PHN GII THIU

L do chn ti:
H thng thng tin lin lc ca Trm Radar- Thng tin Vng Chua Quy Nhn l
mt phn trong h thng lin lc hng khng ca Vit Nam, gp phn gi thng
sut lin lc, m bo an ninh hng khng.

H thng Thng tin VHF ang c vn hnh ti Trm Radar Vng Chua
Quy Nhn l mt trong nhng h thng ph bin v hin i gip ta m bo c
cc nhim v .

Sau mt thi gian c tham quan v tip xc thc t ti y, em chn

nghin cu thit b my thu Park Air T6R Mk6 VHF multimode.

Phng php tin hnh ti:

Vn dng kin thc hc cng vi vic tham quan thc t, di s ch dn
ca cc cn b, k s cng tc ti i, kt hp vi cc ti liu chuyn ngnh ti y
gip em hiu hn v chc nng, nhim v ca cc khi cng nh h thng VHF
ni chung v c th th l my thu T6R ni ring.

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 Tn hiu u vo gm:
Tn hiu chn my chnh ph, PTT(Key my),thoi.
Tn hiu cao tn( iu ch AM) n u vo my thu t anten.
Tn hiu ra:
Tn hiu thoi,tn hiu squelch(bo my thu ang thu tn hiu).
Tn hiu cao tn t u ra my pht n anten.
Thit b ph tr gm:
Encoder v Decoder: Dng ghp v gii ghp cc tn hiu
voice+PTT+chn my chnh ph+squelch n truyn trn mt knh
truyn khi controller(kim sot khng lu) xa h thng VHF.
Role RF 12v dc:dng chn my chnh ph v chuyn ch thu
pht.
Ngun AC v dc (24v):cung cp cho my thupht VHF.

1.2 Khi controller gn thit b VHF:

2
 Hnh 5: Cch thc lin lc gia Controller v Pilot khi Controller gn thit
b VHF

trng thi bnh thng h thng VHF trng thi sn sng thu .
Controller to Pilot (K4->K1->K3):

Khi kim sot vin mun lin lc vi phi cng th kim sot vin nhn
nt KEY(PTT)khi thit b vccs to v a tn hiu PTT n h thng VHF.Lc
my pht VHF s chuyn sang ch pht ng thi tn hiu thoi ca kim sot
vin khng lu cng c a vo my pht.Tn hiu cao tn u ra my pht s
c a n anten bc x ra khng trung n my bay .
Pilot to Controller (K3->K2->K4):

Khi phi cng cn lin lc vi kim sot vin di mt t .Phi cng

trn my bay pht tn hiu (AM ) .khi my thu VHF s thu c tn hiu
(AM)v a ra tn hiu thoi v tn hiu squelch.tn hiu ny s c vccs
chuyn n cho kim sot vin khng lu.

1.3 Khi Controller xa h thng VHF:

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 Lc ny truyn tn hiu i xa c ta dng thm cc thit b truyn dn nh
hnh v sau:

Hnh 6: Cch thc lin lc gia Controller v Pilot khi Controller xa

hthng VHF.
1. Nguyn l hot ng My Thu Pht VHF
1.1 My pht:

Hnh 7: S khi chc nng ca my pht VHF AM

Tin khuch i m tn:C nhim v khuch i in p tn hiu in

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 p vo n mc cn thit a vo tng khuch i cng sut m tn
(KCSAT). V i vi my pht AM th bin in p m tn yu cu
ln c iu ch su nn tng ny thng c tng khuch i micro
v khuch i in p mc cao.

Khuch i cng sut m tn (KCSAT):C nhim v khuch i tn

hiu n mc ln tin hnh iu ch tn hiu cao tn.
Tin khuch i cao tn:C th c dng nhn tn s hoc khuch
i dao ng cao tn n mc cn thit kch thch cho tn cng sut
lm vic.N cn c nhim v m, lm gim nh hng ca cc tng sau
n n nh tn s ca khi to dao ng. V vy n c th c nhiu
tng: tng m, tng nhn tn, tng tin khuch i cng sut cao tn.
Khuch i cng sut cao tn (KCSCT):Thc hin iu ch AM, c
nhim v to ra cng sut cn thit theo yu cu cng sut ra ca my
pht. Cng sut ra yu cu cng ln th s tng khuch i trong khi
KCSCT cng nhiu.
Khi to dao ng (khi ch sng):C nhim v to ra dao ng cao
tn (sng mang) ng bng tn s lm vic ca my pht VHF, c bin
v tn s n nh, c tm bin i tn s rng.
Mch lc: phi hp tr khng gia KCSCT v antena c cng
sut pht ti u.
Thit b an ton v lm ngui:L thnh phn m bo cho thit b hot
ng n nh, an ton, c bit l trong cc h thng my pht c cng
sut ln.
Ngun cung cp:Ngun cung cp in p phi c cng sut ln cung
cp cho Transistor hoc n in t cng sut.
Anten:Dng bc x nng lng cao tn ca my pht thnh sng in
t truyn i trong khng gian. Mch ra phi hp tr khng v anten
c cng sut ra ti u, ng thi lc cc hi bc cao, khng nh hng
n cc i xung quanh.

