DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS:

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATIONS

! General Case
! Stiffness Coefficients
! Stiffness Coefficients Derivation
! Fixed-End Moments
! Pin-Supported End Span
! Typical Problems
! Analysis of Beams
! Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway
! Analysis of Frames: Sidesway

1
Slope Deflection Equations

i P j k
w
Cj

settlement = j

i P j
Mij w Mji

2
Degrees of Freedom

A B 1 DOF:
L

P

A
B
C
2 DOF: ,

3
Stiffness

kAA 1 kBA

A B
L

4 EI
k AA =
L
2 EI
k BA =
L

4
kAB kBB

A 1 B
L

4 EI
k BB =
L
2 EI
k AB =
L

5
Fixed-End Forces
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P

PL L/2 L/2 PL
8 8
L

P P
2 2

w
wL2 wL2
12 12
L
wL wL
2 2

6
General Case j k
i P
w
Cj

settlement = j

i P j
Mij w Mji

7
 i P j
Mij w
Mji
i
L settlement = j
j

4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
i + j = M Mji = i + j
L L ij
L L
j
i
+
(MFij) (MFji)

settlement = j
+
P
w
(MFij)Load (MFji)Load

4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
M ij = ( ) i + ( ) j + ( M F ij ) + ( M F ij ) Load , M ji = ( ) i + ( ) j + ( M F ji ) + ( M F ji ) Load 8
L L L L
Equilibrium Equations

i P j k
w
Cj

Mji Cj M
jk

Mji Mjk

+ M j = 0 : M ji M jk + C j = 0

9
Stiffness Coefficients

Mij i j Mji
L
j
i

4 EI
kii = 2 EI
L k ji = i
L
1

+
2 EI
kij = 4 EI
L k jj = j
L
1

10
Matrix Formulation

4 EI 2 EI
M ij = ( ) i + ( ) j + ( M F ij )
L L
2 EI 4 EI
M ji = ( ) i + ( ) j + ( M F ji )
L L

M ij (4 EI / L) ( 2 EI / L) iI M ij F
M = + M F
ji ( 2 EI / L ) ( 4 EI / L ) j ji

kii kij
[k ] =
k ji k jj

Stiffness Matrix

11
 i P j
Mij w
Mji
i [ M ] = [ K ][ ] + [ FEM ]
L
j j ([ M ] [ FEM ]) = [ K ][ ]

[ ] = [ K ]1[ M ] [ FEM ]
Mij Mji
j
i
Fixed-end moment
+ Stiffness matrix matrix
(MFij) (MFji)
[D] = [K]-1([Q] - [FEM])
+
P Displacement Force matrix
(MFij)Load w (MFji)Load matrix

12
Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Fixed-End Support
Mi i Mj

Real beam
i j
L
Mi + M j Mi + M j
L L
L/3 M jL Mj
2 EI EI
Conjugate beam
Mi
EI MiL
2 EI

MiL L M j L 2L From (1) and (2);

+ M 'i = 0 : ( )( ) + ( )( ) = 0
2 EI 3 2 EI 3 4 EI
Mi = ( ) i
M i = 2 M j (1) L
2 EI
MiL M L Mj =( ) i
+ Fy = 0 : i ( ) + ( j ) = 0 (2) L
2 EI 2 EI 13
Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Pinned-End Support
Mi
i
Real beam
i j
j
L
Mi Mi
L L
2L
3
Conjugate beam
Mi
EI MiL
i 2 EI j

M i L 2L MiL ML
+ M ' j = 0 : ( )( ) i L = 0 + Fy = 0 : ( ) ( i ) + j = 0
2 EI 3 3EI 2 EI
ML MiL
i = ( i ) j =( )
3EI 6 EI
MiL 3EI
i = 1 = ( ) Mi =
3EI L 14
Fixed end moment : Point Load
P Real beam Conjugate beam
A B

A L B
M M
M EI EI

M
EI ML
M 2 EI

M
ML EI
P 2 EI
PL2 PL PL2
16 EI 4 EI 16 EI

ML ML 2 PL2 PL
+ Fy = 0 : + = 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 16 EI 8 15
 P

PL PL
8 L 8
P P
P/2
2 2

P/2
PL/8

-PL/8 -PL/8

-
-PL/8 -PL/16

-
-PL/16
-PL/8
PL/4 PL PL PL PL
+ + =
+ 16 16 4 8
16
 Uniform load

w Real beam Conjugate beam

A B
A L B
M M
M EI EI

M
EI ML
M 2 EI

M
ML EI
2 EI
wL3 wL2 wL3
w 24 EI 8 EI 24 EI

ML ML 2 wL3 wL2
+ Fy = 0 : + = 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 24 EI 12 17
 Settlements
M
Mi = Mj Real beam Mj Conjugate beam EI
L
A B

