Miniature Portable 4-% Digit TRUE RMS Digital Multimeter MODEL 248 Specifications Operation Theory of Operation Maintenance Parts Lists SchematicsFRONTISPIECE- MODEL 2480MM COPYRIGHT 1976 DATA PRECISION CORPORATION rd Insue, November 1978 PROPRIETARY NOTICE The information contained in this publication is derived in part from proprietary and patent data of the Data Precision Corporation, This information has been prepared for the ex press purpose of assisting operating and maintenance person nel in the efficient use of the Model 248 Digital Mulzimeter, and publication of this information does not convey any rights co reproduce it or £0 use it for ar in connection with the installation, ope purpose other thar tion, and maintenance of tbe equipment described herein.INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL 2, Data Precision Model 288 495 digit multimeter (OMM) (rontispiece is ‘2 miniature, rugged, battery-powered (or line-charged battery), portable meter for measuring DC or AC voltages, OC or AC currents, and ohmic resistances ‘with 0,00595 resolution in 25 ranges with 100% overrenge. ‘The Model 248 like Ins predecessor Model 245, uses the field-proven TriPhasie™ anaiog-ro-isital conversion, sopolar™ raterence, and Ratiohmic resistance measurement technique. In addition, the Model 248 incorporates true RMS sensing on AC Inputs b. The Mosel 248 DMM is complete, including carrying cote, wrist strap, test probes, battery pack with rechargeable batteries, charger with integral line cord ang this complete instruction manual. Pertormanco-extending aceessori¢s are available anc ar listed in paragraph 1.4 1.2 OPERATING & DESIGN FEATURES. 8, Model 2480MM is operated simply by selecting the measuring function with fone frontpanel rotary switch and an appropriate range with she other. The ‘measured input signal including sign and decimal point is displayed on 7-sepment planar LED characters. All messured values are direct reading as determined by the selected function and range. Qut-of-range inputs loverload) are indicated by 4 blanked display {decimal point and polarity sign, if eppropriate, remain lighted 'b, Anominal full seale censitivity ef 100mV, 1 Kahms, oF 100 microamps I available for voltage, resistance, or curront measurements, respectively, providing ‘resolution af 10 microvolts, 100 milliohms, and 10 nangarrperes, Measurements up to 100% overrange may be made on gach range scale (except for voltage on the highest range! with the seme high accuracy as for i-range messurement on esch scale, Model 248 OMM incorporates protection eircuitry to permit maximum in put signals within specifications) ta be applied indefinite without domege «. A fully-charged battery pack will supply 6 hours of in-specification opera tion; ie can be recharged fully overnight (12 hours). Moreover, he batteries are siveys being recharged when the battery charger i connected, whether the meter is turned on or off. Power consumption is less then 1 watt From the battery and slightly more than one watt from AC mains when operating the charger. Battery rain and parts count are minimized by the use of a proprietary LSI/CMOS chip ‘which performs ail the log functions required by the 4/0 converter 1MODEL 24aDMM 1.3. SPECIFICATIONS (For 1 year, without recalibration) 12.1 9¢ Volts Range | FullSeate | Resolution 100mv 1 199.99mv 10K 1 tro90ev | 1000 10 trisgv | inv | 100 t199.99V 10m 1x | t10000v_| 100mv Input Impedance: 10M92 ai rangas. ‘Maximum Voltage: 1000V, all ranges (24 nre., 28°C 412¢}: 40.03% inp #1 tse (1 yoor, 23°C $8°C): 40.05% inp 21 ise ‘Add #0,00001% (0.1 ppm) of inp/volt on 1K range. ‘Temperature Coefficient: (0°C to 402C, all anges): (20,0039 inp £0.001% f..)/9C. Common Mode Voltage: 500 VOC (or peak AC} max when connected to AC power power line 1000 VDC (or peak AC) max when on battery operation {for safety) Common Made Rejection Ratio: {with 1000 ohm source impedence unbelanced AC line operation: > 12008 @ de 5 100d8 @ 50Hz and @ 60He Battery operation: Essentially infinite @ de $120 06 @ S0H2 and @ 6OHZ Normal Mode Rejection Ratio: 60 68 © 50H? and @ 60 Hz Accuracy’ 1.3.2 AC Volts (True RMS Sansing) Range | Full Seal Resolution roomy | 198.99 10 {4 1.9999 100K 10 1.999 tmv, 100 199.99 tomy soovact | saov | _100mv “See maximum input voltage limits balow. At frequencies greater than ThH2 with élsplay greater than 10% of fait seate To abtain optimum resolution and stated accuracy 1 Decrease range teem maximum 10 abiain overrange indication 2. Select next highest range 12INTRODUCTION SEES esterase eaeseeeeeeceeeceeseeseeeeeae eee Err laput Impedance: 10MS2in porslis| wich 7EPF or las. Sensing and Calibration: True RIVS Accuracy: (7 year @ 23°C 45°C) Frequency” Inaecuraey ‘30H2 Hi input + 0.8% Fs.) SoH 10 600 He | 110.4% input + 0.2% f.) DkHe to 20kHz | +(1,0% input 40.2% F.5.) | a erpolate linearly between Frequency end points, Temperature Cootficionts (0°C +0 40°C, all ranges): Frequoney* Coctficionts 50 Hz to S00 Hz | + (0.02% input + 0.02% rangel/°C ro, 2kH2 10 20kH2 | $0.19 inpur + 0.02% rane ‘interpolate linearly between frequency end points ‘Maximum input voltage (sinewave) 30H2 to 1OkHz: 500 VAMS =10kHz Decreasing to 250 VMS @ 20KHz Settling Time: 2.5 seconds max, 10 40.1% of final reading for full-scale step input change, 1.3.3 Resistance Range Full Scale Resolution Maximum Test Current | 7 rosea? | 100me> Tama to | 19.999K2 12 3048 100 reaoa® | 102 5uA tk | r9p92K% | 1008 3.5UA | rom2 | r9.999m82 | r0008% 0.35yA | Accuracy (1 year, @ 23°C 28°C}: [Range Inaceuracy ——— Feit nmeeweeey erties 4.10,100 | =(0.07%input +1140.) te £(0.1% inpur* isd) | | tows | Staneinurs 14a) 1aMODEL 248DMM ‘Temperature Coefficient (0°C to 40°C) Ronee Cootficient 1,10, 100 | £(0.005% input + 0.001% rangel/C 1 (0.01% input + 0.001% rangel °C 10m 2 £(0,02% input + 0.005% range) /°C ‘Measuring Configuration: 2avire Maximum Open Circuit Voltage: 3.5 Volts Maximum Input Voltage: 250 VRMS AC or OC Settling Time: 0.7 + (0.3) (Resistance in MO) 1.34 DE Current. Range | Full Seale | Resolution TooHR | 199.99pA 108A 1 1.9999mA OMA 10 19.999mA, Ty 100 £199.99mA sop tk 1999.9, 100A Maximum Current: Limited to 2A by series fuso(250V) located in red probe Nominal Full Seale Voltage Across Shunts: 100mV Accuracy {1 year, @ 29°C $5°C): H0.3% input + 113.6.) Range Inaccuracy TOOA, 1,10 | Fl0A% inputs Ths) 100, 1K £(0.2% inpurt 1186.) Temperature Costficiont (0°C to 40°C): Range Cootti 20014, 1,10 | 10.01% input + 0.001% f.5.1/°C 100, 1K 20.02% input + 0.001% 1.)!°C 4: INTRODUCTION 1.3.8 AC Currant (True RMS Sensing} Gorge esi sr [lecaanl rani] osama | tom ce eae aaa eel chee tnt og Maximum Current®: Limited 10 28 by series fuse (250V1 located in red probe, *CAUTION: Protaction i detearad if fused probe i not used. Nominal Ful Seale Voltage Aeross Shunts: 100mVAMS Accuracy {1 year, @29° 45° c} Freauency* inaccuracy 30% TH-8% input + 05% Fs) 50H: to S00H2 | 10.75% input + 0.2% 5.) 2kHe to 20kH2 | 411.5% input + 0.2815) “interpolate Finearly between frequency end points, At frequen: of full seae. fereater than TkH, with dieolay greater than 10% Temperature Coetficionts (0° ro 40°C), Frequeney* Coefficient ‘SoHE wo BOOM | NOOSE input > OOK FAC 2kHe 10 2OkHE | HG.1% input + 0.02% 48.1/°C “Interpolate linearly between frequency end points To obtain optimum resolution and state accuracy 1) Decrease range fram max. te abtain overrange Incication 2. Select next highest range. 