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2.2 My thu:
S tng qut ca my thu VHF iu ch AM gm cc khi c bn sau:

Hnh 8: S khi my thu VHF AM

B khuch i cao tn (KCT): dng khuch i tn hiu cao tn thu
c t anten nhm mc ch lm tng t s S/N v cung cp tn hiu n
b trn tn.
B to dao ng ngoi sai: t dao ng to ra tn hiu trung tn cung
cp cho b trn tn thc hin iu ch.
B trn tn: thc hin iu ch hai tn hiu m tn t u ra b KAT
v tn hiu dao ng trung tn t u ra ca b dao ng to tn hiu
trung tn to ra tn hiu trung tn c iu ch bin , cung cp n
b KTT.
B khuch i trung tn (KTT): dng khuch i tn hiu trung tn
to ra b khuch i theo yu cu ca my thu v n nh cao.
B tch sng: tch ly tn hiu m tn ra khi tn hiu trung tn v
a n b khuch i m tn.
B khuch i m tn: dng khuch i tn hiu m tn c cng sut
ln theo yu cu thc hin vic pht ra loa.
Mch AGC: to ra mc tn hiu u ra khng b thay i do hin
tng pha nh v cc nguyn nhn khc.

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Chng 3: THIT B VFF MY THU PARK AIR T6R Mk6 VHF
MULTIMODE

1. Gii thiu:
The Park Air T6R Mk6 VHF multimode receiver.
Mc ch:

My thu a ch The Park Air T6R Mk6 VHF (Hnh 1-1) c thit k s
dng trong cc mi trng mt t c nh nh sn bay v cc trung tm dn
ng. Cc my thu hot ng thoi v ICAO quy nh ch d liu tn s gia
118 v 136,975 MHz cho cc m hnh chun, v gia 112 v 155,975 MHz cho m
hnh tn s m rng. Da vo phn mm c ci t sn vo i pht thanh, ch
hot ng c th c la chn nh sau:

AM-thoi (ch tiu chun y )

Phn mm ny cung cp m thanh thng qua 4 dy E & M, E1 hoc VoIP. N cung
cp SNMP thng qua Ethernet, v MARC qua RS232, RS422, E1 v Ethernet. Lu
rng phn mm c Cu hnh ng dng ty chnh VoIP (VCA) c yu cu phi
nhp cc thng s ci t cho hot ng VoIP.
VDL Mode 2 (ty chn).

Hnh 9: My thu a ch The Park Air T6R Mk6 VHF

Mu v cc thng s:
Bng sau y xc nh cc loi my thu:

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 Khong cch
M t M s th t Di tn s
knh
My thu c
ph tn s chun 118 to 136.975 25 kHz or 8.33
B6100/IP/NB
Park Air T6R MHz kHz
Mk6
My thu c
ph tn s m 112 to 155.975 25 kHz or 8.33
B6100/IP/WB
rng Park Air MHz kHz
T6R Mk6

Bng 1: Thng s cc loi my thu

Cc thit b sau y c cung cp vi mi my thu:

B ni dng T6, m s 70-T6VUCUST, b ni ngun ac v dc , b
ni RF v mt thit b kt ni.
a CD c cha ti liu cho ngi s dng radio nh dng tng
tc Adobe Acrobat format.

Ph kin:
Mt ng dng bo tr giao din o v mt ng dng tinh chnh cu hnh
VoIP c sn mua v c trnh by chi tit bn di.
ng dng bo tr Virtual Front Panel:
M s 70-T6000VFP.
Phn mm ng dng ty chn duy tr giao din o(VFP) c cung cp trn
a CD tng thch vi mi PC hoc laptop chy Windows XP, Windows
Vista or Windows 7. VFP cho php chnh sa cc ci t v thng tin
knh ca radio, n th hin trng thi BIT hin ti, th hin lch s BIT, cho

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php ci t kha bo mt, v cung cp cc tin ch bo tr. S dng VFP c
rt nhiu li th trong vic ci t radio t giao din; bao gm:

Thng tin v cc thit lp hot ng v knh thng tin c th c to

ra, c lu tr trn a, v sau nh li ti vo radio khc.
S dng VFP c th thc hin in thng tin v Radio.
Giao din qun l c th kha c. Vic kha bo mt ch c th
thc hin khi s dng VFP.
Phn mm c h tr thm dy cp a kt ni 9 chu loi D (m s
17E16000001) cho vic kt ni RS232 n vi giao din ca radio.
VoIP Configurator Application (VCA)- ng dng tinh chnh cu
hnh VCA:
M s T6VCA.
Phn mm ng dng ty chn tinh chnh cu hnh VoIP (VCA) c cung
cp trn CD tng thch vi bt k my tnh hoc my tnh xch tay chy
Windows XP , Windows Vista hoc Windows 7 . Giao din ngi
dng cho ng dng ny l tng t nh cc VFP. N cho php ngi s
dng khi phc, lu v ti cc ci t VoIP. Mt khi cc thuc tnh v cc
gi tr c th nhn thy n c th chnh sa cc thng s v cp nht radio.
Cc ti liu trn a CD cung cp hng dn s dng c th.
Kt ni vi thit b kim sot :
My thu c th c kt ni vi thit b iu khin ph hp s dng mt lot
cc phng php tng t v k thut s. Chng bao gm:
m thanh loi 4 dy v tn hiu s dng ng dy tng t.
Mt lin kt k thut s E1.
Lin kt Ethernet.