Mi + M j
M
L Mi + M j
M EI
L

M
EI ML
ML
2 EI M
2 EI
M EI

ML L ML 2 L
+ M B = 0 : ( )( ) + ( )( ) = 0,
2 EI 3 2 EI 3
6 EI
M= 18
L2
Pin-Supported End Span: Simple Case
P w
B
A
L
2 EI 4 EI
4 EI 2 EI A + B
A + B L L
L L
A
B
A + B

P
w
(FEM)AB (FEM)BA

A B
M AB = 0 = (4 EI / L) A + (2 EI / L) B + ( FEM ) AB (1)

M BA = 0 = (2 EI / L) A + (4 EI / L) B + ( FEM ) BA ( 2)

2(2) (1) : 2 M BA = (6 EI / L) B + 2( FEM ) BA ( FEM ) BA

( FEM ) BA
M BA = (3EI / L) B + ( FEM ) BA
2 19
Pin-Supported End Span: With End Couple and Settlement
P w
MA
B
A
L
4 EI 2 EI 2 EI 4 EI
A + B A + B
L L L L
A
B
A P B
w
(MF AB)load (MF BA)load

A B
(MF (MF BA)
AB) B
A

4 EI 2 EI
M AB = M A = A + B + ( M AB
F
) load + ( M AB
F
) (1)
L L
2 EI 4 EI
M BA = A + B + ( M BA
F
)load + ( M BA
F
) (2)
L L
2(2) (1) 3EI 1 1 M
E lim inate A by : M BA = B + [( M BA
F
)load ( M AB F
)load ] + ( M BA
F
) + A
2 L 2 2 2 20
Fixed-End Moments
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P

PL L/2 L/2 PL
8 8

L/2 L/2 PL 1 PL 3PL

+ ( )[( )] =
8 2 8 16

wL2 wL2
12 12

wL2 1 wL2 wL2

+ ( )[( )] =
12 2 12 8
21
Typical Problem CB P2
P1 w

A C
B
L1 L2

wL2
PL P PL w wL2
12
8 8 12

L L

0
4 EI 2 EI PL
M AB = A + B + 0 + 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 EI
2 EI 4 PL
M BA = A + B + 0 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 2
4 EI 2 EI P2 L2 wL2
M BC = B + C + 0 + +
L2 L2 8 12
0 2
2 EI 4 EI P2 L2 wL2
M CB = B + C + 0 +
L2 L2 8 12
22
 CB P2
P1 w

A C
B
L1 L2

MBA CB M
BC

2 EI 4 EI PL
M BA = A + B + 0 1 1
L1 L1 8
2
4 EI 2 EI P L wL
M BC = B + C + 0 + 2 2 + 2
L2 L2 8 12

+ M B = 0 : C B M BA M BC = 0 Solve for B

23
 CB P2
P1 w
MBA
MAB
A C M
CB
B MBC
L1 L2

Substitute B in MAB, MBA, MBC, MCB

0
4 EI 2 EI PL
M AB = A + B + 0 + 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 EI
2 EI 4 PL
M BA = A + B + 0 1 1
L1 L1 8
0 2
4 EI 2 EI P2 L2 wL2
M BC = B + C + 0 + +
L2 L2 8 12
0 2
2 EI 4 EI P2 L2 wL2
M CB = B + C + 0 +
L2 L2 8 12

24
 CB P2
P1 w
MBA
MAB
MCB
A MBC C
Ay B Cy
L1 L2
By = ByL + ByR

B C
P1 P2
MBA MCB
MAB A B MBC

Ay ByL ByR Cy
L1 L2

25
Example of Beams

26
Example 1

Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative

deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN 6 kN/m

A C

4m 4m B 6m

27
 10 kN 6 kN/m

A C

4m 4m B 6m
PL P wL2 wL2
8 PL w
8 30 20
FEM
MBA MBC
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]

B
0
4 EI 2 EI (10)(8) + M B = 0 : M BA M BC = 0
M AB = A + B +
8 8 8
0 4 EI 4 EI (6)(6 2 )
2 EI 4 EI (10)(8) ( + ) B 10 + =0
M BA = A + B 8 6 30
8 8 8
2.4
0 B =
4 EI 2 EI (6)(6 2 ) EI
M BC = B + C +
6 6 30 Substitute B in the moment equations:
0 MAB = 10.6 kNm, MBC = 8.8 kNm
2 EI 4 EI (6)(6) 2
M CB = B + C
6 6 20 MBA = - 8.8 kNm, MCB = -10 kNm 28
 10 kN 6 kN/m
8.8 kNm
10.6 kNm C
A 10 kNm
8.8 kNm
4m 4m B 6m

MAB = 10.6 kNm, MBC = 8.8 kNm

MBA = - 8.8 kNm, MCB= -10 kNm 2m

10 kN 18 kN
6 kN/m
A B 8.8 kNm B
10.6 kNm
10 kNm
8.8 kNm
Ay = 5.23 kN ByL = 4.78 kN ByR = 5.8 kN Cy = 12.2 kN