1MODEL 248DMM 16 1.3.6 All Measuring Modes Reading Rate: 2.5 readings/seeond Polarity: ‘Automatic plus (4 oF minus {ol dspiayed for all de Overload: Indicated ay blanking ofall sits: deeimal point and polarity [it appropriate) semain lighted Powor Supply: Battery pack with 6 NiCd batteries. Recharging requires approximately 12 nours. Battery charger operates from 105-125V (47 :0 400H2). Model 248E operates from 226- 260V (47 to 40042). Charged battery provides up 10 6 hours of operation Power Consumption: —0.75W bettery oparation Low Battery Indication: Dacimsl point blinks @ 2 Sisscond for approximately B minutes before discharge Environment: Temperature Renge: Operating, °C r0 40°C Storage, -25°C to #90°C Humidity. 80% RH, O°C t0 40°C, noncondensing Physica Size: BH WH TA BIN d, [19.97 x 4,45 x 8.69 em) weight: 1.3 lb, net; 3 te. packed for shipping (0.63 ke) 1.4 Acoossories (Supplied 3¢ Standard shown by *) (Supplied fo Model 248 snown by **) Date Precision) Nemo Model No. Bench Stand ‘B40 Battery Module (Spare) cPso Test Leace (Spare) (Set of two) . (Fuse, 3AG, 2emp Fast-Blo| art No- 24500002) charger’ Line Cord (105-128) use Charger/Line Cord (220-250V) 30" High Voltage Probe (to 40KV} von, Gurrent Probe t9 180 amp itso Leather Case wee ‘Adaptor, Sid. Banana to Mini Ganane | MB2 ack Mount Ras,OPERATION & CALIBRATION Chapter 2 OPERATION & CALIBRATION 2.1 GENERAL 8. Mods! 248 4% cigit Multimeter hes been shipped with a fully cherged bottory pack, oad should be usable immediately upon opening the box and attaching the probe leads. b. This chapter contains (1) aninventory 1st of what you should find upon opening your packing earvon; (2) a complete description of the operating controls and indications: (3a step-by-step procedure for aperating the instrument in any of its 6 moazuring functions. (4) aprocedura for determining when to recalibrate the meter: and (5) application notes to hela obtain the measurement accuracies of which the meter ie eapeaie, 2.2 UNPACKING & REPACKING , Model 248 is shipped in » molded protective fitted container. This manual has been packed in a recess at the top of the outer protective layer, and should be read before attempting to use the meter. When the protective box is opened, you should fine! the following items inside the flexible fitted carrying ease (1) Mode! 248 4% digit Multimeter with attached wrist strep and bbottery puck module inserted; (2) Line cord with attached tartery charger unit: (Charger L15 for 105° 125V) (Charger L30 fer 220-2501 (2) Two proves (Fed probe fused with 2A (250V} fuse; (Alligator clips 6 spare fuse.) (4) Certificate of Conformance and copies of authenticated Factory Tost Dote Shests: (5) Warranty Card 24aMODEL 248MM Carefully examine these articles, noting espectally the matching serial numbers of the instrument and the test date. Inspect the packing case and the instrument for any signs of damage duriag shipment and repart immediately to the carrier. Fill out and return the warranty card to register your instrument and to establish your warrantied service interval. ‘&. Accessories, such as bench stand, spare charger, spare battery pack, or high voltage probes, may have been ordered. These will be shipped in their own con- 6, Retain the packing material for reshipment. fe. When thipping Modo! 248 DMM, piace the instrument in its protective carrying case, including test probes and battery charger. Use fosm liners and ppack in originel shipping carton, if available. If original shipping carton is ne longer avilable, wrap the instrument (in its carrying case ¢s above) with a foam-type insulation or air bubble plastic and ‘pack in suitable carton. Use sufficient stuffing to keep the unit securaly positioned in the carton. f. If the Made! 248 DMM is to be kept stored without use for any appreciable time (6 months or mare], the batteries should be recharged every 6 months, eK vers (20g 6 ® foie FOR Fig. 2-1. Outline Dimensions & FeaturesOPERATION & CALIBRATION 2.3 KEY POINTS ON YOUR MODEL 248 OMIM (Figure 2-1) Fig. Ret. trom Functional Deserintion | 1. | Dispiey Aree ‘Automatic polarity indieation; dacimat iis plus overrange "1": and range scale selected decimal point display 2. | Function Switch | Rotary 6-position switch. Sects one of five maasuring functions dzonnoets ‘battery power (OFF). 1 2. | Range switan Rotary 6 panition suiteh. Selects ane of six fll scale display values enc eorreapond ing decimel points for voltage, current, end 4 | com. #1 Receptacles for probe leads, common ard bien 5. | assomoly Serow | Slotted serow fastens meter asembiy to cave. 6. | Flip-Oow Tit Lea | Recessed hinged leg to support meter in tit | 1. | nomskid pcs 2 pads ro pravent mater fram slging on smooth surfaces | | | serew Holds rear cover in place Chars inaut Receptacle for chergee input ing adjustments, and to remove battery. | 11. | Adjustments 7 caliorating adjustments | 10. | Rear cover Removable cover to permit accass to calibrat | | 2.4 OPERATING PROCEDURES 2.4.1 General ‘Operate your mulkimeter in the following sequenes for most efficiont use. {8 I Vine power isto be used, attach bottery charger output to meter at pane! connector: then piug in battery charger to appropriate AG power line. Soe ower data on charger label. Do net romove battary pack. Bettory pack must ‘always be intalied for proper aperation 23MODEL 248DMM bb. Turn the instcument on by selecting the desired measurement function with Function Switeh, . CV, ACV, ete, . Selact the appropriate full scale range. ..1K, 100, 10, etc 1d. Connect rest leads to mater and apply probes to circuit under test. fe. Read display, 4. Select range for highest resolution capability 24.2 Applying Power 42. The Mode! 248 4% cigt multimetor may be operated from power supplied by the internal battery module containing x rechargeable NiCd barteries. The batterie will supply up to six hours of in-spee operation when fully charged. ‘Complotaly ditenarge the batteries before recharging. Recharaing requires p- proximately 12 hours, The meter mey slso be operated from AC line power, ‘whore availablo, without disconnecting the batteries. Use the AC charger end integral connecting cable supplied with the instrument. The standard Mode! 248 is shipped with a charger that operetes from 105-125V AC: Model 2485 is shipped with a charger intended for 220-250V AC. When the line cord and bettery charger are connected, the batteries are always chersing, even when funetion switch isin the (off position. & protective circuit prevents overcharging the betters. For ex tended field use without access to charging power, an extra bettery module is recommended, bb. Low battery power is indicated by a blinking decimal point inthe display, and approximately 5 minutes of usaful battery power remains when the display first starts to blink 2.4.3 Selecting Measuring Function ‘The lefthand seven-position rotary Function Switch makes the required in ternel connections to messure DC volts, AC volts, Kilohms (3.5V excitation), DC miltiomperes, or AC milliamperes. The OFF position disconnects battery ower from the circuitry but dose not disconnact the charging circuit, if AC ower is connected, The switch positions are as shown in Table 2-4 2A. Selecting Range “The righthand rotary Range Switeh selects the full scale sensitivity of the measurement and simultaneously positions the decimel point for direct reading in the selected units, The switch positions and the full-scale readings ae shown Jn Table 2:2. Note thet the highest scale position provides for 1OMS2 for resist lance massurements, 500 VAC for ACV measurements, 1000 DCV on DCV mee: surements, and 1000 mA on current measurement (DCmA and ACMA 28OPERATION & CALIBRATION CAUTION When making voltage measurements, exercise care thatthe source signal ozs not include high voltage sptkes hich could be injurious to personnet er equipment. 