Jp-B\pw

B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

tUm.tamdokv _pmbv

hnh\w:
ImZIpn amtc-mSv

{]km-[\w:
Ub-temKv sk, tIcf

hnX-cWw
Ckvem-anIv ]n-jnwKv lukv
tImgn-tmSv, Xncp-h-\--]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xriq
2 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

{]kvXm-h\
{^p-Im-c\
- mb tUm. tamdokv _pmbv {]K`-\mb kP\pw t]sc-
Sp imkv{X-\pw ]n-X-\p-am-Wv. At-l-ns "ss__n,
Jp-B, imkv{Xw' F {Kw {]i-kvX-am-Wv. blq-Z--{In-kvXy
thZ--fnepw Jp-B-\nepw Atlw \S-nb Kth-jW ]T-\-ns
^e-amWv {]kvXpX {Kw. aX-n-sbpw imkv{X-n-sbpw cwKv
X\-Xmb Hcp m\- a p- v Cu {K- n- \ v .
{]i-kvX\ - mb ico-ci- m-kv{X- F \ne-v, ^tdm-hb- mb ams\-
]vb- psS an ]cn-tim-[nm sXc-s-Sp-s- -Xv tamdokv _pmbv
Bbn-cp-p. Atlw kuZn Atd_y kin--tm, ^tdm-h-bpsS
arX-tZlw hcpwXe-ap-dv Hcp ]mT-sa \ne-bn Imp-kq-n--
s-Sp-sav {]h-Nn-p Jp-B hmIy-sf Ipdnv a\-n-em-m
CS-bm-bn. {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-cp At-l-n-\v, ^tdmh tamk-ns\
]npStm apn-a-cn--Xmbn ]d-bp ss__n hnh-cWw Adn-
bp-am-bn-cp-p. tamk-ns Imes ^tdm-h-bpsS arX-tZlw Imp-
kq-n--s-Sp-w F Jp-Bs {]h-N\w ktmjw \nd AZv`p-
X-tm-sS-bmWv Atlw ]Tn--Xv. CXv Ad_n ]Tnv hnip Jp-
B Iqe--j-ambn ]Tn-p--Xn-tev At-ls \bn-p. Jp-
B\pw ss__nfpw Xmc-XaywsNbvXp ]T-\-]-cy-th-Ww\S-m
Atlw DZyp--\m-bn. imkv{X {]Xn-`m-k-sf kw_-n hnip
Jp-Bs ]cm-ai- ]qWambpw B[p-\nI imkv{X-tmSv
s]mcp--s-Sp--Xm-sWpw AtX hnjb--fn h ss__n
BJym-\- imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]qWambpw Akzo-Im-cy--fm-sWpw
Is- - m XZv ^ - e - a mbn At-l-n\v Ignp.
tUm. tamdokv _pmbv e- - \ nse tImashv Cn-yq-n
\S-nb Hcp {]`m-j-W-amWv Cu eLp {Kw. "Jp-B\pw B[p-
\nI imkv{Xhpw' F-Xm-bn-cpp hnjbw. Ckvem-ans imizX kXy-
sf kw_-n amK-Zi\w \Im CXp-]-I-cn-p-sav hniz-
kn-p-p.
{]-km-[-I
tamdokv _pmbv 3

1976 \h- 9\v {^v saUn- k n Am- U - a n- b n Akm-

[mcWamb Hcp {]`m-jWw \S-n. "Jp-B-\nse ico-c-im-kv{X-]-
chpw {`qW-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb hnh-c-' F-Xm-bn-cp-p hnjbw.
ico-c-im-kv{X-sbpw {]Xyp]m-Z-\-sbpw kw_-nv Jp-B-\n-
ep-Xpw B[p-\nI imkv{Xn\p am{Xw Is-m Ign--Xp-
amb Nne Bi-b-, Jp-B-\n-s Ime-L--nse Hcp {K-n\v
Dsm-m Ign-bp--sX-s\ F tNmZy-amWv Fs ]T-\- {i-a-
v {]tNm-Z\w \In-b-Xv.
Cu {]`m-j-W-n sshZy-imkv{X kaq-l-nse ]n-X-
cmb Hcp hn`m-K-n\v, Ahv \m-b-dn-bp Nne Imcy-sf kw_-
nv Jp-B \S-p imkv{X-kz-`m-h-ap Nne {]kvXm-h-\-I
A\m-bmkw Nqn-m-WnpsImSp-m F\np Ign-p. AXp-
t]mse ap hnj-b--fnse hnZ-Kv[v AXXp hnj-b-sf kw_-
n Jp-B-\nse kqN-\-I hni-Zo-I-cnpsImSp-m\pw Ah-k-c-
ap-m-bn. tPymXnmkv{X--m, Pp-im-kv{X--m, `qK`
imkv{X--m, `qN-cn-{X-]n-X-m XpS-n-b-h-scmw sshZy-
imkv{X ]n-X-m-sc-tmses Jp-B-\nse imkv{X ]cm-ai-
-fn AZv`pX]cX{-cm-bn. Imc-Ww, Jp-B-\nse Ccw ]cm-
ai- am\p-jn-Ia - mb hni-Zo-Ic
- W
-
- v shp-hn-fn-bm-sW \nK-
a-\-n-emWv imkv{X Ncn-{Xs kw_-n Kl-\-amb Adnhv \s
Fn-p--Xv.
Jp-B-\nse Ccw {]kvXm-h-\-I-tfmSv sshm-\n-I-ambn
XpeyX ]pem-hp hnh-c- Dsm-p a\p-jy-\nan-Xamb
Hcp {Khpw B[p-\nI Ime-L--n-\papv Dm-bn-n F-XmWv
bmYmYyw.
IqSmsX, ss__n Dsm-p kam\ hnh-c-W--fp-ambn
4 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

Xmc-Xay]T\w A`n-e-j-Wo-b-am-bn-cn-p-sapw F\np tXmn.