Lp t my:

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 My pht c th ct va trong t thit b vi tiu chun cng nghip 19 inch
(483 mm) v chim din tch 2U. Thm vo , my pht c th t ng t
do; i vi mc ch ny th b t bn l mt ph kin c sn.
La chn tn s:
My thu l mt tng hp tn s v tuyn duy nht m c th hot ng vi
khong cch knh 25 kHz v 8.33 kHz. Cc Radio nhn tn s u vo nh
dng ICAO v t ng iu chnh khong cch gia cc knh chnh xc. i
vi hot ng a knh ln n 100 knh tn s hin hu c th c lu tr
trong cc Radio truy hi ngay lp tc; bt k s kt hp ca khong cch
knh 8.33 kHz v 25 kHz c th c lu tr. Tn s hot ng hp l c
th c chn t bng iu khin pha trc ca radio hay mt thit b iu
khin t xa ph hp.
Cc Tham s hot ng:
Tham s hot ng ca my thu c thit lp bng cch s dng cng tc
a nng ko / Chn trn giao din , thit biu khin t xa ph hp hoc
bng cch s dng phn mm Park Air Virtual Front Panel (VFP) ty chn
kt hp vi mt my tnh hoc my tnh xch tay.
Khi tin hnh VoIP trn nhng radio loi T6, phn mm ng dng ty chnh
cu hnh VoIP (VCA) c s dng chung vi PC hoc laptop ci t cu
hnh v tham s cn thit cho hot ng VoIP.
2. Thng s k thut

2.1 Thng s k thut chung:

Cc c im k thut chungc la chn p dng i vi mt b tip nhn

khng phn bit ch hot ng. Tt c hot ng ch radio AM-
voice. Phn mm b sung phi c np cho php VDL Mode 2.

Bin th:

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My thu a ch The Park Air T6R Mk6 VHF c sn trong hai phin bn
c lit k trong Bng 2.
M t Part order number Dy tn s
My thu c ph tn B6100/IP/NB B6100/IP/WB
schun
My thu c ph tn B6100/IP/WB 112 n 155.975 MHz
s m rng

Bng 2: Thng s my thu

S lng knh:
My thu c th lu tr mt tn s n hoc ln n100tn s trong b nh
knh ca mnh m khng cn thm phn cng.
chnh xc tn s:
Tng s tiu hao trong u ra dao ng do iu kin mi trng v 1 nm s
dung l t hn 1 ppm.
Yu cu ngun in:
Cc my thu hot ng t mt ngun cung cp in ac, hoc mt
ngun cung cp u vo dc. Khi c hai ngun cung cp c kt hp,
cc u vo dc ng vai tr nh mt bn d phng t ng cho ngun
in xoay chiu.
Ngun cung cp u vo AC: cc my thu hot ng t mt ngun
cung cp n pha t 47 Hz v 63 Hz trong phm vi 99 Vac n 264
Vac. Thay i chiu in gia cc dy l t ng v khng cn iu
chnh. Nhng con s tiu th in nng c a ra trong Bng 2-2.
Ngun cung cp DC: Cc my thu hot ng t mt ngun cung cp
u vo dc t 21,6Vdc n 32 Vdc (o u vo ca radio). Ti hin
nay c a ra trong Bng 3.

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 Bng 3: S tiu th in nng
Thit b d phng:
My thu c mt ch d phng cung cp ngun mkhi khng hot
ng.
Kch thc v Trng lng:
Cc kch thc ca my thu hnh 2-1.
Trng lng my thu l 6,0 kg ( 13,23 pounds ).

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 Hnh 10: Kch thc my thu T6R
Mi trng:
Phm vi nhit :
Cc my thu hot ng ng cc c im k thut nhit trong khong
t -20 v + 55 C.
My thu c th c bo qun nhit t -30 n + 70 C m khng gy
ra h hi.
m:Cc my thu hot ng c im k thut mt m tng
i gia 5% v 90% (khng c c).
cao: Cc my thu hot ng c ng theo cc thng s ti cc a
im ln n 4572 m (15.000 feet).
My thu c th c bo qun cao ti a ln n 15.240 m
(50.000 feet) m khng gy ra h hi.
Va p v chn ng :
My thu t chun chng va p v chn ng MIL-STD-810E, phng thc
516,4, quy trnh VI - Bench Handling

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 Thng gi: My thu s c lm mt bng khng kh t nhin.
Thi gian lm nng my: My thuhot ng ng thng s sau khi
bt 20 giy.
2.2 Ch AM-Voice:

Cc my thu hot ng ch AM-voice (tiu chun) v VDL Mode 2 (ty

chn). Cc thng s k thut sau y p dng cho c hai ch tr khi c quy nh
khc.

Lu rng phng php kim tra ETSI c th trong EN 300 676 c s dng khi
cos th ng dng..

c tnh RF
Tr khng u vo:50ohm
nhy:

118 n 136.975 MHz 12 dB SINAD cho -107 dBm (1 V) 30% iu ch

112 n 117.975 MHz 12 dB SINAD cho -105 dBm (1.25 V) 30% iu ch
137 n 155.975 MHz 12 dB SINAD cho -105 dBm (1.25 V) 30% iu ch

Khong cch knh (ch AM-Voice): 25 kHz hoc 8.33 kHz.