2.4.5 Connecting the Inputs ‘Connect the probes: rd probe lead to the HI receptacle and the black probe lead to the COM receptacle of the meter. Measurements made at the sensing ends Of the probes will be the value of the HI input with respect to the COM input. 1 the meter reads + 17.725 volts DG, then the MI (red-esd} is 17.725 volts more positive than the COM (blackelead) terminat. ‘Table 2-1. Funetion Switeh Selections FUNCTION SWITCH POSITION (clockwise from OFF) | __ PARAMETER MEASURED bev De voltages up to 1,000 volts. acy Up to 500 VAMS of true RMS AC voltage, from 20Hz to 10KHz, de creasing linearly to 250V at 20KHz 2 Resistance up to 20 megohmns with maximum opencircuit voltage of 3.5V. Able to withstand connected ‘external voltage of 250 VRMS AC or DC. Doma Direct Current in milliamperes, up 10 2,000mA, protacted by 2-ampere fuse rated at 250V in red input probe, Acma ‘Alternating Current in millampaces Up t0 2,000mA of true RMS inputs, protected by 2-ampere fust (250V) in rod input probe, 2.4.6 Reading the Display ‘4. DC polarities are automatically indicated on the display, and reflect the polarity of the HI signal with rbspect to the COM. bo. Overrangs values up to 100% above the selected range will be messurad and displayed. The maximum indication is 19999 with the appropriate decimal point location, (See exceptions for maximum valtages per specifications.) 25MODEL 248DMM 26 ‘Table 2-2 Range Switch Selection Swen rostion] Tl overanse Unite chess | Nia aes from top) Vottaoe | Current _| Resistance Tooimv, way | 10000 | vee | mv | HA = 10 1.0000 | 19009 | v mA 2 10 roo00 | re999 | vo | ma 1 100 voooo | 19999 | v ma «2 skisoovac - | 1000. | iWowet) |v ma «2 rom | 10.000 | 19.998 - moO (Note 1): See specification para 1.3 for overrange limits on these scales. ©. Overload messuramants of more thar 100% above the soloctes range are indicated by a blanking of al digit, leaving only the polarity of overload and docimal point display lighted. For example, if the appid signal is more than $19,999 volts on the 10 volt full scale ange, only the + sign and the decimal ‘point will appear. d. Values on the display ar interoreted directly in engineering units defined by the setting of the function switch and scaled by the setting of the range switch, “The table below illustrates the interpretation of various displayed values for ap: propriate range scales and function modes. Dieplayed Value | Funetion | Range | tntamentation +1245 bev [1 1.2345 volts positive OC 1.2345 2 1 1.2345 kitohms 12.346 Kf 10 12.348 kilohms 1248 KO 1k 1,234.5 kllonme | oF 1.2345 megohs 12.088 2 10M | 12.345 mogohms + oev | 10 Inpucis greeter than 19.999 VDC 2 1omS2 | inpurisoreater thon Ll 19.999M 2.5 CALIBRATION 1, The Model 248 Digital Multimeter is factory callorated and burned-in prior to shipment, and is designed to remain in calibration for 2 minimum of 1 year bofore the recalibration procedure should be required. ‘The complete set of fee ‘ory test data sheets for each instrument is shipped with the meter, and may be referenced to determine the need for calibration.OPERATION & CALIBRATION NO ZERO ADJUSTMENT IS EVER REQUIRED ON ANY MEASUREMENT FUNCTION OR RANGE SCALE AND NONE IS PROVIDED eee er '. When calibration i raquired, est standards of the ranges end accuracies, listed below should be uses to eliminate any test standard uncertsinty Parameter Range ‘Accuracy Tolerances DE voltae | Ow 10 0.005% AG Voltage es00Hz | Oto 10V RMS 40.01% @10KHz | Oroson0VAMS | 40.07% ©. Calibration Adjustments are accessible through the rear panel, behind the removable cover plate In the lower left corner, Lift out the cover plete by inset. ing e small tool in the hole and lifting out. The eizcuit referenes designations are stemped on the rear pana for each of the raven adjustments <4. Perform the adjustmants in the sequence tabulated below. Apply test input stendards of amplitude and frequency 2¢ close at possible to the values Viste in the table. Adjust the designated control until the display isthe input (or the designated reading). If avaiable test stondards do not develon the Isted values, tnen the closest value to the specified input should be used andl the con- tro) adjusted accordinaly. Ite desirable to use signals at least 50% of the full cafe valua for the specified range. CALIBRATION SEQUENCE Function Range | Test ‘Adjust for Step | Select Saect_| input Input/or Record 7 ocv 7 1.9000 VOC [Rt for +1.9000 | 2 pov 100mV | +100.00mvDC | R36 for + 100.00 3. ACY ' 1.0000V @ 10042 R18 for 1.0000 4 acy 100mV | 100.00mv @ 100Hz R12 for 100.00 5. acy 1k S00V @ 10KHz | C4 for 500.0 6. acy 100 | SOV@10KH2 | C10 for 50.00, 7 acy 100 | 100V@ 10KHz | Record Display 8. acy 0 1OV@10KHz | Record Disptay | Adiust C6 until Display |is 2/9 between Step 7 | andl value first recorded Jin Step 8. 8 ‘Same as Sp 8 _| C4 for 10.000 10. 27MODEL 248DMM 2.6 APPLICATION NOTES 2.6.1 Genoral ‘Optimum performance is obtained from your Model 248 by observing a umber of precautions in ettabishing the txt measurement conditions. The few hints included in these paragraphs are only indicative of the typas of measuring environment problems which may influence the meter performance. ti sus- ‘gested that the user record his own application sid ax he determines them, 2.6.2 Avoiding Ground Loops (Making Grounded Measurements! If the battery chargor/ine cord is connected, 2 potential difference may exist between the “ground of the power source and the “ground!” of the measured Circuit. This difference of ground potentials may set up groundsloop currents and affect the measured values although the instcument will reduce their effects significantly (CMRR * 120dB, NMR = 608). The ground loop effects can be avoided simost completely by operating the meter on batteries, i t Fig. 22. Ground Loop Voltage Generation. 2.6.3 Making “Floating” Measurements In a floating measurement, such asin figure 2, possible to introdues ¢ ‘common made voltage by reactive coupling throush the AC powerline when tat source of Mode! 248 power is connected. As in paragraph 2.6.2, although this tfiect is small, it may be avoided almost completely by disconnecting the AC power source and reverting automatically to battery power. 