B[p-\nI hnm-\s Cu cp GI-ssZ-hXz aX--fpsS hnip
{K--fnse Nne kq--fp-ambn Xn-p-t\m-pI F ]-Xnv
cq]wsImSp-Xv A-s\-bm-Wv. "ss__n, Jp-B, imkv{Xw'
F ioj-I-n-ep {K-ns {]kn-o-I-c-W-am-bn-cpp ^ew.
Hm-as {^p ]Xnv 1976 sabv amk-n ]mco-kn {]kn-o-
I-cn--s-p (La Bible, La Coran La Science, Seghers, Paris). Cwojv Ad_n
]Xn-p-Ifpw ]pdphn-p-v. (a-e-bmf hnh-\hpw e`y-am-Wv.
hnh:)
imkv{X-sbpw aX-sbpw Cc--s] ktlm-Z-cn-am-cm-bn-mWv
Ckvemw ]cn-K-Wn-p--sX Imcy-n AZv`p-X-an-. imkv{Xw C{X-
tbsd al-mb ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn tijhpw Ah ]c-kv]cw
_-spXs \op-p. Nne Jp-B-\nI ]cm-ai-sf IqSp-
X \mbn a\-n-em-m imkv{X-ns ]pXnb Ip-]n-Sn--
{]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-o-cp-p-s--XmWv hkvXp-X. A[n-I-am-
fp-Isf kw_-n-n-S-tm-fhpw imkv{Xob Is--ep-I aX-hn-
izm-k - n\v amc-Ia
- mb {]l-ct- a]n-n-cn-p Cu \qm-n, Ckvem-
an-Im-[ym-]-\-sf hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXm, imkv{X-
ns Nne Ip-]n-Sn---fmWv Znhy-t_m-[-\-ns Aeu-InI
kz`mhw shfn-hm-m klm-bn-p--sXv ImWmw.
Npcp-n--d-m, P\--fpsS s]mXp[mc-Wv hncp--ambn
imkv{X-hn-m\w, ssZhm-kvXnXzw t_m[y-s-Sp-m hf-sc-tbsd
klm-b-I-am-sW--XmWv hkvXp-X.
\njv]--ambn, ap[m-c-W-I-fn\nv hnap--ambn, B[p-\nI-
hnm\w kw`m-h\ sNbvX XmznI]mTsf kw_-nv \mw
\-tmSpXs tNmZywsNm Bcw-`n-p-I-bm-sW-n Cu amK-
n Nnn-m-\p [mcmfw Imcy- Ispw. Pohs DZv`-h-
sbpw \ne-\n]n-s\bpw \nb-{n-p kwhn-[m-\-s-p-dnp
Nnn-p-tm AXv tIhew bmZr-n-I-X-bpsS ^e-am-Im-\p km[y-
X Ipdp Ipdp hcp--Xmbn \apv t_m[y-s-Spw. \psS hn-
m-\hpw ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw Gdp--tXmsS CXv IqSp-X A\p-`-h-th-
Zy-am-bn-sm-n-cn-m-\mWv km[y-X. \ne-hn-ep Nne k]-
IqSp-X Akzo-Im-cy--fm-bn-o-cp-I-bpw sNp--Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-
n\v, sshZy-im-kv{X-n t\m_ km\w t\Snb Hcp {^p-
im-kv{X-, Poh-\p hkvXp--sfmw kzbw krjvS-am-b-Xm-
tamdokv _pmbv 5

sW knmw Dbn-p. Ah-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a-n\v Nne cmk-L-

S-I- klm-bn-n-p-sv am{Xw. As\ Poh-Pm-e- DZv`-
hn-p. AXv a\p-jys DZv`-h-n-tepw \bn-p. Fs kw_-n-
n-S-tmfw, henb Pohn-I-fpsS AZv`p-X-I-c-amb koW-X-Isf
a\-n-em-n-imkv{X]ptcm-KXn Cu hmZ-n\v FXn-cmb sXfn-
hp-I-fmWv aptmp shp--Xv. ap hmp-I-fn ]d-m, Akm-
[m-c-W-amb Hcp {Iao-I-cWkwhn-[m-\-ns kmn[yw Poh-s\
ka-ky-bpsS kwhn-[m-\-n\v ImanIXzw hln-p Hcp AkvXn-
Xz-ap-s hmZ-n\v A\p-Iq-e-amb sXfnhv \Ip-p.
Jp-B At\Iw e--fn efn-X-amb hmp-I-fn Cu
hkvXpX hy-am-p-p. B[p-\nI imkv{Xw Is-nb hkvXp-X-
I-fp-ambn s]mcp--s-Sp At\Iw kqN-\-Ifpw Jp-B-\n-ep-v.
\ho\ imkv{X--msc Jp-B Hcp Imw-t]mse BIjn-p-
-Xn-\p Imc-Whpw AXm-Wv. Ipdp \qm-p-I-fmbn Jp-B-\nI
]cm-ai--fpsS bYmY k a\-n-em-m a\p-jy-\v Ign-n-cp-
n-. AXv a\-n-em-m-\p imkv{Xob amK- e`y-am-bn-cp-n-
F-Xp-sIm-p-Xs B[p-\nI Imev am{X-amWv Jp-B ]cm-
ain-p Hp-h-fsc {]Ir-Xn-X-z- a\-n-em-m a\p-jy Ign-
hmPn-n-cn-p--Xv. Ccp-]Xmw \qm-n \nc-cw s]cp-In-sm-n-
cn-p sshm-\nI imJ-I-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-aq-ew, km[m-cW
imkv{X-\v {]tXyI Kth-j-W-]-T-\- sIm-msX Jp-B
]qW-ambn a\-n-em-m km[y-a-s-p-hsc ]d-bm Ignbpw.
JpB hN-\--sfmw icn-bmbn a\-n-em-p--Xn-\v Hcp hniz-hn-
m\tIminse Adn-hv apgp-h Bh-iyamsW-XmWv ]c-
amYw. AXm-bXv At\Iw sshm-\nI imJ-I-fn hyp]n
t\Sn-bn-cn--W-sap kmcw.
"kbkv'(imkv{Xw) F ]Zw Rm D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv kpm-
]n-X-amb hnm\w F AY-n-em-Wv. Nne {]Xn-`m-k-sf Nne
{]tXyI k`--fn hni-Zo-I-cn-m D]-bp--am-tb-m-hp Xnb-
dn-I- Cu KW-n s]Sp-n-. imkv{X ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ^e-ambn
]pXnb hymJym-\- Dcp-n-cnp hcp-tm, Cu Xnb-dn-I-fn
]eXpw Dt]-n-tn htmw. ASn-m-\-]-c-ambn, Jp-B-\n-
ep Bi-b-sf Xncp-tem IqSp-X N-Itfm Bh-iy-an-m-
-hn[w kpm-]n-X-amb hnm-\--fp-ambn Xpe\w sNm-\mWv
Rm Dt-in-p-Xv. \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw Jn-X-ambn kpm-]n-X-am-
6 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

hm hkvXp-X-I {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-t-Sv Rm AXv hy-am-p-

Ibpw sNp--XmWv.
B[p-\nIimkv{Xw C\nbpw nco-I-cn-n-n-m Nne ]cm-
ai-pw Jp-B-\n DZm-l-c-W--fp-v. e`y-amb sXfn-hp-I
Ah-bpsS km[y-X-bn-tep am{Xw \bn-p--h-bm-sWpw Rm
hy-am-p--XmWv. Poh Pe-n\nv DZv`-hn--Xm-sW Jp-
Bs {]kvXm-h\ DZm-l-c-Ww. asm-v, {]]--n \p-tS-Xp-t]m-
ep `qan-I \ne-hn-epv F kqN\.
imkv{Xs ASn-m-\-am-n-bp Ccw hne-bn-cp--ep-I,
Jp-B ]qW-ambpw Hcp aX-{K--am-sWpw imkv{X-{K--a-s-
p-ap hkvXpX hnkva-cn-m \s t{]cn-n--cp-Xv. krjvSn-ns
{]h-\--sf-p-dnpw H-t\Iw {]m]-nI {]Xn-`m-k--sf-p-
dnpw Nnn-m Jp-B a\p-jys\ Wn-p-tm AXns Dt-
iyw, ssZh-ns AP-i -
- nsb Dun-d
- b
- pI am{X-am-Wv. Cu {]Xn-
]m-Z-\-n-S-bn imkv{X-hn-m-\-hp-ambn _-s hkvXp-X-
I-fpsS Ahy kqN-\-I e`n-pp FXv ssZh-ns asmcp
A\p-{Klw am{X-am-Wv. imkv{Xs ASn--d-bmn `uXnI \mkvXn-
IX ssZh-hn-izm-ks ]pdwXn B[n-]Xyw Dd-n-m {ian-p
Hcp Ime-L--n B kqN\-I-fpsS aqeyw A]m-c-amWv.
Fs Kth-jWw XnIpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn-cn-m Rm \nc-
cw {ian-n-p-v. Hcp tUmIvS tcmKn-bpsS ^b t\mp-{X
hkvXp-\n-jvTX
- t- bmsS Jp-B]T-\s kao-]n-p-X - n RmhnP-
bn-n-pv Fm-sWs hnizm-kw. ap hmp-I-fn ]d-m apgp-
h tcmK-e--W-fpw {im-]qhw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv tUmIvS
tcmK-\nW-b-n Fn-t-cp-Xpt]mep hkvXp-\n-jvTX. Xo-
bmbpw JpB-\n-ep hnizm-k-a-, {]XypX kXym-t\z-j-W-]-c-amb
Kth-jW Xm]cyw am{X-amWv {]mcw-`-n Fs ]mZ-sf \bn-
n-cp--sX hkvXpX ChnsS hy-am-t--Xp-v. Fs ]T-\-
]qn-bm-b-tm, Jp-B Hcp {]hm-N-I\v Ah-XoW-amb {K-
am-sW hkvXp-X-bn-te-m-Wv AXv Fs \bn-Xv.
imkv{XkXy--fpsS AwKo-IrX tcJ-I-fmbn Cpw IW-m-
m Ign-bp, Jp-Bs {]kvXm-h-\-Isf (apIm-e--fn-se Bfp-
Iv Ah-bpsS hmYw am{Xta a\-n-em-m Ign-n-cp-p-
q) \app ]cn-tim-[n-mw. Fs-nepw am-n-cp--ep-Iv Ah
hnt[-b-am-bn-cp--Xmbn Duln-m t]mepw km[y-a-. Imc-Ww,
tamdokv _pmbv 7