29
 10 kN 6 kN/m
10.6 kNm 10 kNm
A C

5.23 kN 4m 4m B 6m 12.2 kN

4.78 + 5.8 = 10.58 kN

5.8
5.23
V (kN)
+ + x (m)
-
-
- 4.78

10.3 -12.2
M
(kNm) + x (m)
- - -
-10.6 -8.8 -10
2.4
B =
EI
Deflected shape x (m)
30
Example 2

Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative

deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN 6 kN/m

A C

4m 4m B 6m

31
 10 kN 6 kN/m

A C

4m 4m B 6m
PL P wL2 wL2
8 PL w
8 30 20
FEM
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM] 10
0 4 EI 2 EI (10)(8)
M AB = A + B + (1)
8 8 8 10
2 EI 4 EI (10)(8)
M BA = A + B (2)
8 8 8
4 EI 2 EI 0 (6)(6 2 )
M BC = B + C + (3)
6 6 30
2 EI 4 EI 0 (6)(6) 2
M CB = B + C (4)
6 6 20
6 EI
2(2) (1) : 2 M BA = B 30
8
3EI
M BA = B 15 (5)
8 32
 MBA MBC

B
4 EI (6)(6 2 ) Substitute A and B in (5), (3) and (4):
M BC = B + (3)
6 30
2
MBA = - 12.19 kNm
2 EI (6)(6)
M CB = B (4)
6 20 MBC = 12.19 kNm
3EI
M BA = B 15 (5) MCB = - 8.30 kNm
8
+ M B = 0 : M BA M BC = 0

3EI 4 EI (6)(6 2 )
( + ) B 15 + = 0 (6 )
8 6 30
7.488
B =
EI
4 EI 2 EI
Substitute B in (1) : 0 = A + B 10
8 8
23.74
A =
EI 33
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12.19 kNm
A C 8.30 kNm
12.19 kNm
4m 4m B 6m

MBA = - 12.19 kNm, MBC = 12.19 kNm, MCB = - 8.30 kNm

2m
10 kN 18 kN
6 kN/m
B
A B 12.19 kNm
C
8.30 kNm
12.19 kNm
Ay = 3.48 kN ByL = 6.52 kN ByR = 6.65 kN Cy = 11.35 kN

34
 10 kN 6 kN/m

A C

3.48 kN 4m 4m B 6m 11.35 kN

6.52 + 6.65 = 13.17 kN

6.65
V (kN) 3.48
x (m)

- 6.52
-11.35
14
M
(kNm) x (m)
-8.3
-12.2 7.49
B =
EI
Deflected shape x (m)
23.74
A = 35
EI
Example 3

Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative

deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN 4 kN/m

A C
2EI 3EI
B
4m 4m 6m

36
 10 kN 4 kN/m

A C
2EI 3EI
(10)(8)/8 (10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12 (4)(62)/12
4m 4m 6m

0 10
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) (10)(8)
M AB = A + B + (1)
8 8 8 10
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) (10)(8)
M BA = A + B (2)
8 8 15 8
2(2) (1) 3(2 EI ) (3 / 2)(10)(8)
: M BA = B ( 2a )
2 8 8
12
4(3EI ) (4)(6 2 )
M BC = B + (3)
6 12

37
 10 kN 4 kN/m

A C
2EI 3EI
(3/2)(10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12 (4)(62)/12
4m 4m 6m

15
3(2 EI ) (3 / 2)(10)(8)
M BA = B ( 2a )
8 8
12
2
4(3EI ) (4)(6 )
M BC = B + (3)
6 12

M BA M BC = 0 : 2.75EI B = 12 + 15 = 3
B = 1.091 / EI

3(2 EI ) 1.091
M BA = ( ) 15 = 14.18 kN m
8 EI
4(3EI ) 1.091
M BC = ( ) 12 = 14.18 kN m
6 EI
2(3EI )
M CB = B 12 = 10.91 kN m
6 38
 10 kN 4 kN/m

A C 10.91
2EI 14.18 14.18 3EI
B
4m 4m 6m

MBA = - 14.18 kNm, MBC = 14.18 kNm, MCB = -10.91 kNm

10 kN 24 kN
4 kN/m
A B 14.18 kNm
140.18 kNm 10.91 kNm
C
Ay = 3.23 kN ByL = 6.73 kN ByR = 12.55 kN Cy = 11.46 kN

39
 10 kN 4 kN/m

A C 10.91 kNm
2EI 3EI
3.23 kN B
4m 4m 6m 11.46 kN

6.77 + 12.55 = 19.32 kN

12.55
V (kN) 3.23 2.86
+ + x (m)
- -
-6.73 -11.46
12.91
M 5.53
(kNm) + + x (m)
- -
-10.91
-14.18
B = 1.091/EI
Deflected shape x (m)

