ei29r2017 Home » Revision Notes » Chemistry » Gaseous State “Revision Notes on States of Matter e ent e os et Gas Solid Distinction between three states of matter: S.No Property Solid Liquid Gas 1 Shape Definite shape Indefinite shape Indefinite shape 2 Volume Definite Definite Volume Indefinite Volume Volume 3 Inter particular Stronginter Comparatively weaker Inter Inte Forces particular particular Forces particular Forces forces are negligible 4 Inter particular Negligible inter Comparatively large inter Very Space particular particular space large inter space particular space 5 Particular Particle motion Particle motion is very slow Particle Motion Is restricted to motion is vibratory very rapid motion, and also 6 —Packingef —Particles are Particles are loosely packed Particles are Particles very Closely very loosely packed packed 7 Compressibility incompressible Compressible Highly Compressible 3 Density Very High Low Density hpiiwmw askitians.com/revision-notesichemstyigaseous-siael Very low Physical Chemisty- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | asklTians Complete JEE ‘Aivistiy — Main/Advanced Course Register and Get connected with IITian Chemistry faculty Name Email ~o1 Select Grade . » Cle ® Related Resources Got any question Ask an IITIAN Solved Examples on Gaseous State Question: 1A fixed mass of ages. Latest articles from Blog umer29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | asklians Density density Parameters of Gases ‘The characteristics of gases are described In terms of fllowing four parameters + Mass + Volume + Pressure Menu * Temperature Where n= number of moles w= mass of gas in grams M= molecular mass of the gas 2. Volume (V): Since gases occupy the entire space available to them, therefore the gas volume ‘means the volume of the container in which the gas is encloses. Units of Volume: Volume is generally expressed in litre (L), cm? & dm? ‘Am? = 108 litre = 108 dm3 = 108 em’ 3. Pressure: Pressure of the gas is due to its colisions with walls of its container ie. the force exerted by the gas per unit area on the walls of the container is equal to its pressure. F(Force) _ Mass x Accelaration A(Area) Area P(pressure) Pressure is exerted by a gas due to Kinetic energy of its molecules. ‘As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of molecules increases, which results in increase in pressure of the gas. So, pressure of any gas is directly proportional to its temperature, ely ots (a)Low pressure —_(b) High pressure Units of Pressure: ‘The pressure of a gas is expressed in atm, Pa, Nm", bar and Ib/In? (psi. 760 mm =1 at 0132.5 KP, = 101325 P, = 101325 Nev hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! How to Prepare for BITSAT In one Year? Mind Over Matter: Helpful Hacks to Improve Your Studying... Department of Textile Technology, IT Delhi Everything about B. Tech and Dual Degree (B.tech + M.tech) See More amsiasre017 Physical Chemisiy- Revision Notes on Gaseous Sats for IT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | askTians 760 mmm of Hig = 1.01325 bar = 1013.25 mill bar = 14.7 lb/2r? psi) 3. Temperature (1): ‘Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness. The SI unt of temperature is Kelvin. Cand °F are the two other units used for measuring temperature, On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C where as in the Kelvin scale water freezes at 273 K and boils at 373 K k=ec+2735 dig (9/5) 9C +32 505 varies inversely with its volume” a ; BoM PAV; = P.Va = Constant > = = AVi = PV a Graphical Representation of Boyle's Law: + Aplot of P versus 1/V at constant temperature for a fixed mass of gas would be a straight line passing through the origin + Aplot of P versus V at constant temperature for a fixed mass of a gas would be a rectangular hyperbola, pes eh sh + Aplot of P (or ¥) versus PY at constant temperature for a fixed mass of a gas is a straight line parallel to the PY axis PrsPv aca hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! amei29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | askiTians 2. Charles’ Law Charles's Law “At constont pressure, the volume of a given ‘moss of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature” Yu _v Ti or log V — logT’ = Constant > = constant Th we eS “"Gfaphical Representation of Charles's Law ‘Temperature 2. A plot of Vs ¢ (°C) at constant pressure Is a straight lin axis at 273°C cutting the temperature Temperature?) arse OC 109 200% 3. Combined Gas Law:- ‘This law states that “at constant volume, the pressure of a given mass ofa gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature” the combination of Boyle's Law and Charles’ Law: piv _ pave i 4. Gay Lussac Lave Pa¥T (at constant volume) wae P a T k ‘onstant where, P= Pressure of Gas T= Absolute Temperature Ifthe pressure and temperature of a gas changes from P, & T; to Py & Tp, volume remaining constant, we have PL_ Ps Rh = constant hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! amei29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | askiTians or logP —logT’ = constant P= Plt sts) 273.15 where, P.= Pressure of gas att °C Po = Pressure of gas at 0°C = Temperature in °C. Menu ‘Graphical Representation of Gay-Lussac’s Law A Le Temperature ink) Port 5. Avogadro Law: “Samples of ciferent gases which contain the same number of molecules (ony complexity, size, shape) occupy the same volume atthe same temperature and pressure”. 100m 1pm 100m It follows from Avogadro's hypothesis ‘an (when T and are constant). Mathematically Van >V=kn steak Constant 6. Ideal Gas Equation: Ideal gas obey all the three laws Le. Boyle's, Charles's, and Avogadro's law Ideal Gas Law _ nt of proportionality or universal gas constant ty, pv=nkt where, where Ris the const The value of R was found out to be hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! smei29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | asklTians R=8.314) mot! R= 0.0821 litre atm K"! mol! R= 2calk-" moh Ideal gas equation is also known as equation ofstate, 7. Dalton’s law of partial pressures: The total pressure of mixture of non-reactive gases at constant temperature and pressure is equalto the sum ofthe individual partial pressures of the gases. Mapu Bre 1 $P2t Pata ‘Aqueous tension Pressure exerted by saturated water vapour. Pasy gas = Prowl “Aqueous Tension Gas Eudiometry: cas ‘Absorbing Reagent used: 0, ‘Turpentine oil o, Alkaline pyrogallol No FeSO, solution 0,502 ‘kali solution (NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH), HOCH,CH.NH, etc) Nis ‘Acid solution or CuSO, solution Equation for combustion of hydrocarbons: Gill # (+ yl) Op —> xC09 +y/2 HO Kinetic molecular theory of gases: + Gases are made of large number of identical particles atoms or molecules), which are very small and perfectly hard spheres. + The actual volume of the molecules is negligible as compare to the space between them and hence they are considered as the point masses. + Interaction between the particles is negligible. + Particles of a gas are always in constant and random motion and the collision between them is perfectly elastic. + The average kinetic energy of the particles of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. + Pressure of the gas is due to the collision between gas molecules and walls of the container, hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! onei29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | asklTians The Kinetic Equation yl pV = zn PV M Velocities of gas molecules away Menu Average Velocity rare Steers ceed Vo = \ Fa = V za + Root Mean Square Veloity:- Maxwell proposed the term Urrs a5 the square root of means of square of all such velocities. nyuth U m4 Vrma = fe = uw” V oar me M M fort [SRT [aR ar Var = Mn Mas tems 2 fp var > Upp ¢ Mae 2 rms 21: 1.128 : 1.224 Kinetic Energy of Gas As per kinetic equation For 1 mole mx n= Molecular Mass (M) 222 ee 3. pv =f and =? x tat a2 x2 x KB. /mole = Sree 3 3 a 3 Also KB _3RT_3 Molecule ~ 2°N Where kis the Boltzmann constant k= R/N) Graham's Law of Diffusion/Effusion: hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! mmei29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | askiTians 1. Diffusion: abiliy of 2 gas to spread and occupy the whole avallable volume irespectve of ther gases present in the container 2. Effusion: process by which a gas escapes from one chamber ofa vessel through a sill opening or