cn\nv AIp t]mI-
bpw sNpw.
kao- - I : ap- - h - c psS tZham
sIm-cp-Xm--hcpw X-fp-tSXv t{ijvT-cp-am-
sWp ]d-bp-Xv ]-]m-X-am-Wv. hma-amKn-
I-fpsS tZh-m-sc \ntj-[n-p-tms
"{im-Zn-\-IrXyw' hiw 46 Cs\sbgp-Xn-
bn-cn-pp:- ""imk\ tZhn cm{Xn-bn `Ww
Ign Hcp-hs sNInv ASn-p-Ibpw Ip-
Nq-gvs-Spv ]Icw BSns Ip shp-sIm-
Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu tZhn Fp-sImv
lnwk-m-cn-b? cXv\-kmcw Hmw `mKw 67-
mw hiv ""acp-X-tZhn {]Xn-a-bmbn \np-
sImv hgn-t]m-sc klm-bn-s''v Fgp-Xn-
bn- pv . Cu tZhntbbpw \ntj- [ n- m- -
sXv?
aqew: Inwtkmw]n PWWn PmHm PmtWm
PW-WnInw KHm hnnw PC an-cHm PmHm
KptWkp Xl aOcw hlC (Sn. 2.81)
kw. AYw: ssP\- h n- c p- - c m- b anYym-
aXm Fn\v P-sa-Spp? P\ns-nepw
hfn-sv? AXm-bXv io{Lw \in-m
\mbn Fw.
k-ao--I: Ch-cpsS hoX-cmK`mjn-X-amb
Zbm-[aw t\mq. ap aX-m Pohn-p-I-
t]mepw AcpXv! Ch-cpsS Zb shdpw ]d-n
am{XamWv. Ds-ns a\p-jy-tcm-S,
p{Z-P-p--tfmSpw arK--tfmSpw am{X-am-Wv.
aqew: kpt at-Pmbm kqtlW Kn
kp aw-an. tP ]pW Aa-P - mbm at Kw
XntX Nppw (Sn 2. 83)
kw. AYw: ssP\-Ip-e-n P\n--h
apn {]m]n-m BivNcy-an-. ssP\-c-m
anYymaX-m-cm-sc-nepw apn {]m]n-m
AXv henb B-cy-am-Wv. CXn-Yw, ssP\n-
I-f-m-Xmcpw ap--cm-hp-I-bn, A\y \c-I-
nte t]mIq Fm-Wv.
kao--I: ssP\-a-X-n ZpjvScpw \c-
I-Km-an-I-fp-ant? Fm-hcpw apn -{]m-]npw.
amcpw {]m]n--bn! CXv shdpw t]]-d-n-
et? Adn-hn-m--h-cm-sc-nepw CXv hniz-
kn-t-pw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
aqew: Xn-b-cmWw ]qB kwa -Kp-Wm-
W-Im-cnWo `Wnbm kmhnb an--bco
PnW-k-atb tZknb ]qB (Sn. 2. 90)
kw. AYw: ssP\-a-X-m-cpsS hn{K-lm-
cm-[-\-bmWv tIaw. ap-h-cp-tSXv \nmcw.
ssP\-amKw Ah-ew-_n-p-h - Xz-m-
\n-bm-Wv. Am--h Xz-m-\n-b.
kao--I: _te-t`jv! Fp ]d-bm!
\n-fpsS hn{K-l- sshjvW-hm-Zn-Ifp-tS-
Xp-t]mse Ipw-XS- n-bpw-sImpm-n-bX - t- ?
\n-fp-tS-Xp-t]mse sshjvW-h-cp-tSbpw apw
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw anYy-bm-Wv. kzbw Xz-
m-\n-bm-Ip-Ibpw ap--hsc Xz-m-\n-
I-fm-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ImWp-tm \n-
fpsS aX-n Xz-m-\ta Csp a\-
n-em-mw.
aqew: PnW BWmG [tm BWm-cln
AWm-^pSw Al-aqcvn, Cb apWn DuWb
Xw PnW AWmG IWlp [cvw (Sn. 2,
92)
kw. Aw: Pn\-tZ-hs B. Zbm
am-Zn-[w Fn-h-sbm-gn-sI-bph Fmw
A[a-am-Wv.
kao--I: F{X A\ymbw! ssP\-c-m-
sXm-cp-\pw kXy-hm-Zn-bmb [am-flm-hm-
bnt? B [manIP\s am\n- t t?
ssP\-aX -
- c - psS hmbpw \mpw am{Xw sXmen-
sIm-p-m-n-bXpw aph-cp-tSXv Am--
Xp-am-sW-n CXp icn-bm-hmw. kzw {K-
, kw\ym-kn-am apX-em-b-hsc ]pI-gvp-
Xp tIm Ch Bfl {]iw-k-bnepw Hcp
]Sn-IqSn IS-n-cn-p-Xp ImWmw.
aqew: htan \mc-bm-Dhn tPkn Zpc-ImC
kw`-cw-Xm-W-av. `mW PWC lcn-lc cnn
kano hn Dtmkw (Sn. 2.95)
kw. AYw: lcn-lc - mZntZh-m-cpsS hn`qXn
\c-I-tl-Xp-hm-Wv. AXp-Im-Wp-tm ssP\n-
Ip tcmam--ap-m-Ip-p. cmPm-sb
[cn-p-h - acWw hsc ZpxJn-p-X - p-t]mse
-Pnt\{s B ewLn-p--h- P\-\-a-c-
W-Zpx-J--fn s]p-g-ep-p.
kao--I: t\mq! ssP\-cpsS Im]Syw
shfn-hm-bnt? lcn-l-cm-Zn-Isf D]m-kn-p--
335
 ]{mw kap-mkw
h-cpsS Dbbpw sFiz-cyhpw kln-m-bvI-
bm-em-Wn-hv tcmam--ap-m-Ip--Xv. Ch-
cpsS sFizcyw Xpw Zmcn{Zyw Ahpw
e`n--Wsam-Wm-{Klw! cmPm--bpsS DZm-
l- c Ww \ev I p- Xv Ch I- { ]- i wk
sNp-hcpw `ocp-f - p-am-bX
- p-sImmWv. cmPm-
hns I--chpw AwKo-I-cn--W-satm?
Cujybpw tZzjhpw ssP\n- I - s f- t mse
amp-ta-bn-.
aqew:- tPm tZC kp [w tkm]-c-am
Pbn \lp Atm Inw I-p kcntkm
Cbc Xcq tlmC If-bmhn (Sn. 2. 101)
kw. Aw: ssP\-[a-hn-cp- aqV-m-
cm-Wv. ssPt\-{ Acp-fnb [as D]-tZ-
in-p kw\ym-knbpw Krl-\pw {K-
Imhpw Xo- - c p Xpey- c m- W v .
Ahp Xpey-cmbn Bcp-an-.
kao--I:- Fp-sIm-n? _me-_p-n-
I-f-m-bn-cp-s-n ssP\ CsXmpw hniz-
knv Ccn-p-Ib - n-m-bn-cp-p. thiy-bpsS Bfl-
{]-iw-k-t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv.
aqew: aqe PnWnZw tZthm X-bWw Kpcp-
PWw alm-k-bmWw tkkw ]mh-SvTmWw ]c-
a-mWwN htan (Sn. 2 103)
kw. Aw: Pot\-{-tZ-h-t\bpw, At-l-
ns knm---tfbpw, ssP\aX-ns
D]- t Z- j v S m- - t fbpw XyPn- p- Xv ssP\n-
Ip-Nn-X-a-.
kao--I: CXv ssP\n-I-fpsS imTyw,
]-]mXw, Am\w Fn-h-bpsS ^e-a-s-
n ]ns-mWv? Fm ssP\n-I-fpsS
GXm\pw Nne-Im-cy-sfm-gnsI as-mw-Xs
XymPy-am-Wv. Ipd-s-nepw _pn-bp-h - , Ch-
cpsS Znhy-{K---tfbpw D]-tZ-jvSm--tfbpw
Iv, tIv, Nnn-p ]w XyPnp If-bp-
I-Xs sNpw.
aqew: hbtW hn kpKpcp PnW-h - l
tIknw \ D-kC kw, Al Il ZnW-aWn
tXbw Dep BWw lc-CA - w-[w (Sn. 2. 108)
kw. Aw:- ssP\-h-N-\-n\v A\p-Iq-
e-ambn \S-p--h ]qPy\pw hncp- A]q-
Py-\p-am-W.v ssP\-Kp-cp-sf am\n-p-Is - b-m
ap--hsc am\n-m-bvI-bm-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kao- - I :- av Am- \ n- I sf arK-
tftmse ssP\ injy-cmn _n-m-
Xn-cp-m. Ah c-s]v kzw apn-
amKw At\z-jn-p-am-bn-cp-p. Bsc-nepw
\nsf ZpKp-cp-shtm ZpamKnsbtm,
Xn-p-Im-c-s\tm Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-sh-tm, hnfn-
m F{Xtbm ZpxJ- a p- m- I pw? \n
A\yv Ccw ZpxJ-ap-m-p-h - c- m-Ib
- m
\nfpsS aX-n hf-sc-tbsd \nm-c-Im-
cy- \nd-n-cn-p-p.
aqew:- tP c-[m-\-CuWw ImcW`qb
lhwXn hmhmcm. tX hnlp AC-]m-_-bm
[m NUvVwXn `h-Znb (Sn. 2. 119)
kw. Aw:- arXyp-]-cyw ZpxJ-ap-m-
bmepw, Irjn-hym-]m-cm-Zn-I ssP\ sNp-
Itb Acp-Xv. Fs-m Ch \c-I - n-tep
\bn-phbm-Wv.
kao--I:- \n-sf-n\v hym]m-cm-Zn-I
sNppshv C\n \n-fm-sc-nepw ssP\n-
I-tfmSp tNmZn-Ww. Ah-cn-Xp-t]-n-m--
sX-mWv? Dt]-n-m PohnXw Akm-[y-am-
Ipw. \n-fpsS D]-tZiw tIv ap--hcpw Dt]-
n-m \n Fp `n-p Pohn-pw.
Ccw A\m-Nm-c- D]-tZ-inp IqSm--Xm-
Wv . Fp- s N- m! hnZybpw kw- K hpw
CmsX ]mh- hmbn tXmn-b-sXmw
Pev]n-pI-bm-Wv.
aqew: X Cbm lamW Alam Imc-W-c-
lnbm A\mW KtW tP P]wXn Dpw
tXknw Zzn n ]wUnw (Sn. 2. 121)
kw. AYw:- ssP\m-Ka -
- p hncp-a - mb
imkv{X-sf AwKo-I-cn-p--h A[-a-cn-e-[-
a- c m- W v. Fs- nepw t\- a p- m- I p- s a-
nt]mepw ssP\-aX-n\p hncpambn ]d-
bp-Itbm tIp-Itbm ]mSn-. Fs-nepw
{]tbm-P\ - a
- p-m-bmepw A\y-aX
-
- sf XyPn--
- Ww.
kao--I:- \n-fpsS ]qn-I apX
Ctm-gp--h hsc A\y-a-X-sf Zpjn-p-I-
sb--msX asmpw sNbvXn-n- sNp-I-bp-
an- . ssP\, Xcw Inp- n- S- s mw h
{]tbm-P-\hpw knn-p-sap Im, Bcp-
tSbpw injyXzw kzoI-cn-p-I-f-bpw. ]ns
Cs\ h Imcy ]d-bp--Xn e-
336
 ]{mw kap-mkw
bn-m--Xm-W-pXw! IjvSw Xs.
aqew: Pw hoc- P n- W mPnH anc Cu
Dp tek-tZ-k-WHm kmKc tImUm-tIm
Unw lnUw C AC-`o-a-`h h-ct. (Sn. 2. 112)
kw. Aw: ssP\n-I-fn D-Xp-t]mse
R-fnepw [a-ap-sv Bcm\pw ]d-bp--
]w tImSm-\p-tImSn hjw Abm \c-I-
n InS-nv \oN-P--sa-Sp-pw.
kao: _te-t`jv! hnZym-i-{Xp-tf!
\n-fpsS anYym-h-N-\-sf Bcpw Jfin--
cp-sXp hnNm-cn-t Cu `b--c-hmIyw Fgp-
Xn-h-Xv? AXv Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. \nsf F{X-
am-{X-am-Wp-]-tZ-in-pI! ap--hsc Bt-
]npw Ak-Xy- {]N-cn-npw XImcyw
t\Sm IsInbn-cn-p \nXv hc-
{]-km-Z-amWv!
aqew: Zqtc IcWw Zqcn kmlWw Xl
]`m-hW Zqtc PnW-[ k-lmWw ]n Xnc-
I-Zp-c-ImC \nSvT-hC.
kw. Aw: ssP\-[-s - fmpw A\p-
jvTn-n-s-nepw ""ssP\-[w kXyw asmw
anYy'' Fp am{Xw {im-]qw ]d-bp
]w Abm ZpxJ-sf XcWw sNpw.
kao-: aqV-msc he-bn s]Sp-m
CXn-ep-]-cn-sb-p-thWw? Fs-m Hpw
sNt-. apn X\ntb Inpw! CXn-e-[nIw
Am-\-bp--amb aXtaXmWpXv!
aqew: Ifbm tlmln Znhtkm Pfbm
kpKq-cpW ]mb aqen Dp tek-hn-k-
eh clnHm \nkp-tWkp PnW-[cvw
kw. Aw: ""ssP\-{K-- am{Xw
tIpw. Dq-{X- AYhm A\y-a-X-{K--
{ihn-p-Itb C'' Fn-s\ a\-n
{im-]qw hnNm-cn-m aXn. ZpxJ-km-K-c-
n \np Ic-I-bdmw.
kao-: CXpw km[p-sf he-bn
hogvm-\p--Xm-Wv. B hnNmcwsImv ZpxJ-
km-K-c-n- \np Ib-dp-I-bn-. ]q-P--
nse kn-X-]m-]--fpsS ZpxJ-cq-]n-bmb
^e- A\p-`-hnp Xot ]q. Ccw
hnZym-hn-cp--amb Imcy- Fgp-Xn-h-bvm-Xn-
cp-s-n thZm-Zn-im-kv{X- Ipw-tIpw
kXym-k-Xy--f-dnv Ch-cpsS Ahn-Zym-cq-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]nbpw kmc-lo-\-hp-amb {K-sf XyPn-t-
s\. Ch-cp-m-n-h-n-cn-p he-bn \nv
Hcp ]t _pn-am\pw kw-Kn-bp-amb Bsc-
nepw c-ss-n-em-bn. PU-_p-n-Iv
Ch-cn \np tamN\w ITn\w Xs.
aqew: Pm tPWlnw `Wnbpw kqb hh-
lmcw hntkm-lnbw X PmCb hnkp
t_mln PnW-BWm cml-K-mHm
kw. Aw: Pn\m- N m- c y D]- t Z- i n
kq{Xw, \ncp-n, hrn, `mjyw, NqWnI
Fnh A\p-k-cn-p--h kZv{]-hn-I
sNp-Ibpw ZpxJ- kln-p-Ibpw sNp-
-Xp-sImv kz-`m-hn-If - mbn kuJyw {]m]n-
p-p. A\y-a-X-{K-- hmbn-m CX-km-
[y-amWv.
kao--I: hnip s]mcn-bpI apX-emb
IjvS- kln-p--XmtWm kz-`mhw?
A-s\-bm-sW-n maw sImpw ZmcnZyw
sImpw hni-p-h-e-bp--h ip-cmbn ip`-
^-e- t\tS-Xm-Wv. Ahtcm \ntfm
Cs\ t\Sp-n-. adnv ]nw tIm]npw
apw tcmKn-If - mbn ZpxJn-p-t- X-bp-q. \ymbm-
N-c-Ww, kXy-`m-j-Ww, {_-Ncyw apX-em-b-
h-bmWv [aw. AkXyw ]d-bp-I, A\ymbw
sNbvI XpS-nb ]m]-am-Wv. Fm-h-tcmSpw
{]oXn-]q-hw ]tcm-]-Imw hn-p--
Xt{X ip`-amb kz-`m-hw. ssP\-aXmcpsS
]n-Wn-In-S-epw apw [a-a-. Cu kq{Xm-Zn-
I hniz-kn-m Aev]w kXyhpw A[nIw
Ak-Xyhpw ssIhv Ftbvpw ZpxJ-km-K-
c-ns]v Dg-ep-Itb Dq.
aqew: PC PmWnkn PnW-\mtlm tembm-
bmcm hn]-c-IG `qHm Xm Xw Xw aw tXm
Il akn temA Bbm-cw(-Sn. 2. 148)
kw. AYw: D--acmb `mKy-hmm ssP\-
[-as kzoI-cn-p-p. Am-h - c
- psS `mKyw
\jvS-s-Sp-p.
kao--I: CXv A_-hpw Ak-Xy-hp-
at? A\ya-X--fn `mKy-hm-mcpw ssP\-
cn \n`m-Ky-hm-mcpw Bcp-ant? ]c-kv]cw
Ie-ln-c - p-sXpw At\ym\yw kvt\l-]qw
hn--W-sapw ]d-bp-p--tm.63 ap--
h-cp-ambn Ie-ln-p-Xv sXm-sWv ssP\
Icp-Xp-n-s-t CXn \np {Kln-t-
337
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Xv? CXpw Abp--a-t? k-\- ]c-
kv]cw kvt\l-tmsS hn-p-Ibpw ZpjvS-
mv inWw \evIn- kp-in-n-X-cm-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. {_m-W, {XnZ-WvUn-I ]cn-
{hmP- I m- N m- c y- m AYhm Xm]- k ,
kw\ymknI apX-em-b-h-scmw ssP\-cpsS
i{Xp--fm-sWv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p.64 t\mq.
Fm-h-tcbpw i{Xp-`m-h-n ImWp-Ibpw
\nn-p-Ibpw BsW-n ssP\-cpsS Zbm--
am-Zn-[a-- FmWv? A\ysc tZzjn-p--
Xn-t\-m henb lnwk-bn-. ssP\n-I-tf-
tmse tZzj-aqn-I hf-sc-p-dt ImWq.
lcn-l-cm-Zn-h-I kn-]m-X-Pz-c-mcpw Ah-
cpsS [aw hnj-Xp-ey-hp-am-sWpw Fgp-Xn-bn-
cn-p-p. 65 Ej-`-tZ-h apX alm-ho-c
hsc-bp 24 XoY--c-m cmKn-Ifpw tZzjn-
Ifpw h-Icpw ssP\ kn-]m-X-Pz-c-mcpw
Ah- c psS [aw \c- I hpw hnj- X p- e yhpw
BsWp ]d- m ssP\v F{X
AkpJw tXmpw? AXn-\m ssP\ \n,
]c-a-X-tZzjw Fo alm-t-i--fns]v Dg-
ep-I-bm-Wv. Ch ]cn-Xy-Pn-m \v.
aqew: GtKm BKpcq GtKm hnkm-hKo
tNZ AWn hnh-lmWn, X bPw PnW-Zw
]cp-cw Xw \ hnn (Sn. 2. 150)
kw. AYw: Fm `- m- c p- t Sbpw
ssZhhpw Kpcphpw [ahpw HpXs, ssNXy-
h-\w AYhm ssP\-_nw-_ - , t{X-
hkvXp- Fnh kwc-n-t-Xpw ssP\-
{]-Xn-a-Isf ]qPn-t-Xpw [a-am-Wv.
kao--I: t\mq hn{Klm-cm-[-\-bpsS
_lfw XpS- n- b Xp ssP\cn \nm- W v .
A-hn-izm-k--fpsS Cun-hpw -ssP-\-aXw
Xs.
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m-co-Xn-I
{im-Zn-\-IrXyw F {K-ns Hmw
hiv hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS {]amWw ImWmw.
t\mpI:
1 \h-ImtcW hnthmtlm. 2. A\p-k-cWw
kmhD 3. hbnPw Cta 4 tPmtKm 5. Nnb-h--
WtKm 6. b-c-JmWw Xphnln ]pOw.
63. CXv Cu KmY-bpsS AY-a - . 149-mw KmY-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.
64. Sn. 2.148\v KpW-c-Xv\m-Ic SoI-bn Fgp-Xn-cn-p-p.
65. Sn. 2.962
kXym-{]-Im-iw
1. `-mtNv Hmw \S-bn \h-Imcw
P]n--Ww. 2. cmw \Sbnepw \hImcw P]n-
nv Rm Bcm-[-I-\m-sWv kvacn--Ww. 3.
aqmw \S-bn Ap {hXw F{X-sbp Nnn-
-Ww. 4. \memw \S-bn Cs\ kvacn--
Ww. ""\mev ]pcp-jmY--fn {][m\w apn-
bmWv. AXns ImcWw m\m-Zn-I-fm-Wv.
AXns ewL\w Cm-Xmn \n-e-am-n-
bm Hu]-Nm-cn-Ia - mbn tbmK-sap ]d-bm-hp
Bdv Imc-W- e`n-pw. AXmWv tbmKw.''
Am-as \S-bn ssNXyh\ AYhm
hn{K-ls \a-kvI-cnv ]qPn--Ww. Bdm-
as - { ]- X ym- J ym- \ - \ - S - b n "\h- I m- c ko
{]apJw" hn[n-]qhw' hn[n-]qhw Rm ]d-
bp-p-v Fn-s\ [ym\n--Ww.
thsdbpw ]e hn[n-I Cu {K-n-epv.
Am-gkabv Pn\-_nw-_s XoY-c
hn{K-ls ]qPn--Ww. \S-]q-Pbpw sN-Ww.
\S-]qPbvp hfsc ]mgvN-SpI-fp-v. t{X-
-fp-mp-Xpw PotWm-m-cWw \S-p-
Xpw apn-{]-Z-am-Wv. t{X--fn hfsc
`n-tbmsS Ccp-p-thWw ]qP-\-S-t-Xv.
"\tam Pnt\-t{`yx' XpS-nb a{- sNmn-
smv Ipfn-Ww. Pe-N-\ -]pjv] [q]
Zo]ss\x -Fp ]dv An--Ww.
cXv\mcw Hmw `mKw 12-mw t]Pn hn{K-
lm- c m- [ - \ - b psS ^ew ""cmPm- h nt\m {]P-
Itm ]qP-sN-p--bm-fns\ XS-bm-\m-hp-I-
bn'' F-Xm-sW-s-gpXncnp-p.
kao-I - : CsXmw It]m-eI - e
- ]
v n-Xa
- m-W.v
hfsc ssP\-]q-PI - sc cmPmhv XS-n-p-.v
aqmw t]Pn Cs\ FgpXnbnpv
""hn{K- l m- c m- [ \sImv alm- t cm- K - fpw
htZm-j - fpw a - m-dpw, Ap ]W-n\p ]qhp-
hmn An--bm ]Xn-s\p cmPy--
[n-]-\m-bn. Abm-fpsS t]cm-Wv, Ipam-c-]m. 66
kao--I: CsXmw Ihpw hnUvVn-
Isf {]tem- ` n- n- m ]d- b p- - X p- a mWv .
]qPnv]qPnv ssP\n-Ifpw tcmKn-I-fm-bn-o-cp-
p. Hcp Xpp-cmPyw t]mepw hn{K-l-]q-P-
sImv Inp-I-bn-. Ap ]W-n\v ]pjv]m-
66.Ipam-c-]m KpP-dm-nse Hcp sNdnb cmPm-hm-bn-cp-
p. (G.-Un. 12-mw \qm-n)
338
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Pv R en \S- n- b m cmPyw Inp- s a- n
Ap ]Ww hoXw apSn ]pjv]m\
sNbvXv temIw apgp-h kzw cmPy-am-m--
sXmWv? Fn\v in-I A\p-`-hn-pp?
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sImv kwkm-c-km-Kcw XcWw
sNm-sa-n, m\w, kayKvZi\w, kz-
`mhw Fn-h-sb-n\v?
Ahn-sSs 13-mw t]Pn Fgp-Xpp:-
""tKmX-as tamXn-c-n AarXw, kvac-W-
sImv Cm-{]m]vXn''
kao--I:- A-s\-bm-sWn ssP\-
scmw Aa-cXzw {]m]n--W-am-bn-cp-p. A-
s\-bm-hp-n-. CsXmw Asc {]tem-`n-
n- m\p AS- h p- I - f m- W v . AmsX CXn-
sempw Hcp Xzhp-an-.
Ahn-Ss 52-mw t]Pn ]qPn-m-\p
tmIw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-pp:
Pe-N-\ (]p-jv])- [q-]ss\cY
X ssIcvss\-thZy- hkvss{Xx, D]-Nm-c-h-
ssccvhbw Pnt\-{m cpNnssc c Zy apZm
bPm atl.
""R Pew, N-\w, Acn, ]pjv]w, [q]w,
Zo]w, ss\thZyw, hkv{Xw, AXn-t{ijvT D]-
Nm-c- Fn-h-bm ssPt\-{sc XoY-
csc ]qPn-mw.''
kao--I: CXp-sIm-mWv hn{K-lm-cm-
[\bpsSbmcw`w ssP\-cn \nm-sWp ]d-
- X v . hnthI- k m- c - ns 21- mw hiv
""ssP\-t-{X-n tamlw IS-p-I-bn-, `h-
km-K-c-n-\--c-I-S-p--Xm-WXv'' Fpw 51-
52 hi-fn ""hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sImv apn-
bp-m-Ipp. ssP\-t-{X-n t]mbm
kZvKp-W- ssIhcpw Fpw Pe-N--\m-Zn-
I-fm XoYc-msc ]qPn-p--h \cIw
shSnv kzKspsapw 55-mw hiv
ssP\- t - { X- n Ej- ` - t Z- h apX- e mb
Xo--c-msc ]qPn-p--hv [am
Imatam-- knn-p-sapw 61-mw hiv
ssP\-hn-{K-l- ]qPn-m PK-nse kh-
hn[ ti-fpw hnsm-gn-bp-sapw Fgp-Xn-bn-
p-v.
kao--I: AhnZymbp--amb Akw`y-
h-Im-cy- ]d-bp-Xp tIq. ]m]mZn
ZpjvIa-fpw apw Cs\ shSn-bm-sa-n
kXym-{]-Im-iw
taml- a n- mbv a bpw, `h- k m- K - c - n\nv
cbpw, \c- I w- h nv kz- { ]m- ] v X nbpw ,
[amY Ima-tam--{]m-]vXnbpw Dm-Ip-sa-
n Fm ssP\cpw kh-]-Zm-fpw-
{]m]nv kpJ-hm-m-cm-Im--sX-mWv?
Cu hnth- I - k m- c - ns aqmw- h - i v
Cs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-pv ""ssP\-hn-{Klw
m]np--h Ah-sbpw Ahs IpSpw-
_-n-sbpw Pohn-Xa - mKw m]n-p-p.'' 225-
mw hiv "inh, hnjvWp apX-em-b-h-
cpsS hn{K-l- ]qPn-p-Xv Nobpw \c-
I-n-te-p hgnbpw BsWv'' Fgp-Xn-bn-
p-v.
kao--I:- inh-sbpw apw hn{K-l-
\c-I-n-tev sImp-t]m-Ip--Xm-sW-n
ssP\- h n- { K- l - A- s \- b p- - h - b t?
R-fpsS hn{K-l- XymKnIfpw, imcpw,
Zo]m- ip`-ap-{Zm-bp-hpw BI-bm \-hb - m-sWpw
inh-sbpw apw As\ Am--Xn-\m
No BsWp ]d-t-mw. Ah-tcmSv
]d-bm-\p Dcw CXmWv: \n-fpsS hn{K-
l- e--W-n\p cq] hne-]n-Sn-p
t{X-fn-emWv \nevp--Xv. N\ tIk-
cmZn hne-]n-Sn-p-hbmWv hgn-]m-Smbn Inp--
Xv. ]ns--s\-bmWv Ah XymKn-I-fm-Ip--
Xv ? inhs hn{K- l - shfn- - e pw
\nevp-p-v. Ah-ct XymKn-I? im-cm-
sWp ]d-bp-Xp icn. PU-hk - vXp- \n-
e-am-I-bm imw Xs. Fm aXntebpw
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ hyY-am-Wv.
tNmZyw: R-fpsS hn{K-l- hkv{Xm-`-
c-Wm-[n-I AWn-bp-n-. AXn-\m \-h-bm-
Wv.
Dcw: Fm-h-cpsSbpw apmsI \-hn-
{K-l- m]n-p-Xv arKo-b-am-Wv.
tNmZyw:kv{Xo-bpsS {]Xn-atbm Nn{Xtam
ImWp ]pcp-j\v Imtam-Xv]n Dm-Ip--
Xp-t]mse kw\ym-kn-am-cp-tSbpw tbmKn-I-fp-
tSbpw hn{Klw Im ip`-Kp-W- lrZ-
b-n-ep-Znpw.
Dcw: inemZn hn{K-l-n\nv \-Kp-
W- ]Ip Inp-sa-n Ah-bpsS PUX
apX-emb Xn-Ifpw ]Ip-In-pw. PU-_p-
n-bm-bm kh-\m-i-amWv ^ew IqSmsX
339
 ]{mw kap-mkw
hnZzm-m-cp-ambn _-an-msX hcp--Xp-\n-
anw aqV-Xbpw hnpw. 11-mw kapmk-
n Fgp-Xnb tZmj- Fm hn{K-lmcm-
[- \ - mpw _m[- I - a m- W v . AXp- t ]mse
ssP\n-I hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sb67 t]cn Imn-
Iq-p t]q-p-I t]mse Ah-cpsS a{-
fpw Htsd Akw-`-hy-Imcy- Fgp-Xn-h-
n-p-v. cXv\-kmcw F {K-ns Hmw
hiv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p a{w t\mp-I:-
""\tam Acn- l w- X mWw \tam knmWw
\tam Bb-cn-bmWw D_vP-Qm-bWw \tam
tem G k kmlq-Ww. Gtkm ]- \-ap-
mtcm kcv] - m-h- W
- m-ktWm awK-em-NW
N ktknw ]Vaw lhC awK-eav.'' Cu
a{-n\v henb amlm-fly-ap-t{X. Fm
ssP\- c p- s Sbpw Kpcp- a - { - a m- W nXv . CXns
amlmflyw hWn-n-cn-p-Xp Im ]pcm-
W- - f nepw X{- f nepw \mS- I - - f nepw
apap IY-I tXmp-t]m-Ipw.
{im-Zn-\-IrXyw aqmw-h-iv C{]-Imcw
ImWpp: \ap-mcw XD ]tV (9) Php-
Ipw awXm-WawtXm]-ctam -C-apn t[bm-
W-t[bw ]caw Cap-n. Xm-W-Xw
]caw ]hnw kwkmc kmW Zplm
CbmWw (10) XmWw Aw\wXp t\m An
PohmWw `h-km-btc. _ppw XmWw Caw
appw \ap-mcw kpt]m-]-bav (11) Iw,
At-K-Pw Xckw NnBWw ZplmWw
kmcocn Aam-Wp-km-Wp-km-W-av. Itmb
`mW `nh--\mtkm \ Pmh-]tm \h-
Im-catm. (12)
Aw: Cu a{- ]hn-{X--fmb ]c-
aa-{--f - mWv. [ym\-tbm-Ky-am-bh - b
- n t{ijvT-
am-Wv. Xz-f - n Xz-am-Wv. kap-{Z-n\-
c-I-S-p-hm \uI F{]-Im-ctam A{]-Im-c-am-
Wv, ZpxJ-]o-Un-X-amb kwkmcw XcWw sNp-
hm Pohm-flm-o \h-Im-c-a-{w. (9-10)
\uIbvv Xpey-am-Wv. CXns\ shSn-bp--
h kwkm-c-km-K-c-n apntm-Ip-p.
CXns\ {Kln- p- - h - c m- I s ZpxJ- sf
XcWw sNp-p. Pohm-flm-sf ZpxJ-n
\n-In, kh-]m-]hpw \in-nv, apn-Im-c-
W-am-bn-p-Xv Cu a{-a-msX asm-n-. (11)
67. t]Pv 493-495
kXym-{]-Im-iw
`h-km-K-c-ns]p hnhn[P--sf-Sp-
p Poh\v imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb
ZpxJ--f-In `h-km-K-c-n \np Ic-I-b-dp-
hm CtX-bp-. \h-Im-c-a-{s {]m]n-
msX Poh\v `h-km-K-c-X-c-W-an-. (12) Cu
Aw kq{X-f - n ]d-XmWv. An XpS-
nb AjvS-a-lm-`-b--fn \np cn-p-
Xpw Cu a{-a-msX asm--. \h-c-Xv\-
-fn sshUq-cy-a-Wn-t]m-sebpw, i{Xp-P-b-
n\v FXn-c ikv{Xw-t]m-sebpw, Fm-n-\pw
Xmtmt]m-se-bp-ap-Xm-Wn-Xv. ZzmZ-imw-Kn-
sb alm-]q-P-bpsS cl-kyhpw Cu \h-Im-c-
- w a-{-am-Wv.
Cu a{-ns A-an-XmWv: \tam
Acn-l-m-Wav =Fm-XoY--c-mpw, \a-
kvImcw. \tam knm-Wav= Fm ssP\-kn--
mpw \a-kvIm-cw. \tam Bb-cn-bm-Wav =
Fm ssP\m-Nm-cy-mpw \a-kvImcw. \tam
D_-PvQm-bm-Wav = Fm ssP\ D]m-[ym-b-
mpw \akvImcw. \tam tem G k km-
lqWav = ssP\-aXnse F{X km[p-
Cu `qan-bn-eptm Ahsmw \a-kvIm-cw.
a{--n "ssP\' kwPvR Csnepw
ssP\-{K---fn-semw ssP\-a-X-sam-gn-sI-
bp Hcp aX-mc\pw \a-kvImcw ]mSn-sp
]dn-cn--bm CXp-X-s-bmWv icn-bmb
Aw.
Xz-hn-thIw 169-mw hiv ""Bcv, Ipw
achpw tZh Fp-I-cpXn ]qPn-p-pthm
Ahv kZv^-e- e`n-pp.'' Fs-gp-
Xn-bn-p-v.
kao-I - :- Fn ]ns Zi\w \Sn
Fm-hcpw kpJ-cq-]n-bmb ^e- {]m]n-m-
-sX-mWv?
cXv \ - k mcw Hmw `mKw 10- mw hiv
]miz-\m-Ys hn{Klw Zin-m Xm]w \in-
pw. Fs-gpXnbncn-p-p. Iev]-kq-{X-`m-jy-
n 51-mw hiv ""HtIm ew t{X-
fpsS PotWmmcWw \Sn'' Fs-gp-Xn-
bn-p-v. Cs\ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-sb-n hf-sc-
tbsd Fgp-Xn-h-n-p-v. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS
aqe- I m- c Ww ssP\- a - X - a m- s Wv CXn
\nsmw {Kln-m-hp-Xm-Wv.
C\n Cu ssP\ kw\ym-kn-amcpsS eoe-
340
 ]{mw kap-mkw
II-mepw:- hnth-I-kmcw 228-mw ]pdv
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p. ""Hcp ssP\ kw\ymkn
tImi-sb thiy-bp-ambn kwt`mKw sNbvX-
Xn-\p-tijw XymKn-bmbn kzK-temIw {]m]n-
p. - h n- t h- I - k mcw 101- mw ]pdv Cs\
ImWmw. AW-I ap\n Nmcn-{X-cl - n-X\
- mbn hf-
sc- h jw Z- t k- ns hon hnj-
bt`mK sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw tZh-tem-I-
p-t]mbn. {ioIr-jvWs ]p{X\mb VwV-
W-ap-\nsb Ipdp-n ]nSnnsImpt]m-bn.
]ns Abm tZh-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
hnth-I-kmcw 158-mw ]pdv ""ssP\-kw-
\ymkn Nn-[mcn thj-[mcn am{X-am-bmepw
ip-N-cn-Xt\m Zp-cn-Xt\m Bbmepw {imh-
I ]qPn--Ww.'' Fs-gp-Xn-bn-cn-pp 168-mw
]pdv ""ssP\-km[p Zp-cn-X-\m-bmepw A\y-
a-X-nse kw\ym-kn-am-tc-m t{ijvT-\m-
Wv.'' Fs-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. 171-mw ]pd-n-s\
ImWmw: ssP\-km[p Zpcm-Nm-cnbpw Nmcn-{Xy-
lo-\\pw BsW-nepw {imh-I At-ls
tkhn-p-sImWw.'' 216mw ]pdv: "Hcp
I Ap ]nSn apSn ]dnv Nmcn-{Xy-{K-lWw
sNbvXv hfsc IjvS-s-Sp-Ibpw ]m--]n-p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. Bdmw amk-n tIh-e-
m\w {]m]nv kn-\mbn'' Fp ImWmw.
kao-: Cu kw\ym-kn-I-fp-tSbpw Krl-
-m-cp-tSbpw eoem-hn-emkw t\mp-I. alm
Zpjv I r- X y- sNbv X npw kZv K Xn {]m]-
pht{X!
hnth-I-kmcw 106mw ]pdv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
pp: ""{ioIr-jvW aqmw \c-I-n
t]mbn'' 145""[\z- cn \c- I - n
t]mbn''.148 tPmKn, PwK-a-Im-Pn, apm Fn-
h Am- \ - n s]v , hfsc X]p
sNbvXnpw bmX\ A\p-`-hn-npw ZpKXn
{]m]np Fsmw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
cXv\-kmcw Hmw `mKw 170mw hiv Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-pp: HXv hmkp-tZ-h-m AXm-
bXv {Xn]r-jvT-hm-kp-tZ-h, Zzn]r-jvT-hm-kp-tZ-
h, kzbw-`q-hm-kp-tZ-h, ]pcp-tjm--a-hm-kp-
tZ-h, knwl-]p-cp-j-hm-kp-tZ-h, ]pcp-j-]p-
WvUc - o-Ih - m-kp-tZ-h, Z-hm-kp-tZ-h, eva-
W-hm-kp-tZ-h, {ioIrjvWhm-kp-tZ-h Fn-
h-scmw ]Xn-s\m-v, ]{-v, ]Xn-\m-ev, ]Xn-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
\-v, ]Xn-s\-v, Ccp-]-Xv, Ccp-]-n-cv Fo
{Ia-nse XoY--c-m-cpsS Ime-mWv h\-
n t]mb-Xv. HXv {]Xn hmkp-tZ-h-m
AXm- b Xv Aiz- { Ko- h - { ]- X n- h m- k p- t Z- h 68,
XmcI{]Xnhmkp-tZ-h, tamZ-I-{]-Xn-hm-kp-tZ-
h, a[p {]Xn-hm-kp-tZ-h, \nipw-`-{]-Xn-hm-
kp-tZ-h, _eo-{]-Xn-hm-kp-tZ-h, {]lvfm-Z-{]-
Xn-hm-kp-tZ-h, cmh-W-{]-Xn-hm-kp-tZ-h, Pcm-
kn-p-{]-Xn-hm-kp-tZ--h Fn-h-scmw \c-I-
n t]mbn''.
Iev]-kq-{X-`m-jy-n Ej-`-tZ-h apX
alm-ho-c hsc-bp 24 XoY--c-m Fmw
tamw {]]np Fs-gp-Xn-bn-p-v.
kao-: Ch-cpsS Cu sIp-I-Y-I-sf-n
_pn-am-m Nnnp t\m-s. ssP\-kw-\ym-
kn-amcpw Krl--mcpw XoY--c-mcpw hy`n-
Nm-cn-Ifpw I-m-cp-am-bn-cp-npw kzK-n-
se-n-b-s{X. {ioIr-jvW-s\-tm-ep alm-
[man-I-cmb alm-flm- Fm-hcpw \c-I-
n t]mbn-t]mepw! Cs\ ]d-bp--sX{X
\nIr-jvS-am-Wv.
hmkvXhw ]d-m \-h-cmb Bfp-I
ssP\n-I-fp-ambn CS-s]-Sp-Itbm Ahsc Zin-
p- I tbm Acp- X v . Ah- c p- a mbn kwkKw
sNbvXm Ah-cpsS tZmj- ]I-cpw. Cu
\n_- - _ p- n- I fpw Zpcm- { K- l n- I - f p- a mbn
kwkKw sNbvXm tZmjta hp `hn-q.
Fm ssP\n-I-fn \-h-cp-ambn kwkKw
sNp-Xv Hpw tZmj-I-c-a-.
hnth-I-km-c-ns 55mw ]pdv Fgp-Xn-bn-
cn-p-Xn{]-Im-c-am-Wv- ""KwKm-Zn-Xo-,
Imin apX-emb t{X- Fnhn-Sfn
Xom-S\w \S-p--Xp-sImv ]c-amY-
sampw kn-n-pIbn. Fm Kn\m,
]meo-Sm-Wm, B_p apX-emb ssP\-Xo-
apn-hsc \evIm t]m-h-bm-Wv.
kao--I: ssih-ssh-jvW-hm-Zn-I-fpsS
t{X-fpw XoY-fpw F{]-Im-c-amtWm
PU- h - k vXp- - f mbncnp- Xv AX-
t]mseXs-bmWv ssP\n-I-fp-tS-Xpw. Ah-bn-
sem-ns\ kvXpXn-p-Xpw asm-ns\ \nn-
p-Xpw hyY-am-Wv.
68. hnjvWp-hns {]Xn-Zz-n. hnjvWp sImp-Itbm sImn-
p-Itbm sNbvXp.
341
 ]{mw kap-mkw
cXv\-kmcw Hmw `mKw 23-24 hi--fn
Cs\ ImWmw. ""alm-ho-c-XoY--c KuX-
a-t\mSp ]d-bp-p: Duz-tem-I-n kn
ine Fsmcp e-apv AXv kzK-]p-cnp
apI-fn \mev-p tbmN\ \of-n,
A{X-Xs hnkvXm-c-n Fp-tbm-P\ h-
n D-Xm-Wv. AXv app-am-etbm, ]-
ip-hn]men-t\-m shbpw {]Im-i-hp-ap-
-Xm-Wv. kz-t-m Xnf-hpw Im-
Sn-tb-m \na-e-hp-am-Wv. CXv ]Xn-\memw
temI-ns apI`m-K-m-Wv. AXn\p apI-
fn inh-]p-cs - a m\-ap-v. AXnepw ap-
]p-cp-j-m Xmn-msX hkn-p-p. AhnsS
P\\acW ZpxJ-f - n-. B\-t- a-bp-q. hop-
a-h P\-\-a-c-W-fn hcp-n-. Fm I-
-fn\npw ap-cm-W-h.'' CXt{X ssP\-
cpsS apn.
kao--I:- A\y-a-X-n kzK-hW\
]e-X-c-nepv. ssIemkw, sshIpWvTw,
{io]pcw, tKmtemIw apX-em-bh ]pcm-W
tSbpw, \memw BImiw {InkvXym-\n-If - p-tSbpw
Ggmw BImiw apow---fp-tSbpw apn-m-
\-am-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-X-s-bt ssP\n-I-fpsS
kn-in-e-bpw inh-]p-cn-bpw? apI-fn Fp
ssP\n-I ]d-bp-nSw AXn\p apI-fn-ep--
hv Xmsg-bm-bn-cn-pw. `qan-bn \apv Xmsg
]mphv \mw Bt]n-I-ambn Xmsg-
bm- W v . apIfpw Xmtgbpw hyh- m- ] nX
]Zm--f-. Bcym-h-nse ssP\n-
I apI-fn-sep ]d-bp-nSw Ata-cnmhmkn-
Iv Xmsg-bm-Wv. Xmsg-sbp ]d-bp-nSw
Ahv apI-fn-epam-Wv. B ine \mev]--p-
e--ns Ccn, sXmq-dp-ew -tImiw
hep-Xm-sW-nepw icn AXnse ap _-
\- n- e m- W v . B inebv p ]pd- n- d - n-
tmbm Ah-cpsS apn Cm-Xm-bntmIp-a-
tm. AXp-t]mse Ftmgpw AXn Ccn-p-
-Xn {]oXnbpw ]pd-p-t]m-Ip-X - n A{]o-
Xnbpw -D-m-Ipw. {]oXnbpw A{]o-Xnbpw D-
Xns\ apn Fp ]d-bm-\m-Iptam? HXmw
kap-m-k - n hn-ncn-p Xc-n-emWv
apnsbv Icp-Xp-X - mWv icn. ssP\n-If - psS
apn Hcp-Xcw _-\-am-Wv. apn hnj-b-
n ssP\cpw {`a-Pm-e-n s]n-cn-p-I-bm-
Wv. icn- b mb thZm- m- \ - n-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
eqsSbmsX apn-sb-spw Adn-bp-hm
Ign-bp-n-.
C\n -C-h-cpsS GXm\pw Akw-`hy {]kvXm-
h- - s f- g p- X mw. hnth- I - k m- c - ns 78mw
]pdv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p:- ""Hcp-tImSn Adp-
]-Xvew Ie-i-sImv alm-ho-cs\ P-
k-a-bv kv\m\w sNn-p.'' 136--mw hi-v,
ZimW- c m- P mhv , alm- h o- c s Zi- \ mYw
t]mbn. Atlw sXsm--l--cn-p. AXp
amm-\mbn AhnsS 16,77,72,16,000 C{-kz-cq-]n-
Ifpw 13,37,05,72,00,00,000 C{m-Wn-Ifpw hs-
n-bXv Iv cmPm-hn\v B-cy-am-bn.
kao--I:- C{Xbpw C{-mpw C{m-
Wn-Ipw \nevm Cs\ F{X `qtKm-f-
thn-hcpw!
{im-Zn-\-IrXyw, Bfl-\n-m-`m-h\, 31-mw
]pdv FgpXnbncn-p-p: ""_mh-Un-Ifpw69
InWdpw Ipf-fpw Ipgn-n--cpXv''
-- -fp- k-aoI:- Fm-hcpw ssP\-cm-hp-Ibpw
Bcpw Ipfhpw InWdpw Hpw Ipgn-n-m-Xn-cn-
p-IbpamsWn temI Fs\ shw
IpSnbvpw?
tNmZyw:- Ipfhpw apw Ipgn-n-m AXn
Pohn-I hogpw. Ipgn-n-p--hv ]m]-ap-m-
Ipw. AXn-\m R ssP\n-I CsXmpw
sNp-I-bn-.
Dcw: \no _pn- \ miw
hsXs\? p{Z-Po-hn-I hoWp-a-cn-p
]m]w KWn- p- t m, hen- b - P o- h n- I - f mb
]iphpw ap-ar-K-fpw shw IpSn-p-tm
e`n-p ]pWyw Fp-sImv Fp-n?
Xz--hn-thIw 196-mw ]pdv C{]-Imcw Fgp-
Xn-bn-pv: Hcp \K-c-n \-a-Wn-Im-c
F tkv _mhUn Ipgn-n-p. Abm [a-
{`-jvS-\m-hp-Ibpw ]Xn-\m-dp-tcm-K-v A[o-
\-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. acnv B _mh-Un-bn
Xs Xh-f-bmbn ]nd-p. alm-ho-cs Zi-
\- t msS Abmv ]qh- P m- X n- k va-
cWbpm-bn. alm-ho-c ]d-bpp: Rm
hcp-sp tIv, ]qh-P--nse BNm-cy-s\-
69. _mhUn Hcp-Xcw "Ipf-n-W' BWv. InW-n-\p-n-
tev ]Sn-I sIn-bn-d
- n-bn-cn-pw. AXn-eqsS Cdn
shw tImcn-sb-Sp-mw.
342
 ]{mw kap-mkw
-dnv hn-p-hm hcth, t{iWn-Is
IpXn-c-bpsS Nhn-tv acnv ip`-[ym-\-tbm-K-
m Zp-cm- F ha-l-Xz--fp
tZh- \ mbn. m\- i - n- b m Fs
kmn[yw Adnv hcn-Ibpw amlmflyw {]I-
Sn-nv, hnv aS-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
kao--I: C{]-Im-c-ap Akw-`-hy-an-Yy-
I ]d-bp alm-ho-cs\ kthm--a-s\p
Icp-Xp--Xn Ihn alm-{`mv as-pp!
{im-Zn\ IrXyw 36-mw ]pdv Fgp-Xpp:
""acn--hs hkv{Xw kw\ymkn FSp--s.''
kao--I: t\mq! kw\ymkn alm-{_m-
-W-\v70 Xpey-\mbn! hkv{Xw kw\ym-knv!
B`-cWw Bp-Xv? hne-Iq-Sp-X-ep--Xn-
\m hon hbvp-am-bn-cn-pw. Atm
kw\ym-knv Fp ]Zhn?
cXv\k- mcw Hmw-`mKw 105-mw ]pdv ImWp-
Xv: ""hd-p-Ibpw CSn-p-Ibpw s]mSn-p-
Ibpw ]mIw sNp-Ibpw sNp--Xn ]m]-
ap-v.''
kao- - I : Ch- c psS Adn- h n- mbv a
t\mq. Cu Ia--sfmpw sNbvXn-s-n
a\p-jy-cpw apw Fs\ Pohn-pw? ssP\n-
Ifpw ]WvUn-X-cmbn Np-t]m-hp-I-tb-bp-q.
cXv\-kmcw Hmw `mKw 104-mw ]pdv Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-p-Xv t\mpI: ""]qtmw Dm-
n-bm tXm-m-c\v Hcp-ew ]m]w Dm-
Ipw.''
kao--I: tXm-m-c\v ew ]m]-ap-
m-bmepw At\Iw Pohn-Iv Ce-Ifpw ]g-
fpw ]qfpw sImv B\w e`npw.
Atm tImSn-]p-Wyhpw e`npw. CXp ImWp-
-tX-bn-. CsX{X AX-bmWv!
Xz-hn-thIw 202-mw ]pdv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
pp:- ""e_v[n F kw\ymkn Adn-bmsX
Hcp thiym-Kr-l - n sNp-Ib - dn. [-t_m-
[\w \Sn `n. bmNn-p. ChnsS [a-
sampw C. AYw-sIm-p CS-]m-Sp-I-tf-
bp-q Fmbn thiy. e_v[n71 DS-s\-Xs
70. alm-{_--W F {]tbmKw NpS-e-m-c F
AY-n {]tbm-Kn-p lnn-]-Z-am-Wv.
71. e_v[n-sb-X- n\v kn Fm-WYw. Cu kns
t]cv \n-tj-W Fm-bn-cp-p.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]{--c-ew kzW \mW-b- AhnsS
hjn-p.
kao--I: CXv _pn-lo\-m-m-
Xmm\pw hniz-kn-p-hm Ign-bptam?
cXv\-kmcw Hmw-`mKw 67-mw ]pdv Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-pp: ""Hcp inem hn{Klw IpXn-c-p-
d-p-I-bdn k-cn-p-Ibpw kvacn-p--hsc
sNp cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.''
kao--I:- ]dbq ssP\tc! \n-fpsS
hoSp-I-fn Ctmgpw tNmc-m-cp-tSbpw sIm-
m-cp-sSbpw `o-Wn-bnt? kvacnv inem-hn-
{K-ls hcpn c-t\-SmsX t]meo-knepw
apw ]cmXn sImSp-m an-\-S-p--sX-n-
\m-Wv?
tizXmw-_-ccpw ZnKw-_-ccpw
C\n Ch-cpsS kw-\ymknamcpsS eWw
FgpXmw:-
1. ""kc-tPm-l-cWm ss` -`qtPm epnX
aqcvPmx, tizXmw- _ cmx am- i oem
\nxkwKm ssP\-km-[hx.
2. epnXmx ]nnIm lkvXmx ]mWn-
]m{Xm ZnKw- _ cmx Dcv zm- i nt\m Krtl
ZmXpcvZzn-Xobmx. kypcvPn-\cvjbx
3. `pMvt \ tIheo \ kv{Xo tam-
taXn ZnKw-_cmx, {]mlp-tc-jm-abw t`tZm
alm tizXmw-_sscx kl.72
ssP\-kw-\ym-kn-am-cpsS eWw ]d-bp-
hm Pn\-Z kqcn cNn--XmWo tmI-
kctPm lcWx =Nmacw [cn-pI `n-sb-
Spv `n-p-I, Xe-bnse tcm-a ep\w
(]n-gp-sX-Sp-p-I) sNp-I. tizX-hkv{Xw [cn-
p- I , a- t bmsS Pohn- p- I , BtcmSpw
kwkK-an-m-Xn-cn-pI Fo e-W - f
- p
ssP\n-Isf tizXmw-_-c Fpw PXn-I
Fpw ]d-bp-p.
cm-a-tXv ZnKw-_-c. Ch hkv{Xw [cn-
p-n-. Xe-apSn ]ngpXp If-bp-Ibpw ssIhiw
Hcp tcma-qev hbvp-Ibpw Bsc-nepw `n-
\-evIn-bm In hmn `n-p-Ibpw sNp-
p. Cu ZnKw-_-c asm-cp-Iq-w kw\ym-kn-am-
72. kh-Zi-\k
- w-{Klw Bl-XZi\w tmIw 10-12
343
 ]{mw kap-mkw
cmWv. -`n\evIp Krl- `n-n-cp--
tijw am{Xw `n-p--h-cmWv Pn\jn-I
Fp ]d-bp aqm-as - -Iqw kw\ym-kn-I
ZnKw-_-ccpw tizXmw-_-ccpw Xn C{Xtb
t`Z-ap-q. ZnKw-_-c kv{XoIv apn-bn-
s ]-m-cmWv. tizXmw-_-c Ds
]-mcpw. Ch Hbvv `n-p--h-cp-a-
. ssP\-cpsS tIi-ep-\w kh{X {]kn-
-amWv. Ap-]nSn apSn ]ngWw Fpw apw
Fgp-Xn-h-n-p-v. hnth-I-kmcw 216mw hiv
""Ap -]nSn apSn ]ngpXv Nmcn{Xyw {Kln-p.
AXm-bXv Ap ]nSn apSn ]ngpXv kw\ym-kn-
bm-bn'' Fp ImWp-p. Iev]-kq-{X-`mjyw 108-
mw ]pdv tIi-ep-\w sNbvXv ]ip-hns
tcmaw-t]mse Bp-I Fs-gp-Xn-bn-p-v.
kao--I:- ssP\ ]d-bs \n-fpsS
Zb F -[w FhnsS t]mbn? CXv lnwk-
bt? X\ntb BIs Kpcp-hm-Is, am-cm-\p-
am-Is Fp IjvS-X-bmWv Cu ep-\w-
sImv B Poh A\p-`h - n-pXv! Pohn-Isf
thZ-\n-n-p--Xn-\mWv lnwk-sbp ]d-bp--
Xv.
hnth-I-kmcw 78 hi-fn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
pp:- hn{I-am-_vZw 1633emWvtiz-Xmw-_-
cn\nv VqwVnb F Iqcpw Ah-cn\nv
tXcm-]-n-I F hn`m-Khpw Dm-b-Xv.
VqwVn-b-I hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-m-c-. `Ww
kv\m\w Fn-h-sbm-gnsI kZm Hcp XpWn--
jWwsImv hmb aqSn-s-p-p. PXn-I apX-
em-b-h ]pkvXIw hmbn-p-tm hmaq-Sn-s-
p-p. ap ka-b--fn sIp-n-.
tNmZyw: hmbvaqSn sIt-X - p-Xs. Fs-
m hmbp Imb-n AXm-bXv hmbp-hn
kqv a - i - c o- c - - f mb Pohn- I Dv . Ah
hmbn\nv hcp NqSn Np-t]m-Ipw.
AXns ]m]w apJv XpWn-sI-m--hp-
m-Ipw. AXn-\m apJv XpWn-sI-p-Xp
Xs-bmWv \-Xv.
Dcw: CXv Adn-hn-sbpw -{]-Xy-mZn
{]am-W--fp-sSbpw shfn--n bp-a-.
Poh hm-Iytam arXypthm Cm--XmWv.
AXn-\m hmbnse NqSp-sImv Ah acn-p-
I- b n- . Poh C- c - n- e p- - X m- s Wv
\nfpw AwKo-I-cn-p-p--tm.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
tNmZyw: Poh acn-p-Ib - n-. Fm apJ-
s DjvWh - m-bp-sImv Ahbvv ]oU-bp-m-
Ipw. B ]oU-bp-mp Bfn\v AXp-sImv
]m]-ap-m-Ipw. AXn-\m hm aqSn-s-p--
XmWv \-Xv.
Dcw: CXv icn-b-. ]oUn-n-msX Hcp
Pohnpw Hpw Pohn- m- Ign- b p- I - b n- .
hmbnse hmbp Gm Pohn-Iv ]oV-bp-
m- I p- s a \n- f psS A`n- { ]m- b - { ]- I mcw
k-cn-p-I, Ccn-p-I, ssIIm-ep-I Nen-n-
p-I. Ip anpI apX-em-bh - s- Impw hfsc
]oU-bp-mIpw AXn-\m \npw Pohn-
Ipw ]oU-bp-m-Ip--Xn \nsm-gn-p-
\n-evm km[y-a-.
tNmZyw: Ign-hXpw ]oU \evImsX Pohn-
Isf cn--Ww. Ign-bm-n-Sv \mw AXn\v
Ai--cm-Wv. hmbp \ndsb Pohn-I-fmWv. hm
aqSm-Xn-cp-m hfsc Pohn-I acn-pw. aqSp-
tm Ipdt acn-q.
-D-cw: CXpw bpn-iq-\y-amb ]d-n-em-
Wv. XpWn-sI-p--Xp-sImv Pohn-Iv IqSp-
X Zpcn-X-ap-m-Ipw. hmbv XpWn-sI-p--
Xp- s Imv, hmbnse hmbp Xn- \ nv
Xmtgbvtm hi-p-Iq-sStbm -au-\-am-bn-cn-p-
tm aqn-eq-sStbm Hnv in-bmbn {]h-
ln-pw. Atm NqSp IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-bm
\nfpsS A`n- { ]mb {]Imcw, IqSp- X
]oUbvp Imc-W-am-Ipw.- apdn-bpsS Pepw
hmXnepw Fmw AS-n-Sp-Itbm XpWn-bn-Sp-
Itbm sNp-tm NqSv hn-pw. Xpd-n-cp-
m A{Xbpw NqSpm-hp-I-bp-an-. AXp-
t]mse apJv XpWn-sI-p-tm NqSv A[n-
I-amIpw sIm-Xn-cp-m IqSp-I-bn-. Atm
\n-fpsS A`n-{]m-b{- ]-Imcw IqSp-X IjvSX
Pohn-Ip-m-Ipw. aqSnsptm IqSp-X
in-tbmsS hmbp ]pd-p-h-cn-Ibpw Pohn-
Iv A[nIw Zpcn-X-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.
Hcm Ipg-en-msX Xobq-Xn-bm {]h-ln-p-
-Xn-e-[nIw in-tbmsS Ipg-en-eqsS DuXn-
bm {]h-ln-pw. AXp-t]mse apJv XpWn-
sI-n-bm hmbn hmbp XS-bp-X - n-\m aqn-
eqsS i-ambn {]h-ln-p-Ibpw Pohn-Iv
IqSp-X ZpxJ-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXn-
\m hmbv XpWn-sI-p-h - t- c-m henb
344
 ]{mw kap-mkw
[m- fl m- - s I- m- - h - c m- W v . IqSmsX
XpWn-sI-n-bm A-c- th-hw D-
cn-p-hm Ign-bp-I-bn-. A\p-\m-kn-I-a-m
A-c- A\p-\m-kn-I-ambn D-cn-p--Xp-
sIm-p tZmjhpw \np-m-Ipw. XpWn-
sI-p-X - p-sImv ZpK-hpw hn-pw. ico-
c- n- \ p- n ZpK- - a m- W p- - X v . ico- c -
n\np t]mIp hmbp ZpKbp-am-
Ip--Xp-sImv CXv {]-Xy--amWv. AXns\
XS-bp--Xp-sImv ZpKw hn-pw. AS-
n iuNm-ebw IqSpX ZpK--ap-Xpw
Xpd-Xv Ipd-hp--Xp-am-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse
hmbv XpWn-sIn ]p-tX-bvmsX, Ipfn-
msX, ap--e-msX \S-p-Xpw sImv
\n-fpsS ico-c-n IqSp-X ZpK-hpw
temI-n hnhn[ tcmK--fp-mbn Pohn-
Iv ]oU-bp-m-Ip--Xp-sIm-p ]m]w
\nv Inpw.
taf-I-fnepw apw ZpKw hnv hnjq-
Nn-Ibpw apw ]Sp-]n-Snv Pohn-I ZpxJn-
p-p. ZpKw Ipd-bpw-tXmdpw tcmKhpw
Ipdbpw. Pohn-Iv ]oU-Ip-d-bpw. AXn-\m
IqSp-X ZpKw han-n-p \n A]-
cm-[n-Ifpw hmbvaq-SmsX, ]p-tX-p-Ibpw Ipfn-
p-Ibpw ap-e-p-Ibpw apw sNp--h
\ntfm \-hc - p-am-Wv. Ay-Pc - psS ZpK-
-hp-ambn kl-h-kn-p--Xn \n-Ip
\nevp-Xv hfsc \-XmWv. kl-h-kn-p--
h-cpsS _pn ]hn-{X-ambncn-p-n-. AXp-
t]mse \n-t fmSp kl-h -k n-p-- h - cpsS
_pnbpw hnp- n- . tcmKm- [ n- I yhpw
_pn-lo-\Xbpw Dm-bm [am-\p-jvSm-\-
n\v - _m[-Ia - m-Ipw. AXp-t]m-se-bmhmw, ZpK-
-bp--cmb \npw \ntfmSp kl-h-
kn-p-hpw! ]p tXm \n-fpsS
hmb AXyw ZpK--]qW-am-bn-cn-pw.
\n Bcp-sS-sb-nepw kao-]tam Bsc-
nepw \n-fpsS ASptm hm \m-a-
msX as-p-mIpw! CXym-Zn.
tNmZyw: AS- nv hon Fcn- b v p
XobpsS NqSv shfn-bnsNv A\y-Po-hn-Iv
D]-{Zhw sNm--Xp-t]mse R hmb-Sv
sIn hmbp-hns\ XSv shfn-bn-ep Pohn-
Iv Ipdp ZpxJw-am{Xw \evIp-p. hmb-Sv
sIp- XpsImv ]pd- p Pohn- I v
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]oU-bp-m-Ip-n-. ap]n An-Pz-en-p-
tm ssI- S w- s Imv apJv A[nIw
NqtSp-Xv XS-bm-hp-X - m-Wt- m. hmbp-hnse
Poh-I ico-ca - p-h - b
- m-Ib - m Ahbvv \n-
b-ambpw ]oU-bp-m-Ipw.
Dcw: \n-fo--dbp-Xv _men-i-am-Wv.
AIs hmbp- h n\v ]pd- t - h mbphpambn
kn----Xp-t]mse On{Z--fn-sn
AIta Xosb-cn-bp-I-bn-. Bs-nepw AXv
{]Xy-ambn ImW-W-sa-n Nqf-bn Xo
Inv AXns Zzmc--sfmw AS-p-t\m-p-
I. Xo DSt\ sISpw. `qan-bnse Pohn-Iv
]pd-ta-bp hmbp-hp-ambn k-an-msX
Pohn- p- h m Ign- b p- I - b n- . AXp- t ]mse
Xobpw Ip-I-bn-. Hcp hi-p-\npw An-
bpsS thKw XS-m adp-h-i-p-IqSn AXn-
thKw Pzenpw ssI-n-sImv NqSp-X-S-
m apJv A[nIw NqtS-evp-I-bn-s-
nepw ssInbn IqSp-X NqSp-Xpw.
AXn-\m \n ]d-Xp icn-b-.
tNmZyw: hen-b-h-tcmSv sNdn-b-h sNhn-
bn kwkm-cn-p-Xv hm s]mnsmm-Wv.
Xp sXdn-m-Xn-cn-p--Xn\pw ZpKw
Adn- b m- X n- c n- p- - X n\pw thn- b m- W v .
]pkvXIw hmbn-p-tm Xp hoWv AXv
Fn-em-bn-tm-Ipw. GXm-bmepw hmb-Sv sIp-
Xv \-Xm-Wv.
Dcw: Poh-c-bvv hmb-Sp-sI-p-Xp
shdp-tX-bm-sW-n-Xn\np hy-am-Ip-p.
henb Bfp-I-tfmSp sNhn-bn kwkm-cn-p-
tm hmbv ssIhbv-p-Xv clkyw
Bcpw tIm-Xn-cn-p--Xn-\mWv. ]c-ky-amb
Imcyw ]d-bp-tm Bcpw hmbv ssI
hbv m- d n- . clkyw ]d- b m- \ m- W n- s Xp
hyw.
hmbv ssIs]m-p--Xp-sImv thsd
{]tbm-P-\-fpw Dv. Nne-cpsS ap]nhv
clkyw ]d-bp-tm hmbv ssIh-bvm-
-]w hmbp-]-c-p--Xp-t]mse cl-kyhpw
]c-pw. Fm cp-t] Xn GIm--
ambn kwkm-cn-p-tm hmbv ssIh-
bvm-Xv clkyw tIm am-cp-an-m--
Xp-sIm-m-Wv. henb hcpsS tZlv Xp
sXdn- - c p- s X- t - b ptm? sNdn- b - h - c psS
345
 ]{mw kap-mkw
tZlv sXdn-mtam? Xp hogpXn\nv
Hgn-bm kmy-a-. Zqsc-\np kwkm-cn-mepw
hmbp- h n- e qsS Dan- \ o- c ns {Xk- t c- W p-
hym]n-pw. CXv tZmj-am-sb-p-Xv A-
X-bm-Wv.
hmbnse NqSp- s Imv Pohn- I acn- p-
satm Ahbvv ]oU-bp-m-Ip-satm ]d-
bp--]-w, ao\w taS-am-k-nse kqcys
NqSp-sImv hmbp-hnse H Pohn-t]mepw acn-
msX tijn-p-I-bn-. B NqSp-sImpw
Poh acn-n-. Fs-m Poh acn-p--
X-. AXn-\m \n-fpsS Cu knmw I-
am-Wv. \n-fpsS XoY--c-m hnZzm-m-cm-bn-
cp-s-n Ccw s]m--c- ]d-bp-
am-bn-cp-n-.
t\mq, Poh\v ]oU-bp-m-Ip-Xv AXns
{]hrn Ah-b-h--fp-ambn _-s-n-cn-p-
tm- g mWv . CXn\v {]amWw ""]m- h - b h
tbmKmXv kpJ-kw-hnnx''73 F kmwJy-kq-
{X-amWv. An-{n-b-pw Ap hnj-b-
-tfmSp _-ap--tm-gmWv kpJ-Zpx-J-
Poh\v A\p-`q-X-am-Ip--sX-w. _[n-cs\
`n- p- - X pw, As ap]n IpSn
ktam, ISp-htbm `b-s-Sp-p ap Pohn-
Itfm t]mIp-Xpw, ]o\k tcmKn-sb-smv
aW-n-p-X - pw. kzmZ-dn-bm-h- s\ cpNn-n-p-
Xpw shdp-sX-bm-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv Pohn-
I-fpsS hyh-bpw. t\mq! a\p-jy-Po-h
kpjp-]vXm-h-kvY-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm AXn\v
kpJtam ZpxJtam Adn-bm Ign-bp-n-. ico-
c-n-\p-n hn-p-s-nepw _mlym-h-
b-h--tfmSv _w Cm--Xp-sIm-m-Wn-Xv.
sshZy-m AYhm A[p-\nI tUmIvSam
ab-p-a-cpp sImSpv tcmKnsb ikv{X-{Inb
sNptm Ahv thZ\ tXmm-Xp-
t]mse hmbpImbPohn-Ipw mhcico-
c-ap Pohn-Ipw kpJ-Zpx-J--fp-m-Ip-n-
. aqn-X-\mb Pohn kpJ-Zpx-J- A\p-`-
hn-m--Xp-t]mse hmbpImb-n-sebpw ap
Pohn-I AXyw aqn-X-cm-I-bm kpJ
ZpxJ- Adn-bp-n-. ]ns--s\-bmWv
Ahbvv ]oU-bp-m-Ip-sp ]d-bp-Xv?
73. 527
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ahbvv kpJ-Zpx-J--fpsS {]m]vXntb {]Xy-
-a - m-Xn-cnt A\p-am-\m-Zn-Ipw {]k-n-
bn-.
tNmZyw: Ah Pohm-flm-f - m-bn-cns kpJ-
Zpx-J- Fp-sImv Dm-Ip-n?
Dcw: tIq ]mhw ktlm- Z cm!
\n kpjp-]vXn-bn-em-bn-cn-p-tm kpJ-
Zpx-J- Adn-bm--sX-m-Wv? kpJ ZpxJ-
{]m- ] v X n- b psS tlXp "kw_- - ' am- s Wv
{]kn-w. ikv{X-{In-b-bpsS DZm-l-c-Ww. ]d-
p-htm. AXp-t]mse AXn-aqn-X-cmb
Pohn-Is-s\ kpJ-Zpx-J- Dm-Ipw?
Ahbvv Ah-bpsS {]m]vXn-p-X-Ip km-[-
\--sfmpw C.
tNmZyw: t\mq. R ]-d - n-I, I-
- thcp-I Ch-sbmpw `n-p-n-.
]-d - n-If
- n At\-Ih
- pw, I-aq-e- f - n A\-
hpw Pohm-flm--fp-v. Ah `n-m B
Bflm-sf sImm\pw ]oUn-n-m\pw CS-
bm-hp-Ibpw As\ R ]m]n-I-fm-hp-
Ibpw sNpw.
Dcw:- CXp \n-fpsS ISp Am-
\-am-Wv. ]--dn-I `n-m Pohn-Isf
sImp-Ibpw ]oUn-n-p-Ibpw sNm-\n-Sb - m-Ip-
sav Fs\ hniz-knpw? ]oUbp-m-Ip-
Xv {]Xy--ambn ImWmtam? ImWm-sa-n
R- t fbpw ImWn- q. ImWmt\m ImWn-
mt\m km[n-p-I-bn--X-s. {]Xy--a-
s-n A\p-am-\tam D]-am-\tam i_vZ{]am-
Wtam Hcn-epw _m[-I-am-hp-I-bn-. t\cs
]d-p-h ImcyXs Chn-sSbpw D-
c-am-Wv. AXy-m-Im-c-n74 alm-kp-jp-]vXn-
bn, alm-a--X-bn Ign-bp Pohm-flm-hn\v
kpJ-Zpx-J- A\p-`q-X-am-Ip-sap ]d-bp--
Xn \nv \nn-cw bpn-I-fpw hnZym-
hn-cp--am-b D]-tZ-ihpw \evInb XoY--c-m-
cpsS AX shfn-hm-Ip-p-v. hoSv \inp
Fp ]d-m AXn-\p-n-ep-h Fs\
\in-msX Al-ambncnpw? CXp-t]mse
Ing- p- I \in- p- Xv \mw ImWp- p.
Atm AXnse Pohm- fl m- \in- p-
74. Akpcym \matX temIm At\ Xa-km-hrXmx (bPq
40.3) A-X-akv alm--Imcw Bflm--C-{n-b--hn-
jb _cm-ln-Xyw.
346
 ]{mw kap-mkw
Ibnt? CXn \nv \n-fpsS hmZw Hpw
Ig-n-m--Xm-sWp ImWmw.
tNmZyw:- \n shw NqSm-msX IpSn-
p-Xv alm-]m-]-am-Wv. R NqSm-ntb
IpSn-q. As\ \nfpw sN-Ww.
Dcw: CXpw a--c-amWv. shw Xnf-
n-p-tm AXnse Pohn-Ifpw Nmhpw. Ah-
bpsS ico-chpw AXn InS-p-shv Poc-I-
shw t]mse-bmIpw. B ico-c-fpsS A-
amWv \n IpSn- p- - X v . AXp- s Imv
\n alm-]m-]n-I-fm-Wv. ]-shw IpSn-p-
-hsc B tZmjw _m[n-p-I-bn-. shw
hb- n sNp- t m- g p- m- t b- m- h p
sNdpNqtSv kqvaPohn-I aqnqSn ]pd-
tp t]mtb-mw. Pe-Imb Pohn-Ipw
ap]p ]d--Xp-t]mse kpJ-Zpx-J- A\p-
`q- X - a m- h p- I - b n- . AXn- \ m CXp- s Imv
Bpw ]m]w Dm-hp-I-tb C.
tNmZyw: hb-nse NqtSp Poh-m ]pd-
p-t]m-Ipw-t]mse NqSm-p-tmgpw t]mIp-I-
bnt?
Dcw: t]mIp-I-Xs sNpw. Fm
\n-fpsS hmZ-a-\p-k-cnv hmbnse NqtS-m
Poh-m Nmhpw. NqSp-]n-Sn-n-m Nmhpw. As-
n Nne-tm hfsc ]oU-tbp ]pd-tp
t]mtbpw. Ah-bpsS icocw sh-n
shp-tN-cpw. CXp-sImv \n IqSp-X
]m]n-I-fm-hp-I-bnt?
tNmZyw:- R kzbw shw Xnf-n-p-
I-bn-. Krl--m-tcmSv shw Xnf-n-m
]d-bp-Ibpan-. AXn-\m Rv ]m]-an.
Dcw:- \n NqSp-shw hmp-Itbm
IpSn-p-Itbm sNm--]w Krl--m
AsX-n\p NqSm-Ww? AXn-\m ]m]-n\-
h-Im-in-I \n Xspam{X-a. A[n-I-
]m-]-n\pah-Im-in-I Xs. GsX-nepw
Hcm-fn-t\mSv shw Xm-dmn hbvm- ]d-
m Hcn-Sp am{Xta sNq. kzman GXp-
ho-n-emWv hcp--sXv Adn-hn-m Krl-
Ah-ch - c- psS hoSp-If
- n-semw shw Xnf-
n-p-sh-bvpw. B ]m]-n\v apJy Ah-Im-
in-I \n Xs.
IqSmsX IqSp-X hndIpw apw In-p-
I-f-bp--Xp-sImv aps]-gp-Xn-b-Xp-t]mse ]m-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
NIw, Irjn, hym]mcw apX-embh sNbvXv-
IqSpX ]m]n-I-fm-bn-o-cp-p. shw Xnf-
n-p-hm apJy-Im-cW-m-c \n--fmWv.
XWp-Xp IpSn--cp-Xv. Xnf-n-tX IpSn-m-
hq Fp-]-tZ-in-p--Xp-sImv \nfpw ]m]-
n\v `mK-`m-p-I-fm-Wv. \n ]d-bp--X-\p-
k-cnp--hcpw ]m]n-I-fm-bno-cp-p.
t\mq! \n alm Am-\ - n s]n-
cn--bt? sNdp-IoS--tfmSp ZbImp-I, A\y-
a-X-sc \nn-p-Ibpw D]-Imcw sNm-Xn-cn-
p-Ibpw sNbvI. Ch ]m]-at? \n-fpsS
Xo--c-m-cpsS hmp-I icn-bm-sW-n
krjvSn-bn Fn-\m-Wn{Xbpw agbpw, \Zo-{]-
hm-l--fpw, Pe-cm-in-bpw Cuiz-c krjvSn-
Xv? kqcy-s\bpw krjvSn--cp-Xm-bn-cp-p. Ch-
\n-anw tImSm-\p-tImSn Poham \nfpsS
knm--a-\p-k-cnv acn--Sn-bp-p-mI-Ww.