40
Example 4

Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative

deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN 12 kNm 4 kN/m

A C
2EI 3EI
B
4m 4m 6m

41
 10 kN 12 kNm 4 kN/m

A C
2EI 3EI
1.5PL/8 = 15 B wL /12 = 12 wL2/12 = 12
2

4m 4m 6m

3(2 EI ) 0 -3.273/EI
M BA = B 15 (1) 4(2 EI ) 2(3EI ) (10)(8)
8 M AB = A + B +
4(3EI ) 8 8 8
M BC = B + 12 (2) 7.21
6 A =
EI
2(3EI )
M CB = B 12 (3) 3.273
6 M BA = 0.75 EI ( ) 15 = 17.45 kN m
12 kNm EI
MBA M BA 3.273
M BC = 2 EI ( ) + 12 = 5.45 kN m
EI
B MBC MBC 3.273
M CB = EI ( ) 12 = 15.27 kN m
EI
Jo int B : M BA M BC 12 = 0

(0.75 EI 15) (2 EI B + 12) 12 = 0

3.273
B = 42
EI
 3.273
M BA = 0.75EI ( ) 15 = 17.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M BC = 2 EI ( ) + 12 = 5.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M CB = EI ( ) 12 = 15.27 kN m
EI

10 kN 24 kN
4 kN/m
A B 5.45 kNm
17.45 kNm
15.27 kNm
C
2.82 kN 7.18 kN 10.36 kN 13.64 kN

10 kN 12 kNm 4 kN/m

A C 15.27 kNm
B
2.82 kN 13.64 kN
17.54 kN
43
 10 kN 12 kNm 4 kN/m

A C 15.27 kNm
2EI 3EI
2.82 kN B 7.21
17.54 kN 13.64 kN A =
4m 4m 6m EI
3.273
B =
10.36 EI

V (kN) 2.82
+ + 3.41 m x (m)
- -
-7.18
-13.64
11.28 7.98
M
(kNm) + + x (m)
- -5.45 -
-17.45 -15.27

Deflected shape x (m)

7.21 3.273
A = B =
EI EI
44
Example 5

Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative

deflected curve for the beam shown. Support B settles 10 mm, and EI is
constant. Take E = 200 GPa, I = 200x106 mm4.

10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kNm
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm
4m 4m 6m

45
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kNm
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm 6 EI
4m 4m 6m
6 EI A L2
L2 6 EI 6 EI
L2 L2

[FEM] C
B wL 2 B wL2
PL P PL w
8 8 30 30
[FEM]load
-12
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M AB = A + B + + (1)
8 8 82 8
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M BA = A + B + ( 2)
8 8 82 8
0
4(3EI ) 2(3EI ) 6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6 2 )
M BC = B + C 2
+ (3)
6 6 0 6 30
2(3EI ) 4(3EI ) 6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6) 2
M CB = B + C 2
(4)
6 6 6 30 46
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kNm
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm
4m 4m 6m

4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)

M AB = A + B + + (1)
8 8 82 8
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) 6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M BA = A + B + ( 2)
8 8 82 8
Substitute EI = (200x106 kPa)(200x10-6 m4) = 200x200 kN m2 :

4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI )
M AB = A + B + 75 + 10 (1)
8 8
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI )
M BA = A + B + 75 10 (2)
8 8
16.5
2(2) (1) 3(2 EI )
: M BA = B + 75 (75 / 2) 10 (10 / 2) 12 / 2 (2a )
2 8
47
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kNm
B
A C
2EI 3EI
10 mm
4m 4m 6m

MBA = (3/4)(2EI)B + 16.5

MBC = (4/6)(3EI)B - 192.8

+ MB = 0: - MBA - MBC = 0 (3/4 + 2)EIB + 16.5 - 192.8 = 0

MBA MBC B = 64.109/ EI

Substitute B in (1): A = -129.06/EI
B
Substitute A and B in (5), (3), (4):
MBA = 64.58 kNm,

MBC = -64.58 kNm

MCB = -146.69 kNm

48
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kNm
B
C 146.69 kNm
A
64.58 kNm 64.58 kNm

4m 4m 6m

MBA = 64.58 kNm,

MBC = -64.58 kNm

MCB = -146.69 kNm 2m

10 kN 18 kN
12 kNm
64.58 kNm 6 kN/m
64.58 kNm
A B 146.69 kNm
B C

Ay = 11.57 kN ByL = -1.57 kN ByR = -29.21 kN Cy = 47.21 kN

49
 10 kN 6 kN/m
12 kNm

A C 146.69 kNm
2EI 3EI
11.57 kN B
4m 6m 47.21 kN
4m
A = -129.06/EI
1.57 + 29.21 = 30.78 kN B = 64.109/ EI
V (kN) 11.57
1.57
+ x (m)
-
-29.21
-47.21
58.29 64.58
12
M
+ x (m)
(kNm)
-