CuZri {]kvXm-h-\-I Jp-Bs aqe-n-ep-S-\ofw Nnn-n-X-dn-n-

S-p-I-bm-Wv. am\p-jnI It--v AXo-X-ambn Ah Fs\
\ne-\npp Fp in-p--h-cp-m-hmw. aqe-n hcp AXn-
\n-m-camb am-n-cp--ep-I t]mepw Cu {K-ns {]tXyI
khn-ti-j-X-bmb GIXm-\-X(Coherence)sb \in-n-p-Ibpw B[p\nI
imkv{Xob hnm-\-hp-ambn InS-\nm-\p Ignhv Cm-Xm-p-
Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cp-p. DS-\ofw ImWp Cu {]kvXm-h-\-IfpsS
kmn[yw Hcp \njv] \nco--I\v Ah-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-IX hy-
am-n-sm-Sp-p--Xm-Wv.
GXmv Ccp-]X - n-tesd hj-f - n-eqsS a\p-jy\v t_m[\w \I-
s {]`m-jW kam-lm-c-amWv Jp-B. lnPvd-bpsS appw ]np-
ap cp Ime-L---fn-embn XpeyssZLy-n AXv hn`-Pn--
s-n-cn-pp. Xaqew ]cm-ai- NnX-dn-n-S-p--Xn\v Hcp
imkv{Xob hi-ap-m-hpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. \mw \S-n-b-Xp-t]m-ep
Hcp ]T-\-n, \apv Ahsb hnj-bm-Sn-m-\-n A[ym-b--
fn\nmbn tiJ-cn-t-n-bn-cn-p-p.
F-s\-bmWv Ahsb Xcw-Xn-cn-pI? GsX-nepw {]tXyI
XcwXn-cn-hns\ \ntZ-in-p Fs-nepw ]cm-a--i- Jp-B-\n
F\np Is-m Ign-n-n-. AXp-sImv hyn-]-c-ambn Rm
Ah-ew-_n Hcp Xcw-Xn-cn-hns ASn-m-\-n Ahsb Ah-X-cn-
n-m Rm Xocp-am-\n-p.
XZ-h-k-c-n, BZy-ambn ssIImcyw sN-s-tS-Xv krjvSn-
ns\ kw_-n ]cm-ai--fm-sWv F\nv tXmp-p. Cu hnj-
b-hp-ambn _-s kq-sf {]]--ns DZv`-h-s-p-dnv
Cv \ne-hn-ep Bi-b--fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNm Ign-bp--Xm-
Wv. ASp-Xmbn Rm kq-sf Xmsg ]d-bp s]mXp ioj-
I--fn-embn hn`-P-nn-cn-p-p: tPymXn-m-kv{Xw, `qan, Pp, kky-
Pm-e-, a\p-jy, a\p-jys {]Xyp]m-Z\w (Cu hnj-b-n\v
Jp-B hf-sc-tbsd {]m[m\yw \In-bn-p-v). s]mXp-hmb Cu
ioj-I--tfm-sSmw D]-ioj-I-fpw tNpI km[y-am-Wv. CXp-
Iq-SmsX Jp-B-sbpw ss__n-fn-sbpw ]cm-ai- B[p-\nI
hnm-\-ns shfn--n Xmc-Xayw sNp-Xpw {]tbm-P-\-{]-
Z-am-sWv Rm Icp-Xp-p. krjvSn, {]f-bw, ]em-b\w XpS-nb
hnj-b--fn Rm CXp sNbvXn-p-v.
8 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

{]]--krjvSn
krjvSn-n-s\-p-dnv Jp-B Fp ]d-bpp Fp ]cn-tim-
[n-mw.
hf-sc-tbsd {]m[m-\y-aln-p Hcp s]mXp-Xzw ChnsS
{]k-am-Wv. Cu hnj-b-I-ambn h ss__n hN-\--fp-am-bp
hyXym-k-am-W-Xv. cp {K-p-an-S-p kmayX ASn-h-c-bnp
ImWn-m am{Xw ]mmXy {K-Im-c-m ]e-tmgpw sXmbn
hcp kam-c tcJ-Isf \ntj-[n-p--XmWv Cu Xzw. krjvSn-
n-s\-p-dnpw CXc hnj-b--sf-p-dnpw kwkm-cn-p-tm, apl-
Zv ss__n hnh-c-W- ]In-b-Xm-sWv Ah-Im-i-s-Sp
i-amb {]h-WX ]Sn-mdv \ne-hn-ep-v. ss__n-fnse, "Bdp Znh-
k--fn-embn krjvSn \Sn Ggmw Znhkw ssZhw hn{i-a-sa-Spp'
F {]kvXm-h\ Jp-B kq-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp-t\m-
pI!
""\n-fpsS \mY Amlp BIm-i-fpw `qanbpw Bdp Znh-k-
-fn-embn krjvSn-p.''(7:54)
Cu kq-n\v B[p-\nI hymJym-Xm- \Ip hymJym-
\-{]-Imcw "Amw' (Znh-k-) Fm \o Ime-L--, As-
n bpK- BWv; km[m-cW Ccp-]-n-\mep aWn-q Zn\--f-
. Cu hnj-b-I-am-bn, ASn-m\ {]m[m-\y-aln-p hkvXp-X-bmbn
F\np Nqn-m-Wn-m-\p-Xv asm-m-Wv. ss__n {]kvXm-h-
\-v hncp--ambn Jp-B, `qan-bp-sSbpw BIm-i--fp-sSbpw krjvSn-
n\v, Hn\v tijw Hv F Hcp {Iaw FSp-p-]-d-bp-n F-
Xm-WX - v. krjvSn-n-s\-p-dnp hnh-cn-p-tm, `qanp apmbn BIm-
i--sfbpw adnpw {]kvXm-hn-p-p-v.
""`qanbpw DX BIm-i-fpw krjvSn--h-\m-W-h.'' (20:4)
bYmY-n `qan-bp-sSbpw BIm-i--fp-sSbpw ]cn-Wm-a-
kam- \ - I m- e - - f n kw`- h np FmWv Jp- B ]cm- a i- -
fn\npw a\-n-em-m Ign-bp-I. BIm-i-`q-an-I samw hmX-
Im-h--bn nXnsNbvX-ncp-Xmbpw Ah ]c-kv]cw Hn-tn-
cp--Xmbpw(d-XvJ) ]noSv ths-Sp--s--Xmbpw kqN-\-bpv:
""BImiw ]pI-bm-bn-cp--tm Amlp BIm-i-tp Xncn-
p.''(41:11)
""BIm-i-`q-an-I Hn-n-Snv Hp-tN-Xm-bn-cp-p. \mw Ahsb
tamdokv _pmbv 9