\n hniz- k n- p Cuiz- c Zb- h mbn
kqcys NqSpw taL-ns \ohpw Fp-
sImv \nb-{n-p-n? ap]v ]d-Xp-
t]mse {]hr-n-sbmpw sNmsX I-aq-em-
Zn-Ifn hn-p Pohamv kpJ-Zpx-J-
-sfmpw Dm-Im ]mSn-. Fm-bvt]mgpw
Fm Poh-m-cnepw Zb-hp-Im-p-Xpw ZpxJ-Im-
c-W-am-bn-cn-pw. Fs-m \n-fpsS aX-a-
\p-k-cnv Fm-hcpw a\p-jy-cm-hp-Ibpw I-
mpw sIm-mpw Bcpw in-\evIm-
Xn-cn-p-Ib
- p-am-sW-n F{X henb ]m]-amWv
Dm- I m- h p- Xv ! AXn- \ m Zpjv S - mv
tbmPn in \evIp--Xnepw t{ijvT-msc
]cn-]m-en-p--Xn-ep-amWv Zb. CXn\p hn]-co-
X-ambn sNp ]w Zb--a Fn-h-bpsS
cq]-n-ep [aw \in-p--Xm-bn-cnpw.
F{Xtbm ssP\n-I I-hSw \S-p-Ibpw,
AXn Iw ]d-bp-Ibpw, ]c-[\w Ih-cp-
Ibpw, Zo\sc NqjWw sNp- I - b pw- ap
ZpjvIa- sNpp! Ahsb \nhm-cWw
sNpXn\v Fp-sImv D]-tZiw \evIp-
n? hmbvaqSn sIpI XpS-nb Xn-p-I-fn
am{Xw s]p Ign-bp--sX-n\v?
\n injy--am-scbpw injy-I-sfbpw
kzoI-cn-p-tm tIi-ep-\w. hf-sc-\m
D]-hmkw apX-em-bh sNnv hfsc ]oUn-n-
p-nt? ]oU-I- Gphmn, Bfl-lXy
AYhm Bfl-t{Zmlw sNp--hcmb \n-
347
 ]{mw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw
FpsImv lnwk-I-cm-Ip-n-? 9. kphn-[n-\m-Y 100 200000
B\, IpXn-c, H-Iw, Imf apX-embhsb 10. ioXe\m-Y 90 100000
khm-cn-p-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xpw a\p-jysc Iqen- 11. t{ibmwk\m-Y- 80 8400000
-Wnp \ntbm-Kn-p-Xpw ]m]-am-sb-m-- 12. hmkp]qPy-kzman 70 7200000
sX-p-sImv? \n-fpsS injym hf-sm-
Sn Imcy-sf kXy-am-m Ign-hn-m--h- 13. hna-e-\m-Y 60 6000000
cm-sW-n \n-fpsS Xo-c -
- mpw Ign- 14. A\--\m-Y 50 3000000
hn-. 15. [a-\m-Y 45 1000000
\n IYm-{]-h-N-\- \S-p-tm 16. imn-\m-Y 40 100000
t{imXm--fmbn hcp--h \nanw \nfpsS 17. Ip-\m-Y 35 95000
aX-a-\p-k-cnv hgn-bn ]e Poh-mcpw acn-t-
mw. CXp-sImv \n Cu ]m]-ns 18. Aa-c-\m-Y 30 84000
apJy Imc-W-m-cm-hp-I-bnt? C{Xbpw ]d- 19. ao-\m-Y 25 55000
p- X n\nv Pe, e, hmbp- - f nse 20. ap\n-kp-hr-X 20 30000
mhc ico-cn-I-fmb AXyw aqn-X-cmb 21. \an-\m-Y 14 10000
Poh-m-v ZpxJtam kpJtam Hcn-epw
22. t\an-\m-Y 10 1000
Dm-Ip-n Fp a\-n-em-btm.
23. ]miz-\m-Y 9 100
XoY--c-m-cpsS ico-chpw Bbp-pw.
24. alm-ho-c-kzman 7 100
ssP\n-I-fpsS GXm\pw Akw-`hy IY-
IIqSn FgpXmw. tIWw Fp am{X-a- kao--I: Cu Ccp-]-n-\mep XoY--
, \psS Hcp amdv aq-c-am-dns "[\pjv' c-m-cmWv ssP\n-If - psS aXw \S-m-nb BNm-
BsWpw HmWw. Ime-b-fhv t\ct cy-mcpw Kpcp--mcpw. ssP\n-I Chsc
FgpXnbpp--Xp-am-Wv75. Cuiz- c - m- c mbn KWn- p- p. Ch- s cmw
tamw {]m]n-p-h-t{X.
cXv \ - k mcw Hmw`mKw hiw 166- 167
Cs\ FgpXnbnp--Xp-amWv75. a\p-jyv C{Xbpw hep-Xmb ico-chpw
Bbppw Dm-Iptam Fp _pn-am-m
Nnnp t\ms. Cu `qan-bn C{Xbpw
henb, Ipd-m-fp-It ]mm-\m-hq. ssP\n-
Isf A\p-I-cnv ]pcm-W-m Hcp ew, ]Xn-
\m-bncw, Hcm-bncw hoXw hjw Bbpv k-
XoY--cs t]cv ico-c-h-enw Bbpkv ev]n-p-Xpw Akw-`-hy-am-bn-cnt, ssP\n-I-
([-\p-jv) ]qh-hjw76 fpsS {]kvXmhw Fs\ icn-bm-Ipw.
1. Ej-`-tZ-h 500 hjw 8400000 C\nbpw tIq. Iev]-`mjyw 4mw hiv
2. APn-X-\m-Y 450 7200000 ImWmw. ""\mK-tI-X {Kma-ns hep-ap
Iv hnc-en s]mn. Iev]-`mjyw t]Pv 35--a-
3. kw`-h-\m-Y 400 6000000 lm- h o- c - s]cp- h n- c sImv `qansb
4. A`n-\- 350 5000000 Aanbtm tij-\mKw hnd-p-t]mbn! Sn.
5. kpa-Xn-\m-Y 300 4000000 hiw 46 alm- h o- c s\ kw ISnp.
6. ]fl-{]-` 140 3000000 tNmcbvp ]Icw ]mev ]pd-p-h-p. B
kw Fmw kz-n t]mbn. Sn. hiw 47-
7. ]miz-\m-Y 200 2000000 -a-lm-ho-cs Imen ]mbkw hp. Imev
8. N{-{]-` 150 1000000 s]mn-bn-. Sn. hiw 16--sN-dn-sbmcp ]m{X-
n H-Is Ibn Ccpn. cXv\-kmcw
75. t]Pv 659. 1mw `mKw hiw 14 ico-c-nse Agp-p- I-f-
76. t]Pv 659 t\mpI

348
 ]{mw kap-mkw
b-cp-Xv, sNmdn-b-cp-Xv. hnth-I-kmcw 1mw `mKw
hiw 15--Z-a-km-c F kw\ymkn {Ip-\mbn
DtZz-K-P-\I kq{Xw P]nbpw \K-c-n\p
Xo]n-Sn-n-bpw sNbvXp. Ctlw alm-ho-c-
XoYcs CjvS-`mP-\-am-bn-cp-p. hnth-I-
kmcw `mKw 1-hiw 127 ""cmPm-hns B
\n-b-ambpw A\p-k-cn--Ww.'' Sn hiw 227
tImi- s b thiy Xfn- I - b n ISpIv
Iqmcw Iqn, AXn\p apI-fn,, ]q-fm
aqSnb kqNn-I \nn AXn-t \rw
sNbvXp. Imen kqNn-sIm-n-. ISp-In
Iqmcw NnX-dn-bpan-!! XzhnthIw hiw
228- ""Cu tImim- t h- i y- t bm- s Smv Hcp
kvXqe-ap\n ]{-p-hjw t`mKw sNbvXp. 1
hiw 186 Hcp kns Igp-n AWn-n-
cp Xq-hme Hcp I-h-S-m-c\v Znh-khpw 500
\mWbw hoXw \evIntmp. hnth-I-kmcw:
1mw `mKw hiw 228--_-e-hm-\mb ]pcp-js
B, tZhm-, tLmc-h-\-n IjvS-
sp ]mp-I, Kpcp, amXm-]n-Xm-, Ipe-
Kpcp _p-P\w, [tam-]-tZ-jvSmhv Fn-h
FXnpI Fo Ah--I-fn [a-\yq-\X
Dmbmepw [a-lm\n kw`-hn-p-n-.''
kao--I:- Ch-cpsS Cu I--Y-I
tItm? 1. Hcp a\p-jy\v {Kma-ns hep--
ap Iv hnc-en Xqm Ftm-sg-nepw
Ign-bptam? 2. `qan-bn s]cp-hn-c Aan-
bm, `qan A\-ptam? ]ns, Cm tij-
\mKw hnd-bvp--sX-s\? 3. icocw apdn-
m ]mep-h-cp-Xv Bcm\pw In-ptm?
C{-Pmew Xs! At-ls ISn kw
kzKpw alm-flm-hmb {ioIr-jvW\pw apw
aqmw \c-I-nepw t]mbt{X! F{X _meni
Pev]\w! 4. alm-ho-cs Imen ]mbkw
]mIw-sN-bvXm Imep-s]m-m-Xn-cn-p--sX-
s\? 5. sNdn-b]m-{X-n HIw Fs\
Ib-dpw? 6. ico-c-nse Agp-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw
sNmdn-bp-Ibpw sNm--h ZpK--cq]nbmb
alm-\-cIw A\p-`-hn-p-p-mIpw! 7. \Kcw
XoI-n kw\ym-kn-bpsS Zbbpw abpw
Fhn- s S- t m- b n? alm- h o- c s kwkKw
sImpw Abm ]hn-{Xm-flm-hm-bn-s-n,
Atlw acn--Xn-\p-tijw B{i-bn-p--hcpw
]hn-{X-c-cm-Ip-I-bn-. 8. cmPm-hns B
A\p-k-cn--Ww. ]t ssP\ hWnp-Ifm-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
I-bm-et{X cmPm-hns\ `b-sv Cs\ FgpXn
h-Xv. 9 tImim-th-iy-bpsS icocw F{X emL-
h-ap-Xm-bmepw ISp-Ip-Iq-m-c-n kqNn-
\mn \rw sNbvXm kqNn-sIm-m-sXbpw
ISpIv Cf-Im-sXbpw Ccn-n-. alm I-amWv
B ]d-Xv. 10 Hcmpw Hc-hbnepw icn
[aw shSn-bm-hp--X-. 11 Xqhme XpWn-bm-
Wv. AsX-s\ 500 \mWbw sImSppw?
Cs\ Ch-cpsS \S-m IY-I-sf-gp-Xn-b-
tm ssP\-cpsS ]pkvXI - s- -p-t]mse hfsc
hep--ap--Xm-bn-ocpw. AXp-sImv A[nIw
Fgp-Xp-n-. AXm-bXv Ch-cpsS {K-fn
Aev]-sam-gnsI, asmw I--Y-I am{X-
am-Wv. t\mpI:
tZmkkn tZmc-hn ]Vta. ZpKpWm eh-
Wmwan [mb-C-kwtU hmck kkn hmck
chn. Xan Cw \nZn kkn chntWm XnKpWm
]pn-e-Pbm AW--cm-W-cw anJn-an
Imtem G _bmem _nk-cn ]pkvIc Zzwan
({]-Im-cW `mKw 4, kw{K-l-Wo-kq{Xw 77-
78)
ew tbmP\ \mep-ew tImiw
hnkvXr-X-amb Pw_p-Zzo-]-n-s\-n Fgp-Xn.
Hm-as Zzo]v AXm-Wv. CXn cp N{-
mcpw cp kqcy-m-cp-ap-v. AXp-t]mse
ehW kap-{Z-n Ccn \m-ep-ho-X-amWv
kqcy-N-{-m [mX-Io-_--n ]{p
hoX-hp-am-Wv. CXns aqn-cn ap-n-bm-dm-
Wv. AXn-t\mSv Pw_p-Zzo-] - ns cpw ehW
kap-{Zns \mepw Iqn 42 hoXw kqcy-tXm-
N-{-m Imtem-Z-[n--S-en Dv.
CXp-t]mse ASp--Sp Zzo]p-I-fnepw IS-
ep-If- nepw B \mev]- n-c - ns aqn-c- n-bmb
\qn-cp-]-n-bmdv hoX-ap-v. AXn [mX-Io-J-
WvU-n ]{-v, eh-W-k-ap-{Z-n \mev,
Pw_p-Zzo-]n cv Fnh Iqn \qn \mev]-
n-\mev hoXw kqcy-N-{-m ]pjvIc Zzo]-
n Dv. CXv a\p-jy-hm-k-ap ]IpXn
es IW-m-Wv. a\p-jy ]mm-n-
Sv hfsc kqcy- N - { - m- c p- v . ]pjv I c
Zzo]ns adp-]-IpXnbnse kqcy-N-{-m \n-
e-cm-Wv. Cu 144s aqn-c-n-bmb 432-t\mSv
Pw_p-Zzo-]-nse Cucpw ehW kap-{Z-
nse \m- e pw, [mX- I o- J - W v U - nse
]{phoXhpw Imtem- Z - [ - X n- b nse 42
349
 ]{mw kap-mkw
hoXhpw kqcy-N-{-msc Iqp-tm 492 hoXw
kqcy- N - { - m ]pjv I - c - k - a p- { Z- n- e p- v .
CsXmw {ioPn- \ - ` {ZKWo- am {ia- W
"kwL- b Wn"bnepw tbmXn- k - I - c - W v U I
]b' bnepw N{-]--Xn, kqc-]-Xn Fo
{]apJ knm-{- K- - fnepw ]d-n-p-X
Wv.
kao--I: `qan-im-kv{Xhpw tPymXn-m-
kv{Xhpw Adn-bm-hp--h tIWw! Cu
`qtKm-f-n Hcp-h-iv 492-w adp-h-iv
Akw-Jyhpw kqcy-N-{-m Dsv ssP\
hniz-kn-p-p. thZ-aX - m-\p-bm-bn-If - mb \n
kqcy-kn-mw apX-emb tPmXnx-im-kv{X-{K--
-fpsS A[y-b\w sImv icn-bmb `q-hm\
imkv{Xw {KlnXv \n-fpsS `mKyw. As-
n ssP\n-I-fpsS alm A-Im-c-a-X-n
s]v Pw apgp-h\pw Cmes ssP\n-I-sf-
tmse Dg-ep-am-bn-cp-p. Cu Am-\n-I
Icp-Xn-bXv henb Pw_p-Zzo-]n Hcp kqcy\pw
N{\pw t]msc-m-Wv. C{X henb `qansb ap-
Xp-\m-gnIsImv kqcy-N-{-m Npp--sX-
s\? `qan Ch-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-n kqcy-
t\-m hep-Xm-Wv. Chp ]nb Ghpw
henb sXv CXm-Wv.
tZmk-kn-tZm-chn ]wXn GK--cnbm Ok-
Tn-kw-Jmbm tacpw ]bm-ln-WwXm amWp-k-
Jnt ]cnAUwXn ({]-I-cW `mKw 4-kw-
{K-l-Wo-kq{Xw 79)
AYw: a\p-jy-tem-I-n kqcy-N-{-m-
cpsS ]MvnbpsS kwJy ]d-bpp: cp
N{-mcpw cpkq-cy-mcpw tNXv ]Mvn
(t{i-Wn)-bmWv. Ah Hmtcm-ew tbmP-\,
AXm- b Xv \mep- e w tImiw AI- e - n-
\pn k-cn-p-p. Hcp kqcy-]MvXnp-
n Hcp N{-]Mvn, Hcp N{-]Mvnbn
Hcp kqcy- ] Mvn Fn- s\ \mep
]MvnIfp-v. Hmtcm N{]Mvnbnepw 66
N{-mcpw Hmtcm kqcy-]Mvnbnepw 66 kqcy-
mcpw Dv. Cu \mep-]Mvnbnepw Pw_p-Zzo-
]nse tacp ]h-X-ns\ {]Z-nWw hv
a\pjy t{X-n {`aWw sNp-p. AXm-
bXv Pw_p-Zzo-]-nse tacp-hn\nv Hcp
kqcy sXtmp k-cn-p-tm asmcp
kqcy hS-tmv k-cn-p-p. AXp-t]mse
eh-W-k-ap-{Z-nepw Hmtc Znn-tev Cu
kXym-{]-Im-iw
csw k-cn-p-p. AXp-t]mse 66 kqcy-
m sXtmpw 66 kqcym hS-tmpw
AXm-Xns {Ia-n Ncn-p N{-msc
Iqn-bm 132-w AXp-t]mse 66 hoXw Ccp-h-
i-tpw Ncn-p N{-msc Iqn-bm
- m- 132w a\- j y- t em- I - n Ncn- p- pv .
Cs\ N{- m- s cm- s Smw \- { X-
]MvnIfpw Htsdbp-s--dn-b-Ww.
kao--I: t\mq ktlm-Zcm! Cu `qan-
bn 132 kqcy-mcpw 132 N{-mcpw ssP\-
cpsS hoSp-I-fn {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-p-m-hmw.
Fn-eh - Fs\ Ign-p-IqSpw? cm{Xn-bn
XWpv hnd-bvp-p-m-hpw. Ccw Akw-
`h Imcy-fn `qan imkv{Xhpw tPmXn-im-
kv{Xhpw Adn-bmbmfp-I s]p-t]m-tb-
mw. amcpw s]Sp-I-bn-. Hcp kqcy Cu `qan-
tb-tmse a-t\Iw `qtKm-f-sf {]Im-in-n-
p-sa-n-cns, Cu sNdnb `qan-bpsS IY-sb-
p-]-d-bm! AXp-t]mse, `qan Id-m-Xn-cn-
p-Ibpw kqcy `qansb {`aWw sNpI-bp-
am-sW-n Zn\-cm-{X- hj--tfmfw
\op-\n-evp--h-bm-Ipw. kptacp, lnam-e-b-
a-msX asm--. AXv kqcys apn, IpS-
ns kao]w ISp-Ip-a-Wn-sb--Xp-t]m-se-bp-
an-. Cm-cy--sfmw ssP\ Ah-cpsS aX-
n XpS-cp-thmfw {Kln-p-Ib - n-. kZm A-
Im-c-n Ign-p-Iq-Sp-Itb Dq.
ka-N - c
- W kln-bm-kw temKw ^ptk-
\n-c-h-tkkw kb N DZ-k-`mG ]wNb
kpb-tZ-k-hn-cCu G. ({]-I-cW `mKw 4
kw{K-l-Wo-kq{Xw 135)
AYw: kayIv Nmcn-{Xy-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb tIh-
en-I, tIhe kap-ZvLm-Xm-h--bn ]Xn-
mev temI-cm-Py--fnepw kzw Bfl-{]-
tZiw cNnv k-cn-p-p.
kao--I: ssP\n-I- 14 cmPy--fw-Ko-
I-cn-p-p. AXn 14--m-atXn-s apI-fn
khmY-kn-n-tKm-]p-c-ns sImSn-bvpw
apI-fn Ipd-p-Zq-sc-bp kn-in-ebvpw
Znhym-Im-i-n\pw inh-]p-c-sap ]d-bp-p.
tIh-en-I-, AYhm tIh-e-m-\hpw kh-
-Xbpw ]qW-]-hn-{X-Xbpw e`n--h B
temIp t]mIp-p. kzw Bfl-{]-tZ-i-
m Ah kh--cmbn hn-p-p.
350
 ]{mw kap-mkw
"{]tZiw' DXv hn`p kh-hym]n A.
hn`p-h-m--h kh-tcm tIh-e-m-\n-
Itfm Bhp-I-bn-. GI-tZ-in-bmb Bflmhv
t]mIp- I bpw hcn- I bpw _\pw ap\pw
m\nbpw Am-\nbpw Bbn-cn-pw. kh-
hym-]n-bmb kh Hcn-epw A-s\-
b.
ssP\n-I-fpsS XoYc Pohcq]nIfpw
Aev]cpw Aev]--cp-ambn nXn-sN-bvXn-cp-
p. Ah kh-hym-]I kh--cm-hp-Itb
C. Fm A\m-Znbpw A\-\pw kh-
hym-]-I\pw kh-\pw ]hn-{X\pw m\-
kz-cq-]n-bp-amb ]c-am-flm-hns\ ssP\ AwKo-
I-cn-p-n-. AXnam-{Xta kh-mZn
KpW- bYm-X-Y-ambn tNcp-I-bp-p.
K_v ` \- c Xn Xn]- e nbm Du. XnKmDu
Dtmk tX P lt-Ww. apna Zplmhn
Aap-lp. Aw-Kpe AkwJ `mK--XWq (2.41)
AYw: ChnsS a\p-jy cp-Xc - a
- p-v. Hv
K`-P. atXv Am-sX-bp-m-bh - . K`P a\p-
jy-cpsS Bbpv aqv ]tezm-]a Imehpw
icocw aqp tImi-hp-ap-v.
kao-: aqp ]tezm-]a - I
- mew Bbppw
aqp tImiw henb ico-ch - p-ap hfsc Ipdp
a\p-jyt Cu `qan-bn ]mm-\m-hq. aqp
]tezm-]-a-Imew hsc Pohn-p Ch-cpsS
afpw aqp tImiw hen--ap--h-cm-bn-cn--
Ww. C-s\-bp cp t]v t_mwt_
\K-c-n-epw aqtm \mtem t]v Iev-
-bnepw hkn-m Ign-t-pw. C-s\-
bm-sW-n Nne \K-c - f- n e-W - - n\p
a\p-jy-cp-s-s-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p ssP\-\-Kcw
F{X-ew tImiw hep--ap--Xm-bn-cn--Ww!
temI-n-semw IqSn Acw Hcp \Kcw
Dm-hm km[y-Xbn.
]W-bm ec-I-tPm-bW hnc-Iw`m knn-
kn-e-^-enl hnaem, XZp-hcn KtPm-bWw tX
temKwtXm X-kn--TnCu (258)
Aw: khmY knn-tKm-]p-c-ns
[zP-n-\p-]cn ]{-p-tbm-P-\-bp kn-in-
e-bm-Wv. AXv hoXn-bnepw \of-nepw Db-c-
nepw 45 ew tbmP\ hep-Xm-Wv. CXv
Fmw shfpsh-fp kphW-amb kv^Sn-I-
n-\p-Xpeyw \na-e-amb kn-in-e-bpsS kn-
`q-an-bm-Wv. CXns\ Nne Cuj-Xv, {]mKv`c
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Fp- ] - d - b p- p. Cu khmY kn- i ne
tKm]pc (hn- a m- \ w)n \nv ]{p
tbmP\ Zqcw AZr-iy-am-Wv. AXv tIh-en-If - mb
_lp-{ip-Xp am{X-a-dn-bm-hp ]c-amYam-
Wv.
Cu kn-ine khmY-a[ - y-`m-K- n Fp
tbmP\ h-ap--Xm-Wv. AhnsS \nv \mep
Zni-I-fnepw \mev D]-Zn-i-I-fn-ep-ambn Ipdv
Ipdv Cu-n-d-Ip-t]mse I\w Ipdv
\nh IpS-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn-emWv kn-ine
m]n-n-cn-p--Xv. B ine-bvp-]cn Hcp
tbmP-\ Zqc-n temIm--ap-v. Ahn-sS-
bmWv kn-m nXn-sN-p--Xv.
kao--I: ssP\n-I-fpsS apn-m-\-
amb khmY-kn-n-tKm-]p-c-ns sImSnp
apI- f nse 45 tbmP- \ - b p ine F{Xbpw
\Xpw \na-e-hp-am-I-s, AXn hkn-p
ap-Po-h-m Hcp-X-c-n _-cm-Wv. Fs-
m B inebvp ]pd-p-t]m-bm apn-
bpsS kpJ-n \np hnp-t]m-Ipw. AI-p-
-hm-I-s, Imp-t]mepw Inp-I-bn-. CXp
shdpw k-ev]hpw Adn-hn-m-h - s
- c- ab-m
sImp-Xpw am{X-at Fm-tem-Nn-p-I.
tPmbW kl--a-ln-bw. FKnw-ZnbtZl-
ap-tm-kw.
hnXn NDcnw Znk kco- b w. hmck
tbmPWw XntImk ND-tIm-kw. tPmbW
kl-k-]Wnw Znb. Dtl hpwX hntk-kw-
Xp. ({]-I-c-W `mKw 4 kw{K-lWo kq{Xw
266267)
AYw: kmam-t\y\ Hcn-{nbw am{X-ap
Pohn-Iv Hcm-bncw tbmP-\-bp icocw
DXvIr-jvS-am-Wv. cn-{n-b-fp iwJn\pw
apw ]{p tbmP-\bpw aqn{n-b-fp
Ddp-n\pw ]pgp-hn\pw apw aqp tImihpw
\men-{n-b--fp hn\pw apw \mep-tIm-
ihpw ]t-{n-b--fp--hbvv \mem-bncw
tImihpw ico-c-ap--h-bmbn Adn-b-Ww.
kao--I: \mep kl{kw tImiw
hep--ap ico-c-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb GXm\pw iXw
Bfp-I-sfsmv Cu `qtemIw \ndp Ipan-
bpw. Bpw \S-m t]mepw ew tijn-
p-I-bn-. ]ns-hnsS ]mp-sapw hgn-\-S-
p-sapw ssP\n-I-tfm-Sp-tNm-Zn--Ww. ssP\-
cpsS hon Chsb ]mn-p-sap \app
351
 ]{mw kap-mkw
\nbn- mw. Fm \mem- b ncw tImiw
henb ico-c-ap--hv ]mm Hcmv
ap-n-c-m-bncw hen--ap hoSp-th-Ww.
C{Xbpw henb hoSp-sh-bvm ssP\n-I-fpsS
Fm ]Whpw sNe-h-gn--Ww. Fmepw hoSp
]qn-bm-hp-I-bn-h-. Fm-bncw tImiw \of-
ap an\v XSn FhnsS \nm-Wmthm InpI!
AXn-\p XqWv \mn--gn-m AI-p-I-
b-dp-hm\pw IqSn-I-gn-bp-I-bn-. Ccw Imcy--
sfms s]mfn-bm-Wv.
tX Yqem ]t hnlp-kw-Jn-mtN hlpw-
Xn-k-t-hn. tX Cn Akw-tJ. klpta
Jt ]I-t-l. ({]-I-c-W--`mKw 4 eLp-
t{X kam-k-{]-I-c-Ww. kq{Xw4)
Aw: ap]p ]d Hcw-Kpew tcma-
ns IjW- sIm- v \mep- t Imiw
hnkvXohpw A{Xbpw Bghpw D InW
\nd-bvWw. AwKpe hep--ap tcma-J-WvU-
-sfmw IqSn C-cp]Xpe-n Fgp-]-o-
cm-bn-cn Hcp-qn sXmqn cv Fw
hcpw. Gdn-bm 330762104 2465625 4219960
9753600,0000000 ap-n-aqp tImSntImSn, Ggp-
e-n Adp-]-o-cm-bn-cn Hcp-\q-n-\mev
tImSn-tIm-Sn, Ccp-]-n-\m-ep-e-n Adp-]-
- m- b n- c n Adp--\ q- n- a p]- v , tImSn
tImSn, \mev]-n-cp en ]sm--Xn-
\m-bn-cn sXmm-bn-cn Adp-]Xv, tImSn-
tImSn sXmq-tgp e-n An aqhm-
bn-cn Adp-\qdv, tImSn-tImSn L\-tbm-P\
]teym-]-a-nse qe tcma-L---fpsS
F-am-Wv. CXpw kwJym-X-Im-e-am-Wv. app
]d tcma- J - W v U - fpsS Akw- J ymX
JWvUw a\-kn k-ev]n-m Akw-JymX
kqjva-tcm-am-Wp-hm-Ipw.
kao-I - :-- t\mq! Ch-cpsS F-ns
coXn! Hcw-Kpew tcmas F{X IjW-amn!
CsX-n-Xom Ign-bptam? Fnv a\-
n AkwJyw JWvU- k-ev]n-p-p.
ap]p ]d-h ssIsImv Fn-o-
Xm-sWp \nW-bnmw! ssIsIm-m-Im-bvI-
bm a\-p-sIm-sn! Hcw-Kpew tcma-ns\
C{Xbpw IjW--fm-m Ign-bp--XmtWm?
Pw_p-Zzo-]]amWw Kpe-tPm-b-W-c-eI h-
hn-c-Iw-`o. eh-Wm-Cu-bm-tk-km. _e-bm`m
ZpKpW ZpKp-Wmb. ({]-Ic - W `mKw 4 eLp-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
t{X kq{Xw. 12)
Aw: Hm-as Pw_p-Zzo]pw ew-
tbm-P\ hnkvXmc-apv. AIw-s]m-bmWv.
_mn-bp eh-WmZn k]vXk-ap-{Z-fnse
Ggp-Zzo-]p-I Pw_p-Zzo-]ns Cc-n-bn-c-n-hoXw
hep- - a p- - h - b m- W v . Cusbmcp ]rYzn- b n
Pw_p-Zzo]w XpS-nb G -- gpZzo-]p-Ifpw Ggp-k-
ap-{Z-fpw Dv.
kao--I: Pw_p-Zzo-]n-t\-m Cc-n-
bmWv cm-atsXn cp-ew tbmP\,
aqm-a-tXv \mep-ew, \mem-a-tXv Fp-
ew, Ama-tXv ]Xn-\m-dp-ew Bdm-a-
tXv ap-n-c-p-ew Ggm-a-tXv Adp-
]-n-\mev Fn-s\ hepw hcn-Ibpw kap-
{Z-fpw Cs\ {Ia-n hep-Xm-bn-cn-bpw
sNbvXm ]Xn-\-m-bn-cw-tImiw ]cn-[n-bp
`qan CsX-s\ sImpw? CsXmw ip-s]m-
fn-bm-Wv.
Ipcp-\C Npe-ko-k-lkm Ot-h--c-\-
CuD ]C hnPbw tZmtZm alm \CuD ND-
Zk kl-kmD ]tbw. ({]-I-cW `mKw 4
eLp-t{Xkam kq{Xw 63)
kwx Aw: Ipcp-t-{X-n F]-
n-\m-em-bncw \Zn-I-fp-v.
kao-I - :- Ipcp-t{Xw sNdn-sbmcp {]tZ-
i-am-Wv. AXp ImWmsX Cu Iw Fgp-Xn-h-
bvp-hm Chp e-tXm-n-bn--tm.
Pmap--cmD XmD CtKK knwlm-kWm
BC-]pw, ND-khn Xmkp \nbm-kW Znkn
`h-PnW aWw tlmC. ({]-I-c-W-c-Xv\m-I-
cw `mKw 4. eLp-t{X kam-k-{]-I-cWw
kq{Xw 119)
AYw:- B ine-bpsS hntijw sXpw
hSpw Hmtcm knwlm-k\w Ds--Xm-Wv.
sXv AXn-]m-WvUp-I-n-fn, hSv AXn-c--
I-nfn Fn--s\-bmWv B ine-I-fpsS t]cv,
AXn-t Xo--c-m Ccn-p-p.
kao--I: Ch-cpsS Xo-c-m-cpsS
P-Zn-hkw sImm-Sp--Xn-\p inem-]o-T-
t\mq. Ch-cpsS apn-bnse kn-in-
e-bpw C-c-amWv. Cs\ s]mfn-I- ]eXpw
Ch Fgp-Xn-Iq-n-bnp-v. F{X-bp-sa-p-h-m-
sW-gp-XpI! Fm Pew Acnp IpSn-p-I.
kqvaP - o-hI - t- fmSv Zb-Im-p-I, cm{Xn-bn `n-
352
 ]{mw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw
m-Xn-cnpI Fo aqp-Im-cy- \-Xp-
Xs, _mn-sbmw Akw-`-hy-fm-Wv.
C{Xbpw FgpXnbXn \nv _pn-
amamv hfsc {Kln- mw. ZrjvSm-
n\pam{Xw C{Xbpw Fgp-Xn-b-XmWv. Ch-
cpsS Akw-`h - Imcy-s - fmw Fgp-Xn-bm Hcp
]pcp-jm-bp-p-sIm-p-t]mepw hmbnp Xocp-I-
bn-. AXn-\m ]m{X-nse Htm-ctm
tNmsdSpp sRn thhp- t \m- p- - X p-
t]mse, kzev]w Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-hm-bnv k-\-
v hfsc {Kln-m Ignbpw. A[nIw
Fgp- t XImcy- a n- . hnl- K - h o- - W - n
\nv ]qW-amb Bibw _pn-amamp
e`n-pw.
C\n {InkvXp-a-X-s-n FgpXmw
{ioa--bm-\--k-c-kz-Xo-kzm-an-I cNn
kXym-{]-Im-i-n-se,
\mkvXnI aX--fmb NmhmI
_u ssP\-aXfpsS
JWvU-\-a-WvU\w sNp
]{mw kap-mkw Ign-p.

353
 A\p`qanI aqv
ss__naX-sap ]d-bp-tm {InkvXp-
a-X-sap am{X-a {Kln-t--Xv. blq-Z-a-
Xhpwapw CXn CS-s]Spw1.1 Cu 13-mw kap-
m-k-n {InkvXp-a-X-hn-j-b-sa-gp-Xp-Xv
Cm-ev ss__n aX-m-cn apJy
{InkvXym-\n-I-fmb-Xp-sImmWv. blq-Zcpw
apw apJy- c - . apJy- a m- b Xp {Kln- m
KuWhpw {Kln-mw. As\ blq-Z-a-X-Im-
cyhpw Adn-bm-\m-Ipw.
blq-Zcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apw hniz-kn-
p ss__n-fn\np am{X-amWv Ch-sc-
-n-bp Imcy- ChnsS Fgp-XpXv. Cu
]pkvX-Is Ch kzw [a-Im-c-W-ambn
Icp-Xp-p. Ch-cpsS aX-m-cmb henb ]mXn-
cn-am Cu {K-ns hnhn[ X-a-I
sNbvXn-p-v. Ah-bn tZh-\m-Kn-cnbnepw
kwkvIr-X-n-ep-ap-2 X-a-I t\mn-
b-tm F\nv ]e kwi-b-fpw Dmbn.
Ah-bn Nne-Xp-am-{X-amWv Cu ]Xn-aqmw
kap- m- k - n hnZzm- m- c psS ]cn- K - W - \ -
bvmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-p-Xv.
Cu teJ\w kXy-ns hrnbvpw
Ak-Xy-ns {Kmk-n-\p-a - msX Bscbpw
ZpxJn-n-mt\m, Zpjn-mt\m, anYym-tZmjw
Btcm-]n-p--Xnt\m A. Cu ]pkvXIw
Fspw Ch-cpsS aX-sa-spw Fm-hcpw
Adn-bp--Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv Cu teJ-\-sa-gp-
Xp--Xv.
a\p-jy-kl - P
- a
- mb ImgvN, tIhn, Fgpv
Fn-h-bn-eqsS ]-{]-Xn-]-- N-
sNbvXv {InkvXp-a-X-ns Xmc-Xay ]T\w
\S-p-I-bmWv Cu teJ-\-ns {]tbm-
P\w. IqSmsX a\p-jy-cpsS [a-hn-j-b-I-amb
Adnhp hnv bYm-tbmKyw kXym-k-Xy-
1. ss__n-fnse ]gb \nb-a-amWv blq-Z-m-cpsS {]mam-
WnI {Kw.
2 \oe-IWvTimkv{Xn F-bm {InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cnv
ss__n-fn\v kwkvIrX ]cn-`mj Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
fpw I-hym-Ihyfpw \nW-bnv
kXyw, Ihyw Fn-hsb kzoI-cn-m\pw
AkXyw, AIhyw Fn-hsb shSnbm
\pw CXv ]c-t{]-c-W-Iq-SmsX klm-bn-pw.
Fm-h-cp-tSbpw aX-hn-j-b-I-amb ]pkvX-I-
sf-n Ghcpw a\-n-em-p-Ibpw A\p-Iq-
etam {]Xn-Iq-etam Bbn Fs-nepw ]d-
bp-Itbm Fgp-Xp-Itbm sNp-Ibpw thWw.
As-n tI-Ww. ]Tn-p--Xp-sImv
]WvUn-X\ - mIpw t]mse tIp-X - p-sImv
_lp-{ip-X\ - m-Ipw. t{imXm-hn\v asm-cmsf ]Tn-
n-m Ign-bp-I-bn-s-nepw kzbw ]Tn-m-
\m-Ip-atm. Hcp ]w tNcp--h\v Xstbm
A\y-cp-tStbm KpW-tZm-j- Adn-bm-\m-hp-
I-bn-.
a\p-jym-flm-hn\v -k-Xym-k-Xy-\nW-b-n-
\p kamYy-ap-v. XtXv F{X-Iv ]Tn-
p- I tbm tIp- I tbm sNbv X n- ptm
A{Xbpw \n-bn-p-d-n-mw. AXp-t]mse
Xs-bmWv ]c-a-X--sf--n-bp ]T-\-hpw.
]c- a Xw Adn- b msX kwhmZw km[y- a - .
Am-\n-bm-bn-cp-m A_--n IpS-
p-Ibpw sNpw. Cs\ kw`-hn-m-Xn-cn-p-
-Xn-\mWv Cu {K-n {]Nm-ca - p Fm-
a-X--sfbpw ]n Aev]-am-sb-nepw Fgp-Xp-
-Xv. CXn\nv tijn hn-jbsfn
t\tcm Itam Fv A\p-am-\n-m-\pamhpw.
kh-km-am-\y-kXy- Fhn-sSbpw Hcp-t]m-
se-bmWv. Ak-Xy-hn-j-b- am{Xta hnhm-
Zm- k v ] - Z - a m- h p- I - b p- q. hmZn- { ]- X n- h m- Z n- I
kXymkXy \nW-bn-p--Xn\v hmZ-{]-
Xn-hm-Zw sNm Xo-bmbpw Xocp-am-\a - p-m-
Ipw.
C\n Rm Cu 13-mw kap-m-k-n
{InkvXp-a-X-kw-_-n-bmbn Aev]w FgpXn
Fm- h - c p- s Sbpw apmsI kan- p- p.
F-s\-bp-sv Nnn-p-I.
hnN-Wmtcm-tS-sd-sbp ]d-bm!
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw

13
]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw

kXym-{]-Imiw
{InkvXp-aX hnjbw
C\n {InkvXp-aX hnjbw hymJym-\nmw

C\n Fgp- X pXv {Inkv X ym- \ n- I - f psS krjvSn Dm-bn-nt?

aXsn-bm-Wv. Ch-cpsS aXw \ntm-jhpw
ss__n Cuiz-c-Ir-X-hp-amtWm Fv CXn
\nv Ghpw a\- n- e mmw. Hm- a Xv
ss__n-fnse ]gb \nb-a-s-n Fgp-Xmw.
Dn ]pkvXIw
1. BZn-bn ssZhw BIm-ihpw `qanbpw krjvSn-p.
`qan- ]mgmbpw3 iq\y-ambpw Ccp-p. Bg-n-osX Ccp
Dmbncpp, ssZh-ns Bflmhv sh-n-osX
]cn-hn-p-sIm-n-cp-p4. (1.1-2)
kao--I: "BZn' Fp-h-m-se-mWv?
{InkvXym\n: krjvSn-bpsS BZys DXv]-
n.
kao:- CXmtWm BZy-krjvSn? CXn\p apv
3. Cu ss__n hmIy- ss__n skmsskn
Hm^v Cy-bpsS 1974 se ]Xn-n \nmWv FSp-
n-p--Xv. ss__n-fns X-a-I-fnse `mj amm-
dp-v. ae-bm-f-nepw kn.-B.-F. skmsskn 1983
ss__n-fns ]pXn-sbmcp XPpa {]km-[\w
sNbvXn-p-v.
4. tamisb an{kbnw tZi-p-\np ]pd-m-n. AXn\p
ap]v AhnsS thZ--fmWv {]N-cn-n-cp-Xv. an{i
CuPn]vXv tZi-nse hnZzm-mpw al-ZWvUw B]x-
bn Kanncp-sv Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. iX-]-Y-{_m-
-W-n 11-.1. 6.1.2 B]-bn lncm-WymWvUw
]cn-]X- y-h\w sNbvXn-cp-s-p-Im-Wmw. Cu ipV-amb
imkv{Xob XXz-a-dn-bmsX ss__n-fn lnc-Wym-
WvUs ssZh-sap ]d-n-cn-p-Ib - m-Wv. sshZnI
hnNm-c-[m-cbpsS Ie-n-a-dn aS-amWv ss__n.
{In: Dmtbm Ctbm Fv R-dn-
hn-. ssZh-n-\-dn-bmw.
kao: Adn-bm hs-n Fn\o ]pkvX-
I-n hniz-kn-pp? kwi-b-\n-hm-c-W-n-
\p-X-Im CXns\ hniz-knv Bfp-I-tfm-Sp-]-
tZiw sNbvXv Cu kwi-b] - q-amb aX-n
Fn\v Ahsc s]Sp-pp? \n-tlw,
Fm kwi-b-fpw \nhm-cWw sNp thZ-
aXw kzoI- c n- msXmWv ? Cuiz- c s
krjv S n- h r- mw Adn- b msX Cuiz- c s\
Fs\ Adnbpw? BImiw Fp-h-m-se-
mWv?
{In:- Xpd-mb apI`mKw.
kao: Xpd-m-bXns Dev]n Fs\?
Fs-m AXv kh-hym-]nbpw AXn-kq-
vahpw apI-fnepw Xmsgbpw Hcp-t]m-se-bp-am-
Wv. BImiw krjvSn-p--Xn\v ap]v iq\y-
5. BIr-Xn-bn-m-Xpw iq\y-hp-am-bn-cpp F X-
abpw Aim-kv{Xo-b-a-t{X. BIr-Xn-bn-m-Xp iq\y-
am-I-W-sa-n-. iq\y-n\v BIrXn Dm-hp-I-bn-.
]noSv BIrXn Dm-bt- m t\ct iq\yX Cm-
bn-cp-s-p-hc - pw. iq\yX B Ah-m-hn-ti-ja
- m-sW-
n, BIr-Xn-bn-em-Im {]IrXn Xz- ]d-bm-
\m-Im BIr-Xn-bn Dm-bn-cp-sp knn-p-p.
Atm BIr-Xn-bn-m-Xpw iq\y-hp-sa {]tbmKw
A_-a - m-Ip-p.

355
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Xbpw Xpdpw Cmbncptm? Cm-bn-cp-s-
n ssZhhpw krjvSn-Im-c-Whpw Pohm-flm-
fpw FhnsS hkn-n-cpp? BIm-i-an-msX
Hcp hkvXphpw nXn-sN-p-I-bn-. AXn-\m
\n-fpsS ss__n hmIyw bp-a-. -Cu-
iz-c\pw Cuiz-cob m\-Ia-fpw ]mtgm
AmtXm?
{In: ]mg-m-Xv
kao: Fn Cuiz-c\ - p-m-nb `qan ]mgm-
sWv Chn-sS-n-s\-gpXn?
{In:- ]msg--Xn\v Dbpw XmWpw \nc--
msX Xpd-mbn InSp--sX-mWv Aw.
kao: ]nm-cmWv \nc-m-n-bXv? Ctmgpw
Dbbpw XmgvNbpw Ct? AXn-\m Cuiz-
cs {]hr-n- ]m-g-. Fs-m Atlw
k--\m-I-bm Hcn-epw sXtm Iptam
]mfn-tbm Dm-hp-I-bn-. IqSmsX Cuiz-c-
krjvSn ]mgm-bn-cp-sv5 Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p
]pkvXIw Cuiz-c-Ir-X-am-hp-I-bn-. ssZh-
ns Bflmhv Fp ]ZmY-amWv?
{In: tNX-\w.
kao: AXv kmIm-ctam \ncm-Im-ctam? hym]-
Itam GI-tZ-iotbm?
{In: \ncm-Imcw, tNX-\w, hym]-Iw, Fm
GtX-kn-\mbn ]h-X-ntem, \memw BIm-
i-ntem Hs-bmWv hnti-jm ]mv.
kao: \ncm- I mc\msW- n Bcm- W v
IXv? hym]-I-am-b Xv Pen-osX ]cn-
hn-p-I-bn-. ssZh-ns Bflmhv Pe-
n-osX ]cn-hn--tm ssZhw Fhn-sS-
bm-bn-cp-m! ssZh-ns icocw as-hn-
sStbm Bbn-cp-sv CXn \p knn-p-
p. As-n Bflm-hns Hcp Ij-Ws
Pe-n-osX ]cn-hn-n--Xm-Imw. hym]-I-
\-m-X - n\v krjvSn nXn-{]f-b - fpw [mcW
]me- \ - fpw Pohs Iay- h y- h - bpw
sNm Hcn-epw km[n-p-Ibn-. GI-tZ-in-
bmtWm AXns KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-fpw GI-
tZ-in-bm-bn-cn-pw. A-s\sbv ssZh-a-.
ssZhw kh-hym-]-I-\pw, A\ KpW-Ia-kz-
`m-h-bp-\pw kn-Zm-\--kz-cq-]\pw, \nXy--ip-
--_p---ap---kz-`m-hnbpw A\mZn A\w
apX-emb e-W - f- p-X- Xpam-Wv, Fp thZ-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n ]d-bp-p. AXn hniz-kn-p-I. \-
bvp hgn AXp am{X-am-Wv.
2. shfnw DmIs Fp ssZhw Iev]n-p. shfnw
Dm-bn. shfnw \Xv Fp ssZhw Ip. (1.3.4)
kao: Cuiz-c ]d-Xv Poh-\n-m
shfnw tIp- s htm? tIs- n Cpw
kqcy-sbpw Zo]nsbpw An-bp-sSbpw
{]Imiw Fsbpw \n- f p- s Sbpw hmp
tIm--sXv? {]Imiw PU-am-Wv. AXn\v
Bcp-sSbpw hmp tIp-hm Ign-hn-.
Cuiz-c shfn-s I-tm-gmtWm AXv
\-Xm-sW--dn-Xv? t\cs Adn-p-Iq-
Sm-bn-cptm? Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-n I-
bp-Ss\, \Xv Fp ]d--sX-n\v? Adn-hn-
m-bn-cp-s-n AXv Cuiz-c-t\-b . AXn-
\m \n-fpsS ss__n Cuiz-tcm-tam
AXnse Cuiz-c kh-t\m A.
3. ssZhw sh--fpsS at[y Hcp hnXm-\w DmIs;
AXp sh-n\pw sh-n\pw Xn th]n-cn-hm-
bn-cn-s Fp Iev]n-p. hnXm\w Dm-ov ssZhw
hnXm-\- n\p Iogp shhw hnXm-\ - nao-sX-bp
shhpw Xn th]n-cn-p. As\ kw`-hn-p.
ssZhw hnXm-\-n\v BImiw Fp t]cn-p. ky-bm-
bn. Dj-p-ambn: cmw Znhkw. (1.6-8)
kao: BImihpw shhpw ssZhw ]d-
-Xp-tI-pthm? sh-n BIm-i-ant?
Cs- n Pew FhnsS nXn- s Npw?
Hmas hmIy-n BIm-is krjvSn-
-Xm-Wv. ]noSv hnXm-\-n-eqsS BIm-is
krjvSn-Xv shdp-sX-bm-Wv. kzK-sap ]d
BImiw krjvSnvXv shdpsX-bm-Wv. kzK-
sap ]d BImiw k-hym-]n-bm-Wv.
AXn-\m kh{X kzK-am-bn. ]ns, apI-
fn kzK-am-sWp ]d-bp-Xv shdp-sX-bmbn,
kqcy Dm- b n- n- m nXnv cmhpw
]Iepw Fs\ Dmbn? Cs\ \S-m
Imcy- C\n-bp hmIy- \ndsb Dv.
4. Atm ssZhw: \mw \psS kzcq-]-n \psS
kmZr-iy-{]-Imcw a\p-jys\ Dm-pI: Cs\ ssZhw
Xs kzcq]-n a\p-jys\ krjvSnp. BWpw s]p-
ambn Ahsc krjvSnp. ssZhw Ahsc A\p-{K-ln-p.
(1.26.28)
kao:- BZ-ans\ Cuiz-c Xs cq]-n
krjvSn-s-n Cuiz-cs kzcq-]-amb ]hn-
{XX m\-kz-cq]w B\--abw apX-emb
e- W - sm- - h w BZmw Fp-
356
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
sImv Bbn? Bbn-s-n X-Zri-am-b
krjvSn-Xv. BZ-ans\ krjvSn--tm Xs
Cuiz-c Xs kzcq-]s DXv]-n-bp--Xm-
n. ]ns A\n-Xy-\m-Im--sX-s\? BZ-
ans\ FhnsS \np-mn?
{In: an\n-v.
kao: as-hnsS \np-mn?
{In: kzw kmaYy-n\nv.
kao: Cuiz-cs kmaYyw A\m-Zntbm
]pXn-btXm?
{In:-A-\m-Zn-bmWv.
kao: A\m-Zn-bm-sW-n PK-XvIm-cWw
k\m-X\ - a
- m-bn. ]ns A`m-h
- n \np `mhw
Dm-sbv Fn\p ]d-bpp?
{In: krjvSnp-apv Cuiz-c-\-m-sXmcp
hkvXphpw Cm-bn-cp-p.
kao: Cmbn- c p- s - n Cu PKv
FhnsS \npmbn? Cuizcs kmaYyw
{Zhytam KpWtam? {Zhy-am-sW-n Cuiz-c-
\n\np `n-am-sbmcp ]ZmYw Dm-bn-cp-
sp hcp-p.- KpW-am-sW-n, KpW-n
\nv {Zhyw Dm-hp-I-bn-. Cuiz-c-\n\n-
mWv Dm-b-sX-n Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-
kz-`m-h- Xp-eyambn Ahbvv Dm-I-
Ww. AXn-m--Xp-sImv Cuiz-c-\n \np-
m-b-X-sp \n-bn-mw. Fm PK-XvIm-
c-W-amb ]c-amWp Fpwapw t]cp PU-h-
kvXp-hn \nm-Wp-m-b-Xv. thZm-Zn-im-kv{X-
-fn PK-Zp-Xv]n Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xp-
t]mse, Cuiz-c PK-ns\ krjvSnp Fp
{Kln--bmWv thXv. BZ-ans AI-cq]w
Poh\pw _mly-cq]w a\p-jy-k-Zr-ihpw BsW-
n AXp-t]msebt Cuiz-cs cq]hpw?
BZ-ans\ Cuiz-c-cq-]-nemWv krjvSn--sX-
n Cuiz-c BZ-an-s\-tm-se-X-s-bm-bn-
cn-pw.
5. btlmhbmb ssZhw \nes s]mSn-sImv a\p-jys\
\nnnv Ahs aqn Poh-izmkw DuXn, a\p-jy
Poh-\p tZln-bm-bn-op. A\-cw btlm-h-bmb
ssZhw Ingv GsZ-\n Hcp tXmw Dm-n, Xm
krjvSn a\p-jys\ AhnsS Bn. Imm `wKn-bp-
Xpw Xnm \ ^e-ap--Xp-amb Hmtcm-hr---fpw
tXm-ns \Sp-hn Poh-hr-hpw \-Xn--Isf Ipdn-
p Adn-hns hrhpw btlm-hbmb ssZhw \nep
\np apf-n-p. (2.7- 9)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kao: GZtXmw \nnv BZ-ans\ IpSn-
bn-cp-n-b-tm Ahs\ AhnsS \np ]pd-
m-tn hcp-sav ssZh-n-\-dn-hn-m-bn-
cptm? BZ-ans\ ap-sIm-mWv Dm-n-b-
sX-n AXv ssZh-ns kzcq]w BIp-n-
. BIp-s-n Cuiz-c\pw ap-sIm-p-m-
-s--Xm-Wv. Ahs aqn DuXnb izmkw
Cuiz-cs cq]tam thsd h-Xptam? thsd-
bm-sW-n BZ-n\v Cuiz-cs cq]-a-.
As-n Cuiz-c\pw BZ-n\pw Htc cq]-
am-Wv. A-s\-bm-sW-n BZ-n-s\-tmse
P\-\w, ac-Ww, hrn, bw, hniv Zmlw
Fnh Cuiz-c\pw DmIpw. ]ns AXv
Fs\ Cuizc-\mIpw? AXn-\m ]g-b-\n-
b-a-nse Cu Imcyw icn-bm-sWp tXmp-
n-. AXv Cuiz-c-Ir-X-hp-a-.
6. BI-bm btlm-hb
- mb ssZhw a\p-jy\v Hcp KmV-
\n{Z hcp-n. Ah Ddnbtm Ahs hmcn-sb-p-
I-fn Hs-Spv AXn\p ]Icw amwkw ]nSn-np. btlm-
h-bmb ssZhw a\p-jy-\n \ns-Sp hmcn-sb-ns\
Hcp kv{Xobmn Ahsf a\p-jys ASp- sImp-
h-p. (2.21 22)
kao: BZ- ns\ Cuiz- c ap- s Im-
mWv Dm-n-b-sX-n Ahs kv{Xosb
Fp-sImv am Dm-n-bn? kv{Xosb
Fn \np-m-n-sb- BZ-ans\ Fp-
sImv Dmm-Xv FmWv? \c-\n\n-
p-m-b-Xp-sImv \mcn-sbp t]cp-h-s-
n \mcn-bn\nv \c-s\--t]cpw Dm-I-
Ww. Ah X-n ]c-kv]-c-kvt\-lhpw Dm-
Ipw. -kv{Xo-tbmSv ]pcp-j\v kvt\l-ap-m-Ip--
Xp-t]mse ]pcp-j-t\mSv kv{Xobvp-ap-m-Ipw.
Adn- h p- - h tc Imepw! Cuiz- c s
XzhnZy As-n ^ntem-k^n hnf-p-
Xv F-s\-bpv? BZ-ns Hcp hmcn-sb-
p- s Im- mWv kv { Xosb krjv S n- - s X- n
Fm ]pcp-jam-cp-sSbpw Hmtcm hmcnsbv
Ipd-bm-s - X-mWv? H-hm-cn-sb-p-sIm-p-m-
nb kv{XobpsS ico-c-n Hcp hmcn-sbt
Dm-Im-hqXm\pw. temI-ap-m-nb hkvXp-
sImv kv{Xoi-cocw Dm-m hm-bn-
cptm? Cs\ ss__n-fnse kr-jvSn-{Iaw
krjvSn-hn-Zybvp hncp--am-Wv.
7. btlm-h-bmb ssZhw Dm-nb Fm Imp-P-p-
sfmfpw ]mv Iui- e - t a- d n- b - Xm- b n- cp- p. AXv
357
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
kv{XotbmSv: tXm-nse bmsXmcp hr-ns ^ehpw
\n Xn-cp-sXv ssZhw hmkvX-h-ambn Iev]n-n-
ptm Fv tNmZn-p. kv{Xo ]mn-t\mSv: tXm-nse
hr-f - nse ^ew Rp Xnmw. Fm \n
acn-m-Xn-cn-t--Xn\v tXm-ns \Sp-hn-ep hr-
ns ^ew Xn-cpXv, sXmSpI-bp-a-cpXv Fv ssZhw
Iev]n-n-pv Fp ]d-p. ]mv kv{XotbmSv \n
acn--bn. \nbw; AXp Xnp \mfn \n-fpsS
Ip Xpd-p-Ibpw \-Xn-I - sf Adn-bp-h- c- mbn ssZh-
s-tmse BIp-Ibpw sNpw Fp ssZhw Adn-bpp
Fp ]d-p. B hr-^ew Xnm \Xpw ImWm
`wKnbpXpw m\w {]m]n-m Imayhpw Fp kv{Xo
Iv ^ew ]dn-p-Xnp `m-hn\pw sImSp-p.
Ah\pw Xnp. DSs\ Ccp-hc - p-sSbpw Ip-Xp-dp X
\-sc--dn-p. An-bne Iqn-pn Ac-bmS Dm-
n. (3.1-7)
btlm-h-bmb ssZhw ]mn-t\mSp Iev]n-Xp: \o
CXp sNbvX-Xp-sImv Fm Imp-ar-K--fn-epw-hv \o
i]n--s-n-cn-p-p. \o Dc-kp-sImpK-anp \ns
Bbp-jvIm-e-sam-sbpw s]mSn-Xn-pw. Rm \n\pw
kv{Xobnpw \ns k-Xnpw Ah-fpsS k-Xn-pw
Xn i{XpXzw Dmpw. Ah \ns Xe XIpw,
\o Ahs IpXn-Im XIpw. kv{XotbmSp Iev]n-
Xp; Rm \n\p IjvShpw K`-[m-c-Whpw Ghpw
hn-npw. \o thZ-\t- bmsS asf {]k-hn-pw. \ns
B{Klw \ns `m-hn-t\mSp BIpw. Ah \ns
`cn-pw. a\p-jy-t\mSp Iev]n-tXm: \o \ns `mcy-bpsS
hmp A\p-k-cn--bpw -XncpsXp Rm Iev]n
hr-^ew Xnp-Ibpw sNbvXX - p-sImp \ns \nanw
`qan i]n--s-n-cn-p-p. \ns Bbp-jvIm-esambpw
\o IjvS-X-tbmsS AXn\np Atlm-hrn Ign-pw.
appw ]d-m-cbpw \n\v AXn\nv apsfpw hb-
ense kkyw \n\v Blm-c-am-Ipw. (3.14 18)
kao: {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Cuiz-c kh-
-\m-bn-cp-s-n Cu Ipcp-p-_p-n-m-c-
\mb ]mns\ sNIp-ms\ Fn\p
krjvSnp? krjvSn--Xp-sImv B A]-cm-[-
n\v D-c-hmZn Cuiz-c-\mWv. Fs-m
ZpjvS\
- mbn krjvSn-X - p-sIm-m-Wtm ZpjvSX
Imn- b - X v . ]qh- P w AwKo- I - c n- m- -
XpsImv, A]-cm-[-an-msX AXns\ ]m]n-
bmbn krjv S n- - s X- n\v ? hmkv X hw ]d-
m AXv -k-am-bn-cp-n-, a\p-jy-\m-bn-
cp-p. a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-s-n a\p-jy-cpsS
`mj Fs\ kwkm-cnpw? I-\m-bn, ap-
-hsc I-n \S-p-h - s
- \-bmWv sNIp-
m Fp ]d-tb--Xv. ChnsS sNIp-m
kXyhmZnbmWv. AXp-sIm-mWv kv{Xosb
Ifn-n-msX kXyw ]d--Xv. Cuiz-c BZ-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
an-t\mSpw l-tbmSpw, ]gw Xnm \n
acn-p-sav Iw ]d-p. m\hpw Aa-c-
Xzhpw \evIp B ]gw Xnp--Xn\np
XS--sX-n-\mWv? XS-s-n B Cuiz-
c I\pw Ifn-n-ph\p-am-Wv. Fs-
m B ac-ns ]gw a\p-jyv Adnhp
\evIp-Xpw kpJw ]I-cp--Xp-am-bn-cp-p.
Am-\hpw arXyphpw \evIp--Xm-bn-cp-n-
. ]gw Xn-cp-sXv hne-m-\m-sW-n B
acw Fn-\p-mn? X\n-p-th-n-bm-sW-
n Xm Am- \ nbpw ac- W - [ an- b p-
amtWm? ams-nepw thn-bm-sW-n
Ah B ]gw Xnp--Xn sXn. Fm
Cm-ev Adn-hp-X-cp-Xpw ac-W-an-m-Xm-p-
Xpw Bb ac--sfmpw ImWm-\n-. Cuiz-
c AXns hnp-t]mepw \in-n-pthm?
Ccw Imcy-sImv a\p-jy h-
Icpw I-m-cp-am-Ip-sa-n Cuiz-c\pw A-
s\-bm-hp-I-bnt? Ifhpw h-\bpw Imp--
h Icpw h-Ic - p-am-Wt- m. aqh-tcbpw i]n-
-Xv, A]-cm[w sNbvX-Xn-\-. As\ Cuiz-
c A\ymbmc-\p-am-bn. Iw ]d-Xpw
Ifn-n-Xpw \nanw im]-n-\-h-Imin Cuiz-
c Bbn-cp-p. B"^ntem-k^n' tInt?
thZ-\-bn-msX {]khw \S-ptam? ]Wn-sb-
Sp-msX Pohn-m Bp-I-gnbpw? BZyw
apa-c--fn-m-bn-cptm? hb-ense kkyw
Alm-c-am-Ip-sap ]d-Xv icn-bm-sW-n
amwkw Xnm-sav ss__n-fn ]noSv Fgp-
Xnbncnp-Xv I-at? Hp kXy-sa-n
atXp I--am-Wv.
BZ-ans ]m]-sampw sXfn-bp-n-s-n,
a\p-jy BZ-ans a-fm-b-Xp-sImv ]m]n-
I-fm-sWv Fn\p ]d-bpp? Cu ]pkvX-
Ihpw CXnse Cuiz-c\pw _pn-am-mv
Fs\ kzoIm-cy-amIpw?
8. btlm-h-bmb ssZhw: a\p-jy \-Xn--Isf Adn-
bm X-hw \n Hcp-s - \-tmse Bbn-on-
cn-p-p. Ctm Ah ssI\on Poh-hr--ns
^ew IqsS ]dn-p-Xnv Ftpw Pohn-m kwKXn
hc-cpXv Fp Iev]n-p. Ahs\ FSp-n-cp \nep
Irjn-sN-tXnp btlm-h-bmb ssZhw Ahs\
GZtXm--n\np ]pd-mn Cs\ Ah a\p-
jys\ Cd-n-I-f-p. Pohs hr-n-te-p hgn-
Im-m Ah GZtXm--n\p Ingv sIcq-_p-Isf
XncnpsImn-cn-p hmfns Pzme-bp-ambn \nn.
(3.22-24)
358
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
kao: m\-n X\np Xpey-\m-sb
Cujybpw {`ahpw ssZh- n\v Fs\
tXmntbm Bthm. CXv No-m-cy-amtWm?
Cu i-Xs - -sb-n\v? Cu ssZh-n\p Xpey-
\mbn Bcpw Hcn-epw Dm-hp-I-bn-. Cu
teJ-\-n\np sXfn-bp-Xv AXv a\p-jy-
\m-bn-cp-p. Cuiz-c-\ FmWv. ss__n-fn
Fhn-sS-sb-nepw ssZh-s-n Fgp-Xn-bn-p-
sn AhnsS-sbmw a\p-jy-Xpey-\m-bmWv
Fgpv . BZ- ns m\- h - \ - h n
ssZhw F{X ZpxJn-X-\m-sbp t\mq. Aar-
X- h r- - ns ]gw Xnp- - X n F{X
Cujy-bp-m-bn. BZyta tXm-n ]mn-
- t m IpSn- b n- d - t - n- h - c p- s a `hn-
jym\w Cm- b n- c ptm? As\
{InkvXym\nIfpsS Cuiz-c kh--\-s-
p hcp-p. Pzme-bp hmfp-ambn sIcq-_p-
Isf Imh Gs-Sp-p-Xv a\p-jys
]Wn-bmWv, ssZh-n-s-b-.
9. Iptd-mew Ign-np Ibo \nes A\p-`-h-
n\np btlmshp Hcp hgn-]mSp sImp-h-p.
lmt_epw BnIq--nse ISn-q-ep-I-fn\n-v
Ah-bpsS taZ-n \np Xs Hcp hgn-]mSp sImp-
h-p. btlmh lms_enepw Ahs hgn-]m-Snepw {]km-
Zn-p. Ibo-\nepw Ahs hgn-]m-Snepw {]km-Zn-n-.
Ibop Ghpw tIm]-ap-mbn Ahs apJw hmSn.
Atm btlmh Ibo-t\mSv : \o tIm]n-p--sXv?
\ns apJw hmSp-Xpw Fv Fp tNmZn-p. (4- 3, 4,
5, 6)
kao: ssZhw amwk-`p--s-n -lm-s_-
en {]km-Znv Bnh-gn-]mSp kzoI-cn-bpw
Ibo-s\bpw Ahs hgn-]mSpw kzoI-cn-m-Xn-
cn-bpw sNptam? Ch-cpsS Ie-l-n\pw
lms_-ens ac-W-n\pw ssZh-amWv Imc-
W-m-c Cu {InkvXyssZhw a\p-jy-sc-
tme kwkm-cn-p-p. tXm-n-tev hchpw
t]mpw tXm--Wnbpw Fmw a\p-jys
tPmen-bm-Wv. CXn\n-smw ss__n a\p-
jy-Ir-Xy-amWv ssZh-n-t-X FpsXfn-bp-
p.
10. ]ns btlmh Ibo-t \mSv : \ns A\p- P - \ mb
lms_ FhnsS Fp tNmZn--Xnp: Rm Adn-bp-
n-, Rm Fs A\p-Ps Imh-evm-ct\m Fv
Ah ]d-p. AXnp Ah Acp-fn-s-bvXXv: \o
Fp sNbvXp? \ns A\p-Ps c-ns i_vZw
`qan-bn\nv FtmSp \ne-hn-fn-p-p.... tZiw \ohnp
im]-{K-kvX\
- mbn t]mI-Ww. (4.9-11)
kao: Ibo-t\mSv At\z-jn-m-sX-Xs
kXym-{]-Im-iw
ssZh-n\v lms_-ens ac-W-s-n Adn-
bm-am-bn-cp-nt? c-ns i_vZw `qan-
bn\np Btcm-sS-nepw \ne-hn-fn-ptam?
CsXmw Adn-hn-m-bva-bm-Wv. Cu ]pkvXIw
Cuiz-ct\m GsX-nepw hnZzmt\m Dm-n-
b-X-.
11. saYq-ie
- l
- ns\ P\n-n-t- ijw lmt\mIv apqdp kwh-
cw ssZh-tm-Sp-Iq-sS- \S-p. (5.22)
{InkvXym-\n-If
- psS ssZhw a\p-jy-\s
- -n
lmt\m-ns IqsS Ah Fs\ -\-Sp?
thZ-n ]d-bp \ncm-Im-c-\mb Cuiz-cs\
kzoI-cn-mte {InkvXym-\n-Ipw \-h-cq.
12. Ahp ]p{Xn-am P\n--tm ssZh-ns ]p{X-
m a\p-jy-cpsS ]p{Xn-amsc ku-cy-ap-h - s- cp Inv
Xp-t_m-[n Gh-tcbpw `mcy-am-cmbn FSp-p.
Atm tbmlh: a\p-jy-\n Fs Bflmhv kZm-Im-
ehpw hmZn-p-sIm-n-cn-b - n. Ah PUw Xs-bt- m.
Fnepw Ahs Imew \qn-cp-]Xp kwh-c - a
- mIpw Fv
Acp-fn-sN-bvXp. Am-ep `qan-bn a-m Dm-bn-
cp-p. AXns tijhpw ssZh-ns ]p{X-m a\p-
jy-cpsS ]p{Xn-am-cpsS ASp- sNnv Ah asf
{]k-hn-p. Ch-cm-Ipp ]pcm-X\ Imes hoc-m.
Ion-s ]pcp-j-mXt. `qan-bn a\p-jys
ZpjvSX hen-bs - Xpw Ahs lrZ-bh - n-Nm-c - f - psS \ncq-
]-Ws - am-sbpw Fm-bvt]mgpw tZmj-ap-X - t{X Fpw
btlmh Ip. Xm `qan-bn a\p-jys\ Dm-p-I-
sImp btlmh A\p-X-]n-p. AXv Ahs lrZ-b-
n\p ZpxJ-am-bn. Rm krjvSn-n-p a\p-jys\ `qan-
bn \np \in-n-p-If - b
- pw. a\p-jy-s\bpw arK-sbpw
Cg-Pm-Xn-sbbpw BIm-i-nse ]n-I-sfbpw Xt;
Ahsb Dm-p-Is - Imp Rm A\p-X] - n-pp Fp
tbmlh Acp-fn-s-bvXp. (6.2-7)
kao: ssZh-ns ]p{X-m Bcm-sWv
{InkvXym-\n-It- fmSp tNmZn-W
- w. ssZh-ns
`mcy. `mcy-bpsS A-\--am, Afn-b apX-
em-b-h-cmWv? BZ-ans a-fp-ambn hnhmlw
\S-XpsImv ssZhw Ah-cpsS _p-hmbn.
Ah-cpsS a sImpa-fmbn. CsXmw
ssZh-nt\m ssZh-ns ]pkvX-I-nt\m
tN-XmtWm? hmkvX-h-n GtXm Imp-
Pm-Xn-m Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wop-kvX-Iw.
kh- - X bpw `hn- j y- Z vm- \ hpw
Cm ssZhw ssZh-a. krjvSn--tm,
C\n a\p-jy ZpjvS-cm-bn-cn-p-sa--dn-hn-m-bn-
cptm? ]m--]n-pI AXn ZpxJn-X-\m-hp-
I, Adn-bmsX sNb-Xnv ]m--]n-p-I.
Fn-h-sbmw {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ssZh-n-
\-msX thZ-n ]d-bp Cuiz-c\p tNcp-
I-bn-. {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ssZhw ]q-hn-
359
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Zzm\pw tbmKn-bp-a-m-bn-cp-sv CXn\np
sXfn-bp-p. A\y-Ym-im-nbpw hnm-\hpw
sImv Ch-bn\n--Ip \nevp-am-bn-cp-p.
IjvSw, ]n-ar-Km-Zn-Ifpw ZpjvS-cm-bn-tmtbm?
ssZh-n\v kh-X Dm-bn-cp-s-n
C{Xbpw ZpxJn-X-\m-hp-I-bn-m-bn-cp-p. AXn-
\m CXv ssZh-hp-a-. ss__n- ssZh-Ir-X-
hp-a-, thtZm-Iv-Xhpw k-]m-]-t-i-Zpx-J-tim-
Im-Zn-cl
- n-Xhpw kn-Zm-\
- k- z-cq-]h
- p-amb Cuiz-
cs\ {InkvXym-\n-I C\n-sb-nepw AwKo-I-
cn-m Ah-cpsS a\p-jy-Pw k^-e-am-mw.
13. s]-I-ns \ofw apq-dp-apgw hoXn A-Xp-apgw
Dbcw apXp apgw. \obpw \ns ]p{X-mcpw `mcybpw
]p{X-m-cpsS `mcy-amcpw s]-I-n IS--Ww. kh-
Po-hn-If- n\npw kh-PU-
- n\npw Xt Cuc-o-
c-ns\ \ntm-Sp-IqsS Poh-c - b - vm-bnp s]-I
Ib-t-Ww. Ah BWpw s]pw Bbn-cn-t-Ww. AX-
Xp-Xcw ]n-If - n\npw AX-Xp-Xcw arK-f - n\npw
`qan-bnse AX-Xp-Xcw Cg-Pm-Xn-If- n\n-sm-tbpw Cuc-
o-cp Poh-c--bvm-bnp \ns ASp- h-tcWw.
\otbm kIe `-W-km-[-\--fn\npw thpXp
FSpp kw{K- l n- p- s Im- t Ww. AXp \n\- pw
Ahbvpw Blm-c-am-bn-cn-t-Ww. ssZhw XtmSp
Iev]nsXmsbpw t\ml sNbvXp. (6.15.18.22)
kao: Ccw \-S-m Imcy- ]d-
bp Bfns\ hnZzm-m-cm-cm\pw Cuiz-c-\mbn
Icp-Xptam? C{Xbpw \ofhpw hoXnbpw Db-c-
hp- a p s]- I - n sIm\pw ]nSnbpw
Bs] H-I-fpw tImSm-\p-tImSn CX-c-
Po-hn-Ifpw `W kma-{Kn-Ifpw IpSpw-_-fpw
sImptam? CXv a\p-jy-\p-m-nb ]pkvX-
I-am-Wv. CsX-gp-Xn-bb
- m hnZzm-\p-a
- m-bn-cp-p.
14. t\ml sbtlm-shp HcpbmK]oTw ]Wn-Xp. ipn-
bp kIe arK-f - nepw ipn-bp Fm ]d-hI
- f
- nepw
NneXp FSpp bmK-]o-T-n-t tlma-bmKw An-
p. btlm-h kuc-`y-hm-k\ aW--tm btlmh
Xs lrZ-b-n Acp-fn-sN-bvXp. Rm a\p-jys
\nanw C\n `qansb i]n--bn-. a\p-jys at\m-\n-
cq-]Ww _meyw apX tZmj-ap--Xp B-Ip-p. Rm
sNbvX-Xp-t]mse kIe Pohn-I-tfbpw C\n \in-n--bn-
. (8.20.21)
kao: thZn- b p- m- p- I , tlman- pI
Fnhsbgp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xn-\m Ch thZ-
n \nv ss__n-fn h-Xm-sWv \n-
bnmw. aW-m ssZh-n\v aqptm? Cu
{InkvXy ssZhw a\p-jysctm-et? Nne-
tm i]n-pp. Nne-tm ]m--]n-p- m- - h - \ - msX Cuiz- c CXp- sNptam?
p. i]n-p-sap Nne-tm ]d-bpw. BZyw
i]np ]nsbpw i]npw. BZyw Fm-n-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
s\bpw sImp-p. C\nta sImp-Ib
- n-spw
]d-bp-p. CsXmw _men-i-am-Wv. Cuiz-c-
stbm hnZzm-stbm hm-. hnZzm-m-cpsS
hmpw {]Xn-bpw nc-am-bn-cn-pw.
15. ssZhw t\ml-sbbpw Ahs ]p{X-m-scbpw A\p-
{K-lnv Ah-tcm-Sc - p-fn-s-bvXs
- X-s-m...... `qNc Pp-
-sfm-sbpw \nv Blmcw Bbn-cn-s. ]-
kkyw t]mse Rm kI-ehpw \nv Xncnpp-
{]mW\mbn-cn-p c-tm-Sp-IqsS am{Xw amwkw
`n--cp-Xv. (9-13.4)
kao:- Hns\ {]mW-th-Z\ A\p-`-hn-nv
ap--h B\-n-p-sIm-m D]-tZ-in-p
{InkvXyssZhw Zbm-lo-\-\t? Hcp aI-s\-
smv asm-ns\ Dup A-\--am alm-
]m-]n-I-ft? A-s\-bm-WnXpw Fm {]mWn-
- n Ifpw Cuiz-c\v a-fm-Wv. A-\-m-mWv
Ch-cpsS ssZhw Iim-p-Im-c-s\-tmse s]cp-
am-dp-Xv. a\p-jy-sc-sbmw Cu ssZhw sIme-
bm-fn-I-fm-n-bn-cn-p-p. As\ {InkvXy
ssZhw \n-b-\m-I-bm Fp-sImv ]m]n-
b?