-146.69
Deflected shape x (m)
10 mm
A = -129.06/EI B = 64.109/ EI 50
Example 6

For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the slope-deflection
method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape. (3 points)
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

12 kNm
6 kN/m
B A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m

51
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
B A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
6 kN/m
6(32 )
= 4.5 4.5
12
C MFw A
6(1.5 200 50)(0.01) C
32
0.01 m
= 100 kN m 100 kN m
MF
A
4(2 EI )
M CB = C (1)
3
4(1.5EI ) 2(1.5 EI )
M CA = C + A + 4.5 + 100 (2)
3 3
12
2(1.5EI ) 4(1.5 EI )
M AC = C + A 4.5 + 100 (3)
3 3
2(2) (2) 3(1.5EI ) 3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA = C + + + ( 2a )
2 3 2 2 2 52
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m

4(2 EI )
M CB = C (1)
3
3(1.5 EI ) 3(4.5) 100 12
M CA = C + + + ( 2a )
3 2 2 2
Equilibrium equation:
MCB MCA
M CB + M CA = 0
(8 + 4.5) EI 3(4.5) 100 12
C C + + + =0
3 2 2 2
15.06
C = = 0.0015 rad
EI
Substitute C in eq.(3) 2(1.5 EI ) 15.06 4(1.5 EI )
12 = ( )+ A 4.5 + 100 (3)
3 EI 3
34.22
A = = 0.0034 rad
EI 53
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m

15.06 34.22
C = = 0.0015 rad A = = 0.0034 rad
EI EI
2(2 EI ) 2( 2 EI ) 15.06
M BC = C = ( ) = 20.08 kN m
3 3 EI
4(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) 15.06
M CB = C = ( ) = 40.16 kN m
3 3 EI
20.08 kNm 40.16 kNm
B C
40.16 + 20.08
20.08 kN = 20.08 kN
3
18 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
40.16 kNm
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
54
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
C = 0.0015 rad B
A
C 1.5EI 10 mm
A = 0.0034 rad 2EI
3m 3m
20.08 kNm 40.16 kNm
B C
20.08 kN 20.08 kN 12 kNm
6 kN/m
40.16 kNm
C A
26.39 kN 8.39 kN
V (kN) 26.39
+ 8.39
x (m)
-

M (kNm) -20.08
20.08 12
x (m)

-40.16
Deflected shape C = 0.0015 rad
x (m)
A = 0.0034 rad 55
Example 7

For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the

slope-deflection method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape.
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m

56
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
C EI C C
B C C 6(1.5 EI ) C
4 EI C = EI C
2
3 6 kN/m A 3
6( 2 EI ) C 4 EI C
= 6(32 )
3 2
3 4.5 = 4.5
C A 12
100 C
2(2 EI ) 4 EI 6(1.5 200 50)(0.01)
M BC = C C (1) 0.01 m
3 3 32
4(2 EI ) 4 EI A = 100 kN m
M CB = C C (2)
3 3
4(1.5 EI ) 2(1.5EI )
M CA = C + A + EI C + 4.5 + 100 (3)
3 3
12
2(1.5 EI ) 4(1.5 EI )
M AC = C + A + EI C 4.5 + 100 (4)
3 3
2(3) (4) 3(1.5 EI ) EI 3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA = C + C + + + (3a) 57
2 3 2 2 2 2
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
Equilibrium equation: 18 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
MBC MCB MCA
B C C A
Ay
By M BC + M CB M + 12 + 18(1.5) M CA + 39
(C y ) CB = ( ) (C y ) CA = CA =
3 3 3
MCB MCA
M C = 0 : M CB + M CA = 0 (1*)
C y = 0 : (C y ) CB + (C y ) CA = 0 (2*)
C
(Cy)CB (Cy)CA

Substitute in (1*) 4.167 EI C 0.8333EI C = 62.15 (5)

Substitute in ( 2*) 2.5 EI C + 3.167 EI C = 101.75 (6)
From (5) and (6) C = 25.51 / EI = 0.00255 rad C = 52.27 / EI = 5.227 mm 58
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
3m 3m
Solve equation
25.51 Substitute C and C in (1), (2) and (3a)
C = = 0.00255 rad
EI
52.27 M BC = 35.68 kN m
C = = 5.227 mm
EI M CB = 1.67 kN m
Substitute C and C in (4) M CA = 1.67 kN m
2.86
A = = 0.000286 rad
EI
12 kNm
6 kN/m
35.68 kNm B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 18(4.5) 12 35.68
B y = 18 5.55 Ay =
3m 3m 6
= 12.45 kN = 5.55 kN
59
 12 kNm
6 kN/m
35.68 kNm B
A
2EI C 1.5EI 10 mm
12.45 kN 5.55 kN
3m 3m

V (kN) 12.45 0.925 m

C = 0.00255 rad +
x (m)
C = 5.227 mm
-5.55
A = 0.000286 rad
M (kNm) 14.57 12
1.67 +
x (m)
-

-35.68
Deflected shape C = 5.227 mm
x (m)
C = 0.00255 rad
A = 0.000286 rad
60
Example of Frame: No Sidesway

61
Example 6

For the frame shown, use the slope-deflection method to

(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.