- Khong cch knh 25kHz:
Ti 11 kHz t tn s trung tm, tn hiu b suy gim t hn 6 dB.
Ti 25 kHz t tn s trung tm, tn hiu b suy hao nhiu hn 80 dB.
- Khong cch knh 8.33 kHz ( ch AM-voice)
Ti 3,5 kHz t tn s trung tm, tn hiu b suy gim t hn 6 dB.
Ti 8.33 kHz t tn s trung tm, tn hiu b suy hao nhiu hn 70
dB (60 dB s dng cc phng php th nghim ETSI).
Ti 25 kHz t tn s trung tm, tn hiu b suy hao nhiu hn 80 dB.
Loi b tn hiu khng mong mun:

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- S loi b tn hiu Intermode: Cc tn hiu xuyn c ch l 80 dB hoc cao
hn (tham kho 12 dB SINAD) cho hai tn hiu khng mong mun khong
cch 100 kHz (iu ch) v 200 kHz (30% iu ch) t tn s knh.
- T l chn:
95 dB hoc cao hn (tham kho 12 dB SINAD v phn hy bi 6 dB) vi s
c mt ca mt tn hiu khng mong mun iu ch cch nhau 200 kHz t
tn s knh.
105 dB hoc cao hn (tham kho 12 dB SINAD v phn hy bi 6 dB) vi
s c mt ca mt tn hiu khng mong mun iu ch cch nhau 3 MHz t
tn s knh.

- Cross modulation rejection :

95 dB hoc cao hn (tham kho 30 dB SINAD v xung cp bi 10 dB)
trong s hin din ca mt iu ch tn hiu khng mong mun 30% cch
nhau 200 kHz t tn s knh.
105 dB hoc cao hn (tham kho 30 dB SINAD v xung cp bi 10 dB)
trong s hin din ca mt iu ch tn hiu khng mong mun 30% cch
nhau 3 MHz t tn s knh.
- Loi b tn hiu gi:
S loi b tn hiu gi (ti liu tham kho 12 dB SINAD) l 80 dB, hoc ln
hn (thng l> 100 dB) cho mt iu ch tn hiu khng mong mun 30%.
iu ny p dng cho cc tn hiu khng mong mun ln n 2 GHz v
khong cch hn hai knh t cc tn s iu chnh.
Trn 2 GHz, loi b tn hiu gi l 70 dB hoc cao hn (thng l> 100 dB).
- T chi hnh nh 1st: 100db hoc hn
- Tn hiu gy nhiu:
t nht 6 dB SINAD t c cho mt tn hiu iu ch mong mun- 87 dBm
vi mt 1 kHz tone ti 30% trong s hin din ca hai tn hiu can thip -5
dBm. C hai tn hiu nhiu c iu ch FM, mt c 19 kHz tone 7,5 kHz
lch 107.9 MHz v thay i bng 4 kHz; khc vi 19,1 kHz tone 7,5 kHz

15
 lch vi tn s ca n la chn nh vy m mt trong nhng sn phm t
th 3 nm trn chn nhn c tn s.
Antenna bc x:
Bc x ti cc cm ng ten nh hn -81 dBm, thng t hn -100 dBm,
trong phm vi tn s 9 kHz n 4 GHz.
u vo RF ti a:
My thu c th chu c mt u vo RF ca 36 dBm trong 20 giy, v lin
tc +27 dBm u vo, m khng gy ra thit hi
c im iu ch:
iu ch AM-thoi:
- iu ch bin i (DSB) iu ch bin (AM) sng mang.
- Emission designatorFor 25 kHz channels: 6K80A3EJN.
For 8.33 kHz channels: 5K00A3EJN.
p ng tn s:
- Khong cch knh 25 kHz:
S thay i ca tn s p ng vi tham chiu n mt tn hiu 1 kHz, l
trong vng 1 dB v -2 dB trn di tn s 300-3400 Hz.
Cc phn ng t hn -20 dB cho cc tn s bng hoc thp hn 100 Hz, v t
hn -30 dB ti 4 kHz.
- Khong cch knh 8.33 kHz (ch AM-thoi):
S thay i ca tn s p ng vi tham chiu n mt tn hiu 1 kHz, l
trong vng 1 dB v -2 dB trn di tn s 350-2500 Hz.
Cc phn ng t hn -10 dB cho cc tn s bng hoc thp hn 100 Hz, v t
hn -30 dB ti 4 kHz.

Distortion:
- Khong cch knh 25 kHz
i vi RF tn hiu u vo gia -53 dBm v 10 dBm, tng mo hi thp
hn 5% trong di tn s 300 Hz n 3,4 kHz khi su iu ch l gia 30
v 90%.