ths-Sp-n-bXv Ahn-izm-kn-I a\-n-em-p-nt?''(21:30)

hn`n temI- ths-Sp-n-b-Xns\ kw_-nv Jp-B-\n
Hcp Uk-\n-tesd e--fn {]kvXm-h-\-bp-v. "A^mXn-l'
A[ym-b-n Hm-as kqw C{]-Im-c-amWv:
""temI--fpsS \mY-\mb Am-lp-hn\v kh kvXpXnbpw.''
Cu {]kvXm-h-\-I-sfmw B[p-\nI imkv{X-ns Bi-b--fp-
ambn s]mcp--s--h-bm-Wv. {]Ya L-n s\_p-e, ]noSv hnL-
S-\-ns {]mcw-`-ambn {]tXy-I-amb ]nw, Ah-bpsS hn`-P-\-^-e-
ambn Kme-Ivkn-Ifpw Ah-bn \nv \-{X-fpw, \-{X--fn
\nv {Kl-fpw cq]w ]qp Fm-Wtm B[p-\nI hn`m-h-\w.
BIm-i-pw `qan-p-an-S-bn-ep Hcp CS-\ne (Intermediary)
sbp-dnp ]cm-ai-apv:
""BIm- i - ` q- a n- I - s fbpw Ahn- S - b n- e p- - X n- s \bpw krjv S n
Amlp GI-\m-Wv.''(25:59)
hyh-m]n-X-amb tPymXna-e-n-S-bn khn-ti-j-amb
]ZmY-k--b-ns CS-\n-e- (Bridges) D-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-p
B[p-\nI Ip-]n-Sn---tfmSv tbmPn-pXmWv Cu {]kvXmh-\.
Jp-B-\n-ep hnh-c-fpw {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw B[p-\nI hnm-
\-tmSv Htsd Imcy--fn tbmPn-p--Xmbn Cu ]T-\- hy-
am-p-p. ss__n {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn\npw \mw Htsd Zqcw aptm-
p-t]m-p-I-gn-p. ss__n, krjvSnv Hn-\p- ]n-dsI Hmbn \S-
-Xmbn hnh-cn-p-p. BIm-i--fpsS krjvSn-n\v (4-mw Znh-kw)
apmbn `qan (3mw Znh-kw) krjvSn--s-p. `qan AXns \-{X-
amb kqcy-\n\npw DZv`-hn--Xm-sW hkvXpX Cv Adn-b-sp
Ign-n-cn-p-p. hkvXpX CXm-bn-cns Jp-B Bi-b-
ss__n-fn\nv ]In-b-Xm-sWv Fs\ ]d-bm Ignbpw?
{]]--ns DZv`hw kw_-nv ss__n hnh-cWw Xncp-n,
X\np tijw \qm-p-I Ignp am{Xw a\p-jy Is-m-\n-
c-np hkvXp-XI - apl-Zv\_n Jp-B\ - n Fgp-Xn-tp Fp
Nnn-m Ign-bptam?
tPymXnmkv{Xw: {]Im-ihpw Ne-\hpw
C\n \apv tPymXnm-kv{X-n-tev Xncn-bmw. tPymXnm-kv{X-
]-c-ambn Jp-B-\n-ep hnh-c- Rm ]mm-Xyv hnh-cn-
psIm-Sp-p-tm-sgmw, Ad-_n-I bqtdm-]y-mp app-Xs
10 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

kp{]-[m\ tPymXnmkv{X Ip-]n-Sn-- \S-n-b-h-cm-b-Xp-

sImv Cu Imcy-n AZv`p-X-an Fp ]d-bpI km[m-c-W-am-Wv.
bYmY-n Ncn-{Xs kw_-n A-X-bn\n-p-S-se-Sp
Hcp Bibw am{X- a m- W n- X v . Hm- a - X mbn Atd- _ y \mSpI- f n
imkv{Xw hnImkw {]m]n-Xv Jp-B-\nI hn-h-n\p tijw am{X-
am-bn-cp-p. c-ma-Xmbn Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS AXyp--Xm-h-
-bn BPn-X-ambn-cp imkv{X-hn-m\w, {]]-s kw_-
n Jp-B {]kvXm-h-\-I-tfmSv InS]n-Sn-p Bi-b- D-
bn-m am{Xw hf {]m]n-Xm-bn-cp-n-.
hnjbw hfsc hnim-e-am-Wv. Hcp kwn]vX hnh-cWw am{Xta
km[yam-hq. kqcy\pw N{\pw BIm-i-n\npw `n-ambn {]Im-
in-p cp tKmf--fmbn ss__n hnh-cn-p-tm-, JpB
Ahsb `n-ambn ImWp-Ibpw hyXykvX hnti-j-W- \Ip-
Ibpw sNp-p. N{s\ {]Imiw (\q) Fpw kqcys\ hnfv
(kn-dm-Pv) Fp-amWv hntijn-n-p-Xv. BZy-tXv {]Im-is
{]Xn-^-en-n-pIam{Xw sNp-tm cm-a-tXv \nccamb Pze-
\-n-eqsS NqSpw shfn-hpw D]m-Zn-n-p-sIm-t-bn-cnpp. \-
{X-sbpw {]tXy-I-amb hnti-j-W-ap-]-tbm-Kn-mWv hnh-cn-p--Xv.
A-Im-c-n kzbw Pzenv \in-p AkvXnXzw, "YmJn_v' F
]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-p. "IuI_v' F ]Zw, {]Imiw D]m-Zn-n-
m, {]Im-is {]Xn-^-en-n-pI am{Xw sNp tKmf-sf
({K-l--sf) kqNn-n-p-p.
BIjW in-sImv \nWnX km-c-]Yfn _n-
X-ambn BIm-i-tKm-f- Nen-pp F Imcyw Cp ]cs Adn-
b-s-Sp--Xm-Wv. A-A-n-bmAv A[ym-b-n Jp-B DZvtLm-
jn-Xv CXp-Xs - -bm-Wv: ""cm{Xn-sbbpw ]I-en-s\-bpw kqcy-s\bpw N{-
s\bpw krjvSn--h! Fmw Hmtcm ]Y--fn Nen-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-
pp''(21:33). Nen-pp F AY-n D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p
Ad_n]Zw "k_l' Fm-Wv. Nen-p GsXmcp hkvXp-hn-sbpw
Ne-\s kqNn-n-m Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-p-p. HmSp Hcm-fpsS
]mZ--fpsS Ne-\-am-I-s, sh-n \op-tm-gp Ne-\-am-hs
Fmw Cu ]Zw sImv hyh-l-cn-m-dp-v. BIm-i-tKm-f--fpsS Imcy-
n "kzw N\ewsImv kzbw k-cn-p' F ]cn-`m-j-bm-
bn-cnpw aqe-tmSv \oXn sNp--Xv.
cmhpw ]Iepw XpS-bmbn kw`-hn-p-Xv B[p-\nI kmtXnI
tamdokv _pmbv 11