10 kN 12 kN/m

C
B 2EI
3m
3EI
40 kN

3m
A

1m 6m

62
 10 kN 36/2 = 18 12 kN/m
Equilibrium equations
C
10
B 36 2EI 2
3m PL/8 = 30 (wL /12 ) =36 MBC
3EI
40 kN MBA
3m
A PL/8 = 30 10 M BA M BC = 0 (1*)

1m 6m Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

10 3EI B + 30 54 = 0
Slope-Deflection Equations
14 4.667
2(3EI ) B = =
M AB = B + 30 (1) (3EI ) EI
6
4.667
4(3EI ) Substitute B = in (1) to (3)
M BA = B 30 (2) EI
6
M AB = 25.33 kN m
3( 2 EI )
M BC = B + 36 + 18 (3) M BA = 39.33 kN m
6
M BC = 49.33 kN m
63
 10 kN 12 kN/m 20.58
C
10 -39.3
B 49.33 2EI -49.33
3m 39.33
3EI MAB = 25.33 kNm 27.7
40 kN

3m MBA = -39.33 kNm

A 25.33 -25.33
MBC = 49.33 kNm
1m 6m Bending moment diagram
12 kN/m
B
B C
49.33
B = -4.667/EI
B
B 39.33 27.78 kN

40 kN

A 17.67 kN
Deflected curve
25.33 64
Example 7

Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams and qualitative

deflected curve for the frame shown. E = 200 GPa.

25 kN
5 kN/m
B E
240(106) mm4 C 180(106)

5m
120(106) mm4 60(106) mm4

A D
3m 3m 4m

65
 25 kN
5 kN/m
PL/8 = 18.75 18.75
B E
240(106) mm4 C 180(106)
6.667+ 3.333 (wL2/12 ) = 6.667
5m
120(106) mm4 60(106) mm4

A D
3m 3m 4m
0
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI )
M AB = A + B
5 5 M BA + M BC = 0
0
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI )
M BA = A + B 8 16 8
5 5 ( + ) EI B + ( ) EI C = 18.75 (1)
5 6 6
4( 4 EI ) 2(4 EI )
M BC = B + C + 18.75
6 6 M CB + M CD + M CE = 0
2(4 EI ) 4(4 EI ) 8 16 3 9
M CB = B + C 18.75 ( ) EI B + ( + + ) EI C = 8.75 (2)
6 6 6 6 5 4
3( EI )
M CD = C 5.29 2.86
5 From (1) and (2) : B = C =
EI EI
3(3EI )
M CE = C + 10 66
4
Substitute B = -1.11/EI, c = -20.59/EI below

4(2 EI ) 0 2(2 EI ) MAB = 4.23 kNm

M AB = A + B
5 5
0
2(2 EI ) 4(2 EI ) MBA = 8.46 kNm
M BA = A + B
5 5
4( 4 EI ) 2(4 EI ) MBC = 8.46 kNm
M BC = B + C + 18.75
6 6
2(4 EI ) 4(4 EI ) MCB = 18.18 kNm
M CB = B + C 18.75
6 6
3( EI ) MCD = 1.72 kNm
M CD = C
5
3(3EI ) MCE = 16.44 kNm
M CE = C + 10
4

67
 MAB = -4.23 kNm, MBA = -8.46 kNm, MBC = 8.46 kNm, MCB = -18.18 kNm,
MCD = 1.72 kNm, MCE = 16.44 kNm
20 kN
25 kN
16.44 kNm
2.54 kN B 3m 3m C 2.54 kN 2.54-0.34 C E 2.2 kN

8.46 kNm =2.2 kN

18.18 kNm
(25(3)+8.46-18.18)/6 14.12 kN (20(2)+16.44)/4 5.89 kN
= 10.88 kN = 14.11 kN

10.88 kN 14.12+14.11=28.23 kN
8.46 kNm 1.72 kNm
B B (1.72)/5 = 0.34 kN
(8.46 + 4.23)/5
= 2.54 kN
5m 5m

A 2.54 kN A 0.34 kN
4.23 kNm
10.88 kN 28.23 kN
68
 24.18
14.11 1.29 m 2.33 m
10.88
1.18 m +
+ 0.78 m 3.46
+
1.72 +
-2.54 -
2.82 m -8.46 -
- -
-5.89 -8.46 - 1.18 m
- -14.12 -16.44
+
-18.18