16
- Khong cch knh 8.33 kHz (ch AM-thoi)
i vi RF tn hiu u vo gia -53 dBm v 10 dBm, tng mo hi thp
hn 5% trong di tn s 350 Hz n 2,5 kHz khi su iu ch l gia 30
v 90%.
Wanted Signal Dynamic Range ( Di ng tn hiu mong mun)(RF
AGC):
i vi iu ch tn hiu trn knh 90%, mt s thay i trong mc tn
hiu t -107 dBm n +10 dBm sn xut t hn mt s thay i 3 dB u
ra m thanh. Trn knh tn hiu iu ch 90% ln n mc 17 dBm t
c t nht l 10 dB SINAD.
Thi gian attackRF AGC l t hn 40 ms v thi gian phn r nh hn 50 ms
cho u vo mt bc 40 dB
Audio AGC (ch AM-Voice):

Audio AGC nn mt bin th 30% n 90% su iu ch u vo cho

mt s thay i nng lng u ra m thanh ca 1 dB hoc t hn.
Mc sn lng m thanh c duy tr mc tng ng vi iu ch 90%.
Audio AGC c th c v hiu h.

m thanh thi gian AGC l t hn 20 ms; thi gian phn r l ln hn 1 s v

t hn 2 giy cho mt u vo thay i su iu ch 90% n 30%.
Squelch:
My thu c mt sng mang b vn hnh m tn. N c mt phm vi iu
chnh sng mang -114 n -60 dBm m khng c RF trc suy hao c la
chn (cc cp c tng ln bi gi tr ca RF trc suy hao khi n c
chn) v cung cp ln hn 60 dB ca tnh lng.
- Attack time l <20 ms cho tn hiu tng 10 dB trn cc thit lp m tn.
- Thi gian pht hnh l <20 ms cho mt tn hiu gim 10 dB di y thit
lp m tn.
- Tr l 2-4 dB.

17
 Cc squelch c mt ting ng v hiu ha c s bi thng cung cp
sng mang ch hot ng.
Cc squelch c mt sng mang cho php ghi ln c s, c ci sn ti 10
dB ( 2 dB) trn cc thit lp squelch .
Cc squelch cng c th b dit.
Cc squelch l c lp ca kim sot u ra m thanh.
Tn hiu m tn c th c kch hot trong ch AM-thoi. Tn sut v
mc c th iu chnh
Kim sot my thu:
AM-Voice m thanh u ra:
Kt qu u ra ca my thu l 600 ohm dng u ra m thanh cn bng t xa,
u ra tai nghe v loa. u ra mc dng l c th iu chnh gia -30 v 10
dBm (1 W v 10 mW), 1 dB bc kch thc v dung sai 2 dB.
Mt my thu tn hiu annaloge (RSSI) c sn ti u ni thit b. iu ny
cung cp mt 1V -10 V sn lng chim th mnh tn hiu nhn c t -
110 dBm v 10 dBm.
PCM thoi:
m thanh c s ha c sn thng qua cc giao din E1 hoc IP. Cp dng
cho cc giao din k thut s khng iu chnh; chng c c nh mt
mc sng sin 0 dBm0 cho IP v -3 dBm0 cho E1.
- E1 - 64 kbit / sec s ha A-law ging PCM m ha 8-bit c sn thng qua
cc kt ni T1 / E1 .Audio s dng TS1 v squelch c bo hiu bng cch
s dng bn bit CAS lin quan v TS16. Cc bit CAS cng c s dng
cung cp cho mt du hiu cho thy nhn c cht lng tn hiu. C bn
cp cht lng tn hiu da trn gi tr RSSI v cc tn hiu nhiu. Thp
hn ba mc nh trc trong khi mc cao nht c th c thit lp
bi ngi s dng kt hp vi mt my pht c lin quan. Cc VCC c th
s dng thng tin ny ch ra s tht bi ca mt knh. Cc mc ny cng
c th c s dng biu quyt ti VCC.

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- VoIP - 64 kbit / sec s ha A-law ging PCM m ha 8-bit c sn thng qua
cc kt ni IP s dng giao thc Ethernet VoIP. Cc c ch thit lp cuc
gi, keying v tn hiu tng thch vi ED-137. Cc phn mm AM-voice
chun cung cp chc nng VoIP, tuy nhin, phn mm ng dng cu hnh
VoIP ty chn (VCA) c yu cu u vo v chnh sa cc tham s hot
ng.
2.3 VDL Mode 2:
VDL Mode 2 thng s u ging ch AM-voice vi cc trng hp ngoi
l sau y.
c tnh RF:
nhy:
Cc my thu c nhy tt hn -100 dBm cho 1x10-3 t l li bit (BER) vi
gii m Reed Solomon.
Khong cch knh:
VDL mode 2 khong cch knh 2kHz
c im iu ch:
VDL Mode 2 s dng Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) theo
kiu khc c m ha 8-phase shift keying (D8PSK), s dng mt b lc
cosine nng ln vi = 0,6 (gi tr danh ngha), thit k kh thi
14K0G1DE.

Di Tn hiu mong mun (RF AGC):

Mt BER tt hn 1x10-3 vi Reed Solomon gii m ra c th t c cho
nhn tn hiu ca -100 dBm n 10 dBm.
Hiu s tn s:
Cc my thu hot ng vi lch tn s ln n 963 Hz
iu khin my thu:
u ra:

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 Tt c thng tin iu khin v nhn d liu c truyn qua kt ni IP. Khi
mt my pht v my thu ring bit ang c trin khai cung cp mt
giao din VDL Mode 2, tn hiu gia cc radio c truyn thng qua cng
IP v mng nh km.
1. Vn Hnh

3.1 iu khin, cc ch s v kt ni bng iu khin pha trc:

Ch ny m t iu khin ca my thu, cc ch s v kt ni bng iu khin

pha trc.

