iu ny to ra mt in p

. By gi chng ta c th s dng mt b lc bandpass, c thit k ch vt

qua tn s loi b cc tn s thp v cao v c c mt u ra

m chng ta c th vit li di dng khc:

Trong :

tc l u ra l mt sng c bin unmodulated v c iu ch bin

bng h s iu ch , t l vi tn hiu u vo iu chnh, . Mch
c th s dng nh mt b iu bin bin .
2.1.2 Demodulation:

2
Bn cht y ch l mt b chnh lu halfwave. Khi tng bin ca sng u vo,
in p t in c tng ln qua cc diode chnh lu. Khi bin ca u vo
gim, in p t in b gim. u im chnh ca tch sng AM l b gii iu
ch ca n rt n gin v gi r! Ch cn mt diode, t in mt, v in tr
mt. l l do ti sao n c s dng thng xuyn.

3
 2.1.3 Dng ph :

iu ny to ra mt sng AM

trong , sau khi bin i ta c th c ging nh sau:

4
sng iu bin AM c cho l bao gm ba phn: -

Cc sng mang , khng b nh hng bi iu ch.

Cc di bin Upper thnh phn , l mt bn sao ca ph iu ch

ban u.

Cc di bin thp hn thnh phn , l mt "gng hnh nh 'ca

ph bin trn.

sng AM v c bn mang hai bn sao. Kt qu l, n chim mt bng thng

truyn dn , . tc l n phi mt n hai ln so vi thng tin
ban u. iu ny th hin mt trong nhng nhc im chnh ca iu ch
AM. Mt s h thng truyn ti thng qua mt hnh thc sa i c gi l iu
ch di bin n ( SSB ). y l bn cht l sng AM vi mt di bin lc trc khi
truyn dn. Truyn SSB c iu ch c gi l di bin trn Upper ( USB )
hoc di bin di( LSB ) ph thuc vo bin c s dng. Bng cch s dng
SSB chng ta c th tng gp i s c truyn i. Tuy nhin, my pht v my
thu SSB l phc tp hn (v t tin!) So vi cc mch AM n gin m t trc
. Do h c xu hng ch c s dng cho mc ch chuyn ngnh nh truyn
thng my bay hoc tu. T lp lun trn chng ta c th thy rng bnh thng AM
lng ph bandspace truyn dn.

. V l do ny cn thit m bo rng lun lun l iu ch hn

ch - tc l, -. iu ny c ngha rng mt
sinewave iu ch AM sng s c dng

5
V chng ta s c

Tc l, tin tc c ngha ch mt phn ba tng s cng sut truyn xut hin

trong cc thnh phn iu ch bin ca sng AM. Ni cch khc, iu ny c ngha
rng t nht 2/3 ca cng sut truyn c dnh cho vic gi mt sng mang
khng cha tin tc.

2.2. Nguyn tc lin lc khng a thng qua thit b VHF:

- Lm vic gii tn s :118-137Mhz.My thu v pht lm vic cng tn s.
- Phng thc iu ch AM.
- Lm vic ch n cng : Ti mt thi im ch thu hoc pht .
- Tn hiu u vo gm:
+ Tn hiu chn my chnh ph, PTT(Key my),thoi.
+ Tn hiu cao tn( iu ch AM) n u vo my thu t anten.
+Tn hiu ra:
-Tn hiu thoi,tn hiu squelch(bo my thu ang thu tn hiu).
-Tn hiu cao tn t u ra my pht n anten.
+Thit b ph tr gm:
-Encoder v Decoder: Dng ghp v gii ghp cc tn hiu
voice+PTT+chn my chnh ph+squelch n truyn trn mt knh truyn khi
controller(kim sot khng lu ) xa h thng VHF .

-Role RF 12v dc :dng chn my chnh ph v chuyn ch thu

pht .
-Ngun AC v dc (24v):cung cp cho my thu ,pht VHF.