2A Making High Resistance Measurements 1a. When moking measurements of very high impedance soUrces, as when re quired to mesure resistance on the 10M{2range, the input circuit may be susceDt {ble o noise. The effect of voltege-producing nolse fields on the probe leads mayOPERATION & CALIBRATION ‘be sufficient to introduce significant changes in the least significant digt of the display. bb. Measurement errors may be kept 103 minimum undo? bby keoping the leads as short as possible co Rot use any extensions on the probes), {and by twisting the probe leads so as to equalize any field effects on the signal in pat leads NOTE: tr good practice to twist probe leads whenever possible in order to equalize any field effects on the the signal inpur loads. ‘ono Fig. 28. Induced AC Common Mode Voltages 2.8.5 Making Very Low Voltage Measurements Problems may arise when measuring very low voltages because of the differ lonces in temperature of tho probe contact points. Both probes are plated brass, ang ifthe HI prabe is in contact with copper in @ high ambient temperature (for ‘example, in a computer tape drive mechanism), white the COM probe is rounded {at very much cooler steel cabinet frame, then a ditterance in emf of savaral 29MODEL 248DMM hundred microvolts may result, changing the least significant digit. In order to imize such errors, connect the probes wherever possible at approximately the same temperature 2.6.6 Making AC Measurements of Complex Waveforms ‘To obtain optimum parformance of Model 248DMM, use the range indicated in Table 2-4 when measuring waverorms whose complexity Is described by the crest factor, CF (CF ™ Peak Voltage + RMS Voltage). All selections are subject {0 the requirement thet ac voltage must not excaed 750 V-peak to avoid instru- ment damage TABLE 2-4 FOR CREST SELECT MODEL 248DMM FACTOR RANGE For displayed RWS values Up 1025 up to maximum possible fon the solected range. For displayed RMS values ‘up to 100% of nominal 251050 range, {50% of maximum possible on the selected range) 2.6.7 Making DCV Measurements in the Presonce of AC Interference Input de voltages are frequently measured in circuits that inject an ac voltage in series with the unknown de input signal. These “normal mode" interference lls are rejected by the Mode! 248 circuitry in accordance with the NMRF Specifications in Chapter 1. The extent to which the 2c component of the de signal is attenvated depends upon the frequency of the ae interference. At 60 fand 60 He, the ac signa’ amplitude is attenuated by e factor of at least 300 (6008)PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Chapter 3 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION ‘Mociet 248 DNIM i triggered internally t0 initiate a phase measurement cycle. During Phase 1 the moter circuits are automatically servoed ta determine the cotrection for the accumulated zero offsets in the analog integrator loop. In hese 2 the signa! to be measured, which has been conditioned according 10 the ‘ype of signal (AC, DC, or Ohms) and selected range scale, is connected in series with the zero offset correction to the dual slope A/D converter integrator wich integrates the conditioned input fora fixed time interval of 100 milliseconds ‘After the fixed time interval of Phase 2, Phase 3 begins, in which the input signal is disconnected from the A/D canverter, and in its place @ reference signal of opposite polarity and fixed magnitude is connected in sories with the zero off set correction. The integration of the reference signal continues in Phase 3 until this second ramp of the dual ramp A/D converter reduces the voltage on the inte {grating capacitor 10 2210, The zero (evel on the integrating capacitor is senead {and indicates the End of Convarsion (EOC) if it occurs in 200 msec oF less dur ing Phase 3. 1f there has not boon an EOC signal within 200 msac in Phase 3, the moter interprets thie a an overload condition. I quickly ands Phaze 3 vis 8 fast time digcharge and initiates Phaze 1 ro restars the conversion cycle, The fast time constant introduced into the capacitor dischargo circuit assures that the “outo-2eroing intearetion in Phase 1 will start from zera conditions efter an ou: of-range input, The overload sense circuit also initiates the development of logic contro! signals for the overloed dispiay. 3.2 OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM [As shown in Fig. 3-1, the meter consists of the following major functions} 2. input Signa! Conditioners (Excitation, Dividers, Shunts, AC/DC Converter 1b. Tri:Pnosic™ Ansiog-to-Digital Converter Digital Losic Programmer and Master Timing Oscillator. i Isopolar Reference Generator. Display (Decoder and Scanner £. Power Supply (Including DC/DC Converter and Reference), a4MODEL 2480MMPRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 3.2.1. Input Signal Sealing 12, The output count n, of the TriPhasle A/D converter is determined by the formula = xLGOND Veer where n= The count accumulated in the output register during Phose 3 Veonp ~ The conditioned votzage amplitude input to the A/D during Phase 2 peer = The teference voltage amplitude input ra the A/D during Phase 3, © sealing constant, determined by the timing eloek counter input to the accumulating register, Thus, as shown in Figure 31, the digital value wll be scaled by the combined effects of the input voltage attenuatoror current shunt, the gain through she ACIDG converter (for AC inputs), the selected reference voltage amplituce, and ‘the gain of the A/D. Table 3-1 summarizes the relationship of the gain factars for each range and in each function mode. '. An input voltage signal is conditioned by the voltage attenuator and an Input current by 9 current shunt. Tho development of @ conditionad voltage across an unknown input resistance is deseribed in some eotail in 9 subsequent paragraph. 3.2.2 A/D Converter ‘The analog saction of the Tri-Phasic Analog-to-Digital Converter includes an input buffer stage, intapeator, and comparator, connected as shown in a very simplified schematic of Figure 3-1. They funetion as follow during the tae phases of Tri-Phasic operation, a. Phase 1 During Phase 1 the analog section automaticaly zeros the unit to correct for the oro oftsots inherent within the analog functioning elements, During this phase, switch A and switch D are closed, removing the conditioned input, and rounding the input to the hish input impedence unity gain amplifier. As ere- sult, the closed loop serves the outaur of the A/D comparator to near-zero. At 33MODEL 248DMM a4 TABLE 21 MODEL 248 GAIN FACTOR TABLE Selected DC] A/D Moasure| Range Input | AMP-+ AC to DE | Ref Voltage | Input Mode | Selected | Atten/Shunt | RMStoDCV | Amplitude | AMP 7 rr) NOT ot fron 1 i seo 1 ce pev | 10 a0 1 " 100 1:10 1 1 1K 1:1000 1 1 7 rr 10 7 17 1 1m a 1 ce acy | 10 10 at 1 a 100 1:10 a 1 1 1k 1:1000 in} 1 us 1 1" 10: 7 1 y | a0. 