16. `qan-bn Hsbpw Htc`mjbpw Htc-hmpw Bbn-cp-
p.... Ah Xn: hcp-hn \mw `qX-e- n Hsbpw
NnX-dn-tm-Im-Xn-cn-m Hcp ]-Whpw BIm-i-tmfw
Fp Hcp tKm]p-chpw ]Wn-I. \app Hcp t]cp-ap-
m-p-I. Fv Ah ]d-p. a\p-jy ]WnX ]-
Whpw tKm]p-chpw ImtW--Xn\p btlmh Cdn
hp. Atm btlmh: CXm P\w Hp, Ahs-m-
hpw `mjbpw Hp. CXpw Ah sNbvXp XpS-p-
p. Ah sNbvhm \ncq-]n-p--sXmpw Ahp
Akm-y-am-I-bn-. hcp-hn \mw Cd-n-sp Ah
Xn `mj Xncn--dn-bmXncn-m Ah-cpsS `mj I-
enfI Fp AcpfnsbvXp. As\ btlmh
Ahsc AhnsS \np `qX-e-n-sepw Nnn-p. Ah
]Ww ]Wn-bp-Xp hnp-I-f-p. (11.1, 48)
kao:- temI-n Fm-bn-Spw Hcp `mj-
bp- m- b n- c p- - t m a\p- j y ]c- k v ] - c w
AXyw B\--a-\p-`-hn-n-cn-Ww ]t
Fp- s Nmw? Cu {InkvXym- \ n- I - f psS
Cujym-ep-hm-b ssZhw Fm-h-cp-sSbpw `mj-
I-en kh-\m-i-ap-mn. CXp henb A]-
cm-[-am-bn-tm-bn. sNIp-m sNbvX-Xnepw
No-m-cy-a-t-bnXv? kn\mbv ]h-X-ns
apI-fnepw ap-amWv {InkvXy ssZhns
hmk-sapw Pohn-I-fpsS Db B{K-ln-n-cp-
nspw CXn \np shfn-hm-Ip-p. Adnhn-
CsXs\ ssZh-ns ]pkvX-I-amIpw?
17. Ah Xs `mcy kmdm-bn-tbmSp ]d-Xp: CXm \o
360
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
ku-cy-ap kv{Xosbp Rm Adn-bp-p. an{k-bo-
ay \ns ImWp-tm Ch Fs `mcy-sbp ]dv
Fs sImp-Ibpw \ns Poh-t\msS cn-bpw
sNpw. \o Fs ktlm-Z-cn-sbp ]d-b-Ww. Fm
\ns \nanw F\np \ hcn-Ibpw Rm Pohn-n-cn-
bpw sNpw.
kao: t\mq! Hcp alm-{]-hm-N-I-s\v
{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apkvfo-fpw ]pI-gvp
A{_lmw ]d-bp-Xv \pW-bm-Wv. Ccw
{]hm- N - I - c p- - h v Adnhpw kZv K - X nbpw
Fs\ Inpw!
18. ssZhw ]nsbpw A{_-lm-an-t\mSv Acp-fn-sN-bvXXv:
\obpw \ns tijw Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn \ns k-
Xnbpw Fs \nbaw {]am- W n- t - W w. F\n- b v pw
\npw \ns tijw \ns k-Xnbvpw aty-
bp-Xpw \n {]am-Wn-t--Xp-amb Fs \nbaw
BhnXp: \n-fn ]pcp-j-{]-P-sbm-sbpw ]cn-t-Z\
Gt-Ww. \n-fpsS A{K-Nw ]cn-t-Z\ sNt-
Ww. AXv F\nbvpw \npw aty-bp \nb-a-
ns AS-bmfw BIpw. Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn \n-fn
]pcp-j{- ]-Ps
- bm-sbpw Fp-Zn-hkw {]mb-am-Ip-tm ]cn-
t-Z\ Gt-Ww. hon P\n Zmk-\m-bmepw \ns
kn-bm-h - \mbn A\y-t\mSp hne-bvp-hm-n-bh- \
bmepw icn \ns hon P\n--Zm-k\pw \o hne-sIm-
Spp hmn-bh - \pw ]cn-t-Z\ Gt Ign-bq. Fs \nbaw
\n-fpsS tZl-n \nXy-\n-b-a-am-bn-cn-t-Ww. A{K-
Nn-bmb ]pcp-j{- ]-Psb ]cn-t-Z\ Fm-Xn-cp-m
P\-n \np tOZnp If-tb-Ww. Ah Fs \nbaw
ewLn-n-cn-pp (17.914)
kao: ssZh- ns Cu hn]-c o- Xm
t\mq! ]cn-t-Z-\-Iaw ssZh-n\v CjvS-am-
sW-n BZn krjvSn-bn Cu Nw Dm-
n-b-sX-n\mWv. AXp-m-n-bXv It]m-
f-t]mse cm-am-Wv. B Kp]vX-m\w
AXn-ar-Zp-e-am-Wv. AXn N-an-s-n Ddp-
p-I-Sn-m t]mepw ISp--s\m--c-ap-m-Ipw.
aq{X-i--bvp-tijw hkv{X-n Xpn-I
hogm-Xn-cn-bpw apw CXns D]-tbm-K-am-Wv.
AXp apdn- p- Xv No- b m- W v . Ctm
{InkvXym-\n-I Cu \nbaw ]men-m--sX-
mWv? CXp \nXy-\n-b-a-am-W-tm. AXp sXn-
-Xp-sImv ""\nb-a-n \nv Hcp {]Im-c-
nepw ISp-tImfw sX-cp-Xv'' F {InkvXp-
kmyw sXntmbn. CsXmpw {InkvXym-\n-
I Hpw {in-p-n-.
19. ssZhw A{_-lm-an-t\mSv Acp-fn-s-bvXp. Xo-tijw
Ahs\ hnp-I-b-dn-tmbn (17.22)
kao:- ssZhw a\p-jyt\m ]-ntbm Bhmw.
taIogpw Iogvtaepw bm{X sNpp! Cu
ssZhw C{-Pm-e-m-c-\m-sWp tXmp-p.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
20. A\-cw btlmh Ahp at{a-bpsS tXmn hp
{]Xy--\m-bn. shbn-epsdtm Ah IqSm-c-hm-Xn-
ev Ccn--bm-bn-cp-p. Ah Xe-s]m-n-t\m-n-b-
tm aqp ]pcp-j-m Xs t\sc \nev-p--Xp-I-p-
. A-hsc I-tm A-h IqSmchmXn \nv
Ahsc FXn-tc-ev]m HmSn-sv \new hsc Ip\np.
bP-am-\t\ FtmSp Ir]-bp-s-n ASn-bs\ ISp
t]mI-cp-tX. Akmcw shw sImp-hv \n-fpsS
Imep-Isf Igp-Is. hr-nIogn Ccn-n Rm
Hcp-apdn Aw sImp-hcmw. hniv AS-op \np
t]mImw. CXn-m-bn-tm \n ASn-bs ASp-
Ibdn-h-Xp Fp ]d-p. \o ]d--Xp-t]mse
BIs Fp Ah ]d-p. A{_lmw _-sp
IqSm-c-n kmd-bpsS ASp- Ibdn sNp. \o
W-n aqn-S-gn amhp FSpp Ipgp A-ap-
m-pI Fp ]d-p. A{_lmw ]ip-q- - n HmSn-
sp Cf-bXpw \-Xp-am-sbmcp Imf-p-nsb ]nSnv
Hcp _mey-m-cs ] sImSpp. Ah AXns\
W-n ]mIw sNbvXp. ]ns Ah shbpw
]mepw Xm ]mIwsNn Imf-p-n-sbbpw sImp-hv
Ah-cpsS apn hp. Ah-cpsS ASp- hr-n
Iogn ip{iq-jnp \np. Ah `Ww Ign-p. (18. 18)
kao: t\mq k-\-tf! ssZhw Imf-
- m- n- S m- h ns amwkw Xnp nXnbv v
Ahs D]m-kI - s
- c-n\v ]ip-hn-s\bpw IvSm-
tfbpw XnmsX hnSWw? Zb-bn-m, amwk-
`-W - m-Xp-c\- mb Hcp-h sIme-bm-fn-bmb a\p-
jy-\ - msX, ssZh-am-Iptam? ssZh-ns IqsS
Dm-bn-cp a\p-jy-cm-cm-sWv Adn-hn
GtXm Immf-qw Dm-bn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS
t\Xm-hmb a\p-jy-s\-bm-bn-cn-pw ss__nfn
ssZh-sap ]d-bp-Xv. C-s\-sbmw ]d-
bp Cu ]pkvXIw Cuiz-c-Ir-X-a-. Cs\
Hcp Cuiz-c-\p-an-.
21. btlmh A{_-lm-an-t\Sp: hrbmb Rm {]k-hn-
p-Xp hmkvX-htam Fp ]dp kmdm Nncn-Xp
Fp? tbml-h-bm Ign-bm Imcyw Dtm? (18 -- 14)
kao: CsXp ssZhw? Ipn- I - s fbpw
kv{XoI-sfbpw t]mse Cu {InkvXy ssZhw
Fp-th-K-amWv apjnv No-]-d-bp-Xv!
22. btlmh sktZm-an-sbpw sKmsam-c-bp-sSbpw ta
btlm-h-bp-sS kn-[n-bn\np, BIm-i-p-\n-p-
Xs K-I-hpw-Xobpw hjn-n-p. B ]-W-pw
{]tZ-i-n-\p-ap-gp-h\pw B ]-W--fnse kIe \nhm-
kn-Ipw \nes kky-pw Dqe \miw
hcpn. (19. 24-25)
kao: ss__n- f n- s e ssZh- ns
IfnItm? Ipn-I-tfm-Sp-t]mepw Zb-bn-m
ssZhw!- `qan Xncn-phv Ch-sc-sm-m C-
hscmcpw A]-cm-[n-I-fm-bn-cptm? \ymbw,
Zb hnthIw -Fn-hbvp hncp--am-Wn-Xv.
361
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Cuiz-c Cs\ sNbvXm D]m-kI
- Fp-
sImp sNp-I-bn?
23. hcn-I, A-\m k-Xn-e-`n-t--Xnp Ahs\
hop IpSn-nv Ah-t\mSp IqSn ibn Fp]d-p.
As\ Ap cm{Xn Ah As\ hop IpSn-np;
aq-h AIv sNv A-t\m-Sp-IqsS ibn-p..... \mw
Ahs\ Cp cm{Xnbpw hop-Ip-Sn-n-.... AIp
sNp Ah-t\mSp IqsS ibn-..... Cs\ tem-ns
cp ]p{Xn-am-cpw A-\m K`w [cn-p.
kao: t\mq! aZy-ns el-cn-bn ]nXm-
]p-{Xn-am t]mepw ZpjvI-n \np c-
s]-n-. CsX-s \-b p aZyw IpSn- p
{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apw sNp No-Iv
AXn-cptm? AXn-\m k-\- aZy-
ns t]-cp-t]mepw ]d-b-cp-Xv.
24. A\-cw btlmh Xm Acp-fn-s-bvXn-cp t]mse
kmdmsb kin-p. Xm hmKvZw sNbvXn-cp-Xv
btlmh kmdmbvp \nhn-p-sIm-Sp-p.- kmd K`n-
Wn-bm-bn (21,1-2)
kao:- kmdmsb kinv K`-hX - n-bm-n-
b-t{X. CsXs\? Cuiz-c\pw kmdmbvpw
at[y asmcp K`-m-]\ - I
- m-cWw ImWp-n-.
ssZh-Ir-]b- m-emhmw kmdm K`n-Wn-bm-bX- .v
25. A{_lmw AXn-Im-ev Fgp-tp Ahpw Hcp
Xpcpn shhpw FSpv lmKm-cns tXmfn hp.
Ipn-sbbpw sImSpp Ahsf Abp. Ah ]pd-s-
p-t]m-bn....... Ah Ipnsb Hcp Ipdp-mnXW-en
Cp...... FXnsc Ccpp Dds Ic-p. ssZhw _mes
\ne-hn-fn-tI-p. (21.14-17)
kao: {InkvXy ssZhw
sNbvXpshbvp ]Wn-IsIm-tm. BZyw
-A\ymb-ambn kmdbpsS `mK-p-\n-p. lmK-
lcm-bn-cpp i_vZw tIXv _me-sbpw! CsX-
-Zv`pXw ? _me-\mWv Id--sNv ssZhw
sXn--cn--Xmhmw. CsXmw ssZh-ns
hmtm, ssZh-h-N\ns hmtm, ssZh-h-
N- \ - nse AcpfsSmw Fs\bmIpw?
km[m-c-W-a-\p-jys\ Fgp-Xm-hp Nn-d-m-
cy--sfm-gnsI ss__n-fnse asmw \nmcw
Xs.
26. AXnstijw ssZhw A{_-lm-ans\ ]co-n-Xv
F-s\-sb-m, A{_m-lmsa Fp hnfn--Xnp;
Rm CXm Fp Ah ]dp Atm Ah: \ns
aIs\ \o kvt\ln-p \ns GI-Pm-X-\mb bnkvlm-
ns\ Xt, Iqn-smp tamcnbm tZip sNp.
AhnsS Rm \ntmSp Iev]n-p Hcp ae-bn
Ahs\ tlma-bmKw Ign F-cp-fn-s-bp-Xp .....Xs
aI bnkvlm-ns\ sIn bmK-]oTnta hnd-In-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
osX InS-n. ]ns A{_lmw ssI \on Xs aIs\
Adp-t--Xnp In FSp-p. DSs\ btlm-h-bp-sS
ZqX BIm-i - p-\np A{_-lmsa A{_-lmsa Fp
hnfnp; Rm CXm F-h ]dp: _mes ta
ssIsh--cpXv. Ah-t\mSp Hpw sNcpXv. \ns GI-
Pm-X-\mb aIs\ Xcp-hm \oaSn-mbvIsImp \o
ssZhs `b-s-Sp-p-shp Rm Ctm Adn-bp-p.
(22. 12, 912)
kao: Ctm Hcp-Imcyw kv]jvS-am-bn.
ss__n-fnse ssZhw Aev]--\mWv, kh-
-\-. A{_-lmapw Hcp ip-t`m-j-\m-bn-cp-
p. As-n Cs\ sNp-am-bn-cp-n-.
ss__nfnse Cuiz-c kh-\m-bn-cp-s-
n A{_-lm-ans ssZh-`bw kX-
bm Adn-t-s\. AXn-\m Cu ssZhw
kh--\-sv \nWbw.
27. RfpsS ivaim\-e-fn hv hnti-ja
- mbXn
acn--hsf AS-n-smI. (23. 6)
kao:- ihw Ipgn-n-SpXpsImv henb
lm\n-bp-v. AXv AgpIn hmbp-hns\ Zp-K-
-a-b-amn tcmKw ]c-p-p.
tNmZyw:\-ap-p-{]n-b-s-hsc Xo hbv-p-
Xp \. Ipgn-n-Sp-Xv, Dd-m InS-p-
-Xp-t]msebmI-bm AXt{X \v.
Dcw: acn- - h - t cmSp {]nbaps- n
hon hp-IqtS? Fn\p Ipgn-n-Spp? {]nb-
s Pohm-flmhv t]mbn-v, ZpK--ab-amb
amWv tijn- p- Xv . AXn- t \mSv Fp
{]oXn? AYhm {]nb-s--Xm-sW-n an
aqSp-s- X-n\v? \ns Ipgn-p-aq-Sp-sav Btcm-
sS- nepw ]d- m AhXv Hcn- epw
CjvS-am-hp-I-bn-. Ah-cpsS hmbnepw Inepw
ico-cpw s]mSnbpw Ipw CjvSn-Ibpw Ipm-
bhpw CSp-Xpw s\p Ip hbvp-Xpw
Fp-Xcw kvt\l-amWv? s]n-bn-eSn aqSp-
-Xp-sImv No-fnv ZpKw hanv Zmcp-
W-amb tcmK--fp-m-pw. ]nsmv, Hcp
ihw Ipgn-n-Sm BdSn \ofhpw \meSn hoXn-
bp-ap e-sa-nepw thWw. Cu IW--\p-
k-cnv \qtdm etam tImSntbm ih--f-
Sw sNm F{X `qan ]mgm--Ww. AhnsS
hbtem tXmtam ]mn-Stam Dmm-\m-
hn-! AXp-sImv Ipgn-n-Sp--XmWv Gsd
No. Iptd-qSn t`Zw sh-n-se-dn-bp-I-bm-
Wv. Pe-P-p- ISn-p-Iodn Xnp-sIm-pw.
Fmepw tijn-p Fpw apw AgpIn
362
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
temIp _pn-ap-p-mIpw. CXnepw \Xv
Imn Xp-X - m-Wv. amwk-`p-p-If - m-b ]n-
ar-Km-Zn-I hen-p-Io-dn-Xn-p-sImpw Fnepw
tijn- p Fpw abpw aehpw apw
AgpIn temI-n-\p-Iptd Zpcn-Xa - p-m-pw. Zln-
n-p--XmWv Ghpw \Xv. icocw AWp-cq-
]-n hmbp-hn ebn-p-sIm-pw.
tNmZyw: Zln- n- mepw ZpK- - a p- m-
hpIbnt?
Dcw: th-hw Zln-n-m-m Ipd-
p-m-hp-sa-nepw Ipgn-n-Sp--Xnepw Ipd-hm-bn-
cn-pw. hn[n-bmw-hw thtZm-a - mb6 coXn-bn
Zln- n- - W w. arX- i - c o- c - ns ssIbv v
Ap-apgw \ofw, aqp apgw XmgvN, aq-c-apgw
hoXn-bn -Ip-gn-Ip-gn--Ww. Xe-`mKw Dbpw
Imens `mKw XmWpw apI-fnse hoXn-bpsS
]IpXn ASn-bn h-cpw-hw Ncnpw thWw
Ipgn-t--Xv. icoc-ns Xpey-Xq-w s\v.
tkdn\v Hcp amSn--W-n\p IkvXqcn, Hcp-
aoiw hoXw tIkcw, Ghpw Ipd-Xv Ac-
av N\w 7 IqSp- X F{XbpamImw
AInev, XI-cw, Iqcw apX-em-b-hbpw miv
apX-emb hr--fpsS hndIvsImv thZn-bp-
mn arXtZlw hv hopw [mcmfw hndIv
ASpn aqSn s\ns Blp-Xn-bnv Zln-
n-m-\mWv Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-X - v. Cs\ Zln-
n-m Hpw ZpK--ap-m-hp-I-bn-. CXn\v
AtyjvSn, \c-ta-[w, ]pcp-j-ta[w apX-emb
t]cp-I-fp-v. hfsc Zcn-{Z-\m-bmepw Ccp-]Xp
tkdn Ipdv s\m-I-cp-Xv. CXv Cctm
_p- fpsS - Z m- \ - a mtbm A[n- I m- c n- I -
fn\ntm kw`-cn--Ww. C-s\bpw Inm-
-]w shdpw hnd-Ip-am{Xw D]-tbm-Knp Zln-
n-p-Xv Ipgn-n-Sp--Xnepw D-a-am-Wv. Hcp
Xpp-`q-an-bnse thZn-bn tImSn--W-n\p
Zml- I aw \S- mw. `qan ]mgm- h p- I - b n.
IpSocw Ip `ocp- t]Sn-p-I-bn-. Ipgn-
6. `kvamav ico-cav (b-Pq. 40.15) Cu thZ-hm-Iy-n-\-
\p-kc- nv Aiz-em-b\ - mZn Krly-kq-{X-f
- n (4.1.5-10)
hn[n-n-cn-pw-]Sn hntcmt[ Xzt\-t]w kymZ-kXn
ly\p-am-\av v(1.3.2.) thZ-hn-cp--a-m Krly-{iuX
kq{X- t\mn thZm-\p-Iqeyw A\p-am-\nv sN-
W-sav Xmev]cyw.
7. Ch ]gb Afhpw Xq-hp-am-Wv. tk Hcp Intem-
tbmfw hcpw. amSn Ac-m {Kmapw, aoiw AXns
]Ip-Xnbpw, av Ccp-]Xv Intem-{Km-apw GI-tZiw hcpw.
Cu IWv Ae-.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n-Sp-Xv Xopw \njn--am-Wv.
28. Fs bP-am-\\
- mb A{_-lm-ans ssZh-amb btlmh
hmgvsh: Ah Fs bP-am-\-t\m-Sp Z-bbpw
hnizkvXXbpw Dt]nn. Cu bm{X-bn btlmh
Fs Fs bP-am-\s ktlm-Z-c-m-cpsS hon-tep
\S-n-smp hp-htm Fp ]dp (24,27)
kao:- Ah A{_-lm-ans am{Xw ssZh-
am-bn-cptm? Cm-ev hgn-Im-n-I apt-
\- S v hgn- I m- p- - X p- t ]mse Cuiz- c \pw
sNbvsXtm? Ctm ssZhw hgn-Im-m--
sXv? a\p-jy-tcmSv kw`m-jWw sNm--
sXv? CsXmpw ssZh-nt\m ssZh-h-N-\-
amb {K-nt\m tbmPn--X-. ImS-mp
am{Xw tNcpw.
29. bnivam-tb-ens ]p{X-m-cpsS t]cp-I AhnXp;
bnivam-tb-ens BZy PmX s\_m-tbm-v, tIZm,
AZvs_-tb, an_vimw, anivam, Zqam, am, lZm-Zv, tXam,
bXq, \m^o-kv, tIsZ-am. (25, 13 15).
kao: Cu bnivam-tb A{_-lm-an\v Zmkn-
bmb lmKm-dn P\n ]p{X-\m-Wv.
30. Rm Ah-sb-smv \ns A-p CjvShpw cpNn-
I-c-hp-am-b t`mP\w Dmpw. \ns A Xnp Xs
ac-W- n-\p-aps \ns A\p-{K-ln-t-X - n\p \o AXp
Ahs ASp- sImp-sN--Ww...... ]ns dnt_m
hon Xs ] D-Xmb aq-a-I Gim-hns
hnti-j-hkv{Xw Cf-b-a-I bmtm-_ns\ [cn-n-p.
Ah tImem-nIp-n-IfpsS tXmsImp Ahs
ssIIfpw tcma-an-m Igp-pw s]mXn-p....... Ah
As ASp- sNp; Am Fp ]d--Xnp
Rm CXm, \o B, aIt\ Fp Ah tNmZnp.
bmtm_v A-t\mSv, Rm \ns BZy PmX Gimhv;
FtmSp Iev]n-Xp Rm sNbvXn-cn-p-p, Fgptp
Ccpp Fs th-bn-dn Xnp Fs A\p-{K-ln-t-
Wsa Fp ]d-p. (27. 910, 15, 16, 19)
kao: Cs\ Ihpw Im]-Syhpw sImv
BiohmZw hmn ]noSv kn\pw {]hm-N-
I- \ p- a m- sWp \Sn- p- p. CXm- cyat?
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]qhn-I C-c-m-cmWv.
]ns-s\ Kpep-am-ep-I Ipdbpw?
31. bmtm_v AXn-Im-ep Fgp-tp Xe-bn-W-bmbn
hn-cp Ip FSpp XqWmbn \nn. AXn-t
F Hgn-p. Ah B e-np _tY Fp
t]hn-fn-p..... Rm XqWmbn \nnb Cu Ip ssZh-
ns Be-b-hpam-Ipw. (28. 18-19-22)
kao: ImS-m-cpsS ]Wn-t\m-q. Ins\
]qPnp, ]qPn-np. CXn-s\-bmWv apow-
"_b- apI-Zkv' (]p-Wy-ta-dn-b _tY)
Fp ]d-bp--Xv. CXmtWm tZhm-ebw? Cu
In am{Xta ssZhw Dtm? sImmw!
363
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
sImmw! Fp ]d-bm! {InkvXym-\n-Itf!
ISp hn{K-lm-cm-[-I \n Xs.
32. ssZhw dmtl-e ns\ Hmp. ssZhw Ah- fpsS
At] tIp. ssZhw Ah-fpsS K`s Xpd-p,
Ah K`w [cnp Hcp aIs\ {]k-hn-p. ssZhw Fs
\n \on--f-n-cn-pp Fp ]d-p. (30.22-23)
kao: sImmw {InkvXy ssZhta! tIa
UmIvSXs, K`-]m{Xw Xpd-p-X - n\v Fv
Huj[hpw ikv { X- h p- a m- W p- m- b n- c p- - X v ?
CsXmw A-X-Xs!
33. Fm ssZhw cm{Xn kz]v\-n Acm-ay-\mb
em_ms ASp- hv Ah-t\mSp: \o bmtm-_n-
t\mSp KpW-sa-nepw tZmj-sa-nepw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-m
kqnp-sImI Fp Iev]n-p..... BIs, \ns ]nXr-
`-h-\-n-m-bp AXn-hm-RvObm \o ]pd-s-p-t]m-
p. Fm Fs tZh-msc tamjvSn-Xp Fnp?
(31. 24. 30)
kao:- CsXmcp DZm-l-cWw am{X-am-Wv.
At\Iw t]cpsS ASp- kz]v\-n hp
kwkm-cn-n-p-v. Pm{K-Z-h--bnepw ]ecpw
ImWp-Ibpw, Xo\pw IpSnbpw t]mpw hchpw
]epw ssZh-tm-sSm-w sNm Ign-n-
p- s pw ss__n- f n Fgp- X n- b n- p- v .
Fm Ctm ssZhw Dtm Ctbm
F-dn-hn-. Fs-m Ctm Bpw
kz]v\- ntem DWhntem ssZhs
ImWm Ign-bp-n-. Cu Imp-Iqw inem-hn-
{K-lsf ssZh-ambn Bcm-[n-n-cp-spw
sXfn- b p- p. IqSmsX Ch- c psS ssZhhpw
Ins\ ssZh-ambn Icp-Xn-bncpspw "ssZh-
sf tamjvSnp' F {]tbm-K-n \np
hp-Iq-Spp.
34. bmtm_v Xs hgn-p-t]mbn. ssZh-ns ZqX-
m Ahs FXnsc hp. bmtm_v Ahsc I-
tm CXp ssZh-ns tk\ Fp ]dp. (32.1-2)
kao: {InkvXy ssZhw a\p-jy-\m-sW-Xv
Ctm Ak-n-Kv-ambn sXfn-p. Fs-
m At-l-n\p ssk\yhpw Dv. tk\-
bp--tm Bbp-[hpw Dv. ]te-Shpw B{I-
an-p-p-m-hmw. Cs-n ssk\yw sIms-
p-{]-tbm-P\w?
35. bmtm_v X\ntb tijn-p. Atm Hcp ]pcp-j
Dj-m-Ip-thmfw Ah-t\mSp ap-]n-Sn-p. Ahs\ Pbn-
-bn Fp I-tm Ah Ahs XpS-bpsS XSw
sXmp. BI-bm Ah-t\mSp ap]nSn--bm bmtm-
_ns XpS-bpsS XSw Dfp-n-tm-bn. Fs hnSp-I. Djv
DZn-p-p-htm Fp A-h ]dXnp \o Fs
A\p-{K-ln-
- msX Rm \ns hnSp-Ib - n Fp Ah
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]d-p.- \ns t] Fv Fv Ah-t\mSp tNmZn--
Xnp: bmtm_v Fv Ah ]d-p. \o ssZh-
tmSpw a\p-jy-tcmSpw ap-]n-Snp Pbn-X
- p-sImv \ns
t] C\n bmtm_v F bn{km-tb Fv hnfn--
sSpw Fv Ah ]d-p. bmtm_v Ah-t\mSv: \ns
t] F\nv ]d-p-X-tcWw Fp At]-n-p. \o
Fs t] tNmZnp-Xp Fp Fp Ah ]d-p.
AhnsS hp Ahs\ A\p-{K-ln-p. Rm ssZhs
apJm-ap-Ja
- mbn Inpw F\np Poh-lm\n hn Fp
bmtm_v ]d-p. B e-n\p s]\o-tb Fp
t]cnp: Ah s]\o-tb IS-p-t]m-Ip-tm kqcy
DZn-p. Fm XpS-bpsS Dfpp \nanw Ah apSn
\S-p. Ah bmtm-_ns XpS-bpsS XSnse Rcp
sXmSpI sImp bn{km-tb a Cp-h-tcbpw XpS-
bpsS XS-nse Rcp Xnm-dn-. (32. 24-32)
kao-:- {InkvXy ssZhw tKmZm-a- BI-
bm-emImw kmdmbvpw dmtl-en\pw ]p{X-
`mKyw \evIn-b-Xv. CXv Cuiz-c-\mtWm? Hcm-
fn-t\mSp t]cp tNmZn-p-I, kzw t]cp ]d-
bm-Xn-cn-pI! CsX-p-Ifn? ssZhw Rcv Dfp-
nv Pbn--Xn-cn-s, UmIvS-dm-bn-cp-s-n
Rcp t\sc-bm-n-tb-s\. Cu ssZhs
`Pn bmtm_v apS- n- b - X p- t ]mse ap
`cpw apS-p-p-m-Imw. ssZhs {]Xy-
-ambn ImW-W-sa-n-tem abpw sN-W-
sa-ntem ssZhw ico-c-ap--h-\m-bn-cn--Ww.
CsXmw ip _men-i-am-Wv.
36. ssZh-ns apJw ImWp--Xpt]mse (33.10)
kao: Cuizc\p apJ-ap-s-n a-h-b-h-
fpw ImWpw. P\\ ac-W--fp--h-\p-am-bn-
cnpw!
37. blq-Z-bpsS BZy-Pm-X-\mb G btlm-shp A\n-
jvS-\m-bn-cp--XpsImp btlm-h Ahs\ acn-n-p.
Atm blqZm Hm\m-t\mSp : \ns tPyjvTs `mcy-
bpsS ASp- sNv tZh- c - [ aw A\p- j v T np
tPyjvTs t]p k-Xnsb Df-hm-pI Fp ]d-
p. Fm B kXn Xt-Xm-bn-cn--bn Fp
Hm\m Adn-I-sImp -tPy-jvTs `mcy-bpsS ASp-
sN-tm tPyjvT\p k-Xnsb sImSp-m-Xn-cn-t-
-Xnp \nep hogvn--f-p. Ah sNbvXXp
btlm-hp A\n-jvSam-bn-cn-p-X
- p-sImp Ah Ch-
s\bpw ac-n-p. (38.7-10)
kao: t\mq! CXp a\p-jy-cpsS ]Wntbm
Cuiz-c-stbm? \ntbmKw sNbvX nXnv
Fn\p sImp? Ahs _pn t\sc-bm-m-
- s Xv ? thtZm- - a m- b \n- t bmK\nbaw
Fpw Dm-bn-cp-p. Fm tZi-f - nepw {]Nm-
c-n-en-cpp Fp Xo-bm-bn.
364
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
]pd-mSp ]pkvXIw
38. B Imev tamsi apXn-tijw Ah Xs
ktlm-Z-c-m-cpsS ASp- sNp Ah-cpsS `mc-ap
the-t\mn, Xs ktlm-Z-c-m-cn Hcp G{_m-bs\
Hcp an{k-bo-ay ASn-p--Xp-I-p. Ah Atmpw
Ctmp t\mopw Bcpw Csp I-tm an{k-bo-
ays\ ASn-p-sIm-p aW-en ad-hp-sN-bvXp. ]nt-Zn-hkw
Ah sN-tm cv F{_mb ]pcp-jam X-n
iWvT-bnSp--Xp-I-p. A\ymbw sNbvX-h-t\mSp: \ns
Iqp-Im-cs\ ASn-p-Xp Fv Fv tNmZn-p. AXnp
Ah, {]`phpw \ymbm-[n]-Xnbpw Bn-b-h B?
an{k-bo-ays\ sIm-Xp-t]mse Fsbpw sImp-hm
`mhn-p-pthm Fp tNmZn-p. Atm Imcyw {]kn-
-ambn t]mbtm Fp tamsi ]d-p t]Sn-p. ^d-
thm Cu Imcyw tImsd tamisb sImp-hm At\z-
jn-p. tami ^d-thm k-n-[n-bn\nv HmSn-tm-bn.
(2. 11 15)
kao: Itm! ss__n- f nse ]pWym-
flmhpw aXm-Nm-cy-\p-amb tami-t]mepw t{Im[m-
Zn-ZpKp-W-bp-\pw, sIme-bm-fnbpw I-s\-
tmse in-bn \nsm-fn-tm-Sp--h\pw
Bbn-cp-p. Imcyw ad-p-h-bvp Bfm-bn-cp-
-Xn-\m Iw ]d-bp--bm-fp-am-bn-cn--Ww.
C-c-sam-cm-fmWv ssZhs IXpw blq-
Z-aXw m]n-Xpw! ssZhhpw tami-sb-tm-
se-bm-bn. {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS aqe-]p-cp-j
tami-ap-X-ep--h ImS--nepw Ahn-Zy-
bnepw Ign-n-cp--h-cm-Wv.
39. t\mt-X
- np Ah hcp-Xp btlmh I-tm
ssZhw ap-Sns \Sp-hn \np Ahs\ tamsi,
tamsi Fp hnfn-p. AXn\p Ah CXm Rm Fp
]d-p. Atm Ah, Ctm-p ASp--cpXp \o
\nevp ew hnip `qan-bm-I-bm Imen \np
sNcnp Agnp I-fI Fp Iev]n-p. (3-4,5)
kao: t-- \m-pI. a\p-jys\ sImv aW-en
aqSp Ccw a\p- j y- t \mSv Cuiz- c s
ssa{Xnbpw C-c - msc {]hm-NI
- \
- mbn ImWp-
Xpw tIaw-X-s. ]hn-{X-amb ev sNcn-
n-S-cp-sXp ssZhw tami-tbmSp Iev]n-Xv
\n-sf-mWv ]men-m-Xv?
tNmZyw:- R sNcp-n\p ]Icw sXmn-
bq-cp-p-tm?
Dcw:- CXp \n sNp cm-as
A]-cm[amWv. sXmn-bq-cm ssZhw ]d-n-
p-an- \n-fpsS ]pkvX-I-n-ep-an-. -Du-tc-
Xv Ducm-Xpw thm-Xv Ducp-Xpw
\n-fpsS ]pkvX-I-n\p cp hncp--{]-hr-
n-I-fm-bn.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
tNmZyw:- R-fpsS bqtdmv tZiv XWp-
-[n-I-am-Wv. AXmWv sNcp-q-cm--Xv.
Ccw: Xe- b n XWp- - S n- nt?
AXmWp Imcy- s a- n bqtdm- n- e - s\
sNbvXm aXn. R-fpsS hontem hncn-ntem
hcp-tm sNcp-q-c-Ww. Cs-n \n-fpsS
]pkv X - I - n\p hncp- - a m- W Xv . As\
\n sNbvXp-Iq-Sm.
40. btlmh Ah-t\mSp: \ns In Ccn-p-Xp Fp
Fp tNmZn-p. Hcp hSn Fp Ah ]d-p. AXp
\ne-n-SpI Fp Fp Iev]n-p. Ah \ne-n-p.
AXv Hcp k-am-bn-op. tamsi AXns\ Ip
HmSn-tm-bn. btlmh tamsi-tbmSp; \ns ssI \on
AXns\ hmen\p ]nSn Fp Iev ] n- p. Ah
ssI\on AXns\ ]nSn-p. AXv Ahs ssIn hSn-
bmbvXop....... btlmh ]nsbpw Ah-t\mSp \ns
ssI amn-S-n CSpI Fp Iev]n-p. Ah ssI
amn-S
- n Cp. ]pdsSp-tm ssI lnaw-t]mse
shfpp IpjvT-ap--Xmbn Ip. \ns ssI hopw
amn-S-n CSpI Fp Iev]n-p. Ah ssI amn-
S-n Cp amn-S-n\npw ]pd-s-Sp--tm
AXp hopw Ahs at amwkw-t]mse Bbn Ip....
\o \Zn-bnse shw tImcn DW-nb \nep Hgn-
tWw.- \Zn-bn \np tImcnb shw DW-nb
\nep c-am-bn-ocpw. (4-2-4-6,7,9)
kao:- t\mpI. Fp the--c--fmWv
ssZhw Imp--Xv. Zmk tamsibpw -tam-i-a-
. Atm-gn-hsc ]np-S-cp--h-sc-\ncnpw?
Cs sN-Sn-hn-Zy-m CXnepw tami-
amtWm? Cu ssZhw hm Ifn- m- c
Xs. hnZzmam CsXmw Fs\ hniz-
knpw? Ftgpw "Rm ssZh-am-Wv. A{_-
lm-an-sbpw Cm-n-sbpw bmq-_n-sbpw
ssZh-am-Wv' Fv X-m ]pI-gvn-d - p
\S-p-p. CXv D-ap tN-X-. Uw`p-
-ht tNcq.
41. s]k-lsb Adp-n. Cutkmp sNSn-bpsS Hcp
sIp FSpp In-n-ep c-n apn In-
n-ep cw Ipdp-S- n-taepw I-f - m cntaepw
tX-Ww. ]ns-m shfp-pw-hsc \n-fn Bcpw
hons hmXn-en\p ]pd-n-d--cpXv. btlmh an{k-bo-
aysc ZWvUn-n-t--Xn\p ISp hcpw. Fm Ipdp-
-Sn-taepw I-fm cntepw cw ImWp-tm
btlmh hmXn Hgn-p IS-p-t]m-Ipw. \n-fpsS hoSp-
I-fn \nsf ZWvUn-n-t--Xn\p kwlm-c-I hcp-
hm k-Xn--bp-an-. (12-21-23)
kao: CsXmcp sN-Sn-hn-Zy-t]m-en-cn-p-p.
Cu ssZhw kh--\-. c-ap{Z Imte
C{k-tb Ipew Adn-bpthm? CXv p{Z-_p-
n-bmb a\p-jys {]hr-np Xpey-amWv.
365
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
CXn \ns-mw- GtXm Imm-f Fgp-Xn-b-
Xm-Wn-sXp sXfn-bp-p.
42. A-cm-{Xn-bntem knwlm-k\ -
- n-en-cp ^d-thms
BZy-Pm-X apX Ip-db - n InS XS-hp-Im-cs BZy-
Pm-X hscbpw an{kbow tZi-nse BZy PmX-m-scbpw
arK-f- psS ISn-q-ep-It- fbpw Fmw btlmh kwl-cn-
p. ^d-thm\pw Ah-s kIe `rXy-mcpw kIe an{k-
bo-aycpw cm{Xn-bn Fgp-t-p. an{k-bo-an hen-sbmcp
\ne-hnfn Dm-bn. Hp-a-cn-msX Hcp hoSpw Dm-bn-cp-
n.
kao: t`jv. sImmw. ]mXn-cm-hn Ih-
m-cs\tmse \n-b\ - mb {InkvXy ssZhw
B_m-eh - rw \nc-]c
- m-[n-If
- mb a\p-jy-scbpw,
arK--sfbpw sImp If-p. Hpw Zbhp
sNbvXn- . CuPn- ] vXn Iq- \ n- e - h nfn
XpSnpw {InkvXy ssZh-ns Nn-
n \np \njvTq-cX t]mbn-. CsXms
Cuiz-c-s\- shdp-samcp km[m-cW a\p-
jy-\p-t]mepw tN-X-. CXv B-cy-a-.
amwkmlm- c n- W x ItXm- Z bx = (amwkm-
lmcnIv FhnsS Zb) Fs-gp-X-s-n-p-
v. amwkm-lm-cn-bmb {InkvXy ssZh-n\v
Zb-hp-am-sbp _w?
43. btlmh \npthn bpw sNpw. \n
anm-Xn-cn-n Fp ]d-p. aptm-p-t]m-Ip-hm
bn{km-bo a-tfmSp ]d-I. hSn FSpp \ns CS-
XpssI IS-en-t \on AXns\ hn`m-Kn; bn{km-tb
a IS-ens \Spth DW-nb \ne-p-IqSn IS-p-
t]m-Ipw. (14,14-16)
kao: C{k-tb a-fpsS ]nmse CS-
b Bn]--n\p ]nm-se-sb--hw
\S ssZhw Ctm Fhn-sS-tmbn adp?
As-n IS-en\p \Sp-hnIqSn \mep]mSpw
d-bnmfw Cp-sIm-Sp-ts\. Fnen-tmgpw
AXp temI-n-\p-]-Im-c-am-tb-s\. hhpw
apw Dm-m sa\-s-tSn hcn-m-bn-cp-p.
]s, {InkvXy ssZhw Fhn-sS-t]mbv ad-
mthm! Cs\ ]e Akw-`-h-eo-e-Ifpw
tami- t bm- s Smv ssZhw BSn- b n- p- v.
{InkvXy ssZhhpw ssZh tkh-I\pw Ah-
cpsS {Khpw Fs-dnbm Ign-Xp
\mbn. AsXmw \n\nv AI-n-cn-p-
Xt{X \v.
44. \ns ssZh-amb btlm-hb
- mb Rm XovWX - b
- p
ssZh-am-Ip-p. Fs ]sI-p-h - c
- n ]nXm-
- m-cpsS
AIrXyw aqm-a-tbpw \mem-a-tbpw Xe-apd hsc
a-fpsS ta kin-p-Ibpw (20 . 5)
kao:- ]nXm-hns Ip-n\v \mep-X-e-ap-d-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
hsc asf inn-p-Xv icn-sbp Icp-
Xp--Xv Fhn-Ss \oXn-bmWv? \-h-\mb
A\v No-a-I Dm-Im-dns? adnpw?
Atm \mep-Xe - a
- p-dsb Fs\ innpw?
Amw Xe-ap-d-ap-X ZpjvS-m-cp-m-bm
Ahsc inn-p-IqsS? sXp sNm--hs\
inn-p-Xv A\ym-b-amWv.
45. iv \mfns\ ipo-I-cn-m Hm. Bdp-Zn-hkw
Azm-\np \ns the Hsbpw sNbvXp. Ggmw Znhkw
\ns ssZh-amb btlm-h-bpsS iv BIp-p.....
AXp-sImv btlmh iv \mfns\ A\p-{K-lnp
ipo-I-cn-n-cn-p-p. (20.8,11)
kao: Rmb am{X-amtWm -]-cnip Zn\w?
amdp Znh-k-fpw Aip-tam? ssZhw Bdp-
\m ISp ]cn-{i-aw-sNbvXv Ggmw \m
oWn-p-d-n-tmtbm? RmdmgvN Bioh-
Zns-n ap Znh-k-sf Fp sNbvXp?
i]ntm CsXmpw Adn-hp--hp tN-
X-. ]ns-s\ ssZh-n\p tNcpw? Rmb-
dm-gvN-bn Fp KpW-q-Sp-X-ep-m-bn-mWv
Am-fns\ hmgvp-Ibpw ap \mfp-Isf i]n-
p-Ibpw sNbvXXv?
46. Iqp-Im-cs t\sc I-kmyw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Iqp-Im-
cs `h-\s tamln--cp-Xv. Iqp-Im-cs `mcy-sbbpw
Ahs Zmk-s\bpw Zmkn-sbbpw Ahs Imf-sbbpw
Igp-Xs - bbpw Iqp-Im-c\
- p bmsXm-n-s\bpw tamln--
cp-Xv. (20.16-17)
kao: t`jv! CXn-\m-em-hmw {InkvXym-\n-
I ]c-tZ-in-If - psS kzn-t, Zml-ap-h -
Pe-tbpw hni-p-h - tNmdn-t\mSpw ImWn-
p Bn Imp--Xv. CXp XImcyw
t\Sm\pw ]-]mXw Imm-\p-ap the-bm-Wv.
{InkvXy ssZhw Cs\bmhmt\ hbvq.
Iqp-Im-c F-Xn\v a\p-jy-sc-m-sa AY-
sa- S p- t - - s Xv Bsc- nepw hmZn- m
AXpw icn-bm-hn-. Fs-m GXp Zmk-
s\bpw Zmkn-sbbpw kv{Xotb-bp-amWv Iqp-Im-
c-t-X-m--Xmbn KWn-t-Xv? CsX-mw
kzmn-Ip tNcpw. ssZh-n\p tNcp-I-
bn-.
47. Hcp a\p-jys\ ASn-p-sIm-p-h
- ac-Wi
- n A\p-
`-hn--Ww. Ah Icp-Xn-q-msX As\ Ahs
Im kw`-hn-m ssZhw kwKXn hcp-n-b-Xm-bm
Ah HmSn-tm-tI-p ew Rm \nb-an-pw. (21.
12,13)
kao: ssZh-ns Cu \ymbw kXy-sa-
n tami Hcmsf Xp-sImv aW-en aqSn-
366
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
bnv HmSn-tm-b-Xn\v in \evIm--sXv?
tamibvv sImm ssZhw kwKXn
hcpnbXm-sW-n AXp ]-]m-X-am-bn-
tm-bn. Fs-m tami-bpsS cmPm-hns\
\oXn-\-S-m A\p-h-Zn-n-. AsX-mWv?
48. btlm-shp kam-[m-\-bm-K--fmbn Imf-I-sfbpw
Anp. tamsi c-n ]mXn FSpp ]m{X-n
Hgnp. c-n ]mXn bmK-]o-T-n-t Xfn-p......
tamsi c-sa-Spp P\-n-t Xfn-p. Cu kIe
hN-\-fpw B[m-c-amn btlmh \n-tfmSp NbvXn-
cn-p \nb-a-ns cw CXm Fp ]d-p.
]ns btlmh tami-tbmSp; \o Fs ASp-
]h-X - n Ib-dn-hp AhnsS Ccn;
Rm \n\p Iev]-e-I-Ifpw \o Ahsc D]-
tbm-Kn-t-X - np Rm Fgp-Xnb \ymb {]am-
W-fpw Iev]-\-Ifpw Xcpw Fp Acp-fn-s-
bvXp. (24-5, 6,8, 12)
kao: t\mp-I, CsXmw Imp-a\ - p-jyp
tNXp am{X-at? ssZhw Imf-_en kzoI-
cn-pXpw thZn-bn cw Xfn-p-Xpw
ImS-hpw ]cn-jvIm-c-an-m-bva-bp-at? ssZhw
Imf-_en kzoIcnpsa-n `-m ]ip-
hn-sbpw Imf-bp-sSbpw _en-{]-kmZwsImv
hb-dp-\n-d-bvp--Xn-sem sXv! temI-n\v
lm\n-bp-m-m-Xn-cn-psXn\v! ss_-_n-
fn \ndsb Ccw hrn- t I- S p- I - f m- W v .
Fm thZ--fn Cs\sbmpta C.
IrkvXy ssZhw ae-I-fn ]mn-cp Kncn-
hK-m-c-\m-bn-cp-spw sXfn-bp-p. B
ssZh-n\v ajnbpw t]\bpw IS-emkpw Dm-
m Adn-hn-m-bn-cp--Xn-\m-emWv Iev]-e-I-
I-fn Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp--Xv. ImS-m-cpsS CS-
bn ssZhw Nav Ccn-bpw sNbvXp.
49. \n\v Fs apJw Imm Ign-I-bn-m. Hcp a\p-
jy\pw Fs Ip Poh-t\msS Ccn--bn Fpw
Ah Iev]n-p. CXm Fs ASp- Hcp e-apv.
AhnsS B ]md-ta \o \nevt-Ww. Fs tXP-p-I-
S-p-t]m-Ip-tm Rm \ns ]md-bpsS Hcp ]nfn
Bn Rm IS-p-t]m-Ip-thmfw Fs ssIsImp
\ns ad-bvpw. ]ns Fs ssI \opw. \o Fs
]n`mKw ImWpw. Fs apJtam -ImWm-h-X- Fpw
btlmh Acp-fn-sN-bvXp.
kao: t\mq! {InkvXy ssZhw shdpw
a\p-jy-s\-tmse ico-c-[mcn! tamisb I_-
fn-nv ssZh-am-sWp \Sn-p-p, ]nhiw
Im cq]-ad - n-bn Fn ssIsImp adp
ImWp-Ib - p-an-. ssZhw ssIsImp ad-bvm
kXym-{]-Im-iw
h-tm IpsS cq]w tami Ip-Im-Wp-I-
bnt?
tehy-]p-kvX-Iw
50 btlmh k - a - m-Ka
- \ IqSmc-n shp tamisb hnfnp
Ah-t\m-Sc- p-fn-s-bvXXv: \o bn{k-tb a-tfmSp kwkm-
cnp Ah-tcmSp ]d-tb-Xp Fs-m \n-fn Bsc-
nepw btlm-shbvp hgn-]m-Sp-I-gn-pp Fn Ip-
Im-en-Itfm BSp-Itfm Bb arK-sf hgn-]mSp Ign-t-
Ww.
kao: {InkvXy ssZhw Ip-Im-en-Isf
hgn-]m-Smbn kzoI-cn-p-p, _en-bn-m
D]-tZ-in-p-p. Ip-Im-en-I-fpsS tNmcbpw
amwkhpw Inm AXymn-bt CXv? Cu
ssZh-ns\ lnwkn-m--h-cp-sSbpw Cuiz-
c-sbpw Iq-n s]Sp-tWm amwk-{]n-b-
\mb Iui-e-m-cs Iq-n s]Sp-tWm
Fv Btem-Nn-p-I.
51. Ah btlm-h-bpsS kn-[n-bn Imf-n-Sm-hns\
Adp-t-Ww. Al-tcms ]p{X-m-cmb ]ptcm-ln-X-m
AXns cw sImp-hp kam-K-a\ IqSm-c-ns
hmXn-ev D bmK-]o-T-n-t Nppw Xfn-t-Ww.
Ah tlma-bm-K-ar-Ks tXmev]np JWvUw JWvU-
ambn apdn-t-Ww. ]ptcm-ln-X\
- mb Atlm-cs ]p{X-m
bmK-]o-T-n-t Xo Cp. Xobp-sS-ta hndIp ASp-
t-Ww. ]ns Al-tcms ]p{X-m-cmb ]ptcm-ln-X - m
JWvU-fpw Xebpw taZpw bmK-]o-T-n Xobp-sS-
ta-ep hnd-In\p aosX ASp-n-h-t-Ww. AXns
IpSepw Imepw Ah sh-n Igp-tI-Ww. ]ptcm-
ln-X kI-ehpw bmK-]o-T - n-t tlma-bm-Ka
- mbn Zln-
n-t-Ww. AXp btlm-hp kuc-`y-hm-k\bmb Zl-
\-bmKw (1.5-9)
kao:- ssZh- ns kaw `- m
Imfsb Ad-p-I. Ad-n-p-I, tNmc \mep-
]mSpw Xfn-p-I, An-bn tlman-p-I. Cuiz-
c B aWw Bkz-Zn-pI CsXmw Iim-p-
im- e - b n- t e- X n Ipd- - s Xm- p- a - .
CXn\nv ss__n Cuiz-c-Ir-X-a-spw,
Cu ImS--fn Ifn-p--bm Cuiz-c-\-
spw sXfn-bp-p.
52. btlmh ]nsbpw tami-tbmSp Acp-fn-sN-bvXp. A`n-
jn--\mb ]ptcm-ln-X P\-n-t Ipw-h-c---
hw ]m]w sNbvXp. Fn Xm sNbvX ]m]w \nanw
Ah btlm-shp ]m]-bm-K-ambn Du\-an-m Hcp
Imf-n-Sm-hns\ An-t-Ww. Ah B Imfsb kam-
K-a\ IqSm-c-ns hmXn-ev btlm-h-bpsS kn-[n-
bn sImp-hp ImfbpsS Xe-bn -ssI-h-p btlm-
h-bpsS kn-[n-bn Imfsb Adpt-Ww. (4.1,3,4)
kao: ]m]-ns {]mb-nw -t\m-p-
I. kzbw ]m]w sNp-I, ]ip apX-emb D-
367
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
a- a r- sf sImp- I . ssZhw sImn- pI!
CsXms sNp- - X ns\ - s sZ- h - a m- s Wp
IcpXn -A-Xns Ir]-bm apn {]Xo-n-
p \n {InkvXym-\n-I [\yXs!!
53. Hcp {]amWn ]m]w sNvI-bpw....... Ah Du\-an-
m Hcp BtImem-ns\ hgn-]m-Smbn sImp-ht- cWw
btlm-h-k-n-[n-bn...... AXns\ Adp-tWw. AXpw
Hcp ]m]-bm-Kw.
kao:- _te-t `jv! A- s\bmsW- n
\ymbm-[n-]-mcpw tk\m-[n-]-mcpw apw ]m]w
sNm Fn\p t]Sn-Ww? Ahv CjvSw
t]mse ]m]w sNm-asm. {]mb-n-ambn
]ip-hn-s\tbm InSm-hn-s\tbm BSn-s\tbm
sImma-Xn. shdp-sX-b-. {InkvXym\n-I
]n- a r- K m- Z n- I sf sImm aSn- m- - X v .
{InkvXy ktlm-Z-cmsc! Cu ImS aXw-
sh-Snv k`yhpw [a-bp--hp-amb thZ-aXw
kzoI-cnv \-h-cp-p-I.
54. BnIp-np Ahp hI-bn-s-n XmsNbvX
]m]w- \n-anw Ah cp Ipdp{]mhn-s\tbm cp
{]mhn Ipn-t\tbm Hns\ ]m]-bm-Ka - mbpw at-Xns\
tlma- b m- K - a mbpw btlm- s hbv p sImp- h - t c- W w.
AXns Xe Igp-n \np ]ncnp ]dn-t-Ww.
Fm cmbn ]nf-cp-Xv.... Cs\ ]ptcm-ln-X
AhsNbvX ]m]w \nanw Ah-p-thn {]mb-
nw Ign-t-Ww. Fm BXp Ah-t\mSp an-
pw...... cpIpdp{]mhntm cp {]mhn Ipnt\m
Ahp hI-bn-s-n ]m]w sNbvI-bm ]m]-bm-K-
n\p HcnSgn t\cn-b-amhp hgn-]m-Smbn sImp-h-
tcWw. AXp ]m]-bmKw BI-sImp AXn-t F
Hgn-cp-Xp..... Fm AXp Ah-t\mSp an-pw8 .
(5-7, 8, 10, 11, 13)
8. InSm-, BnIp-n, {]mhv, [m\y-smSn XpS-n-b-
h-sbmw ImgvN hmm Gm-Sp-m-nb ssZhw
alm Xs! {]mhnIp-ns Igpv sRcnp
hmp--XmWv AZv`p-Xw. B ]cn-{iaw IqSn Hgn-hm-
n-bn-cn-p-p. CsXmw ImWp-tm GtXm Iui-
e-m-c-\mb Imm-f ]h-X-n Ib-dn-qSn Xm
ssZh-am-sWv ]c-ky-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-sW \nK-a-\-
n\p Icpp Iqp-p. A-cmb Imp a\p-jy
Abmsf ssZh-ambn Icp-Xn-mWpw. bpn-I {]tbm-
Knv Abm ]n arKm-Zn-I [m\y- apX-embh
sImp-h-cp-hnv kpJn-n-cn-mw. Abm-fpsS ZqX-m
amemJ Nav hnekn! InSm--sf-bpw, BSv, {]mhv,
[m\yw apX-em-bh - t- bbpw ImgvNh
- m-p ss__n-fnse
ssZhw Fhn-sS, k-hym-]nbpw kh-\pw A\m-
Znbpw \cm-Im-c\pw kh-i-\pw \ymb-Im-cn-bp-amb
thtZm ssZhw FhnsS Fp \-h-cmb Bfp-I
Nnn--Ww. (Z.-k.)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kao: t\mp-I. {InkvXym-\n-I-fn [\m-
Vypw Zcn-{Zpw ]m]w sNm `bta
th. Fs-m Ch-cpsS ssZhw ]m]-
n\p {]mb- nw Gs- S p- o- p- v .
{Inkv X ym- \ n- I - f psS ss__n- f nse Ghpw
AXv`pXw, {]bmkw IqSmsX ]m]w Xocp-sa-
-Xm-Wv. Hcp ]m]w sNbvXm, GsX-nepw
Pp- h ns\ sImv B\- - t msS amwkw
Xnm aXn. ]m]w Hgnbpw! IjvSw! {]mhns
Igp- p- sR- cn- m AXp InSp ]nS- b pw.
Fmepw {InkvXym-\n-p Zb-hn-. Fn\p
Zb? Ch-cpsS ssZh-ns D]-tZiw lnwk-
sN- m\m- W v . Fm ]m]- pw Ccw
{]mb-n--ap--tm {InkvXphns\ hniz-kn-
m ]m]w Hgn-bp-sap ]d-bp-Xv hot?
55. An ]ptcm-ln-X - p- tlm-ab
- m-KarK-ns tXm
Ccn- t - W w. ASp- - p- h p NpSp t`mP- \ - b mKw
Hsbpw Dcp-fn-bnepw Nn-bnepw Dm-pXp Hsbpw
An-p ]ptcm-ln-Xp Ccn-t-Ww. (7-8,9)
kao: Chn-Ss Im-fo-t-{X-f - nse ]qPm-
cn-I-fpsS t]mp-I-fn-bmWv Ghpw hnNn-{X-sa-
m-bn-cpp Fs Adn-hv. Fm {InkvXy
ssZh-nsbpw ]qPm-cn-If - p-sSbpw t]mp-eoe
AXns Bbncw aSpv. tXmep-hnp ]W-
ap-m-nbpw Cd-n-Xnpw kpJn-p-Im-Wpw.
Ctmgpw kpJn-p-p-m-hmw. cp-a--fn-
H-cp-hs\ sImv A]-cp Xnm GXp-]nXm-
hmWv sImSp-pI? Cuiz-c\v ap ]n-ar-
KmZnIfpw Hcp-t]mse ]p{X-k-am-\-am-Wv. Cuiz-
c As\ sNp-Itb C. Cu ]pkvXIw
Cuiz- c - I r- X tam CXn- s e- g p- X n- b n- c n- p- Xv
Cuiz- c - t \m, CXns A\p- b m- b n- I [a-
tcm A Xsv hyw. Fgp-Xn-bm-sem-
Sp-mhn[w A_--]-mw-K- \nd--
XmWv tehy- ] p- k vXIw Ds- s S- b p
ss__n apgp-h-\pw.
kwJym-]p-kvXIw
56. btlm-h-bpsS ZqX hm Ducn-]n-Sn-p-sImp hgn-
bn \nevp-Xp IgpXIp. IgpX hgn-bn\npamdn
hb-en-tep t]mbn. Igp-Xsb hgn-bn-tep Xncn-t-
- X np _ntebmw AXns\ ASn- p...... Atm
btlmh Igp-X-bpsS hmbv Xpd-p. AXp _nse-bm-an-
t\mSp \o Fs Cu aqp-{]m-hiyw ASn-m Rm
\ns Fp sNbvXp-shp tNmZnp. (22-23,28)
kao: Am-ev Igp-Xb - vp-t]mepw ssZh-
Zq-X-msc ImWm-am-bn-cp-p. Cm-Is, \-
368
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
h-cm-bmepw ZpjvS-cm-bmepw _nj--mpw
I-\m-c - mpw t]mepw ssZh-stbm ZqX-
t\tbm ImWm-\m-hn-. Ah-cn-tmgpw Dtm?
Ds- n ZoL- \ n- { Z- b n- e m- h ptam? AtXm
tcmKw ]nSnp InStm? ap-h temI-n-
tepw t]mb-Xm-hptam? C\n tPmen-n-c-n-
em-bn-cn-ptam? AtXm {InkvXym-\n-ItfmSp
]nW--am-bn-cn-ptam? AtXm Ntm? Fp-
]-n-sb--dn-hn-. CtmgnmXpw ImWm-\m-
hm-Xpw Ap-an-m-bn-cp-spw In-n-
spw A\p-am-\n--Ww. CsXmw shdpw
sIp-I-Y-I am{X-am-Wv.
57. BI-bm Ctm Ipp--fn-ep BWn-s\-sbm-
sbpw ]pcp-j-t\m-Sp-IqsS ibn-n-p kv{XoI-sf-sbm-
sbpw sImp-I-f-hn ]pcp-j-t\m-Sp-IqsS ibn-m
s]Ip-p-sf shp-sImhn. (31-17,18)
kao: _te! tamim-{]-hm-NI - \pw \n-fpsS
ssZhhpw sImmw. kv { XoI, Ipn- I ,
hr, arK- Fp th Hn-s\bpw
sIme-bn \nsm-gn-hm-n-bn-n-t. tami hnj-
bm-k-IvX\m-bn-cp-sv CXp shfn-hm-p-p.
Am-bn-cp-s-n ]pcp-j-kv]i-ta-evm
I\y-I-Isf X\n-p-th-W-sav Fn\p ]d-
b-Ww? Ccw \n-bhpw sshj-bn-I-hp-amb
Bsbn\p \evI-Ww.
iaq-th 2
58 Fs-m Ap-cm{Xn btlm-h-bpsS Acp-f-mSv
\mYmp Dm-bXp Fs-m Fs Zmk-\mb Zmho-
Zn-t\mSp \o sNp ]d-I. btlmh C{]-Imcw Acp-fn-s-
pp Rm A[n-h-kn-t--Xnp \o F\nv Hcp
Bebw ]Wn-bptam? Rm bn{km-tb asf an{k-
bo-an\np ]pd-s-Sp-hn \mapX Cp-h-scbpw
Rm Hcp Be-b-n A[n-h-kn-msX IqSm-c-nepw
\nhm-k-n-ep-a-tm k-cn-p-h-cp--Xp. (7-4,5,6)
kao: {InkvXy ssZh-n\v a\p-jy-sc-
tmse ico-c-ap-s-Xn kwibw th,
hfsc _pn- a pn Anv Ae- b p- -
XmWtl-ns ]cm-Xn. ZmhoZv hoSp ]Wn-
Xp-sIm-Sp-m ]mp-at{X! C-c-samcp
]pkv X - I - t bpw ssZh- s bpw hniz- k n-
pXn {InkvXym-\n-Ip e-bn-m--
Xn \ap--h-tcmSv A\p-I--th-Ww. Fp
sNmw! ]mh-s]-p-t]m-bn. c-s-Sm H-
[nIw {]bXv\w thWw.
cmPm--m 2
59 Amw-amkw Ggmw XobXn s\_q-J-Zvt\-k cmPm-
sh _mt_ cmPm-hns ]sm-Xmw Bn
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Xt _mt_ cmPm-hns `rXy-\mbn AI-Sn \mb-I-
\mb s\_q-k-c-Z bcq-i-te-an hp. Ah btlm-h-
bpsS Be-bhpw cmPm-[m-\nbpw Npp-I-f-p. AI-Sn
\mb-I-t\mSp IqSn-bp-m-bn-cp ImtZ-b-ssk-\y-sam-
sbpw bcq-it- e-ans Npp-ap aXn-ep-Isf CSnp If-
p. (25 8, 9, 10)
kao:- Fp sNmw! {InkvXy ssZhw
hn{i-a-sa-Sp-m Zmho-Zn-s\-smv hoSp-]-Wn-
bn--Xm-Wv. AXn hn{i-a-sa-Sp-p-I-bm-bn-cp--
Xm-hmw. ]t, \_q-kc - Z- m B hoSv XIp-
s]m- S n- p- I - f - p. ssZh- nt\m ssk\y-
nt\m Hpw sNm-\n! ]sms Cu -
ssZhw hbp-- Pbn-n-p-v. Ctm
Xs Bebw Npp XInpw anm-Xn-cn-
p--sX-m-Wmthm! kzw ZqX-m-scmw
Fp t]mtbm? Ftm! Cu Ah-k-c-n
Bcpw D]-Imcw sNbvXn. Cuizcs ]cm-
{Iahpw FhnsS ]d-p-t]m-sb--dn-hn-. CXp
hXpw t\cm-sW-n ]s IY-I shdp-
sX- b mWv . CuPn- ] v X nse Ipp- I p- n- I sf
sImmt\ iucyw Dm- b n- c p- p- pthm?
Ctm iqc-ho-c-m-cpsS apn \n-_vZ!
kzw ssZhs CI- g vp- I bmWh
sNbvXXv. Cs\ IY-bnm IY-I-fm Cu
]p-kvXIw \nd-n-cn-p-p.
Zn\-hr-mw 1
60 As\ btlmh bn{km-tb-en alm-amcn Abp
bn{km-tb-en Fgp-]X
- n-\m-bncw t] hoWp-t]m-bn. (21,14)
kao: t\mq. C{km-tb-ense {InkvXym-\n-
I-fpsS ssZh-ns Ifn! At\Iw XhW
A\p- { K- l n- p- I bpw cm]- I _pn- a pn
hfn-bXpamb C{km-tbIpe-n-t
n{]-tIm]w hv alm-amcn Abp. Fgp-]-
Xn-\m-bncwt]sc sImp. GtXm Ihn Fgp-Xn-
bXv kXy-amWv:
tW-cpjvSx tW XpjvtSm cpjvS-
kv X pjv S x tW tW Ahy- h - nX
Nnky {]kmtZm f ]n `b-cx9
W-n ktm-jhpw tZjyhpw Dm-
hp--bmsf ktm-j-nepw t]Sn--Ww. CXv
Cu ssZh-ns Imcy-n hfsc tN-
bp--Xm-Wv.
9. kp`m-jnX cXv\ `WvUm-Km-c-n 3mw {]I-cWw
174-mw tmIw IznNnXv XpjvS IzNn-XvcpjvSx Fv
AhnsS ]mT-t`-Zw.
369
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Ctm_v
61 ]nsbpw HcpZnhkw ssZh-]p-{X-m btlm-h-bpsS
kn-[n-bn \nev]m sNp. kmm\pw Ah-cpsS Iq-
n btlm-h-bpsS kn-[n-bn \nev]m sNp.
btlmh kmm-t\mSpx \o F-hnsS \np hcp-p. Fp
tNmZn--Xnp kmm btlm-h-tbmSp Rm `qan-
bn DuSmSn k-cn-np hcpp Fp-cw ]d-p.
btlmh km-m-t\mSp Fs Zmk-\mb Ctm-_ns
ta \o ZrjvSn hpthm? Ah-s\-tmse \njvI-f-\pw
t\cp-h - \pw ssZh-`
- \pw tZmjw hn-Ie
- p-h
- \pw `qan-
bn Bcpw Ctm; Ah Xs `n apdp-n-n-Sn-p-
sIm-n-cp-p; shdpsX Ahs\ \in-n-t--Xnp \o
Fs k-Xn-np Fv Acp-fn-s-bvXp. kmm
btlm-h-tbmSp: Xzn\p ]Icw Xzv; a\p-jy X\n-
p-s - Xm-sbpw Xs Poh-p-]I- cw sImSp-p-If- bpw.
\ns ssI\on Ahs Anbpw amwkhpw Hp
sXmSp-I. Ah \ns ap-J-pt\mn XyPnp ]d-bpw.
Fp-cw ]d-p. btlmh kmm-t\mSp: CXm Ah
\ns ssIn Ccn-p-p. Ahs {]mW-s\-am{Xw -
sXmScpXv Fv Iev]n-p. As\ kmm btlm-h-
bpsS kn-[n-hnp ]pd-sp. Ctm-_n-s\ D-m
apX s\dp-I-hsc hm-- ]-cp-p-I-fm _m[n-p. (2.1-
7)
kao: Cu ssZh-ns in t\mp-I.
sNIp- m ssZh- ` - - msc ssZh- n\p
apnhv t{Zmln-p-p. ssZh-n\v sN-Ip--
ms\ inn- mt\m `- msc cn-
mt\m Bhp-n-. ZqX-m-cn-empwXs
Ahs\ t\cn-Sm Ign-bp-n-. sNIp-m
Fm- h - s cbpw t]Sn- n- p. hn- c n- p- p.
{InkvXy ssZhw kh--\p-a-. BsW-
n Ctm-_ns\ sNIp-m-s\-smv ]co-
n-n-p--sX-n\v?
k`m-{]-kwKn
62. Fs lrZbw m\hpw Adnhpw [mcmfw {]m]n-
n-cn-p-p. m\w {Kln-m\pw {`mpw t`mj-Xzhpw
Adn-hm\pw Rm a\-p-h-p. CXpw hrYm {]b-Xv\-
sap Ip. m\-_m-lp-eyn hyk-\-_m-lpeyw
Dp; Adnhp hnn-p--h ZpxJhpw hn-n-p- p. Atm ]co--I ASp-p-h-p. \o ssZh-]p-{X-
p. (1-16-18)
kao: m\hpw A-dnhpw ]-cymb hmNn-I-
fmWv. Ah cm-sWv Ch Icp-Xp-p.
m\-h-\h - n ZpxJ-ap-sv hnZzm-m-c
- m-
- h t F- g p- X n- h - b vm- \ mhq? Cu
ss__n Cuiz-cc-Nn-X-a-s-tXm t]mIs
hnZzms cN-\-t]mepan-Xv.
]g-b-\n-b-a-s-n Npcpn Fgp-Xn. C\n
ambn apX-em-bh - Fgp-Xnb kphn-ti-js - -
n FgpXmw CXv {InkvXym\n-I henb {]am-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
W-ambn kzoI-cn-n-pv. CsX-m-sWv Aev]-
samp ]co-n-mw.
am-bn-bpsS kphn-tijw
63. Fm tbip-{In-kvXp-hns P\\w Cu-hw Bbn-
cp-p. Ahs A-bmb adnb tbmtk-^np hnhmlw
\n-bn--s tijw Ah IqSn-h-cp-pt ] -- -cnipm-
flm-hn-\m K`n-Wn-bmbn Fp Ip..... Im-hns
Zp-X Ahp kz]v\-n {]Xy--\m-bn. Zmho-Xns
aI-\mb tbmtkt^ \ns `mcy-bmb -a-dn-bsb tNp-
sImhm in-t. Ah-fn Dev]m-Zn-X-am-b-Xp ]cn-
ip-m-flm-hn-\m BIp-p. (1-18,20)
kao:- {]Xy- - m Zn {]am- W - pw
krjvSn-{I-a-n\pw hncp--am-b-sXmpw Adn-
hp--hp kzoIm-cy-a-. A-mcyw aqVcpw
A]cn-jvIr-X-cp-am-b-ht hniz-kn-m-\m-hq.
Adn-hp ]cn-jvIr-Xm-hn-. Cuiz-cob
\nb-a-sf Bm\pw ewLn-m-\m-hptam?
kz\n-b-a- X-InSw adn-p Cuiz-cs
B Bcpw hI-sh-bvp-I-bn-. Cuiz-c
kh- \pw Ip- a - - h - \ p- a m- W tm. GsX-
nepw I\yI K`w [cn-m, ssZh-n\n-
m-W-sXv Bpw ]d-bmw. ssZh-Zq-X
kz]v\-nhv Cs\ ]dsv Iw-
]-dv ]c-p-Ibpw sNmw. Ipn kqcy-
\n\nv K`w [cn-sp ]pcm-W--fn
Fgp- X n- b n- c n- p- Xpw CXp- t ]m- s e- b m- W v .
_pnv Zmcn-{Zy-ap `mh\m k--mv
am{Xta CsXmw hniz-kn-m Ign-bq. adnb
GtXm ]pcp-j-\n\np K`-h-Xn-bmbncn-
Ww. ]cn-ip-m-flm-hn\nv kw`-hn--Xm-Wn-
sXv Ahtfm am-sc-n-eptam ]dp ]c-
n-b-Xm-hmw.
64. A\-cw ]nim-Nn-\m ]co-n--s-Sp-hm tbip-
hns\ Bflmhv acp-`q-an-bn-tep \S-n. Ah \mev]Xp
]Iepw \mev]-Xp-cmhpw D]-h-kn--tijw Ahp hni-
\m-sW-n Cu Ip A-am-bn-Xo-cp-hm Iev]n Fp
]d-p. (4-1,3)
kao:- {InkvXym-\n-If
- psS ssZhw kh--
\-sv CXn\np sXfn-bp-p. Bbn-cp-s-
n sNIp-m-s\-smv ]co-n-n--sX-
n\v? kzbw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp--sm. GsX-
nepw {InkvXym-\nv \mev]Xp cmhpw ]Iepw
D]-h-kn-m-\m-Iptam? tbip ssZh-]p-{X-\-m-
bn-cp-s-pw knn-I-sfmpw Cm--bm-fm-
bn-cp-spw sXfn-bp-p. As-n sNIp-
370
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
ms apnhv Ins\ A-am-m--sX- \p the- - c - - f m- W n- s Xmw. tbip
m-Wv? kzbw hni--sX-s\? ssZh-ap-m-
nb Ins\ Bpw A-am-m Ign-bn-
s--XmWv knmw. AXp-t]mse \nb-a-
amn-a-dn-m ssZh-n\pw Ign-bn.
Fs- m kh- - \ mb ssZh- ns
Fm IrXy-fpw Ip-a--Xm-Wv.
65. Fs ]nmse hcp-hn; Rm \nsf a\p-jysc
]nSn-p--h-cmpw Fp Ah-tcmSp ]dp. DSs\
Ah he-hn-tp Ahs\ A\p-K-an-p. (4-19,20)
kao:- ]g-b\
- n-ba
-
- nse ]pIev]\ - I
- f
- n
Am- a - t Xv "\n\p ZoLm- b p- p- m-
Iphm \ns A-s\bpw A-sbbpw _lp-
am-\n" FXv10. tbip kzw amXm-]n-Xm-
sf ip{iq-jn-n-. ap--hsc B ip{iq-j-
bn\nIn. Cu A]-cm-[ - m-emhmw ZoLm-
bpv Inm--Xv. ays he-bns-Spn
XImcyw ImWp--Xp-t]mse a\p-jysc AI-
s-Sp-m tbip Hcp-aXw \S-mn Fv
CXn\nv sXfn-bp-p. tbip Cs\ Bbn-
cp-s-n Cm-es ]mXn-cn-am a\p-
jysc he-bn IpSp-p--Xn Fm-Wm-
cyw? henb ay-sf [mcmfw he-bn-em-
p--h\v Gsd s]cp-abpw ]Whpw Inp--Xp-
t]mse hf-sc-tsc aX-n]n-Snp tNp-
h\v IqSp-X t]cpw ]Whpw Inpw. thZ-
im-kv{X- ]Tn-p-Itbm tIp-Itbm
sNm ]mh-sf he-bn IpSpn Ahsc
amXm-]n-Xm--fn\npw IpSpw-_-n\npw
AI-pXv CXp-sIm-m-Wv. Fm t{ijvT-hn-
Zzmampw DNnXw, ChcpsS he-bn s]Sm-
Xn-cn-bpw A-\y s]Sp-Xv X-Sbp-IbpamWv.