ssien-bn Jp-B hnh-cn-p-Xp hf-sc-tbsd {]m[m-\y-aln-p-

-Xm-Wv. Ap-a A[ym-b-nse kqw An "Id' F
{Inbm-]-Z-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--Xv. ]I cm{Xnsb Npp-p, intcm-
hkv{Xw Npp--Xp-t]m-se. CXp hf-sc-tbsd {]k-amb D]-a-bm-
Wv. Jp-B Ah-Xc - n-p Imev CXp-kw-_ - n tPymXnmkv{X
cl-ky- Adn-b-s-n-cp-n-. BIm-i--fpsS ]cn-Wm-a--sf-p-
dnpw kqcys \nWnX m\-s-p-dnpw Jp-B-\n ]cm-ai-
ap-v. B[p-\nI hnm-\-ns hni-Zmw-i--fn t]mepw tbmPn-
p hn[w {]]--ns hnIm-k-s-p-dnpw Jp-B {]Xn-]m-
Zn-p-p-v. a\p-jy iq\ym-Im-is Iog-S-p--Xn-s\-p-dn-p
kqN-\bpw Jp-B-\n ImWmw. imkv{X-km-t-XnI cwK--fnse
AZv`p-X-I-c-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ^e-ambn N{-\n Imep-Ip-m
a\p-jy\p Ign-p. Xmsg sImSp-n-p kqw hmbn-p-tm
Cu Imcyw a\-n-ep-Zn-m-Xn-cn-n-:
""Pnp-I-fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw hK-ta, BImi a-e--fn-
tev \pg-p-I-b-dm \nv Ign-bp-sa-n \pgpIb-dp-I.
\psS A[nImcw IqSmsX \nsm-cn-epw \pgpIb-dm
km[y-a-.''(55:33)
kh-i--\mb Am-lp-hn\n-mWv Cu A[n-Imcw hcp--Xv.
Cu A[ym-bnse apgp-h {]Xn-]m-Z\ - hpw Amlp a\p-jy\v sNbvX
A\p-{K-l- AwKo-I-cn-m-\p Blzm-\-am-Wv.
`qan
\apv `qanbn-tev aS-n-h-cmw. DZm-l-c-W-n\v Cu kqw
]cn-tim-[n-pI:
""Amlp BIm-i-p-\nv shw Cdn `qan-bn Dd-h-I-
fm-nbXv \o ImWp-nt? ]no-S-Xp-aqew hb-ep-I-fn hyXykvX
hW- hf-cm Imc-W-amn.''(39:21)
Cv Cmcyw km[m-c-W-amb Hmbn \app tXmmw.
]t, hf-sc-mew apv AXm-bn-cp-n Ah-. 16mw \qm-n
_WmUv ]menn (Bernad Palissy) {]Ir-Xn-bnse Pe ]cn-hr-n-sb-
p-dnv AwKo-Ir-X-amb hnh-c-W- \Ip-Xphsc AXp kw_-
n P\--fpsS [m-cW ]e-Xm-bn-cp-p. kap-{Z-nse Pew Imns
in-sImv `qan-bpsS B-cn-I-X-e--fn-tev ASn-p-I-bdn Dd-h-
I cq]w {]m]n-pp Fm-bn-cpp Hcp k]w. B shw
12 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

hopw kap-{Z-n-tev Acp-hn-I-fmbn Hgp-Ip-p. mtm-bpsS Imew

apX "SmS-dkv' (Tartaruss) FmWv Cu Pe{]-hm-l-sf hnfn-n-cp-
-Xv. 17mw \qm-n Pohn-n-cp sZm-sb-tm-ep DX
]n-X-m hsc Cu Xnb-dn-bn hniz-kn-n-cp-p. 19-mw \qm-n
t]mepw Acn-tm-n Xnb-dn-sb-p-dn kwkm-c-ap-m-bn-cp-p. XWp-
]hX Klz-c--fn shw Ddp henb `qK`-X-Sm-I-
Dm-hp-Ibpw Ah-bn\nv `qan-bnse Dd-h-Iv Pew e`n-p-Ibpw
sNpp F-XmWv Acn-tm-n Xnb-dn. ag hjnv `qan-bn-tev
In\n-n-d-p sh-amWv Dd-h-Iv Pew \Ip--sXv Cv
\ap--dnbmw. Cu hnj-b-I-ambn Jp-B-\n h kq--fn-ep
At\Iw kqN-\-Isf B[p-\nI sslt{Um-f-Pn-bpsS Xz--fp-ambn
Xpe\wsNbvXp t\mp-I-bm-sW-n Ahn-S-bn-ep AZv`p-X-I-c-
amb tXmXn-ep kmayX {in--s-Sm-Xn-cn-m Ign-bn-.
`qK`-im-kv{X -(Geology)n ASp--Im-e-mbn e`y-amb Hcp
Adn-hmWv, ae-I cq]w {]m]n-Xv `qa-S-p-I-fn\nm-sW-v. Dd
]pdw-tXm-Sp-t]mse \app Pohn-m ]mI-n cq]-s D]-cn-Xew,
NqSp-]n-Sn-Xpw Hcp Xc-n-ep Poh-s\bpw s]mdp-n-m--Xp-amb
B-cn-I-X-ew, CsX-p-dn-smw hni-Z-am-bn-s Cv Adn-b-s-
n-p-v. ]h-X--fpsS kpn-cX `qa-S-p-Ifp (Foldings)-ambn _-
s-n-cn-pp Fpw Is-n-bn-p-v. ]h-X-v AkvXn-hm-c-
ambn hn-p-Xpw Cu `qa-S - p-If - m-Wv. B[p-\n-Ia
- mb Cu hnm-
\-sf Xmsg sImSp-n-p kq--fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp-
t\m-p-I:
""`qansb \mw hnim-e-am-n-bnt? ]h-X-sf BWn-I-fm-n-
bnt?''(78:6,7)
"HumZv' (B-Wn-I) Fm IqSmcw Dd-n-p-Xn\p thn
`qan-bn Bgvp, Iq ap\-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb XqWp-I-fm-Wv. ]h-
X-v Dd-p-\Im `qK`-n hn-p `qa-S-p-Iv
Ghpw tbmPn {]tbmKw!
Fm as-n-s\-mfpw Poh-Pm-e-sf kw_-n ]cm-
ai--fmWv Fs Gsd AZv`p-X-s-Sp-p--Xv. Pp-Pm-e--sf-
p-dnpw kky-Pm-e--sf-p-dnpw {]Xyp]m-Z-\-s-p-dnpap
khn-tij ]cm-ai-. ChnsS Rm hopw Hcp bmYmYyw Dun-
- d - b p- p. AXm- b Xv imkv { X- ] p- t cm- K Xn ]e kq- - f p- s Sbpw
DSw IqSp-X \mbn {Kln-m \s {]m]vX-cm-n-bn-pv.
tamdokv _pmbv 13