2.2.1 Khi Controller gn thit b VHF:

6
 - trng thi bnh thng h thng VHF trng thi sn sng thu .
a/Controller to Pilot(K4->K1->K3):
Khi kim sot vin mun lin lc vi phi cng th kim sot vin nhn nt
KEY(PTT)khi thit b vccs to v a tn hiu PTT n h thng VHF.Lc
my pht VHF s chuyn sang ch pht ng thi tn hiu thoi ca kim sot
vin khng lu cng c a vo my pht.Tn hiu cao tn u ra my pht s
c a n anten bc x ra khng trung n my bay .
b/Pilot to Controller(K3->K2->K4):
Khi phi cng cn lin lc vi kim sot vin di mt t .Phi cng trn my
bay pht tn hiu(AM ) .khi my thu VHF s thu c tn hiu (AM)v a
ra tn hiu thoi v tn hiu squelch.tn hiu ny s c vccs chuyn n cho kim
sot vin khng lu.

2.2.2 Khi Controller xa h thng VHF:

Lc ny truyn tn hiu i xa c ta dng thm cc thit b truyn dn
nh hnh v sau:

7
CHNG 3 MY PHT A CH THE PARK AIR T6T MK6 50W
VHF
3.1 Gii thiu

3.1.1 Mc ch
My pht a ch The Park Air T6T Mk6 50 W VHF (Hnh 1-1) c d tnh
s dng cho nhng mi trng mt t c n nh sn bay hoc trung tm dn
ng. My pht hot ng cc ch m thanh v ICAO xc nh thng tin ti
cc tn s t 118 n 136.975 MHz i vi ch tiu chun v t 112 n
155.975 MHz cho ch tn s m rng. Da trn phn mm c ci t sn vo
radio, c th chn nhng ch hot ng sau:

AM-voice (ch tiu chun y )

Phn mm ny cung cp m thanh thng qua 4 dy E & M, E1 hoc VoIP. N cung
cp SNMP thng qua mng Ethernet (LANs), v MARC thng qua RS232, RS422,
E1 v Ethernet. Lu rng phn mm c cu hnh ng dng ty chnh VoIP yu
cu phi nhp cc tham s ci t cho cho hot ng VoIP

VDL Mode 2 (ty chn)

8
 Hnh 1-1 My pht a ch Park Air T6T Mk6 50 W VHF

Mu v M s

Bng bn di th hin cc loi my pht Park Air T6T Mk6 50 W VHF:

Khong
ng dng c bit
M t M s th t Di Tn s cch
(Xem lu )
knh

My pht c ph tn 118 to 25 kHz

B6350/IP/NB/ or
s tiu chun Park Air 136.975
50
T6T Mk6 50W MHz 8.33 kHz

Tt c cc mu u
My pht c ph tn 112 to 25 kHz h tr hot ng
B6350/IP/WB or thay th sng mang
s m rng Park Air T6T 155.975
/50 2, 3, 4, v 5 khi s
Mk6 50W MHz 8.33 kHz
dng khong cch
knh 25kHz.

My pht c ph tn 25 kHz Tt c cc mu u
118 to
s tiu chun n nh cao B6350HS/IP/ or h tr hot ng
136.975
Park Air T6T Mk6 HS NB/50 thay th sng mang
MHz 8.33 kHz
50W 2 khi s dng
khong cch knh
8.33kHz.

112 to 25 kHz
My pht c ph tn B6350HS/IP/ or
s m rng n nh cao 155.975
WB/50
Park Air T6T Mk6 HS MHz 8.33 kHz
50W

9
Note: Mc d tt c cc mu u c kh nng la chn thay th nh chi tit trn,
chng ta cn phi cn thn m bo vic la chn ng mu ph hp nht vi
cc iu kin mi trng hot ng; iu ny nhm m bo tnh ph hp vi cc
yu cu v s n nh ra bi ICAO hoc ETSI

3.1.2 La chn
Bn di l cc la chn c sn mua
Ch 2 dng sng VDL, Park Air m s T6M2 (xem trang 3-22)
Phn mm lc sng mang thay th linh hot, Park Air m s T6OCDF (xem
trang 3-10).