Front Panel:

Bng iu khin pha trc ca my thu c minh ha di y.

Hnh 11: Hnh minh ha Front Panel

Cng tc Scroll / Select v LCD:

Cng tc Scroll / Select c s dng kt hp vi mn hnh LCD thit lp hot

ng ca my thu. Trong thi gian hot ng bnh thng, mn hnh LCD hin th
tn s hot ng, s lng knh (nu c s ca hng knh c s dng), v hin
th phc ha ca m lng audio.

Bo hiu sn sng hot ng:

Mt n bo hiu mu xanh l cy sng ln khi my thu sn sng s dng v
khi khng c li BIT c pht hin.

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 Bo hiu cnh bo:

Mt bo hiu mu nhp nhy, hoc sng, khi c mt li BIT c pht hin.

Bit ch th c phn loi mt trong hai trng thi Alarms hoc

Alerts:
Tnh trng 'Alerts' s hin th nu in p cung cp thp di mc quy
nh trc. n bo Alarms nhp nhy , n bo Ready vn sng, v
my thu vn cn hot ng.
Bt k kt qu BIT khc trong tnh trng bo ng. Khi pht hin, n
tn hiu Alarms v n bo Ready bt sng ; my thu khng th c
s dng.
Ch th bo Thu:

Mt n vng sng khi mt tn hiu thu c l tn hiu trn ngng m tn.

Ngoi ra, n bo ny sng khi cng tc m tn ca my thu tt (squelch tht bi).

Ch th bo ch ch:

Mt n bo mu sng khi my thu ch ch. Khi ch ch, hu ht cc

mch in ca my thu khng hot ng, v mn hnh hin th l trng ; my thu
khng th hot ng cho n khi ch ch khng c chn.

Ch ch c chn v b chn bng cch s dng bng iu khin pha trc

Scroll / Chn switch v LCD, bng cch bt u mt hng dn thng qua mt h
thng MARC, thng qua mt b iu khin T6 hoc thng qua cc VFP.

Kt ni tng quan:

Mt cm jack SMB cho php truy cp mt tn s theo di tn s tham chiu

ca my thu. Kt ni ny ch c s dng cho mc ch bo tr. Cc hng dn
cho vic kim tra v iu chnh tn s tham chiu c a ra trong cc ch bo
tr.

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 Tai nghe / kt ni chn on:

Mt kt ni c hai mc ch cho php hoc l mt tai nghe, hoc mt PC, c kt

ni vi my thu. Kt ni l 7-pin t kha cm DIN.

Mt my tnh hoc my tnh xch tay c th c kt ni cho php VFP ty chn

c hin th.VFP c s dng chi tit trong cc vn bo tr.

Cng tc ngun iu khin pha sau:

Khi cng tc ngun c ci v tr ch, in p nguy him vn tn ti trong mch

cung cp in ni b ca my thu. m bo an ton lao ng, my thu phi c
cch ly t cc ngun cung cp u vo ac v dc.

Cng tc ngun iu khin pha sau l mt cng tc nt chnh 2 chiu s dng

la chn gia ngun cung cp v ch ch.

1.2 Ci t v vn hnh:

Ci t my thu lin quan n vic s dng bng iu khin pha trc Scroll /
Chn switch xc nh cc thng s vn hnh.

Thng s hot ng cng c th c thit lp bng cch s dng bng iu

khin pha trc o (VFP), thng qua mt iu khin t xa a truy cp h thng
(MARC), hoc t mt b iu khin lien quan T6. VFP hot ng c m t
trong cc vn bo tr; chc nng iu khin MARC v T6 c m t trong
ti liu ring.

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Khi nghe m thanh mc qu cao hoc trong mt thi gian di s dn n nghe
km. Lun lun iu khin m lng mt (thp) mc an ton trc khi s
dng tai nghe.

Vn hnh bnh thng:

Trong thi gian hot ng bnh thng, LCD hin th trn mn hnh chnh. Mn
hnh ny cho thy tn s hot ng, s lng knh (nu c s ca hng knh
c s dng) v hin th phc ha ca m lng u ra tai nghe. Nu my thu
c ci t ch ch, c th hin qua bng iu khin pha trc sng
n, mn hnh LCD c lm m.

Hnh 12: Mn hnh LCD v cc nt iu khin

S dng cng tc Scroll / Select:

Cng tc Scroll / Select c s dng ri khi mn hnh chnh v mn hnh

hin th Control. Tip tc s dng cng tc hin th menu la chn khc nhau
v cho php ci t cc thng s cn thit. Cc switch c ba hot ng: n c th
c quay theo chiu kim ng h, ngc chiu kim ng h, hoc n vo chc
lt.

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 Giao thc mn hnh:

Cc giao thc sau y c p dng cho tt c cc mn hnh c m t trong

ti liu ny.

Mn hnh chnh:
Trong thi gian my thu hot ng bnh thng, mn hnh chnh, mt v d
trong s c hin th di y, c hin th.