tIp am{X-bn Imcyw {Kln-m Ign-bp Nne kq--fp-

v. ]t, hf-sc-tbsd {]m[m-\y-aln-p Poh-im-kv{X-X-z-
Ah-bn Hfn-n-cn-p-p-m-hpw. Xmsg sImSp-p hN-\s - a-Sp-pI:
""`qanbpw BIm-ihpw ]c-kv]cw Hn-n-Sn--Xm-bn-cpp Fv Ahn-
izm-kn-I a\-n-em-p-nt? ]noSv \mw Ahsb ths-Sp-n.
Poh-\p apgp-h hkvXp--sfbpw \mw sh-n\np krjvSn-
n-cn-p-p.'' (21:30)
Pohs DZv`hw sh-n\n-m-sW B[p-\nI Bibw
hy-am-p-I-bm-Wn-hnsS.
kky--fn B-s] hn`m-K--fp-sv a\-n-em-m
am{Xw apl--Zv \_n-bpsS Imev kky-imkv{Xw ]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-
n-cp-n-. Cu hN\w {in-pI:
""BImip-\np \mw Pew Cd-n. As\ \mw CW-I-fmbn
kky-sf krjvSn-p. Hmtcmpw ]c-kv]cw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.''(20:53)
]g-hK-f - n enwK-hy-Xym-ka
- p-sv Cp \ap-d - n-bmw. ({]Xyp-
]m-Z-\--a-am-Im ]q-fn \np-Zv`-hn-p Cu-gwt]mep
^e-fn t]mepw AXp-v.)
""Fm ^e-hK--fn-epw Amlp CW-Isf Hcp-n-bn-cn-p-
p.''(13:3)
Pp--fpsS {]Xyp]m-Z-\-s-p-dn ]cm-aiw a\p-jys
{]Xyp]m-Z-\-hp-ambn _-s-Spn hnh-cn-p-p. \app ]cn-tim-
[nmw.
icocimkv{X kw_--am-bn, hf-sc-tbsd {]k--ambn F\np
tXmnb Hcp kq-ap-v. a\p-jyi-co-c-nse c-Nw-{I-a-Ws-
pdnp a\-n-em-p--Xn\v Bbncw hjw apv, IpS-en \S-p
]N-\-{In-b-bn-eqsS hen-s-Sp--s-Sp t]mj-I--fmWv ico-cm-h-b-
h-v e`n-p--sXv a\-n-em--s-Sp--Xn\v 13 \qm-p-Ip
apv, Jp-B Pp-i-co-c-n ]m cq]-s-Sp--Xns kz`mhw
B[p-\nI hnm-\-v tbmPn--hn[w hnh-cn-n-cn-p-p!
{]kvXpX kqw icn-bmbn a\-n-em-m, IpS-en \S-p
cmk-{]-h-\-sfp-dnp \mw a\-n-em-t--Xp-v. IpS-en
shv `-W-n\npw thXn-cn--s-Sp t]mj-I-L-S-I-
koW-amb Hcp {]{In-b-bn-eqsS c-{]-hm-l-n tNcp-p. AXv
Nne-tm Ic hgn-bm-bn-cnpw. Cu {]{Inb Ah-bpsS cmk-kz-`m-
14 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

h-a-\p-k-cn-mWv kw`-hn-p--Xv. cw Cu LS-I-sf ico-c-nse

hnhn[ Ah-bh - - f
- n-tev Fn-p-p. amXm-hns ico-c
- n ]m
D]m-Zn-n-p {Kn-I-fn-tepw As\ t]mj-I--sf-n-p-p.
hni-Zmw-i- f - n-tep IS-m-sX-s ]d-bs: IpS-en\np Nne
LS-I-, IpSNa--fnse Ad-I-fnXs Fn-t-cp-p-v.
cw-hg- n-bmWv CXv Fn-t-cp-X - v. Alv A[ym-b - nse 66mw
kqw ]qW-ambn a\-n-em-m ta]-d hnh-c- klm-bn-
pw.
""Xo-bmbpw Ip-Im-en-I-fn \nv ]mT-apv. Ah-bn
\npw \nv IpSn-m-\p ]m\obw \mw \Ip-p. IpS
]ZmY-f - p-sSbpw c-n-sbpw CS-bn\np hcp iphpw cpNn-
I-c-hp-amb ]m BW-Xv.''(A-lv:66)
a\p-jys krjvSnv
a\p-jys {]Xyp]m-Z\w F hnjbw ssIImcyw sNp
Htsd kq- Jp-B-\n-epv. Cu kq- Hcp {`qW-im-
kv{X-\v shp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. Pp-imkv{Xw kw_-n hnh-c-
{]Zm\w sNbvX ASn-m\ imkv{X-hn-m-\-ns P\-\-n-\p-
tijw, hnti-jnv, ssat{Im-kvtIm-]ns Ip-]n-Sn--n-\p tijw
am{X-amWv B {]kvXm-h-\-I bYm-hn[n a\-n-em-m \apv Ign-
-Xv. 7mw \qm-ns BZy ]Ip-Xn-bn Pohn Hcmv Cu Bi-
b- Dm-hpI Akm-[y-am-Wv. a[y]uckvXytZis Ad-_n-I,
bqtdm-ntem an-S--fntem Pohn-n-cp--h-tc-m Cu hnj-b-n
Fs-nepw IqSp-X Adn-bp--h-cm-bn-cpp Fp-Xn\v Hcp kqN-
\bpw e`y-a-. Cm-ev Jp-B-\nepw {]Ir-Xn-im-kv{X--fnepw
AKm[]cn-m\w t\Sn-b-tijw, a\p-jys {]Xyp]m-Z-\s
kw_-n Jp-Bs ]cm-ai--sfbpw imkv{X-hn-m-\-sbpw
hy-ambn _n-n-m apkvenw-Iv Ign-bp-p-v. {]Xyp]m-
Z-\s kw_-np kaY-ambn adp-]Sn ]d kpDuZn Atd-_y-
bnse Hcp ]Xn-s\v hb-p-Im-cs\ Rm Hmp-p. Abm ]dp:
""Cu {Kw hnj-bs - -p-dn-p Fm hnh-c - f
- pw \Ip-p. Rm
kvIqfn ]Tn-p-tm inip-P\-\-s-p-dnpw apw Jp-B ]mT-
-fn-eqsS Xs F\nv hnh-cnpXcp-am-bn-cp-p. ssewKnI hnZym-
`ym-ks kw_-n \n-fpsS ]pkvX-I- sshIn-bm-Wtm
cwK-s-p-Xv?''
tamdokv _pmbv 15

Jp-Bs Ah-X-c-W-Im-ev kaq-l-n \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-