10:1 1 1 cma | 10 1100 101 1 1 100 11000 10:1 1 1 LK +:100000 10:1 1 1 7 1 NoT oi | ton 1 110 useD | 01 fro: ema | 10 1100 or fro 100 121900 ox fro 1K, 4:10000 1101 ‘hat time a voltage will have been developed across the memory capacitor, Co ‘which balances the sum total ofall the individual offsets generated within the Joop, and the serve loop “ses” 3 2er0 error signal bb, Phase 2 [At the start of Phase 2, switehet A and D open, and switch B closes. In the open position of switches A and D, the analog scction retains the offset voltage on memory capacitor Cy ar # correcting value which will be combined algebraically ‘with the input signals end the values inteorated in Phase 2 and Phase 3. Switch B, which remains closed during Phase 2, connects the input signal con itionar ouput to the buffer emplifier. The buffer output is integrated for 3 fixed time of 100 milliseconds at controlled by the digital logic. The voltage oe veloped across the integrating capacitor Gis therefore proportional to the mag- nitude of the input signet, and the output of the high-gain comparator amplifier \will be at 2 saturation lave! of opposite polarity to the conditioned input voltage.PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Phase 3 At the start of Phase 3, switeh 8 opens, removing the conditioned ousput signal from the unity gain ampiitir. At the same time lstart of Phase 2), the Dolarity sense function of the digital zeetion determines the polarity of the ‘comparator ouput and transmits 8 contro signal ta the Isopolar reference ‘switching network, thereby connecting the correct polarity of the reference Voltages through Switeh © to the unity gsin amplifier for integration during Phose 3. The reference voltage integrated during Phase 3 decreases te voltage ‘cross integrating capacitor C, until the autput of the high gain comparator Changes polarity, This chenge in comparstar autput polarity indicates end of {conversion and is sensed inthe logie 10 indicate the end of Phase 3 and the start of Phase 1, The eycle repeats If the cherge on G; is not reduced 0 zor in the time interval allowed for {ull overrenge messurements, tha digital control logic initiates the overload 3 tions in the multimeter, as explained later, 1 should be noted that the zero, Cftset is generated and the storago capacitor charge is undated in each eonver. sion cycle. Also, note that the staree voltage representing the corrected 2070 6 Introduced into the analog section for both the unknown integration and she reference integration, thereby removing the zera effects from both the charp ing and the discharging actions on Cy, “The timing relavionshis of the Triphasie conversion eyele are summarized in Figuen 3.7 3.2.3. Digital Logie Programme 5 All of the logic eieuitey to develo the phase timing control signs for ‘ve A/D converter ar incorporated in one CMOS integrated eireu‘t. ‘This cor ponent receives the 400 kHz master osciliator pulse chain from which it derives ‘the contro! signals for the start of Phase f, the start of Phase 2 (100 miliseconce feter| and the start of Phase 3 {100 milliseconds after the start of Phave 2). It aiso receives the A/D comparator output from which it derives the contro! signals to select the polarity of the reference for Phase 3 signal integration and ‘he contro! signal that ends Phase 3 b. The logic chip also generates the corteol signal forthe fast discharae ofthe {Integrating capacitor, if applicable, and the control signals that cause the everlowd Indication in the dispay ©, The digitized value of the conditioned multimeter input i time multiplexed ln BCD format on four parallel fines to the Decadsr Driver, while the corresponds log digit address is transmittag to the address scan element 35MODEL 2480MM i tos overnianos — oisceARGE 1 auto zenoine! pur sional! ReFeRence mrecRaION I INTEGRATION 1 i i 1 i ' 1 1 1 Fig. 92, System Timing Waveforms 3.2.4, Decoder/Driver “The digitized value of the conditioned input is converted from the BCD format into 7-segment display code In @ CMOS Decoder/Driver. The Decoder! Deiver outputs provide adequate current to drive directly the segment of each digit display. The decoder unit also receives the blanking contro! output from the digital programmer {paragraph 3.2.3] and responds with the blanked display format of an overload indication, 3.28. Display “The display consists of four full decades of seven-segment characters, fifth loment which may take # character of "1" or remain blank, ancl an element for indicating the poleity of the input signal. The decimst point position is con ‘tolled directly by the manual range selection, and may be located in any one of five positions 36PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 3.2.6. Referonce Generator The Iso-polor™M reference generator provides a precise 1.0 or 0.1 volt ove! t0 be connected to the analog input for Phase 3 operation, The selection of 1.9 (oF 0.1 voltage level is accomplished by the mode selection, Tho Izo-palar action ‘ebtains positive or negative references with equal magnitudes, 3.2.7. DC/DC Converter & Power Supply Power for the meter is obtained from a nominal 7.5 volt bettery supply winich is connected as negative voltage source, plugin battery charger, provided 3: stondord equipment, maintains the voltage whenever the charger is conngctad to Fine power, whether or not the meter is on. Tha DC/DC converte is connected 10 the battery supply only when the meter is turned ON, and develops nominal #755 volts forthe analog circuitry. The -6.8 volts forthe digital logic and for the analog amplifier units ae supplied eiraetly by the battery 1b, The reference voltage generator raqulates the +7.5 volt output of the DG/OC converter, anc develops both the +1 and 100mV relerence potentials {or use in the A/D conversion, The isonoler reference circuitry determines the appropriate polerity of thac levels before connection to the A/D converter in Phase 3, The regulation cireuitry also monitors the level of the negative supply ‘and causes the decimal point o blink when a low-battery condition exists 3.3. INPUT SIGNAL CONDITIONING 3.3.1. Voltage Divider 8. Mode! 248 OMIM scales al! ac and de voltages in 2 frequency compensated voltege divider, as shown in the folé-out reference schematic, Perts of the divider are also used as the reference resctance for the latiohmie resistance measurement, ‘The decimal point location automatically tracks the dacade selection effected by the eange switch, bb. Resistance elements of the divider ero contsined ina single resistor net- work, 44, that nas been trimmed during manufacture to within 0.03% relative end absolute accuracy. No external resistive trimming is required. Capacitive elements ‘hat trim the network for spocified frequency response are mounted external 0 the resistor network, As noted in the reference illustration, C3, C5, and CB are trimmed by C4, CB, end C10, respectively for the separste decades, while C11 is immed by bigodine some current thraugh C39 irom tie full input vie C2. a7MODEL 248DMM 38 3.2.2, DCV Signal Conditioning When the Function Switch isn the DCV position, the output of the voltage attenuator is copacitive-coupled [C20 - 4741F} to the A/D converter during Phase 2 fof the 3:phese conversion eyele. Resistor RIG and capacitor C17 form a simple input filter for all de input signals. 