Cng tc:
cp n Cng tc Scroll / Select iu khin mt trc. Cng tc c bt
theo chiu kim ng h di chuyn t tri sang phi, t trn xung di.
Cng tc c bt ngc chiu kim ng h di chuyn t phi sang tri,
v t di ln trn. Cng tc c nhn la chn.
Thi gian ht hn:
Nu trong bt k quy trnh ci t cng tc Scroll / Select khng hot ng
trong 30 giy, mn hnh tr vhin th mn hnh chnh. Nu bt k thng s
khng c chnh, my thu trng thi thit lp ban u.
>> Hin th trng thi c snkhc, truy cp trng hp ny, ln lt bt
cng tc theo chiu kim ng h chuyn qua trng thi hin th cui cng.
<<Hin th trng thi c sn khc, truy cp trng hp ny, ln lt bt
cng tc theo ngc chiu kim ng h chuyn qua trng thi hin th u
tin.
Back: Khi chn Back, bn ang quay tr li menu trc.
Exit: Khi Exit c chn, bn ang quay tr li mn hnh chnh.

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 H thng MENU:
Cc bng iu khin Front Panel ca cc audio c thc hin thng qua
mt h thng menu c minh ha di y:

F r e q 1 1 8 . 0 0 0 M H z

C h 1 0 0 V d mn hnh chnh
M o d e A M V o I c e
Hin th qu trnh hot ng bnh
V o l thng ca my thu

Kim sot mn hnh Menu mn hnh kha

Cu hnh thng s hot ng ca

cu hnh my thu, truy cp vo d
liu BIT hoc xem cc cu hnh
phn mm

Tn s Knh Ci t BIT Cu hnh D Phng

S/W
Ci t tn Ci t Thit lp Tin hnh Vo hoc
s hot hoc gi nhng ci kim tra Xem cu thot ra
ng ca li ln n t vn BIT v hnh phn ch d
my thu 100 knh hnh ca xem kt mm ca phng
tn s my thu qu my thu

Ci t IP n nn Tn s Dy bng Ch v Phn cc
tham chiu tn ci t ch
Nhp vo iu Ci t phn

thng s chnh n iu chnh Ci t cc hot
IP nn LCD thng s dy bng La chn ng cho cc
my thu tn ca ch kt ni hu
my thu tin nht nh

Ci t ch Ci t
Hnh 13: H thng MENU AM-voice
VDL-Mode 2

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 Kha mn hnh:
Mt h thng bo mt sn c ch khi VFP cho php mt trc ca my thu
locked. Khi h thng ny ang hot ng, bng iu khin pha trc
khng c ci t hot ng cho n khi lnh 'unlock' c gi t VFP.
Mn hnh sau y s c hin th khi lnh 'lock ' ang thc hin, v cng
tc chuyn i mt trc c nhn.

thot khi mn hnh kha ca h thng:

Chn OK, sau bm cng tc. Bn ang quay tr li mn hnh chnh
hoc.
i ht 30 giy. Bn ang quay tr li mn hnh chnh.
Mn hnh iu khin:
Mn hnh iu khin c nhp t mn hnh chnh bng cch nhn cng tc.
Mn hnh c hin th nh sau:

Thay i tn s hot ng ca my thu.

Lu tr hoc gi li tn s knh ci sn.
Chn ch hot ng v thit lp ch .

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Tin hnh kim tra BIT v xem kt qu.
Xem cu hnh phn mm.
Nhp hoc thot khi ch standby.
Ghi ch ci t my thu:
Cn c cc ghi ch sau y trc khi ci t my thu. T vn v hin th tn
s c bit khi s dng khong cch knh tn s 8.33 kHz, v a ra hng
dn v thit lp mc ng dy ti u.

Lu rng i vi hot ng ti Hoa K, thit b ny c

chng nhn ch hot ng khi s dng khong cch knh 25 kHz.
Hin th Front Panel cho khong cch knh 25 kHz v 8.33 kHz:
Khi thit lp tn s hot ng ca my thu v khong cch knh 8.33 kHz
c yu cu, cc tn s hin th khc vi tn s knh thc t. Bng 3-1 cho
thy cc m hnh s dng cho khong cch knh tn s 25 kHz v 8.33 kHz
t 118,0000 MHz n 118,1416 MHz. Cc m hnh ging vi bt k tn s
trong di tn s ca my thu. Mn hnh hin th ph hp vi qui nh ICAO
cho hot ng tn s 8.33 kHz.

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 Bng 4:Hin th khong cch knh 25kHz v 8.33kHz
Thit lp mc ng dy:
Thit lp mc dng u ra, hin th trn bng iu khin pha trc, cho thy
dng ngun trung bnh cho mt tn hiu ging ni (nh l 13 dB n nh
t s cng sut trung bnh) khi my thu gii iu ch tn hiu iu ch bin
v bin nh tng ng ca ging ni n su iu ch 100%.
My thu kt hp mt mch audio AGC , gip iu chnh mc audio dng
nh im m n s c sn xut bi mt tn hiu iu ch 100%.
Nu audio AGC bt:
- Mt tn hiu kim tra sng Sin AM sng iu ch t 30% n 100%
to ra mt ngun tn hiu dng trung bnh 10 dB cao hn so vi mc
thit lp ng pha trc.
Nu audio AGC tt:

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 - Mt tn hiu kim tra sng Sin AM iu ch 30% to ra cng mt
dng in trung bnh nh cc thit lp dng panel pha trc
- Mt tn hiu kim tra sng Sin AM iu ch 100% to ra mt tn
hiu dng in trung bnh 10 dB cao hn so vi cc thit lp ng
pha trc.
Bng 5 th hin mi quan h gia mc dng in, mc u ra tc
trung bnh v sng sin (gi nh rng cc audio AGC c t trn, v su
iu ch l gia 30% v 100%).