1.67m
-2.54 0.34 + Moment diagram
4.23

Shear diagram
1.29 m 2.33 m
0.78 m

B = 5.29/EI 1.18 m

C = 2.86/EI
1.67m

Deflected curve 69
Example of Frames: Sidesway

70
Example 8

Determine the moments at each joint of the frame and draw the quantitative
bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve . The joints at A and
D are fixed and joint C is assumed pin-connected. EI is constant for each member

3m
B C
1m
10 kN

3m

A D

71
 Overview
C Unknowns
B
1m
10 kN B and

Boundary Conditions
3m
MDC A = D = 0
MAB
A Ax D D
x Equilibrium Conditions
3m
- Joint B
Ay Dy
B

MBA MBC

M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

- Entire Frame
+
Fx = 0 : 10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
72
 MAB
(0.375EI)
B C
1m B C
10 kN (0.375EI) 10 kN
(5.625)load
4m 4m
3m
(1.875)load (1/2)(0.375EI)
(0.375EI) A D
A D Ax Dx
(0.375EI)
3m

Slope-Deflection Equations MBA MDC

5.625 0.375EI
2( EI ) 10(3)(1 ) 6 EI
2
+ M B = 0 :
M AB = B + + 2 (1)
4 42 4 ( M AB + M BA )
5.625 0.375EI Ax =
4( EI ) 10(3 )(1) 6 EI
2 4
M BA = B + 2 (2) Ax = 0.375EI B + 0.1875EI + 1.563 (5)
4 42 4
3( EI )
M BC = B (3)
3 + M C = 0 :
1 M DC
M DC = 0.375EI 0.375EI = 0.1875EI (4) Dx = = 0.0468EI (6)
2 4 73
 Equilibrium Conditions: Solve equation

M BA + M BC = 0 (1*) Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
2EI B + 0.375EI = 5.625 ----(7)
Slope-Deflection Equations: Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)
2( EI )
M AB = B + 5.625 + 0.375EI (1) 0.375EI B 0.235EI = 8.437 (8)
4
4( EI )
M BA = B 5.625 + 0.375EI (2) From (7) and (8) can solve;
4
3( EI ) 5.6 44.8
M BC = B (3) B = =
3 EI EI

M DC = 0.1875EI (4) 5.6 44.8

Substitute B = and = in (1)to (6)
EI EI

Horizontal reaction at supports: MAB = 15.88 kNm

Ax = 0.375EI B + 0.1875EI + 1.563 (5) MBA = 5.6 kNm
MBC = -5.6 kNm
Dx = 0.0468EI (6) MDC = 8.42 kNm
Ax = 7.9 kN
Dx = 2.1 kN
74
 B C
1m MAB = 15.88 kNm, MBA = 5.6 kNm,
10 kN
5.6 MBC = -5.6 kNm, MDC = 8.42 kNm,
Ax = 7.9 kN, Dx = 2.1 kN,
3m
15.88 8.42
A 7.9 kN D 2.1 kN
3m

5.6 = 44.8/EI = 44.8/EI

5.6 C C
B B
7.8 B = -5.6/EI

A 15.88 D A D
8.42
Bending moment diagram Deflected curve 75
Example 9

From the frame shown use the slope-deflection method to:

(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.

B C pin
2 EI
10 kN
EI 2.5 EI 4m
2m
A D
4m 3m

76
 Overview
C
B 2EI CD Unknowns
BC
B C B and
10 kN
EI 2.5EI 4m Boundary Conditions
2m MDC
MAB
A Ax Dx A = D = 0
D
Ay Dy
4m 3m Equilibrium Conditions
- Joint B
B

MBA MBC

M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

- Entire Frame
+
Fx = 0 : 10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
77
 Slope-Deflection Equation
C
B CD = / cos 36.87 = 1.25
5 BC
C
B 2EI C CD
10 kN 36.87 BC = tan 36.87 = 0.75
EI 2.5EI 4m 36.87
2m C
PL/8 = 5 D
A
4m 3m 2( EI )
M AB = B + 0.375EI + 5 (1)
0.375EI 4
(6)(2.5EI)(1.25)/(5)2 = 0.75EI
4( EI )
B C M BA = B + 0.375EI 5 (2)
4
CD= 1.25
B C 3(2 EI )
M BC = B 0.2813EI (3)
4
M DC = 0.375EI (4)
A
D
0.75EI (1/2) 0.75EI
6EI/(4) 2= 0.375EI
C (6)(2EI)(0.75)/(4) 2 = 0.5625EI
0.5625EI
B BC= 0.75
B C
(1/2) 0.5625EI
78
 Horizontal reactions
B 2 EI pin
C
10 kN
EI 2.5 EI 4m
2m
A D
4m 3m