3.3.3. ACV Signal Conditioning (Reference Fold Out) 14. When the Function Switch is in the ACV position, the ouput of the volt ‘age divider is connected to the AC/DC converter, The AC/DC converter consists Of a true RMS to DCV unit preceded by an amplifier of selectable gain (1:1 oF 1:10). b. The AC/DC convertar is connected in the circuit through contaets on one water of the mode switch when positioned to AC or AGMA, and receives the ‘Output of the voltage attenuator or current shunt, respectively. ‘The gain of ‘amplifior 21 is either unity oF 10:1, determined by the configuration of the feed: back circuit that is controlled by the selected function mode and range. A gein ff 10:1 js set up forall ranges when in ACMA moasurements, or when the 1 RANGE is selected for ACV measurements. The 10:1 divider ratio is obtained by resistors R12 ond F114 and trimmed by series potentiometer R12 For calibre tion purposes €. The ac output of 21 is capaciter-coupled 10 22, in which it is convertod to ‘2 de voltage and scaled such that 1VFIMS at 22-1 produces 1VDC at 22-8. The {sealing of 22 Is adjusted by R18 for calibration 33, CCurront Shunt & Current input Conditioning 1, When in either DCmA oF ACMA position, the Function Switch connects the input signal to 9 decade current shunt (R24 through R28). Shunt values are selected so thet the output will be 100mY for nominal range inputs. Diode ring CRI through CR4 provides a protection against overiosd input to keeo the shut voltage outputs within + 3.5\ b. When in DMA position, the Funetion Switch capacitor.couples the shunt ‘output to the A/D converter, as for DCV oparation. ce. When in AGmA position, the Funetion Switch connects the shunt output to the AC/DC converter and the AC/OC converter output to the A/D Input as for ACV operation. 3.3.5, Resistance Measurement Signat Conditioning In the Date Precision Ratiahmic technique of resistance measurement, the resistance to be measured is connected in series with a selected standard resistancePRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ‘ang driven by @ source voltage sa that the Voltage input to the A/D for Phase 2 fang the voltage input to the A/D for Phave 3 are derived from the action of the same current in the sireuit, Because the Tri-Pnasic technique digitizs the ratio f the wo voltages {see paragraph 3.2.1), the exact value of the current is not Elgnificane in detarmining the esults, only is stobility over the muasurament ycle, Figure 3.3 ig simplitieg schematic illustrating the Model 248 operation hon in Resistance messurament mode b. As shown in Figure 33, selection of kCDby the Function Switeh applies 2 ‘pomingl 3.5 V as the reference voltage. The raference voltage ie applied scross the seriesconnected unknown resistance and the range-selected precision stand: larg resistance. (The standard resistance is selected from the voltage-dividar pro. Cision resistor network described previously in paragraph 3.3.1.) The voltages for Phase 2 and Phase 3 are generated by the current, Ig, whose value is deter ‘mined by the series combination of the two resistances ©, The voltages connected to the A/D input are controled by the switeh closures of 06, 27, QB and 9, During Phese 1, C19 is charged to the value Vg + Vx by the closing of O6 and O9. The input to the A/D is zero becouse ‘ofthe closing of 9. During Phase 2, Q6 and 09 qpen, OB closes, and the input to the A/D is Vy. During Phase 3, QB opens, and Q7 closes connect ing the hgh side of C19 10 Vy. The low side of C19 is thus Vx ~ (Vx + Ve, for -Vg, and that value isthe input to the A/D. The dual stone integration dlgiti2es the ratio VigVg. But Vx = Ig “Ry. and Vg ~ Ig “Ag. s0 that the measured value isthe retio Ryg/Pig, a¢ required, 105 remains open for all P ncn 62 : nae as Y 7 Fig, 2, Resistance Measurement Signal Conditioning 39MODEL 248DMM_ 6. Figure 34 is simplified schomatic of the circuitry that generates the excitation voltage used for resistance measurement. The two pass transistors 1 and Q2 and diede CR1 are used to develop the nominal 3.5 volts to excite ‘the series input of reistance to be measured and range-telected precision stand- ‘ard resistance. The pase transistors provide 3 breakdown limit of 2 x 250V peak for protection of the specified 250 VRMS value, while FET transistor Q3 is connected as 2 voltage clamp on the input t0 Ot 3.4, TriPhasic A/D Convertor ‘8, The fold-out reference schematic identities the A/D cireuitry containing ‘active slements 23, 24, and 25, Amplifier 23 is connected at a programmable thin non-inverting amplifier, whose gui is determined by the switched com- ponents in the feedback circuit. In DGmA and in the 1 Range of DCV measure ment function the 18K and 2K resistors of the A1 network ste connected 2¢ a svn — roworotancncur | Fig. 2-4, Resistance Voltage ExcitationPRINCIPLES OF OPERATION voltage-divider to ground with # 1:10 feedeack ratio. Amplifier 24 is connected _asan integrator with C22 = 1J1F and the GOK resistor of network A? determining the charging current, Amplifier 25 ig connectod as a high sain comparator, sons: ing the polarity of the 24 output with respect to ground bb, During Phase 1, G11 ie closed, connecting the compacatar output to the {AID inpult and servoing any son20r0 signals generated in the sctive elements to charge capacitor C20 with a voltage balancing the non-zero effects. If the prior conversion is overload, disital lenic programmer 26 transmits the FC signal to ‘lose G12 and to provide a path from comparator output 10 the inteorator capaci tor, This ection delivers a high level charging current to reduce the remaining voltage on C2? ta zera before the start af Phave 2 6 During Phase 2, OB is closed, connecting the conditioned input to the A/D converter. If the messuring funetion is OCmA (any Rangel or DCY (Range 1) ‘then nominal full scale input will be 1OOm\ at che input to Z3. The gain around 3 will be 10:1, so that the integrating capacitor wil.be charged with the same current as for nominal 1¥ full scale inputs, Sealing for 100mV inputs then takes place by using she 1 VDC reterence voltage during Phase 3, 1. During Phase 3, OB opens, removing the conditioned signal inout, while the closing of 7 apniies a negative reterence, or of QS applies @ postive refer fence to the A/D converter. The reference magnitude is determined by the Func: tion Siviteh ancl Renge Switch selections m previously shown in Table 3-1. The charging path for C22 remains set up as for Phase 2, and the circuft reduces the volrage on C22 while the digital countor in 26 digitizes the measured valve Phase 3 lasts until comparator 28-7 indicates the 2er0 crossing of the C22 voltage bby 2 change in polarity of the 25-7 ouput. The comparator ousput change is sensed! in digital logic ZB and results in the generation af the Phase 1 contro! signal to stare the next conversion 3.5 ISOPOLAR REFERENCING 48. Figure 3-5 ise simplified sehamatie of the complete cicuit in the fold-out reference, The funetion Switch and Range Switch combinstion selects either +1.0.V oF + 0.1 V according to the canditions of Table 3-1 'b, During Phase 1, 06 and O89 are closed, charaing O19 to the 100mV oF 1V reference value. During Phase 2, i negative reference is required (postive con itioned input] O7 closes, placing the high side of C19 at ground level, AS 8 re sult, the negative side of C19 is negative by the magnitude of the voltage on C19. Ia positive reference required (negative conditioned inoutl, then Q5 is closed, connecting the positive rfarancs as input ta the A/D converter. aatMODEL 248DMM Fig, 5. lsopolar Reference Voltage Generation 3.6 DIGITAL LOGIC PROGRAMMER & MASTER OSCILLATOR 4, The digitel Logie programmer cireutry #¢ contained entirely on ons CMOS solid stete component, Z6. It contains (Fig. 36): 4 Decade Counter ond the MSD tliption Latching BCD Output Resistor Clock Generator ‘AIO Phese Signal Generator and Fast Charge Control Polarity and Overload Detection Losie b. In addition to the phase control signals described earlier, digital logic 26 ouruts the latched register BCD values series by cigit parallel by bit on 4 BCD output fines, The digit addrest for the BCD dota is indicated as a high fovel on ‘one of 4 paralle fines, while separata output lines indicated the binary value of the MSD {0 or 1), end the polarity (binary + oF ~). Tha binary overload cond ton is also indicated on a separate 26 output line. €. The master clock ascillator circuit containing resonator V1 oscillates at {400 khtz, This frequency is counted down by 4 to obtain a basic counting rete o! 100 kHz so that the carry from the 4-decade counter rapresents an interval of 100 milliseconds for Phase 1 and Phats 2 timing, An MSD dlvide-dy-two flip 342PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION flop at the output of the 4 decade counter is used to sense the MSD of 104 counts, and, when digitizing an overload input to the A/D, senses 2 X 104, from hich the blanking contral and FC contro! signals are developed. 