66. ]ns tbip Keo-e-bn Hsbpw Npn k-cn-p-
sImp Ah-cpsS ]n-If - n D]-tZ-inbpw cmPy-ns
kphn-ti-jw {]kw-Kn-bpw P\-n-ep kIe Zo\-
sbpw hym[n-sbbpw kuJy-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \m\m-
hym-[n-I-fmepw _m[-I-fmepw he--h, `qX-{K-kvX,
N{-tcmKn-I, ]-hm-X-m Cs\ kI-e-hn[ Zo\-
m-scbpw Ahs ASp- sImp-hp. Ah
Ahsc kuJyamn. 94-23,24)
kao:-- Cm-ev t]m-m `kva-anpw
a{w P]npw `qXs Hgn-p-Xv t\cm-sW-
n ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-n ]d-bp Cmcyhpw
t\cm-Wv. Adn-hn-m ]mh-sf IpSpm-
10. ]pd-mSv. 20.12
kXym-{]-Im-iw
CsXms sNbvsXv {In-kvXym\n-I hniz-
kn-p-s-n Chn-Ss tZhn-Ifpw ss`c-hn-
Ifpw sNp-Xpw hniz-kn--Ww. cpw kam-
\-am-W-tm.
67. Bflm-hn Zcn-{Z-cm-b-h `mKy-hmam, kz-cm-Pyw
Ahp-Xp...... kXy-am-bnp Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-
bpp: BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Hgnpt]mIpw hsc kI-
ehpw \nhr-n-bm-Ip-thmfw \ymb-{]-amW-n \nv Hcp
hn-sb-nepw ]pn-sb-nepw Hcp \mfpw Hgn-p-
t]mIbn. BI-bm Cu Ghpw sNdnb Iev]-\-I-
fn Hv Agn-bpw a\p-jysc As\ ]Tn-n-bpw
sNp--h kz-cm-Py-n Ghpw sNdn-b-h Fp
hnfn--s-Spw. (5. 3,18,19)
kao: kzKw Hs- b p- s - n Hcp
cmPmth AXn-\p-m-hq. Bflm-hn Zcn-{Z-cm-
b-h-scmw kzKp sNm Ahn-Ss
cmPym-[n-Imcw Bm-bn-cnpw? ]c-kv]cw
ISn-]n-Sn-Iqn cmPy-hy-h Xmdp-am-dm-pw.
Bflm-hn Zcn-{Z F-Xn\v ]W-an-m--h
F Aw icn-b-. Albnm--h
FXpw icn-b-. cn\pw Aw sht-
sd- b m- W v . Bflm- h n Zcn- { Z\v Hcn- epw
ktmjw -Dmhn-. AXn-\m CXpw icn-
b `qanbpw kzKhpw \ne-\n-evp Ime-
tmfw Cu \nbaw \ne-\n-evp-sap ]d-bp-
Xv a\p-jy Dm-n-b-\n-b-a-t tNcq.
kh--\mb Cuiz-c-t-Xn\p tNcp-I-bn-.
Cu B- I ]men- m- - h kzK-
cmPyn Ghpw sNdn-b-h Fp ]d--
Xv {]tem-`-\hpw `o-Wn-bp-am-Wv.
68. Rv Bh-iy-ap Blmcw CpXtc-W-ta.....
Cu `qan-bn \n \nt]w kzcq-]n--cp-Xv. (6-11,19)
kao:- tbip P\n Imev Ahn-Sps
P\- A]-cn-jvIr-Xcpw Zcn-{Z-cp-am-bn-cp-sv
CXn \np sXfn-bp-p. {InkvXphpw ]mh-
s--h-\m-bn-cp-p. AXmWv A-t-p
Blmcw C-cpXpw Cc-m ]Tn-n-p--
Xpw. A-s\-bm-sW-n {InkvXym\n-I [\-
k-bw sNp--sX-n\v? {InkvXp-hns hN-
\-n\p hncp--ambn \S-msX, Fmw Zm\-
]p- W y- sNbv X v ]mcm- I - b mWv Ah
sNt--Xv.
69. FtmSp Im-th, Imth Fp ]d-bp--h
Gh-\p-a kzK-cm-Py-n IS-p--Xv. (7.21)
kao:- henb ]mXn-cn-amcpw _nj-p-amcpw
{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw {InkvXp-hns Cu hN\w
371
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
kXy-am-sWp [cnv {InkvXp-hns\ Im-
shtm ssZh-satm hnfn--cp-Xv. hnfn-m
Hcn-epw ]m]-ap-n-bp-m-hp-I-bn-.
70......-]-ecpw B \mfn FtmSp ]d-bpw. Ap Rm
Ah-tcmSp; Rm Hcp-\mfpw \nsf Adn-n-n-.
A[w {]hn-p--htcm, Fshnp t]mIp-hn
Fp Xop ]d-bpw. (7-22,23)
kao: t\mq-I. Imp-a-\p-jysc hniz-kn-
n-m {InkvXp kzbw kzK-nse \ymbm-
[n] Na-bp-I-bm-Wv. CsXmw Adn-hn-m--
hsc {]tem-`n-n-m sImmw.
71. Atm Hcp IpjvT-tcmKn hp Ahs\ \a-kvI-
cnp. Imth \n\p a\-p-s-n Fs ip- sbpw Ah-bpsS DS-abvp hcp-nb \jvS-
am-p-hm Ignbpw Fp ]d-p. Ah ssI\on
Ahs\ sXmp F\n-p-a-\-pp, \o ipamI Fp
]d-p. DSs\ IpjvTw amdn Ah ip-am-bn. (8,2-3)
kao: CsXmw Adn-hn-m--hsc AI-s-
Sp-m-\p Imcy--fm-Wv. {InkvXym-\n-I
hnZybvpw krjvSn-{Ia-n\pw hncp--amb
Ccw Imcy- hniz- k n- p- p- s h- n
]pcm-W-nepw alm-`m-cX-nepw ip{Im-Nm-
cy [\z--cn, Iiy-] apX-em-b-h-sc-n Fgp-
Xn-h-n-p ""acn At\Iw ssZXy-ssk-\n-
Isc Pohn-np.'' _rl-kv]-Xn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb
INs\ Xpw Xp- a mn arK- pw
aypw Xnm sImSp-p. Fnpw
ip{Im-Nm-cy INs\ Pohn-n-p. ]ns IN-
s\-sImv ip{Im-Nm-cyp Xnm sImSpp.
Fnpw IN ip{Im-Nm-cy-cpsS hb-n\np
Poh-t\msS ]pd-p-h-p. ip{Im-Nm-cy acn-p,
IN ip{Is\ Pohn-n-p. Iiy-]-Ejn X-
I-s\-smv `kva-am-n ac-sbpw a\p-jy-
s\bpw ]p\Po-hn-n-p. [\z-cn e--W-
n\v arXsc Pohn-n-p. e-W - - n\v IpjvS-
tcm-Kn-Is
- fbpw A-scbpw _[n-cs - cbpw kpJ-
s-Spn XpSnb IY-I Fp-sImv hniz-
kn-p-n? Ch anYy-bm-sW-n {InkvXp-
hns IY-I Fp-sImv anYy-b? ap--
h-cpsS IY-I Iw, X-fpsS I-
kXyw Fp ]d-bp-Xv a-S-ap-jvSn-b-m-sX-
mWv? CsXmw XnIpw _men-i-am-Wv.
72. cp `qX-{K-kvX ih---d-I-fn \np ]pd-sp
Ahp FXnsc hp Ah AXyp-{K-m Bbn-cp--
Xp-sImv Bpw B hgn \Sp IqSm-p. Ah
\ne-hn-fn-p. ssZh-]p{X! Rpw \n\-pw-X-n
Fp? ka-b - n-\p-app Rsf ZWvUn-n-m ChnsS
hpthm Fp ]d-p.... `qX- Ah-t\mSp Rsf
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]pd- m- pp Fn ]n- q- - n- t ep Ab-
bvtWw Fp At]-n-p. s]mbvsmhn Fp
Ah Ah-tcmSp ]d-p. Ah ]pd-sp ]n-I-fn-
tep sNp. B Iq- Fmw ISp-p--qsS IS-
en-tep ]mp sh-n apn--p. (8-28,29,31,32)
kao:- CsXmw ]---am-sWv Aev]-
am-tem-Nn-m a\-n-emIpw. acn-h
- Hcn-epw
I-d-bn \np ]pd-p-h-cn-. Ah Bcp-
sS-b-Sppw sNp-Itbm kwkm-cn-p-Itbm
C. CsXmw Am-\n-I-fpsS IY-bm-Wv.
ip-Im-S-mt CsXmw hniz-kn-m Ign-
bq. ]ns B ]n- q- s \in- n- - X n-
n-sbpw ]m]w {InkvXp-hn-\mWv Gn-cn-pI!
]m]w an-bpw ]cn-ip--am-p-Ibpw sNp-
-bm-fmWv {InkvXp-shn Fp-sImv B
`qX-sf ]cn-ip-o-I-cn-n-? ]n-q--ns
DS-a-bpsS \jvSw \nI-m--sXv? C-m-
es kpin-n-X-cmb Cwo-jp-{In-kvXym-\n-
I CsXms hniz-kn-ptm? Fn Ah
A-X-bpsS he-bn s]n-cn-p-p.
73. AhnsS Nne InS--ta InS-p Hcp ]-hm-X-
m-cs\ Ahs ASp- sImp-h-p. tbip Ah-
cpsS hnizmkw Ip ]-hm-X-m-c-t\mSp: aIt\
ss[cy-am-bn-cn; \ns ]m]- tamNn-p-X
- n-cn-pp
Fp ]dp.... Rm \oXn-am-msc A ]m]n-Isf
At{X hnfn-m hXp Fp ]d-p. (9, 213)
kao: apI- f n- se- g p- Xn- b- Xp- t ]mse CXpw
Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. ]m]w an-p-sap ]d-bp-
Xv Adn-hn-m--hsc hi-s-Sp-m-\p
{]tem-`-\-am-Wv. Hcp-h Ign aZy-n-sbpw
Im-hn-sbpw Idp-n-sbpw elcn asm-cp-
h\v Inn-. AXp-t]mse Hcm sNbvX ]m]-
^ew A]-cs ] sNp-I-bn-. sNp--
h- Xs A\p-`-hn--Ww. CXmWv Cuiz-c-
\vn-baw. Hcp-h sNbvX ]m]-]p-Wy--fpsS
^ew asm-cp-h\p e`n-p-Itbm, \ymbm-[n-]
kzbw Gs- S p- p- I tbm, sNbv X - h \v bYm-
tbmKyw ^ew e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-Itbm BsW-
n Cuiz-c A\ym-b-m-c-\m-bn-tm-Ipw.
t\mq!- [a-amWv awK-f-{]Zw. tbipthm atm
A. [am-flm-v tbip-hn-s\tbm atm
th. AXpt]mse ]m]n-Ipw. Fs-
m Bcp-sSbpw ]m]w hnsm-gn-bp-I-bn-.
74. A\cw Ah Xs ]{-p-in-jy-m-tcbpw ASp-
hnfnp Aip-m-flm-sf ]pd-m-p-hm\pw kI-
e-hn[ Zo\hpw hym[nbpw s]mdn-n-m\pw Ahp A[n-
Imcw sImSp-p..... ]d-bp-Xp \n A \n-fn
372
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
]d-bp \n-fpsS ]nXm-hns Bflm-h-t{X...... Rm
`qan-bn kam-[m\w hcp-p-hm hp Fp \ncq-]n-
-cp-Xp. kam-[m\w A. hm At{X hcp-p-hm
Rm h-Xp. a\p-jys\ Xs A-t\mSpw aIsf A-
tbmSpw acp-aI
- sf Am-hn-b
- t- bmSpw t`Zn-m-\t{X Rm
h-Xp. a\p-jys hop-Im Xt Ahs i{Xp-
BIpw. (10-1,20,34-36)
kao:- Ch B injy-mXs. apXp
shn-m-in\v tbip-hns\ Hn-b-h-sbpw
th]n-cn-p- a-n-fh-cp-tSbpw kwLw.
`qXw _m[n-p-I, AsXm-gn-n-p-I, acppw
]Yyhpw IqSmsX tcmKw amdp-I, -C-sXmw
hnZybvpw krjvSn-I-n\pw hncp-am-Wv.
AXn-\m ARvPm\n-It CsXms hniz-
kn-m Ign-bq. a\p-jy-cn kwkm-cn-p-Xv
ssZh-am-sW-n, Pohm-flmhv Fp sNpp?
kXytam Itam ]d-bp--Xns kpJ-Zp-J-
Cuiz-c\v A\p-`hn-tn hcn-? CXp
Hcp anYy-bt? tbip Ie-ln-n-m\pw `nn-
n-m-\p-amWv h-sX-n AXp \nan--
amhmw Cp a\p-jy-n-S-bn Ielw hn-
n-cn-p--Xv. `nn-n-Xv a\p-jypw ZpxJw
Dm-Ip-Xv F{Xtbm No-bmWv. {InkvXym-
\n-I CXv Kpcp-a{- -ambn kzoI-cn-n-p-m-hmw.
`nnv tbip- h n\v CjvS- a m- s W- n
Chsp-sImv Bbn-qSm? CXv then
hnfhp Xnp-X - p-t]m-se-bmbn. t{ijvT- mv
tN-X-n-Xv.
75. \n-fpsS ] F{X Aw Dp Fp tbip
tNmZnp: Ggp. Ipsd sNdp-ao\pw Dp Fp ]d-p.
Ah ]pcp-jm-c-tmSp \ne-n-cn-m Iev]n-p. B
Fgp Ahpw ao\pw FSpp hmgvn \pdpn injy-
m-cpsS ]epw injy-m ]pcp-jm-c-npw sImSp-
p. Fm-hcpw Xnp Xr]vX-cmbn. tijn IjWw
Ah Ggp-hn \nd-s-Sp-p. Xn-htcm kv{XoI-sfbpw
ss]X--tfbpw IqSmsX \mem-bncw ]pcp-j-m- B-bn-
cpp. (15,34-38)
kao:- CXv Cs kn-mcpw C{-Pm-e-
mcpw sNp--Xp-t]m-ep IsI-t? B
A--fpsS IqsS thsd thsd Aw Fhn-Sp-
p-h-p. tbip-hn Ccw knn-I-fp-m-bn-
cp-s-n kzbw hniv An--g-n-\p-
thn sImXn--sX-n\v? ^e-fpw Dm-
msXv ? CsXmw _meniw Xs.
F{Xtbm sshcm-Kn-Ifpw kn-mcpw Ccw
I--c- Imn km[p-sf IpSp-pp!
AXn-ep-]-cn-b-n-Xv.
76. Atm Ah Htcm-cp-pw Ahs {]hr-np
kXym-{]-Im-iw
X-hw ]Icw \evIpw. (16,27)
kao:- I-n-\-\p-k-cnv ^ew e`n-p-
sa-n ]m]w an--s-Sp-sav {InkvXym-\n-
I D]-tZ-in-p-Xp shdpsXbmWv. AXv icn-
sb-n CXv sXv. an-m-Xv an-bpw
]mSnmXv anmXncn- bpw
sNpsap]d-bp ]w AXpw icn-b-.
Fs-m I-^ew ]qW-ambpw \evIm-
Xn-cp-m \ymbhpw Zbbpw ]qW-am-hp-I-bn-
.
77. Ahn-izm-khpw tIm-hp-ap Xe-ap-dtb, F{X-tmfw
Rm \n-tfm-Sp-IqsS Ccnpw? F{X-tmfw \nsf
klnpw? Ahs\ Fs ASp- sImp-hc - p-hn.......
\np ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmfw hnizmkw Ds-n Cu
ae-tbmSp: Atmp \op-I Fp]dm AXp
\opw. \nv Hpw Akm-y-am-Ib - p-an-. (17-17.20)
kao: "hcp-hn R-fpsS aX-n, ]m]w
s]mdp--sSpw. kzK-cmPyw \np-Xv'
Fp {]kw-Knp \S-p {InkvXym\n-I
]d-bp--sXmw shdp-sX-bm-Wv. {InkvXp-hn
]m]w CmXmp-Xn\pw hnizmkw P\n-n-
p--Xn\pw ipo-I-cn-p--Xn-\p-ap Ign-hp-
m-bn-cp-s-n Xs injy-m-cpsS Bflm-
sf ]m]-c-ln-Xhpw hnizm-k-ap-Xpw ]hn-
{Xhpw Bm-Xn-cp--sX-mWv? tbip-hns
IqsS \S--hsc hnizm-kn-Ifpw \-sN-p-
h-cp-am-m Ign-bm--bm acn-p-I-gn-v
Fhn-sS-bm-sWv B-dn-bmw. Cu kabw
Bscbpw GXm-bmepw ]hn-{X-am-p-I-bn-.
{InkvXp injy-m ISp-InS hnizm-k-an-m--
h-cm-bn-cp-p. Ah-cmWo ]pXnb \nbaw Dm-
n-bXv AXn-\m CXp {]am-W-am-hp-I-bn-.
Fs-m Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw, Aip-m-flm-
fpw, A[an-I-fp-amb a\p-jy Fgp-Xn-bh
hniz- k n- p- Xv \- b m- { K- l n- p a\p-
jyp tN-X-. {InkvXp-hns hN\w
kXy-am-sW-n Hcp {InkvXym-\npw ISp-
Ina-Wn-tbmfw hnizmktam \tbm Csv
CXn\nv sXfn-bp-p. C\n Bm\pw apgp-
ht\m Aev]tam hnizm-k-ap-sp ]d-bp-s-
n B ]-Xs hgn-bn\np amn-m-
p-hm ]d-b-Ww. amn-bm, apgp-h-\p-an-. ISp-
Ina-Wn-tbmfw hnizm-kta Dsp hcp-p.
amn-bn-s-ntem, hnizm-k-n-stbm \--bp-
tStbm IWn-It- ]m-ep-an Zpc-`n-am\hpw ap-amWv
ChnsS ]hXsap ]dn-cn-pXv Bsc-
373
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
nepw ]d-bp ]w AXpw icn-b Fs-
m acn--h A, IpjvS-tcm-Kn-I apX-
em-bh- s
- cmw t\sc-bm-n-sbp ]d-bp-X - n\v
thsd A-sam-p-antm. Ds-n, aSn-
b-mscbpw Am-\n-I-sfbpw hnj-bm-k--
scbpw {`m-m-scbpw t_m[-ap--h-cm-n-sb-
m-hmw. Cs\ hniz-kn-p-Xpw icn-b-.
kzin-jy-msc Cs\ t\sc-bm-m--sX-
mWv? kw`-hn-m-Xv ]d-bp-Xv {InkvXp-
hns A-Xsb shfn-hm-pp {InkvXp-
hn\v Aev]s - a-nepw hnZym-`ym-ka
- p-m-bn-cp-s-
n Cs\ A]-cn-jvIr-Xa - mb Imcy- ]d-
bp-am-bn-cp-n-. Fnepw "b{-tZ-ti-{Zptam
\mkvXn Xss{X-cWvtU f ]n{ZpambtX' aqn-
m-cm-Pyp apdn-aq- cmPmhv F-hw
XnI Ahn-Zzm-m-cpsS \mn tbip KW-
\o-b-\m-bn-cp-p. ]t CXv \S-p-I-bn--
tm.
78. \n Xncnp inip--sf-tmse Bbvh-cp-n
Fn kz-cm-Py-n IS--bn Fp Rm kXy- Sm-Xn-cn-bpw ]pWyw t\Sp [\-hm-mv
am-bnp \n-tfmSp ]dbpp. (18-3)
kao:- kzw C-bm a\-kp-am-p-Xv
kzK-{]m-]vXnpw amm-Xv \c-I - n\pw Imc-
W- a m- I p- s a- n, Bpw asm- c m- f ns
]m]tam ]pWytam GsSpm km[y-a-s-
p- h - c p- p. {InkvXp- h ns hmp- I
hnZybvpw krjvSn-{I-a-n\pw hfsc hncp--
am-sWv. inip--sf-tmse Bbvhc-W-sa
{]kvXm-h-n \np hy-am-Ip-p. Bfp-
I Ipn-I-sf-tmse Xs hmp-I tI-
W- s apw adn- s mpw tNmZn- - c p- s Xpw
{InkvXp-hn\p hnNm-c-ap-m-bn-cp-p. I-Sv
hniz-kn--Xs! an-hmdpw {InkvXym-\n-I
_me-_p-n-I-sf-tm-se-bmWv s]cp-am-dp-Xv.
As-n bpnpw _pnpw hncp--amb
Imcy- Fn\p hniz-kn-pp? kzbw
hnZym-lo-\\pw _me-_p-n-bp-a - m-bn-cp-s-n
A\ysc A-s\-bm-p-hm {InkvXp D]-tZ-
in-p-I-bn-m-bn-cp-p. Xs-tmse ap--h-
scbpw B-W-sat A-s\-bp--h hnNm-
cn-q.
79. tbip Xs injy-m-tcmSp: [\-hm kz-cm-Py-n
IS-p-Xp {]bmkw Xt Fp Rm kXy-am-bnp
\n-tfmSp ]d-bp-p. [\-hm ssZh-cm-Py-n IS-p-
-Xn-t\-m HIw kqNn-p-g-en-eqsS IS-p-Xp
Ffpw Fpw Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-bpp Fp ]d-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
p. (19.23-24)
kao:- CXn\nv {InkvXp Zcn-{Z-\m-bn-cp-
sp sXfn-bpp. [\-hmam At-ls
hI-h-n-n-. AXm-Wn-s\ ]d--Xv. ]t
CXp kXy-a-. Fsm [\-hmmcnepw
Zcn-{Z-cnepw \-hcpw No-Ifpw ImWpw. \Xp
sNp- - h \Xpw No- s N- p- - h
Nobpw ^e- t\Sp-p. kzK-cmPyw
GtXm Hcp {]tXyI e-m-sWpw kh-
{X- b - s pw tbip hniz- k n- n- c p- s v
CXn\np sXfnbpp. A-s\-bmsW-n
B ssZhw ssZh-a. ssZh-cmPyw kh-{X-bm-
Wv. ]ns AXn {]th-in-p-I, {]th-in-m-
Xn- c npI Fsmw ]d- b p- Xp shdpw
Am-\a - m-Wv. ChnsS asm-p-IqSn {InkvXym-
\n- I - f mb [\m- V y- m- s cmw \c- I - nte
t]mIpthm? Zcn- { Z- s cmw kzK- nepw?
[\mVy Ah-cpsS ]-ep sFizcyw
kmK-n-ep-]-tbm-Kn-m Zcn-{Z IjvS-s-
kzKw e`n-p-Ibpw sNp Imcyw tbip
Nnn-t--Xm-bn-cp-p. Ipd]w Zcn-{Z-
c-hn-sS-n-Sp-Ibpw Z\m-Vy kzK-n
Fp-Ibpw sNbvtXs\.
80. tbip Ah-tcmSp ]dXp: Fs A\p-K-an-n-
cnp \n ]p\-\\ -
- n a\p-jy-]p-{X Xs
al-Xz-ns knwlm-k-\-n Ccn-p-tm \nfpw
]{p knwlm-k\ -
- n Ccpp C{km-tb tKm{Xw
]{-n\p \ymbw-hn-[npw Fp Rm kXy-am-bnp
\n-tfm-Sp-]d
- b
- p-p. Fs \maw \nanw hoSp-Is - ftbm
ktlm-Z-c-m-sctbm ktlm-Z-cn-I-tftbm A-s\tbm
A-sbtbm a-sftbm hnp-I-f--hp Fmw -\qdp
aSp e`npw Ah \n-Xy-Po-hs - \bpw Ah-Im-ia- m-pw.
(19,28-29)
kao: t\mq. tbip-hns Dp-In shfn-
hm-Ip-Xv. Nmepw Xs he-bn \nv
a\p-jy c-s]-Sc - p-Xv. apXp shn-m-ins
tem`-n-\-Sn-a-bmbn kzw Kpcp-hns\ Hp-sIm-
Sp ]m]n-Ifpw knwlm-k-\-n-en-cn-p-a-t{X.
]]mX-tmsS C{kmtb Ipe-ns
\ymbw hn[n-pI am{X-a-, Ah-cpsS Fm-]m-
]-fpw s]mdpv, ap--h-cpsS ta \ymbw
\S-p-Ibpw sNpw. CXn-\m-emhmw {InkvXym-
\n-I {InkvXym\n-I-tfmSv ]-]m-X-]qhw
sh-m-c Idpbmsf sImm \nc-]-
cm-[n-bmbn hn[nv shdpsX hnSp--Xv.11 C-
11. Am-ev sh-mscn Hc-Sn-ac
- m-Py-m-cCs\
374
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
s\- b m- h Ww {Inkv X p- h ns kzK- nse
\ymb\- S - npw. CXp \nanw asmcp
tZmjhpw kw`-hnpw. Hcm krjvSn-bpsS
XpS--nepw asm-cm \ymb-hn-[n- \mfns
sXmp ap\m-fnepw acn-p. BZysbm F{X-
\m \ymbhn-[nbpw Imp InS--Ww. cm-
a\v DS-\Sn \ymbw e`nbpw sNp-p. CsX-
- \ ym- b - a mWv ? AXp- t ]mse \c- I - n
t]mIp- - h Fpw \c- I - n InS- pw.
kzK-nt]mIp--h Fpw Ahn-sSbpw.
CXp henb A\ym-b-am-Wv. Fs-m A-
ap Ia--fpsS ^ehpw A-ap--Xm-bn-cn-
-Ww. AXp-t]mse cp Pohm-flm-v
Xpey-amb ]m]hpw ]pWyhpw Dm-hp-I-bn.
AXp-sImv A[n-Ihpw Ipd-hp-amb kpJ-Zpx-
J-t- fm-Sp-Iq-Snb Htsd kzK-\c - I
-
- Dm-
bn-cn--Ww. Fnte Htcm-cp-pw Ah-c-
h-cpsS Ia-\pk-cnv kpJ-Zpx-J
A\p-`-hn-m Ign-bq. Cs\ Cu ]pkvX-I-
n Hcn-Spw bpn-sm hyh--bn.
AXn-\m CXv Cuiz-cI - r-Xtam {InkvXp ssZh-
]p-{Xt\m A.
Bpw \qdp-\qdp A-\--am Dm-hm
hgn-bn-. Ds-n AXv A\Y-I-c-amhpw.
Hcmv Hc--bpw, Hc--\pta Dq. Hcmv
Fgp-]-n-cp kv{XoI kzK-n Inp-
sav Jp B\n Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-Xv Chn-
sS-\np ISw-sIm--Xm-h-Ww.
81. cmhnse Ah \K-c - n-tep aS-n-tm-Ip kabw
hni-np hgn-b-cnsI Hc-n-hrw Ip. ASp-s-
sNp. AXn Ce-b - msX Hpw ImWm-bvIb - m C\n
\nn Hcp \mfpw ^ew Dm-ImsX t]mIs Fp
AXn-t\mSp ]d-p. W-n An DWntmbn.
(21, 1819)
kao:- Fm ]mXn-cn-amcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw
{InkvXp, alm-im-\pw a: t{Im[-cm-lnXyw
apX-em-bh- b
- p-b
- m-fp-am-bn-cp-sv ]d-bm-dp-v.
Fm CXp t\mp-tm tZzj-m-c\pw
EXp-m\w Cm--bm-fp-am-bn-cp-sp a\-
n-em-Ip-p. Imp-a-\p-jy-cpsS kz`mhw hnn-cp-
p-an-. PU-h-kvXp-hmb hrw Fp ]ngp
AXns\ i]n-p-W-m? i]n-m hr-ap-
11. Fgp-Xp-Xv k-ev]-n--Xo-X-am-bn-cp-p. kzman-Pn-
bpsS `b-an-m-ba
v b
- psS asmcp sXfn-hm-Wn-X.v BZys
ae-bmf XP-a-bn Cu `mKw hnp-I-f-n-pv. 1933
emWv AXv {]km-[\w sNbvX-Xv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
W-p-I-bn-. h-a-cppw Hgnv DWnbXm-
sW-n AXn B-cyhpw th.
82. B Ime-nse IjvSw Ign DSs\ kqcy Ccp-
p-t]m-Ipw. N{ {]Imiw sImSp-m-Xn-cn-pw. \-
{X- BIm-i - p-\npw hogpw. BIm-i
- nse in-
I Cf-In-tm-Ipw.
kao:- Cutimtb! CXp-sIm-mw. \-{X-
hogp-sav GXp hnZy-sIm-m-Wv Ip-
]n- S n- - X v ? BIm- i - nse Cf--I p in
GXmWv? Aev]-sa-nepw Adn-hp-m-bn-cp-s-
n Ch-sbmw `qtKm-f--fm-sWpw hogp-
I-bn-spw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-p. Bim-cn-hw-i-
n-emWv tbip P\n--sXpw ac--Wn-I
am{Xta sNbvXn-cppspw Duln-mw. Cu
Imp-{]-tZ-iv, X\npw {]hm-NI - \
- m-Im-sap
`qtXm- Z - b - a p- m- b n- mWpw. {]h- N - \ hpw
XpSn! Atlw \ Imcy--tf-m No-
m-cy- ]d-n-p-v. B tZis Imp-a-
\p-jy AsXmw AwKo-I-cn-p. C-s-
tmse ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]mX-bn-em-bn-cpp
Ap bqtdms-n CsXmpw Ah kzoI-
cn-n-m-bn-cp-p. Ctm Iptd hnZym-`ym-k-ap-
m-bnpw \mp\Spw imTyhpw \nanw Cu
Ig-n-m aXw hnv kXy-amb thZ-amK-
n-tep Xncn-bm-Xv Ch-cpsS Ipd-hp-X-s.
83. BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Hgn-p-t]mIpw. Fs hN-\-
tfm Hgn-p-t]m-I-bn-. (24-35)
kao: CXpw Ahn-Zy-bpsSbpw A-X-
bpsSbpw hmp-I-fm-Wv. BImiw Ftm-m-
sWm-gn-bpI? AXn-kq-jva-am-I-bm AZr-iy-
amb BImiw Hgn- b p- Xv Bcv Fs\
ImWpw? kzbw henw ]d-bp-Xv \-hp
tN-X-.
84. ]ns Ah CS-p--h-tcm-Sp: i]n--s--htc
Fs-hnp ]nim-Nnpw Ahs ZqX-mpw Hcp-n-
bn-cn-p \nXym-n-bn-tep t]mIp-hn. (25-41)
kao: CsX-{X-b-[nIw ]-]m-X-]-c-amWv!
Xs injyv kzKw, ap- - h v
\nXymn! BImiw Xs Cm-Xm-Ip-sap
]d nXnv, \nXy-\-c-Ihpw Anbpw
kzKhpw Fhn- s S- b p- m- I m- \ mWv ? ssZhw
sNIp- m- s \bpw Ahs ZqX- m- s cbpw
krjvSn-n-m-bn-cp-s-n C{Xbpw \c-I-
Xm-dm-tI-n-h-cp-am-bn-cptm? sNIp-m
t]Sn-m ssZhw Fp ssZh-amWv? ssZh-
375
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw
Zq- X - \ mb sNIp- m ssZh- i - { Xp- h mbn! Fnepw Rm Cn- pw- t ]mseb \o Cnpw-
t\ct Chs\ ]nSnv Imcm-Kr-l-neS- t]msebmIs Fp {]mn-p.
bvmt\m \in-n-bvmt\m Ign-bm ssZh- kao: t\mq, {InkvXp shdpw a\p-jy-\-
n Fp ssZh-Xz-am-Wp-Xv? \mev]-Xp- msX ssZh- ] p- { Xt\m {XnIm- e - Z intbm
\m tbip-hns\ D]-{Z-hn-npw Hpw sNm hnZzmt\m Bbn-cp-s-n Ccw Atbm-Ky-
Ign- b m- X n- c p tbip- h ns ssZh- ] p- { XXzw amb tNjvS- I Imp- I - b n- m- b n- c p- p.
hyYw Xs. AXn-\m tbip ssZh-]p-{Xt\m CXn\np kv]jvS-ambn Adn-bp-hm Ign-
ss__n-fnse ssZhw ssZhtam A. bp--Xv, Xm ssZh-]p-{X\pw {XnIm-e-m-
85. Ap-h-n-cp--h-\n Hcp-h-\mb bqZm CkvI-tcym- \nbpw ]m]n-Isf cn-p--h-\p-amsWv
mhv alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-m-cpsS ASp-sNp. \n kzbw Iw ]c-p-I-bm-W-t{X. Atlw
Fp Xcpw? Rm Ahs\ ImWn-p-X-cmw Fp ]d- shdp-samcp ]mh-m-\m-bn-cp-p. knt\m
p. Ah Ahp apXp shn-mip-Xq-n-sm-Sp-
p. (26, 14-15) hnZzmt\m tbmKntbm Bbn-cp-n-.
88. Ah kwkm-cn-p-tm Xt, ]n-cp-h-cn Hcp-
kao: tbip-hns Fm AZv`p-X-Ir-Xy-- -\mb bqZbpw Ah-t\mSp IqsS alm-]p-tcm-ln-X - mcpw
fp-sSbpw ssZho-I-X-bp-sSbpw In shfn-hm-Ip- P\-ns aq-mcpw Ab hen-sbmcp ]pcp-jm-chpw
Xp t\mp-I. k-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp hmfpw hSn-bp-ambn hp. Ahs\ ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p--
kzw injys\ ]cn-ip--\m-m Ign-bm-- h; Rm Ghs\ Npw_n-ptam AhXs BIp-
p. Ahs\ ]nSn-p-sImhn Fp Ahp Hcp AS-
bm acn--Xn-\p-tijw Bsc ]cn-ip--\m-p- bmfw sImSp-n-cp-p. DS Ah tbip-hns ASp-
sa-mWv? hnizmknI F{X-tb-sd-bmWv sNv do h\w Fp-]-dp Ahs\ Npw_n-
hn-X-cm-Ip-Xv? Pohn-n-cns injy-msc p. Ah ASpp tbip-hn-t ssIhp Ahs\ ]nSn-
KpW-s-Sp-m-b - m acn-X
- n-\p-tijw Fp- p...... Atm injy-m Fm-hcpw Ah-s\-hnp HmSn-
tm-bn..... I-km-n-I ]ecpw hnpw ]n-bn-. HSp-
sN-p-sa-mWv? hn cp-t] hp. ssZh-a-ncw s]mfnp aqp
86. Ah `n-p-tm tbip Aw FSpp hmgvn Znhkw sImp hopw ]Wn-hm F\np Ignbpw
\pdpn injy-mp sImSp-p. hmn `n-n; CXp- Fp Ah ]dp Fp t_m[n-n-p. alm-]p-tcm-
Fs icocw Fp ]dp ]ns ]m\-]m{Xw FSpp ln-X Fgpt-tddp Ah-t\mSp: \o Hcp--chpw ]d-bp-
kvtXm{Xw sNmn Ahp sImSp-p. Fmhcpw CXn n-tbm? Ch \ns t\sc kmyw ]d-bp-Xp Fp
\np IpSn-n. CXv At\-Ip-thn ]m]-tam-N-\- sNp tNmZn-p. tbmipthm anm-Xn-cp-p. alm-]p-tcm-
n-mbn sNmcn-bp ]pXnb \nb-a-n-\p Fs ln-X ]nsbpw Ah-t\mSp \o ssZh-]p-{X-\mb {InkvXp
cw (26,26-28) Xstbm? ]dI Fp Rm Poh-\p ssZh-s-
smp \ntmSp BW-bnp tNmZnpp Fp ]d-
kao: ]cn-jvIr-X\
- mb Bsc-nepw Cs\ p. tbip Ah-t\mSp Rm BIp-p...... Fp ]dp
sNptam? injy-mv Xnm sImSp-p- DSs\ ]ptcm-ln-X hkv{Xw Iodn; Ch ssZh-Zq-jWw
Xv Xs amwkhpw IpSn-m sImSp-p- ]dp C\n kmn-Is - f-smp \app Fp-Imcyw?
\n Ctm ssZh-Zq-jWw tIp-htm; \np
Xv c-hp-am-sWv Ahn-Zzm-\mb Imp-a-\p- Fp-tXm-pp Fp tNmZn--Xnp Ah ac-W-tbm-
jyt\ ]d- b q. CXn- s \- b mWv Cm- e s Ky Fp Ah Dcw ]d-p. Atm Ah
{InkvXym-\n-I Ip_m\ ssIsm-p-I- Ahs apJp Xpn. Ahs\ apjvSn-Np-cpn Ipn.
sbv ]d-bp--Xv. `y-t]-b- {InkvXp- Nne Ahs\ I--Snp; tl, {InkvXpth \ns
Xn-bXp B Fp R-tfmSp {]h-Nn Fp ]d-
hns chpw amwk-hp-am-sWp k-ev]np p...... ]t{Xmkv ]pdp \Sp-ap--n-cp-p. Ahs
Ign-p-Xv F{X-tam-i-s--Im-cy-amWv! kzw ASp- Hcp the-mcn hp. \obpw Keo-e-m-c-\mb
Kpcp- h ns c- a mw- k m- Z n- I - f m- s Wp tbip-hns IqsS- Bbn-cp-p-htm Fp ]d-p.
kev]np `n-p--hv A\y-cp-tSXv AXnp Ah \o ]d-bp-Xp F\np Xncn-bp-n
Fp Fm-hcpw tIs Xn--d-p. ]ns Ah
Fs\ \njn--amIpw? ]Sn-p-c-bn-tep ]pd-s-Sp-tm asm-cpn Ahs\
87. ]t{Xm--kn-s\bpw sks_-Zn-]p-{X-m Ccp-h-scbpw Ip. Ahn-sS-bp--h-tcmSp Ch\pw \{km-b-\mb tbip-
Iqn-sm-p-sNp ZpxJnpw hymIp-e-spw XpS-n. hn-t\m-Sp-IqsS Bbn-cpp Fp ]d-p. B a\p-jys\
Fs Dw ac-W-th-Z-\-t]mse AXn ZpxJn-X-am-bn- Rm Adn-bp-n Fp Ah cm-aXpw BW-tbmsS
cnpp. ChnsS Xma-knp Ftm-Sp-IqsS D-Wn-cn- Xn--d-p..... Atm Ah B a\p-jys\ Rm
n Fp Ah-tcmSp ]d-p. ]ns Ah Aev]w Adn-bp-n Fp {]mIp-hm\pw AW-bn-Sp-hm\pw
aptm-p-sNp. Ihn-p-ho-Wp. ]nXmth Ign-bp-sa-n XpSn. (26, 47-50,56,61-72,74)
Cu ]m\- ] m{Xw F \np \on- t ]m- t I- W - t a.

376
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
kao: t\mq. kzw injy-s\-tmepw Dd-
np \np-hm Ct-ln\p I-gn-n.
{]mW t]mbmepw shSn-bcp-Xm Kpcp-hns\
tem`w-sImv Hp-Ibpw, {]mIp-Ibpw, Xn--
d-Ibpw Ifn-n-bpw sNpp! {InkvXp-hn\v
AZv`p-X-insbmpw Cm-bn-cp-p. ]g-b-\n-
b-a-n temI-ns hon cp-t] AXn-
Yn-I-fmbn cm]m-tm Ahs hoSm-{I-an-
p, Ahv B_m-e-hrw A-X-]n-Sn-s]p
Fv (Dev]n 19-11) Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. CXv
Akw- ` hyamsW- nepwIqSn, C{X- t ]mepw
in {InkvXp- h n- \ n- m- b n- c p- p. Cv
Fsmw in-I-fmWv {InkvXp-hn Btcm-
]n-n-p-Xv? Cu Zpa-c-W-s-m tZZw
kam[n {]m]n-tbm Bfl-lXy sNbvItbm
Bbn-cp-p. ]t hnZym-c-ln-X\v Cu _pn
Fs\ tXmm? {Inkv X p hopw ]d-
bpp:
89. Fs ]nXm-hn-t\mSp CtmXs ]{p temKy-
\nepw A[nIw ZqX-msc Fs AcnsI \nt--
Xnp F\np At]-np IqSm Fp tXmp-pthm?
(26,53)
kao: `o-Wn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Xsbpw
]nXm-hn-sbpw alXzw hmgvp-Ibpw sNp-
s-nepw Hpw sNp-n. alm ]ptcm-ln-
X ""\o Hcp D-chpw ]d-bp-n-tbm Ch
\ns t\sc kmyw ]d-bp-Xp Fp'' Fp
tNmZn--tm Hcp--chpw ]d-bm-Xn-cp-Xv
Bcyw Xs. CsXmpw icn-bm-bn-. kXyw
Fm-bmepw Xpdp ]d-bp--Xm-bn-cpp \-
Xv. hp ]d-Xv DNn-X-am-bn-. tbip-hn
I-pw Npan h[n-Xpw DNn-X-am-bn-.
Ah Npa- nb A]- c m- [ - s ampw tbip
sNbvXn-. Imp-Pm-Xn-m-cmb Ahv \ymb-
t_m[w Dm-Ip--sX-s\? tbip ssZh-
]p-{X-\mbn Na-bm-Xn-cn-bpw Ah At-l-
tmsS A\ymbw sNm-Xn-cn-bpam-bn-cpp
thXv. ]t C{X Adnhpw [a-t_m-[hpw
\ymb ioehpw Fhn-Sp-p-m-Im-\mWv?
90. Fm tbip \mSp-hm-gn-bpsS apmsI \np. \o
blq-Z - m-cpsS cmPmthm Fp \mSp-hmgn tNmZn-p. Rm
BIpp Fp tbip- Ah-t\mSp ]d-p. alm-]p-tcm-
ln-X- mcpw aq-mcpw Ipw Npa-p-Ib
- n Ah Hpw
Dcw ]d-n-. ]nem-tmkv Aht\mSp: Ch \ns
t\sc Fsmw kmyw ]d-bpp Fp tIp-n-
tbm Fp tNmZn-p. Ah Hcp hmn\pw Dcw
]d-bm-bvI-bm \mSp-hmgn AXyw B-cy-s-p.......
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]nem-tmkv Ah-tcmSv; {InkvXp F tbip-hns\ Fp
sNtp Fp tNmZn--Xnp: Ahs\ {Iqin-tWw
Fp Fm-hcpw ]d-p..... A\-cw \mSp-hm-gn-bpsS
]S-bm-fn-I tbip-hns\ Am-\-n-tep sImp-
t]mbn ]m-fs Fmw Ahs t\tc-hc - p-n. Ahs
hkv{Xw Agnv Hcp Nph taen [cn-n-p. app-
sImp Hcp IncoSw saSp Ahs Xe-bn shp
he--n Hcp tImepw sImSpp Ahs apn app-
Ipn; blq-Z-m-cpsS cmPmth Pb Pb Fp ]cn-l-
knp ]d-p. ]ns Ahs ta Xpn. tIm
FSpv Ahs Xe-bn ASn-p. Ahs\ ]cn-l-knp
Xo-tm taen \on Ahs hkv{Xw [cn-np
{Iqin-m sImp-]-bn-....... Xe-tbm-SnSw Fap
tKmtKmYm F ev Fn-b-tm Ah\p
ssIp-Ie -
- nb hop IpSn-m sImSp-p. AXp cpNn-
t\m-nbmsd Ahp IpSn-m a\-m-bn Ahs\
{Iqin Xd--tijw....... Ahs Ip-kw-KXn FgpXn
Ahs Xe-bvp-aosX hp. hepw CSpambn cp
I-mscbpw Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS {Iqin-p. IS-p-t]m-
IphX-e-Ip-epn Ahs\ Zpjnp. ancw s]mfnp
aqp \msImp ]Wn-bp--ht\ \nt-t cn-
, ssZh-]p-{X Fn {Iqin \npw Cdnhm Fp
]d-p. As\ Xt alm-]p-tcm-ln-X - mcpw imkv{Xn-
amcpw aq-mcpw ]cn-l-knp Ch ap--hsc cn-
p, Xs-m cn-m Ign-I-bn-, Ah bn{km-tb-
ens cmPmhp BIpp Fn Ctm {Iqin \np
Cdn hcs, Fm R Ah-\n hnizkn-pw.
Ah ssZh-n B{i-bn-pp; Ahp Ch-\n
{]km-Z-ap-s-n Ctm hnSp-hn-s, Rm ssZh-]p-
{X Fp Ah ]dphtm Fp ]dp. A-
s\-Xt Ah-t\mSp IqsS {Iqin-n-cp I-mcpw
Ahs\ \nn-p.
Bdmw aWn-t\cw apX HXmw aWn-t\cw
hsc tZip Fmw Ccp-p-mbn. GI-tZiw HXmw
aWn-t\-cp tbip: Feo Geo e-i-_-m\n Fp
Dds \ne-hn-fnp: Fs ssZhta Fs ssZhta \o
Fs ssIhn-Xp F Fw. AhnsS \nn-cp--
h-cn Nne AXp-tI-np: Ah Gen-bmsh hnfn-pp
Fp ]dp. DSs\ Ah-cn Hcp- HmSn Hcp
kvt]mv FSpp ]pfn hop \nsdp HmS--
nta Bn Ahp IpSn-m sIm-Sp-p. tbip
]nsbpw Dds \ne-hn-fnp {]mWs\ hnp. (27, 11-14,
21 23, 26-31, 33-35, 37-48, 50)
kao: B ZpjvS - m tbip-hn-t\mSp ISp
{Iqc-X-Im-n. tbip-hnsbpw sXp-v. ssZh-
n\p ]p{X-\n-. ssZhw Bcp-sSbpw ]nXm-hp-
a Bbm ssZh-n\v izip-c\pw kyme\pw
apw Dm-IW - w. \mSp-hmgn tNmZn-X
- n\v kXy-
amb Dcw \evtI--Xm-bn-cp-p. t\c-s
AZv`p-X-Ir-Xy- sNbvXn-p-m-bn-cp-s-n
Ctmgpw Ipcn- i n\n- n- d n kh- a m- \ -
htcbpw injy-cm-t--Xm-bn-cp-p. IqSm-sX,
ssZh-ns ]p{X-\m-bn-cp-s-n, ssZhw
377
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
At-ls cn-t-s\. tbip {XnIme Zin-
bm-bn-cp-s-n hon ssIbv Ien-
sm-Sp-Xv cpNn-p-t\m-msX Dt]-n-m-am-
bn-cp-p. knn-I hXpw Dm-bn-cp-s-n
Fn\v Dds \ne-hn-fnv {]mW shSn-b-
Ww? Hcp-h F{X kmay- Imn-bmepw
icn, Ah-km\w Ihpw kXyhpw thXn-cn-
bp-sav Adn-b-Ww. tbip B Imp-a-\p-jy-sc-
m \- h - \ m- b n- c p- s v sXfn- b p- p.
Fm kn-t\m, ssZh-]p-{Xt\m, hnZzmt\m
Am-bn-cp-p. Bbn-cp-s-n ZpxJm\p`hw
Dm-hp-am-bn-cpn.
91. s]sp hen-sbmcp `qIw Dm-bn. Im-hns
ZqX kz-n\nv Cd-n-hp Ip-cpn \on AXn-
t Ccp-n-cpp...... Ah ChnsS C. Xm ]d-
-Xp-t]mse Dbns-gp-tp. Ah InS ew
hp Imn...... As\ Ah thK-n Ahs
injy-m-tcmSp Adn-bn-m HmSn-tm-bn. Fm tbip
Ahsc FXn-tc-p. \np h\w Fp ]d-p.
Ah ASp-p-sNp Ahs Im ]nSnp Ahs\ \-
a-kvIc - np. tbip Ah-tcmSpw `b-s-tS \n t]mbn
Fs ktlm-Zc -
- m-tcmSp Keo-tep t]mIp-hm ]d-hn
AhnsS Ah Fs ImWpw Fp ]d-p....... F-
m ]Xn-s\mp injy-m Keo-eb - ntbip Ah-tcmSp
Iev]n-n-cp aep t]mbn. Ahs\ I-tm Ah
\a-kvI-cn-p. Nnetcm kwi-bn-p. tbip ASp-p-sNp
kz-nepw `qan-bnepw kIe A[n-Im-chpw F\np
\-evIs - -n-cn-p-p...... Rmt\m temIm-hk
- m-\t- mfhpw
\n-tfm-Sp-IqsS Dp Fp Acp-fn-s-bvXp. (28,2,6,9,10,16-
18, 20)
kao: CXpw hniz-kn-m-\m-hp Imcy-a-.
Fs-m krjvSn-{I-a-n\pw, hnZybvpw
hncp--am-Wn-Xv. ssZh-n\p ZqX-m-cp-m-hp-
I-, Ahsc Apanpw Ab-bvp-I, apI-
fn\n-n-dn hcn-I, CsX-mw-sImv ssZh-
ns\ If-IvScpw Xl-ioZmcpamp-I-bt?
AtX ico-c-n kzK-p-t]mbn, Dbs-
gp-ttm? B kv{XoI ]mZw sXmp hn-s-
n icocw Dm-bn-cn-Ww. aqpZnh-kw-
sImv icocw Pon-m-Xn-cp--sXv? `qan-
bnepw kzK-n-ep-ap kIe A[n-Imcfpw
F\np \evI-s-n-cn-pp Fp {InkvXp
]d-Xv Bfl-{]-iw-k-bm-Wv. injy-msc
Ispw Ah-tcmSp kwkm-cn-spw ]d-bp-
Xpw icn-b-. CsXms icn-bm-sW-n
Cpw Bsc- n- e p- s amw Dbs- g p- t -
ev bpw DS- t emsS kzK- p- t ]m- h p- I bpw
sNm--sX-mWv?
kXym-{]-Im-iw
am-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-s-n Npcp-n-
sb-gp-Xn. C\n asm-kns kphn-ti-j-s-
n Fgp-Xmw.
asm-kns kphn-tijw
92 Ch X-\-tbm? (6 . 3)
kao: Htkv Hcm-imcn Bbn-cp-p. ]mc-
-cy-a-\p-k-cnp {InkvXphpw Bbn-cp-p. hf-
sc-\m B ]Wn-sN-bvXp. ]no-SmWv {]hm-N-
I-\m-Im B{K-l-ap-m-b-Xv. As\ ssZh-
]p- { X- \ m- b n. B ]cn- j vIr- X - a - \ p- j y
As\bmn. Atm Ap-X- Imn-
p-S-n. Ahn-sS-sbmw A-n-{Z-ap-m-n.
eqtmkv Fgp-Xnb kphn-tijw
93. Fs \-h-s\p ]d-bp-sXv! ssZhw Hcp-h
AmsX \-h Bcpw C. (18.10)
kao: ssZh-a-msX amcpw \-h-c Fp
{InkvXp ]d-bp-tm ]nXm-hv, ]p{X, ]cn-ip-
m-flmhv Fo {XnXzw {InkvXym-\n-I Fhn-
sS-\n-m-hn-jvI-cnp?
94. Ah A-hs\ sltdm-tZm-hns ASp--tev Ab-
p. sltdmZmhv tbip-hns\ Inv AXy-[nIw ktm-
jnp; Ahs\pdnv tIn-cp--Xp-sImp Ahs\
Imm hf-sc-m-e-ambn Cnpw Ah h AS-bm-
fhpw sNp-X - p-ImWmw Fp Bin-n-cp-p. Gdn-tbmp
tNmZn-npw Ah Ah-t\mSp Dcw Hpw ]d-n-.
(23,7-9)
kao: Cmcyw am-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-
n-en-m--Xn-\m Cu kmy-n\p km[p-
X-bn-. tbip -kn-t\m ApX sNp
Btfm Bbn-cp-s-n sltcm-Zm-hn\v Dcw
sImSp- p- I bpw Ap- X - Imp- I bpw
sNbvtX-s\. Ccw in-I-sfmpw tbip-
hn-\n-m-bn-cp-p.
tbml-ms kphn-tijw
95 BZn-bn hN\w Dm-bn-cp-p. hN\w ssZh-tm-Sp-
IqsS Bbn-cp-p. -k-I-ehpw Ah ap-Jm-cw Df-hm-bn.
Df-hmbXp Hpw Ahs\ IqSmsX Df-hm-bX -
- . Ah-\n
Poh Dmbn-cp-p. Poh a\p-jy-cpsS shfn--ambn-cp-
p. (1.1-4)
kao: hm-hn-msX hN\w BZn-bn
Dm-hpIbn. hN\w ssZh-tm-Sp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-
cpsv ]d-Xv shdpsX-bm-Wv. hN\w Hcn-
epw ssZh-a-. Fs-m BZn-bn Cuiz-
c-t\mSp IqSn-bn-cp-sp ]d--Xn\np
knn-pXv BZn-bn hN-\tam ssZhtam
378
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Dm-bn-cpp Fp ]d-bp-Xv bp-a-s-m-
Wv. hN-\-n\nv krjvSn-bp-m-hn-. Imc-
W- a psnte Dm- h q. hN- \ - a n- msX
\n_vZw {kjvSmhn\v krjvSn-m Ign-bpw,
Poh GXn Fm-bn-cpp? Cu hN\w
Poh A\m-Zn-bm-sWp knm-n-p-pthm?
Fn BZ-ns aqn Poh DuXn-sb-
p-]-d-bpXv I-ambn. Poh a\p-jy-cpsS
am{Xw shfn-tam? arK--fp-tS-Xt?
96. Amgw Bb-tm ]nimNp intams aI-\mb bqZm
CkvI-tcym-m-hns lrZ-b-n Ahs\ ImWnp
sImSp-m tXmn-n-cp-p. (13, 2)
kao: CXp kXy-a-. Fm-h-scbpw hgn
sXn-p- sNIp-ms\ BcmWv hgn sXn-
p--sXv {InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSp tNmZn-Ww.
sNIp-m X\nsb hgn-sX-p--h-\m-sW-n
a\p-jypw C-s\ hgn-sX-mw. ]ns-n\p
sNIp-m?- sN-Ip-ms\ krjvSn-p-Ibpw
hgn-sX-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ssZh-am-sW-n
B sNIp- ms sNIp- m {Inkv X y
ssZh-am-sWp hcp-p. ssZhw Fm-h-tcbpw
As\ hgn- s X- np! CXv F- s \- b mWv
ssZh-n\p tNcpI? {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Cu
]pkvIw ssZh-]p-{X tbip-hn-s\bpw Dm-
n-bXv sNIp-m-\m-bn-cp-tmw. ssZh-ap-m-
nb ]pkv X - I tam tbip ssZh- ] p- { Xt\m,
CXn ]d-n-cn-p ssZhw ssZhtam A
Xs.
97. \n-fpsS lrZbw Ie-n-tm-I-cpXv ssZh-n
hniz-kn-n, Fnepw hniz-kn-n Fs ]nXm-hns
`h-\-n At\Iw hmk-e Dp. Csn
Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-p. Rm \np
esamcp-p-hm t]mIpp, Rm t]mbn-\n-p
e-sam-cp-n-bm Rm Ccn-p CSp \nfpw
Ccn-t-Xnp ]nsbpw hp \nsf Fs ASp-
tNp-sIm-pw........ tbip Ah-t\mSp: RmXs
hgnbpw kXyhpw Poh\pw BIp-p. Rm apJm--c-a-
msX Bcpw ]nXm-hns ASp- Fp-n-. \n
Fs Adnp Fn Fs ]nXm-hn-s\bpw Adn-bp-
am-bn-cp-p. (14, 14, 6,7)
kao: t\mq. Cu {InkvXp-hm-Iy-
t]m-m-cpsS the-I-fn Ipd-Xp hXp-
amtWm? Ccw IpSp-p-I-fn-m-bn-cp-s-n
B aX-n Bcm-W-I-s-SpI? tbip Xs
]nXm-hns IpI ]nSn-n-ptm? As\
tbip-hns Ip-I-bn-em-sWn B ssZhw
]cm-[o-\-\m-Wv. ssZhw ]cm-[o-\-\m-hp-I-bn-.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
AXn-\m AXv ssZh-a-. ssZhw Bcp-sSbpw
ip]mi-tIp-I-bp-an-. tbip-hn\v ap]v
Bcpw ssZhs {]m]n- n- nt? Cs\
m\hpw apw \evIm-sa-pw, kzbw amKhpw
kXyhpw Poh-\p-am-sWpw apw ]d-bp-Xpw
Uw`m-Wv. CsXm-cn-epw kXy-a-.
98. Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-bpp: Rm sNp {]hrn
Fn hniz-kn-p--h\pw sNpw. Rm ]nXm-hns
ASp- t]mIp-X - p-sImp AXn hen-bXpw Ah
sNpw. (14,12)
kao: t\mq! tbip-hn ]q-ambn hniz-
kn- phv Fp- s Imv acn- - h sc
Dbs-gp-t-ev]n-m\pw apw Ign-bp-n?
hnizm-kwsImv Ap-X- Imm-\m-hp-I-bn-
s-n - tbiphpw Ap-X sNbvXn-
sp \nW-bn-m-w. tbip kzbw ]d-bp-p-
-tm. \npw Ap-X - sNm Ign-
bp-sav! Fm Cv Hcp {InkvXym-\npw
Ap-X - s- fmpw sNm-\m-hp-Ib
- n-. {InkvXp-
hn\v acn--hsc Pohn-n-m\pw apw Ign-bp-
sap hniz-kn----hw BcpsS Dm-
gvN-bmWv \in-n-p-Xv?
99 GI-kXy-ssZ-h-am-b....... (17.3)
kao: GI-k-Xy-ssZ-h-sap ]d-bp-tm
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {XnXzw Xopw anYy-bm-
bn-tm-Ip-p. Cs\ Af-h Ak-Xy-
kphn-ti-j--fn-ep-v.
shfn-]mSp ]pkvXIw
100. Ah-cpsS Xe-bn s]mIn-co-Sw....... ssZh-ns
Ggv Bflm--fmb Ggp Zo]-...... knwlm-k-\-ns
apn Im-Sn--S. knwlm-k-\-ns \Sp-hnepw
knwlm-k-\-ns Npnepw \mepPohn-I, Ah-bvp-
ap-p-dhpw ]np-dhpw Ip-\n-d-n-cn-p-p. (4,4-5)
kao: t\mq Hcp ]Ww t]mse-bmWv
{InkvXym\n kzKw Ah-cpsS Cuiz-c henb
]wt]mse Xobm-Wv. kzm-`-c-W- [cn-
p-I, apnepw ]n]nepw Ip-m-bn-cn-p-
I-sb--sXmw kw`-hn-m-hp--X-. CsXmw
Bcp hniz-knpw? AhnsS knwlw apX-emb
arK--fp-spw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-p.
101. Rm knwlm-k-\-n Ccn-p--hs he--n
AIpw ]pdpw Fgpp-Xmbn Ggp ap{Z-bm
ap{Z-bn-smcp ]pkvXIw Ip. B ]pkvXIw Xpd-m\pw
AXns ap{Z s]mfn-m\pw tbmKy Bcpp?..............
]pkvXIw Xpd-mt\m t\mp-hmt\m kz-nepw `qan-
bnepw `qanp Iognepw Bpw Ign-n-. ]pkvXIw
379
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Xpdp hmbn-m-s\-nepw AXp t\mp-hm-s\-nepw
tbmKy- \ mbn Bscbpw ImWm- b v - I - s Impw Rm
Ghpw Ic-p. (5,1-4)
kao: t\mp-I, {InkvXy kzKn
knwlm-k\w Bqw `qan-bn-epw kz-
nepw Xpd-m-\m-fn-m ap{Z-h ]pkvXIw,
Fm-apv! tbml-m Ic-bpp. ]nsmcp
aq ]d-bp-p. {InkvXp AXp Xpd-p-sav.
shdpw sshXm- f nI Km\- - f m- W n- s Xmw.
{InkvXp-hn Fm al-z-fpw ASn-m-\-
sam-p-an-msX Btcm-]n-p-I-bm-Wv.
102. Rm knwlm-k-\-n-sbpw \mep Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw
\Sp-hnepw aq-m-cpsS ay-nepw Hcp IpmSv Adp-
-s--Xp-t]mse \nevp-XpIp. -A-Xnp Ggp-
sImpw k-`q-an-bn-tepw Ab-n-cn-p Ggp ssZhm-
flm- Bb Ggp Ip-Ifpw Dv. (5,6)
kao: tbml- ms a\- nse kz]v \ -
fpsS kz`mhw t\mp-I. B kz-ns
\Sp-hn Fm {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw \mep arK-
fpw tbiphpw Dv, am-cp-a. ChnsS tbip-
hn\p cp-I-t-bp-p, sImn-. kz-n
sN- t m Ggp- s Impw Ggp- I - p- a m- b n.
AZv`pXw Xs! Ggp-ssZ-h--fpsS Bflmhv
tbip-hns Ipw sImp-ambn. sImmw,
CsXms {InkvXym-\n-I Fs\ hniz-
knpp? Aev]-sa-nepw _pn-tht?
103 ]pkvXIw hmn-b-tm \mep PohnIfpw Ccp-]-n-
\mep Pohn-Ifpw Ccp-]
- n-\mep aq-mcpw Hmtcm-cp-
hoWbpw hnip--m-cpsS {]mY\ F [q]-hw
\nd s]mI-e-ihpw ]nSn-p-sImp Ipm-Sns
apmsI hoWp. (5.8)
kao: tbip kzK-n Cm-bn-cp-t- m
Cu aq-m [q]-Zo] ss\th-Zy- An-
- X mmWv ? s{]m-- v {Inkv X ym\nI
hn{K- l m- c m- [ - \ sb FXnth Ah- c psS
kzKw AXns aS-bm-bn-on-cn-p-p.
104. Ip-mSp ap{Z-I-fn Hp s]mn--tm \oh-cnI
Fp \mep Pohn-I-fn Hp CSn-ap-gwt]mse ]d-bp-
Xp Rm tIp. Atm Rm Hcp sh-Ip-Xn-csb
Ip. AXn-t Ccn-p--hs In Hcp hnpp; hnsnIqSn Ccw hnSp- h m- b m- S pXp
Ahp Hcp Inco-Shpw e`n-p. Ah Pbn-p-h - \
- mbpw
Pbn-m-\m-bpw ]pd-s-p.
Ah cmw ap{Z s]mntm hcnI Fp cmw
Pohn ]d-bp-Xp Rm tIp. Atm Nph--Xmb
asmcp IpXnc ]pd-s-p. AXns ]pd-n-cn-p--h\p
a\p-jy At\ym\yw sImp-hm X-hw `qan-bn
\np kam-[m\w FSp-p-If - t- b-X
- np A[n-Imcw e`n-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
p........ aqmw ap{Z s]mn--tm....... Idp \nd-
apsmcp IpXn-csb Ip...... \memw ap{Z s]mn--
tm........ a-\n-d-ap IpXn-csb Ip. AXn-t
Ccn-p--hp acWw Fp t]. (6,1-5, 78)
kao: t\mq CsXmw ]pcm-W--fnse
sIp-I-Y-Isf adn-I-S-p--Xt? ]pkvX-I-
fpsS Ipn-s-n-\p-n IpXn-c-k-hmcn
Fs\ \Spw? CsXmw kz]v\w Iv
]npw t]bpw ]d- b p- - X m- W v . CXp t\cm-
sWp ]d-bp--h-cpsS APvR-X-sb-{X-bp-s-
-Xn\v Af-hn-.
105 hnip-\pw kXy-hm\pw Bb \mYm `qan-bn hkn-
phtcmSpw R-fpsS c-s-p-dnp \o F{X-
tmfw \ymb-hn-[nbpw {]Xn-Im-chpw \S-m-sX-bn-cnpw
Fv Ah Dds \ne-hn-fnp. Atm Ah-cn Hmtcm-
cp-pw sh-\n-e-bn sImSp-p. Ah-sc-tmse
sIm-s-Sp-hm-\n-cn-p kl-`r-Xy-mcpw ktlm-Z-c-
mcpw hp-Xn-I-bp-thmfw Aev]w Imew-IqsS kz-
ambn -]mtWw Fp Ahp Acp-fmSpm-bn. (6-
10-11)
kao: {InkvXym-\n-I hnNm-c-W--S-hp-Im-
cm-bn-cn-mw. Ah \ymb-n\p thn hne-
]n-p--X-Xn-m-hmw. thZ-amKw kzoI-cn-p-
-hv \ymb-n\p Imn-cn-t. DSt\
Inpw. {Inkv Xym- \ n- I - t fmSp tNmZn- Ww
CubnsS ssZh-ns tImSXn AS-n-cn--
bmtWm? \ymb Imcy- \S- p- nt?
\ymbm-[n-]-m ]Wn-ap-S-n-emtWm? Ahv
D-c-sampw ]d-bm-\n! Cuiz-c-t\bpw I_-
fn-n-pp! Cuiz-c Ifn-n--s-Sp-Ibpw!
]dbpw app-Xs i{Xp-hns\ t\cn-Spp!
hm {]Xn-Im-c-_p-n-bp Ch Nmepw
sshcw hnSp-I-bn-. Fpw kam-[m-\-an-. kam-
[m-\-an-m-n-Sv ZpJ-n-\-dp-Xn-bp-an-.
106. An-hrw s]cp-m-psImv Ipep-op Imbn
DXnp--Xp-t]mse BIm-i-nse \-{X- `qan-
bn hoWp. ]pkvX-I-p-cp Npcppwt]mse BImiw
amdn-tm-bn. (6,13.14)
kao: {]hm-N-I-\mb tbml-m Adn-
t\mp-I. \-{X- temI-tKm-f--fm-Wv.
AXp `qan-bn Fs\ hogm-\mWv? kqcym-Zn-
I-fpsS BIjWw \nanw Ah Fhn-Sp-s-
tmp \om-\mWv? BImiw ]-em-sWp
hnNm-cn-p-pthm? Cu BImiw BIr-Xn-
bp hkvXp-h-. Bpw AXns\ sXdp-p-
380
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
sI-m Ign-hn-. Cu tbml-m\pw apw A]-
cn-jvIrXcmbn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS Cu hmp-If
- n
Hcp IY-bp-an-.
107 ap{Z-tb--h-cpsS Fhpw Rm tIp. bn{km-tb
a-fpsS kI-e-tKm-{X-nepw \np ap{Z-tb--h \qn-
\m-ev]n \mem-bncw t]. sblqZm tKm{X-n ap{Z-
tb--h ]o-cm-bncw (7,5-5)
kao: ss__n-fnse ssZhw C{km-tb
XpS- nb tKm{X- - f psS ssZhtam temI-
ns ssZhtam? ssZh-sa-n\v Imp-Iq--
tm-Sp-IqSn? Ahsc klm-bn-bpw ap--
hscn anm-Xn-cn-bpw sNp ssZhw
ssZh-a-. C{k-tb tKm{X-mp ap{Z-Ip-
p- Xpw apw Aev ] - P v R - X tbm tbml-
ms In\mthm Bbn-cn-mw.
108. AXp-sImp Ah ssZh-ns knwlm-k\
-
- n\p
apn Ccpp Ahs Be-b-n cm-I Ahs\
Bcm-[n-p-p.
kao: CXv ISp hn{K-lm-cm-[\ - b
- t? Cu
ssZhw a\p-jy-s\-tmse Hcp e-sm-Xp-
p-nt? {InkvXy ssZh-n\v cm{Xn-bn
Dd- - h p- a n- .- D- d - p- s - n cm]- I
]qPsbn\v? AYhm Ddw sISp-p--Xm-
hmw. cm]-I Dd--sam-gn-m {`mtm alm-
tcm-Ktam ]nSn-pw.
109 asmcp ZqX Hcp kz-[q-]-I-e-i-hp-ambn hp
bmK-]o-T - n-c
- nsI \np. knwlm-k\
-
- n apn-ep
kz-]o-T-n-t kIe hnip--m-cp-sSbpw {]m-
\-tbmSp tNt--Xnp hfsc [q]-hw Ahp
sImSp-p. [q]-h-ns ]pI hnip--m-cpsSbpw
{]m-\-tbmSpIqsS ZqXs ssIn \np ssZh-k-
n-[n-bn-tep Ib-dn. ZqX [q]-I-eiw FSpp bmK-
]o-T- nse I\ \nsdp `qan-bn-tep Fdn-p. DSs\
CSn-ap-g-hpw \mZhpw anepw `qI-hpw Dm-bn. (8,
35)
kao: t\mqI! kzK- n t]mepw
thZnbpw [q]hpw ss\th-Zyhpw Iml-f-i-
_vZhpw! sshcm-Kn-I-fpsS t{X-n-ep-]-cn-
bmtWm {InkvXy kzKw? Aev]w tImem-
lew IqSp-X-ep-mhmw!
110 Hm-a--h (Im-lfw) DuXn Atm cw
Ie Ieva-gbpw Xobpw `qan-ta sNmcn-np `qan-
bn aqn-semp shp-t]m-bn. (8.7)
kao: _te t`jv! {InkvXy {]hm-N-It\
sImmw. ssZhhpw ssZh-Zq-X\pw Iml-f-i-
_vZhpw {]f-b-eo-e-bp-samw shdpw Ipn--fn-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
bm-Wv. CXv {]f-b-Im-cytam?
111 Am-as ZqX DuXn. Atm Hcp \{Xw
BIm-ip \np `qan-bn hoWp-In-S-p-Xp Rm
Ip. Ahp AKm-[Iq-]-ns Xmtm e`n-p.
Ah AKm-[I - q]w Xpd-p. DSs\ s]cp-q-fb
- nse ]pI-
t]mse Iq]-n\npw ]pI-s]m-n. Iq]-ns ]pI-
bm kqcy\pw BIm- i hpw Ccp- p- t ]m- b n. ]pI-
bn\np shp-nfn `qan-bn ]pd-s-p. AXnp `qan-
bnse tXfn-\p in e`n-p. s\n-bn ssZh-ns
ap{Z-bn-m a\p-jy-msX `qan-bnse ]pnpw ]-
bm-bsXmnpw bmsXmcp hr-npw tISp-h-cp--
cpXp Fp AXnp Iev]\ Dmbn. Ahsc sImp-
hm-\ Ap-amkw ZWvUn-n-m-\t{X AXnp A[n-
Imcw e`n--Xp. (9.1-5)
kao: Iml-f-i_vZw tIv \{Xw B ZqX-
m-cpsS taem-bn-cnmw hoW-Xv. ChnsS hoWn-
t-bn-. shp-In-fn-I-sfbpw InW-dn-s\bpw {]f-
b-n-\p-thn ssZhw \nn-pthm? ap{Z-
t\mn shp-nfn Fs\ Bsf-n-cn--
dnbpw? CsXmw a\p- j ysc `b- s - S pn
{InkvXym-\n-I-fm-m-\p AS-hm-Wv. A-
cpsS \mn \S-pw. Chn-sSbo Bcym-h-
n \S-p-I-bn-.
112 IpXn-c--S-bpsS kwJy ]Xn-\m-bncw aSv Ccp-]-Xn-
\m-bncw Fp Rm tIp (9 16)
kao: C{Xbpw IpXn-c-I kzK-n
FhnsS ]mpw, FhnsS tabpw. FhnsS \nv
NmW-I-anSpw? Fsmcp ZpK--am-bn-cnpw
B kzK-n? Ccw kzKw, Cuiz-c,
aXw Fn-h-tbmSv R Bcy-h-m
hnS ]d-n-cn-p-p. Cu ZpcnXw Cuiz-c
{]km-Znv {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Xe-bn\np
Hgn-hm-bm Gsd \v.
113. _e-hm-\mb asmcp ZqX kzK-n \nn-d-p-
Xp Rm Ip. Ah taLw DSppw BIm-i-hnp
[cnpw apJw kqcy-s\-tm-sebpw Im Xoq-Wp-t]m-
sebpw D-h........ Ah he-m kap-{Z-n-tepw
CS-m `qan-taepw hp. (10, 12)
kao:- ]pcm-W--fn-setbm sFXn-ly--fn-
setbm IY-I-sf-m sa-amtWm Cu ZqX-
m-cpsS IY-I-sfp t\mp-I.
114. ]ns ZWvUp-t]m-ep Hcp tIm Fs In
Inn Iev]-\-e-`n-Xp: \o Fgp-tp ssZh-ns Be-
b-sbpw tbmK-]o-T-sbpw AXn \a-kvI-cn-p--
h-tcbpw Af-p-I. (11. 1)
kao: ChnsS am{Xtam! {InkvXym-\n-I
kz-nepw -tZ-hm-e-b-fpmp-Ibpw Af-
381
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
p- I bpw sNp- p. sImmw. Ah- c psS
kzKw t]mse Xs-bmWv Cu {]kvXm-h-
fpw, Ip_m-\-bn tbip-hns ico-cmw-i-
-fmb chpw amwkhpw Fp k-ev]nv
`n- pp! ]n- b n Ipcnipw apw
Dmnhv B hn{K-l-sf Bcm-[n-p-p.
115 Atm kz-nse ssZhm-ebw Xpd-p. Ahs
\nb-as
- -Iw Ahs Be-b
- n {]Xy-a- m-bn. (11.19)
kao:- kzK-nse ]n h-tmgpw am{Xw
Xpd- p- - X m- h mw. ssZh- n\p ]ntbm?
thtZm- - a mb ]c- a m- fl mhv kh- h ym- ] -
I\mIbm Be-b-n IqSn-n-S-p-I-bn.
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ssZhw kmIm-c-\m-I-bm
kzK-nepw `qan-bnepw Hcp-t]mse! ChnsS
aWn-b-Snbpw Iml-f-aqpw \S-pw-t]mse
kzK-nepw! \nb-a-ns s]Iw {InkvXym-
\n-I h-tmgpw ImWp-p-mImw. AXns
D]-tbm-K-sa-s--dn-hn-. -C-sXmw a\p-jysc
{]tem-`n-n-m sImmw.
116. kz-n hen-sbmcp AS-bmfw ImWm-bn. kqcys\
AWn-sm-cp kv{Xo. Ah-fpsS Imevogv N{\pw Ah-
fpsS Xebn ]{v \-{Xw-sIm-p Inco-Shpw
Dm-bn-cp-p. Ah K`n-Wn-bmbn t\mhp-Inn thZ\-
sp \ne-hn-fn-p. kz-n asmcp AS-bmfw ImWm-
bn. Ggp-X-ebpw ]p-sImpw Xe-bn Ggp-cm-P-ap-Sn-
bp-ambn Xo\n-da
- ptmcp alm-kw. AXns hm BIm-
i-nse \{Xfn aqn-sem-ns\ hen-p-Iqn `qan-
bn-te-s-dn-p If-p. (12. 14)
kao: Af-h ]pfp tIp-I. Ch-cpsS
kzK-nepw ]mhw kv{Xo \nehnfnp-p.
Ah-fpsS ZpxJw tImt\m Xomt\m
Bcp-an-. \-{X--fpsS apn-sem-ns\ `qan-
bn-tep Xn-s-dn-n-p-hm B s]cp-m-
n hm F{X hep-Xm-bn-cn-W - w? `qan F{X
sNdp-Xv! \-{X- F{X hepXv! Cu `qan-
bn Hcp \{Xw t]mepw sImp-I-bn-.
\-{X--fpsS aqn-semp hosWp ]d-
bpbmfns hon-emhmw AXp hoW-sXp
am\n--Ww. \-{X--fpsS aqn-sem-ns\
Npcp-n-qn `qan-bn hogvnb s]cp-mv
CsX-gp-Xnb Bfns hon-e-msX Fhn-sS-
bmhmw ]mn-cp-Xv?