cp A-hn-izm-k-fpw sIp-I-Y-Ifpw, Jp-B Dsm-p
B[p-\nI imkv{Xob kXy-fpw Xmc-XaywsNp-tm A_ [mc-
W-Ifn-sem-p-t]mepw Jp-B-\n IS-p-Iq-Sn-bn-n-sv AZv`p-Xm-Z-c-
-tfmsS \mw a\-n-em-p-p. -Xmsg ]d-bp kq-sf \apv
{]tXy-I-sa-Spv ]cn-tim-[n-mw. {]Xyp-]mZ\ _oP-s-p-dn-p
kqva-amb hnh-c-, _oP-ns koWX, D]m-Z-\-n\v
hfsc sNdnb Hcwiw aXn-sb hkvXp-X, AXm-bXv _oP-ns
kv--A-d-_n-bn "kpeme'Xp-S-n-b-h. kv{XobpsS D]m-Z-\m-h-
b-h-n Aw \nt-]n--s-Sp--Xn-s\-p-dnv At\Iw kq-
-fn "AeJv' F ]Z-ap-]-tbm-Knv IrXy-ambn hnh-cn-n-cn-p-p.
""Hn-n-Sn-p Hn\npw Amlp a\p-jys\ krjvSn-p.''(96:2)
"AeJv' F ]Z-n\v AXns bYmY hnh (H-n-n-Sn-p
Hv) e`n-p asmcp ]cn-`m-j-bp-sv F\nv tXmp-n-. amXm-
hns K`m-i-b-n-ep {`qW-ns hf-bpsS L- hfsc
kwn-]vX-ambn Jp-B hnh-cn-p-p-v. B hnh-cWw ]qW-
ambpwicnbpw hkvXp\njvT-hp-am-Wv. B {]{In-bsb hnh-cn-m-\p-]-
tbm-Kn-p efnX-]Z- {`qW-h-f-bpsS ASn-m\ L-sf
{]Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
""Hn-n-Sn-p Hn\nv \mw NX amwk-cq-]-amn. NX
amwk-n\npw Fp-I cq]-s-Sp-n. Fp-Isf \mw amwkw-
sImv s]mXn-p. A\-cw Ahs\ XnIpw asmcp krjvSn-bmn
hfn-sb-Sp-p. Amlp hfsc A\p-{K-l-ap-S-b-hX-s.''(23:14)
"NX amwk-cq]w' Fv ]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p "apZvK',
{`qW-h-f-bpsS L-n-ep Hcp {]tXyI Ah-sb IrXy-ambn
kqNn-n-p-p. Fp-I D`m-Kv cq]-s-Sp-tm amwk-t]-in-I
AXns\ s]mXn-bp-p. "elvav'F ]Zw kqNn-n-p-Xv CXm-Wv.
{`qWw Hcp Lw ]nn-Sp-tm Nne `mK- B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambpw
ap Nne `mK- B\p-]m-Xn-I-a-m-sXbpw hf-cp--Xmbn ImWp-p-
v. Xmsg kqw Dt-in-p-Xv CXm-bn-cnmw:
""a\p-jys\ \mw krjvSn-n-cn-p-Xv cq]w-]q-Xpw Am--
Xp-amb Hn-n-Sn-p amwk-]n-n\n-m-Wv.''(22:5)
]t-{n-b- Dm-Ip--Xn-s\-p-dnv Jp-B ]d-bpp:
""Amlp \nv tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw lrZ-bhpw \In.''(32:9)
16 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

B[p-\nI hnh-c--fp-ambn Cu {]kvXm-h-\-I-sfmpw Gp-

ap-p-n-. Am-es A_ [mc-W-I-sfmpw Jp-B-\n IS-
p-Iq-Sn-bn-p-an.
Jp-B\pw ss__nfpw
Ah-km\ hnj-b-amWv C\n \apv N sNm-\p--Xv. AXv
B[p-\nI hnm-\h - p-am-bp Hcp kwL-\
- a- m-Wv. ss__nfn kqN-
\-I \I-s-n-p Jp-B-\nse hnh-c--sf kw_-n Nne
Imcy-, krjvSn-sb-p-dnv {]Xn-]m-Zn--tm \mw N sNbvX-
Xm-Wv. Jp-B-\nse kq- B[p-\nI hnm-\-hp-ambn ]qW-
ambpw tbmPn-n-em-sW-pw ss__n {]kvXm-h-\-I ]eXpw
imkv{Xo-b-ambn Akzo-Im-cy-am-sWpw \mw Nqn-m-Wn-p-I-bp-m-
bn. Cm-cy-n AZv`p-X-s-tS--Xn-. Imc-Ww, ss__n Dsm-
p krjvSnsb kw_-n hnh-c- _n.kn. Bdmw \qm-n
Pohn-n-cp ]ptcm-ln-X-m-cpsS krjvSn-bm-Wv. sshZnI BJym\w
(Sacerdotal narration) Fp ]d-bp-Xv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. A\p-bm-bn-I-sf-
smv iv BN-cn-n-m Dt-inv sNbvX atXm-]-tZ-i-
cq]w ]q-XmWv Cu hnh-c-W-. \nWn-X-ambn Hcp eyw apn
Iv cNn--h-bmWv Cu {K-. Pdq-ktew ss__n kvIqfns
ap X-eh - \- mb ^mZ UnthmIvkv (Fr.De Vaux) Nqn-m-Wn-X - p-t]mse
B eyw A\n-hm-cy-ambpw BNmc \nb-a--f-\p-jvTn-m t{]cn-n-
p kz`m-h-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cp-p. ss__nfn hfsc kwn-
]vXhpw ]g-b-Xp-amb Hcp hnh-cWw krjvSn-ns\ kw_-nv hn-
p-v. "bmlvhnv'(Yahvist) F t]cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp Cu hnh-cWw
XnIpw hn`n--amb tImWnqSn hnj-bs kao-]n-pp.
s]m-Syq-n (Pentateuch)se Hmw ]pkvX-I-amb D]-n- (Gen-
esis)-bn \nv FSp-n-p--XmWv cpw. CXns cN-bn-Xmhv tamkkv
BsWv Icp-X-s-Sp-p. Fm aqe-n \apv Cv Adn-bm-hp-
-Xp-t]mse Htsd am-n-cp--ep-I kw`-hn-n-p-v. sshZnI
BJym\w (Sacerdotal narration) AXns X]-c-kr-jvSn-bmb hwi-]-c-
cmhnh-c-W-n\v {]kn--am-Wv. BZw-hsc sNs-p-pv {]kvXp-
X ]c--cm-Jym-\w. ]t, CXv Bcpw Kuc-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-m-dn-s-
p am{Xw. GXm-bmepw kphn-ti-jI - m-f - mb am-bnbpw eqtm-
kpw AXv FSp-s-gp-Xp-p-v. {InkvXp-hns hwim-hen hnh-cn-m
thn, ambn A{_lmw hsc t]mIp-tm eqtmkv BZw hsc
tamdokv _pmbv 17

t]mIp-p. Cu hnh-c-W--sfmw imkv{Xo-b-ambn Akzo-Im-cy--fm-

Wv. temI-ns {]mbw, a\p-jy temIv {]Xy--s Imew,
Fmw IrXy-hj- tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. Ah-smw Cv
Jn-X-ambn m]n--s bmYmYy--fp-ambn hnZq-c-_w t]mep-
an-. Jp-B-\m-Is Ccw hkvXp-X-I-fn\nv ]qWambpw kzX-
{-am-Wv. {]]--ns DZv`-hs kw_-n B[p-\nI Bi-b-
-tfmSv Jp-B Fs\ tbmPn-pp Fpw ss__n hnh-c-
W- Fs\ hntbm-Pn-p-p-shpw t\cs \mw Nqn-m-
Wn-p. BZn-a-P-e(Primordial Waters)s kw_-n k]w Akzo-
Im-cy-am-Wv. {]Imiw han-p \-{X-sf krjvSn-p--Xn\p app-
Xs Hmw Znhkw {]Imiw krjvSn-p. `qan-bpsS krjvSnp app-
Xs {]`m-Xhpw {]tZm-jhpw \ne-hn-ep-m-bn. aqmw Znhkw `qansb
krjvSn-p; AXpw \memw Znhkw kqcys\ krjvSn-p--Xn\p apv.
Amw Znhkw ]n-I, Bdmw Znhkw arK--. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-
I-sfmw {]kvXpX {Kw cN-np Imev \ne-\n-n-cp hnizm-
k-fpw [mc-W-Ifpw kzm[o\w sNep-n-b-Xns ^e-am-Wv. asm-
cYhpw Ahn-.
ss__nfns Ime-K-W-\-b-\p-k-cnv temI-ns {]mbw
Am-bn-cn Fgp\qn ap-sv hj-am-Wv. blq-Z-m-cpsS Ie-
Cpw CX-\p-k-cn-m-Wv. CXv XnIpw Akzo-Im-cy-am-Wv. \psS kuc-
bq-Yn\pXs \mec _ney hjw ]g--ap-v. `qan-bn a\p-
jy {]Xy--s-nv ]Xn-\m-bn-c--W-n hj- ]nn-n-cn-p-
p. JpB Ccw Hcp Xn-Xnbpw FSpp]d-bp-n-s-Xv
{]tXyIw {in--s-tS--Xm-Wv. Ah ss__n-fn\p am{Xw {]tXy-I-
am-bp--XmWv.
Jp-B\pw ss__n-fpw Xmc-Xayw sNp-tm hfsc {][m-\-
ambn {in-t asmcp hnjbw {]f-b-s-p-dn ]cm-ai-am-Wv.
ss__n {]kv-Xm-h\ cp-Xcw hnh-c-W--fpsS Hcp k-e-\-am-Wv.
cnepw kw`-h- ]c-kv]cw _-s-n-cn-p-p. temI-{]-fbw
A{_-lm-an\v GXmv apqdp hjw apv kw`-hn--Xmbn ss__n
{]kvXmhn-p-p. A{_-lm-ans\ kw_-nv \ap-d - n-bm-hp hkvXp-
X-I shp Nnn-m temI-{]-fbw kw`-hn-Xv _n.-kn. Ccp-]-n-
ctm Ccp-]s - mtm \qm-n-em-bn-cnpw. Ncn-{X-tc-JI - f
- psS shfn-
n CXv AwKo-I-cn-m \nhm-l-an-. Cu \qm-p-I-fn temI-
18 Jp-B\pw B[p-\n-I-im-kv{Xhpw