1d. Decoder/Driver 27 receives the Istched auputs in BCD format, time multiolexed on 4 paalle ines euccestvely for egch of the four full deeades, I-converts these to appropriataseven-asgment aurpute far she LED alspiay igi. ©. Figuro 3-7 isa summary of the timing ralationships of the wavetorme ‘genoratad in Z6. Conditions for converting an in-range A/D positive input are shown in the upper portion and for an overlasd negative input in the ower portion of the illustration, ‘The SIGN outout of 26 is always produces; whe ‘ther the polarity is dispiayed is determined by an enabling sianal controlied by the setting of the front-panel Function Switch. 3.7 DISPLAY “The alsolay is assembled on & separate PC card. It contains the five disalay digits, including sign and decimal polnts, current limiting resistors for the seg ment drivers of the four full dacades, wansistor driver circuits for the most significant "1" (when appropriate), and for the polarity (plus or minus). Dit ‘address onabiing signals multiplex the full decade digits DS102, DS108, DS104, ‘and 0108; a conto signal from the main PC board assembly enables the polarity aisplay when in DCV or Doma measuring function. Range-selected contro! signals drive the decimal point in the appropriste decade through limiting resistors, 3.8 DG/DC CONVERTER & POWER SUPPLY 1m The DC/DC Converter is» switching reguiator type, triggered by @ 100 KHz pulse rain fear the digital programmer. Transistors Q17 and O18 switch th current through Lt and CRB. When Q17 is aff, the current in Lt continues to flow through CRE and cherees capacitor 627 and C28 'b. Amplifier 26 and cefarence zener OR7 are connected in voltage reau- lator eizeuit that results in a regulated +7.38V with respect to COM, Volt age divider notworks R31, A32, R33, R34, A36, F37 and R3S sre used to develop the +1V ane #0.1¥ reference levels for the Phase 3 A/D integra ton. R31 and R36 aro tha ealirating agjustmenss for these voltages, ‘e, Amplifier Z5 is connected at comparator in which the bsttery voltage level ie compared with a reference derived from the zener CR7 and the divider ‘network, For low battory lovple transistor O19 is turned on and off by the Phase 1 wavetarm, providing @ blinking signal for the decimal point at @ 2% per fecand! rate, corresponding to the conversion rats,MODEL 248DMM Fig. 36. Digital Logie Block Disgram aa4PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ae Eee PERSE SSE aes eg oT “aa 2 eet ear "dh XE REDE | "EM OKERTRERER RNR Fig. 2:7. Digital Logie Timing WaveformsMODEL 248DMM NOTESMAINTENANCE Chapter 4 MAINTENANCE 4.1 GENERAL CAUTION ‘Your Multimeter is covered by a one-year warranty and should be referred to the factory for maintenance within the war- ranty period. Attempts to make any extensive repairs within the warranty pariog may invalidate the warranty. If repairs are needed after the warranty period, only qualified technicians should attempt +0 affect such ropairs and should use tost instruments and standard calibrated within the accuracy ond tolerances ofthe specitiestions. 42 TROUBLESHOOTING FLOW CHART Should the meter performance indicate @ possible need for repaic, 2 well: defined strateny siould be used to isolate the cause of trouble. This is ius trated in Figure 41, It inidicates @ sequence of steps in torms of standard symbols and defines a program of actions based on @ philosophy of positive ‘maintananes, The positive approsch isolates to the faulty sections by verify Ing proper operacion of the remain strut sections 4.3 TEST POINTS “The test sequences identified in the chart of Figure 4-1 are described in step bby-stap detail in the paragraphe that follow. In performing the tests dotalled in ‘hese paragraphs, the meintenance technician is directod to mske measurements ‘at designated test points which have been placed at significant portions in the cireuit, The special test points are identified by E-reference numbers, anc their locations on the printed circuit board are shown in Figure 4.2. Other test points designated in the test procedure paragraphs may be pin terminals of circuit components, and technicians should refer to component data sheets for the pin terminal locations as well 9s to Figure 4-2. Use caution in attaching test leads te evoid secidental shorting of adjacent components, The use of EZ Mini Hook * or equivalent is suggested 10 aid in making good connections. atMAINTENANCE Fig, 62, Model 248 Main Assembly 43MODEL 248DmM 44 4.4 CLOSED-METER TESTS (FIELD MAINTENANCE) TS4-1 1. The first test sequence is performed with the “cased” meter. The sequence ie fully datailed in the illustration of Figure 4-3 The multimeter may exhibit eartain battery performance below rated characteristics that aro only temporary operational effects typical of battery ‘usage pattaens, Such below-soecifiation performance can be corrected easily and in a minimum of time, Memory. Ifthe meter is used in a series of repented partial charge and die: ‘charge eveies that use only o small portion of the available battery capacity, the battery will become conditioned to deliver only slightly more than normal end of-discharge voltage capecity when called on to parform in an extended dlecharoe evcle, Fig. 4-3, Test TS4-1, Closed Meter TestingMAINTENANCE To correct this condition, subject the battery to 2 deep discharge, and then recharge to full capacity. This will erase the "memory" pattern. Sustained Overcharge. If the moter is kept on “high voltage charge" for long periods of time without discharge interruptione, the battery may not deliver ‘normal voltage at the end of the first sustained dlcharge operation thereafver, To correct, proceed at far the memory effect described shove; discharge the battery, then recharge to full capacity 45 OPENMETER TEST/MAINTENANCE 4.5.4. General HH the multimeter does not perform correctly after the tests of TS4-1 are satisfactorily completed, then it is likely that repairs to an internal assembly re required. The sequence of such tests is indicated in the overall strategy of Fig: ure 4-1, and is identified by a TS number for further reference. Each test se ‘quence paragraph includes the designation of test points, the indicators of proper performance, the clcults that are checked when proper performance is observed, and the circuits that should be examined in greater datail when in dications of improper performance are recorded, Refer to the fold-out sche- rtic in the back of this manual for complete circuit details, and to Chapter 6 for replacement parts identification, 4.5.2 Removal of Mater Assembly from Case (Seo Figure 2-1] 1. The meter assembly is contained on one main PC board. To remove this board from the case (1.) Remove the battery module; (2) Remove the fastening serew from the case underside; (2) Carefully withdraw the meter assembly from the case through the front, Place on insulating surface, Major assembites are pointed out in Figure 44 b. To insure specified accurscy, the meter must be recalibrated each time it it removed and replaced in its case, See Chapter 2 for recalibration procedures. 