3.1.3 Khi mua s c g trong hp

Cc thit b sau s i km vi mi my pht:
B ni dng T6, m s 70-T6VUCUST, bao gm b ni ngun in ac v
dc, b ni tn s ra a, v b ni cc trm
a CD c cha ti liu cho ngi s dng radio nh dng tng tc
Adobe Acrobat format

3.1.4 Ph Kin
ng dng duy tr giao din o v ng dng tinh chnh cu hnh VoIP c sn mua
c lit k chi tit bn di.
Cc micro ph hp c lit k trong bng 1-1

3.1.5 ng dng duy tr giao din o

M s 70-T6000VFP

Phn mm ng dng ty chn duy tr giao din o (VFP) c cung cp trn a

CD tng thch vi mi PC hoc laptop chy Windows XP, Windows Vista or
Windows 7. VFP cho php chnh sa cc ci t v thng tin knh ca radio, n
th hin trng thi BIT hin ti, th hin lch s BIT, cho php ci t kha bo mt,
v cung cp cc tin ch bo tr. S dng VFP c rt nhiu li th trong vic ci t
radio t giao din; bao gm:

Thng tin v cc ci t hot ng v thng tin knh c th c to ra, lu

tr trn a v...
c truy xut ci vo cc radio khc
S dng VFP c th thc hin in thng tin v Radio
Giao din qun l c th kha c. Vic kha bo mt ch c th thc hin
khi s dng VFP.

10
Phn mm c h tr thm dy cp a kt ni 9 chu loi D (m s 17E16000001)
cho vic kt ni RS232 n vi giao din ca radio.

3.1.6 ng dng tinh chnh cu hnh VoIP (VCA)

Part number 70-T6VCA

Phn mm ng dng ty chn tinh chnh cu hnh VoIP c cung cp trn a CD

tng thch vi mi PC hoc laptop chy Windows XP, Windows Vista or
Windows 7. Giao din ca ng dng no tng t nh VFP. N cho php ngi
dng truy hi, lu tr v np cc ci t VoIP. Mt khi nhng c tnh v gi tr ny
xut hin, n c th cho php chnh sa cc tham s v cp nht radio. Ti liu
ngi dng c sn trn a CD cung cp hng dn s dng c th.

Bng 1-1 Micro

M t M s

24-
Micro cm tay ca k s dng bo tr v cc mc ch thng thng
11030301

Micro t bn T6. Micro linh hot dng ng, thn nhm, c b chuyn 24-
i PTT. C th cm tay hoc gn vo gi chc chn dng trn bn. 11201011

24-
in thoi cm tay c tch hp b chuyn i PTT
13000501

Micro T6 dng eo vo u hoc cn di. Thit b eo 2 tai chc chn

c trng lng nh, ming m tai bng bng v vng eo bng-rn
m kh trn u rt mm mi. 24-
12000PH2
Micro cn di c b lc ting n thng minh vi c xoay c th iu
chnh lin tc.

3.1.7 Kt ni vi thit b qun l

11
My pht c th c kt ni vi thit b qun l thch hp thng qua cc phng
php tng ng hoc in t. Nhng phng php ny bao gm:
m thanh loi 4 dy v truyn tn hiu bng cc dy tng ng
Mt kt ni in t E1
Kt ni mng Ethernet

3.1.8 Lp t my
My pht c th ct va trong t thit b vi tiu chun cng nghip 19 inch (483
mm) v chim din tch 2U. Thm vo , my pht c th t ng t do; i vi
mc ch ny th b t bn l mt ph kin c sn.