{]-fbw kw`-hn-p-Ibpw apgp-h \mK-cn-I-X-Ifpw XpS-p-am--s-Sp-

Ibpw sNbvXp Fv \apv Fs\ AwKo-I-cn-m Ignbpw? Ncn-
{X-tc-J-I-f-\p-k-cnv Cu Ime-Lw CuPn-]vXnse a[ya cmP-hw-i-
ns Ime- a m- b n- c p- p. ]Xn- s \mmw cmP- h w- i - n\p app
BZys CS-thf. AXp-sImv B[p-\nI Adn-hp-I-f-\p-k-cnv
ta]- d ss__n- {]kv X m- h \ AwKo- I - c n- pI km[y- a - .
Cs\ \nco-n-m Jp-Bpw ss__n-fn\pan-S-p Acw
hfsc hep-Xm-sWv \apv ImWm Ign-bpw.
{]fbw kw`-hn-Xv \qlv\_n-bpsS P\-Xp am{X-am-bn-cpp Fv
Jp-B ]d-bp-p. B P\-X-bpsS ]m]-v Ah inn--sp.
Ah ssZh-[n-m-cn-I-fm-bn-cp-p. {]fbw kw`-hn Imew Jp-B
kqNn-n-p-n-. Ncn-{X-]-c-amtbm ]pcm-hkvXpimkv{X-]-c-amtbmJp-
Bs hnh-c-W--fn Hcp sshcp-[yhpw Is-m Ign-bp-I-bn-.
Xmc-Xayw sNm-hp asmcp hnh-cWw aqkm-bpsS ]em-b-\-am-
Wv. ^tdm-h-bpsS ASn-a--n\nv tamNn-n--s C{km-Cu-ey-
cp-ambn aqkm \S-nb ]em-b-\w. hfsc ]cn-an-X-amb Hcp hnh-cWw
\Im am{Xta ChnsS km[y-am-Iq. ^tdm-ha - msc kw_-n Ncn{X
]cn-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS ]em-b\w \S Ime-s-p-dnv Rms\-n-
t \nK-a-\w, ^tdmh dwkokv cm-as ]nKm-an-bm-bn-cp
ams\]v (Marnsptah) Bbn-cpp Cu Ime-L--nse ^tdmh Fm-
Wv. thZ--fnse ]cm-aihpw ]pcm-h-kvXp-im-kv{X-]-c-amb sXfn-hp-
Ifpw CXn\v A\p-Iq-eamWv. ss__n hnh-c-W- aqkmsb ^tdm-
hamcpsS Ime-L--n m]n-m-\p i-amb sXfn-hp-I
\Ip-p-v. aqk P\n-Xv dwkokv cm-as Ime-m-bn-cp-p.
AXp-sImv ss__n kqN-\p Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]n_-e-ap-v.
^tdmh ams\-]v-bpsS an sshZy-im-kv{X-]-T-\-n\p hnt[-b-
am-n-b-tm ac-W-Im-c-W-s-p-dnv {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amb ]e hnh-
c-fpw e`n-p-I-bp-m-bn. Cu ^tdm-h-bpsS an 1898 Is-n-
bXv \psS ssIh-i-ap-s-Xp hfsc {]m[m-\y-aln-p-p. CXv
IS-en Bgv-sp Fv ss__n tcJ-s-Sp-p-p. ]t, B
arX-i-co-c-n\v Fp kw`-hnp FXns\-p-dnv hnh-c-sampw
\Ip-n-. Jp-B, B arX-i-cocw sh-n\nv FSp--sp
Fp {]kvXm-hn-p-p: ""Cu Znhkw \ns arX-i-cocw ]noSphcp-
-hv Hcp ]mT-am-bn-cn-m thn c-s-Spn kqn-p--Xm-
Wv''(10:92). Cu an-bn \S-nb sshZy-]-cn-tim-[\ hy-am-pXv
tamdokv _pmbv 19

arX-i-cocw A[n-I-Imew sh-n InS-n-cn-m-\n-S-bn Fm-

Wv. \o-Imew sh-n InS--Xns ^e-amb bmsXmcp Agp-
Iepw arX-i-co-c-n kw`-hn-n-n-. hopw Jp-B hnh-cWw
imkv{Xo-b-ho--W-n\v Hcp sNdnb sshcp[yw t]mepw \Ip-
n-sv hy-a-mIpp.
GXmv HXv \qm-p-Ip- apv cNn--s GXm\pw enJn-
XfpsS kam-lm-c-amWv ]g-b-\n-b-aw. hfscb[nIw am-n-cp--ep-
Iv AXv hnt[-b-am-bn-p-v. ss__n cN-\-bn a\p-jy hln
]v hf-sc-tbsd {]I-S-am-Wv. Jp-B Ah-X-c-W-ns Ncn{Xw
XnIpw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. BZy-ambn a\p-jy\v \I-s \nanjw
apX AXv lrZn--am--s-Sp-Ibpw apl--Zns Pohn-X-Im-e-p-
Xs Fgp-Xn-sh--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sIm-mWv Jp-B
AXns B[n-Im-cn-I-Xv Hcp {]iv\hpw Dbm--Xv.
]e-hw \mw Bhn--Xp-t]m-se, ]qW-ambpw hkvXp-
\njvTamb ]T-\w, B[p-\nI imkv{X-hn-m-\-ns shfn--n
cpw (Jp-B\pw imkv{X-hpw) ]qWambn tbmPnp-p Fv hy-
am-p--Xm-Wv. apl--Zns Imes sshm-\nI \ne-hmcw shp-
t\m-n-bm Am-es Hcp a\p-jy Ccw {]kvXm-h-\-I
sNpI FXv ANn-yam-Wv. Ccw A{]-am-Z-amb {]kvXm-h-\-I-
fmWv Jp-Bs Ah-X-c-W-n\v X\-Xmb Hcp m\w \Ip--Xv.
]qW-ambpw `uXn-Im-Sn-m-\-n-ep Hcp hni-I-e\w \S-p
\njv]--\mb imkv{X-, CXn\v Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \Im
Xm Ai--\m-sWp k-Xn-m \n_nX\m-Wv.