4.5.3 Applying Powor to the Meter Assembly Power for the multimeter may be obtained by connections to the battery pack with jumpors as shown in Figure 4.8, Be sure that 2 fully charged battery peck is ‘vsilable for these trouble-shooting tert sequences, The battery charger may be connected after the battery has boon connected to the cirouitMODEL 248DMM WARNING ain the proper polarity relationships 6s shown in Figure 4-4, improper polerity connection, even if momentary, ‘may rasult in major component damage. The battery module should be connected before connacting the charger input because the battery acts as a necessary fitter for the charger circuit, ecanve ign sorosirive Fig. 44. Connecting Battery Module to Aasemply 46MAINTENANCE 46 TEST EQUIPMENT “Tost instruments and reterence standards needed for the trouble shooting ‘analysis should have the Following characteristics: Parameter Range ‘Accursey | Measure/Generate* MiG De Voltiwe | -10V 10 H0¥ 01% wis 1iH2 100mv ‘AcVoltage | t50KHe 1 VRMS tokHs 200vRMS | £0.1% wis 100 VRMS 1oVAMS | 1VAMS Timing Omitorcepe 6% Wovetorms | StiH2 Bv | Resistance | 010 10 £ 0.08% mic “Maura = indicates est instrument, Generate incites source instrument. 4.7 POWER SUPPLY TEST TS4-2 e. Gelect KLFunetion and 10M Range 'b. Check de vottages at points and in sequence shown in the tabular presonte~ tion below. Measurements should be made betwoon the indicated point ang case reference. The totter is easily available at the metal support bracket securing the isplay assembly 10 the main assembly PC board. See Figure 4-2 for designsted test point location and Figura 44 for the bracket location. ‘Test Point Measure Velue Indicated Propor-Funetioning Gireuit CRE-Cetnode —47.2V 10 +7.5V De/DC Converter Reterence Zener Bottery Negotive -7.1V to -6.8V Negotive Supoly Regulator ‘&. Ground the positive bettery electrode by momentarily connecting @ jumper from that electrade to COM input. Check to see that the display presents the blinking decimal point of a low battery condition while the bsttery is thus shorted, If satisfactory performance ie observed the 25 circuitry is functioning property. 47MODEL 248DMM o-© Fig. 4.5. Test 74-2, Power Supply Trouble Shooting 1. Check waveform at 6 pin 23, Proper functioning af master oscillator circuit (Y1) and countdown section of Z6 are indicated by observing 8 100kH? square wave at amplitude of 4V pep. @. Check swvitehing components Q16, 17, and Q18 for waveforms as shown below. —— ow a8MAINTENANCEMODEL 248DMM 48 DIGITAL Locic TS43 All the digital logic functions are essentially implemented in tiwo CMOS chips, 26 and 27. ‘The separate and sometimes indeoendent functions performed by these LSI circuits are checked as shown in Figure 4.8, Proceed at shown below. {A simpittied block diagram of 2-6 is shown in Figure 36.) 4.8.1 Time-Base Generation Check 100KHz Clock. Waveform at 26.23 should have 6.8V p-p amplitude |W nor, trace from origin at macter timing oscillator andi Z6, 4.8.2 Program Logie 4. Connect 26-10 to 26-6, Simulates overload input, b. Observe waveforms st Z6 outputs end compare with those ilustrated in Figure 4-7. If satistectory, thon 26 is funetioning properly 4.8.3 Decoder/Driver Logie 1. Obsorve display. If indication is of an overload input (blanked digits, then 27 function is partially checked. b. Short 24 to ground (end connect 27-7, 27-1, 27-2, and 2746 to 275 |-6.8V). This action simulates a zero value out of the counter of 24. Olntve Uiglay. 1 filkantun x 0000, 27 is functioning propel 4. Remove all shorting jumpers wn o TL ff a as eo | 26 slow ae 2-14 BORRHOM Figure 4.7. Program Logic Wavatorms 40MAINTENANCE 4.9 A/D CONVERTER & SIGNAL. CONDITIONERS TS 4-4 4.9.1 Anlog AID 12. Select DCV measuring function b, Connect 26-10 to 26-5 and synchronize oscilloscope to postive going edge of P1 waveform by connecting to Z6-13, Observe waveform development in 26 23 shown in Figure 3-7 4.9.2 AC/DC Signal Convertor 2. Select ACV function b. Apply 1OOmVRMS @ kHe 10 Vc Mi and Vx COM, 6, Observe woveform at output of 21-6 by placing scape at junction of R12 and 21-5 pin, Performance of Z1 ie satisfactory when ousput waveform is 10, tienes input. GL Check operation of AC/DC true rms converter 22 by obsorving output of 228, DC voltage at 22-8 should be 1 volt for 1VAC output of 21-8. Check ‘weveform shane to see thas crest factor is not exceoded if test generator output appears to be a complex waveform. anPARTS LIST Chapter 5 PARTS LIST (Replaceable Parts) REF SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Pant noe” ro TES NETWORK a8 1053 2 nes Nerwonk bran 1069 as Res network arasoo2 ator RES NETWORK, 1K, GPIN SIF 22741000 ‘3102, 104 Res NETWORK 20682 FIN SIP 2751000 anes Res NETWORK. a9661,6 10 SIP mr ra1008 A105 RES. NETWORK, 2K, 8 PIN SIP 2.751001 2 CAP. SOF. IRV. 10% 111900 610 CAP, 10-600F, VARIABLE 73810003, er CAP. 2700 TRY, 10% nitions ce xP. 1000ne. 1054, 58.OM0 maviooo e429 am, Noor ome 310002 cm. CaP. Sef, 10V. 0%, TANT pasro0s cis ab, 47U6, 260. 08, TANT pranios? aa CAP. 270pF. 5%, OMS 2381077 ow CAP, 309F., S00V. 5%, OME 23311005 cs CAP, S19F. s00V, 5%, OMS 22311008 ca. DIODE, IAOO8. De ooo crus 2109E, A1AU, 2£AMF, 250 be 102004 Gr, oR Biooe, Inaves 24 1000 crs DIODE, Av4U, SELECTED 2640-1154 beter POLARITY IROICATOR(3982 7796) 39227738 195103. ns108 SEVEN SEGMENT INDICATOR us tnoucToR. rm 25401003 aur TRANSISTOR VPSA93 je mans3 stMODEL 248DMM oar TRENETOR FET panier os, TRANSISTOR, FET pects t0he.02 oe TRANSISTOR, FET peas 1034.03 2, 08 TRANSISTOR FET, vELWHT — | 244e-101009 ow THANSISTOR, CHANNEL FET zeour on TRANSISTOR, Bvo8 peatsoo4 fT, oror-o106 TRANSISTOR 2nSEIE peaasete ons. 19 Thawsiston 23906 fa daaeoe one TRANSISTOR Uz23), pean. to7eo1 ow Theansiston, mss595 dress Ra RESISTOR. 16K. 10H. pooner oa RESISTOR, Yoor, WW, ox Groans fe RESISTOR. 12, 20% F9Y aor Be esisTOH TOOK. 205. Provo Fo, 20354344 mEsistOR tooK tae EX prenvexs aN RESISTOR S02, rRIM POT pen4800 Pag, 1 Resisrow ser Poa 1069 2 REGISTOR BETS 13194819) fesistOR 9K aR) mae Resistor. so0ft thle FOr reno: fa1.30.41 RESISTOR, 1082, 140, 5% one Po9, 28 Bisiston set draw ions AEsisTOR, 9k 29490) RESISTOR 1 078% (R38) RESTOR, $24 (RD) ris RESISTOR, soak? em, pronors rie RESISTOR 9361. 4¥, 5 rezaion nr RESISTOR, 6bm en ox 6.08 resistor. 200f2 THM POT dren! ee resisToR seal zest 1016-01 ras Resiston, oof) Peeswvene rae mesiston sf) Pees.t01003 far resistor, af 2ase.tors08 ry resistor 12. perenne, ey RESISTOR 2081, 09.5% Beevers RS RESISTOR, 470M, ws, 20%(ES OPT) | 22008777 2 poiten, Function Puacayts 7 Inet Gr Thoez 24400082 2 nr ext isi-cmos. arpoaie | ans tose 2A7NISSY CUYD AVTESIO