3.1.9 La chn tn s
My pht l mt radio tng hp tn s n c th vn hnh vi khong cch knh
25 kHz v 8.33kHz. Radio nhn din cc tn s u vo dng ICAO v t ng iu
chnh n ng khong cch knh. i vi hot ng a knh c n ti a 100
knh hin hu c th c lu tr trong raido truy hi ngay lp tc; bt k t hp
no ca khong cch knh 8.33 kHz v 25 kHz u c th lu tr. Tn s hot ng
hp l c th c la chn t giao din ca radio hoc mt thit b iu khin t xa
ph hp.

3.1.10 Tham s hot ng

Tham s hot ng ca my pht c ci t bng cng tc a nng Ko/Chn trn
giao din, t xa bng thit b iu khin ph hp hoc s dng phn mm giao din
o Park Air Virtual Front Panel (VFP) kt hp vi PC hoc laptop.

Khi tin hnh VoIP trn nhng radio loi T6, phn mm ng dng ty chnh cu
hnh VoIP (VCA) c s dng chung vi PC hoc laptop ci t cu hnh v
tham s cn thit cho hot ng VoIP.

3.1.11 Thng s chung

Thng s chung p dng cho My pht Park Air T6T bt k la chn ch hot
ng no. Tt c radio hot ng trong ch AM-voice. Phn mm thm vo phi
c ti m ch VDL 2.

3.2 c im k thut
3.2.1 Models
My pht a ch Park AirT6T Mk6 50 W VHF c mt trong bng mu 2-1 bn
di

Bng 2-1 Cc mu my pht

12
 Khong
ng dng c bit
M t M s th t Di Tn s cch
(Xem lu )
knh

My pht c ph tn 118 to 25 kHz

B6350/IP/NB/ or
s tiu chun Park Air 136.975
50
T6T Mk6 50W MHz 8.33 kHz

My pht c ph tn 112 to 25 kHz Tt c cc mu u

B6350/IP/WB or h tr hot ng
s m rng Park Air T6T 155.975
/50 thay th sng mang
Mk6 50W MHz 8.33 kHz 2, 3, 4, v 5 khi s
dng khong cch
knh 25kHz.

My pht c ph tn 25 kHz
118 to
s tiu chun n nh cao B6350HS/IP/ or Tt c cc mu u
136.975
Park Air T6T Mk6 HS NB/50 h tr hot ng
MHz 8.33 kHz thay th sng mang
50W
2 khi s dng
khong cch knh
8.33kHz.

My pht c ph tn 25 kHz
112 to
s m rng n nh cao B6350HS/IP/ or
155.975
Park Air T6T Mk6 HS WB/50
MHz 8.33 kHz
50W

Note: Mc d tt c cc mu u c kh nng la chn thay th nh chi tit trn,

chng ta cn phi cn thn m bo vic la chn ng mu ph hp nht vi
cc iu kin mi trng hot ng; iu ny nhm m bo tnh ph hp vi cc
yu cu v s n nh ra bi ICAO hoc ETSI

3.2.2 S lng knh

My pht c th lu tr mt tn s n hoc nhiu n 100 tn s trong b nh
knh ca n m khng cn thm phn cng no.

3.2.3 chnh xc tn s
Tt c cc mu tr HS Tt hn 1 ppm.
13
Cc mu HS Tt hn 0.3 ppm

3.2.4 Yu cu v ngun in
My pht hot ng da trn ngun chnh l ac, hoc ngun dc. Khi c hai ngun
kt hp, ngun dc s gi vai tr d phng t ng cho ngun chnh ac.

Ngun in ac My pht hot ng vi ngun n pha ac t 47 n 63 Hz v t

ng iu chnh hot ng vi bt k ngun in c vn t
99 Vac ti 264 Vac. S liu tiu th in nng c Bng 2-2.

Ngun in dc My pht hot ng vi ngun dc t 21.6 ti 32 V (o ti u vo

ca radio) S liu c th c Bng 2-2.