an orifice Volume Dif fused _ Time Taken rete here rf the rate of difusion and dis the density ofthe gas, Magovy,f there are two gases A and ® having r; and r) 35 tele rates of dfusion and dy and do their densities respectively. Then AA ™ ‘The rate of cltfusion (o) of a gas at constant temperature is directly preoperational tos n_Pp_ [My mn Bh VM Deviation from ideal gas behavior: For ideal gs, Compressibiliy factor ie For non-ldeal gas, 2 #1 ‘Thus for non-ideal 2a5.Z can be <1 or> 1 askllTians E\GINEERMG| MEDICAL FOUNDATION kh Bansal 000. ee 1800-2000-838 5 +91-120-4616500 Login | Register ‘The forces of attraction between gas molecules are negligible. avant so sud an®. (Pt a) Yaa) | where, a and are van der waals constants. At low pressures Pv T- aN hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! amei29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | askiTians or Iieal Meat Presse Votune pverr This accounts for the dip in PV vs P Isotherm at low pressure At fairly high blessures Sa” aN® may be neglected in comparison with P. The Vander Waals equation becomes. Pv T+ PD pv> ar This accounts for the rising parts of the PV vs P isotherm at high pressures or t Soo 109° 60" oc (aun) ———> Boyle's Temperature (T,) :-temperature at which real gas obeys the gas laws over a wide range of pressure. a/Rb=172T) Liquefaction of gases: + Critical temperature (Te temperature at which a gas lqueties. Te 83 /27RD * Critical Volume: (= volume of one mole of a gas at critical temperature.V_= 3b crtial temperature. P + Critical pressure (pe pressure of Agas ati an + Molar heat capacity of ideal gases-the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of | mole ofa gas trough 1°C, Cp-Cy=R& Poisson's ratio (y) = CaCy For monatomic gas C, = eal and C, ye53 67 For diatomic gas Cp=7 cal and C,= 5 cal yoTis=14 hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! omsiasre017 Physical Chemisiy- Revision Notes on Gaseous Sats for IT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | askTians For polyatomic gas C= 8 cal and C= cal y =8/6=1.33 Also Cy = Gm, Where, Gand G, are specific heat and m,'s molecular weight Liquid State: 1) Surface Tension (y) It is the force acting at right Memgles to the surface along one centimeter length of the The surface of the liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area for a given volume of the liquid Le. spherical shape. Surface Tension of liquid decreases with increase of temperature and becomes zero atits critical temperature, Surface Tension in everyday if: + Cleansing action of soap and detergents. + Efficacy of tooth pastes, mouth washes and nasal eles. Viscosity It is the force of friction which one part of the liquid offers to another part of the liquid Coefficient of viscosity isthe force per unit area required to maintain unit difference of velocity between two parallel layers in the liquid one unit apart, Units:¢¢8: dserr Si: Nem" Viscosity of quid decreases with increase in temperature. Complete AIPMT/AIIMS Course and Test Series OFFERED PRICE: 815,300 hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! tonei29r2017 Physical Chemisry- Revision Notes on Gaseous State for IIT JEE & Other Engineering Exams | asklTians 98 Comments Sort by | oldest Meow Be fd ‘Add a comment Kapil km ENOUGH INFORMATION IS AVAILIABLE. Like Reply: Jan 14,2015 6:580m per Like Reply: Jul23, 2018 2:9pm Kaushik Kunte very easy to lear and understand ‘Saurabh Meena » Nso hockey at IT Roorkee hard working Like - Reply: Aug 10,2016 3:495m Rahul Ray : Shersah Collage Of Engineering Sasaram this note is very easy to prepare for exam. Ike Reply: Sep 3, 2018:3:270m Jaya Rama Vardhan Guvvala * Manipal Univers wrong in temperature order inp vs v graph Like Reply 1 Apt, 2017 1:04am Radhika Thogarchedu - SRKV High School, Nandyal 's this enough for bitsat prep? Rohan Sukhoo understand some answers Like Reply: Sep 24, 2017 12:10pm About Us | Blog | Media Coverage | SchoolTieup | Franchisee | Tutorlogin | Careers | FAQ's copyright © 2006-2017 askilTians com & Conditions | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | sitemap | Terms info@oskitions.com hpsiwmw askitians.com/revision-notasichemistyigaseous-siate! wm