117 ]ns kz-n bpw Dm-bn. anJm-tbepw
Ahs ZqX-mcpw alm k-tmSp ]S-shn. (12.7)
kao: {InkvXym-\n-If
- psS kzK-n sNp-
-h bp-ns ZpcnXw A\p-`-hn--W-am-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
bn-cn-mw. Ccw kzK-n-t\mSv Bi-sh-
Snv hnS-]-d-p-sIm-pI. imn`wKhpw
el-fbpw DnSw {InkvXym-\n-ImWv tNcp-
Xv?
118 `qX-es apgp-h sXnpIf-bp ]nimNpw
kmm\pw F alm k-amb ]gb ]mns\ `qan-
bn-tep Xn--f-p. (12.9)
kao: sNIp-m kzK-n-em-bn-cp--
tm Bfp-Isf hgn sXnncpnt? Ahs\
Fp-sImv Poh-]-cyw XS-hn-em-p-Itbm
sImp-Itbm sNbvXn-. Fn\hs\ `qan-bn-
te--bp? temI-s-sbmw sNIp-m-\mWv
hgn-sX-n-p--sX-n sNIp-ms\ Bcp
hgnsX-n-pp? kzbw hgn-sX-p-s-n ap-
-hpw kzbw hgn-sX-m-hp--Xm-Wv. sNIp-
m thW-sa-n-. ssZh-am-Wv AXp-sN-p-
-sX-n B ssZhw ssZh-a-. {InkvXy
ssZhw sNIp-ms\ `b-s-Sp-sp tXmp-
p. Fs-m ssZh-n\p sNIp-m--t\-
m in- b p- s - n sXp- s N- p-
tms ]nSnIqSn inn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
PK-n sNIp-m-\p--Xns Bbn-c-n-
sem-cwiw cmPyw t]mepw {InkvXy ssZh-
n-\n-. AXn-\m-emhmw ssZhn\p sNIp-
ms\ AI-m-\m-hm-X - v. Cs {InkvXym-
\n- I - f mb `c- W m- [ n- ] - m I- s \bpw
sImmc-s\bpw thKw ]nSn-IqSn inn-pw-
t]mse ssZh-n\p Ign-bp-n-. ]ns GXp
_pn- l o- \ - \ mWv sshZn- I - [ aw shSnv
kmc-lo-\-amb {InkvXp-aXw kzo-I-cn-p-Xv?
119 `qanbvpw kap-{Z-n\pw Atm IjvSw; ]nimNp
X\np Aev]-Im-e-ta-bpq Fp Adnp alm-t{Im-
[-tmsS \n-fpsS ASp- Cd-n-h-n-cn-p-p.
(12.12)
kao: ssZhw Ah-bpsS c-I\pw A[n-]-
\p-at? `qan, a\p-jym-Zn-Po-hn-I apX-em-hb
- psS
c- I \pw A[n- ] - \ p- a t? `qan- b psS
A[n]s\n- e p- a m- s W- n sNIp- ms\
FpsImv h[n- p- I - f - n? Cuiz- c
t\mn- b n- c ns sNIp- m hgn- s X- n- p-
sImv hne-kpp! Fnpw Ahs\ Hgn-hm-
p-n-. Hcp \ ssZhhpw ZpjvS\pw kaY-
\p-amb asmcp ssZhhpw Dsp tXmp-p.
120. \mev]-n-c-p-amkw {]hn-m A[n-Im-chpw
e`n-p. AXp ssZh-ns \ma-sbpw Ahs IqSm-c-
sbpw kzK-n hkn-p-h - t- cbpw Zpjn-m ssZh-
382
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Zq-j-W-n-mbn hmbvXp-dp hnip--m-tcmSp bpw
sNbvXp. Ahsc Pbn-m\pw AXnp A[n-Imcw e`np;
kIe tKm{X-n-tepw hwi-n-tepw `mj-taepw PmXn-
taepw A[n-Im-chpw e`n-p.
kao: temIsc hgn-sX-n-m sNIp-m-
s\bpw Pp--tfbpw Ab-bvp-I, \ a\p-
jytcmSp bpw sNn-p-I, CsXmw Ih-
m-cpsSbpw amS- n-am-c p-t Sbpw ]Wn- bt?
CsXmpw Cuiz-c-stbm `-m-cp-tStbm
]Wn-b-.
121. ]ns Rm kotbm ae-bn IpmSpw Ah-t\m-
Sp-IqsS s\n-bn Ahs \mahpw ]nXm-hns \mahpw
Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p \qn-\m-ev]-n-\m-em-bncw t]cpw \ne-
\n-ev-p-Xp Ip. (41.1)
kao: t\mq! {InkvXp-hns ]nXm-hmb
ssZhw ]mp kotbm ae-bn aI\pw
]mp-p-v. Cu \qn-\m-ev]-n-\m-em-bncw
t]sc FnbsX-n\v? Hcpen\mev] - n-
\m- e m- b ncw t]cmtWm kzK- h m- k n- I ?
tijn tImSm-\p-tImSn {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS
s\n-bn ap{ZIp-s-nt? Ah-scmw \c-
I-n t]mtbm? kntbm ae-ap-I-fn sNv
ssZhhpw ssZh- ns ssk\yhpw
AhnsSbptm Fp {InkvXym-\n-I t\m-
Ww. Ds-n Cu teJ\w icn. Cs-n
sXv. h-bn-S-p-\npw AhnsS h-Xm-sW-
n, Fhn-Spp hp? kzK-p-\np h-
Xm-sW-n Ah ]n-I-fmtWm taIogv
]dp ]m? Cs\ t]mp-h-c-hp-Im-cm-W-
h-sc-n ssZhw Hcp Pn-bpsS \ymbm-[n-]\p
ka-\mbn. Fn aqmep t]cp-m-bmepw
t]mcm, IpdXv Hcp `qtKm- f - n\v Hcp
ssZhw-hoXw thWw. At\Iw {_m-WvU--
fn Hnv Npn-b-Snv \ymbw sNbvhm Hcm-
fn\p Ign-bp--X-.
122. AtX, Ah X-fpsS {]b-Xv\--fn \np hn{i-
an-t--Xm-Ip-p. Ah-cpsS {]hrn Ahsc ]np-S-cp-
p Fp Bflmhp ]d-bp-p.
kao: Iaw ]np-S-cpp Fv {InkvXym-
\n-I-fpsS ssZhw ]d-bp-Xp tIp-I. CXn-
\Yw Ia-n-\-\p-k-cnv Fm-hpw ^ew
\evI-s-Sp-sa--Xm-Wv. Ch ]d-bp--tXm,
tbip ]m]w ssIsImv an-p-sapw.
ChnsS _pn-am-m Hp Nnn-W - w. ssZhw
]-d-bptXm Ch ]d-bp-tXm t\cv? cn-
semt t\cm- b n- c n- q. atXp I- a m- W v .
kXym-{]-Im-iw
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ssZhtam. Ahtcm? Bcm-
bm \ap-sv? Ct?
123. `qan-bnse apn-cn-pe Adp-p, ssZh--tIm-]-ns
henb Nn Cp. Np \K-c-n\p ]pdp hp
saXn-p. Nn \np cw IpXn-c-I-fpsS ISn-hm-f--
tfmfw s]mn Ccp-\qdp \mgnI Zqc-tmfw Hgp-In.
(14.19.20)
kao: Cu ]pfp-]-d-n ]pcm-W--tf-m
IqSp-X-et? {InkvXy ssZhw tIm]n-p-
tm IpWv U w \nd- b p- p. tIm]w Pe-
amtWm? AtXm ap- h {Zmh- I tam? \qdp-
tImiw cw {]h-ln-p-Xv Akw-`-hy-am-Wv.
Fs-m hmbp Gm-ep-St\ cw I-
bmhpw. ]ns-s\mgpIpw? CsXmw anYy-X-
s.
124. CXns tijw kzK-nse kmy-Iq-Sm-c-amb
ssZhm-ebw Xpd-Xp Rm Ip. (15.5)
kao: {InkvXym-\n-If
- psS ssZhw kh--
\m-bn-cpsn kmn-I-sf-n\v? X\nsb
Fmw Adn-bm-a-tm. AXn-\m Cu ssZhw
kh\- s p sXfn- b p- p. a\p-
jys\tmse Aev]--\m-sW-n Cuiz-
co-b-am-b-sXmpw sNm-\m-hn-. Ct-bn-. Cu
{]I-c-W-n ZqX-m-sc-n Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-
-sXm-pta kXy-n\p \nc-p--X-. F{X-
I-s-gp-Xm? \ndsb Ccw A_---fm-
Wv.
125 Ah-fpsS AIrXyw ssZhw Hmn-p-ap-p. Ah
\np sNbvX-Xp-t]mse \n Ahp ]Icw
sNbv h n. Ah- f psS {]hr- n- I p X- h w
Ahp Cc-np sImSp-n. (18.5-6)
kao:- Cu ssZhw {]Xy--n Xs
A\ym-b-Im-cn-bm-Wv. Fs-m, \ymb-sap
]d-bp--Xv Fs\ F{X-Iaw sNbvXpthm
AXn\v As\ A{Xbpw ^ew \evIp--Xm-
Wv. A[n-Itam Ipdthm sImSp-p-Xv A\ym-
b-am-Wv. A\ym-b-Im-cnsb D]m-kn-p--hcpw
A\ym-m-cm-hp--XnseXv`pXw?
126. Ipm- S ns IeymWw hp- h - s m. Ahs
Imbpw Xsm Hcp-n-bn-cn-p-p. (19-9)
kao:- tImepw! {InkvXy kzK-n
Iym-Whpw \S-p-p. tbip-hns hnhmlw
ssZhw A-hn-sS-bm-Wt{X \S-n-b-Xv. iziz-
c\pw, kyme\pw Am-bn-b-bpw apw Ascm-
s-bm-sWp tNmZn--Ww. ]nt-sc-{X-bp-
383
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
mbn? hocy-\m-i-m _e, _pn, ]cm-{I-
am-bp--I bnv tbip CXn-Iw AhnsS
ico-c-XymKw sNbvXp ImW-W-atm? Fs-
m kwtbm-K-P-\y-am-b-Xn\p hntbm-Khpw `-
hn--Ww. CXp hscbpw {InkvXym-\n-I
hnizm-k-n NXn--s-n-cn-p-p. F{X-
\m CXp XpScpw Fp t\mn-m-Wmw.
127. Ah ]nimNpw kmm\pw Fp ]gb ]m--mb
alm-ks ]nSnp Bbncw Btp N-e-bn-p.
Bbncw Bp Ign-bp-thmfw PmXn-Isf hn-m-Xn-cn-
m Ahs\ AKm-[ - n Xn-bnp AsSp]qp-Ibpw
aosX ap{Z-bn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. (20.2-3)
kao: hfsc {]bm-k-sv sNIp-ms\
]nSn-p. \qdp-\q-m-tv _-\-n-emn.
AXp Ign-bp-tm tamNnv hgn-sX-n-m XpS-
p-I-bnt? Ccw ZpjvS-msc ]nSn-IqSn
Fpw XS-hn hbvtbm sImp If-bp-
Itbm sNt- - X m- b n- c p- p. Fm Cu
sNIp- m kev ] w {Inkv X ym- \ n- I - f psS
hn{`aw am{X-am-Wv. hmkvX-h-n-en-m CXv
Bfp-Isf `b-s-Spn he-bn-em-m-\p-m-
nb t]n-Sn-bm-Wv. ]mh-s--hsc ]nSn-IqSn
GIm e-p-sIm-p-sNv NXp`p-P-\m-
cm- b - W - t hjw sIn- b - h s\ Imn "CXm
\nevpp `K-hm C\n I-S-bvp-I. ]d-
nt Xpd-m-hq. Asn Ip-s]mpw'
C- s \ I- S - npw Xpd- npw `K- h ms\
Imp k{-Zm-b-am-Wn-Xpw. Ccw aX-m-
cpsS {]hrn C-s\-bm-Wv. R-fpsS aXw
hnizm-kn-m--h sNIp-m ]nSn--h-cmWv
Fsmw Ah ]d-bpw. Ch-cpsS amb-bn
s]p-Iq-SmXmWv.
128. Ahs kn-[n-bn \np `qanbpw BIm-ihpw
HmSn-tm-bn. Ah-sb-]ns In-. acn--h B_m-e-
hrw knwlm-k-\-n apn \nevp-Xpw Ip;
]pkvX-I- Xpd-p; Pohs ]pkvXIw F asmcp
]pkvXI - hpw Xpdp; ]pkvXI-
- n Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-X
H-hw acn--hp Ah-cpsS {]hr-n-I-Sp
\ymb-hn[n Dmbn (20,11,12)
kao: Ipn-fn Ipthm? BIm-ihpw
`qanbpw Fs\ HmSpw? Ah FhnsS \ne-
sImpw? BcpsS apn\n-tmSpw? Ahs
knwlm-k-\hpw Ah\pw Fhn-sS-\np? N-
hsc ssZh-n\p apn \nn-b-tm
ssZhw Ccn-p-I-bm-bn-cptm \nevp-I-bm-bn-
cptm? Cu It-cnbpw I-hS- hpw Fmw IW-
n]Sn Cuiz-c \Sp-XmtWm? Pohn-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
I- f p- s S- s bmw hrmw ssZhtam Kpa-
kvXt\m Fgp-Xn-bXv? Ccw hW\Ifm
{InkvXp-a-X-mcpw apw Cuiz-cs\ Cuiz-c-\-
m-Xmn; Cuiz-c\m-Xns\ Cuzc\pamn!
129 Hcp- hp FtmSp: hcn-I, Ipm-Sns Im-
bmb aW-hm-nsb ImWn-p-Xcmw Fp ]d-p. (20-9)
kao: tbip kzK-n \ aW-hm-nsb
{]m]nv kpJn--bm-hmw. AhnsS sNp
{InkvXym-\n-Ipw aW-hm-nsb Inp-am-bn-cn-
mw. k-Xn-I-fp-m-Ip-p-ap-m-Imw. P\-s-
cp--ap-mbn, tcmK-ap-mbpw apw NmIp-p-ap-
m-Imw. Ccw kzKs sXmSm-sXm-gn-bp-
-XmWp \v.
130 Af-hp-tIm sImp Ah \K-cs Af-p.
Bbn-c - n-\qdp \mgnI Ip. AXns \ofhpw hoXnbpw
Db-chpw kaw Xt. AXns aXn Af-p. a\p-jys
Af-hnp Fp hm ZqXs Af-hn-p-X-t. \qn-
\m-ev]- n-\mep apgw Dm-bn-cp-p. aXn-ens ]Wn kqcy-
Im-hpw \Kcw kz kv]Sn-I - n-s\m Xhpw Bbn-
cp-p. \K-c-a-Xn-ens ASn-m-\- kIe cXv\-hpw-
sImv Ae--cn-n-cn-p-p. Hmw ASn-m\w kqcy-
Im- w, cm- a - t Xp \oe- c Xv \ w, aqm- a - t Xp
amWnIyw, \mem-a-tXp ac-XIw. Am-a-tXp \J-
hn, Bdm-a-tXp NpI-p-I-v, Ggm-a-tXp ]oX-c-
Xv\w, Fm-a-tXp tKmta-ZIw, H-Xm-a-tXp ]pjy-
cm-Kw, ]m-a-tXp sshUq-cyw, ]Xn-s\m-m-a-tXp
]fl-cmKw, ]{-m-a-tXp kpK-n-c-Xv\w. ]{-p-
tKm-]p-chpw ]{-p-ap-p. Hmtcm tKm]pcw Hmtcm app-
sIm-p-Xpw \K-c-ns hoYn kz-kv^-Sn-I-np
Xpey-amb Xhpw Bbn-cp-p. (21,16-21)
kao: {Inkv X ym- \ n- I - f psS kzK- h \
tIm-epw- {InkvXym\n-I acn-p-sNv AhnsS
P\n-p ]w Cu henb \K-c-nepw
Ah sImp-I-bn-. ChnsS a\p-jy hp-
sIm-t-bn-cn-p-p. Bcpw t]mIp--tX-bn-
C{X-tbsd hne-]n-Sn-p cXv\--fm-ep-m-
nb kzW-J-Nn-X-amb ]-W-sa-smw ]d-
bp-Xv shdptX km[m-c-W-msc BIjn-
- n\p
m-\m-Wv. \K-c-ns hoXnbpw \ofhpw Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-p-Xv icn-bm-Imw. ]t Dbcw icn-
bm-hp-I-bn-. shdpw `mh-\-bm-W-Xv. C{X henb
app-I Fhn-sS-\np Inpw? teJ-\-sa-gp-Xn-
b-bm-fns hon \np Ipgn-s-Sp--Xmhpw!
Cu ]pfp ]pcm-W--fn-te-Xns Cc-n-bmWv!
131 Aip--ambXp bmsXmpw t-Xbpw t`mjvIpw
{]hn-p--h Bcpw AXn IS--bn (21, 27)
kao: C-s\-bm-sW-n ]m]npw kzK-
cm-Py-n {]th-i\
- a
- p-sv {InkvXym-\n-I
384
 ]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw
Fn\p ]d-bpp? CXp icn-b. C-s\-bm-
sW-n kz]v\-n-se--hw anYym-h-N-\-
]d-bp tbml-m\pw Hcn-epw kzK-
n IS-p-I-bn-. tbiphpw ISp ImWp-
I-bn-. Hbvv Hcp ]m]nbvv kzK-n
IS-m-\m-hp-Ib
- n-s-n At\Iw ]m]n-If
- psS
]m]w Npa- p {Inkv X p Fs\ {]th-
inpw?
132 bmsXmcp im]hpw C\n Dm-Ib - n-. ssZh-n-sbpw
Ipm-Snsbpw knwlm-k\w AXn Ccn-pw. Ahs
Zmk-m Ahs\ Bcm-[n-pw. Ah Ahs apJw
ImWpw. Ahs \maw Ah-cpsS s\n-bn Ccnpw.
C\n cm{Xn Dm-I-bn-. ssZh-h-amb Imhv Ah-
cpsS ta {]I-in-p-X
- p-sImp hnf-ns shfn-tam
kqcy-s shfn-tam Ahp Bh-iy-an-. Ah
Ftp cmPm--m-cmbncnpw. (22,3-5)
kao: t\mq! {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS kzK-
hmkw t\mpI! ssZhhpw tbiphpw kZm
knwlm-k-\-n-en-cn-ptam? Ah-cpsS Zmk-
m Ftmgpw ap]n apJw ImWnp
\nevptam? Cu ssZh-ns apJw bqtdm-p-
Im- c - t - X p- t ]m- s etbm B{^n- - t - X p- t ]m-
setbm? AtXm ap tZi- m- c p- t SXp
t]msetbm? \n-fpsS Cu kzKw _-\am-
Wv. Fs-m CXn hep-s - -dp-a - p-v. Hcp
]-W-n Ch-scmw ]mm ZpxJ-ap-m-
hnt? apJ-ap ssZhw kh-\ - mb kt-
iz-c-\--X-s.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
133 CXm Rm thKw hcpp; Hmtcm-cpp Ah-\-
hs {]hrnpX-h - w sImSp-m {]Xn-^ew Fs
] Dp. (22.12)
kao: Ia-n-\p-X ^ew Inp-sa-m-sW-
n ]m]-n\p a-bn--Xs. an-p-sa-
n ]qhm-]-c-hn-cp--ambn. Npg-en-tcm-Kn-sb-
tm-em-bn. Acw Ak-Xy- AwKo-I-cn-
m-hp--X-. XymPy-am-Wv.
F{X- I - s - g p- X m- \ m- W v . ss__n- f n- s e
Htsd Imcy-fpw XymPyhpw JWvU-\o-b-hp-
am-Wv. Ipd-p-am{Xw t]cn\v FgpXnsb-t-bp-
q. _pn-am-mv Htsd CXn\np {Kln-
mw. Ipd-sm-gnsI asmw Iw Xs-bm-
WXn. I-n-t\mSp tN kXyw Aip-
-am-bn-cn-p--Xn-\m ss__n kzoIm-cy-
amb [a-{Ka. thZ-sf kzoI-cn-mte
kXyw shfn-hm-Iq.
(C-{Xbpw ss__n-fn-s\-n kzev]-sa-gpXn,
_pn-am-m-cpsS apn Gsd Ggp-Xn-h-bvp-
Xv A\m-h-iy-am-Wv. C\n apkam-m-cpsS
aX-s-n Fgp-Xp--Xm-Wv.)
{ioa--bm-\--k-c-kzXn kzman-I cNn
kXymY{]-Im-i-n-se,
{InkvXpaX hnjbsf
JWvU-\a-WvU\w sNp
]Xn-aqmw kap-mkw Ign-p.
385
 A\p`qanI \mev
Cu ]Xn-\memw kap-m-k - n apkam-
m-cpsS aX-hn-j-b- Fgp-Xnbncnp-Xv
Jp- B s\ Bkv]- Z - a mnbmWv. ap
{Ksf1 Bkv]-Z-am-n-b-. apkam-
m JpB\n-em-Wtm ]qW-ambpw hniz-
kn-p--Xv.
GXm\pw Nne hmp-I-fpsS AYs-
nbpw ap-a-msX JpBs\-n hnhm-Z-sam-
p-an-. JpB Ad-_n-`m-j-bn-em-Wv. aue-
hn-am DZphn AXn-Yw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v.
B Aw tZh-\m-K-cn-en-]n-bn-em-n-v,
lnn-`m-j-bn A-a-gp-Xnv, {]ikvX
Ad- _ n- h n- Z zm- mscsmv ]cn- t im- [ n- n-
mWv ChnsS Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xv. Aw
icn-bm-bn Fmm\pw A`n-{]m-b-ap
]w aue-hn-am-cpsS X-a-Isf Ah
JWvU\w sNs. ]ns CXn-s\-n Fgp-
Xn-bm aXn.
Fs-m Cu teJ\w a\p-jy-cpsS
D-Xnbvpw kXym-kXy \nWbn\pw
thn-bmWv Fgp-Xp-Xv. Fm aX--sf--
nbpw Aev]mev]w Adnhv thWw
Fw. a\p-jyp ]c-kv]cw hnNm-cW
hn\n-a-b-n--h-kcw Ins. ]c-kv]cw
tZmj-J-WvU\w sNbvXv KpWw {Kln-p-am-
dm-Is A\y-a-X-n-ttem Cu aX-n-
ttem hrYm \Xpw XobXpw Btcm-]n-
np IY-bn-. \Xp \-Xmbpw XobXv
Xob-Xmbpw Ghpw t_m[n-s Bcpw
BcpsS taepw Iw {]N- c n- n- tbm
kXys \ntcm-[n-p-Itbm sNm-Xn-cn--
1. lZokv apX-em-b-h-b-sp Xmev]-cyw. lZokv Nne
apo-sf AwKo-I-cn-p-p-p.
s. kXym- k - X y- shfn- h m- n- b mepw
CjvS-ap--h kzoI-cn-tbm kzoI-cn-m-Xn-
cn-p-Itbm sNs. BtcmSpw _em-XvImcw
th.
Xsbpw A\y-sbpw tZmj-sf tZmj-
ambpw KpW-sf A-s\bpw Iv tZmj-
sf XyPnv, KpW-sf kzoI-cn--Ww.
Zpcm-{K-ln-If- psS imTyhpw Zpcm-{K-lhpw Cm-
Xm--Ww. ]-]mXw temI-n-ep-m-n-
bnpXpw Dm-p--Xp-amb Zpcn-X-fpw
A\Y-fpw Nn-d-b-. Cu A\n-n-Xhpw
W-`w-Kp-c-hp-amb Pohn-X-n ]c-lm\n
sNbvXp em`-ap-m-p--Xn \np kzbw
amdn \nevp-Xpw A\ysc amn\np-
Xpw a\p-jy-Xz-n\p amt-p--Xm-W-tm.
CXn hncp--ambn Fgp-Xnbnp--sX-
sv hnZzm-m Adnv s]cp-am-dW - w. DNn-
X-am-b-Xns\ kzoI-cn--Ww. Fs-m
imTyw, Zpcm-{K-lw, Cujy, tZzjw, hmZ-hn-
hm-Z
- , hntcm-[ - Fn-hsb Ipd-bvm-
\m-Wv, Iqm-\-, Cu teJ\w Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
p--Xv. ]c-kv]c lm\n-bn\nsm-gn-v,
]c-kv]c - e
- m`w hcp-p-X- mWv \psS apJy
I-hyw.
Cu ]Xn- memw kap- m- k - n
apkm- c psS aX- s - n Fgp- X mw. 2
t\mn Cjv S - a m- b Xp {Klnv A\n- j v S -
ambXns\ X-Ww.
_pnamm-tcm-Sn-Xn-tesd Fp ]d-bp-hm!
2. kn.-F. Al-Zv aue-hn-bpsS Jpdm ae-bmf XP-
a-bmWv ChnsS kzoI-cn-n-p--Xv. (1973 se F.--_n.-
F-kv. ]Xn-v) Aw hy-am-p--Xn\v Nnte-S-
-fn {_m-n auehn sImSp-n-p `mK-
Cu ]pkvXI -
- n Hgn-hm-n-bn-p-v. (]-cn-`m-jI
- )
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
kXym-{]-Imiw
Ckvfmw aX-hn-jbw
C\n bh-\-aX hnjbw hymJym-\nmw
apkam-m-cpsS aX-s-n C\n Fgp-
Xmw:
1. Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\p-amb Am-lp-hns
\ma-n (B-cw-`n-p-p)(`mKw 1. A[ymbw 1. hN\w
1)
kaoI:- apkamm ]d-bp--Xv, Jp
B ssZh- n- t - X m- s W- - t {X, Fm
amtcm BWv CXp \nn--sXv Cu hN-\-
n \np hy-am-Ip-p. ssZh-ap-m-n-
b-Xm-sW-n Am-lp-hns \ma-n Bcw-
`n-pp Fp ]d-bp-I-bn-m-bn-cp-p. "Bcw-`-
nse a\p-jyv D]-tZ-i-n\v' Ft ]d-
bp-am-bn-cp-p-p. a\p-jyv inWw \evIp-
p, \n-fn-s\ ]d-bp-Is - bv Fm-bmepw
icn-b-. Fs-m ]m]-ns Bcw-`hpw
ssZh-\m-a-tmSp tNv Zqjn-X-am-Ipw. Ah
Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\p-am-sW-n
Xs krjvSn-bn, a\p-jyv kpJ-n-\p-
thn A\y-Po-hn-Isf Zmcp-W-amb ]oU-tb-
ev ] nv sImv amwkw Xnp- s Im- m
A\p \evIn-b-sX-n\v? Ah \nc-]-cm-[n-
Ifpw ssZh krjvSn-Ifpw At? ssZh-\m-a-
n \- X ns Bcw- ` w, No- b p- s S- b
FmWp ]d-bp-sX-n AXn Dcp-p-I-
fn-bp-v. Ihpw NXnbpw Ak-Xy-`m-j-Wm-Zn-
Ifpw apw ssZh-\m-a - n XpS-ptam? CXn
\nm-hptam Iim-p-Im-c ]ip-hn-sbpw apw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
14
Igpp apdn-p-tm "_nkvan-mlv' F
hN\w sNmp-Xv? ta]-d--XmWv AY-
sa-n No-m-cy- apkam-m ssZh-
\m-a-n XpS-p-p. apow--fpsS ssZhw
Zbm-ep-hp-a-. B arK--tfmSv Zb-bn-m-Xp
Xs; Imc-Ww. apkam-mv Cu hN-\-
ns AYw Adn-bn-s-n Cu hN\w
{]I-S-am-bXv shdp-sX-bm-Wv. apkam-m
thsd AY-amWv ]d-bp--sX-n Fm-Wn-
Xns ip-amb Aw?
2. k- t emI ]cn- ] m- e - I - \ mb Am- l p- h n- s{X
kvtXm{Xw. Icp-Wm-\n[n. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I. (`mKw 1,
A[ymbw 1, hN-\w1, kqw 12)
kaoI:- Jp-B-\nse ssZhw kh-tem-
I-]c- n-]m-eI
- \pw Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpw am-\n-[n-bp-
am-sW-n A\y-a-X--scbpw arK--sfbpw
sImp- s Im- m apo- v A\p
\evIp-am-bn-cp-n-. ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-s\-n
]m]n-I-tfmSpw ]c-a-I-cp-W-Im-ptam? Fn
Im^-dn--fpsS IY Ign-p-I, Jp-B-\nepw
{]hm-N-I-\nepw hniz-kn-m--h Im^-dn--
fm-Wv, Fp ]d-bp--sX-n\v? CXn-\m Jp
B ssZh-Ir-X-a-.
3. {]Xn-^ew \evI-s-Sp Znh-k-ns \mY. \ns
Iev]-\-It R hnt[-b-cmbn Pohn--bp-p.
\ntmSp am{Xta R klm-b-nv At]-n--
bp-p. \o Rp t\amKw ImWnpXtc-W-ta.
(1.1.1.3-5)
kaoI:- Amlp \nXyhpw \ymbw sNp-
387
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
I-bnt? GtXm Hcp Znh-k-amtWm \ymbw
sNp-Xv? CXn-setm Ccp-fn--bp-v. hnt[-
bXzhpw klm-b-am-h-iy-s-Sp-Xpw icn-X-s.
No-m-cy-n\pw klmbw Bh-iy-s-Sptam?
t\amKw apo-an-t-tX-bptm? ap--h-cp-
tS- X - t ? t\amKw kzoI- c n- m- - s X-
smWv? No-bn-tev t\amKw C-tm.
\ Ghpw Hp Xs-n, apo-an\v
hnti-jn-sm-n-. ap--hv \-bn-s-m-
sW-n AXv ]-]m-X-at?
4. AXm-bXv \ns A\p-{K-l-p ]m{X-am-b-h-cpsS
amw. tIm]-n\p ]m{X-am-b-cp-sSbpw hgn-]n-g--h-cp-
sSbpw am-a-. (1.1-1.6 7)
kaoI:- apo- ]qh-P-tam ]qh-
IrX ]pWy-]m-] - tfm AwKo-Ic - nmbvIbm,
Nnesc A\p-{Kl ]m{X-am-p-Xpw Nnesc
Am-Xm-p-Xpw sImv ssZhw ]-]m-Xn-
bm-bn-o-cp-p. ]m]-]p-Wy-f
- n-msX ZpxJtam
kpJtam \evIpXv tIhew A\ymbw Xs.
Imc-W-an-msX Btcm-sS-nepw I\nhp Imp-
tXm t{Im[n-p-tXm ssZh-kz-`m-h-a-.
]qhmPn-X-amb ]pWy-]m-]- Cs-n
Zb- b psStbm t{Im[- n- s tbm {]I- S \w
Akm-[y-am-Wv. Cu hN\w Amlp a\p-jy-
s\-smp ]d-bnsv SnWn In-p-v.
kZm Cs\ ]d-b-W-sapw ]d-bp-p-v.
CXn \nv Ad_nbn A-c-am-e-bmb
Aen^v t_ apX-em-b-hbpw Amlp ]Tn-n--
Xm-sW-t hp-Iq-Sp-Xv? -C-s-n A-
c-m-\-an-msX hN\w Fs\ sNmn?
AtXm ImWmsX ]Tn- npsIm- S ptm ?
Fn Jp-B Cd-n-h--X-, ImWm-mSw
]Tn--Xm-Wv.
GXp-]p-kvX-I-n-emtWm ]-]m-X-ap-Xv
AXv Cuiz-c-Ir-X-a-. Ad-_n-`m-j-bn HmXn-
b-Xp-sImv Ad-_n-Iv ]Tn-m kpK-ahpw
A\yv ITn-\-hp-ambn. CXp-sImv ssZh-
n ]-]mX-tZmw hp-Iq-Sp-p. krjvSn-
bnse kh-am\ tZi-mpw Hcp-t]mse ]cn-
{iaw sImp-am{Xw ]Tn-m Ign-bp Fm-
`m-j-I-fn\npw hne--W-am-b kwkvIr-X-
n ssZhw thZ-m\w ]Ip. AXp-
t]mse sNbvXn-cp-s-n ]-]m-X-tZmjw
hcn-m-bn-cp-p.
5. CXp al-m-sbmcp {K-am-Wv. CXn kwi-b-n-\-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
h-Im-ita C. Pohn-X-n kqva-X-bp--hv
CsXmcp am-Zi-\-a-s{X. (A-h Bsc-m) AZriy
(bm-YmYy)fn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw \a-kvImcw apd-{]-
Imcw A\p- j v T n- p- I bpw \mw Ahp \ev I n- b -
Xn\nv (\-psS am-n) Nne-hg - n-p-Ibpw sNp-
-h. (A-{]-Imcw Xs) \n\v (ap-l--Zv \_n-v)
Ah-X-cn-n-Xpw \n\p apv ]q-{]-hm-N-I-mv)
Ah-Xc - n-n-X
- p-amb kt-i - f
- n hniz-kn-p-Ibpw ]c-
temI (Po-hn-X)-n ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp-
-hcpw Ah X-fpsS cn-Xm-hn- \np am-
Zi-\-n-emWv \ne-sIm-p--Xv. hnPbw {]m]n-p--
hcpw Ah-c-t{X. kXys a\x-]qw \nt-[n--h-cmI-
s, Ahp \o XmoXp \evIm-Xn-cn-p-Xpw ka-am-
Wv. Ah (H-cn-epw) hniz-kn-p-I-bn-. Amlp Ah-
cpsS lrZ-b-pw sNhn-Ipw ap{Z-h-n-cn-p-p.
Ah-cpsS Ip-I-fn-t aqSn-bp-v. Ahv ITn\
in-bm-Wp-X - v. (1.1.2.2-7)
kaoI:- kzbw Xs ]pkvXIns
alzw tLmjn-p-Xv Uw`t? Pohn-X-
n kqvaX - b- p-h- kzbw icn-bmb ]mX-
bn-em-Wv. sXmb ]mX-bn-ep--hv t\h-gn-
Im-m Jp-B\v Ign-bn-s-n ]nn-sX-n-
\p-sImmw? ]m]-]p-Wy-fpw ]cp-jmYhpw
sNmsX, ssZhw Xs JP-\m-hn \np
sNe-hp-sN-m sImSp-ptam? sImSp-p-sa-
nsemhpw Fp- s Imp sImSp- p-
n? apkamm ]cn-{iaw sNp--sX-n-
\mWv? ss__n kphn-ti-jmZn-I-fn hniz-
kn-pXv DNn-X-am-sW-n apo- Fp-
sImv ss__n-fnepw apw hniz-kn-p-n?
hniz-kn-p-s-n Jp-Bs {]tbm-P-\-
sav? Jp-B-\n IqSp-X Imcy Fgp-
Xn-bn-p-s-mWv D-c-sa-n, BZy-]p-kvX-
I-n Fgp-Xm ssZhw ad-p-t]mtbm? a-d-
n-s-n Jp-B D-m-n-bXv \njv{]-tbm-
P- \ - a m- W v . Jp- B \pw ss__nfpw Xn
henb A-ca - n-t. thZstmse Hcp ]q
{Kw Fp-sIm-p-m-n-bn-? \ymb-hn-[n-
\m-fn am{X-a-msX asm-nepw hniz-kn-
t? {Inkv Xym- \ nbpw apoapw am- { Xta
ssZh-ns in-W - - n hcpthm? Ah-cn
]m]n-I-fm-cp-ant? A[an-I-fmb {InkvXym-\n-
Ifpw apofpw c-s-Sp--Ibpw [am-flm--
fmb ap--h c-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-
Xv alm A\ym-bhpw A-Im-c-hp-am-Wv.
apo--fpsS aX-n hnizkn-m--hsc
Im^ Fp hnfn-p-Xv G-I]obamb
_ncp- Z - a t? ssZhw Ax- I - c - W - nepw
388
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
ImXnepw ap{Z-Ip-n-bnpw AXp-sImv ]m]w
sNp-Xv Ah-cpsS tZmj-at? Cu tZmjw
ssZh-n-t-Xm-bn-cns Ah-cn kp-J-Zpx-
Jtam ]m-]-]p-Wytfm hp-Iq-Sm--Xm-Wv.
]ns-n\v ASntev]npp? Fs-m
]m]tam ]pWytam Ah kzX-{-am-b--tm
sNbvXXv.
6. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn Hcp tcmK-ap-v. Fnv (A-h-
cpsS lnX-n-s\-Xn-cmb \S-]S- n-Is
- f-Sp-v) Amlp Ah-
cpsS tcmKw hnn-p-p. (1.1.2.10)
kao: A]-cm[w sNmsX ssZhw Ah-cpsS
tcmKw hn-n-p. Zb-hp-Im-n-bn-. ]mh-
hfsc ZpxJw A\p-`h- n-n-cn-pw-. CXv sNIp-m-
\nepw Ihn ss]im-Nn-IXbt? Nne-cpsS
lrZ-b-n ap-{Z-b-Sn-p-I, -Nn-e-cpsS tcmKw
hn-n-pI CsXmw ssZh-ns ]Wn-b-
. Fs-m tcmKw hn-p-Xv kzw
]m]-m-emWv.
7 \np-thn `qansb Hcp hncnpw B-Im-is
Hcp ta-p-amn krjvSn-p-I-bpw....... (1.1.2.22)
kao: BImiw Fn-ssb-nepw ta-m-
Iptam? CXv Am\at? BIm-i-ns\
ta-mbn I-cp-Xp-Xv lmkym-kv]-Z-am-Wv.
`qan-bpsS Fs-nepw `mK-ambn BIm-is
Icp-X-cpXv.
8. C\n \psS Zmk\v \mw Ah-Xcnnp-sIm-Sp Jp-
B-\n \nv kwi-b-am-Wp--sX-n Xp-ey-
amb Hcp {K-n\nv Hcymbw \n sImp-h-
cnI. Am-lp-hns\ hnp \np klm-bn-Isfbpw
Wn-p-sIm-p-I. \n kXy-hm-Zn-I-fm-sW-n (C-
Xp) \n sNp-n-s-n, sNm \np Ign-
bp-I-bn- a\p-jy-scbpw Ip-I-sfbpw hnd-Imn Pzen-
n-p A-nsb \n- kqn-p-sIm-p-I. kXy-
\n-tj-[n-Ip* thn-bt{X AXv Hcp-n-h-n-cn-p--
Xv. (1.1.2.24)
kao: Xp-ey-amb Hc-[ymbw Dm-p-Xv
henb Imcysamp- a - . AIv_ N- { I-
hnbpsS Imev Ipn-Sm Jp-B
ss^Pn auehn Dm-n-bnt? AsX-pXcw
\c-Im-n-bmWv? Cu Ansb `b-s-tSt?
hogp--sXmw AXn\v C-\-am-Wv. Im^n-dp-
Iv An-sbm-cpn hn-cn-pp Fp
JpB\n ]d-bp--Xp-t]m-sebmWv ]pcm-W-
-fn t-mv tLmc-\-cIw Dm-n-h-
* kXy \ntj[n Im^n F-Xns `mjm-cw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n-cn-p-sp ]d-bp-Xpw. Bcp-]-d-bp--
XmWv t\cv? Ah-c-h-cpsS hm-p-If\pk-cnv
Ccp-hcpw kzK-n t]mIp--h-cm-Wv. ]c-
kv]cw Ipw ]d-bp--X-\p-k-cn-m-sW-n C-
cp-Iq-cpw \c-I-nepw t]mIpw AXn-\m Ccp-
Iq-c
- p-sSbpw FXnn Imcy-sam-p-an-. [an-
jvT-cm-b-h kpJhpw ]m]n-I ZpxJhpw GXp-
a-X-n-em-bmepw A\p-`-hn-pw.
9. kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw kevI- A\p-
jvTn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-hsc ktm-j-hm Adn-bn-p-
I. Ahp-thn Nne-tXm- - f- p-m-bn-cn-pw. Ahv
Ahn-sS-hv Blm-c-ambn Hmtcm ]gw \evIp-tmgpw
""CXp-X-s-bmWv Rv apv \evI-s-n-cp-Xv''
Fv Ah ]d-bpw. ............-A-h-hnsS ]cn-ip--cmb
Nne CW-I-fp-m-bn-cn-pw. (1.1.2.25)
kao: Jp-B-\nse Cu -kzK-n\v temI-
n\nv FmWp hyXymkw? temI-n-
ep--h-X-s-bmWv apo--fpsS kz-n-ep-
Xpw. hyXymkw C{X-tb-bp-q-k - z-nse
BWp- Chn-S-s-tmse P\n-bpw acn-
bpw hcn-Ibpw t]mIp-Ibpw sNp-n-. Chn-
Ss kv{XoI Fpw Pohn-p-n-. Ahn-
Ss CW-I Fpw Pohn-p-p. Ibm-a-n-
s (\ymb-hn-[n-\m)\m hcp--Xp-hsc Ah-
sc-s\ \m Xn-hn-Sp-sav Adn-hn-. JpZm2
Ah-tcmSv Zb-hp-Im-p-p-mhmw. Jp-Zm-bpsS
B{i-a-n \mfp-I Xn-hn-Sp-p-m-hmw.
Fn-eXp icn-X-s. Fs-m Cu apow
kzw tKmIp-et- Km-km-bn-If
- psS tKmtem-Ihpw
A-ehpw t]mse-bm-Wv. AhnsS kv{Xo]p-cp-
j-mv am\y-X-Iq-Sp-X-ep-v. AXp-t]mse
JpZm-bpsS hon kv{XoIp am\y-Xbpw
kvt\lm-Z-chpw IqSpw A{Xbpw ]pcp-j-m-tcm-
Sn. kv{XoIsf JpZm kZm kz-n hn-
cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ]pcp-j-msc Am-Xm-\pw. Cu
kv{XoI JpZm-hns A\p-{K-l-an-msX F-
s\-bmWv kz-n ]mp-Xv? CXp icn-
bm-sW-n JpZm kv{XoPn-X-\t?
10. Amlp BZ-an\p kh-h-kvXp--fp-sSbpw t]cp-I
]Tn-n-p.-]n-oSv B km[-\--sf-sbmw aep-Ip
ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-np ""\n kXy-hm-Zn-I-fm-sW-n
Ch-bpsS t]cp-I FtmSp ]d-bpI Fv Ah Acp-
fn...... BZta! Ah-bpsS \m-a- \o Ahp ]d-p-
sIm-Sp-pI Fv Amlp Iev]n--cp-fn. As\ BZw
Ch-bpsS \ma- ae-p-Ip ]d-p-sIm-Spp Ign-
2. apo- ssZh-n\p ]d-bp asmcp t]cv
389
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
-tm- BIm-i`- q-an-bnse AZr-iyImcy-sfmw F\n-
-dn-hp-s-pw..... Rm \n-tfmSp ]d-n-nt Fv
Amlp ae-p-I-tfmSp I-ev]n--cpfn. (1.1.2.31-33)
kao: Cs\ ae- p- I sf I_- f n- n- nv
Xmt]mcn-a -sh-fn-hm-t Imcyw Am-lp-
hn-\ptm? CsXmcp Uw`m-Wv. hnZzm-m-cn-Xw-
Ko-I-cn-n-. Cs\ Duw sImp-I-bp-an-.
Ccw Imcy- sImmtWm JpZm alXzw
shfn- h m- p- Xv ? A]- c n- j v I r- X n- S - b n
GXp-Xcw A-hn-izm-khpw `wKn-bmbn hne-
tmIpw, k`y-P-\-n-S-bn \S-p-I-bn-.
11. BZ-ans\ \n kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-
p- I . Fp ae- p- I - t fmSp \mw Iev ] n
k`hpw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. Atcw -C-_veo-
kv JpZm-hns B A\p-kc - n-m-Xn-cp-npw
Hpw sNm Ign-n-. t\mp-I, Hcp
Im^n C_veokv JpZmsb ASn-]-d-bn--tm
apo- ]d-bpw-{]-Imcw thsdbpw Htsd
kXy-\n-tj-[n-I Dm-bn-cns Ah-tcmSv
apow-Jp-Zm-hnsbpw apo--fp-sSbpw Fp
s]cp \S-p-sa-mWv? Nne-tm-sgmw ssZhw
Nne-cpsS tcmKw hn-n-p-p. Nne-tm
Nnesc hgn- s X- n- p- p. CsXmw JpZm
C_veokn\np ]Tn--Xm-hmw. C_veokv
JpZm-hn \npw! C_veokn\v JpZm-b-msX
asmcp Bim Dm-hm-\n-S-bn-.
12. BZta! \obpw \ns CWbpw tXm-n Xma-kn-
p- I bpw CXn \n Cn- p- t - S - p- \ nv
btYjvSw Blmcw Ign-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-p-I.
Fm Cu hrs \n kao-]n-p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.
\n A{I-an-I-fm-bn-ocpw Fp \mw Iev]np
Fm ]nimNv Ahsc AXn\np sXnp-Ibpw
Ah cp-t]-scbpw Ah Pohn-n-cp e-p-\nv
]pd--p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. \n Cd-n-sm-bvsm-p-
I \n ]c-kv]cw i{Xp--fm-Ipp; \nv Hcp
\nn-X-Imew htcbvpw `qan-bn hmk-ehpw Pohn-
X-hn-`-h-fpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. ]noSv BZw Xs cn-
Xm-hn- \np Nne Xz- {Klnp. (a-S - n) 1.1.2.35-
37)
kao: JpZm-bpsS Aev]
- X
- t- \m-p-I. kz-
n hkn- p- h m BiohmZw \ev I n;
]nev]w Ignv ]d-bpp Cd-n! Fv.
`hn-jy-n-s\-n Adn-hp-m-bn-cp-s-n
hcw Fn\p \evIn? hgn-sX-n-p C_veo-
kns\ inn-m-Xn-cp-Xv Ign-hn-m-bva-bm-
sWp tXmp-p. B hrw Bp-thn
krjvSn--XmWv? X\n-p-th-ntbm ap--
kXym-{]-Im-iw
hp-th-ntbm? ap--hp-th-nbmsW-
n hne-n-b-sX-n\v? CXn-\m Ccw
Imcy- JpZmbvtm Ah-\p-m-nb {K-
nt\m tN-X-. BZma-tlw ssZh-n
\nv Fsm-s-bmWv ]Tn-p-h-Xv? `qan-bn-
e-tlw hXv F{]-Im-c-amWv? B tXmw
]h- X - n- e m- b n- c ptm? BIm- i - n- e m- b n-
cptm? Ahn-Sp-s-s\ Cd-n-hp? ]n-
tb-tmse ]d-p-htm? AtXm apI-fn\nv
s]mn- h otWm? CXn\npw Hcp- I mcyw
kv]jvS-Ip-p. BZ-ans\ ap-sImmWp-m-
nb- s X- n Ch- c psS kz- nepw
aptm? AhnsS _mn-bp ae-p-Ifpw
apw Ccw ico-c-m-cm-hmw. ap-sIm-p
i-cocw C{n-bt- `m-Kc - l
- n-Xa
- m-hp-Ib
- n-. ap-sIm-
p ico-c-m acntXo-cp. acn-p]w
Ahn-sS-\n-s-tm-p-t]mIpw? arXyp Dm-hp-
I-bn-s-m-sW-n, P\-\hpw Dm-bn-n-.
P-ap-s-n ac-W-hp-ap-v. As\sbn
kz-nse kv{XoI Fm-ehpw AhnsS
Pohn-pp Fv Jp-B-\n Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-
Xv Ak-Xy-am-bn-o-cpw. Fs-m Ahcpw
\n-b-ambpw acn-pw. A-s\-sb-n kz-
n t]mIphcpw acnpsap Xo.
13 Hcp Znhks kqn-p-sIm--p-I. Av Hcmfpw
asm-cmp-th-nbpw bmsXmcp _m[y-Xbpw \nd-th-
p-I-bn-. Bcn\npw Hcp ip]mibpw kzoI-cn--s-
Sp-I-bn. Hcm-fn\npw Hcp {]mb-n-hpw hmp-I-
bn. bmsXmcp klm-bhpw Ahp e`n-p-I-bp-an-.
(1.1.2.48)
kao: Cu \mfp- I sf `bs- t S? No
sNp-hm Fmfpw t]Sn--Ww. in]mi-
tIp-I-bn-s-n {]hm-N-Is kmytam
in]mitbmsImv kzw Inp-sa hN\w
Fs\ kXy-amIpw? JpZm kz-n-ep--h-
sc-b-msX \c-I-n-ep--hsc XpW-bvp-I-
bnt? A- s \- s b- n {]hm- N - I s
kmytam in]mi-tbm-sImv kzw Inp-
sa hN\w Fs\ kXy- a mIpw? JpZm
kz-n-ep--h-sc-b-msX \c-I-n-ep--
hsc XpW- bv p- I - bnt? A- s\- sb- n
JpZm ]-]m-Xn-bm-Wv.
14. aqkmp \mw thZ-{K-hpw thXn-cn-m-\p Ignhpw
\evInb (1.1.2.53)
kao: aqkmbvv thZ-{Kw \evIn-sb-n
390
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Jp-B Dm-bXp shdp-sX-bm-Wv. aqkmbvv
(tam-i) Ap-X-in \evIn-sbp ss__n-
fnepw Jp-B-\nepw Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. ]t CXv
AwKo-I-cn-m-hp--X-. Fs-m As\
Ap sNbvsX-n Cpw sN-Ww. Ctm-
gn-m-Xv ]pw C. kzmn-I Cpw
Adn-hnmh-cpsS apn hn-cmbn \Sn-
p--Xp-t]mse Apw Im]Syw ImWn-n-cn-
-Ww. JpZmbpw tkh-Icpw Cp-ap--tm.
]ns- mWv AZv ` p- X - i n Imm- Xpw
sNm-Xpw? aqkmbvv thZ-{Kw \evIn-
sb-n hopw Jp-B Fn\p \evIn?
\Xpw Nobpw sNm\pw s - N-m-Xn-cn-m\pw
D]-tZ-in-p-Xv kh{X Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Ib - m
hopw hopw hn`n ]pkvX-I--fp-m-p-
Xv ]p\-cp-n-tZm-j-am-Wv. aqkbvpw apw
\evInb ]pkvX-I-n ssZhw h-sXpw ]d-
n-cptm?
15 \n-fpsS ]m]- \mw s]mdp-p-Xcpw. kpIrXw
sNbvXh- t- cmSp \mw IqSp-X- HuZmcyw ImWn-p-IX
- s
sNpw (1.1.2.58)
kao: JpZm-bpsS Cu D]-tZiw Fm-h-tcbpw
]m]n-I-fm-p--Xt? ]m]w s]mdp-p Hcp
B{i-b-tI-{-ap-m-bm a\p-jy-cmcpw ]ns
]m]s `b- s - S p- I - b n- . A- X n- \ m
Cs\]d-bp-Xv JpZm-tbm CXv JpZm Dm-
nb ]pkvX-Itam A. Fs-m Ah
\ymbIm-cn-bm-Wv. ]m]w an-p-tm A\ym-
b-Im-cn-bmIpw. Ip-n\p X-hw in-\-
evIn-bmte \ymb-Im-cn-bm-hq.
16. aqkm Xs P\-X-bvp-thn shw Bh-iy-s
k`hpw kvac-Wo-b-a-s{X. Atm \ns hSn-sImv
]md-bn-t ASn-pI Fp \mw Acp-fn. Atcw
]{v Dd-hp-I AXn\np s]mn-sbm-enp. (1.1.2.60)
kao: t\mq Akw-`-hy-amb Ccw Imcy-
thdm-cm\pw ]d-bptam? Hcp In hSn-
sImSnm ]{-p-dh Hcn-epw Dm-hp-
I-bn-. B ]mdbvIw s]m-bmn shw
\ndv ]{v Zzmc-an-m am{Xta Cs\
shw Hgp-Iq.
17 \n \ny-cmb Ipcmcm-bn-o-cpI Fv
Atcw \mw Ah-tcmSp Iev]n-p. As\ B kw-
`hw Ap-h - pw ]nevIm-e
- f
- n hcp-h
- pw \mw
Hcp ]mT-am-n-h-p. kqvaXbp--hv Hcp XtXzm-]-
tZ-ihpw. (1.1.2.65-66)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kao:- \ny- c mb Ipc- - m- c m- h p- I - s bv
shdptX t]Sn-n-m ]d--XmtWm? Fn-
eXv anYy-bm-bn. AtXm-I-fn-n-tXm? C-s\-
sbmw ]d- b p- Xv GXm- b mepw JpZmb.
CsXmw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p ]pkvXIw ssZh-
Ir-X-hp-a-.
18. arXn-b-S--hsc Amlp Pohn-n-p-Xv A-s\-
bm- I pp. Ah \np Xs Zrjv S m- -
ImWnp Xcp-Xp \n Nnnp -{K-ln-p-hm-\m-Wv.
(1.1.2.73).
kao: acn- - h sc JpZm Pohn- n- n- c ptm?
Fn Ctm Fp-sImv Pohn-n-p-n?
Ibm-a-ns \mhsc I_-dp-I-fn InS-p-
I-f-bptam? Ctm-g-h XS-hn-emtWm? C{X-sbm-
s- t b- b ptm ssZh- ns IrXn- I ?
`qanbpw kqcy-N-{-mcpw IrXn-I-ft? temI-
n ImW-s-Sp hnh[ cN-\m-hn-ti-j -
ssZh-ns IrXn-I-ft?
19. Ah kz-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cnpw Ah AXn-emWv
imiz-X-ambn \nh-kn-p-I. (1.1.2. 82)
kao: A\--amb ]m]-]p-Wy- sNp-hm
Hcp Poh\pw kmaYy-an-. AXn-\m Fpw
kz-ntem \c-I - ntem Ign-bp-hm km[y-
a- . Cs\ ]mn- p JpZm A\ym- b -
mcpw A-\p-am-bn-o-cnt? Ibm-a-ns
\mfn \ymb-hn-[n-bp-mbm AXv ]m]-]p-
Wy-p \nc-p-X - m-IW
- w. A\-a -
- m--
Xns ^ew Fs\ A\--amIpw? krjvSn-
bp-mbn Gsg-m-bn-cw-hj-sf Bbn-p-
s-mWv Ch ]d-bp--Xv. CXn-\p-ap]v
ssZhw shdp-sX-bn-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cptm? Ibm-
a- n- \ p- t i- j hpw shdp- t X- b n- c n- ptam?
CsXmw Ipn--fn-t]m-en-cn-p-p. Fs-
m Cuiz-cs {]hr-n-I Fpw \S-p-
sIm-n-cn-pw. ]m]-]p-Wy--fpsS Af-h-\p-k-
cnt AXns ^ehpw \evIq. AXn-\m Jp-
B-\n C-d-n-cn-p-Xv t\c-.
20 \n At\ym\yw cw Nnp-I-bn-, kzP-\-sf
Ah-c-h-cpsS hoSp-I-fn \np ]pd--p-I-bp-an Fp
\n-fpsS ] \np \mw Icmdp hmnb k`hpw
kvac-Wo-b-a-t{X. ]noSv \n k-Xnp icn-hp.
\n kmyw hln-p-p-apv. Fn-p-IqSn Iqtc!
\n-fn-Xm ]c-kv]cw sIme sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-p.
\n-fn Hcp hn`m-Ks Ah-cpsS `h-\--fn\np
_ln-jvI-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. (1.1.2.84-85)
kao: {]Xn sNn-p-Xpw sNp-Xpw
391
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Aev]-tcm ]c-am-flmthm? Cuiz-c kh-
-\m-I-bm Aev]--cmb euInI a\p-
jy-sc-tmse Fn\p sNWw? ]c-kv]cw
tNmc-sbm-gp--cp-sXpw kz-msc IpSn-bn-
d--cp-sXpw ]d-bp--Xn-\w ap-a-X-m-
cpsS tNmc Nn-W-sapw Bn-tbm-Sn--W-
sa-p-at? CXp \-Im-cytam? CXv anYybpw
aqV-Xbpw ]-]m-X-hp-am-Wv. {]Xnbvv
hncp--ambn {]hn-p-sav Cuiz-c-\-dn-hn-
m- b n- c ptm? apo- - f psS JpZmbv pw
{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ssZhn\pw kmZriyw
hfsc-bp-sv CXn \np sXfn-bp-p. Jp-
B kzX-{-Ir-Xn-b-. Fs-m CXnse
Ipdp Imcy--sfm-gnsI asmw ss__n-fn
D-Xm-Wv.
21. ]c-tem-Is hnv Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-Xs ]Icw
hmnbhcs{X Ah. AXp-sImv Ah-cpsS in
eLp-I-cn-p-I-bn-. Ahv klmbw e`n-p-I-bpan.
(1.1.2.86)
kao: C-cw- CujymtZz-j- Cuiz-cs
] \np-m-hptam? in eLq-I-cn--s-
Sp-Ibpw klmbw e`n-p-Ibpw sNp--h-
cmWv? Ah ]m]n-I-fm-sW-n, ]m]-n\p
in \evImsX eLq-I-cn-p-Xv A\ym-b-am-
Ipw. in\evIn ]m]w eLq-I-cn--s-Sp-sa-
m-sW-n, Cu hN-\-n ]d-n-cn-p--
hpw As\ ]m]w eLq- I - c n- m-
hpXmWv. inn-npw ]m]w eLq-Ic - n-p-n-
s-n AXpw A\ym-ba - mIpw. ]m]- eLq-
I-cn-p-X - ns {]tbm-P\w [m-flm-m-
sW-n Ah-cpsS ]m]- eLq-Ic - n-n-cns
JpZm ]nsp sNm- \ mWv ? CsXmpw
hnZzmmsc-gp-Xn-b-X-. hmkvX-h-n [am-
flm-v kpJhpw A[an-Iv ZpxJhpw
Ah- c - h - c psS {]hr- np tbmPn hw
Ftmgpw Int--Xm-Wv.
22 \mw aqkmp thZw \evIn-bn-p-v. At-l-n-\p-
tijw XpSscpSsc ZqX-msc Ab-p-sIm-p-an-cp-p.
acy-ans aI Cukm*bvv \mw hy-amb ZrjvSm--
\evIn. ]cn-ip-m-flm-hns\ffsmv At-l- n\p
\mw ]n_ew \evIn. Atm \n-fn-jSv s
- -Sm kt-
ihpw sImv Hmtcm ZqX \n-fpsS ASp- hcp-
tmgpw \n Alw-`mhw \Sn-p-Ibpw Ah-cn
* tbip
ff dplq IZvkv Fp-aq-ew. K{_n-tb F ]cn-ip-m-
flmhv tbiphnsmw kZm Dm-bn-cp-t- {X.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Nnesc \ntj-[n-p-Ibpw Nnesc h[n-p-IbpamtWm
sNp--Xv. (1.1.2.87)
kao:- tam-ibvp thZw sImSp-sp Jp-
B kmy-s-Sp-tm AXp hnizkn-m
apo- \n_-n-X-cmbn. AXn-ep tZmj-
fpw apow-a-X-n hp-s]p. hy-amb
ZrjvSm---sfp ]d-bp-Xp shdp-sX-bmWv.
]mhw a\p-jysc he-bn hogvm Ak-Xy-
{]N-cn-n--Xm-Wv. Fs-m krjvSn-
{I-a-n\p hncp--am-b-sXmw s]mfn-bm-Wv.
As ZrjvSm---fn-s-mWnm-Xv?
Ch Cs-n Ap-an-m-bn-cp-p. CXn
kwi-b-an-.
23 Ah-cpsS kXy-\n-tj[ kz`mhw aqew Amlp Ahsc
i]np Ign-n-p-v. (1.1.2.88)
kao: A\ysc \n kXy-\n-tj[n (Im-
^n)Isfp hnfn- p- t m Ah \n-
sfbpw As\ hnfn-p-I-bnt? Ah-cpsS aX-
nse Cuiz-c-s\-smp `p ]d-bn-p-I-
bnt? Ch-cn-em-cmWv icn? BcmWv sXv?
Nnn-m Fm aX--fnepw sXp-ImWmw.
kXyw Fm-bn-Spw Hp-Xs Bbn-cn-pw.
Cu hgpw hm-W-hp-samw shdpw hnUvVn-
-am-Wv.
24 kXy-n hniz-kn-p--hv Hcp am-Zi-\hpw
Hcp ktm-j-hm-bp-am-Wv..... h-hcpw Am-lp-hn-
sbpw Ahs ZqX-m-cp-sSbpw Pn_vco K{_n-tb
aomCu ssat Fn-h-cp-sSbpw i{Xp-hm-bn-
om, Am-lphpw (A-c - w) kXy-\n-tj-[n-If
- psS
i{Xp-hm-p-p. (1.1.2.97-98)
kao: JpZmbvv ]m-fn-I-fm-cp-an-sv apo-
]d-bp-tm, Ctm-gn-hn-sSbo ssk\yw
klm-b-n-\p-h--sX-hn-Sp-mWv? A\y-cpsS
i{Xp- JpZm-bp-sSbpw i{Xp-hmtWm? A-
s\-bm-sW-n icn-b-. Fs-m Cuiz-
c Bcp-sSbpw i{Xp-h-.
25. Am-lp-hm-Is Xm\p-t-in-p--hv Xs A\p-
{Klw {]tXy-I-ambn \evIp-p. (1.1.2.105)
kao: {][m-\n-bm-Imt\m Zbbvtm tbmKy-\-
m--bm-fn-s\bpw {][m-\n-bm-p-Ibpw Zb-hp-
Im-p-Ibpw sNptam? Fn JpZm alm
Xmtm-n-X-s. Fn ]ns Bcv \-
sNpw? No Bcp-t]-npw? Fs-m
ssZh-ns CjvS-n-em-Wv, I-^-e-n
Hpw \n`-c-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. CsX-m-h-cnepw
392
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
A\m-kvY-bp-mn I-hn-ap-J-cm-pw.
26. thZ-m-cn ]ecpw \nsf kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmn
amm-\m-{K-ln-p-p. (1.1.2.109)
kao: t\mq! ssZhw-Xs Ahsc Im^n-dp-
I \nsf hgn-sX-n-p-sap `b-s-Sp-p-
p. kh-\ - m-sW-n ssZhw Cs\ ]d-
bp-I-bn-. CXv ssZh-h-N-\-hp-a-.
27 \n Ftmp Xncnp \nmepw Ahn-sS-sbmw
Amlp hns apJw Dv. (1.1.2.115)
kao: Cu Imcyw icn- b m- s W- n
apkamam In (sa- )bv pt\sc
t\mn \nkvIc- n-p-s - X-n\v? As\ sN-
W-sav hn[n-bp-s-n, Ftmpw t\mm-
sa hn[n CXn- e nt? FsX- nepw Hp
Ihpw Hp t\cp-am-bn-cn-ptam? IqSmsX
Am-lp-hn-s apJw Fm-bn-S-tmpw Xncn-
ncn-p-I-bn-. Hcp apJw Hcn-S-tmt Ccn-
q. Fm- b n- S - t mpw Fs\
Xncnncnpw? CsXmpw kwK-X-amb Imcy-
a-.
28. A, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS \nm-Xmhv. Ah h
Imcyhpw Iev]np Ign-m Dm-hpI Fp ]d-bp-
I-am-{X-amWv Ah sNp--Xv. DSs\ AXp-m-Ip-p.
(1.1.2.117)
kao: sImmw. JpZm-I-ev]np "Dmhv'
Fv . BcmWv Iev ] \ tIXv ? BtcmSp
Iev ] np? Bcm- W p- m- b Xv ? GXp- I m- c - W -
n\n-p-mbn? krjvSnp apv JpZm
am{X- a - msX asm- p- a n- m- b n- c p- s v - F-
gpXnbncn-p-tm, Cu temIw Fhn-Sp-p-
mbn? Imc-W-an-msX Imcy-sampw Dm-hp-
I-bn-. Fn C{Xbpw henb PKv Imc-
W-an-m-sX-hn-Sp-p-mbn? CsXmw shdpw
Ipn-I-fpsS Pev]\w t]mse-bm-Wv.
]qh- ] w: A- . JpZm- b psS C- b n
\np-m-bn.
D-c-]w: \n-fn-n-m Cu-bpsS Hcp
Ime-p-m-Iptam? JpZm-bpsS C-bn\n-n-
sXmw Dm-sb-m-Wtm \n ]d-bp-Xv?
]qh-:- JpZm kh-i--\m-Wv. Cn-p-Xp
sNpw.
D: kh-i--s\-m-se-m-Ww?
kXym-{]-Im-iw
]q: CnpXp sNm Ign-bp--sX-v.
D: JpZmbvv thsdmcp JpZmsb Dm-m-
\m-hptam? kzbw acn-m-\m-hptam? aqV\pw
tcmKnbpw Am-\n-bp-am-Imtam?
]qh: Hcn--ep-an-.
D:- Fn Xsbpw ap--h-cp-sSbpw
KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-p hncp--ambn Hpw
sNm-\m-hp-I-bn-. PK-n GXp hkvXp-hp-
m-I-W-sa-nepw aqp ]Zm- A\n-hm-
cy-am-Wv. Hv Dm-p-h IpS-ap-m-p-
-h-s\-tmse. cv IpS-ns av, aqv
IpS-ap-m-m-\m-h-iy-amb ap km[-\-.
IpS-ap-m-p--Xn-\p-ap]v Ipi-h\pw apw
ap km[-\ - fpw D-t]mse PK-ns DXv]-
np apv PK-ns Imc-W-amb {]Ir-
Xnbpw AXns KpW-Ia kz`m-h-fpw A\m-
Zn-bm-bp-v. AXn-\m Jp-B-\n ]d-bp-Xv
kw`-hn-m--Xm-Wv.
29. (sambnep-) B an-cs* a\p-jy-hK-n-\p
Hcp kt-f-\-tI-{hpw kam-[m-\-hp-ambn \mw \n-bn-
........ C{_mloans es \n \a-kI v mc e-
am-p-I. (1.1.2.125)
kao:- IAv_mbvp ap]v JpZm-a-smcp ]hn-
{X- - e hpw \nn- nt? \nn- s - n
IAv _ m Dm- t Imcy- a n- m- b n- c p- p.
\nn-ns-n ]mhw ]qhn-Isc ]hn-{X-
m\w CmsX \ne-\nn-bn-cnmw. ]hn-
{X-m\w \nn-m JpZm Av ad-p-t]m-
b-Xmhmw!
30 hnUvVnw kzbw kzoI-cn-h
- \-
- msX am-cmWv C{_m-
loans aXs shdp-p-I. \mw At-ls Cl-n
DXvIr-jvS-\mbn Xnc-s-Sp-n-cn-p-p. ]c-tem-Ipw
Atlw kpIrXw sNbvX-hcpsS Iq-nXs Bbn-
cn-pw. (1.1.2.13)
kao: C{_m- l oans aXs shdp-
hscmw hnUv V n- I - f m- h p- - s X- s\?
C{_m-lo-ans\ ssZhw CjvS-s-Sm Imc-W-
sav? [am-flm-hm-bn-cp-Xp sImm-sW-n
a-t\Iw [am-flm-f - p-m-hm-asm. [am-flm-
hm-m--Xp-sImmWn-jvSsan AX-\ym-b-
am-Wv. [am-flm--sf-b-msX A[an-Isf
ssZhw CjvS-s-Sn FXp t\cm-Wv.
31. \ns apJw AIm-ip t\mn XncpsImncn-
* I A_m ancw
393
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
p- Xp \mw ImWp- p- v . \o Xr]v X n- s - S p
Jn_vebpsS t\sc \manXm \nsXncn-m t]mIp-p.
\ns apJw BZ-cW
- o-ba
- mb {]m\ma-n-c- ns `mK-
tp Xncn-pI. \n Fhn-sS-bn-cp-mepw \n-
fpsS apJw AXns `mK-tp Xncn-p-I. (1.2.2.144)
kao: CXv Fcw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bmWv? -sN-
dptXm heptXm?
]qh-]: R apo- hn{K-lm-cm-[-
I-c hn{K-l-`-RvP-I-cm-Wv. Jn_vesb ssZh-
ambn RIm-Wp-n-.
D-c]- w: hn{K-lm-cm-[\
- s
- bp \n ]d-
bpXnepw B Bcm- [ - I hn{K- l - n
ssZhs ImWp- n- . ]Icw AXnp
ap]n Cuiz-c-`-n-Im-pp, Ft-bp-q,
hn{K-l-`-RvP-I-cm-sW-n Fp-sIm-mWv
Ghpw henb hn{K-l-amb akvPnZv Jnsb
XIm-Xv?
]qh: AXp-sIm-mw, Jn_vebn-tep apJw
Xncn-m R-tfmSv Jp-B Acp-fp-p-v.
thZ-n-en-m-Xp sNp--h-ct hn{K-lm-cm-
[-I? R F-s\-bmIpw? Jp-Bs
Acp-f-mSv Imt--h-cmWv R.
D: \nv Jp-B-\nepXpt]mse
Ahp ]pcm- W - fn Acp- f - m- S pv .
\n Jp-Bs\ JpZm-bpsS hmWn-bmbn BZ-
cn-p--Xp-t]mse ]ucm-Wn-I ]pcm-Ws
Cuiz-cm-h-Xm-c-amb hymks hN-\-ambn KWn-
p-p, \n-fn-cp-hcpw Xn hn{K-lm-cm-[\
kw_-nv hyXym-k-sampw C. \n
henb hn{K-lmcm[Icpw Ch sNdn-bX - p-am-sW-
t-bp-q. hon \np ]qsb HmSn-m
t]mb-tm HIw Ibdn ]mp Fp ]d-
bp--Xp-t]mse apl-Zv \_n sImp hn{K-l-
sf apkvfo--fpsS aX-n \np ]pd-m-
n. ]t henb hn{K-lw, ]Xw t]mep
a-bnse akvPnZv apkam-m-cpsS aX-n
m]n--s-p. CXp sImp hn{K-lm-cm-[\
h-Xp-amtWm? Mvlm. R sshZnI [an-
I-fm-Wv. \nfpw A-s\-bm-bm hn{K-lm-cm-
[\ XpS-nb XnI-fn \np c-{]m-]n-
bvpw. Cs-n C \n-fpsS henb hn{K-
lm-cm-[\ \nmsX sNdnb hn{K-lm-cm-[\
sNp--Xn env ]nm-d-Ww. kzbw hn{K-
lm-cm-[-\-bn \np amdn ]cn-ip--cm-I-Ww.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
32 Amlp-hns am-n h[n--s--h-sc-p-dnv
Ah ac-W-s--h-cm-sWp \n ]d-b-cp-Xv. Ah
Pohn-n-cn-p--h-c-s{X. (1.2.2.154)
kao: Cuizcs am-n ac-W-am-c-W--
sf-n-\m-Wv. XImcyw t\Sm-\mWv Cs\
]d- b p- - s Xv Fp- s Imv ]d- b p- n?
CsXmcp {]tem-`\ - a
- m-Wv. Bfp-I Np bpw
sNpw, hnPbw t\Smw F hnNm-chpw ]n]n-
ep-v. NmIm t]Sn th, sIm-b-Sn-m
sFizcyw Inpw, ]noSv hnj-bm-\w A\p-`-
hn-mw. CXymZn kzmY-X-ItfmSpIq-Sn-bmWv
Cs\ hn]-co-X-Im-cy- ]d-bp--Xv.
33 Amlp ITn-\-ambn inn-p--h-\m-sW-pw........
]nim-Nns Nhn--Sn-Isf \n ]npSc-cp-Xv. Ah
\n-fpsS {]Xy--i-{Xp-hm-Ip-p. ZpjvIr-Xy-n\pw
\oN-hr-npw \n-dnhp Inm-Xv Am-lp-hns
t]cn Btcm-]n-p-hm\pw am{X-amWv Ah \n-tfmSp
Iev]n-p-I.
kao: ]m]n-I-fnepw ]pWym-flm--fnepw Zbm-
ep- h mb JpZm ZpxJw ]I- c ptam? AtXm
apkam-m-tcmSp Zbm-ephpw A\y-tcmSv Zbm-
lo-\-\ptam? A-s\-sb-n AXv Cuiz-c-t\-
b-. ]-]m-Xn-sb-n \Xp sNp--h-
t\mSp Zbbpw A[w sNp--hv in-
\- e v I p- - h - \ p- a m- I - W w. ]ns CXnnsS
JpB\nepw \_n-bnepw hniz-kn-t Bh-
iy-hp-an-.
34 ihhpw chpw ]namwkhpw Am-lp-h-m--
hp-thn Adp-s - -Xpw am{X-amWv Amlp hntcm-
[n-n-cn-p--Xv. (1.2.2.173)
kao:- Nnn--Ww, N-Xm-bmepw sIm-Xm-
bmepw cp-i-hhpw Xpeyw Xs. CXn
Aev]w hyXym-ka - p-m-bmepw NXp NXp
Xs. ]nsb \ntj-[n--Xn-\w a\p-jy-
amwkw `n- m- s a- mtWm? Cuiz- c s
t]cn i{Xp-sf hfsc {Iqc-ambn ]oUn-np
sImp-Xv DNn-X-amtWm? CXn Cuiz-c-\m-
a- n\p Ifw hcpw. ]qh- P - m- ] - c m[w
CmsX apkam-m-cpsS ssII-fm Zmcp-W-
ZpxJw \evIn-b-sX-n\v? Ah-tcmSv Zbm-ep-ht
ssZhw? Ahsc ]p{XXpeyw ImWm--sXv?
D]-Im-c-a-[n-I-ap ]ip--tfbpw apw sImp-
Xp \ntj-[n-m-, sImevbvp t{]cn-n-p-
, JpZm temI-n\p lm\n-h-cp-pp F-
dn-b-Ww. JpZm lnwk-sb ]m]-m If-n-
X-\p-am-Ip-p. Ccw hmIy- ssZh-n
394
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
\ntmssZh-ns ]pkvX-I-ntem hcm-hp-
-X-.
35 {hX-cm-{Xn-bn \n-fpsS `mcy-am-cp-ambn kl-h-kn-
p-hm \n-sfbnXm A\p-hZ- n-n-cn-p-p. Ah \n-
fp-tSbpw \n Ah-cp-sSbpw hkv{X-am-Wv. kzw tZl-
-tfmSv \n A\oXn {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p-
sv Amlp {Kln-p-I-gn-n-p-v. ]t Amlp
\n-fpsS sXp-Ip amp-\e - vIp-Ibpw s]mdp-p-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cn-p-p. AXp-sImv sh-\q Idp-p-\q-ep-
ambn thXn-cnp ImWp-hm Ign-bpw-ht- cbvpw ({]-`mXw
htc-pw) taen Ah-cp-ambn kl-h-kn-p-sIm-p-I.