MBC B C
MBA
MBC
B
MBC 4
10 kN
4
C
A Ax = (MBA+ MAB-20)/4 -----(5)
MAB Dx= (MDC-(3/4)MBC)/4 ---(6)
D
MDC
MBC/4 79
 Equilibrium Conditions: Solve equations

M BA + M BC = 0 (1*) Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
2.5EI B + 0.0938 EI 5 = 0 (7)

Slope-Deflection Equation: Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)

2( EI ) 6 EI 0.0938EI B + 0.334EI 5 = 0 (8)
M AB = B + 5 + 2 (1)
4 4
4( EI ) 6 EI From (7) and (8) can solve;
M BA = B 5 + 2 (2)
4 4 1.45 14.56
3(2 EI ) 3(2 EI )(0.75) B = =
M BC = B (3) EI EI
2
4 4
1.45 14.56
3(2.5EI )(1.25) Substitute B = and = in (1)to (6)
M DC = ( 4) EI EI
52
Horizontal reactions at supports: MAB = 15.88 kNm
( M BA + M AB 20) MBA = 5.6 kNm
Ax = (5) MBC = -5.6 kNm
4
MDC = 8.42 kNm
3
M DC M BC Ax = 7.9 kN
Dx = 4 (6) Dx = 2.1 kN
4 80
 1.91 MAB = 11.19 kNm
B 2 EI pin MBA = 1.91 kNm
1.91
C MBC = -1.91 kNm
10 kN
4m MDC = 5.46 kNm
EI 2.5 EI
2m 5.46 Ax = 8.28 kNm
11.19 kNm
A 8.27 kN 1.73 Dx = 1.72 kNm
D
0.478 kN 0.478 kN
4m 3m

1.91 B=1.45/EI
B B
1.91 C C

5.35 B=1.45/EI
5.46
A 11.19 A
D D

Bending-moment diagram Deflected shape

81
Example 10

From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected curve.

20 kN/m 3m
B pin
C
3EI

3m 2EI
4EI 4m

A
D

82
 Overview
Unknowns
B
B and
20 kN/m C
3EI
Boundary Conditions
3m 2EI 4EI A = D = 0
4m
Equilibrium Conditions

A - Joint B
[FEM]load D B
3m
MBA MBC

M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

- Entire Frame
+
Fx = 0 : 60 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
83
 Slope-Deflection Equation
3m
B B C
20 kN/m C 6(2EI)/(3)
2

3EI = 1.333EI 1.5EI

wL2/12 = 15
3m 2EI 4EI
4m
wL2/12 = 15 6(2EI)/(3) 2
= 1.333EI 6(4EI)/(4) 2
A A = 1.5EI
[FEM]load D (1/2)(1.5EI)
[FEM]
0 D
4(2 EI ) 2(2 EI )
M AB = A + B + 15 + 1.333EI = 1.333EI B + 15 + 1.333EI ----------(1)
3 3
0
2( 2 EI ) 4(2 EI )
M BA = A + B 15 + 1.333EI = 2.667 EI B 15 + 1.333EI ----------(2)
3 3
3(3EI )
M BC = B = 3EI B ----------(3)
3
0
3( 4 EI )
M DC = D + 0.75 EI = 0.75 EI ----------(4)
4
84
 Horizontal reactions

MAB

C
B + M B = 0 :
1.5 m M BA + M AB + 60(1.5)
60 kN Ax =
4m 3
Ax = 1.333EI B + 0.889 EI + 30 (5)
1.5 m
A
Ax D Dx + MC = 0:
MDC M DC
MBA Dx = = 0.188EI (6)
4

85
 Equilibrium Conditions Solve equation

M BA + M BC = 0 (1*) Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

60 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
5.667 EI B + 1.333EI = 15 (7)

Equation of moment Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)

M AB = 1.333EI B + 15 + 1.333EI (1) 1.333EI B 1.077 EI = 30 (8)

M BA = 2.667 EI B 15 + 1.333EI (2)

From (7) and (8), solve equations;
5.51 34.67
M BC = 3EI B (3) B = =
EI EI
M DC = 0.75 EI ( 4) 5.51 34.67
Substitute B = and = in (1)to (6)
EI EI
Horizontal reaction at support M AB = 53.87 kN m
M BA = 16.52 kN m
Ax = 1.333EI B + 0.889 EI + 30 (5) M BC = 16.52 kN m
M DC = 26.0 kN m
Dx = 0.188EI (6)
Ax = 53.48 kN
Dx = 6.52 kN 86
 B 3m
C
M AB = 53.87 kN m
20 kN/m 16.52 kNm
M BA = 16.52 kN m
3m M BC = 16.52 kN m
53.87 kNm 4m M DC = 26.0 kN m

53.48 kN Ax = 53.48 kN
A 26 kNm Dx = 6.52 kN
5.55 kN D
6.52 kN
5.55 kN
16.52
16.52 C
B C B

53.87
A A
26. Deflected shape
Moment diagram 87
D D