Bng 5: Mi quan h gia Line Level, Output Levels with Average

Speech v Sine Wave
Thay i tn s hot ng ca my thu:
Tn s ca my thu c th c thay i theo hai cch: hoc t mn hnh tn
s, hoc bng cch nhc li mt knh ci sn.Th tc ny chi tit hn so vi
cch s dng mn hnh tn s.

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(1) T mn hnh iu khin, chn tn s hin th mn hnh tn s.
(2) Bt cng tc lm sng cc ch s c thay i, sau bm cng tc.
(3) Bt cng tc cho n khi cc ch s cn c hin th, sau bm cng
tc.
(4) Lp li cho n khi tn s cn thit c hin th, sau nh du OK v
bm cng tc.
(5) Ch c tn s nm trong khong ci t gii hn di bng tnmi c th
c la chn.
Lu tr v nhc li knh tn s:
Ln n 100 knh tn s c th c lu tr trong cc my thu
lu mt knh tn s
(1) T mn hnh iu khin, chn knh hin th cc knh mn hnh. knh
highlight, bm cng tc v sau bt cho n khi s knh cn c hin
th; bm cng tc.

(2) Lm ni bt gi tr tn s MHz (xem V d 2), bm cng tc v sau bt

cho n khi gi tr MHz cn thit c hin th. Bm cng tc.

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 (3) Lm ni bt gi tr tn s kHz (xem V d 3), bm cng tc v sau bt
cho n khi gi tr kHz cn thit c hin th. Bm cng tc.

(4) Lu tr Highlight v bm cng tc. Tn s mi by gi c lu tr

trong cc s knh c la chn.
Recall mt knh tn s c lu tr
(1) T mn hnh iu khin, chn knh hin th mn hnh knh.
(2) lm cho my thu hot ng trn bt k tn s knh ci sn, lm ni bt
knh v nhn cng tc. Bt cng tc cho n khi s knh / tn s c yu
cu hin th, sau bm cng tc.
(3) Bt cng tc lm ni bt Recall, sau bm cng tc. Thot khi mn
hnh. My thu ang hot ng hin ti trn knh tn s c nhc li
Ghi ch:
(1) Nu mt tn s nm ngoi gii hn bng tn c nhp vo th mt thng
bo (xem V d 3) c hin th..(xem V d 3)

(2) Nu nhp vo mt tn s khng hp l cho cc phng thc hot ng

th mt thng bo c hin ra (xem V d 4).

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 Tin hnh kim tra BIT
S dng cc th tc sau y bt u kim tra BIT gin on t bng iu khin
pha trc ca my thu. Sau khi kim tra BIT c chy, mn hnh BIT c hin
th (xem AM-Voice Screen BIT trn trang 3-26). Mt bi kim tra BIT gin on
khng th thc hin vo VDL Mode 2.
(1) T mn hnh chnh, bm cng tc hin th mn hnh iu khin. Bt cng
tc cho n khi BIT c t sng. Bm cng tc.

(2) m bo mn hnh BIT c hin th. Bt cng tc cho n khi BIT khi
u c t sng. Bm cng tc.

(3) Trong lc kim tra, khong hai giy, mn hnh kim tra s c hin th.

(4) Sau khi hon thnh, v nu cuc kim tra gin on c khi xng t
bng iu khin Front Panel, mt trong nhng mn hnh sau y s c
hin th:

32
 (5) Chn OK a ngi dng tr li mn hnh BIT. Nu tht bi s c hin
th, di chuyn qua mn hnh kim tra nguyn nhn tht bi.
Ch standby:
Ch Standby l mt tnh nng tit kim in nng c th c s dng cho my
thu khi khng hot ng. Khi ch ch, hu ht cc mch ca my thu l khng
hot ng v mn hnh LCD c lm m. t ng nghe vo ch ch, s
dng cc th tc sau y:
Khi my thu trong ch ch, n Standby bng iu khin pha trc sng.
Truy cp ch Standby
(1) T mn hnh iu khin chn Standby
(2) Ti mn hnh Standby chn Yes
(3) Kim tra xem nhng khong trng mn hnh v ch th the front panel
Standby sng

Thot khi ch Standby

(1) Nhn cng tc
(2) Chn Yes
(3) Kim tra mn hnh chnh v ch th the front panel Standby sng

33
PHN KT LUN
Qua thi gian thc tp ti Trm Radar- Thng tin Vng Chua Quy Nhn, c trc
tip quan st, tip xc v nghe cc cn b cng tc ti y chia s kin thc cng
nh kinh nghim ca mnh gip em hiu r hn v vai tr h thng VHF trong
h thng thit b ca hng khng dn dng nc ta, cng nh gip em hiu r hn,
c ci nhn thc t hn v cuc sng v cng vic ca cc cn b, k s cng tc ti
y.

34