(1.2.2.187)
kao: apkam-m-cpsS aXw {]N-cn--tm
AXnp apmbn GtXm ]ucm-Wn-I-t\mSv Ch-
cm-cm\pw Hcp amkw \op-\np Nm{m-
bW {hX-s-n tNmZn-n-p-sp \n-bn-
mw. B imkv{X-hn[n N{--e-bpsS b-
hr-n-I\p-k-cnv `Ww Ipd-bvp-Ibpw
Iqp-Ibpw, a[ymnam{Xw `n-p-Ibpw
sNm-\m-Wv. AX-dn-bmsX N{s\ Inv
`n-m ]d--Xm-Imw. AXv apo-
C{]-Im-c-am-n-sb-Spp {hX-n kv{Xok-am-
Kaw ]mSn-. kv{Xokam-Kaw JpZm A\p-h-
ZnpsImSp A[n-I-ku-P-\y-am-Imw. cm{Xn-
bn F{X-sb-nepw XhW `n-m\pw A\p-
hm-Za
- p-v. CsXp {hX-am-Wmthm? ]I Xon-
bn-. cm{Xn Xo-X-s. ]I `n-msX
cmhn Xnp-Xv krjvSn-{I-a-n\p hncp--
am-Wv.
36. \n-tfmSp bpw sNp--h-cp-ambn Amlphns
am-n \nfpw bpw sNp-I. Ahsc Ip-ap-
p e-p-hp sImp-I-f-bp-I. a\w sIme-tb-
m ITn-\-X-c-a-s{X. a\w Cm-Xm-p-Ibpw aXw
Am-lp-hn-\-[o-\-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw htcpw \n
Ah- c p- a mbn bpw sNbv X p- s Im- p- I . Bsc- nepw
\nsf B{I-an-m Ah \nsf B{I-an--hn-[-
n Xs \n Ahs\bpw B{I- a n- p-
I.(1.2.2.190,191,193,194)
kao: JpB\n Ccw hmIy--fn-m-bn-
cpsn apkamm, A\y-a-X-m-tcmSv
C{X-h-enb A]-cm-[- sNp-am-bn-cp-n-.
A]-cm-[anm-hsc sImp-X - mWv Ah-cpsS
Ghpw henb ]m]w. apow aXw kzoI-cn-
pXmWv Chn-Ss a\w. (Ip{^v). AXn-
t\-m \v sImebmW-h ]d-bp-p. AXm-
bXv Zo\n (Jp-B-\n) hniz-kn-m--hs\
(I-Xv) sIme sNm-sav AYw. As\
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sNbvXpw t]mp. aX-n-\p-thn s]mcpXn
cmPy- \jvS-s-Sp-n-bn-pv. apaX-m-
tcmSv AXn-I-tTm-c-amb at\m-`m-h-amWv Chp-
Xv. I-n\p I-amtWm ]Icw? I-
m \- t fmSv If- h p- \ - S n A]- c m[w
sNbv X m \mapw Ifhp \Sn ]Icw
hotWm? CXp Xopw A\ym-b-amb Imcy-
am-Wv. GsX-nepw Am\n \sf A-k`yw
]d- m \mapw Ifhp \Sn ]Icw
hotWm? CXp Xopw A\ym-b-amb Imcy-
am-Wv. GsXnepw Am-\n-\-sf Ak`yw
]d-m \mapw Xncnv No hnfn-tWm?
CXv Cuiz-c-stbm Cuiz-c-`--\mb hnZzm-
stbm, Cuiz-c-Ir-X-amb ]pkvX-I-n-setbm
in-Wa -
- . kzmYnbpw Am-\n-bp-amb a\p-
jy-s-bm-Wv.
37. Amlp \mis CjvS-s-Sp-n-....... kXy-hn-izm-
kn-Isf! \n ]cn-]q-ambn Cm-an {]th-in-p-
sIm-p-I. (1.2.2.205 208)
kao: \miw Amlp CjvS-s-Sp-n-s-n,
\miw sNp-hm apkam-msc t{]cn-n-p-
Xpw Ah- t cmSp ssa{Xn ]pep- Xpw
Fn-\mWv? Cm-an tNmse JpZm {]k-
-\m-Ipthm? Fn apow ]-]m-Xn-bmWv
B JpZm. temtI-i-\-. CXn\nv Jp-B
ssZh-IrXaspw CXn ]d-bp JpZm
ssZh-a-spw sXfn-bp-p.
38 Amlp Dt-in-p--hv Ah IW-n-msX
\evIpw. (1.2.2.212)
kao: ]m]-]p-Wy- t\mmsX ssZhw
IW-n-msX sImSp-ptam? ]ns \-Xn--
sNp--Xn AYan-m-Xmbn Fs-
m kpJ-Zpx-J-{]m]vXn Ah\ptin-p--
hmWtm. [a- h n- a p- J - c mbn apo-
tXmpw- ] Sn \SpXnXpsImmWv.
A]qhw Nne Cu Jp-B hN\w hniz-kn-
msX [am-flm--fmbpw Pohn-p-p-v.
39 B-h-Im-e-s-p-dnv Ah\n-tmSp tNmZn-p-
p. \o ]d-bpIx AXv D]-{Z-h(-Im-e)-am-Ip-p. AXp-
sImv B-h-L---fn \n kv{XoI-fn\nv
AI-n-cn-p-I. Ah ipn-bmIpw. h-tcpw Ahsc
\n kao-]n--cpXv. ipn-bm-bn--gn-m Amlp
\n-tfmSp Iev]n am-n-eqsS Ah-cpsS ASp-
sNp-I.....-\n--fpsS `mcy-am \n-fpsS Irjn--e-am-
Ip-p. \n Cnp hn[w \n-fpsS Irjn--
ep sNp-I...... \n-fpsS i]Yw ewLn-p--Xnv
395
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Am-l p-hns\ \n-sfmcp XS-amn hbv cp- Xv .
(1.2.2.222,223,224)
kao: cP-kz-e-bpsS kv]itam kwK-atam
]mSn-s-s-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p-Xv \-Im-cy-am-Wv.
Fm Irjn--e-amWv Cn-p hn[w
Irjn-e - p sNp-I FXv a\p-jysc hnj-
bm-k--cm-p-I-tb-bpq Am-lp-hns\ adn-
I-Sv i]Yw ewLn-m-sap ]d-bp-Xv Fm-
h- t cbpw i]YewLI- c m- p- I - t b- b pq.
As\ Amlp I-ns {]Nm-c-I-\m-bn-
ocpw
40. Amlphnp \-\n-ebvp ISw sImSp-p-hm-\m-
cpv? As\ ISw-sIm-Sp-p--]w Ahp AXp
Cc- n- n- c - n- b mbn Amlp hn- npsIm- S p- pw.
(1.2.2.245)
kao: ssZh-n\v IS* sImn-sp {]tbm-
P\w? PKXv {kjv S mhv a\p- j y- t cmSp ISw
hmp-Itbm? Hcn--ep-an-. Adn-hn-m--htc
Cs\ ]d-bq. JpZm-bpsS JP-\mhv iq\y-
amtbm? lpnbpw ]oSn-Ibpw \S-p hym]m-
c-n apgp-In ISw-sIm-p-I-bm-hptam? Hp-
n-cn sImSp-m-sap ]d-bp-Xp tk-m-
cpsS ]Wn-bt? CsXmw -Zo-hm-fn-Ip-fnv,
sNehv A[nIw sNbvXv ISw Ib-dn-b-htc
sNq. Cuiz-c sNp-I-bn-.
41. As\ kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn--hcpw kXys
a\- ] qw \ntj- [ n- - h cpw Ah- c n- s - b p- v .
Amlp Dtins-n Ah ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-Xp-I-bn-
m-bn-cp-p. Xm\p-t-in-p-Xv Amlp {]hn-pw.
(1.3.2.253)
kao:- Dmb bp-samw JpZm-bpsS C-
bmtem? A[aw sNm Dt- i n- m
sNptam? FneXv JpZm-b-. kam-[m\w
XIv bpw sNn-p-Xv \-hc- psS ]Wn-
b-. CXn-\nv, JpB Cuiz-c-Ir-Xtam
GsX-nepw hnZzm cNn-tXm Asp sXfn-
bp-p.
42. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep--sXmw Xs Ah-t-Xm-Ip-p.
* Cu hN-\-ns `mjy-n X^vko lpssk\n
Fgp-Xp-p. Hcp-h apl-Z- p-\_
- n-bpsS ASpp sNv
tNmZn-p. dkq-e-mlv JpZm Fn-\mWv ISw tNmZn-
p-Xv \ns kz-n sImp-t]m-Im-\m-sWv
Dcw \In. Av Pmayw \evIm-sa-n Rm
sImSp-m-sa-mbn Abm. apl-Z- p-\_n Pmayw \nv.
`\v JpZm-hn hniz-k-an-. JpZm-bpsS {]hm-N-I-
\n hnizmkw Dv. (a-ljn Zbm-\--kzm-an)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
BIm-i` - q-an-I Dsm-p-X
- mWv Ahs knwlm-k-
\w. (1.3.2.255)
kao:- BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep ]Zm--sfmw
Pohn-Ip-thn Cuiz-c kr-jvSnXmWv.
X\n-p-thn krjvSnX. Cuiz-c ]q-
Im-a-\m-I-bm At-l-n-s\mpw th.
Ah\v knwlm-k\w Ds-n -G-ItZinbm-
Wv. Cuiz-c GI-tZ-in-b-. Cuiz-c kh-
hym-]n-bm-Wv.
43. icn Amlp kqcys\ Ing-p-\nv DZn-n-p-p.
\o AXp ]Sn-mdp \nv DZn-n-p-I. A{I-an-I-fmb
P\-Xbvv Amlp amw ImWn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-.
(1.3.2.258)
kao: Ahn-Zy-bpsS {]I-S\w ImWp-I. kqcy
Ing-p-\np ]Sn-m-tdmtm ]Sn-m-dp-\np
Ing-tmtm t]mImsX kzw ]cn-[n-bn
{`aWw sNp-p. Jp-Bs Im-hn\v hm\-
im-kv{Xtam `qan-im-kv{Xtam Adn-hn-m-bn-cp-
sv CXn\nv sXfn-bp-p. B{I-an-Iv
amw ImWnp sImSp-p-Ib - n-s-n ]pWym-
flm-v Cu apow JpZmbpsS Bh-iy-an-
. [am-flm- Ftmgpw km-n-em-
bn-cn-pw. [a-am-n\np hyXn-N-en--
hmWv am- Z i\w th- X v. Cu
Ihyw \nd-th-m-Xv Jp-B cN-bn-Xm-
hns henb sXm-Wv.
44 Amlp Acpfn. \mep ]n-Isf ]nSnv Ahsb
\obp-ambn CW-p-I. ]noSv Ahsb Hmtcm hn`m-K-
sbpw Hmtcm ae-I-fn sImp-t]mbn hbvp-I.
Fnv Ahsb hnfn-p-I. Fm Ah \ns ASp--
tev HmSn-h-cpw. (1,3.2.260)
kao: _te-t`jv! Xe-bn \nem-hp-Zn--h-sc-
tmse apow-JpZm Ifn-bm-Sp-Xp t\mp-I.
CXmtWm JpZm-bpsS JpZmXzw? _pn-amm
Ccw JpZmbvv Xnem-RvPen \evIn AIp
\nev-tb-bp-q. aqV-m hogp-Ibpw sNpw.
Cuiz- c s al- z- n\p ]Icw Xn- I
Ahsc Nqgp-Ibpw sNpw.
45 Xm\p-t-in-p--hv Amlp XXz-m\w \evIp-
p. (1.3.2.269)
kao: Dt-in-p-h
- v Xz-m\w \evIn-
bm Dt-in-m-h - v Am\w \evIp-am-
bn-cn-pw. Cu hmp-I Cuiz-co-ba
-
- . ]-]m-
X-an-msX mt\m-]t- Ziw \evIn-bmte Cuiz-
c\pw B]vX\pw Bhq, amcpw Bhp-Ib - n-.
396
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
46. ]en-ih- m-n-n-p-h
- ...... \c-Ih
- m-kn-If
- m-bn-cnpw.
(Sn. 275)
kao: Ah I_-dp-I-fns InS- t -
ptam? F{X-Im-e-tv? Ccw Akw-`-h-
I-Y-\- _me-_p-n--msX thZ-]p-kvX-
I-n\p tNcp--X-.
47. Xm\p-t--in-p-h
- v Ah s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-p.
Xm\p-t-in-p--hsc Ah inn-pw. Amlp k-
i--\m-Ip-p. (1.3.2.284)
kao: an-m tbmKy-t\mSv an-m-bI v bpw
Atbm-Ky-t\mSv an-p-Ibpw Kh-IWvT*
cmPm-hn\p tN IrXy-at? ssZhw CjvS-
{]-Imcw ]m]n-sbbpw ]pWym-flm-hn-s\bpw
Dmp-I-bm-sW-n Pohm-flm-hns\ ]m]-]p-
Wy- Gip-Ib - n-. Cuiz-c As\ sNp-
s-n Poh\v kpJ-Zpx-J - Dm-Im ]mSn-
, tk\m[n]s BPvR-{]-Imcw- in]mbn
Bsc- s b- nepw sImp- I tbm cn- tbm
sNbvXm AXns ^ew in]mbvp e`n-m-
Xp t]mse-bmImw CXpw.
48 kv{XoI, km-\-, Iqm-c-ambn Iqn-bn-cn-p
kzw..... Fn-s\ CjvSs hkvX--tfmSp t{]aw
ImWn-p-Xp a\p-jyp henb Ae-m-ca - mbn tXmp-
p. kqaX ]men-n-p--hp X-fpsS cn-Xm-hn-
Nne tXm--fp-v. Ah-bpsS Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS
Acp-hn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-pw. Ahn-sS-bm-Wh- imiz-
X-ambn \nh-kn-p-I. (A-h-hn-sS) ]cn-ip--amb Nne
CW-Ifpw Dm-bncnpw. Amlp Xs Zmk-m-cpsS
nXnK-Xn-I icnp t\mn-m-Wp-p-v. (1.3.3.14-15)
kao: CXp kzKtam thiym-h\tam? CXo-iz-
ct\m kv{Xoe--St\m? Ccw Imcy--fp
]pkvXIw ssZh-ntXm-sWv _pn-bp--
h-cm-sc-nepw hniz-kn-ptam? Fn-\mWv Cu
]-]mXw? kz-n kZm ]mp CW-
I ChnsS P\nv Atmp t]mtbm AtXm
AhnsS P\ntm? ChnsS P\nv AhnsS
sNp IqSn- b - h - c m- s W- n Ibm- a - ns
Xtev Ahsc F-n\p Xncnp hnfnp?
Ah- c psS BWp- sf hnfn- m- - s Xv ?
Ibm-a-ns \mfn Fm-hpw \ymb-hn-
[n-bp-m-Ip-sa \nb-as `RvPn--sX-n\v?
AhnsS P\n- - h - c m- s W- n Ibm- a - ns
* K-IWvT cmPm-hns IY BNm-c-`m\p F sNdp-
]p-kX
v I
-
- n-ep-.v Aev]w \o-IY
- b
- m-Ib
- m ChnsS
]Ip-hm hnj-a-am-Wv.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
\mhsc GX- S n- m- \ - n AhnsS
]mpp? AhhnsS `m--m-cp-s-
n kz-n sNp apkam-mv
JpZm CW-Isf FhnsS \np sImSppw?
kzK-n Fpw ]mp kv{XoIsf
krjvSn-Xp t]mse ]pcp-j-msc krjvSn-m-
-sXv? AXn-\m apow-JpZm A\ym-b-m-
c-\mb A-\m-Wv.
49. Am-lp-hn- aXw Cmw am{X-am-Ip-p. (1.3.3.19)
kao: Amlp apo--fp-tSXp am{X-amtWm?
aphcp- t S- X t? CXn\nv Jp- B
Cuiz-c-Ir-X-a GtXm ]-]mXn Fgp-Xn-b-
Xm-sWp knn-p-p.
50. Hmtcm a\p-jypw Ah {]hn--Xn-\p {]Xn-
^ew XnIpw \evI-s-Spw. -H-cm-tfm-Spw A\oXn ImWn-
p-Ib- n-.- (Hm \_o!) \o ]d-bpI B[n-]X
- y-ns \mb-
I-\mb Am-lpth! \o Dt-in-p--hv B[n-]Xyw
\-evIp-p. \o Dtinp-h-cpsS ]\nv B[n-]-
Xyw ]nSn-s-Sp-p-p. \o Dtinp--hv Ap
\Ip-p. \o Dt-in-p--hsc \ny-cmn hnSp-p.
Fm \-Ifpw \ns In-em-Wn-cn-p--Xv. \o kh-i-
-\-s{X. \o cmhns\ ]I-enepw ]I-ens\ cmhnepw
{]th-in-n-p-p. \noh hkvXp--fn \nv Poh-
\p hkvXp--sfbpw Poh-\p hkvXp--fn\nv
\noh hkvXp--sfbpw \o ]pd-tp sImp-h-cp-
p. \o Dt-in-p--hp IW-n-msX PohnX hn`-h-
{]Zm\w sNp-p. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I kXy-hn-izm-
kn-Isf hnp kXy-\n-tj[n-Isf cm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmn
hbv-cp-Xv. As\ h-h\pw sNbvsX-n Amlp
hpambn Ahv bmsXmcp _hpan-Xs. Am-lp-
hns\ Ipdnv kqn-n-cp-p-sIm--W-sav Ah
\nsf CXm XmoXp sNp-p. \n-fpsS Ip-
\np s]mdp-p-Xcpw. Amlp ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\m-
Wv. (1.3.3.26 31)
kao: Hmtcm Pohpw Ia-ns ]qW-
^ew \Ip--Xm-bm an-bvt--Xn-.
an-p ]w ]qW-^ew \evIp-n-.
AX-\ym-b-am-Wv. Poh-\n-m--Xn-\np Poh-
\p-Xpw Poh-\p--Xn \nv \no-hhpw
Dm-Iptam? Cuiz-cs \nbaw At-Zyhpw
At`-Zy-hp-am-Wv. Hcn-epw amdn-a-dn-bp--X-.
C\n ]-]mXw t\mpI apow aX-n-
esn Ah Im^n- d m- b n. Ah- c n
t{ijvT-t\mSpt]mepw an{XX ]mSn-. apkam-
\mb ZpjvS-t\mSv Iqm-Imw. CsXmw Cuiz-
cs\ Cuiz-c-X-bn\np _ln-jvI-cn-p-p.
AXn-\m Cu Jp-B\pw, Jp-B ssZhhpw
apo-fpw ]-]mXw AhnZy Fnh-bm
\nd- - X m- W v . AXn- \ m apkam- m
397
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
AIm-c-n-epam-Wv. C\n apl-Zp \_n-
bpsS eoe t\mq; Fs ]w ]nSn-m
JpZm \n-fpsS ]-mIpw; \n ]-
]mXw Imn-bmepw anp Xcpw. CXn\nv
a\- n- e m- m- h p- Xv apl- Zv \_nbpsS
lrZbw ip-a-m-bn-cp-s-m-Wv. AXn-\m
XImcyw t\Sp--Xn\v Atlw Jp-B
Dm- p- I tbm Dm- ntbm sNbv X Xm-
sWp a\-n-em-mw.
51. "Hm abw! Amlp \ns DIr-jvS-bmbn Xnc-s-
Sp-p-Ibpw (kh-Kp-W--fn\n-pw) \ns ]cn-ip--
bmn shp-Ibpw temI-p kv{XoIfnhv \ns
DIr-jvS-bmbn Xnc-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
(1.3.3.42)
kao:- Cm-ev ssZhtam ssZh-Zq-Xtcm
h-am\w ]d-bp-hm hcm-dn-. ]v ]ns-
-s\-bmWv hn-cp-Xv? ]s Bm
]pWym-flm--fm-bn-cp-p, Ctm-g-s-bm-fp-I
A Fm-sW-n AXp anYy-bm-Wv, Fm
{InkvXp-a-Xhpw Cmw aXhpw {]N-cnp XpS-
n-b-Im-ev Amnse Bm A[n-
Ihpw ]Tn-n-m A]-cn-jvIr-X-cm-bn-cp-p.
Xn-anw Cu hnZym-hn-cp--a-X- {]N-cn-
p. Ctm hnZzm- m A[n- I - a mI- b m
CsXmpw \S-n-. Ccw kmc-lo-\-amb aX-
{ItaW bnpw. A`n-hr-n-s-Sp-I-bn-
. kao: Am-lp-hn-e-msX am-cnepw hniz-kn-
52 Ah Hcp Imcyw Xocp-am-\np Ign-m Dm-hpI
Fv AXn-t\mSp ]d-bp-I-am-{X-amWv Ah sNp-I.
Atm AXp-m-Ipw..... Ah Nne -KqVX{-
{]tbm-Kn-p. Am-lphpw Nne KqV X{- {]tbm-
Kn-p. Amlp KqV-X{- - {]tbm-Kn-p-h
- c
- n AXn-
k-a-\-t{X. (1.3.3.47-54)
kao: JpZm-b-msX am-cp-an-sv apo-
hniz-kns JpZm Btcm-SmWv ]d-bp-Xv? ]d-
-tm Fp-mbn. Bcp-mbn? CXn-p-
cw apo- Ggp-P--nepw ]d-bp-I-bn-
. D]m-Zm-\I- m-cW
- a
- n-msX Imcy-sampw Dm-
hp-I-bn-. Imc-W-an-msX Imcy-ap-m-Ip-sap
]d-bp-Xv, A-\--am-cn-m-sX-bmWv Fs
icocw Dm-b-sXp ]d-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv.
KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p-Xpw A\p-`-hn-p-
Xpw Hcn-epw Cuiz-c\ -
- . Fs-m D-
a-cmb a\p-jyt]mepw KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-
p-I-bn-.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
53. 3000 ae-p-I-sf-bn-dn \n-fpsS cn-Xmhp klm-
bn-p-Xp \np aXn-bm-I-bnt? (1-4-3.124)
kao: apkam-msc aqhm-bncw ae-p-I-sf-
bn-dn XpW-n-cp-s-n, Cv km{am-Py-
-sfmp hfsc \jvS-s-npw \jvS-s-p-sIm-
ncp- npw XpW- b v m- s Xt? CXp
shdpsX {]tem-`\w \evIn aqV-msc AI-
s-Sp-m-\p alm A\ym-b-am-Wv.
54 kXy\ntj-[n-I-fmb P-\-Xbvv FXn-cmbn Rsf
klm-bn-p..... Am-lp-hmWv \n-fpsS cm-[n-Im-cn.
Ghpw \-mbn klm-bn-p--h\pw Ah-\m-Wv......
\n Am-lp-hns am-n h[n--s-p. As-
n ac-Wa
- S-
- p..... Fm..... Am-lp-hn\np e`n-
p A\p-{Klw D-a-am-b-Xp-Xs (1.4.3.146,149,156)
kao: apkam-m-cpsS sXp t\mq. CX-c-a-
X- msc sImm ssZ- h - t mSp {]mn-
pp! CXp-tIm Cuiz-c shdpw km[p-
hmtWm? apo--fpsS cm-[n-Imcn Am-lp-
hm-sW-n Ah ]cm-P-b-s-Sp--sX-mWv?
JpZm apkam-m-tcmSv taml-n s]n-cn-
ptm? JpZm Cs\ ]-]mXnbmsW-
n [am-flm-v D]m-k-\o-b-t\-b-.
55 AZr-iy-Im-cy- \np shfn-s-Spn Xcp
]Xnhv Am-lp-hn-\n-. Xs ZqX-m-cn CjvSa
- p-h - sc
Ah Xnc-s-Sp-p-p. AXp-sImv \n Am-
lp-hnepw A-hs ZqX-m-cnepw hniz-kn-p-I. (1.4.3.179)
p-I-bnpw Bcpw JpZm-bpsS kmn-b-
spw ]d-bp apo- {]hm-N-I-\n
JpZmbvp Xpey-X-bp \ I-sX-s\?
Amlp {]hm-N-I-\n hniz-kn-m ]d-bp-
p. Atm {]hm-N-I\pw Am-lphpw Xpey-
cm-bn. ]ns, Asp ]d-bp-Xp icn-b.
CXn-w , apl--Zv\_n {]hm-N-I-\m-I-
bm hniz-kn--W-sa-m-sWp a\-n-em-n-
bmepw apl- Zv \_n- b psS Bh- i y- I X
Fs {]iv \ w DZn- p- p. {]hm- N - I - \ m-
msX JpZmbvv kzw Imcyw \n-ln-m
Ign- h n- s - m- s W- n JpZm Ak- a Y- \ m-
sWp hcp-p.
56. kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf! an-p-I..... FXni-n-Isf
kqn-p-sImp kwL-Snp \nevp-I. Amlphns\
kqn-p-Ibpw sNp-I. (C-sXmw D]-tZ-in-p-Xv)
\n PohnX hnPbw -{]m-]n-p--hm-\m-Ip-p. (1.4.3.200)
kao: Jp-B-\nse JpZmbpw {]hm-N-I\pw
bp- t am- l n- I - f m- W v . bp- n\v Blzm\w
398
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
\evIp--bm kam-[m\ `RvP-I-\m-Wv. \ma-
am-{X-ambn JpZmsb `b-s-m apn Inptam
AtXm A[a-bp--amb bps `b-s-
m Inptam? BZy-t-Xm-sW-n `b-s-Sp-
Xpw `b-s-Sm-Xpw Xpey-am-Wv. cm-a-t-
Xm-sW-n icn-X-s.
57. CsXmw A-mlphns ]cn-[n-I-fm-Wv. Bsc-nepw
Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs -Zq-X-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-m
Ahs\ Nne-tXm---fn Amlp {]th-in-n-pw. Ah-
bpsS Xmgv`m-K
- f
- n-eqsS Acp-hn-Is
- fm-gp-n-sm-n-cn-pw.
Ahn-sS-bmWv Ah imiz-Xa - mbn \nh-kn-p-I. AXs{X
al-mb hnP-bw. Fm hhcpw Am-lp-hn-sbpw
Ahs ZqX-sbpw Iev]\ ewLn-p-Ibpw Am-lp-
hns ]cn-[n-Isf Ih-p-sh-bvp-Ibpw sNbvsX-n
Ahs\ Amlp \c-I-n {]th-in-npw. AXn-em-
W-h imiz-X-ambn \nh-kn--I. Ah-mWp \nm-h-l-
amb in A\p-`-hn-t-n-h-cn-I. (1.4.4.13-14)
kao: JpZm-Xs {]hm-N-I-\mb apl-Zv
\_nsb Xs XpW-bm-fm-n-bn-cn-p-p. CXv
Jp-B-\n-se-gp-Xn-bnpapv. JpZm {]hm-N-Is
]nSn-bn Fs\ s]n-cn-p-spw t\mp-
I. kz-n ssZh-ns ]m-fn-bm-bn-cn-
p-p, {]hm-N-I. JpZmbvv X\nsb Hpw
sNm-\m-hm-bvI-bm kzX-{-\-. -A-tm
]m-fn-bn-m--h Fp ]dpIqSm. C-
s\-bp--sXmpw Cuiz-tcm--amb -]p-kvX-I-
n hcn--X-s.
58. Amlp (a-\p-jyp {]Xn-^ew \evIp-tm) Hc-
Wp-thm-fhpw A\oXn ImWn-p-Ib- n. Hc-Wp-thmfw \-
bp-s-n AXv Cc-n-bmbn Ah hnnp-sIm-Sp-
pw. (1.5.4.40)
kao:- Hc-Wp-thmfw A\o-Xn-Im-Wn-p-I-bn-s-
n ]pWyw Fs\ Cc-n-bmn \evIpw?
apkam-m-tcmSv Fn\v ]-]mXw sNp-
p. Cc-ntbm, Ipdtm I-^ew \evIp--
Xp-sImv JpZm A\ym-b-m-c-\m-Ipw.
59. As\ \ns ASp- \nv Ah Fgp-tp
]pd-p-t]m-bm \o ]d--Xn\p hncp--am-bp \S-]-
Sn-I FSp-p-hm cm{Xnbn KqVm-tem-N\ \S-p-
Ibpw sNp-p. Ah \S-p KqVm-tem-N\I
Amlp Fgp- X p- p- v . ... Amlp Ahsc Ah
{]hn Xn-I Imc-W-ambn Xe-Xn-cnp hnn-cn-p-
I- b m- W - s m. Amlp hgn- I m- W n- msX hn- h sc
hgnImWn-W - s- a-mtWm \n hnNm-cn-p-Xv? h-
h\pw Amlp hgn-Im-Wn-n-cp-s-n ]noSv Ahp
t\amw \o Is-p-I-bn-. (1.5.4.81,88)
kao: ssZhw Hmtcmpw FgpXn IW-p-]p-
kvXIw Dm-pbmfm-sW-n kh--
kXym-{]-Im-iw
\-sp \n-bw. k--\m-sW-n Fgp-
Xn- h - b vp- - s X- n\v? Bfp- I sf hgn-
sXnpXv C_n-eo-km-sWp apkam-m
]d-bp--s-nepw, Bfp-Iv ssZhw hgn-
Im-Wn-p-I-bn-sp ]d-bp-tm C_n-eokpw
JpZmbpw Xn FmWv hyXymkw? ssZhw
henb C_n-eokpw sNIp-m Ndnb C_n-
eokpsa hyXym- k ta Dmhq. apow
hnizmkw, hn-p--h C_n-eo-km-sW-m-
Ip- p. Cu hnizmkw JpZmsb sNIp-
m\mpp.
60. Ah-cpsS ssIIsf XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-n-s-n A-
hsc ]nSnp-Ibpw Ip-ap-p-n-S-p-hv sImp-Ibpw
sNp- I . Ahs- X n- c mbn (bp- w- s N- p- - X n\v )
\nnXm hy-amb A[n-Imcw \evIn-bn-cn-p-p.
Hcp kXy-hn-izm-knsb h[n-p-hm asmcp kXy-hn-izm-
knpw A[n-Imcw C. h kXy-hn-izm-kn-sbbpw A_-
-ambn h[npt]mbm Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn-bmb ASn-
asb kzX-{-\m-t--Xm-Wv. Ahs IpSpw-_-v
Ahs Poh-\-jvS-n\p {]Xn-^ew \Ip-Ibpw
thWw. ]t Ah amp sNp-I-bm-sW-n \tI-
-Xn-. C\n h[n--s--h \n-fpsS i{Xp-k-ap-Zm-b-
ns-h\pw Hcp apo-ap-am-Wv. Fm Hcp apow
ASn-asb kzX-{-\m-t--XmWv..... Hcp kXy-hn-izm-
knsb h-h\pw a\x-]qw h[n-m- Ah-\p {]-Xn-
^ew \c-I-am-Ip-p. Ah Ahn-sS-bmWv imiz-X-ambn
\nh-kn-p-I. Ah Amlphns tIm]-n\pw im]-
n\pw ]m{X-am-bn-o-h-\m-Wv. (1.5.4.91-93)
kao:- ]-]m-X-ns ]mcayw t\mp-I,
apkam Am--hs\ ImWp-n-S-p-shv
sIm-Ww. apkams\ sIm-cp-Xv. Adn-bmsX
apo-ans\ sImm kzw Inpw. Ccw
D]-tZ-i - InW-n-se-dnp If-tb-X - m-Wv.
Ccw ]pkv X Iw, Ccw {]hm- N - I ,
Ccw JpZm, Ccw aXw, Fmw lm\n-b-
msX Hcp {]tbm-P-\hpw Dmp-I-bn-. Ch
Cm--XmWp \v. Ccw {]am-Z-]q-amb
aX--fn \n-Iv sshZn-I-[-ns
in-W- AwKo-I-cn-t--Xm-Wv. Fs-
m AXn Aev]w-t]mepw Ak-Xy-an.
apkams\ sImm \c-I-amWp Inp-I-
sbv Ahcpw, kzw Inp-sav ap-aX -
- mcpw
]d- b p- p. CXn- t e- X mWv kzoImcyw FXv
Akzo-Imcyw Fp ]d-bp-I. Ccw aqV{]I-
ev]n-Xa- mb aX- XyPnv thZm-\p-krX [aw
Fm a\p-jycpw kzoI-cn-t--Xm-Wv, AXn
Bcy-am-n t{ijvT-a-\p-jy-cpsS hgn-bn
k-cn-m\pw Zkyp--fpsS ZpjvS-cpsS
399
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
hgn-bn k-cn-m-Xn-cn-m\pw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-
p--Xt{X kthm--aw-.
61. ssZh-Zq-X-\p-ambn FXnp \nevp-Ibpw kXy-
hnizmkn-I-fptSX-m ams ]nXp-S-cp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-p-s-n Ah Xncn-bp `mK-tv \mw
Ahs\ Xncn-p-hnSpw. Ah-km\w \c-I-n -Fn-p-
Ibpw sNpw. (1.5.4.115)
kao: JpZm-bp-sSbpw ZqX-sbpw ]-]mXw
t\mp-I. apl-Zv\_n hnizknp-Xv C-
s\-sbms ssZh-s-n Fgp-Xn-bn-s-n
Xs aXw hf-cp-I-bn-spw ]n_ew Inp-
I-bn-spw kpJ-t`m-K
- e`n-p-Ib
- n-s-p-
am-Wv. CXn\nv Hp hy-am-Ip-p-v.
XImcyw t\Sp--Xnepw ]c-t{Zmlw sNp--
Xnepw Atlw \n]p-W-\m-bn-cp-p. CXn-\m
A\m-]vX-\mb At-l-ns hmp-Iv
hnZzmm-cpsS kaw {]mam-Wy-an-.
62. h-h\pw Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ae-p-I-sfbpw
Ahs thZ--sfbpw Ahs ZqX-m-scbpw Ay-Zn-\-
sbpw \ntj-[np If-n-p-s-n Ah t\am-
n \np hyXn-N-enp hf-sc-b-[nIw AI-p-t]m-bn-
cn-p-p..... hniz-kn-p. ]nsbpw \ntj-[n-p. ]nsbpw
\ntj-[n-p. ]nsbpw hniz-kn-p. ]noSv Ah-cpsS kXy-
\n-tj[w IqSn-sm-n-cn-bpw sNbvXp. C-s\-bp--
hv Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bn-. Ahp
amw Nqn-m-Wnp sImSp-p-I-bp-an-. (1.54. 136.137)
kao: Ctmgpw ssZh-n\p XpW-bvm-fn-
sp ]d-bmtam? klm-bn-bn-sp ]d-bp-
Ibpw ae- p- I - s f- n {]kv X m- h n- p- I bpw
sNp- Xv ]c- k v]chncp- - a - t . aqp
{]mhiyw an-p ssZhw ]noSv an-m-
-sX-mWv? aqp XhW kXv\n-tj[w
sNbvXm hgn-Im-ptam? \mep-X-h-Wbvp
tijw hgn-Im-p-Ib - nt? \mep XhW \ntj-
[n-m \ntj[w IqSp-I-tb-bp-q. (A-X-\p-k-
cnv hgn-Im-epw IqS-Ww).
63. Amlp I]-Sh - n-izm-kn-Is
- fbpw kXy\ntj-[n-Is
apgp-h\pw \c-I - n Hcp-an-p-Iq-pw..... I]-Sh
- n-izm-kn-I
Am-lp-hns\ h-n-pp.... kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf! kXy-
hn-izm-kn-I-sf-hnv kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf \n Bfl-an-{X-
-fmn hbv-cp-Xv. (1.6.4.140,142,144)
kao: apo- kz-nepw ap--h \c-
I-nepw t]mIp-sa--Xn\v FmWp sXfnhv?
No- b m- f p- I fpsS NXn- b n s]Sp- I bpw
A\ysc NXn- p- I bpw sNp JpZm
\n\n-I-n-cn-s. NXn-b-m sNv
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Iqp-Iq-Sn-sm-s. JpZm Ah-tcmSpw IqSn-
sm-s. Fs-m ""Nn-sm N-
c'' Fptm. NXn-b ssZh-ns D]m-
k-Icpw NXn-b-m-cm-Ip--Xn-se-mWZv`pXw?
ZpjvS-\mb ap-o-an-t\mSv ssa{Xnbpw \-h-\mb
A\y-t\mSv hntZz-jhpw DNn-X-amtWm Fm-
tem-Nn-p-I.
64. a\p- j ysc! \n- f psS cn- X m- h n- \np
kXyhpw sImmWv (A-hs - ) ZqX \n-fp-sS-bS- p-
hn-cn-p--Xv. AXp-sImv (A-tln) \n
hniz-kn-p-I. Amlp Htc-sbmcp ssZh-am-Ip-p. (1-6-
4.170-171)
kao: ZqX-\n hniz-kn-p-hm ]d-bp-tm,
hnizm- k - n Am- l p- h n\v klm- b n- b p-
spw hcnt? Amlp kh-hym-]n-b-,
GI-tZ-inbmWv Fnte ZqX-mv ASp-p-
sN-p-hm\pw Zqsc-t]m-Ip-hm\pw Ign-bq. ssZhw
kh-hym]nsbpw GI-tZ-in-sbpw Ahn-S-
hnsS Fgp-Xn-bn-pv. CXn\nv Jpdm -H-cm-
f ]e tNp-m-n-b-Xm-sWp sXfn-bp-
p.
65. ihw, cw, ]n-amwkw Am-lp-h - m-h- c
- psS \ma-
n Adp--s-Xv, izmkw apn---Xv, Xn-sm--
Xv, (D-b-c-n) \nv hoWp-N--Xv, ap arK- Ah-
bpsS sImp-sImp Ipn-sm-Xv ZpjvS-P-p-
(h-[n-p) XnXv Ch-sbmw \np \njn--am-n-
bn-cn-p-p. (2.6.5.3)
kao:-- C{Xbpw ]Zm- sf \njn- - a m-
bptm? ap arK-fpw Xncy-p-I-fpw, IoSm-Zn-
Ifpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-bn-cnpw. CsXmw a\p-
jy-k - e
- v]
- f- m-Wv, Cuiz-ct- -X
- . AXn-\m
{]am-W-hp-a-.
66. Am-lp-hn\v \ \ne-bvp ISw sImSp-p-Ibpw
sNp--]w \n-b-ambpw \n-fpsS sXp-Isfmw
Rm amp-I-f-bp-Ibpw Xmgv`m-K-qsS Acp-hn-I Hgp-
In-sm-n-cn-p Nne tXm-f - n \mw \nsf {]th-
- fbpw in-n-bpw sNpw. (2.6.5.12)
kao: sImmw! JpZm-hns hon [\-sampw
tijn-n-p-m-hn-. tijn-n-cp-s-n-se-n\v
ISw-sIm--Ww? \n-fpsS sXp-I ambn-p-
I-fv kz-n Fn-m-sav ]dXv
Fn-\mWv? JpZm-bpsS t]cv]-dv apl-Zv
\_n XImcyw ImWp- I - b m- b n- c p- s v
CXn\nv sXfn-bp-p.
67. Amlp Dt-in-p--hv Ah s]mdpp sImSp-
p-p. Ah Dt-in-p--hsc inn-pp. Bpw
400
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
\evIn-bn-n-m-Xp \npw \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
(2,6,5.18-20)
kao: C_neokv Bsc thW-sa-nepw ]m]n-
bm- p- - X p- t ]mse apow JpZmbpw
C_neokns ]Wn-sN-p-p. A-s\-bm-sW-
n \c-I-ntem kz-ntem t]mtI-Xv
JpZm-bm-Wv. Fs-m ssZhw ]m]-]p-Wy-
sNpbmfmbn, Pohm-flmhv ]mc-[o-\-
\p-am-bn. tk\m-]-Xn-bpsS B-b-\p-k-cnv
ssk\yw Bsc-sb-nepw sImp-Itbm cn-
p- I tbm sNbv X m tk\m- ] - X n- mWv
AXns \-Xn--I. ssk\y-n-\. Chn-
sSbpw AXp-t]membn.
68 Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-m-scbpw A\p-kc
- np
\S-p-I. (2.7.5.95)
kao: JpZmbvv klm-bn-bp-sv sXfnp.
BcpsSbpw XpW-bn-m-h - Fv ]d-bp-Xv
-sh-dp-sX-bm-bnt?
69. Ignp t]mbXv Amlp amp sNbvXn-p-v. `mhn-
bn Bsc-nepw (Cu sXn-te-p) aS-n-bm Amlp
Ahs t]cn inm-\-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-pw. (2.7.5.95)
kao: sNbvXp-t]mb ]m-]- an-p-Xv
]m]w sNm t{]cn-nv Ah hn-n--em-
Wv. ]m]w an-p-sav Fhn-sS-sb-nepw ]d-
bp-s-n AXv Cuiz-c-stbm GsX-nepw
hnZzm-stbm IrXn-b-, ]m]-h-I-am-Wv.
ht- m- h p ]m]- n \nv hnp- \ n-
evm {]mn-p-Xpw kzbw {]b-Xv\npw
]m--]npw hnp-\n-evp-Xpw DNn-X-amWv.
shdpsX ]m]n-p-Ibpw ]m]-n \n-
Ip \nevm-Xn-cnpIbpw sNp--Xp-sImv
^e-ta-bn-.
70. Amlphns t]cn Iamtcm- ] n- p- I tbm
Asn "F\np Znhy-k-tiw e`n-n-pv' Ah\v JpZm apo-p sImmw. ap-t{i-jvT-
bmsXmcp kt-ihpw e`n-n-n-m-Xm\pw Fp ]d-bp-
Itbm sNp--h-t\-m A{Ian Bcm-Wp-Xv?
Amlp Ah-X-cn-n--Xp-t]m-se-bp-Xv Rm\pw Ah-X-
cn-n-m-sap ]d-bp--h-t\-m A{I-anbpw BcmWv?
(2.7.6.93)
kao: CXn\nv Hcp Imcyw sXfn-bp-p.
JpZm- h ns hN- \ - Fs- t a C- d - p-
sv apl-Zv \_n ]d Imev, Xs
taepw hN-\-an-d-p-spw Rm\pw {]hm-N-I-
\m-sWpw thdmtcm Ah-Im-i-s-n-cp-p.
Abmsf AI-m\pw kzbw \ne-\nevm\pw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
thn Cu hN-\- AcpfnbXm-bn-cn--Ww.
71. \mw \n-sf-kr-jvSn-p. Fnp \mw \np cq]w
\evIn, ]noSp ae-p-It- fm-Sp BZ-ans\ kmjvSmwKw {]W-
an-p-I-sbp \mw Iev]n-p. C_veoskmgnp _mn-
bp--h-scmw \a-kvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah {]W-
an--h-cn-eps-n-. Rm \ntmSp Iev]n--tm \o
\a-kvc - n-m-Xn-cn-m Imc-Ws
- a-sp Amlp tNmZn-
p. C_veokp ]d-p Rm BZ-an-s\-m DIr-
jvS-\mWv. Fs \o krjvSn-n-cn-p-Xp XosImpw
Ahs\ krjvSn-n-cn-p-Xp Ifn-a - p-sIm-p-am-Wt- m.
Amlp ]dp: Ahn-sS-\nv Cd-n-tm-Iq. Ahn-sS-
\n- \ v Alw- ` m- h w \Sn- p- h m Ah- I m- i - a n- .....
C_veokv ]d-p; a\p-jysc (a-c-Wm-\--cw) Fgp-t-
ev]n-p Znh-kw hsc F\nv Ah[n \evIq. Amlp
A-cpfn : \n\v Ah[n \evIn-bn-cn-p-p. C_veokv
]dp: Fs \o hgn- s X- n- n- cn- - s Imv \ns
t\am-n \np a\p-jysc hgn-sX-n-p-hm \n-
b-ambpw Rm Imn-cn-pw. Ah-cn A[n-Ia - m-fp-Is
- fbpw
IrX--cmbn \o ImWpI-bn. Amlp ]dp: \o
\ny\pw X-s--h-\p-ambn Ahn-sS-\np ]pd-p-t]m-
Iq. a\p-jy-cn \ns ]nXp-S-cp--Xmtcm, \n-sf-m-
h-scbpw sImv Rm \cIw \nd-bvpw. (2.8.7.11-18)
kao: C_veokpw JpZmbpw Xn \-S-p
iWvT {i-tbmsS tIp-I. Cu C_veokv
shdp-samcp `rXy-s\-tm-ep--h-\m-Wv. Ah-s\-
tmepw JpZmbvv Aa sNm Ign-n-
, Ahs Bflm-hns\ ipnbmm\pw Ign-
n-. Cs\sbmcp Xmtm-n-bmb hncp-
-s\, Bfp-Isf ]m]nbmp-X - n\np hne-
m\pw ssZh-n\p Ign-n-. CXp henb
sXm- b n- t m- b n. C_v e okv - Fmhtcbpw
hgnsXn-p-tm ssZhw C_veo-kns\ hgn-
sX- n- p- p. CXnw ssZhw C_v e o-
kns C_veokm-sW-t? Xs hgn-sX-n-
sv C_veokv JpZmtbmSp ]d-bp-p-v. Cu
JpZm-bn ]hn-{X-Xbpw ImWm-\n-. Fm Xn-
I-fp-sSbpw Bcw-`-m\w JpZm-bm-Wv. Ccw
mp tN-X-. tZh-Zq-X-m-tcmSp kwkm-
cn-p Cu JpZm ico-c-ap Aev]-\pw
\ymb-c-ln-X-\p-am-Wv. AXn-\m hnZzmam
Cmw aXw CjvS-s-Sn-.
72. Bdp Zi- I - f n- e mbn BIm- i - ` q- a n- I sf krjv S n
Amlp XsbmWv \n-fpsS cn-Xm-hv. ]noSv
Ah knwlm-k-\-n Ccpp (hn{ian-p) k-S-s-
p-sImv \n-fpsS cn-Xm-hns\ hnfn-p-I. (2.8.7.54-
55)
kao:- Bdp-Z-i-I-fn * PK-ns\ krjvSn-p-
* Bdp-Zn-\
- f
- n-sev ap Jp-B XPpaIfn ImWp-p.
401
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Ibpw ]ns knwlm-k-\-n Ccn-p-Ibpw
sNp CuJpZm kh-i-n-amt\m kh-
hym-]ntbm A. AXp-sImv CXv JpZm-b-.
Cu JpZm s]m- \ mtWm? hnfn- mte
tIpthm? CsXmpw Cuiz-c-c-Nn-X-a-.
JpB Cuiz-co-b-hp-a-. BdpZ-i-I-fmbn PK-
p-m-n, Ggmw Zi-bn hn{i-a-hp-ambn!
oWn- p- t ]m- b - X mhmw! InS- p- d - n- b nv
CXphsc Fgpt-n-nt? Fgptsn h-
]-Wnbpw sNp-ptm? AtXm shdpsX Ae-
k-\m-bn-cpv kpJn--bmtWm?
73 `qanbn Ipg-a - p-m-n-smv \mi-Im-cn-If
- m-bn-o-
c-cp-Xv. (2.8.7.74)
kao: CXp \ Imcy-am-Wv. ]t CXnp
hn]- c o- X - a mbn shp- h n- f nv Im^- d o- sf
sImm\pw ]d-bp-ptm. CXv ]qhm-]-c-
hn-cp--at? CXn \np a\-n-emmhp--
Xv, \_nv in-bw Dm-b-tm Cu
D]mbw Is-n-b-Xm-hmw. in-hn--
tm iWvT-Iq-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-mw. GXm-
bmepw ]c-kv]c hncp--am-I-bm cpw kXy-
a-.
74 Atm aqkm Xs hSn \ne-n-p. XWw AXm
AXp kv]jvS-am-bn-p-Xs Hcp ]mm-bn-o-cp-p.
(2.9.7.107)
kao: Cs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xn \nv
JpZmbpw \_nbpw CsXmw hniz-kn-n-cp-
st {Kln-m-\m-hp-p-q. Fn Ch-cn-
cp-hcpw hnZzm-m-c-m-bn-cp-p. Fs-m
In\p ImWm\pw sNhnp tIm-\pta
Ign-bq. AXn-\m CXv C{-Pm-e-am-bn-cn--Ww.
75 Atm sh-sm-w, shp-n-fn, t], Xh-f, cw
Fn-hsb hy-amb ZrjvSm- -f - mbn AhcpsS t\sc
\mw Ab-p. Ah-cpsS Imcy-n \mw inm \S-]-Sn-
I-sf-Sp-p. Ahsc \mw kap-{Z-n-em-gvn-sm-pIf-
p. C{km-Cu k-Xn-Isf \mw kap-{Z-ns adp-
I-c-bn Fn-p. Cu P\-X-bpsS amw \in-n--s-
Spw. Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv \njv^-e-hp-am-
Ipw. (2.9.7,133, 136, 138, 139)
kao: \ns Rm ]mns\ hnp ISnp
sImn-p-sav Nne I-a-{-hm-Zn-I- `oj-
Wn-s-Sp-p--Xp-t]m-en-cn-p-nXv! Hcp Iqsc
Ac IS-p-Ibpw Hcp Iqsc apn-sm-p-
Ibpw sNp Cu JpZm A[nbpw ]-
]m-Xn-bp-at? tImSn--W-n\p a\p-jy-cpsS
aXw I-am-sWpw X-fp-tS-Xp-am{Xw icn-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
bm-sWpw ]d-bp--h-cp-tS-Xn-t\-m hymP-
aXw GXmWv? Fs-m Hcp aX-nepw
Fm Bfp-Ifpw \-htcm Notbm Bbn-cn-
n-. Hcp hi-t-bvp am{Xw kqNn Xncn-p-
h-bvp-Xv alm-aq-V
- m-cm-Wv. ]gb \nb-a- n-
tebpw P_q-dn-tebpw Jpdm-\p-ap-m-bn-cp thZ-
]p-kvX-I- hN-\- I-am-bn-cptm?
I-am-sWp ]d Ah thsd GsX-nepw
aX-n-t-Xm-bn-cptm? Bbn-cp-s-n AXv
GXv aXw? Jp B\n \nv AXns t]cv
]d-bmtam?
76 \n-ba- mbpw Fs \o ImWp-Ib - n-. AXns\ Ah
IjvWw IjvWa - m-n-f
-
- p. aqkm t_m[-cl - n-X\
- mbn
hoWp. (2.9.7.143)
kao: ImWm Ign-bp--sXmpw hym]-I-a-
. Cs\ Ap-X - Imn Npn-bS- n JpZm
Cubn-sS-bXv \nn-htm? Xopw hnZym-
hn-cp--amb Ccw Imcy--sfmpw hniz-kn-
-cp-Xv.
77. \ns cn-Xm-hns\ \ns a\-n hn\-b-tmSpw
`b-tmSpw IqSn D-n-ep hmp-I IqSmsX {]`m-
X-nepw kmbm--nepw kvacn-pI (2.9.7.205)
kao: Nnte-S-smw D-kz-c-n cn-Xm-
hns\ hnfn-m ]d-bp-p, Nnte-S-smw
Xmgv kzc-n-epw. CXn-te-XmWv icn? GXp
sXv? ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp--am-bXv D--Ko-X-am-bn-
cn-pw. {`a-c-ln-Xm-am-btX hniz-kn-m-hq.
78. bp-n ssIh-cp sIm-ap-X Fp icn-bmb
`mj. kzp--sf-p-dnv Ah \ntmSp tNmZn-p-p.
ka-mnX kzp- Am-lp-hnpw ZqXpw Ah-
Im-i-s--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv Am-lp-hns\ kqn-
p-I. (2.9.8.1)
kao: sIm-bn-Sp-I, sIm-m-cs ]Wn
sNbvI, JpZmbpw {]hm-N-I\pw tNv ]cn-ip-
-thjw sIpI, CsXmw B-cy-P-\Iw
Xs. Am- l p- h ns\ `b- s - S p- I , Fnv
sIm-bS- n-pI apX-emb Zphr-n-I sNp-
I, R-fpsS aXw _lp-tI-a-sav e-bn-
msX ]d-bpI CsXmw shSnv kXy-amb
thZ-[w kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cnpIC-Xn-tesd
IjvS-sa-pq?
79. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS thcp-Xs Adp-p-I-f-bp-I--
H- n- \ p- ] p- d tI asm- mbn hcp Bbncw ae- p-
Isfsmv Rm \nsf klm-bn-pw. kXy-\n-tj-
[n-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n Rm `bw P\n-n-pw. AXp-
sImv (k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Isf!) kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS Igp-
402
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
p-I shn-sm-p-I. Ah-cpsS hnc-ep-I-sfmw shn-
ap-dn-bvp-I. (2.9.8,7,9,12)
kao: _te-t`-jv! CsX-smcp Zbm-lo-\-cmb
ssZhhpw {]hm- N - I \pw! Aap- k v f o- sf
thtcmsS Adp-p-I-f-bWw t]mepw, ssZh-
ns Btbm! Ah-cpsS Igp-d - p-Ww!
ssIIm-ep-I-fnse hnc apdn-Ww! Cu JpZm
cmh-W-s\-m Ipd C\-a-. CsXmw
Jp B Im-hns hI-bm-Wv, ssZh-n-
t-X-. ssZh-n-t-Xm-sW-n \apv B
ssZh-n \n-I-emw. B ssZhhpw Hgnp
t]mI-s.
80 Amlp apkam-m-tcmSp kXy-hn-izmkn Fp XPp-
a-bn apkam F ]Z-n\v kXy-hn-izmkn Fpw
Im^n F-Xn\v kXy-\n-tj[n Fp-amWv Jp B
]cn-`m-j-I k{X {]tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xv IqsS-bm-Wv.
kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf Am-lp-hnpw ZqXpw \nsf
Pohn-np \np am--fn-tebvv Atlw hnfn-
m Dcw \Ip-I. Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs ZqX-
m-tcmSpw \n h\ ImWn--cp-Xv. Am-lphpw
KqUm-tem-N\ \S-n-sm-n-cpp. KqUm-tem-N\ \S-
p-X - n Amlp AXnka-\s - {X. (2.9.8.19,24,27,30)
kao: Amlp apkvfow ]-]m-Xntbm? Fn-
eXv A[-am-Wv. Cuiz-c Fm krjvSn-bp-
tS-Xp-am-Wv. hnfn-msX ssZhw tIn-t?
_[n-c-\mtWm? Ah-t\m-sSmw {]hm-N-I
klm- b n- b m- b Xv \m- b n- . Am- l p- h ns
GXp JP-\m-hmWv \nd-n-cn-p--Xv. hn-
m? {]hm-N-I-tbpw Ah-cp-tSbpw JP-\m-
shm-gnsI asmw sIm-bS- n-mtam? Cs\
D]-tZ-in-m Am\npw A[n-pta
Ign-bq. KqVm-tem-N\ \S-p-Ibpw \S-p--
h-tcmSv tNcp-Ibpw sNp JpZm Im]-Sy-n-
tbpw NXn-bp-tSbpw A[-n-tbpw ssZh-
at? Cu Jpdm ssZh-Ir-X-ta-b-. GtXm
Im]-Sy-m--c NXn-b Dm-n-bX - m-Wv. As-
n C-s\-sbms FgpXn hbvptam?
81 Iogvhgw Am-lp-hnpam{Xam-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-
-Xp-hsc Ah-cp-ambn bpw sNp-I. \np h
[\hpw e`n-n-p-s-n AXns An-sem-cwiw Am-
lp-hnpw ZqX-pw. Ah-Im-i-s--Xm-Ip-p. (2.9.8.39-41)
kao: Cs\ A\ym-b-ambn bpw sNn-
p apkvfow JpZm-tb-m imn-`-RvP\w
sNn-p am-cm-Wp-Xv? Cu aX-n D]-
tZ- i n- p, Am- l p- h npw {]hm- N - I \pw
thn sIm- b n- S p- I bpw CSp- h n- p- I bpw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sNp k{Zmbw Ih- m- c p- t S- X t?
sImapX-en \nv ssZhw ]p ]nSn-p-
Xv Ih-m-c-\m-I-bm-et? Cu sIm-
m-cpsS ]w ]nSn-p-Xv ssZhn-I-Xbvp
a-te-ev]n--em-Wv. Cu ssZhhpw ]pkvX-
Ihpw {]hm-N-I\pw temI-n imn-`w-K-
ns D]m-[n-I-fp-ambn Fhn-Spp hmthm!
Bcyw Xs. Ccw aX- temIv
{]N-cn-m-Xn-cp-s-n temIw B\--n-em-
dm-Sn-tb-s\.
82 kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf, Ah-cpsS apJpw ]n`m-K--
fnepw ASn-p-sImv ae-p-I sImp k`w \o
In-cp-s-n Pzen-p An-bpsS in-sbmp
cpNnp t\mp-I. Ah-cpsS Ip- Imc-W-ambn
Ahsc \mw \in-n-p. ^n-Hus kap-Zm-bs \mw
apn-sm-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Am-lp-hn \ns
Imcy- `c-ta-ev]n-p-I. (2.9.8.50,54,60)
kao: Fp ]d-bpp? CubnsS djy Sn-
tbbpw Cwv CuPn-]vXn-s\bpw Iog-S-n.
ssZh-Zq-X-m Atm Fhn-sS-tm-bn-cpp?
Xs B{in-X-cpsS i{Xp-sf ssZhw apn-
sm-p-ab- n-cp-s-n Ctm-g- s\ sNm--
sXv ? As\ kw`- h n- mbv I - b m Cu
Imcyw hniz-k-\o-b-a-. ""\n\-sp sNm-\m-
bmepw ap aX-mv AXp ZpxJ-Zm-b-I-am-I-
W-sapw'' ap-ap D]-tZ-i- F{X No-
bm-sWp t\mp-I. hnZzm\pw [mn-I\ - p-amb
Zbmep Cs\ D]-tZ-in-n-. JpZm Zbm-ephpw
\ymb-Im-cnbpw BsWv An-s-gp-Xo-p-v.
\ymbw Zb XpS-nb kZvKp-W- Cu JpZm-
bn \ns-{Xtbm AI-se-bmWv!
83 Hm, \_o! \n\p Am-lphpw \ns ]nXp-Sp
kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw am{Xw aXn. Hm \_o! kXy-hn-izm-
kn-Isf bp-n\v t{]cn-n-p-I, am-io-e-cmb Ccp-]-
Xp-t] \n-fn-ep-s-n Ccp-\q-dp-t]sc Pbn--S-mw.
\n ]nSn-s-Sp--Xn \Xpw \nb-am-\p-kr-X-hp-am-
bXp `np sImpI. kqn-p-I. Amlp At-
bw s]mdp-p--h-\m-Wv. (2.10.8.64,65,69)
kao: Xs `mKw ]nSnv A\ymbw sNbvXmepw
Ah-cpsS ]w ]nSn-p-Xpw \ sNp-
Xpw Fp \ymbhpw [hpw sshZp-jy-
hp- a mWv ? P\- - f n imn- ` wKw Dmn
bpw sNbvXpw sNnpw sIm-b-Sn-p
apX \nb-am-\p-krXamsWp ]d-bp--bmsf
an-p-h - \pw Zbm-ep-hp-am-sW-p ]pI-gvp-
Xv JpZm-bv-, \ a\p-jyp t]mepw
403
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
tN-X. Ccw hN-\--fp Jp-B
Cuiz-c-h-N-\-ta-b-.
84. Ah-bn-emWv Ah imiz-X-ambn \nh-kn-p-I. al-
mb {]-Xn^ew Am-lp-hn--em-Wp-Xv. kXy-hn-izm-
kn-Itf! \n-fpsS ]nXm- - mcpw ktlm-Zc - - mcpw kXy-
hn- i zm- k - n- s \- X n- c mbn kXy- \ n- t j- [ - s - b mWv -
kvt\lnp--sX-n Ahsc \n-fpsS cm-Im-
-fmn sh-cp-Xv. ]noSv Amlp Xs ZqX-\nepw
kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifnepw Ahs ] \np a\x-k-
am-[m\w Cd-n- - p.... \np ImWp-hm Ign-bm
Nne ssk\y--sfbpw Ah Cd-n. Fnp kXy-\n-
tj-[n-Isf Ah inn-p..... kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iv {]Xn-
^ew CX- s {X.... ]noSv CXnp tijw Xm
Dtinp-h-cpsS sXv Amlp s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-
pw....... kXy-a-X-n\p Iogvsp Pohn-m--h-cp-amb
thZ-m-tcmSv bpw sNbvXp-sIm-pI. (2.10.9.22, 23, 26,
27, 29)
kao: kz-n-ep-h - c
- psS ASp-mWv JpZm-
sb-n Ah k-hym-]n-b. k-hym-]n-
sb-n krjvSn-Imthm \ymbm-[o-it\m
Bhp-I-bn-. kzw amXm-]n-Xm--sfbpw an{X-
-sfbpw AI-p-Xv shdpw A\ymbamWv.
No D]-tZiw sNbvXm AXv tI-cp-Xv.
]t Ahsc kZm ip{iq-jn--Ww. ]v
JpZmbvv apo--tfmSv henb kvt\l-am-bn-
cp-p. Ahsc XpW-bvm ssk\ys Cd-
nsmSppambncpp. Ctm-g-s\ sNm-
-sX-mWv? Im^-dn-sf innnv ]noSv
Ahp t\sc Cd-p-am-bn-cp JpZm Ctm-
sg- h n- s S- b mWv? bp- a n- msX kXy- h n-
izmkapm- m ssZh- n\p Ign- b n?
Ccw ssZh-n \nv AIse \nevmw.
CsXp ssZhw? shdp-samcp Iqm--m-c!
85. Am-lp-hn-\np t\cntm AX-s-n R-
fpsS ssIp-X-stbm Ah \nv B]-p-h-
cpn shbvp-sa-mWv \n-fpsS Imcy-n R-
{]-Xonncn-p--Xv. (2.10.9.52)
kao: apo ssZh-ns t]meo-km-b-
sXv ? Xs ssIsImtm. R- f psS
ssIp-X-stbm ap aX-msc ]nSn-Iq-Sp-
satm? tImSn--W-n\p ap-a-\p-jy ssZh-
n\p {]nb-shct? apow--fnse ]m]n-
Ifpw A{]n-b-cmtWm? Fn ""A-Im-c-p-c-
bnse Kh-I cmPm-hns' \nb-amh-en-bm-
ehmw* CXv. _pn-am-m-cmb apo-fpw Cu
* BNmc `m\p-hnse IY-bm-WnXv
kXym-{]-Im-iw
ASn-m-\-an-m aX-n hniz-kn-p-Xp
IjvS-am-Wv.
86. kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ipw, kXyhn-izm-kn-\n-Ipw Nne
tXm- \evIm-sav Amlp hmKvZm\w sNp-p.
Ah-bpsS Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS Acp-hn-I Hgp-In-sm-n-
cn-pw. XX B tXm--fn-emWv imiz-X-ambn \nh-kn-p-
I. nc-ambn \nevp Nne tXm-fn DXvIr-jvS - -
fmb Nne hmk--e- al-m-bXv Am-lp-hns
{]oXn-b-s{X. AXs{X al-mb hnP-bw....... A[n-t-
]n-bpw ]cn-lk - n-bpw sNp-h - c- mtcm Ahsc Am-
lphpw ]cn-l-kn-pw. (2.10 9.72, 79)
kao: CXv kv{Xo]p-cp-j-mv ssZh-\m-a-
n \evIp {]tem-`\ - a
- m-Wv. Cs-n apl-
Zp \_n-bpsS he-bn Bcpw s]Sn-m-bn-cp-
p. ap-a-X-mcpw CsXm-s-bmWv sNp--
Xv. a\p-jy ]c-kv]cw ]cn-l-kn-pw. ]t
ssZh-n-\nXp tN-X--. GXm-bmepw Cu
Jp-B Xam-i-X-s.
87. ssZh-ZqXpw At-l-tm-sSmw hniz-kn--hcpw X-
fpsS [\wsImpw tZlw-sImpw bpw sNbvXp.
AhmWv \-I-fp--Xv..... Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-
p ap{Z-hncn-p-p. Xn-anw Ah {Kln-p-
n-. (2.10.9.88,93)
kao: t\mq XIm-cy-m-cs ]Wn! apl-
Zv\_ntbmSp hnizmkw ]pep-h - am{X-
amWv \-h! Am--h No! CXv ]-
]m-X
- n-sbpw, Ahn-Zy-bp-tSbpw B[n-Iy-at?
JpZm ap{Z-h-s-n, ]m]w sNp--Xn-e-h-
, JpZm-bvmWv A]-cm[w. Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-
n \-I-b-dmsX ]qn-h-bvp-I-bm-Wtm
Dm-bXv? CsX{X henb A\ym-b-amWv!
88. Zm\-[- aptJ\ ipnbpw hfbpw t\Sn-sm-
Sp-phm Ah-cpsS [\-n \np Zm\-[-
kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw Ahp-thn {]mn-bpw sNp-
I..... kzw {]Xn-^e
- a
- mbn \evIm-sa \nbn-t
kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS ] \nv Ah-cpsS Poh\pw
[\hpw Amlp hnebvp hmn-bn-cn-p-p. Ah
Am-lp-hns am-n bpw sNp-p. As\
h[n-pp. h[n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. (2.11.9.103.111)
kao: sImm-atm apl-Zv kmln_v! Av
tKmIp- e ob tKmkm- b n- I v Xpey- a mbn
sNbvXp-I-f--sm. Zm\w hmepw AXp
ip-am-epw tKmkm-bn-I-fpsS ]Wn-bm-Wv.
JpZmbpw sImmw. \ I-hSw Xs. ]mh-
s--hsc apo--sf-smv sImnv em`-sa-
Sp-p-Xv sImmw. A\m-Ysc sImn-p-
Xpw AXn\p Iqen-bmbn kzw \evIp-Xpw
404
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Zb-bn-m-bvabpw A\ym-b-hp-am-Wv. CXv JpZm-
bpsS JpZm-Xz-n\v Ifw Nmn _pn-am-
m-cnepw [mn-Ic
- nepw Ah-b - p-fh
- m-Ip-p.
89. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-sf, \n-fp-sS-b-Spp Xma-kn-p
kXy \ntj-[n-I-tfmSp kacw sNbvXp-sIm-p-I. Ah
\n-fn ]cp-j-kz-`mhw ImW-s. Hmtcm sImhpw Hcp
{]mh-iytam As-n cp-{]m-hi - ytam B I]-Sh- n-izm-
kn-Isf Hmtcm Xcw B]-p-I-fn AI-s-Sp-n-sm-
n-cn-p-Xv Ah ImWp-nt? Fn-p-IqSn Aq-
]m--]np hnc-an-pItbm Nnn-p-Itbm sNp-n-
-tm. (2.11.9.123,126)
kao: t\mq, asmcp hnizm-k-h-\ JpZm
ap-o-sf ]Tn-n-p-I-bm-Wv. Abm-c-
s\tbm h-h-cp-sSbpw `rXy-s\tbm kabw
]mv B{I-an-p-Itbm sImp-Itbm -sN--
Ww. Ccw Jp-B hN-\--fm apkam-
m As\ [mcmfw sNbvXn-p-v. C\n-sb-
nepw Ccw Imcy- No-bm-sWp a\-
n-emn Jpdm-\nse Ccw hN\sf \ncm-
I-cn-p ]w AXp \m-bn-cn-pw.
90. BImi`qan-Isf Bdp Zni-*I-fn-embn krjvSn-n-cn-p
Am-lp-hmWv \n-fpsS cn-Xm-hv. ]no-S-h Imcy-
Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp \nb-{n-p-sImv knwlm-k-
\-n m\-ap-d-n-p. (3.11.10.3)
kao: BImiw Hbpw Bcpw krjvSn-m--
Xp-amb A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. AXp krjvSn-s-s-gp-
Xnb Jpdm Im-hn\v ]Zm-hnZy Adn-
hn-m-bn-cp-p. Cuiz-c\v Bdp-Zn-hkw (Zni)
thtWm krjvSn-m? "Dmhv' Fm-m-
]n-m Dmhpw Fv Jp-B-\ns ]d-
n-cns Bdp-Zn-h-ktam (Bdp Zni-I-tfm)
thn- h - c p- n. AXn- \ m Cu Bdns
IWv icn-b-. hym]-I-\m-sW-n apI-fn
knwlm- k - \ - n- s e- n- \ n- c n- Ww? Imcy-
"\nb-{n-pI-I-bm-sW-n JpZm a\p-jy-
Xp-ey-\m-Wv. kh--\mb ssZhw m\-ap-
d-n-n-cpv Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp \nb-{n-p-
-sX-n\v? AXn-\m Cuiz-ck - z-cq-]a
- d
{]mIr-X-cmWv Cu ]pkvXIw cNn--sX-p-sX-
fn-bp-p.
91. A-mlphns ImcpWyhpw Ahs A\p-{K-lhpw
aqew am{X-amWv Cu Jp B \nv.... (3.11.10.58)
kao: Cu JpZm apo--fp-tSXp am{Xtam? ap-
* asm X-a-I-fnepw Bdp-Zn\w Fm-Wv. ss__n-
fnse DXv]-n-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNpI
kXym-{]-Im-iw
- h - c psS ssZh- a t? Imcp- W yhpw A\p-
{Klhpw apkam\v! ampw C. apkam
Fp ]d- m [an- j vT- \ m- s W- n
Abmsn\v inWw? apo- a - m- -
hv inWw \evIp-n-s-n JpZm-bpsS
inWw hy-am-Wv.
92. \n-fn-te-hpw \mbn {]hn-p--Xm-cm-sWv
Ahp ]co-n--dn-bphm\mWv. ac-Wm-\-cw \nsf
]p\o-hn-n-p-sap \o ]d-bp-tm (3.12.11.7)
kao: {]h\w ]co-n-p--bm kh-
-\-. ac-Wm-\-cw Dbnn-p-sa-n
hnNm-c-W--S-hn hn-cn--bm-hmw. acn--h
Pohn-n F kz\nbas CXp JWvUn-
p-p. CXv ssZh-n\v A]-Ion-I-c-am-Wv.
93. Hm `qao! \ns shs Dntep hen-p-I.
BIm-ita ag-\np-I. shw Ipd-bm XpSn......-
Fs kap- Z m- b ta CXv Am- l p- h ns H- I - a mWv .
\nsmcp ZrjvSm--am-bn-mWv CXp \ne-sIm-p-
Xv . AXp-sImv CXns\ hnt-p-I. CXv Am-lp-
hns `qan-bn tap Xnp-sIm--s. (3.12.11.44,64)
kao: F{X _meniw! `qanbpw BIm-ihpw ]d-
m tIptam? sImmw! ssZh-n\v
s]sm- - I - a p- s - n BsWm- - I hpw
ImWntam? B\ IpXnc Igp-X-Ifpw Dm-
hptam? ssZhw H- I - ns\ tabv p- Xp
ImWm _lp-c-k-am-bn-cnpw. khm-cnbpw
sNptam? C-s\-bm-sW-n \hm-_ns
ih--fm-Wn-sXm.
94. BIm-i-`q-an-I \ne-\n-evp Ime-tmfw Ah
AXn-emWp \nh-kn-p-I........ PohnX hnPbw {]m]n--
h BIm-i-`q-an-I \ne-\n-evp Ime-tmfw kz-
n-emWv imiz-X-ambn \nh-kn-pI. (3.12.11.107-108)
kao: Ibm-a-ns \mI-gnv Fm-hcpw
kz- nepw \c- I - nepw t]mIp- s a- n
BIm-ihpw ]rYznbpw BmWv? BIm-ihpw
`qanbpw D-{Xbpw Imeta kz-nepw \c-
- n-bm I-nepw ]mq Fn "kz-nepw \c-
I-nepw kZm ]mp-sap ]d-Xp I-
am-Wv. Cs\ Atc ]d-bq. Cuiz-ct\m
hnZzmt\m ]d-bn.
95. bqk^v Xs ]nXm-hn-t\m-Sv....... Fs {]nb-s
]nXmth Rm kzv\-n In-cn-p-p. (3.12.12.4 ap
57-h-sc)
kao: Cu {]I-c-W-n ]nXm-]p-{X-kw-hm-Z-
cq- ] - n \ndsb IY- I - f mWv . AXn- \ m
405
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Cuiz-cI - r-Xa
-
- n-Xv. GtXm a\p-jy a\pjyNcn-
{X-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv.
96. XqWp-I IqSm-sX-Xs BIm-i-a-WvU-e-sf
Dbn-h-n-cn-p--h-\s{X Am-lp. Ah Xs
knwlm-k-\-n m\-ap-d-np. kqcy-s\bpw N{-
s\bpw Ah Iogvs-Sp-n-h-p. `qap-Js hnim-e-am-
n-bn-Sp-I-bpw...... Ah BIm-ip \np ag s]n-
p-p..... tXmX-\p-k-cnp hcn-sh--sam-gp-Ipp.... Xm\p-
t- i n- p- - h v Amlp karnbmbn Blmcw
\evIpp. ]cn-an-X-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. (3.13.13.2-
3,17,26)
kao:apow-ssZ-h - n\p ]ZmY-hnZy Adn-p-
Iq-Sm. Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-n BIm-i-n\p
XqWpw Xmpw sImSp-p IY ]d-bp-I-bn-
m-bn-cp-p. knwlm-k-\-n Ign-bp JpZm
kh-i-\pw kh-hym-]nbpw Bhp-I-bn-.
taL-hn-Zy- A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-n BIm-i-p-
\np ag s]n-p-s-s-gp-Xp-I-bn-. `qan-
bn\np shw tatem- s m- g p
sbspsIms-gp-Xn-bn-? JpdmIm-c\v
taL- h n- Z ybpw Adn- h n- m- b n- c p- p. \Xpw
Nobpw sNm kpJ-Zpx-J- \evIp-
XpsImv ]-]m-Xnbpw A\ym-b-m-c\pw
\nc--c-Ip-n-bp-am-Wv.
97. Xm\p-t-in-p-h
- sc A-mlp hgn-Im-Wn-msX hnSp-
p. ]m--]np aS-p--hsc Xs ASp--tev
Ah hgn-Im-Wn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. (3.13.13.27)
kao: Amlp hgn- I m- W n- p- n- s - n
C_v e okpw JpZmbpw Xn FmWp
hyXymkw? C_veokv ap-h- sc hgn-]n-g - n-p-
-Xn-\m No-bm-sW-n JpZm hgn-Im-m-
bvIbmepw No-bm-hp-nt? hgn-Im-m--
hpw \cIw hn[n-m--sXv?
98. Cu Jp-Bs\ Ad-_n-`m-j-bn-ep Nne Iev]-\-I-
fm-bn-mWv \mw Ah-Xc
- n-n-n-cn-p-X
- v. \n\p icn-bmb
m\w hp Inn-b-tijw...... \psS ktiw P\--
sf Adn-bn-p-hm-\p _myX-am-{Xta \n\-p-q. Ah-
cpsS IWpt\mm- \ p Npa- X e \ap- m- W v .
(3.13.13.37,40)
kao: Jp-B FhnsS \nmWv hn-d-n-
bXv? ssZhw apI-fn-emtWm? Fn- GItZ-
in-bm-I-bm ssZh-a--Xv. Fs-m ssZhw
kh{X Hcpt]mse hym]n-n-cn-p-p. kt-
i-sa-n-p-Xv kt-i-hm-l-Is tPmen-bm-
Wv. kt-i-hm-l-I a\p-jy-s\-tmse GI-
tZ-in-bm-b -h -\ p-a-X n. IWv FSp- pXpw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Xop-Xpw a\p-jys tPmen-bm-Wv, ssZh-
n-t-X-. Fs-m ssZhw kh--\m-
Wv. \n-b-ambpw Jp-B GtXm Aev]--
\mb a\p-jy Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv.
99. CS-ap-dn-bmsX k-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p hn[-n
kqcy-s\bpw N{-s\-bpw...... a\p-jy XnI A{I-
anbpw Aev ] wt]mepw \n- b n- m- - h \pw Xs.
(3.13.14.33.34)
kao: kqcy\pw N{\pw kZm k-cn-p-
tm `qan k-cn-p-nt? Cs-n cm]-
I-ep-I hj-t- fmfw \o-Xm-hpw. a\p-jy
B{Ianbpw \n-bn-m--h-\p-am-sW-n Jp-
B-\n \np inWw tXSpXp shdp-sX-
bm-Wv. ]m]w sNp--XmWv kz`m-h-sa-n
]pWym-flm-m Dm-hp-Itb C. temIv
]pWym-flm-mfpw ]m]n-Ifpw kZm ImW-s-
Sp-p. AXn-\m Cmcyw Cuiz-c-Ir-X-amb
{K-n-te-X-.
100. Rm cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw Fs Poh AXn Rm
DuXp-Ibpw sNbvXp-I-gn-m B a\p-jy\p \n
kmjvSmwKw \a-kvI-cn-p-sIm--Ww. ....... Fs cn-
Xmth! Rm hgn-]n-g--h-s\p \o hn[n Iev]n-n-cn-
sImv `qan-bn a\p-jyp Rm ]eXpw Aew-Ir-
X-amn ImWnp sImSp-pw. Fnv Ahsc Rm hgn-
]n-g-npw. (3-14.15,29,39)
kao: JpZm Xs Poh BZ-an DuXn-sb-
n Abmfpw JpZm Bbn. As- n
kmjvSmwKw \a-kvI-cn-p-sIm--W-sap ]d-
-sX-n\v? sNIp-ms\ hgn-]n-g-n-Xp
JpZm-bm-sW-n JpZm sNIp-ms Bim
Xs- b t? hgn- ] n- g - n- p- - h s\ \n
sNIp- m- \ mbn KWn- p- s - n sNIp-
ms\ hgn-]n-g-n-Xpw JpZm Xs. Rm
hgn-]n-g-n-p-sav sNIp-m Dd-s--d-
npw ssZhw Ahs\ ]nSnp sIn sImm-
-sXv?
101 kh-k-ap-Zm-b--fnepw \mw Hmtcm ssZh-Zq-X-msc
\ntbm-Kn-n-p-v...... \mw D]-tZ-in-m ""DmIq'' Fv
AXnt\mSv Iev]n-pI am{Xta sNt--Xp-q. DSt\
AXm AXp-m-Ip-p. (3.14.16.36-40)
kao:- Fm kap-Zm-b-n\pw ssZh-Zq-X-msc
Ab-s-n, Fm-hcpw ZqX-m-cpsS hgntb
Pohn-p--h-cm-I-Ww. ]ns-s\ Im^n
Bbn? \n- f p- t S- b - msX ap- { ]- h m- N - I sc
AwKo-I-cn-nt? CXp XnIpw ]-]m-X-am-
406
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Wv. FmbnSpw {]hm-N-Isc Ab-s-n
Bcym-h-n-em-sc-bm-W-b-Xv? CsXmw
ip s]mfn-bm-Wv.
JpZm Dt-in-pp ]d-bpp `qan-bp-m-I-
s--v. B PU-hkvXp Hcn-epw tIn-.
ssZhw Fn\v B ]pd-s-Sp-hn-Ww?
JpZm-b-msX asm-p-an-s-n-cns BcmWv
Iev]\ tIXv? Dm-b-sXv? CsXmw Ahn-
Zy-bm-Wv. Am-\n-Itf CsXmw hniz-kn-q.
102 Amlphn\v Ah-cXm s]asf m]n-p-p.
hmkvX-h-n Ah ]cn-ip--\-s{X..... Am-lp-hmWp
kXyw. (Zq-X-msc) \mw Ab-npv. (3.14.16.57-63)
kao: Amlp s]Ip-n-I-sf-sm-sp
sNpw? a\p-jyt ]p{Xn-amsc thq?
]p{X-msc m]n-msX ]p{Xn-amsc m]n-
p--sX-n\v? CXns ImcWw ]d-bmtam?
BW-bn-Sp-Xv I-m-cm-Wv. ssZh-a-, Fs-
m temI-n AWn-bp--h-cmWv I-
m. kXy-hm Fn\v BW-bn-SWw?
103 Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- pw sNhn-Ipw IpIp-
amWv Amlp ap{Z-h - n-cn-p-X- v. Ah A{i-c
- s
- {X......
Fm Bflm-hp-Ipw B Bflm-hp-I {]hn-
Xp ]cn-]q-ambn \evIpw, Ah-tcmSv (H-pw) A\oXn
ImWn--bn-. (3.14.16.108-111)
kao: JpZm ap{Z-h-s-n B ]mh- A]-
cm-[-sampw sNmsX acn-p-Im-Wpw. Fs-
m Ahsc ]cm-[o-\-cmn. CsX{X henb
IpamWv? ]nsdbpp, sNbvX-Xn\p X-
h-w, \-hw G-p-dh - n-m-sX-bmWv! Ah
kzX-{-ambn ]m]w sNbvXn-. JpZm sNn--
Xp-sImmWv sNbvX-Xv. Atm-gmXv Ah-cpsS
A]-cm-[-a-. AXns ^ehpw Ahp e`n-
- c pXv . ssZh- n- \ mWv ^ew Int- - X v .
]q-ambn \Ip-sa-n an-p-sap ]d-
-sX-mWv? an-p-sa-n AhnsS \ymb-
an- m- X mIpw. Cu Kpep- a m- e - [ ymbw Cuiz-
ctX Xs. _pn-bn-m Ipn-I-fp-tS-Xm-
Wv.
104. \cIw kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ip Pbn-em-bn-mWv \mw
\n-bn-n-cn-p--Xv....... Fm a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw iIp-\-
sf Ah-cpsS ]nI-gp-n \mw _n-n-cn--bm-Wv.
]p\-cp-m\ Znhkw Ah\v Hcp {Kw \mw ]pd-t-
s-Sp-p-sIm-Sp-pw. AXv Xpd-p-h-n-cn-p-Xv Ah
ImWpw...... \qln\ptijw F{X Xe-ap-d-I-sf-bmWp \mw
\in-np If--Xv. (4.15.17.8.13,17)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kao: Jp-B, {]hm-N-I, Jpdms JpZm,
Ggmw BImiw, \amkv apX-em-b-h-bn hniz-
kn-m--bm-fm-Wv Im^n. \cIw Ah-\p--
Xm- W v , Fn shdpw ]- ] m- X - a m- W n- X v .
Fsm Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-p--h
am{Xw \-hcpw as-m-hcpw No-bp-am-sWv
Fs\ hp-Iq-Sm-\mWv? Hmtcm-cp--cpsS
]nI-gp-nepw iIp-\-sf sIn-h-bvp-Xv
shdpw _men-i-am-Wv. BcpsS Igp-nepw \-
fnXp In-n-. CXns {]tbm-P\w Ia-^ew
\evI-em-sW-n a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b-nepw
Inepw apw ap{Z-h-bvp-I, ]m]w an-pI
apX-em-b-hsbmw Fp Ifn-bmWv? Ibm-a-
ns cm{Xn- b n ssZhw Xpd- p
]pkvXIw Ctm Fhn-sS-bmWv kqn-n-
cn- p- - X v? I- h - S - m- c s IW- s -
gppt]msebmtWm CsX-gp-Xp-Xv? ]qh-
P--an-s-n Pohm-flm-v Iata km[y-
a-. ]ns-s\ Ia-te-J\w (i-Ip-\-)
Fgp-Xn-hp? Ia-an-msX Fgpv! ]ns
A\ym-b-hpw. \Xpw No-bp-amb Ia--fn-
msX kpJ-Zpx-J--sf-s\ \evIp-p? JpZm-
bpsS kuI-cy-am-sW-n AX-\ym-b-am-Wv.
\bpw Xnbpw sNmsX kpJ-Zpx-J^ - e
-
-
\evIp--Xn-\mWv A\ym-sap ]d-bp-Xv. B
ka-bv JpZm Xs ]pIw hmbn-p-tam,
klm-bn-I h-hcpw hmbn-ptam? ZoL-
Imew _-ap-m-bn-cp Pohm-flm-sf Ipw
sNmsX h[n JpZm A\ymbImcn-bm-bn.
A\ym-b-Imcn Hcn-epw ssZh-a-.
105 kaqZv kaq-Zm-b-n\v H-Is hy-amb ZrjvSm--
ambn \mw \evIn..... hgn ]ngnm Ign-hp-h - s
- c-sbmw
\o Cf-n-hnp hgn-]n-g-n-p-sIm-p-I...... Fm a\p-jy-
scbpw Ah-cpsS BZi-]p-cp-j-m-tcm-sSmw \mw hnfn-
p Znhkw kvac-Wo-b-a-s{X. h-h-cp-sSbpw dnmUv
Ah-cpsS he- - n \evIs - -m AhXs X-fpsS
dnmUp-hm-bnpw. Ah-tcmSv AWp-thm-fhpw A\oXn
ImWn-p-I-bn-. (4.15,17.59,64,71)
kao: Xam-i-Xs! ssZh-ns Ap-X-I-c-
-fmb \nc-h[n AS-bm-f--fn-cns Hscm--
Is ssZh-ap-s--Xn\p sXfn-hmbn \evIp-
-sX-n\v? sNIp-ms\ hgn-]n-g-n-m
Bm-]n--tm JpZm Xs sNIp-ms
bP-am-\\pw Fm ]m]hpw sNn-p--Xn-\p-
-c-hm-Znbpw Bbn. C-s\-sbm-ns\ ssZh-
sap ]d-bp-Xv shdpw A-X-bm-Wv. Ibm-
407
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
a-ns \mfn ({]-f-b-n) am{Xta \ymb-
hn[n \S-p--Xn\v {]hm-N-I-s\bpw hnizm-
kn-I-sfbpw hnfnq. Fn AXp-hsc Ah
hnNm-cW - - S- h - p-Im-cm-bn-cn-ptam? A-s\-bm-
sW-n \ymbw \S-p--Xp-hsc Ah-scmw
ZpxJn-X-cm-bn-cn-tb Dq. AXn-\m thKw
\ymbw \S-p--XmWv \ymbm-[n-]p--aw.
IqSmsX Cu \ymbw "A-Im-c-]p-cn-bnse
{`m cmPm-hns' \ymb-am-bn-cnpw. "Ip-m-
scbpw \-hs - cbpw A-Xp-sIm-t- v hnNm-
c-W--S-hn hbvp-Ibpw sNp-Xv A\o-
Xn-bmWv. \ymb-ad - n-bm thZhpw a\p-kvar-Xnbpw
t\mp-I. W-am{Xw sXm-sX-bp \ymbw
Ahn-sS-m-Wmw. Hmtcm-cp-cpw Ah-c-h-cpsS
Ia-a\ - p-kc
- nv intbm ctbm kZm {]m]n-
p- s Im- n- c n- p- p. IqSmsX {]hm- N - I sc
kmn-bmn hp sImn-cn-p-tm ssZh-
ns kh- - X bv v lm\n- h - c p- p.
Ccw ]pkvXIw Cuiz-c-Ir-Xtam Cs\
D]-tZ-in-p JpZm ssZhtam BIptam? C-
X-s.
106 imiz- X - a mbn \nh- k n- m- \ p Nne tXm-
AhpXmWv. A-bpsS Xmgv`m-K--fn-eqsS Acp-hn-
I Hgp-In-sm-n-cn-pw. Ahsc Ahn-sS-hp kz-
ns Nne hf-I [cn-n-pw..... ]--ns hkv{X-
fpw Ah [cn-n-cn-pw. ta-tb-dnb Nne In-ep-I-
fn Nmcn-sm-mWv Ah-cn-cn-p-I. F{X-\ {]Xn-^ew.
F{X-\ hn{i-a--ew. (4.15.18.31)
kao:- _te-t`jv! Jp-Bs kz-n B`-
c-W-fpw hkv{Xhpw Inepw Xe-bn-Wbpw
kpJn-m-\pv! Chn-Shpw apow-kzhpw
Xn, Ahn-sS-psd A\ymbw Ds- - msX
Fp-hy-Xym-k-am-Wp--Xv. _pn-am-m Nnn-
-Ww. Iw AapXpw ^ew A\-hpw!
\nXyhpw a[p- c w- ` - n- m Iptd Znh- k -
Iw AXp hnj-Xp-ey-amIpw. kZm kpJ-
am-bm B kpJw ZpxJ-ambn amdpw. AXn-\m
alm- I - e v]- ] - c yw apn- b - \ p- ` - h nv
]p\w FSp-p--Xt{X kXy-kn-m-w.
107. B ]-W-sf \mw \in-n-Xv Ah A{Iaw
{]hn-n-tm-gm-Wv. Ah-cpsS \mi-n\p \mw Hc-
h[n \n-bn-n-cp-p. (4.15.18.59)
kao: Hcp ]-W-n apgp-h\pw ]m]n-I-fm-
bn-cn-ptam? Ah[n \n-bn-p-Xv Cuiz-
c k--\-m-Rm-Wv. A\ymbw Int
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ah[n \n-bn-pq. AXn\p ap]v Adn-hn-
m-bn-cptm? IqSmsX Zbm-lo-\-\p-am-sWp
hcp-p.
108 B bphm-hmIs, Ahs amXm-]n-Xm- kXy-hn-
izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-p. Ahsc A{I-a-n\pw kXy-\n-tj[-
n\pw \n_-n-p-sap \mw `b-s-p..... Ah-km\w
kqcy AkvX-an-p e-s-n-b-tm Idp
Ifn-a-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp Pem-i-b-n kqcy AkvX-an-
p--Xpw.... Hm ZpJ ss\! bAvPqPqw aAvPqPqw *
Cu \mn \mi- a p- m- n- s m- n- c n- - b m- W v.
(4.16.18.80.86.94)
kao: Cu ssZhw F{X henb A-\m-Wv.
bphmhv amXm-]n-Xmsf Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-p-
sap `b-s-Sp-p. CXv Cuiz-cs hmp-I-f-
. Ahn-Zy-bpsS _mlpeyw t\mp-I. Cu
]pkvX-I-Im-hns hnNmcw kqcy cm{Xn-
bn GtXm Ipf-n apn cmhnse s]mp-
sa-m-Wv. `qan-tb-m F{Xtbm hep--ta-dnb
kqcy Ipf-ntem kap-{Z-ntem Fs\
appw? `qan-im-kv{Xtam hm\-im-kv{Xtam Adn-
bm-bmfmWv Jpdm Im-shp hyw.
As-n-en-s\ FgpXn hbvptam? Cu -]p-
kvXIw hniz-kn-p--hpw Adn-hn-. As-
n Ccw Imcy-s - f-gpXnb ]pkvXI
-
- n
Fn\p hniz-kn-pp? JpZm-bpsS A\ymbw
t\mp-I. ]rYn-hn-bpsS {kjvSmhpw \ymbm-[o-
i\pw ]me-I-\p-am-bn-cns, bAv-PpPpw, aAv-
PpPpw \mi-ap-m-m A\p-hmZw \Ipp!
Cuiz-c-Xbvp hncp-amWnXv. ImS-mt
CsXmw hniz-kn-m-\m-hq. hnZzm-mm-hn-
.
109 Jp-B\n aban*s\p-dnp {]kvXm-hn-pI: Xs
IpSpw- _ - n \n- I v Ing- p- ` m- K - p Hcp
ev Ah H-sp Pohn-k -
- `w......... Ah Hcp
ad-bp-m-n....... \mw \psS ae-ns\ Ah-fpsS ASp-
-tev Ab-bvp-Ibpw aev Ah-fpsS apn Hcp
XnI a\p-jy-cq]w kzoI-cn-p-sImv {]Xy--s-Sp-
Ibpw sNbvXp...... \nn\np c-{]m-]n-t--Xnp
Ic-Wm-\n-[n-bmb Am-lp-hns\ Rm\nXm A`bw {]m]n-
p-sIm-p-p..... B ]pcp-j ]dp; Rm \ns
cn-Xm-hns Hcp ZqX am{Xw ]cn-ip--\mb Hcp
Bk-m-\s \n\p {]Zm\w sNt-Xn-\mWv
Rm hn-cn-p--Xv. Fs Hcp a\p-jy\pw kv]in-
* Ch Hcp-Xcw A]-cn-jvIrX PmXn-I-fm-Wv. sImbpw
]nSn-p-]-dn--ep-am-bn-cpp sXmgn-ev, tKmKv, satKmIv
Fo h-f - m-Wt{X Ch
* bAvPqPpw, ab-AvPpPqw
* I\ym-a-dnbw
408
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
n-n-. Rm hy`n-Nm-cn-Wn-bp-a-. F\n-s--s\-bmWv
HcmIpn P\n-pI! As\ Ah B Ipnsb K`w
[cn-bpw ....... Zqsc-tmbn H-sv Xma-k-am-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. (4.16.19.16-20,22)
kao:- _pn-am-m Nnn-p-I. ae-p-I
ssZhm-flm--fm-sW-n aepw ssZhhpw
Hm-Wv. c. cm-aXv CX-\ym-b-am-Wv. I\y-
I-bmb adnb-an\v Ipn P\n-p-X - v. B-cpsSbpw
ASpw Ah-fm-{K-ln-n-. ssZh-ns B-
bm aev Ahsf K`n-Wn-bm-n. CXv \ymb-
hn-cp--am-Wv. a-k-`y-Im-cy-fpw ChnsS Fgp-
Xo-p-v. AsXmw Fgp-Xp-Xv DNn-X-a-.
110 kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf t{]mm-ln-n-t-X - n\v Ah-cpsS
ASp-t- ev \mw ]nim-Np-sf Ab-b v p-Xv \o ImWp-
nt? (4.16.19.83)
kao: hgn- s X- n- m (k- X y- \ n- t j- [ n- I sf
t{]mm-ln-n-m) ssZh-amWv ]nim-Np-sf
Ab-bvp--sX-n AXv Ah-cpsS sX-.
Ah-sctbm ]nim-Nn-s\tbm inn-p-IqSm.
ssZhm--bm-em-sWmw \S-p--Xv. CXns
^ew JpZm-bvm-bn-cn--Ww. kXy-hm-\mb
\ymb-Im-cn-bm-sW-n ssZhw X\nsb \c-I-
t`mKw kzoI-cn-Ww. \ymbw hnp-am-dn-bm
A\ym-b-m-c-\m-hpw. A\ym-b-m-c-s\-bmWv
]m]n-sbp ]d-bp--Xv.
111. ]m--]n-p-Ibpw kXy-n hniz-kn-p-Ibpw
k-a-\p-jvTn-p-Ibpw Fnv t\amw {]m]n-
bpw sNbvX-hv Rm \n-b-ambpw hf-sc-tbsd
s]mdp-p-sIm-Sp-pw. (4.16.20.82)
kao: ]m--]n-m ]m]w s]mdppsImSp-
p-sap Jp-B\ - n ]d-bp-Xv Fm-ht- cbpw
]m]n-I-fm-p-I-tb-bp-q. ]m]w-sN-m-\p
kmlkw Ahp IqSpw. AXn-\m Cu
]pkvX-Ihpw CXp-m-n-b-bmfpw ]m]n-Isf
]m]w sNm t{]mm-ln-n-p-p. AXn-\m-
enXv ssZh-Ir-Xtam CXn ]d-bp ssZhw
ssZhtam A.
112 `qan a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-IqSn Nmp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-t-Xn\v
AXn \mw Nne ]-X- m]n-pI-bpw......
(4.17.21.31)
kao: Jp-B Im-hn\v `qan Id-p-Xm-
sWpw apw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-s-n, Nmbm-
Xn-cn-m ]-X- m]n-spw apw
Fgp-Xp-I-bn-m-bn-cp-p. ]Xw m]n-n-s-
n Nmp-t]m-Iptam Fp kwi-bn-p-Im-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Wpw. Fnpw `qI--n `qan Ipep-p--
sX-mWv?
113 Xs ]mXn-{h-Xys kwc-n-p-t]m-h
- s
- fbpw \mw
\psS Bflm-hn Hcwiw Ah-fn DuXn..... Hcp ZrjvSm-
-am-n-h-p. (4.17.21.91)
kao: Ccw Ao- e - ssZh- ns
]pkvX-I-ntem? k`y-cmb a\p-jyt]mepw
CsXmpw Fgp-Xp-I-bn-. CsXm-s-smv
Jp-B Zpjn-pp. \ Imcy-sf, thZ-
n-te-Xp-t]mse hfsc {]iw-kn--Ww.
114 BIm-i--fnepw `qan-bn-ep-ap-hcpw kqcy N{
\-{X- ]-X-, hr-, arK- Fn-h-
bpw........ Am-lp-hns\ kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-p-Xp \o
ImWp-nt?........ kz-ns hf-Ifpw app-amWv
Ae-m-c-n-\mbn AWn-bnpI....... Ah-cpsS hkv{Xw
]m-bn-cn-pw..... {]Z-nWw sNp-h - pw \npw Xe-
Ip- \ npw kmjv S mw- K - a mbpw Bcm- [ \ \S- p- -
hpwthn Fs an-cs ip-amn hbvp-I.....
]noSv Ah X-fpsS Agp-p-I If-bs. Ah-cpsS
_my-XI - \nd-th-s. ]pcm-X\ an-cs {]Z-nWw
hbvp-Ibpw sNs, _en...... Am-lp-hns \maw
Ah D-cn-m-\m-Wv. (4.17.22.18, 23, 26, 29, 34)
kao: Cuiz-c-s\-p-dn--dn-bm Ign-bm PU-
h-kvXp- Cuiz-cs\ Fs\ `Pn-m-\mWv?
AXn-\m Cu ]pkvXIw Hcn-epw Cuiz-c-
Ir- X - a - . GtXm {`m- \ p- m- n- b - X m- W v .
sImmw! Hm-cw kzw Xs. kz-
app-am-e-I-fpw ]p-h-kv{Xhpw Inp kzw
! ssZh-n\p an-c-ap-s-n AXn ssZhw
Xma-kn-p-p-apv. ]ns CsX-s\ hn{K-
lm- c m- [ \bm- X mIpw? Atm AXns\
JWv U n- p- - s X- n\v ? _en- b n- m\pw,
kzw an-c-s {]ZnWw hbvp-hm\pw
Pohn-Isf sImnp Xop-hm\pw, ]d-bp Cu
JpZm A-e--fnse ss`ch ZpKm-Zn-Ip
kam-\-\mbn. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS ISpw-{]-Nm-
c-IXs! Fs-m hn{K-l--tf-m
hep-XmWv akvPnZv F hn{Klw. AXn-\m
JpZmbpw apo-fpw henb hn{K-lm-cm-[-Icpw,
]ucm-Wn-Icpw ssP\cpw sNdnb hn{K-lm-cm-[-
I-cp-am-Wv.
115 ]noSv ]p\-cp-m-\-Zn-hkw \n Fgp-t-ev]n-
s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. (4.18.23.16)
kao: Ibm-a-ns \mhsc acn--h I-d-
I-fn Ign-bptam. AtXm ap-h--bn-S-ptam?
I-d-I-fn-em-sW-n No ZpKw han-
409
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
p ico- c - n- e n- c pv ]pWym- fl m-
t]mepw Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn--bnt? C-X-\ym-b-at?
ZpK-m-[nIyw \nanw tcmK-ap-mpIbm
JpZmbpw apo-fpw ]m]-n ]p-]-p-p.
116. kzw \mhp-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw Ah-cpsS {]h-
\- - s f- p- d nv Ahs- X n- c mbn kmn- ] - d - b p
Znhkw....... Amlp BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Imiw BWv.
Ahs {]Im-i-ns nXn Npa-cn-ep Hcp amSw
t]mse-bmWv. AXn-semcp hnf-p-v. B hnfv Hcp
kv^Sn-I] - m-{X-n-em-Wn-cn-p-X - v. In-n-f- p Hcp
\{Xw t]mse-bpv B kv]Sn-I-]m-{Xw. A\p-Kr-lo-X-
amb Hcp hr-ns sskq-\ns F-sIm-
mWv B hnfv In-s - -Sp-X - v. B ssk-qacw
Ingtm ]Sn-mtdm hf H. B F kzbw
{]Im-in-n-p-hm ]cym-]vXa - m-Wv. tap-ta {]Imiw.
Xm\p-t-in-p--hsc Xs {]Im-i-n-tev Amlp
hgn ImWn-p-p. (4.8.24,24,35)
kao: ssIIm-ep-Ifpw apw PU-am-I-bm
Hcnepw kmn-]-d-bp-I-bn-. CXv krjvSn-{I-
a- n\v hncp- - a m- b XpsImv anYy- b mWv .
ssZhw Xotbm sshZyp-Xntbm BtWm? Cu
ZrjvSm--sampw ssZh-n\p tNcp--X-.
GsX-nepw kmIm-c -h -k vXp-h n\p tbmPn- -
XmWv.
117. Nen-p Fm Pohn-I-sfbpw -shn\n-mWv
Amlp krjvSnn-cn-p-X - .v Fnv Ah-sb NneXv hb-
dn-t Cgp \S-p-p..... Bsc-nepw Amlphn-
s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-I-bpw...... \o
]d-t-pI: \n Am-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs ZqX-
s\bpw A\p-k-cn-p-I.... \n ssZhm-\p-{K-l-n\p
]m{X-am-bn-o-cmthn..... ssZh-Zq-Xs\ A\p-k-cn-p-
I. (4.18.24,45,52,54,56)
kao: Pohn-I-fpsS ico-c-n Fm `qX-X-
z-fpw Zriy-am-bn-cns, Ah-bn sh-
n \nmWp krjvSn-n-cn-p--sXp ]d-
bp- Xv Fp ^ntem- k - ^ n- b m- W v ? CXv
Am-\-ns {]I-S-\-am-Wv. Am-lp-hn-
smw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-m ]d-
bp-tm JpZm klm-bn-bph\m-bnt ?
Fnev JpZm- b v v B- c p- s Sbpw klmbw
thspw klm-bn-bn-m--h-\mWv JpZm-
sbpw ]d-bp-Xpw Fn-\mWv?
118. BImiw taL-tm-Sp-IqSn s]mn-n-f-cp-Ibpw ae-
p-Isf hfsc henb tXmXn Cd-p-Ibpw sNp
Znh-kw..... AXp-sImv kXy-\n-tj-[n-Ip \o hg-n-
tm-Ic - p-X.v Jp-BsImv Ah-tcmSp tLmc-ka
- cw sNp-
I..... Ah-cpsS Xn-IfpsS m\v Amlp \-Ih-
p-sIm-Sp-pw....... ]m--]np aSn kevw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
sNbvXp Fm, Amlphn--tev ]cn-]q-amb
\nebvv Ah aS-p-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. (4.19.25-
25,52,70,71)
kao: BImiw taL--tfm-Sp-IqSn Hcn-epw
s]mn-n-fcp-I-bn. BImiw aqn-a-m-sW-
n-et s]mq? Cu Jp-B imn `RvPnv
el-fb- p-m-n-bn-cp-X
- m-Wv. AXn-\m [man-
I-cmb k-\- CXns\ hniz-kn-p-n-
. ]m]-]p-Wy- amn adn-p--sX-p\ym-
b-amWv? Fn\p ]Icw Dgpp ssIam-dp--
Xp-t]mse eLp-hmtWm CXv? ]m--]n-
m ]m]w Xocp-Ibpw Cuiz-c-{]m]vXnbpm-
hp-Ibpw sNp-sa-n, ChnsS Bcpw ]m]w
sNm aSn-p-I-bn-. CsXmw hnZym-hn-cp--
amb Imcy--fm-Wv.
119. Fs Zmk-m-scbpw sImv \o cm{Xn s]mbvsm-
pI Fpw \nsf ^n-Hu ]np-S-cm t]mIp-p-
spw aqkmp \mw ktiw \evIn. Atm ^n-
Hu Bfp-Isf tiJ-cn-m ]-W--fn-tep Xs
ZqX-msc Ab-p... Fs krjvSn-p-Ibpw Fnv
F\nv h- gn ImWnp Xcn-Ibpw sNbvXh - \- pw...... F\nv
Blm- c - ] m- \ o- b - \ev I p- - h \pw...... {]Xn- ^ ew
\evIp Znhkw Fs sXp-I s]mdp-p-X-cp-sav
Rm Bin-p--h-\pw. (5.19.26-52-53,78-79,82)
kao: aqkmbvp ssZhw ktiw \evIn-bn-
s-n Zmho-Zn\pw tbip-hn\pw apl--Zn\pw
hopw kt-i-a-b--sX-n\v? Fs-m
Cuiz-co-b-hmWn Ftmgpw am-an-m-Xpw
Ip-a--Xp-am-Wv. AXn\p ]nmse Jp-B
hsc- b p ]pkv X - I - Ab- b v p- t m
ap]v Ab-h A]qhpw sXp--h-bp-am-
sWp hp-Iq-Sp-p. BZys aqp ]pkvX-
I- kXy-am-sW-n Jp-B Ak-Xy-am-
Wv . ]c- k v ] - c - h n- t cm[w {]mtbWbpXn
\mepw Xopw kXy-am-bn-cn--sb-Xv \S-
n-.
JpZm-bmWv Pohs\ krjvSn--sXn AXp
acn-bpw sNpw. AXm-bXv AXn\v \miw
AYhm A`m-hhpw Dm-Ipw. Cuiz-c\ - mWv a\p-
jy- s cbpw ap Pohn- I - s fbpw Xon- t m-
psXn Bpw Hcp tcmKhpw Dm-bn-
qSm. Fm-hpw -Xp-ey-ambn `Ww e`n-
p-Ibpw thWw. ]-]m-X-]-c-ambn Hcmv
D-ahpw asm-cmv A[-a-hp-amb `Ww
e`n- p- I q- S m- - X m- W v. cmPm- - mv
t{ijv T hpw `n- m- c \v Xcw- X m- W - X p- a mb
410
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
`Ww e`n-m ]mSn-. Cuiz-c\mWv Dup-
Xpw ]Yyw ]men-n-p--Xp-sa-n Bpw
Hcp-tcm-Khpw Dm-bn-Iq-Sm-Xs. ]t apo-
pw tcmKw hcp-p-v, ssZh-amWv tcmKw
ian-nv k
- uJyw \Ip-Xv. JpZm-bm-sW-n
apo-v tcmKta hp-Iq-Sm. hcp-s-n
IpZm apdn-ssh-Zy-\m-Wv. ]qW-ssh-Zy-\m-sW-
n apo-v tcmK-sa-s\ hcpw? Pohn-
n-p-Xpw ac-W-a-S-bn-p-Xpw JpZm-bm-sW-
n B JpZmbvv ]m]-]p-Wy-fpw Gp-
p-m-Imw. P-P-m--c--fnse Ia\p-k-
cn-mWv Cu hyh sNp--sX-n ssZh-
n\v A]-cm[w C. \ymbhpw, ]m]w-s]m-dp-
epw Ibm-a-ns \mfn-emWp sNp--sX-
n JpZm ]m]- h - I - \ mbn ]m]-
bp\mIpw. an-p-n-s-n, Jpdms
hN\w sXm-sWp hcp--Xn\nv Hgn-hn-m-
Xm-Ipw.
120 \o R-sf-tm-se-bp Hcp a\p-jy am{X-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv Hcp ZrjvSmw sImp-h-cq. \o kXy-hm-Zn-
bm-sW-n..... Atlw ]d-p. CXm CXp (Zr-jvSm--
am-bp) Hcp H-I-am-Wv. CXn\p shw IpSn-m Hcp
Dug-ap-v. (5.19.26.154 155)
kao: In* \nv HIw Dm-sbv ]d-
m Bcm\pw hniz-kn-ptam? Ah A]-
cn-jvIr-X-cm-bn-cp--Xn-\m hniz-knp. H-I-
ns\ ZrjvSmw sImSp-p-Xv Imp-Pm-Xn-
m-cpsS coXn-bm-Wv. ssZh-n-t-X-. Cu -
]pkv X Iw Cuiz- c - I r- X - a m- b n- c p- s - n
Cs\ hy-amb Imcy--sfmpw Fgp-Xn-
n-Sn-n-n-m-bn-cpp.
121. Hm aqkm! Fm-h-scbpw Pbn-p--h\pw XnI
X{-\ - p-amb Amlp Rm\-s{X. "\o \ns hSn \ne-
n-SpI' As\ AXv Hcp k-s-tmse Nen-
pXp I-tm aqkm ]nn-cn-tm-Sn. Hm aqkm!
\o `b-s-tS Fs kn-[n-bn ssZh-Zq-X-m `b-
s-Sp-I-bn-.... Am-lp-hmsX Hcp ssZh-hpan--Xs.
Ah al-mb knwlm-k-\-ns \mY-\-t{X......-\n-
Fs Iogvs-Sp-m Hcp-t. Iog-S - n-smv cmPXzw, thsdm-cm-fn\v `n-sb-Sp- Hcm-fn\v
Fs ASp--tep hcn-I. (5.19.27.9.10,26,31)
kao:- t\mq Amlp hepw ]dv
s]mp-Xp t\mp-I. Bfl-{]-iwk t{ijvT-
cmb a\p-jyt]mepw sNpIbn. ]ns-bm-
Wtm ssZhw! ]ns C{-Pmew Imn-Im-p-a-
* AhnSw Hcp I {]tZ-i-am-bn-cp-sv ap hN-\--fp-
v.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
\p-jysc hi-mn Imnse ssZh-ambn hmgp-
p. Cuiz-co-b {K-n C-s\-sbmpw
hcn-. JpZm henb knwlm-k-\-ns, AXm-
bXv Fgm-am-Im-i-ns DS-b-h-\m-sW-n
GItZin (H-cp--e-sm-Xp-p--h)bmbn.
GItZin ssZh-am-In-. Ie-lhpw el-fbpw
Dm-p-Xv icn-bs-n ""apl-Zv \_n
At\Iw t]sc sImp.'' Fpw apw ]pI-
gvn--d-bp--sX-n\v? el-f-bp-m-msX
Fs\ Ccw ]pI-gv-ep-I? Cu Jpdm
]qhm-]c sshcp-[y-fpw Bh-\hw \nd-
-XmWv.
122. ]-X-sf ImWp-tm Ah Ddp \nevp-I-bm-
sWv \n\p tXmpw. hmkvXh -
- n Ah taL-
Nenpw t]mse Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Fm
hkvXp-sfbpw hyh-n-X-amb \nebvpw kwLSnp-
d-np \nn-bn-cn-p Am-lp-hns {]h-\a
- s{X
AXv. (5.20.27.88)
kao: taL--sf-tmse ]-X- Nen-p-
Xv Jpdm-\p-m-n-b-h-cpsS \mn-em-Wv. as-
p- a , JpZm- b psS {]h\w, I
C_veokns\ ]nSnp inn-m--Xn \np
{Kln-mw. Cphsc H-s-Ip-m-s\-tmepw
]nSnp inn-n-n-. CXn-e-[nIw A{i as-
mWv?
123 aqkm apjvSn Npcpn Ah\v Hc-Sn-sIm-Sp-p. As\
Ahs IY Ign-p..... aqkm ]dp; cn-Xmth!
F\np sXp-]-n-tm-bn. \o F\np s]mdpp Xtc-
W-ta. Atm Amlp At-l-n\p s]mdp-p-sIm-
Sp-p. Ah hf-sc-tbsd s]mdp-p--h\pw ]c-aIm-cp-
Wn-I-\p-a-s{X...... \ns cn-Xmhv (Xm-\p-t-in-p-Xp
sXc-s-Sp-pw.) (5.20.28.15. 16, 68)
kao: C\nbpw t\mpI apo--fp-sSbpw
IrkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw JpZm-sbbpw {]hm-N-I-
scbpw! aqkm {]hm-N-I a\p-jys\ sImp-
p. ssZhw an-pp! Ch-cn-cp-hcpw A\ym-
b-Im-cn-I-ft? Xn-jvS-{]-Imcw JpZm sXc-
s- S p- ptam? Fn ]ns Hcm- f n\v
sshZqjyw, thsdm-cm-fn\v ]ma-cXzw Fn-s\
sXc-s-Spp sImSp--sX-s\? Fn
Jp-B kXy-a-. A\ym-b-Im-cn-bm-I-bm
CXv JpZm-bp-a.
124. Xs amXm-]n-Xm-p \ sN-W-sap a\p-
jy-t\mSp \mw Iev]np. C\n \n\p bYmyw Adn-
hn-m hkvXp-sf Fs ]pImcmn sh-Ws - av
411
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
B amXm-]n-Xm- \ntmSp iTn-mtem, Ah cp-
t]-scbpw \o A\p-k-cn--bp-a-cp-Xv. Fs ASp--te-
mWv \n- f psS aS- w. Atm \n
{]hnpsImn- c p- - X ns bmYmyw Rm
\np ]d-p-Xc - pw........\qlns\ At-l
- ns P\-
X-bn-tebvp \mw Ab-p. Fnp sXmm-bn-c-n-A-
Xp sImw Ahn- S - b n Atlw Pohn- p.
(5.20.29.8.14)
kao: amXm-]n-Xm-p \ sNp-Xp \
Imcy-am-Wv. ssZh-n-s\-b-msX asm-n-s\
Bcm[n-p-sav Ah D]-tZ-in-m sNhn-
sm-s-cp-sXp ]d-bp-Xpw icn Xs.
]t, Iw ]d-b-W-sav Ah D]-tZ-in-
m- tItWm? AXn-\m CXn ]IpXn
icnbpw ]IpXn I-hp-am-Wv. \qlv apX-emb
{]hm- N - I sc am{Xta ssZhw Ab- b v p-
ptm? ap Pohn-I-sf-sbmw Ab--Xm-
cmWv? Fm-h-tcbpw JpZm Ab--Xm-sW-n
Fmcpw {]hm-N-I-c-m--sXv? BZy a\p-
jym-bpv 950 hj-am-bn-cpsn Ctm-g-m-
-sXv? AXn-\m CXp icn-b-.
125. Amlp BZy-ambn krjvSn Iw Bcw-`n-p-Ibpw
]no-SXv Bhn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ]noSv \nsf
Xncn-b - b
- vp-Xpw Ah-t- ep Xs........ B \nanjw
\ne-hn hcp Znhkw Ip-hm-fn-I \ncm-i-bn-em-p-
t]m-Ipw...... kXy-n hniz-kn-p-Ibpw k--
f-\p-jvTn-p-I-bpw, sNp--h-cm-Is Ah Hcp-Zym-\-
n kp-jvSc - mbn Pohn-n-cn-pw...... asmcp Imp \mw
Ab-p. Fnv Ah-cpsS Irjn a \nd-ambn t]mbXv
Ah Ip...... t_m[-an-m--h-cpsS lrZ-b-v
Amlp ap{Z- h - b v p- Xv A- s\ Xs- b m- W v .
(5.21.30.11.12,15,51.59)
kao: Amlp cp XhW krjvSn-pw,
aqmw XhW Csn, krjvSn-p--Xn\p
ap]pw cmw krjvSn Ign--Xn-\p-ti-jhpw
"Npm' Ccn-p-I-bmhmw! Hpw cpw krjvSn-
p-tijw Ahs kmayw hrYm-hn-em-bn-
tm-Ip-p. \ymb-\m-fn ]m]n-I \ncm-i-cm-
Ip-sa-n sImmw. ]t apkvfo--f-m--
h-scmw ]m]n-If
- mbn IcpXn \ncm-iX
- b
- n-tep
hnSnt? Fs-m Jp B\n ]m]n-I-
sfp ]d-bp-Xv Aap-kvfo--sf-bm-Wv.
tXm-n ]mpw irwK-cn-e
- p-amWv apkvfow
kz-sa-n AXv temI-n\p Xpey-am-Wv.
AhnsS tXm- mcpw kz- - W n- mcpw
ImWpw. AsX JpZm Xs-bmtWm A-Wn-
Ifpw sNp- Xv ? Bm\pw B`- c Ww
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ipdp t]mbm tamj- W hpw \S-
ppmhpw. kz-nse I-msc \c-I-
n Cp-I-f-bptam? Fn kz-n
hkn-p--h Fpw AhnsS ]mpsa
hN\w s]mfn-bm-bn. Irjn-m-cpsS hb-en
Im-bp an-n-p--Xp, Irjn-b-dn-bm-hp--
Xp-sIm-m-hmw. Xs kh--X-bm ssZh-
n\p Irjn-bp-a-dn-bm-sa-n-cn-nepw Cs\
`b-s-Sp-p-Xv shdpw Ipdp-p-Im--emWv.
Pohn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-n ap{Z-Ip-n-bmWv
ssZhw ]m]w sNn--sX-n, ]m]-n
]m-fn-bm-hp-Xp ssZhw Xs, Poh-\ - . F{]-
Im- c - a mtWm Pb- ] - c m- P - b - tk\m- [ n- ] -
tXmIp-Xv, Aw ]m]w JpZm-bvm-bn-
cnpw Inp-I.
126. X-Xz-k-q-amb thZ-nse ZrjvSm---fm-Wn-
h............ \np ImWm-hp XpWp-I IqSm-sX-bmWv
BIm-i-sf Ah krjvSn-n-cn-p-Xv. `qan \n-
sfbpwsImp Nmp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-p-hm AXn Ah
Nne I\ ]h-X - m]n-n-cn-p-p..... \o ImWp-
nt? Amlp cmhns\ ]I- e nepw ]I- e ns\
cmhnepwsImp-t]mbntp-p....... Xs ZrjvSm--
\np ImWnp Xcp-hmthn Am-lp-
hns A\p-{K-l-tm-Sp-IqSn kap-{Z-n I-tem-Sn-p-
sIm-n-cn-p-Xv \o ImWp-nt? (5.21.31.2.10.29,31)
kao: CXp t`jmbn! Xz-k-q-amb
thZw-t]mepw CXn XnIpw hnZym-hn-cp--amb
BIm-tim-Xv]n, XqWp-]n-Sn-n-tWm F
i, `qansb Dd-n-m ]Xw \mp-p,
Fp-th, Aev]h - nZysbn-ep-ap-h - \- n-sX-gp-
Xp- I tbm AwKo- I - c n- - t bm sNp- I - b n- .
asmcp hnm\w IqSn-tIp-I. cmhp--
tm ]I-en. ]I-ep--tm cmhp-an-. CXn-
sem-ns\ asm-n Xncp-In--b-p--sX-
s\? CXp ip Am-\n-I-fpsS Imcy-
amWv. Cu Jp-B hnZym-{K--ta-b-.
I a\p-jy-cpsS hncp-Xp-sIm--, ssZh-
ns Ir]-sIm-m-Wv, k-cn-p--sXp
]d-bp-Xv hnZymhncp--at? Itm teml-tam-
sImv \uI- b p- mn sh- n- e n- m
"ssZh-ns ZrjvSmw' apn-tm-Int?
AXn-\m Cu ]pkvXIw ssZhtam GsX-
nepw hnZzmt\m cNn--X-.
127. BImiw sXmp `qan-h-sc-bp Imcy--sfmw
Ah \nb-{np `cn-p-p. ]noSv Hcp \nnX Ime-
L-- n-\p-n B Imcy-s
- fmw A-hs ASp-t- ev
412
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Ib-dn-tm-Ip-p. \n IW-m-p-- tXm-X-\p-k-cnv
B Ime-L- - ns Afhv Bbncw sIm-am-bn-cn-pw.......
Ah-\s{X AZr-iy-Im-cy-fpw Zriy-Im-cy-f- p-sa-mw Adn-
bp--h k-tcbpw Pbn-p--h\pw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-
I\pw...... cq]w \evIp-Ibpw Xs Poh AXn DuXp-
Ibpw sNbvXp..... \o ]d-t--Ww: \n-fpsS Imcyw
`c-tan--s-n-cn-p ac-W-ns aep \nsf
acn-n-pw...... \mw Dt-in-p ]w Fm a\p-jypw
Ah \S-t t\amw ImWnptImSp-p-am-bn-cp-
p. Fm Pnp-I-sf-smpw a\p-jy-sc-sm-p-
samw \n-b-ambpw \c-Is \ndbvpw. F-hmv
Fs ]\nv Dd-np Xocp-am-\np Ign-n-pv
(5.21.32.5,6,9,11,13)
kao: apow JpZm a\p-jy-sc-tmse Xs
GI-tZinbmsWv CtmXopw hy-
am-bn. hym]-I-\m-bn-cp-s-n, Hcn-S-n-cpp
\nb-{n-m-t\m, Imcy-v Ib-dmt\m Cd-
m-t\m-I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. JpZm ZqXs\ Ab-
bvp-Xv GI-tZ-in-Xz-n\v sXfn-hm-Wv. Xm
BIm-iv IpwsIn-bn-cn-th ZqX-msc
HmSn-p-p. Cu ZqX-m ssIq-en-hmn
hXpw Hn-p-hb - vptbm, GsX-nepw arXs\
hnp-I-f-bp-Itbm sNbvXm JpZm ]cp-n-b-Xp-
Xs! kh-\pw kh-hym-]-I-\p-am-sW-
nte CXp hXpw Adn-bq. AX--Xm-\pw. ZqX-
msc Ab-bvp-tm, Fn-\mWv ]esc
]e- X - c - n ]co- n- p- Xv ? Bbncw
sImw Hcp Ime-L--ambn KWn-p--Xpw,
t]mp-h-chpw JpZm-bpsS kh-i-n-Xzs
tNmZyw sNp-p. ac-W-n\p ZqX-\p-s-n
B ZqXs acWw F- s \- b m- b n- c npw?
Ah \nXy-\m-sW-n \nXy-X-bn ssZh-
Xp-ey-\mbn. Hcp ZqX\v Hcp ka-bv Fm
Poh-m-tcmSpw \cIw \nd-bvm ]d-bm-\m-hp-
I-bn-. ]m]w sNm kzw CjvS-{]-Imcw
\cIw \nd-bvp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ZpcnXw Ip
ckn-bpw sNp JpZm ]m]nbpw A\ym-b-
m-c\pw Zbm-lo-\\ - p-am-Wv. C-cs
- ams Fgp-
Xn-h-n-cn-p ]pkvXIw hnZzmt\m ssZhtam
cNn--X-. Zbbpw \ymbhpw Cm-Xv Hcn-
epw Cuiz-c-\-.
128. (Hm \_o! Ah-tcm-Sp) ]d-t-pI: a-c-W-ttbm
h[-ttbm `bv HmSn-tm-Ip ]w B Hmw-sImv
\nv {]tbm-P\w e`n-p-I-bn-. \_n-bpsS `mcy-
amtc! \n-fn-em-sc-nepw {]Xyamb \nebvp h
\oN-Ir-Xyhpw {]hn-m Ahp in Cc-n-
bmbn hn-npw. Am-lp-hn\p hfsc eLp-hmb
Imcy-am-Wn-Xv. (5.21.33.16,30)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kao: CXp apl- Zp\_n, Bcpw
bpn\np ]nn-cn-tm-Sm-Xn-cn-m\pw,
Pbn-m-\pw, aXw {]N-cn-n-m\pw, thn Fgp-
Xntbm FgpXnttN-Xm-bn-cn--Ww. `mcy-
am \oN-Ir-Xy--fn Gs-S-cp-sXtm?
{]hm-N-I\v Gs-Sm-satm? `mcy-am-cpsS
in Ccn. {]hm-N-I\v in-bn-. CtXXp
\oXn?
129. \n hoSp-I-fn AS-n-bn-cn-p-I. Am-lp-hn-
s\bpw Ahs ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-cnv Pohn-pI....
]noSv skbvZv Ahsfsmp Bhiyw ]q-Xb - n
Fnp Ign-t- m Ahsf \n\-mWv \mw hnhmlw
sNbvXp X-Xv. X-fpsS Zp-]p-{X-m-cpsS `mcy-amsc
hnhmlw sNp-X - n B Zp-]p-{X-m Ah-cpsS `mcy-
am-sc-sm-p Bhiyw ]q-am-n-g- n-m Am-
lp-hns Iev]\ \S-nh-cp-p-I-Xs sNt-n-bn-
cn-p-p............ Imcyw \S-n hcp-p--Xn \_np
Ip-sam-p-an-..... \n-fpsS ]pcp-j-m-cn Hcm-fp-sSbpw
]nXmh apl-Zv...... \nXy-hn-izmkw s - sI-sm-n-cn-p
Hcp kv{Xo Ah-fpsS tZls \_np Zm\w sNp-I-
bm-sW-n Ah-tfbpw....... Ah-cn \o Dt-in-p-h - sc
\n\p ]nn-tep amn \nmw. \o Dt-in-p--
hsc \ns ASp--te--Sp-n-mw...... \ns t]cn Ip-
sam-p-an-..... kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf! \_n-bpsS hoSp-I-fn
\n {]th-in--cp-Xv. (5, 22, 33, 37, 38, 40, 50, 51, 53)
kao: kv{XoI hoSp-If - n XS-hp-Im-sc-tmse
AS-p-]qn Ccn-p--Xv, ]pcp-j-m kzX-{-
cm- b n- c n- th, Xopw A\ym- b - a m- W v.
kv{XoIv \ hmbp izkn-m\pw \
ep \S-m\pw krjvSn-bnse At\I
hkvXp- ImWm\pw B{K-la - nt? CXp \nan-
-amWv apow Ipn-I Npn--d-p--hcpw
hnj-bm-ep--fp-am-Ip--Xv.
Am-lp-hn\pw {]hm-N-I\pw Htc Btbm
AtXm hncp-m-tbm DXv? Hm-sW-n
Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw B ]men-p-hm ]d-bp-
Xv hy-am-Wv. hn`n-hpw hncp--hp-am-sW-
n Hp kXyhpw asmp Ihpw BWv.
Hcm JpZmbpw at-bm C_veokp-am-Ipw.
IqSmsX ssZh-ns klm-bnbpw! Jp-B-
\nse JpZmbpw {]hm-N-I\pw Jp-B\pw _te-
t`jv! Hcm-fn\v at-bm-fns A`n-{]mbw Xn-
-fv kzw C km[n--W-sa-m-Wn-jvS-
sa-n C-s\-sbmw Xs thWw.
apl-Zv henb hnj-bm-k--\m-bn-cp-spw
CXn\np sXfn-bp-p. Asn ]p{X-h-
[p-hns\ Fs\ `mcy-bmpw? Cs\ sNp-
413
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
-bm-fns ]w ]nSn-m JpZmbpw A\ym-
bs \ymb-am-p ImgvN! a\p-jy-cnse ImS-
mt]mepw ]p{X-h-[p-hns\ {]m]n-m-dn-.
hnj-bm-kn {]I-Sn-n-m \_n Hpw aSn-
m-Xpw F{X A\ym-b-am-Wv. \_n Bcp-
sSbpw ]nXm-h Fn skbvZv BcpsS aI-
\m-Wv? Fn-\n-s\ FgpXn? ]p{X-h-[p-hns\
`mcy-bm-m-Xncnm Ign-bm {]hm-N-I
ap-h- c
- psS `mcy-amsc hnSptam? Ccw NmXp-
cy-sImsmpw No-m-cy-sf A\y
\nn-p--Xn\np hnp-am-dm-\m-hn. ]c-
kv{Xo-I-fm-cm\pw \_nsb kvt\lnv \nmlv
Ign-m-\m-{K-ln-m AXpw A\p-h-Z-\o-btam
\_nv GXp kv{Xotbbpw Dt]-n-m-am-bn-
cns sXp-sN-bvXmepw \_nsb Dt]-n-
m kv { XoIp kzmX- { y- a n- m- - X v
A[a-at? {]hm-N-Is hon hy`n-Nm-c-Zr-
jvSn-tbmsS Bcpw {]th-in--cp-sX-n {]hm-
N-I\pw As\ BcpsS honepw Ib-dm-Xn-
cntXt? BcpsS honepw i-sbt\y
ISpsNm kzoI- c n- t - - X m- s W-
ptm?
Jp-Bs\ Cuiz-cI - r-Xa
- mbpw apl-Zv \_nsb
{]hm-N-I-\m-bpw, Jpdm-\nse JpZmsb ssZh-
ambpw kzoI-cn-m Ign-bp-Xv GXv D-
p-s]m-n-b-h-\mWv? bpn-iq-\yhpw [a-hn-
cp--hp-amb Imcy-\n-d Cu aXs
Atd-_ycpw apw kzoI-cn-Xv Ap-Xw-X-s.
130. ssZh- Z q- X s a\- n\p hnj- a - a p- m- p- h m
\np ]mSn-. At-l-n\ptijw At-l-ns
`mcy-amsc hnhmlw sNp-hm\pw \np ]mSn-. AXv
Am-lp-hn- hfsc Kuc-ht- a-dnb hnjb-am-Wv...... Am-
lp-hnpw Ahs ZqX\pw at\m-th-Z\ Dm-p--hsc
Amlp Cl-nepw ]c-nepw i]n-pw...... kXy-hn-
izmkw ssIsIm ]pcp-j-mpw kv{XoIpw
Ah bmsXmcp sXpw {]hn-m-Xn-cns at\m-th-
Z\ Dm-p--h henb I-hmbpw k]vj-S-amb
Ip-hp-amWv Npa-nbncn-p--Xv...... Ah i]n--s--
h-cm-bn-ocpw. FhnsShp-I-p-ap-n-bmepw Ahsc ]nSn-
Iq-Sp-Ibpw \njvI-cpWw sIme-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNpw.
cn-Xmth! Ahv Ccn in \evIp-Ibpw Ahsc
At-bw i]n-p-Ibpw sNtWta. (5.22.33.53.57.58.61.68)
kao: sImmw. JpZm Xs JpZmXzw. [-
tm-Sp-IqSn {]Zin-n--bmtWm? {]hm-N-
Is\ ZpxJn-n--cp-sXv Fgp-Xn-bXp icn.
AXp- t ]mse ap- - h sc ZpxJn- n- p- -
Xn\nv {]hm-N-I-t\bpw \ntcm-[n-t--Xm-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
bn-cp-p. AsX-p-sImv sNbvXn? Bcm\pw
ZpxJn-n-m Am-lphpw ZpxJn-ptam? Fn-
eXv ssZh-a-. Am-lp-hn\pw ZqX\pw ZpxJ-ap-
m-I-cp-sXp hne-n-b-tm AXn\nv
Ahv Bscbpw ZpxJn-n-m-sap knn-
p-nt? am-scbpw ZpxJn-n-mtam?
apow kv{Xo]p-cp-j - msc ZpxJn-n-p-Xp icn-
b-s-n ap--hsc ZpxJn-n-p-Xpw sXp-
X-s-bm-Wv. CXn-s\bs-n ]-]m-X-
am- b n- t mIpw. Acm- P - I Xzw ]S- p- h n- S p
ssZhhpw {]hm-N-I\pw! Ch-sc-tmse Zb-bn-
m--hsc temIw A]qhta In-p-q.
A\ysc Fhn-sS--mepw ]nSn-IqSn sIm-W-
sa-s-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xp-t]mse Xncnv apo-
- s f- - nbpw Bsc- nepw Iev]n- m
AhnjvSs-Sptam? Fsmcp lnwk-I-c-
amb {]hm-N-I\pw apw! Xt-Xn-en-cn ZpxJw
sImSp-m ssZh-tmSp {]mn-m Fgp-
Xn-bn-cn-p-p. CXv A\o-Xnbpw ]-]m-Xhpw
XImcyw t\m-ep-am-Wv. Cpw iT-m-cmb
apo-v Cw ]mX-I- sNm `b-
an-. hnZym-`ym-ka- n-s-n a\p-jy arK-Xp-ey
Xs.
131. Imp-Isf Ab-bvp-Xv Am-lp-hm-Wv. Fnv B
Imp-I taL-sf Cf-n-hn-Sp-p. As\ B taL-
sf \no-h-ambnnS-p tZi--fn-tep \mw
\on-sm-p-t]m-Ip-p. Fnp `qansb AXp \no-
h-am-bn-n-S
- t- ijw B shw-sIm-p \
- mw Pohn-n-p-
p. C{]-ImcwXs-bmWv ]p\Po-hn-Xhpw..... Xs A\p-
{K-lw-aqew imiz-X-ambn \nh-knm\p Hcp an-c-n-
emWv Ah R-sf sImp-hp Xma-kn-n-n-cn-p-
-Xv. ChnsS Rsf oWtam Xftbm _m[n-p-
n-. (5.22.35.9.35)
kao: Fsmcp ^nem-k-^n-bmWv JpZm-bp-
tSXv! Imns\ Ab-bvpI! AXv taL-sf
s]mn-smp \S-pI! AXn-\m JpZm acn-
-hsc Pohn-np \S-pI! CsXm-p-sam-cn-
epw Cuiz-cob Imcy-a-. AXv kZm Htc-X-c-
n-em-bn-cnpw.
hoSm-sW-n Dm-msX Dm-hn-. Dm-
n-bXv kZm \ne-\n-evn-. ico-ca
- p-h
- {]b-
Xv\n-p-n-s-n ZpxJnpw. ico-c-[mcn tcmK-
n\np ap-\-. Hcp kv{XotbmSv kam-
Kaw sNbvXm Xf-bp-mIp-sa-n At\-
I-tcmSp sNbvXm Fsmcp ZpXn-bmhpw!
414
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
AXn-\m apo--fpsS kz-hm-khpw kpJ-
Zm-b-I-a-.
132. Xz--fm \nd-b-s Jp-B BWp kXyw.
\o ssZh-Zq-X
- m-cn s]-h Xs-bm-Wv. t\am-n-
emWv \o kvXnXn sNp-Xv Zbm-ep-hmb Am-lp-hn-
\nv Cd--s--XmWv (Cu Jp-B) (5.23.36.2-5)
kao: t\mq! ssZh-amWv Jpdm Dm-n-b-
sX-n C-s\-n\v BW-bn-Spp? \_nsb
JpZm Ab- - X m- s Wn ]p{X- h - [ p- h ns\
Fn\p tamlnp? Jp-B-\n hniz-kn-p-
- h t\am- n- e m- s Wp ]d- b p- Xv
shdpw ]d-n am{X-amWv t\amw Fp-]-
d-bp-Xv kXyw AwKo-I-cn-p-I, kXyw ]d-
bp-I, {]hn-p-I, ]-]m-X-an-msX \ymb-
[- - f m- N - c n- pI apX- e m- b - h - b mWv.
Chbv p hn]- c o- X - a mbh XyPn- p- I bpw
thWw. JpB\ntem apow--fntem, Ch-
cpsS JpZm-bntem Cu kz`m-ha - n-. Fm-hcnepw
{]_-e apl--Zv\-_n-bm-sW-n, Atlw
Ghpw hnZym-hm\pw kZvKp-W-bp--\p-a-m--
sXv? "X]n s]m]n, Bcm-s-]n
Nm]n'sb \b-am-Wn-Xv.
133. Ah-km\w Iml-f - n DuX-sSpw, Atcw Ah
J_-dp-I-fn\np X-fpsS cn-Xm-hn--tep [rXn-
s-p-t]m-Ipw....... Ah {]hn-p-sIm-n-cp--Xnv
Ah-cpsS Imep-I kmyw hln-p-Ibpw sNpw Hcp-
Imcyw Dt-in-m "Dm-IpI' Fp Iev]n-pI am{X-
am- W - h sNp- - X v . DSs\ AXp- m- b n- o- c p- p.
(5.23.36.51,65,82)
kao: Xe-Xn-cn Imcy- tIm-epw. Imep-
I kmyw ]d-bp--sX-s\? B-sIm-
Sp-p-tm JpZm-bmsX ap hXpw Dm-
bn-cptm? tI-Xmcv? Dm-b-sXv? Hp-an-
m-bn-cp-s-n CXp Iw. Dm-bn-cp-s-
n "JpZm-b - msX asm-p-an-m-bn-cp-p. JpZm
Fmw krjvSnp' Fp ]d-Xv Iw.
134. Hcp-Xcw ]m\obw* \nd tIm-I-fpw-sImv Ah-
cpsS apn (Nn-e) Npn-n-cn-p-sIm-n-cnpwx.....
B\w (a-Pm) ]I-cp-s - Xv DdpZq Xa (A-Xp) shfp-
Xpw IpSn-m- cpNn-bp--Xp-am-bn-cnpw....... hnim-e-
-fmb Ip-I-tfm-Sp-IqSnbhcpw Ip-I \nb-{n-p-h-
-hc- p-amb Xcp-Wn-I Ah-cpsS ASp- Dm-bn-cn-pw.
B Xcp-Wn-I ]m{X-fn ASp kqn-n-cp ap-
I t]mse-bm-bn-cnpw...... \mw C\n acn-m t]mIp-
n--tm....... eqpw ssZh-Zq-X-m-cns] B Xs-
bm-W.v At-ls - bpw A\p-bm-bn-Is- f-bp-samw \mw c-
* aZyw Fv X-a-I-fn
kXym-{]-Im-iw
s-Sp-n...... Fm ]nn-cnp \n-hc - psS Iq-n
s]n-cp Inghn eqns ]Xv\n `m-hn-s\mw
t]mbn-. AXn-eps-Sp-I-bn-. ]noSp ap--hsc \mw
\in-np. (6.23.37.45,46,48,49,58,133-136)
kao: apo- aZy-hn-tcm[w ]d-bp-s-nepw
kz-n aZy-\Z- n-If - m-sWm-gp-Ip-X - v. ChnsS
aZy- ] m\w Hgn- h m- p- s - nepw Ap
sNmes IY hfsc NobmWv.
kv{Xokmao]yw IqSn-bm Ah-cpsS Nn-amWv
N-e-am-Im-Xv? alm-tcm-K-fpw Dm-Im-
Xn- c n- n- . ico- c - [ m- c n- I acn- p- s ap
\nbw. ico-ca - n-s-n t`mK-tI-fn-I sNm-
\m-hn-. Atm B kz-n t]mIm-Xn-
cn-p-I-bmWv DNn-Xw.
eqns\ {]hm-N-I-\mbn KWn-p-s-n,
"Cs\ cp-]p-{Xn-amcpw A-\m K`w
[cnp' Fp ss__n-fn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-
Xpw AwKo-I-cn-p-p-mImw. Ds-n
C-c-msc {]hm-N-I-cmbn kzoI-cn-p-Xpw
shdp-sX-bm-Wv, Chpw Ch-cpsS Iqm-fn-
Ipw apn sImSp-p ssZhw A-c-
m-c-\m-bn-cn-mw. ap-n--Y-I ]d-bp,
]-]m-X-m A\y-sc-sm-p--bm Hcn-
epw ssZh-a-. Ccw ssZhw apofpsS
hoSp-I-fn-e-msX aspw ImWp-I-bn-.
135. imiz-Xa - mbn \nh-kn-m-\p Nne tXm-. Ah-
bnse hmXn-ep-I Ahp-thn Xpdp hn-cn-pw....
Bh B tXm-f - n Nmcn-sm-m-Wn-cn-p-I. Ahn-sS-
hv Ah [mcmfw ]g-fpw ]m\o-b - fpw Bh-iy-s-
Spw. Ah-cpsS ASp- Ip-Isf \nb-{np \nnb
ka-hb - k - vIc - mb kp-cn-I Dm-bn-cn-pw. Atcw ae-
p-Is - fmw kmjvSmwKw \a-kvIc - n-p. C_veokv AXp
sNbvXn-. Ah Alw-`mhw ImWn-p. Ah kXy-\n-
tj-[n-I-fns]--h-\m-bn-cp-p. Amlp tNmZnp: Hm
C_veokv! Fs cp-ssI-sIm-p-ambv Rm krjvSn
hkvXp-hns\ Fp-sImp \o kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-n?
\o Alw-`mhw \Sn-b - mtWm sNbvXXv? AX-, \o kztX
D-X\ - m-bX- p-sImtm? C_veokv ]d: Rm a\p-
jy-s\-m DIr-jSv \ - m-W.v \o Fs krjvSn-Xv An-
sImpw Ahs\ krjvSn-Xv Ifn-a - p-sImpamWtm.
Amlp Iev] - np. ChnsS \np ]pd-p-t]m-Iq \o Bn-
tbm-Sn-s - -tS-h - \- mWv. {]Xn-^ew sImSp-p Znhkw
htcpw Fs im]w \ns ta Dm-bn-cn-pw. C_veokv
At]-n-p. cn-Xmth! A-s\-bm-sW-n a\p-jysc
]p\o-hn-n- s - -gp-t-ev]n-p Znhkwhtcpw F\n-
-h[n A\p-hZ- n-p-Xt- c-Wt- a. Amlp Acpfn: \nnX
ka-b - ns L-sapw htcpw \n\-nXm Ah-[n....
C_veokv ]dp: \ns {]Xm-]a - mWp kXyw.A-hs - csb-
m- h - s cbpw \n- b - a mbpw Rm hgn- s X- n- pw.
(6.23.38.50.52,73-82)
415
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
kao- : AhnsS Jpdm- \ n- s e- g p- X n- b n- c n- p- -
t]mse tXmhpw DZym-\hpw tXmSpw hoSp-sa-
m-ap-s-n AXv Fpw Dm-bn-cp--X-.
Dm-bn-cn-b- p-an-. kwtbm-K - m-ep-m-Ip-h
kwtbm-K-n\p ap]n-m-bn-cp-p. A\n-hm-cy-
amb hntbmKn\p tijhpw AXp-m-hn-.
kzwt]mepw \ne- \ nn- s - nns
kz- h m- k n- I - f psS Imcyw ]d- b m- \ ptm?
Nmcpw Xe-bn-Wbpw ]elm-chpw ]m\o-b-hp-
samw AhnsS Inp-sa-s-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p--
Xn\nv, apow-aX -
- ns Bhn`m-hI - m-ev
Ad-_n-\mSv k--a-m-bn-cp-s-q-lnmw,
AXn-\m Xe-bn-W-sbpw apw ]dv Zcn-
{Zsc Xs aX-n \_n tN-Xm-hmw.
kv{XoI-fp-n-Sv \nc-c kuJy-sa-hnsS? B
kv{Xo-I Fhn-Spp hp? AtXm kz-
nse nc-h m-k n-I-fmtWm? h- Xm- sW-
n t]mIpw. Ahn-Sp-p-Im-cm-sW-n Ibm-
a-n\p ap]v Fm-bn-cpp ]Wn? shdpsX
\mfp-I Xn-\o-p-I-bm-bn-cptm?
JpZm- b psS Iev]\ C_veoskm- g n- s I-
bphscmw A\p-k-cn-p-sImv BZ-ans\
hW-n-b-s{X. ssZh-ns in-t\m-p-I.
Rm \ns Fs ssIIsImm-Wp-m-
n-b-sXpw \o Al--cn--cp-sXpw sNIp-
m-t\mSv ssZhw ]d-bp-p-v. cp-ssI-I-
fp ssZhw a\p- j y- \ m- s Wpw k- i -
t\m k-hym-]ntbm Aspw CXp sXfn-
bn-p-p. Rm BZ-an-t\-m t{ijvT-\m-
sWv C_veokv ]-dXv kXy-am-bn-cns,
ssZhw Fn\p tIm]n-Ww? BImiw am{X-
amtWm ssZh-ns Bm\w? `qan-bn
Ct. Fn IvA_ ssZh-ns an-c-am-
sWv ap]v Fgp-Xn-btXm? Cuiz-c\v Xn
\ntm krjvSn-bn\ntm Fs\ Bsc-
sbnepw AI-p-hm Ignbpw? krjvSn-ap-gp-
h\pw Cuiz-c-t-Xm-Wv. Atm kz-ns
Pn-bmWv ssZhw At? JpZm C_veo-kns\
Bn-tbmSnbpw i]n-bpw sNbvX-tm
Ah "cn-Xmth! F\np Ibm-a-ns
\mhsc Ah[n A\p-h-Zn-tW' Ft]n-
p. kp-jvS-\mb ssZhw Ahv Ah[n
sImSp-p. Atm sNIp-m ]d-bp-p
Fm-ht- cbpw \n-ba- mbpw hgn sXn-p-sav!
kXym-{]-Im-iw
JpZm-bpsS D-ctam? Ah-sc-sbmw-sImpw
\ns-smpw \cIw \nd-bvp-sav! t\mq
k-\-tf! Bcv Bsc-bmWv hgn-sX-n-Xv?
sNIp-ms\ ssZhtam AtXm sNIp-m
X\n-sbtbm? ssZh-am-sW-n ssZhw sNIp-
ms sNIpm\mWv. X\n-sb-sb-n ap-
-hpw X\nsb hgn-sX-mw. sNIp-ms
Bh-iy-an-.
hg-mfn C_veokns\ ssZhw kzX-{-\mn
hn- X n\nv A[a- n sNIp- ms
klm-bnsb ]v ssZh-n\pw Inp-p. C\n
tamjvSn-n-nv in \p-I-bm-sW-n B
A\ym-b-n\v AXn-cp-an-.
136. Amlp Fm sXp-Ifpw amp sNbvXp-Xc - pw. Ah
hfsctbsd s]mdp- p- - h \pw ]c- a - I m- c p- W n- I \pw
Xs..... ]p\-cp-m-\Z- n-hkw `qan apgp-h\pw Ahs ]nSp-
-n-em-bn-cnpw. BIm-i - Ah he- - n Npcp-
n-]n-Sn-n-cn-bpw sNpw. `qan AXns cn-Xm-hns
{]Im-iw-sImv tim`n-X-am-Ipw. a\p-jy-cpsS I-
tcJ-s-Sp-nb GSp-I sh-sSpw. \_n-am-scbpw ap
kmn-Is - fbpw sImp-hc
- pw...... \oXn-]qw hn[n Iev]n-
pw. (6.24.39.53,67,69)
kao: Fm ]m]-fpw ssZhw s]mdp-m
temIssbmw ]m]n-I-fm-p-Ibpw Zbm-lo-
\-\m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. ZpjvS-t\mSp Zbtbm
atbm Imn-bm Abm IqSp-X ZpjvSX
Impw. At\Iw [am-flm-sf t{Zmlnpw.
Aev ] - a m{Xw sXs- nepw s]mdp- m
sXtmsS sXv `qan-bn hym]n-pw. Cuiz-c\v
An-sb-tmse {]Im-i-aptm? I GSp-
I Fhn-sS-bmWv hn-cn-p--Xv. Fgp-Xp--
Xm-cmWv? {]hm-N-I-scbpw kmn-I-sfbpw
ap\nnbmWv \ymbw {]hn-p--sX-
n ssZhw kh--\-, Ak-a-\mWv.
A\ymbw sNp-Itb C; \ymbta sNq
Fn I- - \ p- k - c n- m- b n- c n- Ww
sNp--Xv. I- ]qm-]c h-am\
P--fn-te-Xp-am-bn-cn--Ww. Fn, an-p-
I, lrZ-b- ap{Z hbvp-I. C_veokns\
smv hgn-sX-n-p-I, hnNm-c-W--S--en
hbvpI Ch A\ym-b-am-Wv.
137. kh-scbpw Pbn-p--h\pw AKm-[--\p-amb A-
mlphn \nv Ah-X-cn--s thZ-am-Wn-Xv.... sXp-
I s]mdp-p--h\pw ]m-m]w kzoI-cn-p--h\pw
(6.24.40.2,3)
Aev]-k-Xy-sam-gnsI, Ak-Xy-P-Sn-e-amb Cu
416
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
]pkv X - I sn Am- l p- h ns t]cn
Am-\n-Ip hnizm-k-ap-m-p-hm-\mWv
Cs\ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-p-Xv. D kXyhpw
Ak-Xy-hp-ambn IqSn-pgp InS-p-p. Jp-
B-\nepw AXnse ssZh-nepw hniz-kn-p-
-h ]m]-h-Icpw ]m]w sNn-p ]m]n-
I-fp-am-Wv. ]m]w an-pI F-X-Xyw A-
[a- a m- W v . CXp- s Imv apo ]m]w
sNpXn\pw el-fb - p-m-p-X
- n\pw `b-s-
Sp-n-.
138. Fnp cp L--fn-embn Ahsb Ah Ggv
BIm-i-am-n--op. th Imcy- Ah \nt-
in-p-sIm-Sp-p....... As\ B \c-I - n Ah Fn-
-gn-m Ah-cpsS sNhn-Ifpw Ip-Ifpw sXmen-Ifpw
Ah-cpsS {]h-\ - v kmn-]d - bpw...... X-fpsS
N- - t fmSv Ah tNmZnpw: \n- s f- n- \ mWv
\ns-Xn-cmbn kmyw hln-p-Xv? B sXmen-
I ]dbpw: Fm hkvXp--sf-smpw kwkm-cn-n
Amlp R-sf-smpw kwkm-cn-n-n-cn-p-p..... ac-
W- a - S - - h - s cbpw Pohn- npIXs sNpw.
(6.24.41.12,20,21,39)
kao:- _lp-tI-aw-Xs apo-tf! kh-i-
-s\p \n ]d-bp JpZm cp L-am-
bn-mtWm Ggm-Imiw Dm-n-bXv? kh-i-
-\m-sW-n H-b-Snv Ap-m-m-am-bn-
cp-nt? Ipw sNhnbpw sXmenbpw PU-h-
kvXp--fm-bn-cns Ah-sb-s\ kmn-]-
dbpw? kmn ]d-bn-m-\m-sW-n Ahsb
PU-ambn krjvSn--sX-n\v? Xs \nb-as
]qm-]-c-hn-cp--am-nbsXn\v hf-sc-tbsd
anYy Poh-m-sc-n kmyw ]d--tm-f-h-c-
h-cpsS sXmen-I-tfmSv Ah "\o FXnkmn
]d--sX-n-s\v tNmZnXpw "Rms\p
sNpw, ssZhw ]d-bn-n-Xm-sWp ]d--
Xp-am-Wv. CXp-h-Xpw kw`-hy-amtWm? "hym
]p{Xs apJw Ip' Fp ]d-bpw-t]m-em-Wn-
Xv. ]p{X-\p-s-n Fs\ hy-bmIpw?
hy-bm-sW-n ]p{X-\p-m-hn-. Ccw
anYym-hm-p-I-fm-Wn-h. acn--hsc Pohn-n-p-sa-
n sIm-sX-n\v? Ctmgpw arXsc Pohn-
n-p-ptm? AXn-\p-I-gn-bptam? C-s-n
arX-Xzs Fn\v A[-a-am-sb-pp? Ibm-
a-ns cmhp-hsc arX GXp apo-ans hon-
emWp Ign-bpI? A]-cm[w sNm--hsc
JpZm XSen hbvpsXn\v? \ymbw
io{Lw sNm--sXv? CXn \nsmw
ssZhn-I-Xbvv tImw Xp-p.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
139. BImi `qan-I-fpsS Xmtm-ep-I Ahs A[o-\-
n-em-Wn-cn-p--Xv. Xm\p-t-in-p--hv Ah kar-
-am-bn -B-lmcw \evIp-p. ap Nnev \nb-{n-p-
sIm-Sp-p-p..... Xm\p-t-in-p--hv Ah s]k-
m-\-sf {]Zm\w sNp-p..... ap Nnev Bk-
m-\--sfbpw. As-n B km-\-sf BWpw
s]p-ambn CS-Ie - p-p. Xm\p-t-in-p-h - sc Ah
km-\-c-ln-X-\m-p-p. Hcp hn[-n-e-msX Hcp a\p-
jy-t\mSpw Amlp kwkm-cn-p-Ib - p-m-hn-. t_m[\w
sNp--h-gnv: As-n Hcp ad-bpsS ]nn\np-
sImv* As-n Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-bvp-Ibpw ....- A-
h\ptin-p--Xp-Zvt_m-[n-n-p-Ibpw sNphgn-v.
(6.25.42.12.49-51)
kao: At\Iw hmXn- e p- I Xpd- m-
\pXpsImv ssZh- ns ]- e - t \Iw
Xmtmqw ImWpw! F{X-_m-eniw! ]pWy-
Ia- sNmsX Cjv S wt]mse hmcn-
tmcnsmSp-ptam? ]m]w sNmsX sImSp-
p--Xn \nb-{Ww hcp-ptam? Fn
alm A\ym-b-m-cX-s. Jpdm Im-
hns NmXpcyw t\mp-I. s]p-t]mepw
hoWp-t]m-Ipw. CjvSa - p-Xp krjvSn-p-sa-n
thsdmcp JpZmsb krjvSn-ptam? Cs-n
kh-i - n-azw Chn-sS-op. a\p-jyv
ssZhw CjvS-s k-Xn-Isf sImSp-p-sa-
n tImgn, ayw, ]n apX-em-b-hbvv,
BWpw s]pw k-Xn-Isf BcmWp sImSp-
p-Xv? kv{Xo]p-cpj kam-K-a-an-msX sImSp-
m--sXv? Bcm-s\bpw tkz-bm k-
Xn-bn-m-h
- \- m-n-hv ZpxJn-n-p-s
- X-n\v?
JpZmbvv C{X tXP-m-tWm. ap]n \np
kwkm-cn-m hm--hw? ad-bnp h-
am\w ]d-bm-sa-pw, ZqX\pw {]hm-N-I\pw
kwkm-cn-m-sapw apv Fgp-Xn-bn-p--tm.
Fn ZqXcpw {]hm-NI
- cpw [mcmfw XImcyw
Ip-Im-Wpw.
* Cu `mKw X^vko lpssk\n Cs\ `mjyw sNp-
p. apl-Zv \_n cp ad-In-S-bn-em-bn-cp-p.
Atm ssZh-ns i_vZw {ihn-p. Hcp ad Pap-
m-f-nsbpw atXp shap-p-I-fp-tS-Xp-am-bn-cp-
p. cp ad-Ip-an-Sbvv Fgp-]Xp hjw \S-m-
\p hgn-bp-m-bn-cp-p. _pn-am-m Nnn-Ww.
CXp ssZhtam? ]--I-p-p-\npsamgn-bmSp
kv{Xotbm? Ch ssZh-ns ZpZi hcp-n--f-
p. thtZm-]-\n-j-p-I-fnse Cuiz-c-s\-hn-sS. ad-
bvp-n\npsamgn-bm-Sp ssZh-sa-hnsS? Atd-_y
Ahn-Zzm-m-cm-bn-cp-s--XmWv kXyw. \-Im-cy-
Ahs-hn-Spp Inm-\m-Wv.
417
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw
ssZhw kh-\pw kh-hym-]-I-\p-am-sW- Bcp-hn-If - p-nSw temI-s-m sa-samp-
n ad- h n\ntm X]m- e n- s e- t mse a-. ]mecphn Hgp-Iptam? Aev]-k-a-b-n-\Iw
Fgpp hcp-ntbm Adn-tb--Im-cy-an-. ]m ]ncn-bnt? _pn-am-m Jp Bs aX-
A-s\-sb-n AXv JpZm-b-. GtXm Iui- aw-Ko-I-cn-m--Xn-XpsImmWv.
e-m-c-\m-bn-cn--Ww. AXn-\m Jp-B 143. `qansb InSpInsS hnd-n-p-Ibpw, ]-X-sf
Cuiz-cm-Ir-X-tab. XIp IjvWw IjvW-amp-Ibpw Fnv B ]h-
X- A-co--n ]d-p s]mSn-bm-bn-o-cp-I-
140. Cukm hy-amb ZrjvSm-
- fpw sImp-h
- t- m
(6.25.43.63) bpw..... heXp-]--m. Fm he-Xp-]--m-cm-Wv.
CS-Xp-]--m. CS-Xp-]--m-cm-Wv..... cXv\-
kao: tbip (Cu-km)-hn-s\bpw ssZh-a-b-- sImn ]Xn-n-cn-p In-ep-I-fn-t-emWv Ah -C-cn-
Xm-sW-n tbip-hn-s D]-tZ-i-p hncp- p-I. In-ep-I-fn Nmcn ]c-kv]cw A`n-ap-J-cm-bn-mWv
Ah Ccn-p-I. imiz-X-ambn \nh-kn-p Nne _me-
-amb Jp-B JpZm Fn-\p-mn? Jp- m Ah-cpsS ap]n Npn-n-cn-p-sIm-n-cnpw.
B\p hncp--amWv ]pXnb \nb-aw. AXn-\m Nne ]m{X-fpw IqP-Ifpw {Zh-]Z- m- \nd tIm-
Ch-sbmpw ssZh-Ir-X-a-. I-fpw-sImv.... AXp-Ip-Sn-p-I-aqew Xe-th-Z-\tbm el-
cntbm _m[n-p-I-bn-. Ah CjvS-sp Xnc-s-Sp-
141. Ahs\ ]nSn-p-I. Fnp \c-I-ns ay-n- p ]g-sImpw Ah B{K-ln-p ]n-I-
tep hen-p-sImp t]mIp-I.... sh-\n-dhpw hnim- fpsS amwkw sImpw...... sh-\n-dhpw hnim-ea - mb Ip-
em-n-I-fp-amb Nne Xcp-Wn-Isf Ahp \mw CW- I-fp-ap Xcp-Wn-I-fp-m-bn-cnpw...... `{Z-ambn kqnp
tNp-sIm-Sp-pw. (6.25.44.47,54) hn-cn-p app-t]msebncnpw (A-h) DX \ne-
hm-c-n-ep hncn-p-I-fn-emWv Ah Pohn-p-I. B
kao: Fsmcp ssZhw! \ymb-Im-cn-bm-bn- Xcp-Wn-Isf \mw Ghpw \ \ne-bvmWp \mw ]cn-]m-
cns Pohn-Isf ]nSn-nv hen-n-g-n-p-p. enp hfn-sm-n-cn-p--Xv. Fnv Ahsc \mw
apow JpZm Cs\ sNp-sa-n Ahs\ I\y-I-Ifpw, `m-m-tcmSp t{]a-ap--hcpw Xpey-{]m-b-
D]m-kn-p--h ]mh-sf ]nSn-p-h-en-n-g- m-cp-am-bn-cn-b - m-W.v .... Fnv AXp-sImv \n hb
\nd-pw. A, \-{X- AkvX-an-p m\--
m Fm-cyw! euIn-I-sc-tmse Ah sf-smv Rm\nXm kXyw sNp-p. (7.27.56.4-6.8,9,15-
Ieym-Whpw \S-n-sm-Sp-p-pthm? Fn 23,34-37,53,75)
apow ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-W-h! kao:- Jp-B Im-hns eoe-I t\mp-
142. AXp-sImp kXy-\n-tj-[n-Isf \n Ip-ap-n- I. `qan IdnsmmWn-cn-p-Xv. Ftmgpw
bm ]nc-Sn-p shnsm-p-I. As\ Ahsc \n Id-pw. `qan Dd\msXbncn-p-I-bm-Wt{X
]cm-P-b-s-Spngn-m sIp-ap-dn-n-smI.....
\ns _ln-jvI-cnp If am---W-s-m JpdmIm-cs hnizm-kw. ]-X-sf ]n-
in-bp F{X ]-W--fmWv Dm-bn-cp--Xv. Ahsc I-sf--tm-se-s\ ]dpw? ]d-p s]mSn-
\mw \in-n-p-I-f-p. Atm Ahsc klm-bn-m bm-p-sa-n s]mSn-]ns ]h-X-hp-am-Iptam?
Bcpw Dm-bn-cp-n-....... hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-p JpZm ico-c-[m-cn-b-s-n CSpw hepw
kzK-ns nXn F-s\-sb-m AXn sh-
sam-gp-Ip Nne Acp-hn-I-fp-v. B shw Zpjn-p-t]m- Fs\ \nevpw? cXv\- sImn--Xn
bn-n-. ]msem-gp-Ip Nne Acp-hn-I-fp-ap-v. AXns In- e p- I - f p- m- - W - s a- n Bim- c n- a mcpw
cpNnpw amw hn-n-. IpSn-p--hp cpNn-I-c-amb kz-W - n-mcpw AhnsS ]mp-m-hmw. aq-
aZy-sam-gp-p Nne Acp-hn-I-fp-v. ipoI-cn-s-Sp I-Snv cm{Xn sskzcw sISp-p-p-m-I-Ww.
tXs\m-gp-Ip Nne Acp-hn-I-fp-ap-v. Ahn-hnsS
Fmcw ]g-fpw e`n-pw. cn-Xm-hn- \np In-en Nmcn shdp-sX-bn-cn--bmtWm h
]m]-tam-N-\-hpw. (6.26.47.4.13,15) ]Wnbpw sNp-p-m-Iptam? Npm-Xn-cp-m
kao: CXp\nan--amWv XImcyw t\Sm `Ww Zln-msX tcmKw ]nSn-pw. As\
apofpw Jpdm\pw JpZmbpw \n-b-amb acn-p-p-ap-m-Ipw. tPmen sNp--h Chn-
A{I-a
- sNp-X - v. Chn-sS-gp-Xn-bX
- p-t]mse S-s-tmse Iqen-W - n-sNbvXv Pohn-b - m-hmw.
ap aX- m h- h cpw apow- - t fmSp ]ns, Chn-Shpw, kzKhpw Xn A-c-sa-
sNbvXm Ahp ZpxJhpw Zpcn-Xhpw Dm- m-Wp-Xv? AhnsS kZm _me-m-cp-s-n
I-bnt? apl--Zp-\-_nsb _ln-jvI-cnp If- Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-fpw ImWptam? iz{ip-
-hsc sIm JpZm alm-]--]mXn Xs. fpw iziq-c - mcpw ImWptam? Atm henb
ip-P-ehpw ]mepw aZyhpw tX\pw Hgp-Ip \K- c - a m- b n- c npw? ae- a q- { Xm- Z n- I hnv

418
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
tcmKhpw hf-sc-bp-m-Int?
^e- `n-b - pw, mp-If
- n shw IpSn-
bpw tIm-I-fn aZyw IpSn--bpw, Xe-th-Z-
\bpw el-cnbpw Cm-Xn-cn-bpw btYjvSw
^e-fpw ]n-I-fpsS amwkhpw `n-p-
Ibpw sNp-tm hnhn[ ZpxJ-fpw, ]n-
ar-Km-Zn-Ifpw Ahn-Sp-m-Ipw. sIme\S-pw.
Fpw Xqhepw Ahn-sSmw NnX-dn-n-S-pw.
Iim-p-I-S-Ifpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. sImmw. Cu
kzKns\ ]pI-gvm hmp-I-fn-. Atd-
_y-tb-m apn-b-Xcw Xs.
aZy-amw-k- `nv D--cm-Ip-sa-n
kv{XoIfpw Ipn-Ifpw IqSntb Xocq. Cs-n-
en-h-cpsS elcn aqv Xe-bn NqSp Ib-dpw.
AkwJyw kv{Xo]p-cp-j-mv hn{i-an-m
H-[nIw hncnpIfpw InS-Ifpw thWw. JpZm
I\y-I-amsc krjvSn-p--Xp-sIm-m-Wtm
Ipam-c-m-scbpw krjvSn-p-Xv! Chn-sS-\nv
m\mn-I-fmbn sNp--hv I\y-I-
amsc hnhmlw Ignv sImSp-p-sav Fgp-Xn-
bn-pv. AhnsS nc-Xm-a-k-m-cmb _me-
mv hnhmlw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p--Imcyw
Fgp-Xp-t-bn-. Ah-scbpw m\mn-I-fm-
bnsp-hv ]Ip-p-sIm-Sp-ptam? Cm-
cy-sa-gp-Xm ssZhw henb ad-hn-m-c Xs.
Xpey-h-b-p-Im-cmb ]Xn-{h-X-I ]Xn-amsc
{]m]nv kzKp ]mp- Xv icn- b - .
Fs-m kv{XoI-fpsS ctm c-ctbm
Ccn {]mb-amWv ]pcp-j-mv thXv!*
apow kz-nepw Cs\ Xs-bm-hWw
IY.
\c-I-nse hr-ns ]gw Xnp hbdp
\nd- b v p- t m apm- c bpw \c- I - n
ImWpw. app-sIm-p-p-ap-mhmw ]ns Xnf-
-shw IpSn-pI XpS-nb Zpcn-X--fp-amWv
\c-I-n-ep--Xv.
BW-bn-Sp-Xv I-m-cmWv. kXy-hm-m-c-.
BW-bn-Sp JpZmbpw I-\m-bn-cn--Ww.
144. Am-lp-hns am-n t]mcm-Sp--h-sc-bmWv
Ah kvt\ln-p--Xv. (7.28.61.4)
kao: Ccw D]-tZ-i- \evIn Ad-_n-
* hr-m _men-Ia
- msc \nmlv Ign-p-X
- mWv arKw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Isf Fm-h-tcmSpw bpw sNp--h-cmn ]c-
kv]cw ZpxJn-Xc
- m-n. aX-ns ]Xm-Ib
- p-ambn
bpw s]cp-n-p-Xv _pn-am-\mb Cuiz-
c A\p-h-Zn-n-. kaq-ln hntcm[w
hfp--h Fm-hpw ZpxJ-Im-c-W-am-Ip-
p.
145. Hm \_o! \ns `mcy-mcpsS {]oXn B{K-ln-p-
sImv Amlp \n\v A\p-h-Zn-p-X-Xv \osb-n-
\mWv \njn--amnshp-Xv. Amlp hf-sc-tbsd
s]mdp-p--h\pw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\p-am-Ip-p..... Atlw
hnSp-]- w \n-tf-m D-aI - f
- mb `mcy-amsc At-
l-n\p Xs cn-Xmhp ]Icw \evIn-tb-mw. kXy-
hn-izmkw ssIsm-h - cpw IogvhW-a - p-h
- cpw ]m-
-]np aS-p--hcpw Am-lp-hn--Sn-a-sp Pohn-p-
-hcpw k-cn-m k--X-bp--hcpw hn[-h-Ifpw
I\y-IIfpw Bb `mcy-amsc. (7.28.66.1,5)
kao: {inp t\mp-I. JpZm apl-Zp \_n-
bpsS hop-Im-cy--sfmw t\mn-\-S-p
shdpw `rXy-\t?
CXn Hm-as hN-\-n--t cp IY-
bp-v. Hn-{]-Im-c-amWv:- apl-Zv \_nv
tX\ns kv henb CjvS-am-bn-cp-p.
At-l-n\v Htsd `mcy-am-cp-m-bn-cp-p.
Ah-cn Hcm-fpsS hon k_p IpSnp-
sImv hf-sc-t\cw Ccp-p-t]m-bn. CXp ap
`mcy-amn-jvS-am-bn-. Ah ]cmXn ]d--
tm C\n taen Cs\ kp IpSn-
p-I-bn-sv \_n kXyw sNbvXp.
atXv: apl--Zns ]e `mcy-am-cn Hcm-fns
Dug-am-bn-cpp. Ap-cm{Xn AhnsS sN-
tm `mcy Ah-cpsS ]nXr-lr-l-n t]mbn-
cn-p-Ib
- m-bn-cp-p. apl-Zv Hcp hmey-m-cnsb
hnfnv Ahsc ]hn-{X-bm-n. `mcy CX-dnv
A{]-k--bmbn. Atm \_n As\ C\n
sNn-sv kXyw sNbvXp. CXm-tcmSpw ]d-
b-cp-sXv `mcy-tbmSpw ]d-p. Csv Ah
k-Xn-p. ]t Ah thsdmcp `mcy-bpsS
ASpp ]d-p. CXp-sIm-mWv JpZm Cu
hN\w Cd-n-b-Xv. ""\_o! \ns `mcy-am-cpsS
{]oXn B{K-lnpsImv Amlp \n\v
A\p-h-Zn-p-X-Xv \osb-n-\mWv \njn--
amn shp-Xv?''
ssZhw Bcp-sS-sb-nepw hop {]iv\-fpw
]cn- l - c np \S- p- - b m- f m- s Wv _pn-
amam hniz-kn-ptam? \_n-bpsS s]cp-am
419
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
coXn Cu {]hr-n-I-fn\np {Kln-mw.
At\Iw `mcy-am-cp--tm Cuiz-c-`-t\m
{]hm-N-It\m BIp--sX-s\?
Hcp kv{Xosb ]-]m-X-]qw A]-am-\n-p-
Ibpw asm-cm-fns\ am\n-p-Ibpw sNp--
bm ]- ] m- X nbpw A[an- b p- a m- I nt?
At\Iw kv{XoI-sfsmpw Xr]vX-\m-ImsX
hmey-m-cn-I-fn tamln-p-t]m-Ip Bfn\v
ebpw `bhpw [ahpw FhnsS? Imam-Xp-
cv `btam etbm Cs-mtcm ]d--
sX{X icn!
Cu ssZhw apl-Zvkmln_pw `mcy-amcpw Xn-
ep hgv Xop a[y--\-Wv. Cu Jp-
B hnZzmt\m Cuiz-ct\m Dm-n-btXm,
GsX-nepw kzmn-bmb Ahn-Zzm cNn--
tXm-sbv _pn-am-m Nnn--s. cm-
as hN\w hmbn- p- t m \_n- t bmSv
GtXm `mcy ]nW-n-bn-cn-m-sap kwibw
tXmpw. Xn-anw Cu hN\w Cd-n-b-Xm-
Imw. \o hg- p- m- n- b m \_n
\nsbpapt]-npw. \_nv \ns-m
\ `mcy-amsc I\y-I-amsc \Ip-sav
`oWn apg-p-I-bm-Wv. kzev]w _pn-bp--
hv CXp ssZhtam atm ]d- - X - ,
kzmn-I-fmtcm ]d--Xm-sWp a\-n-em-
mw. CsXmpw ssZhw ]d-X-. Ime-n-
s\m--hw {]tbm-P-\-kn-n-mbn ssZh-
ns t]cn \_n ]d--Xm-Wv. ssZh-h-N-
\-am-sWp ]d-bphtcmSv C{Xtb ]d-bm-
\pq ""ssZh- s ap ssZhw ? apl- Zv
\_nv Ieym-Wa- p-d
- n-p-sIm-Sp-p Zm-fmWv
ssZhw.''
146. Hm \_o! kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-tfmSpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-
tfmSpw \o kacw sNbvXpsIm-p-I. Ah-tcmSv ]cp-j-kz-
`m-h-tmsS s]cp-am-dp-I. (7.28. 66.9)
kao: apow ssZh-ns Ifn Itm? CX-
c-a-X--tcmSp Ie-ln-m {]hm-N-I-s\bpw
apow--sfbpw Dt-Pn-n-p-p. apo
CXp-sIm-mWv el-f- m-cm-bXv. ap-h
- t- cmSp
kvt\l-]qw s]cp-am-dm-\pw, el-f-Im-m-Xn-cn-
m-\pw, ssZhw Chsc Ir]-sNm-cn--\p-{K-ln-
-s.
147. BImiw s]mn-n-fcpw. AXp _e-lo-\-am-bn-
ocpw. ae-p-I AXns A--fn nXn-sNpw.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Ap \ns cn-Xm-hns knwlm-k\w Fp-t]-cmWp
Npa- p- I . Ap \nsf lmP- c m- pw. \n- f psS
bmsXmcp Imcyhpw Hcp cl-ky-ambn \n-fn HXpn
\np-Ibn. Fnp he--n GSp-I \evI-s--
h ]d-bpw. Fs FSp-I FSp-p-hm-bnp t\mq.......
BcpsS {Kw Ahs CS--n \I-s-Sp-ptm?
Ah ]dbpw: ""F\n-ss GSp-I \evIn-bn-cp-n-
s-n F{X \m-bn-cpp!'' (7.29.69.16-19,25)
kao: sImmw! CXv Xz- i m- k v { Xtam
\ymbtam BtWm? BIm-ihpw s]mn-n-f-
cptam? AXp hkv{Xwt]msebmtWm s]mm?
apI-fnse temIw BIm-i-am-sW-n, CXp
hnym-hn-cp--amb Imcy-am-Wv. Ctm Jp-B-
s ssZhw ico-c-[m-cn-bm-sW--Xn kwi-
bta tijn-p-n-. knwlm-k-\-n Ccn-
p-I, Fp ]qh--m* Npa-p-I, CsXmw
ico-ca
- p-b
- m-fnt\I-gn-bq. ap]nepw ]n]nepw
t]mIbpw hcn-Ibpw sNW-sa-nepw ico-c-
[m-cnt Ign-bq. ico-c-[mcn GI-tZ-in-bm-I-
bm kh-t\m kh-hym-]ntbm, kh-
i-n-amt\m Bhp-Ib - n-. Fm Pohn-If- p-sSbpw
Fm Ia-fpw Hcn-epw Adn-bp-I-bn-.
]pWym-flm-f - psS he-Xp-I
- n GSp-sIm-Sp-p-
hm-bn-nv kz-n-e-b-p-Xv BcyIcw-
X-s. ]m]n-I-fpsS CS-Xp-I-n I-]{Xw
sImSpv \c-I-n-e-b-p-I. I-]-{Xn-I-hm-
bnv \ymbw hn[n- pI apX- e m- b h kh-
s I-amtWm? Hcn--ep-a-. CsXmw
_men-i-am-Wv.
148. ae-p-Ifpw Bflmhpw A-Xn-\m-bncw sImns
ssZLy-ap- Hcp Ime-Lw sImmWv Ahs ASp-
-tev Ib-dn-s-p-Xv..... \mn-\nnb ey-n-
tev HmSpwt]mse J_-dp-I-fn\np ]pdvhv
Ah [rXn-s-tm-Sp Znhkw (7.29.70.4,43)
kao: A-Xn-\m-bncw sImw ssZLy-amWv
Znhk Ime- L - - s a- n A{Xbpw sImw
cm{Xnbvpw ssZLy-ap-v. Cu A-Xn-\m-
bncw sImw JpZm-bpw, ae-pw, GSp-sI-p-
Imcpw Ccptm \ntm DWn-cn-p-tam?
Fn Fm-hcpw Zo\w ]nSnv hopw acn-
pw.
J_-dn\n-s-gp-tv JpZm-bpsS It-cn-bn-
tev HmSptam? J_-dp-I-fn kakv Fn-
p- - s X- - s \- b mWv ? ]pWym- fl m- tfm
]m]nItfm Bb Chsc C{Xbpw Imew hnNm-
420
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
c-W-bn-msX XS-hn hn-cn-p--sX-n\v?
CubnsS JpZm-bpsS Itcn ASv JpZmbpw
ae- p- I fpw shdp- t X- b n- c n- mtWm? AtXm
]Wn hXpw Dtm? Ah-c-h-cpsS m\--
fn ]mv, Npn--dn, Dd-hpw Ifn-X-am-
i-I ImWepw Hs-bmbn hn{i-an--bmhmw.
Ccw Acm- P - I Xzw Hcn- S pw ImWn- .
CsXms ImS-m-c-m-Xmcp hniz-knpw?
149. \n-fpsS hnhn[ Zi-I-fn krjvSn-n-cn-p--h-\m-
Wv. Ggm-Im-i-sf ]c-kv]cw tbmPn-n-p-sImv F-
s\-bmWv Amlp krjvSn-n-cn-p-Xv? N{s\ Ah
B BIm-i - -f n {]Im-i-ap- -X m- n-sh- p- I bpw
kqcys\ Hcp sNdnb hnf-mbn shp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
p. (7.29.71.14-16)
kao: Poh-\p-m-n-bXv JpZm-bm-sW-n,
Poh Hcn-epw \nXyhpw A\-iz-c-hp-am-In-.
]ns-s\ kZm kz-n Ignbpw? Dm-
bXv \in-p-sap \nivNbw. BIm-is
Amlp F-s\-bmWv apI-fn krjvSn-p-
Xv? AXp \ncm-Im-chpw kh{X hym]n-n-
cn-p-X
- p-at? aph-Xp-amWv BIm-is
- a-n,
AXn\v B t]cp bp-a-.
apI-fn BIm-i-sf krjvSn-s-n Ah-
bpsS \Spv kqcy-N-{-m \ne-\n-evp-bn-.
\Sp-p-h - m Hv Ap-dhpw Hp Cp-dh - pta
{]Im-inp hcq. cm-a-tXp apX kh{X
Ccp- m- b n- c n- - W w. As\ ImWm- - X p-
sImv CXpw anYy-bm-Wv.
150. ]n-I Am-lp-hn-\p-X
- m-Wv. AXp-sImv Am-
lp-thm-sSmw am-scbpw \n hnfnp {]mn-c - pXv IqSmsX kz-n P\n-m ImcWw? P\n-
(7.29.72.18)
kao: CXp t\cm- s W- n apo-
emCemlv Cnmx apl--Zc-kq-emx F
Ie-a-bn Am-lp-hn-smw apl-Zv \_n-
bpsS t]cv Fn\v ]d-bpp? CXv Jp-B\v
hncp--at? hncp--a-s-m-sW-n Jp-B 153. XnIpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb {]Xn-^-ew......... ]m\obw
hN\w Ak-Xy-am-Ipw.- akvPnZp-I Am-lp-
hns an-c-am-sW-n apo- h hn{K-
lm-cm-[-I-cm-bn. ]ucm-Wn-Icpw ssP\cpw sNdp-
hn-{K-l- ]qPn-p an-c- Cuiz-cm-e-
b-ambn Icp-Xp--Xp-sImv hn{K-lm-cm[I-cm-
sW-n Chcpw Fp-sIm---s\-b-m-Xm-
Ip-n?
151. kqcy-s\bpw N{-s\bpw Hn-p-Iq-p-Ibpw sNp-
tm. (7.29.75.9)
kXym-{]-Im-iw
kao:- kqcy-N-{-msc Hn-p-Iq-m F-s\-
I-gnbpw? F{X Adn-h-m-bva-bm-WnXv! kqcy-N-
{-msc Hnp IqpsXn\v? ap temI-
sf Iqn-tm-\n-cn-p--Xnse bpn-sb-
mWv? Ccw \S-m Imcy- Cuiz-
c-Ir-X-ta-b-. Ahn-Zzm-m-msX ampw
CXv tNcp--X-.
152. imizX \nhm-kn-If
- mb Nne Ipn-I Ahn-Sb- n
Npn-n-cn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. Ahsc \o ImWp-]
- w
NnX-dnb app-I-fm-W-h-scp \n\p tXmpw.......
t\-bp ]-pw XSn ]p-amWv Ah [cn-p-I.
shn-bpsS hf-I B`-c-W-ambn Ahsc [cn-n-pw.
XnIpw ]cn-ip--amb sh-amWv* X-fpsS cn-Xmhv
Ahp IpSn-m sImSp-p-I. (7.29.76.19.21)
kao: app-t]m-ep Ipn-Isf Ahn-sS-n-
\mWv hfp- Xv ? bphm- v {]m]n-
m\pw Xr]vXn-bS- b
- m\pw bph-Xn-I Chn-Snt?
ZpjvS-m Ipn-ItfmSpImp ZpjvIr-Xy-n-
p-d-hnSw Cu Jp-B hN-\-am-bn-cnnt?
kz-n bP-am-\-`r-Xy-`m-h-ap-s-n bP-
am-\-Xzw-sImv Abmp kpJhpw `rXyXzw
sIm-bmv ZpxJhpw Dm-hnt? Cu ]-
]mXw icntbm? JpZm aZyw IpSn-n-p-sa-n
AXv `rXy`m-h-ambn. ]ns-s\ JpZm-bpsS
alzw \ne-\nevpw?
kz-n kv{Xo]p-cp-j-k-am-Kaw \nanw
K`n-Wn-Ifpw a-fp--hcpw Dm-hnt? Cs-
n kam-Kaw hyY-am-bn-tm-Ipp. Ds-
n Poh Fhn-Spp hp? Cuiz-c-tkh
-hv kXy-hn-izmkw IqSm-sXbpw JpZmsb
{]mn-m-sXbpw kuP-\y-ambn kzw Inn.
Nnev kXyhn- i zm- k w- s Impw Nnev
AXp- I q- S m- s Xbpw kpJw e`n- p- s a- n
AXn Ihn A\ymbw an-.
\ndtIm-I ........ Bflm-hp-Ifpw ae-p-I-fpw AWn-
bmbn \nevp Znhkw. (7.30.78.26.34,38)
kao:- Im- \ p- k - c - W - a mWv ^ew \ev I p-
sXn kz-nXs Fm-bvt]mgpw
hkn-p lqdn-Ifpw ae-p-Ifpw app-t]m-
ep ]ntcpw Fp Iw sNbvXn-mWv
* icm_v (a-Zyw) Fv Dp-hn-h\w
421
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
kz-n nc-hmkw sNp-Xv? tIm-
I \ndp "]m\obw' Xp-tm acmbn
iWvT-Iq-Snt? Bflmhv (dq-lv) Fn-hnsS ]d-
bp-Xv Hcp ae-n-s\-bmWv. aepIfn
h JpZm, dqln-s\bpw ae-p-Is - fbpw AWn-
\n-cn mq Dm-p-I-bmtWm? mq-
Wnse Poh-msmw in Inptam? JpZm
Atm \nevptam Ccn-ptam? mq-sWmw
tNv sNIp-ms\ Ibm-a - p-mh-tcpw
]nSnp _n-m JpZm-bpsS cmPyw kz-
amIpw. AXmWv JpZm-Xz-hpw.
154. kqcy aqS-s-p-t]m-Ip-tm \-{X- DXnp-
ho-gp-tm ]-X-sf Nen-n-p-tm, BIm-i-
ns ad \o-s-Sp-tm. (7.30.81.1-3, 11)
kao:- CXp alm Adn-hn-m-bva-bm-Wv. tKmf-
amb kqcy-temIw aqS-s-p-t]m-Iptam? \-
{X- DXnp hogptam? PU-]-X-
Fns\ Nenpw? BImiw arK- a mtWm
tXmep-cnpw t]mse ad \om? CsXms
alm ImS-w-X-s.
155. BImiw s]mn-n-f-cp-tm. \-{X- Nnn-n-
X-dp-tm. kap-{Z-fpw \Zn-Ifpw Hgp-In-tm-Ip-tm I_-
dp-I-fn-ep-Xp ]pd-tv hcp-tm (7.30.82.1-4)
kao: sImmw! Jp-B Dm-nb ^ntem-
k-^td! BImiw Fs\ s]mn-n-fcpw?
\-{X-sf cqp Nnn-n-X-dn-p--sX-
s\? kap- { Z- - s f- t mv Hgp- I n-
tmIpsamWv?* J_-dp-I-fn\nv ih--sf-
s\ ]pd- t p hcm- \ mWv ? * CsXmw
shdpw _men-i-amWv!
156. \-{X-f- p BIm-is
- -smp kXyw...... A
CXp al-Xz-ta-dnb JpB BWv..... kpc-n-Xa
]e-I-bn-emWv CXp \ne-sIm-p--Xv. (7.30.85.1.21.22)
kao:- Cu Jp-B Imhv `qan-im-kv{Xtam
hm\-im-kv{Xtam ]Tn--X-. As-n BIm-
i-n \-{X- ]Xn--sXp ]d-bptam?
taSw cminbpw ap-amWv \-{X--sfn ap
\-{X-tfm? AXn-\m Cu \{X
BIm-i-n ]nSn-n-n-cn--b-. Ah \-
{X- t em- I - - f mWv . Cu Jp- B ssZh-
nsbmtWm? Fn ssZhhpw hnZym-bp-
* ChnsS X-abvv Jp-B hN-\-nse am-n-
\-\p-kr-X-ambn amw hcp-n-bn-p-v.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
n-hn-cp---fmb Ahn-Zy-bm Gdn-b-Iqdpw
\nd--Xm-Wv.
157. Ah henb KqV-X{w {]tbm-Kn-p-p. Rm\pw
henb KqV- X {w Xs- b mWv {]tbm- K n- p- - X v .
(8.30.86.15,16)
kao: KqV-X-{-sap]d-bp-Xv NXn-bv-m-
Wv. JpZmbpw NXn-bt\m? tamj-W-n-\p-cw
tamj-Whpw I-n-\p-cw I-hp-amtWm?
I \-hs hon Ibdn Im \-a-
\pjy Is hon Ibdn Iptam?
sImm-atm JpB Imth!
158. \ns cn-Xmhpw AWn-bW
- n-bmbn ae-p-Ifpw hcn-
Ibpw \c-Is sImp-h-cn-Ibpw sNp-tm Av.
(7.30.89.22-23)
kao:- tk\m- y- t\m sImp- h mtfm
ssk\ys AWn- \ n- c n Ihmp
sNnpw t]mse-bmtWm JpZmbpw? \cIw
IpS-amtWm CjvS-ap-n-Sv FSp-p-sIm-p-
sN-m? C{X sNdp-sX-n Gsd-tsc AXn-
se-s\ _n-nSpw?
159. Am-lp-hns H-Is hnt-p-I. AXp- shw
IpSn-p-sIm--s-sbv Am-lp-hns ZqX Atcw
Ah-tcmSp ]d-p. ]t At-ls Ah \ntj-[n-
p. Fnv Ah B H- I s Adp- p- s Im- p.
Atm X-fpsS Ipw ImcWw X-fpsS cn-Xmhv
Ahsc Dq-e\w sNbvXp (7.30.91.13,14)
kao:- JpZmbpw H-I-p-d-tdn khm-cn-sN-
ptam? Cs-n-sen\v HIw? Ibm-a-ns
\m hcmsX Xs \nbaw ewLnv Ahsc
Dq- e \w sNbv X - s X- n\v ? sNbv s X- n
Ahp in-\evIn. ]ns Ibm-a-ns
- mb Hcp
cm{Xn-bn \ymb-hn-[n-sb-Xv I-amtWm?
Cu H-Ih- m-bn \nv Atd-_y-bn khm-
cnv asm-p-an-m-bn-cp-sp \n-bnmw.
As-n ap khm-cn-I Ipd-hm-bn-cp-p.
GtXm Ad-_n-bmWv Jp-B Fgp-Xn-b-sXv
CXp shfn-hm-p-p.
160. thm. Ah hn- c anns- n Xe- a pSn \mw
DutmsS ]nSn-p-h-en-p-I-Xs sNpw..... Iw ]d-
bp-Ibpw Ipw {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp Xe-apSn.
\psS t]meo-kp-Imsc \mapw hnfn-p-sIm-mw. (7.30.96.15,
16,18)
kao: ]mhw N{]m-kn-I-fpsS Xe-apSn ]nSnp
hen-m\pw JpZm! Xe-apSn Iw ]d-bp-Ibpw
Ipw sNbvIbpw sNptam? Poh-\n-msX?
t]meo-kns\ hnfn-p JpZm Fncp JpZm?
422
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
161. hyh--s-Sp-p Hcp cmhn-emWv JpBs\ \mw
Ah-Xc - n-n-X
- v. hyh-s
- -Sp-p cmhv Fsp \n\-
-dn-bmtam? B cmhn ae-p-Ifpw dqlpw (ssZ-hnI
kt-i-hpw) Ah-cpsS cn-Xm-hns Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cnv
Fm Imcy--fpw-sImv Cdn hcp-p. (7.30.97.1.2,4)
kao: Hcp cmhn-emWv Jp-B Ah-X-cn-s-
n Atm-gn-dn ]s-s Cdn* Fp
]d-bp-Xp kXy-am-Iptam? cm{Xn Ccp-mWv.
Am-sX--dn-bm? Xmsgbpw apI-fnepw Hpw
ssZhw Cd-pp. Cd-p-p-an-sp \mw Fgp-
Xn-h--tm. ae-p-Ifpw dqlpw ssZhm--
bm Cd-n-h-t{X! Cu JpZm a\p-jy-s\-
tmse GI- t Z- i n- X s. CXp- h - s c- b mbn
JpZmbpw aepw, {]hm-N-I\pw am{Xta Dm-
bn-cp-p-q. Ctm-gnXm dqlpw IqSn Cdn
hn-cn-p-p. \mem-aXv! CsX-mWo dqsl-
-dn-hn-. CXn-tm {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {XnXz-
amb ]nXmhv ]p{X ]cn-ip-m-flmhv Fn-h-
tb-m Hp-IqSn!
Ch aqn-s\bpw JpZm-bmbn KWn-p-n-s-
m-sW-n A-s\-bm-Is. Fm, dqlv
thd-bm-bn-cns JpZm, aev , {]hm-N-I
Fn-h-scbpw dqlv (]-hn-{Xm-flmhv ssZhnI
kt-iw) Fp ]d-tbt? ]hn-{Xm-flm-hm-
sW-n Hn-s\-am{Xw ]hn-{Xm-flm-shp ]d-
bm-tam. IpXnc, HIw, cm]-I, Jp-B apX-
em-bh
- s
- Imv ssZhw BsW-bn-Sp-p. CXp \-
hv tN-X-.
Jp-B-s\-n teJ-Is A`n-{]mbw
C\n Jp-Bs- \-n FgpXn _pn-am-m-cpsS
kaw CsX--s\-bpsXp {]Xn-]m-Zn-
mw. FtmSp tNmZn-m CXv Cuiz-c-Ir-
Xtam hnZzZvcNn-X-tam, hnZym-bp-tam A,
Ft ]d-bq.
Aev]w tZmj- am{Xta ChnsS ]d-p-
q. Bfp-I A_--n s]v PohnXw
hy-am--cp-X-tm. CXn-ep Aev]-am{Xw
kXy- thZmZn hnZym- ] p- k v X - I - - f n-
epXpt]mse F\np {Kmly-am-bn-cnpw
hw, ap aX--fn-sebpw imTy--]--]m-X-c-
ln-X-cmb hnZzm-mpw _pn-am-mpw
{Kmly-am-Wv. CX-msX ap--sXmw Ahn-
* hymJym-Xm- Cs\bmWv hymJym-\s
- a-gp-Xp-X
- v.
Hn-n-d
- n-bX
- m-bn-
- .
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Zybpw {`a-Pm-ehpw a\p-jy-cpsS Bflm-sf
arK- X p- e y- a mn imn- ` w- K hpw, el- f bpw
Dmn a\p-jy-cn B{Iaw hfn ]c-
kv]cw ZpxJ-n-em-gvp--Xp-amb hnj-b--
fmWv. ]p\-cpn tZmj-ns `WvUm-c-amWv
Jp-B.
Cuiz-c Fm-hpw Ir]sNmcn-v, ]c-
kv ] cw kv t \lhpw {]oXnbpw kuJyhpw
hn-n-p {]hr-n-I-fn Gs-Sp--s.
Rm Fsbpw A\y-hp-amb aX-a-Xm--c--
fnse tZmj- ]-]mXw IqSmsX {]Im-
in- n- p- - X p- t ]mse Fm hnZzm- mcpw
sNbvXm ]c-kv]c hntZz-jhpw hntcm-[hpw
Cm-Xm-n. B\--]qw sFIa-Xy-tmsS
Hnp tNv kXy-{]m]vXn ssIh-cp-p-hm
FmWp hnjaw? Jp-B-s\-n Aev]-am{Xw
Fgp-Xn. CXn \nv _pn-am-m-cmb [man-
I {K-Im-cs A`n-{]mbw {Klnv em`m-\zn-
X-cm-I-Ww.
h-bn-Spw sXp-] - n-bn-p-s-n AXp
Xncp-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
thZ-n Cmw ]cm-ai-\tam?
Hcp Imcyw tijn-p-p. hfsc apo
X-fpsS aX-s-n AYh thZ-n Fgp-
Xn-bn-p-sv ]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw {]N-
cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p-v. AYhthZ-n
C-s\-bn-st D-ca - p-q. sNdp-kq-N\
- t- ]m-
ep-an-.
tNmZyw: \n AYhthZw In-
ptm? In-p-s-n Atm-]-\n-jp
hmbn-n-ptm? CXv AXnteXmWv. ]ns-
-s\-bmWv AYh-th-Z-n kqN-\-t]mepw
Csp ]d-Xv?
AYmftm-]-\n-jZw hymJym-kymax
Akvambmw Ct an{Xm-hcpWm Znhym\n
[t. Ct hcptWm cmPm ]p\ZpZpx
1. lbm ant{Xm Cmw Ct Cmw
hcptWm an{XkvtX PkvXmax
2. tlmXm-c-ant{m tlmXm-c-an-{-a-lm-kp-
cn{mx Atm tPyjvTw t{ijvTw ]caw ]qWw
{_mWw Am-av.
423
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
3. Atm ckqe alm-a-Z-c-I-_-cy Atm
Am-av.
4. AZ-m-_qI-ta-II
- a
- .v Am-_qI \nJ-XIav.
5. Atm bt\ lpX-lp-Xzm. Am
kqcy N{ kh-\-{Xmx
6. Am EjoWmw kh-Znhymw C{mb
]qhw ambm ]c-a-a-cnmx
7. Ax ]rYnhym Acnw hniz-cq-]-av.
8. Cmw I_ Cmw I_ Cmw
CtXn C-mx
9. Hmw Am Cm A\mZnkzcq- ] mb
AYh-Wm-iymam lpw {low P\m\ ]iq
knm Ne-N-cm-\-ZrjvSw Ipcp-Ip-cp-^-Sv.
10. Akpc kwlm-cnWo lpw {low Atm-
c-kqe al-a-Zc I_-cky Atm Am-an--
tXn Cmx
CXy-tm-]-\n-jXv kam]vXm:
CXn {]Xy-ambpw apl--Zv\-_nsb dkq
Fs-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. CXn \nv Cmw aXw
thZ-aq-e-I-am-sWp sXfn-bp-p.
Dcw: \n AYh-thZw In-s-
n \psS ] hcq. XpSw apX
HSpw hsc t\mq. As-n GsX-nepw
A-Yh-th-Z-m-cs ] \nv Ccp-]Xp
ImWvU--fp AYh-thZw hmn t\mq.
\n-fpsS {]hm-N-Is t]tcm, aX-ns
kqN-\tbm AXn ImWn-. Cu Atm-]-\n-
jv AYh-th-Z-n-setbm AXns {_m-
W-amb tKm]-Y-n-setbm GsX-nepw imJ-
bnsetbm A. CXp-m-nb B Ae]w
Ad-_nbpw kzev]w kwkvIrXhpw ]Tn--Xm-
sWp tXmp- p. Fs- m CXn
Ad_nbnsebpw kwkvIr-X-n-sebpw ]Z-
ImWmw.
t\mq, (A- k v a mmw Ct an{Xm- h - c pWm
Znhym-\n-[-t) CXymZn ]p-`m-K-ambn Fgp-
Xn- b n- c n- p- p. CXn Akv a mmw Ct
Fnh Ad-_nbpw an{Xm-h-cpWm Znhym\n
[t kwkvIrXhpw BWv. A-s\-bmWv
apgp-h\pw. AXn-\m kwkvIr-Xhpw Ad-_nbpw
Adn-bm-hp Bfm-bn-cn-Ww CsX-gp-Xn-bXv.
Aw t\mn- b m Ir{Xn- a - h pw, tNcm-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
Xpw, hymI- c W hncp- - h p- a mWv Fp
ImWmw.
Cu D]-\n-j-p-t]mse ]e aX-mcpw ]-
]m-Xn-Ifpw ]e D]-\n-j-p-Ifpw Fgp-Xo-p-v.
kztcm-t]m--\n-jv, \rknw-l-Xm-]n\n, cma-Xm-
]\n, tKm]m-e-Xm-]n\n apX-emb ]e-Xp-ap-v.
tNmZyw:- C-Xp-h-sc-bmcpw \n-sf-tmse ]d-
n-n-. CsX-s\ hniz-knpw?
Dcw:- \n hniz-kn-mepw Cs-nepw
\mw ]d-Xv I-am-In-. Rm\n-Xns\ Abp-
- a m- sWp m]n- - Xp- t ]mse \nfpw
AYhthZw, tKm]-Y{- _m-Ww, thZ-im-JI -
Fo {]mNo\ {K- - f n \nv
bYmamb teJ\w Imp-I. A-kmw-K-
Xy-m ipo-I-cn-bpw sNp-I. Atm
{]am-W-bp--am-Ipw.
tNmZyw:- \psS aXw F{X tIa-am-sWp
t\mp-I. AXn k-kp-J--fp-ap-v. HSp-
hn apnbpw Inpw.
Dcw: Fm aX-mcpw C-s\-Xs ]d-
bpw. ""R-fpsS aXw tIaw. asmw tamiw.
apn R-fpsS aX-n-eqtS Inq.'' Fn-
s\. \n ]d- bp- tXm Ah ]d- b p-
tXm R hniz-kn-t--Xv?
kXy-`m-jWw, Alnw-k, Zb apX-emb ip`-Kp-
W- Fm aX- fnepw \- X m- s Wp
R hniz-kn-p-p. _mn, hmZ-hn-hmZw,
Cujym-tZzjw, anYym-`m-jWw Fn-h Fm
aX--fnepw No-bm-Wv. \nv kXy-aXw
thW-sa-n sshZn-I-aXw ssIsm-p-I.
C\n kzw am\y-X-Ifpw Aam-\y-X-Ifpw "kza-
-hym-a-y-hy-{]-Imiw' F ioj-In
Fgp-Xmw.
{ioa-b
- m-\
- k
- c
- k
- z-Xn-kzm-an-I cNnkXym-{]-Im-
i-nse
Cmw aX-hn-jb -
- sf JWvU\-aW - vU\w sNp
]Xn-memw kap-mkw Ign-p.
424
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
Hmw
kXym-{]-Imiw
kza--hym-a--hy-{]-Imix
(kzw am\y-X-Ifpw Aam-\y-X-I-fpw)
kh-X-{-kn-m--sa-Xv Fm cmPy--
fnepw kmh-P-\n-I-amb [a-am-Wv. AXns\
Ftmgpw Fm-hcpw am\np t]mp, Cpw
am\n-p-p, \msfbpw am\n-pw. AXn-\m
k\m-X\ \nXy-[a-sa-mWv AXns t]cv .
AXns hntcm-[n-I Bcpw Dm-hp-I-bn-.
Ahn-Zym-bp--cmbhtcm GsX-nepw aX-m-
c-\m hgn-sX-n-s - -h- tcm Adn-bp-Ibpw am\n-
p-Ibpw sNp--Xp-t ]mse _pn- a m- m
sN-cp-Xv. ]Icw, B]vX AYhm kXy-am-\n-
Ifpw kXy-hm-Zn-Ifpw kXy-Im-cn-Ifpw ]tcm-]-
Im-cn-Ifpw ]-]m-X-c-ln-X-cp-amb hnZzm-m
am\n-p-Xv {]am-W-tbm-Ky-am-I-bm Fm-
hpw am\yhpw am\n-m-Xv Aam-\y-hp-am-
bn-cn-pw.
thZmZn kXy-im-kv{X-fpw, {_m Ejn
apX ssPan\nap\n-h-sc-bphcpw am\n-n-
cp Cuiz-c XpS-n-bp--sXmw F\npw
am\y-am-Wv. Ah k-\--fmb alm-i-b-
mk-aw {]Im-in-n-p-sIm--s.
F\np am\n-m-hph {XnIm-e--fnepw
Fm- h pw am\y- a m- b n- c n- p- - X m- s W- v
Rm Adn-bpp. F\nv \ho\ k-ev]-
tfm ]pXnb aX-a-Xm--c- {]N-cn-n-m-
\p-t-itam teihpw C-X-s. kXy-am-bXp
am\n-p-I, am\n-n-p-I, Ak-Xys XyPn-p-
I, XyPn-n-pI Fn-h-bmWv F\n--`o-jvSw.
Rm ]-]m-Xn-bm-sW-n Bcymh-
n {]N-cn-ncnp GsXnepw aX-tmSv
B`n-apJyw ]pepw. Bcym-h-ntem
A\y-{Xtbm D A[a-bp-a - mbhsb kzoI-
cn- p- I tbm [a- b p- - a m- b - h sb XyPn- p-
Itbm C. AXn\v B{K- l n- p- p- a n- .
Fsm AXv a\p-jy-[-n\p _mly-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
am-Wv.
a\-\-io-e-tmsS Xt-sX--hw A\y-
cpsS kpJ-Zpx-J--sfbpw em`-\-jvS--sfbpw
IW-m-p--h-s\-bmWv a\p-jy-s\p ]d-bp-
Xv. A\ym-b-m-c-\mb is\ `b-s-S-cp-
Xv. Fm [am-flm-hmb Zp-e-s\-tmepw
t]Sn- - W w. Fp am{X- a - , Xs Fm
kmaYyhpw D]tbm-Knv, [am-flm-sf, Ah-
sc-{Xbpw A\m-Ytcm Zp_-etcm \nKp-Wtcm
BIs, cn-bpw Dbp-Ibpw CjvS-am-
N-cn-bpw A[an-I-sf, N{I-hn-am-tcm,
k\m- Y tcm, alm- i - tcm, KpW- h m- mtcm
Bbmepw \in-n-bpw Xmgvn-s-p-Ibpw,
A\n- j v S - a m- N - c np Xfp- I bpw thWw.
CXn F{X ZmcpWamb ZpJw Dm-bmepw,
{]mW shSn-tb-n-h-mepw a\p-jym-\p-Iq-e-
amb Cu [a-n \np amdn \nev-cp-Xv.
CXn-s\-n {ioam `Xr-l-cn-a-lm-cm-Pmhpw
apw tmI-sa-gp-Xn-bn-p-v. ChnsS AsX-gp-Xp-
Xv {]tbm-P-\-s-Spw.
1. \np \oXn \n]pWmbZnhmkvXphp
evaox kam-hn-iXp KXp hm btY-jvSav.
AssZyh hm ac-W-akvXp bpKm-tc hm
\ymmXv ]Yx {]hn-Ne -- n ]Zw \ [ocmx
(`Xr-l-cn)1
2. \ PmXp Imam `bm tem`mZv
[cvaw XytP-o-hn-X-kym]n tltXmx
[tam \nXyx kpJ-Zpx-tJ-Xz-\ntXy
Pothm \ntXym tlXp-c-ky-Xz-\nXyx
(a-lm-`m-c-Xw)
1. \oXn-i-XIw 84
2. DtZym-K-]w 40 11
425
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
3. GI-Gh kplr-cvtam
\n[-t\f]y\pbmXn bx
ico-tcW kaw \miw
kcvh-a-\yn KXn.
(a-\p)3
4. kXy-tah PbtX \m\rXw
ktXy\ ]m hnXtXm tZh-bm\x
tb\mff{Iayr-jtbm lym]vX-Imam
b{X XXyky ]caw hn[m-\-av.
(D)4
5. \ln kXymXv ]tcm-[cvtam
\m\r-XmXv ]mXIw ]c-av.
\ln kXymXv ]cw-m\w
XkvamXv kXyw kam-N-tcXv. 5
Cu alm-i-b-m-cpsS tmI--\p-kr-X-
ambn Fmw \n-bn-m-hp--XmWv6 . C\n
Rm Hmtcm-mbn Fs am\y-Xb - v\ - p-kc - nv
kwt-]np hWn-mw. CXns hntij
hymJym- \ - Cu {K- nse AXmXp
k`--fn Dv.
1. Cuiz-c: {_w, ]c-am-flmhv XpS-nb
t]cp-I-fp kn-Zm-\-mZn e-W-bp-hpw
]hn- { X- a mb KpW- I - k z- ` m- h - - f p- Xpw
kh- \pw, P- c - l n- X \pw, A\- \pw,
kh-i-n-am\pw, Zbm-ephpw \ymb-Im-cnbpw
3. a\p-kvarXn. 8.17.
4. apWvU-tIm-]-\n-j-Xv. 3.1.6.
5. AmXw 6. Cu tifpsS `mhmw. 1. \oXn-
\n-]p-Wm kvXpXn-tbm \nn-tbm sN-s,
[\w CjvSw-t]mse hcn-Itbm t]mhp-Itbm sNs,
Cp-Xs - tbm bpK-p tijtam acWw `hn-s
Fm-bmepw [oc-m \ymb-am-n \nv ASn-
sX-p-I-bn-. 2. B{K-l-ntem `b-mtem tem`-
mtem PohnXw \ne-\nm-\m-bmepw icn Hcn-epw
[w XyPn--cpXv. [w \nXyhpw kpJ-Zpx-J--f-
\n-Xyhpw Poh \nXyhpw kpJ-ZpxJ Imc-W--f-\n-
Xy-hp-am-W.v 3. ac-W
- nepw A\p-bm{X sNp kplr-
s-t-bp-p. AXmWv [w. asmw Xs ico-
c-tmsSmw \mk-a-b-S-bp-p. 4. kXyw Pbnpw
A\rXw Pnbn-n-. kXy-m-e-tm-tam--amw
hnkvXr-X-am-bn-cn-p--Xv. kXy-ns B t{ijvT-]p-
RvP - n-te-mWv B]XvIc - a
- mb Ejn-am B hgntb
{Ia-ambn apt-dp-X - .v 5. kXy-t-m henb [-
an-. A\r-X-t-m henb ]mX-I-an-. kXy-t-
m henb Adn-hn-. AXn-\m kXy-am-N-cn-p-I.
kXym-{]-Im-iw
krjvSn-Imhpw, [mc-I\pw kwlmhpw,
kh-Po-hn-Ipw Im\p-krXw kXy-\ym-
b--f-\p-k-cnv ^ew \evIp-Xpw e-W--
fm-bpXns\ "kt-iz-c' Fp am\n-p-
p.
2. NXpt-Z-: (= hnZym-[a-bp--\mb
Cuiz-c-\m {]Wo-X-amb kwln-Xm-a-{-`m-Kw)
sXp-]-m kzXx {]am-W-ambn am\n-p-p.
AXv kzbw {]am-W-am-Wv. AXm-bXv AXns
{]mam-Wy-n\v ap {K--fpsS {]mamWyw
th. kqcy\pw hnfpw AXm-Xns {]Im-i-
m kzXx {]Im-i-I-am-bn-cnpw]Sn, ]rYn-
hym- Z n- I sf {]Im- i n- n- pw t]msebmWv
NXpt-Z-. NXpt-Z--fpsS {_m-W-
Bdw-K-, Bdp-]mw-K-, \mep-]-th-
Z- 1127 thZ-im-JI - AYhm thZ-hym-Jym\
cq]n {_mZn aljn-am Dm-nb
{K-, Fn-hsb ]cXx {]am-W-ambn.
AXm-bXv, thZm-\p-Iq-e-am-b-{Xbpw {]am-Whpw
thZ-hn-cp hN-\--fp-s-n Ahsb A{]-
am-W-ambpw am\n-p-p.
3. [am-[a-: ]-]m-X-c-ln-X-amb
\ymbm-N-c-Whpw kXy-`m-j-Wm-Zn-bp-hpw
Cuiz-cm-b - mb thZ-hncp-hpw Bb-
Xns\ [a- s apw, ]- ] mX kln- X hpw
A\ym-bm-N-c-Whpw anYym-`m-j-W-hpw, Cuiz-
cmm `wKhpw thZ-hn-cp--am-bXpw GtXm
AXns\ A[a-sapw am\n-p-p.
4. Poh: C, tZzjw, kpJw, ZpxJw,
m\w apX-emb KpW--fp-Xpw Aev]-
-\pw, \nXyhpw Bb-Xns\ Poh Fp
am\n-p-p.
5. Poh\pw Cuiz-c\pw: kzcq] ssh[ay-
- f m `nhpw hym]y hym- ] I _w
km[ayw Fn-h-bm A`n--hp-am-Wv. AXm-
bXv aqn-a-mb {Zhyw BIm-i-n\n-
`n--ambn Ccp-Xpw Ccn-p--Xpw-t]m-sebpw
Fm Hcn-epw Hm-bn-n-cp-nn-m-Xpw
Ccn-m-Xpw t]msebpw Cuiz-c\pw Pohm-
flmhpw hym]y hym]-Icpw, D]mky D]m-k-
Icpw. ]nXm-]p-{X-mcpw XpS-nb _--fp-
-h-bm-sWp am\n-p-p.
6. A\mZn hkvXp-: aqp-v, Hv Cuiz-
c, cv Pohm-flm-, aqv {]IrXn AYhm
PK-XvIm-c-Ww. Chbvp \nXyw F t]cp-ap-
426
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
v . \nXy- h - k v X p- - f psS KpW- I - k z- ` m-
hfpw \nXy-am-Wv.
7. {]hm-l-m A\mZn: kwtbm-K-m
Dm- I p {Zhy- K pW I- hntbm- K -
n\p tijw \ne-\n-evp-n-. Fm GXn-
\m {]Ya kwtbm- K - a p- m- I p- pthm B
kmaYyw AXn A\m-Zn-bm-Wv. AXp-sImv
hopw kwtbm-K-hn-tbm-K- kw`-hn-p-p.
Ch aqn-s\bpw {]hm-l-m A\m-Zn-sbp
am\n-p-p.
8. krjvSn: shtsd {Zhy--fpsS m\-
]q-ap IqSn-t-bn-eqsS hnhn[ cq-]-
Dm-Ip--Xn\p krjvSn-sbp ]d-bp-p.
9. krjvSn-bpsS {]tbm-P\w: Cuiz-cs
krjvSn-\n-an--amb KpW-Ia kz`m-h-
k^-ea - m-Ie
- mWv krjvSn-bpsS {]tbm-P\
h A]-c-t\mSp tNmZn-pp Is-n\v?
ImWm F- b m- f p- cw ]d- b p- p. CXp-
t]mse krjvSn-m Cuiz-c-\p kma-Yy-
ns km^eyw krjvSn--en-em-Wv. Pohm-
flm-v bYm-XYm Ia-^-e-t`mKw \evI
apX-em-b-h-bpw.
10. krjvSn kIXrIw: BWv. CXns
Imhv ap]p ]d Cuizc-\m-Wv. Fs-
m, krjvSn-c-N\ t\mm\pw PU-]-Zm-
v kzbw bYm-tbmKyw _oPm-Zn-I-fm-Im-
\p kmaYyw Cm- b v I - b mepw krjv S n-
Imhv IqSntb Ign-bq.
11. _\w: \nan--ap--Xm-Wv, AXm-bXv
Ahn-Zym-\n-an-w. ]m]-Ia-, Cuiz-c-\-m-
- X ns Bcm- [ \, Am\w XpS- n- b -
sXmw ZpxJ-^ew \evIp--Xm-Wv. AXn-\m
Ch _-\--fm-Wv. B{K-l-an-s-nepw A\p-
`-hn-t-Xo-cq.
12. apn: Fm ZpxJ--fn\npw thdnv
_-\-c-ln-X-\mbn kh-hym-]n-bmb Cuiz-c-
\nepw Ahs krjvSn-bnepw tkzm-]qw
hnlcnv \nb- X - k - a bw hsc apn- b psS
B\w A\p-`-hn tijw hopw kwkm-c-
_--\-n hcn-I.
13. apn-km-[-\-: Cuiz-tcm-]m-k\
AYhm tbmKm-`ymkw, [am-\p-jvTm-\w, {_-
N-cy-m hnZym-{]m]vXn B]vX-hn-Zzm-m-cp-
ambn kwkKw, kXy-hnZy, kZzn-Nmcw, ]pcp-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
jmYw BZn-bm-b-h.
14. AYw: [a-m am{Xw ssIh-cp--
Xm- W v. A[a- m knn- p- - X n\v
A\Yw Fp ]d-bp-p.
15. Imaw: [aw AYw Fn-hb - m ssIh-
cpXv.
16. hWm-{iaw: KpW-Ia-f - psS tbmKyX
A\p-k-cn-m-sWp am\n-p-p.
17. cmPmhv: ip`-amb KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h - m
hnf- p ]]mX- c - l n- X - \ mbn \ymb-
[as tkhnp {]P-I-tfmSv ]nXr-Xpeyw
hn-p--bm-fmWv cmPm-hv.
18. {]P: ]hn-{X-amb KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-
[mc-Ww-sNbvXv ]-]m-X-an-msX \ymb-[a-
-f-\p-jvTnv cmPm-hn-sbpw P\--fpsSbpw
- w. Hcp- DXn B{K- l n- p- s Imv cmP- t {Zmlw
sNmsX, cmPm-hn-t\mSv ]p{X-Xpeyw hn-
p--bm-fmWv {]P.
19. \ymb- I mcn: Nnnv , Ak- X ys
shSnv kXys {Klnv, A\ymb-Im-cn-Isf
AI-n, \ymb-Im-cn-Isf hn-nv, X\n-s-
-hw ap--h-cpsS kpJw Imwn-p--bm-
fmWv \ymb-Im-cn. Ahsc Rm am\n-p-p.
20. tZh: hnZzm-m-cmWv tZh-m, Ahn-
Zzm-m Akp-c-cpw, ]m]n-I cm-kcpw
A\m-Nm-c- sNp--h ]nim-Np--fp-am-
sWp am\n-p-p.
21. tZh-]qP: B hnZzm-m, amXm-hv, ]nXmhv,
BNm-cy, AXn-Yn, \ymb-Im-cn-bmb cmPm-hv,
[mflm-fmb P\w, ]Xn-{hX, ]Xv\o-{h-
X, Fn-hsc kXvI-cn-p--Xt{X tZh-]q-P-
sbp ]d-bp--Xv. CXn\p hn]-coXw AtZ-h--
]q-Pbpw. Cu hn{K-l--sf-bmWv ]qPn-t--
Xv . inem- Z n- I - f m- e p- m- nb hn{K- l -
kYm A]q-Py-sav am\n-p-p.
22. inWw: hnZy, k`y-X, [amflX,
PntX-{n-bX apX-em-bh hn-nv Ahn-Zym-
Zn-tZm-j-sf shSn-bpXmWv in-Ww.
23. ]qcmWw: {_lv-amZn Ejn-\nn-X-amb
sFX- t c- b mZn {_m- W - { K- - - f m- W v.
Ahbvv ]pcmWw, CXn-lmkw, Iev]w, KmY,
\mcm-iwkn Fo t]cp-I-fp-ap-sp am\n-p-
p. `mK-h-Xm-Zn-Isf am\n-p-n-.
427
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
24. Xow: ZpxJkm-Kcw IS-n-hn-Sp
kXy-`m-j-Ww, hnZy, kw-Kw, bam-Zn-tbm-Km-
`ymkw, ]pcp-jmw, hnZym-Zm\w XpS-nb
ip`-I-, Chsb XoY-sap am\n-p-
p. e-P-em-Zn-I-sf-b.
25. ]pcp- j mYw {]mc- _ v [ - n- e p- ] cn:
Fs-m knX {]mc_v[w Dm-Ip--
Xpw, GXv ip-am-bm Fmw ip-am-Ip--
Xpw, GXp XIm Fmw XI-cp-Xpw
BWv ]pcp-jmw. AXn-\m ]pcp-jmw
{]mc_v-[-t-m al-m-Wv.
26. a\p-jy: Fm-h-tcmSpw bYm-tbmKyw
Xtm-sS--hw kpJ ZpxJ em`-\-jvS--fn
hn-p--h t{ijvT, A\yYm hn-
p--h No Fp am\n-p-p.
27. kwkvmcw: icocw a-\v Bflmhv
Fn-hsb D-a-am-p-tXtXm AXm-Wv
kwkvIm-cw. Ch \ntjIw apX ivaim-\{- Inb
hsc ]Xn-\m-dp-v, Ch I-hy-am-sWp
am\n-p-p. Zl-\m-\cw acn--bm-fn-\p-thn
Hpw A\p-jvTn-t--Xn-.
28. bw: hnZzm-m-cpsS kXvImcw, inev],
ckm-b\ ]Zm-hn-Zy-Ip]-bp--am-bh
sNp-I, hnZym-Zn-ip-`-Kp-W--fpsS Zm\w, An-
tlm-{Xm-Zn-I-fm hmbp, hrjvSn, Pew. Huj[n
apX-em-b-hsb ip-am- hgn Pohn-Ip
kuJyw ]I-cpI Fn-h-bmWv b-sap
am\n-p-p.
29. Bcy: t{ijvT\pw Zkyp ZpjvS\pw ]d-
bp t]cp-I-fm-sWpam\n-p-p.
30. Bcym-hw: Cu `q`m-Kn\v Cu
t]cp hXv BZn-krjvSn apX Bcy-m Cu
`mKs A[n-h-kn-p--Xn-\m-emWv. Fm
CXns AXncv hSv lnam-e-bhpw sXv
hnym- N - e hpw ]Sn- mdv Av \ - Z nbpw
Ingv {_-]p-{X-bp-am-Wv. Cu \me-Xnn-
bv p- n D tZi- ns\ Bcymh-
sap ]d-bp-p. CXn kZm hkn-p--hsc
Bcy-m-scpw ]d-bp-p.
31. BNm-cy: kwtKm-]mwKw thZ-hnZy ]Tn-
nv kXym-Nmcw B{K-lnv anYym-Nmcw XyPn-
n-p--bm-fmWv BNm-cy.
32. injy: kXy-in--Whpw hnZybpw
kXym-{]-Im-iw
{Kln-m tbmKy-\mb [am-flmhpw hnZym-
{K- l - W - n\v C- b p- - b mfpw BNm- c y\v
{]nbw sNp--bm-fp-amWv in-jy.
33. Kpcp: amXmhpw ]nXmhpw kXyw {Klnv
Ak-Xys XyPn-n-pbmfmWv Kpcp.
34. ]ptcm-ln-X: bP-am-\\v lnX-I-c-amb
kXys D]-tZ-in-p--bm.
35. D]m-[ym-b: thZ-`m-K-tam, thZmw-Ktam
]Tn-n-p--bm
36. injvSm-Nmcw: [am-N-c-W-]qw {_-
N-cy-tmsS A`y-knv {]Xy-m-Zn-{]-am-W--
fm kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw \nW-bnv kXyw
{Klnp-Ibpw AkXyw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p-Ibpw
sNp--XmWv injvSm-Nmcw. CXp sNp--bm-
fmWv injvS.
37. AjvS-{]-am-W-: {]Xyw apX-emb
Fp-{]-am-W- am\n-p-p.
38. B]vX: bmYmYyw ]d-bp-, [am-
flm-hmb kh-cp-sSbpw kpJ-n-\mbn bXv\n-
p--bm-fmWv B]vX.
39. ]co: Ap {]Im-c-n-epv Hv
Cuiz-c. Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-fpw
thZ-hn-Zy-bpw. cv {]Xy-mZn Fp {]am-W-
. aqv krjvSn-{I-aw. \mev B]vX-m-
cpsS s]cp-am-w. Av kzw Bflm-hns
]hn-{X-X. hnZy Cu Ap-]co-I - f
- m kXym-
kXyw \n-bnv kXys {Kln-p-Ibpw
Ak-Xys ]cn-Xy-Pn-bpw thWw.
40. ]tcm-]-Imcw: a\p-jys Zpcm-Nm-c-Zpx-J-
hn-I-ep-I-bpw. t{ijvTm-Nm-chpw kpJhpw
hn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn\p {]hn-p--
XmWv ]tcm-]-Imcw.
41. kzX-{hpw ]c-X-{hpw: Poh Xs
Ia--fn kzX-{hpw Ia-^ew A\p-`-hn-
p--Xn Cuiz-cs hyh--bm ]c-X-{-
hp-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse Cuizc Xs kXym-
Nm-cmZn Ia--f-\p-jvTn-p--Xn kzX-{-\m-
Ip-p.
42. kzKw: kpJ-hn-ti-j-t`m-Khpw AXn-\p-
X-Ip kma-{Kn-If - psS {]m]vXn-bp-amWv kzKw.
43. \cIw: ZpxJ-hn-ti-j-t`m-Khpw AXn-\p-
X-Ip kma-{Kn-I-fpsS {]m]vXn-bp-amWv \c-Iw.
428
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw
44. Pw: icocw [cnv {]I-S-am-p--XmWv
Pw. CXp ]qhw, ]cw, a[yw Fp-aqp
{]Im-c-n-ep-v.
45. Pw--arXyp: ico-c-ns kwtbmKw
Phpw hntbm-Kw -am{Xw arXyp-hp-am-Wv.
46. hnhmlw: \nb-a-]qhw {]kn--am-n,
kzw C-bm ]mWn-{K-lWw sNp-X - mWv
hnhm-lw.
47. \ntbmKw: hnhm- l - n\p tijw
]Xntbm ]Xv\ntbm acn-p-Itbm sNp
hntbm-K- ntem AYhm \]pw-kI - X
- zmZn nc-
tcm-K-ntem, kv{Xotbm ]pcp-jt\m B]vX-
Im-e-n kzh-n-setbm Xt-Xn-s\-
m D-a-h-n-setbm kv{XotbmsSm
]pcp-j-t\mtSm tNv k-Xyp-Xv]m-Z\w \S-
pXv \ntbm-Kw.
48. kvXpXn: KpW-Io-\tam {ih-Wtam
m\tam BWv CXns ^ew {]oXnbpw ap-
am-Wv.
49. {]m\: kzkm-aYyn\p ]pdta,
Cuiz-cs\ kw_-n hnm-\m-Zn-I e`n-
p-hm Cuiz-c-t\mSv At]-n-p-Xv. CXn-
\p-^ew Zpc-`n-am-\-\m-ihpw ap-am-Wv.
50. D]m-k\: Cuiz-cs KpW-Ia-kz-`m-h-
]hn-{X-am-I-bm, XtXpw A{]Imc-am-
-Ww. Cuiz-cs\ k-hym-]I - \- mbpw Xn
Cuiz-c hym]n-n-cn-p-spw {Klnv Cuiz-
c-k-ao]w \mapw \psS Cuiz-c\pw Dsv
tbmKm-`ym-k-m kmm-XvI-cn-p-XmWv
D]m-k\, CXn\v mt\m--Xnbpw ap-amWv
^ew.
51. kKpW \nKpW kvXpXn {]m-
t\m]m-k\: Cuiz-c-\n-ep KpW--f-dnv
Ah-bm bp-s\pw Cm--h-b-dnv,
Ah-bn-m--h-s\pw Adnv Ion-p--
XmWv kKp-W- \ - nKpWkvXp-Xn. ip`-Kp-W
{Kln-m Cuiz-c-t\m-Sn-n-p-Xpw, tZmj-
XyPn-m Cuiz-c-t\mSp klm-b-am-{i-
bn-p--Xp-am-Wv. kKp-W-\nKpW {]mY-\.
Fm KpW--fp-Xpw, kh-tZm-j--fm
cln-X\pw Bb-XmWv Cuiz-c-s\--dn-v,
kzw Bflm-hns\ Ah-\pw, Ahs B-
bvp-ambn kanXmWv kKpW \nKp-
kXym-{]-Im-iw
tWm-]m-k\. Cu knm-- Fs {K-
-fn Ahn-S-hnsSmWmw.
kwt-]-n kzkn-mw shfn-hmn.
CXns hnti- j - h ym- J ym\w Cu
kXymY{]Im-i - ns {]I-cW - - f
- nepw thZ-
]-cy-S\w -(EtKzZmZn `mjy-`q-an-I) apX-emb
{K--fnepw Dv. Fm-hpw am\y-amb
Imcy- am\n-p-p. AXm-bXv kXyw ]d-
b-W-sa-Xv Fm-hpw \Xpw am\y-hp-
amWv. Iw ]d-bp-Xv Nobpw. Ch Rm
kzoI-cn-p-p.
aX-a-Xm--c--fpsS ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp el-f-
bn F\nv {]k--X-bn-. Fs-m Cu
aX-{]-Nm-c-I-cmWv Ah-c-h-cpsS aXw {]N-cn-n-
v a\p-jysc IpSpn ]c-kv]cw i{Xp--fm-n-
b-Xv. CXns\ FXnv kh-k-Xy-ns\
{]N-cn-nv Gh-scbpw sFIy-a-Xyn-emn,
tZzjw shSn-bnv, ]c-kv]cw ZrV-amb {]XoXn
D-h-cmn Fm-hcpw Fm-hpw kpJ-tem-
`- Fnp sImSp-n-pXn\p thn-
bmWv Fs-]-cn-{i-a-fpw A`n{]mbfpw.
k- i nam\mb Cuiz- c s Ir]bpw
klm-bhpw B]vX]pcp-j-mcpsS klm-\p-`q-
XnbpwsImv Cu knm- - `qan-bn-sepw
io{Lw {- ]-hr-a- m-Is
- . As\ Ghcpw kl-
P-ambn [amY-Im-a-tam-- kn-amn
kZm D-Xnbpw B\-hpw {]m]n-s. CXm-
sWs apJy-e-yw.
_pn-am-m-tcmSv A[n-I-sap hnkvX-cn-m!
Hmav itm an{Xx iw hcpWx itm
`h-Xz-cy-am.
i Ct{m _rl-kv]Xnx itm
hnjvW-cp-cp-{Iax \tam {_tW
\akvtX hmtbm Xztah {]Xyw
{_m-kn. Xztah {]Xyw {_-a-hm-Zn-
j-av, EXa-hm-Zn-j-av, kXy-a-hm-Zn-jav, Xm-
am-hoXvXZz-m-cam-hoZv Bho-mhv Bho-
- Zz--c-av.*
Hmav imnx imnx imnx
{ioaXv ]c-a-lwk ]cn-{hm-P-Im-Nm-cy-\pw,
]c-a-hn-Zzm-\pw, Bb
{iohn-cP
- m-\ kc-kz-Xn-kzm-an-If- psS
injy-\mb {ioa-b - m-\kc-kzXn kzman-If - m
hnc-NnXamb kza--hym-a-hy knm---fm
* ssXn-cob Bc-WyIw 7.12
429
 ]Xn-\memw kap-mkw kXym-{]-Im-iw
ka-\zn-X-amb kp{]-am-W-bp-hpw,
kp`m-jm-hn-`q-jn-Xh
- p-amb kXymY-{]-Imiw
F Cu {Kw kqWw.
kXymY-{]-Im-i - ns
Cu ae-bmf Xa Sn-Wn--A-\p-_--
klnXw sNbvXv
lnm Zbm\{_m-al - m-hn-Zym-eb
-
- nse
{]Ya tIc-fo-b-kv\m-X-I\pw sshZn-I-bXn aWvUew
BNmcy_ncpZw
km-\n--bm-fp-amb -\-tc-{-`q-j BWv.

u u u u u u u

430