Bng 2-2 in nng tiu th

Trng thi bt Trng thi ch Trng thi tt Trng

thi bt
dng
ac dc ac dc ac dc khi
ng

Pht
Pht thng
thng
thng
thng
300 VA
8.5 A Typically Typically Typically Typically 85 A
60 VA 700 mA 30 VA 30 mA Maximum
Pht ti a Pht ti a
500 VA 12 A

Khng Khng
pht pht

14
 thng
thng
1A
60 VA

3.2.5 Ch ch tin li
My pht c ch ch tin li tit kim in nng khi khng hot ng

3.2.6 Kch thc v trng lng

Kch thc ca my pht c th hin trong hnh 2-1:

Trng lng ca my pht l 13.5 kg (29.76 pounds).

15
3.2.7 Yu t mi trng

Bin nhit My pht hot ng ng theo thng s trong khong nhit t -

16
 20C n +55C

My pht c th c bo qun ti khong nhit t -30C n

+70C m khng xy ra h hi.

m My pht hot ng ng theo thng s m tng i trong

khang 5% n 90% khng c c.

cao My pht hot ng ng theo thng s cao ln ti 15.000

b. Thm vo thit b cn c kh nng bo qun cao ti a
50.000 b m khng h hi.

Va p v chn My pht t chun chng va p v chn ng MIL-STD-810E,

ng phng thc 516.4, qui trnh VI - Bench Handling.

Thng gi My pht c tn nhit bng qut bn trong. Thng qut chy

na cng sut. Ti nhit RF PA 45C cng sut c nng ln
ti a v gim xung li cn mt na 40C.

My pht cn c trang b thm mt qut kim sot nhit ti

ngun in.

Lm nng my Tt c cc mu u hot ng ng vi thng s sau 20 giy k t

khi khi ng tr mu T6T HS cng hot ng y sau 20 giy
nhng cn 10 pht t tn s chnh xc cho sng mang dch v.

3.3 Ch AM-Voice
My pht hot ng ch AM-Voice (tiu chun) v VDL Mode 2 (ty chn).
Thng s di y p dng cho c hai ch tr khi c nu r im khc.

Lu rng phng php kim tra ETSI c th trong EN 300 676 c dng khi c
th ng dng.

17
3.3.1 Tnh cht my pht RF (tn s ra a)

a. Tr khng u ra: 50 ohms.

b. in nng u ra RF
in nng u ra my pht RF c th c iu chnh tng Watt t 5W ti 50W.
Tuy l ty chn, in nng ti a c th chn cng c gii hn. in nng u ra
c kim sot t ng trong nhng iu kin sau y:

Khong tn s in nng c bin thin t 0 ti +1 dB trong khong tn

s hot ng

Ngun in p thp in nng duy tr bin thin 1 dB cho ngun in p t

24 Vdc n 32 Vdc.

VSWR cao Li vng lp c th gim dn in nng n 3 dB. bin

thin in nng duy tr 1 dB trong VSWR n t l 2.5:1.
Ti VSWR c t l ln hn, lng in nng u ra c th
gim mt 10dB vi chnh lch 1 dB

Nhit RF PA cao Nu cm bin nhit RF PA vt 80C th in nng u ra

gim mt 3 dB vi chnh lch 1 dB. Nu cm bin nhit
RF PA vt 90C th my pht nhng hot ng v t hot
ng li 70C.

Thi gian gia tng Thi gian in nng tng t lc tip xc chuyn giao n
lc t 90% cng sut ti a l t hn 15ms m khng c
chuyn giao mc hoc sng mang dch v c chn,
hoc, t hn 85 ms nu c hai c chn.

c. Vng hot ng: 100% hot ng lin tc

d. Khong cch knh (Ch c AM-Voice): 25 kHz or 8.33 kHz.
e. Sng mang dch v (Ch c AM-Voice)
Cc mu khng HS My pht khng HS c th hot ng vi sng mang dch v
nh trong bng 2-1 v vi chnh xc tn s tt hn 1 ppm

Cc mu HS My pht HS c th hot ng vi sng mang dch v nh

trong bng 2-1 v vi chnh xc tn s tt hn 0.3 ppm
18
 f. u ra sng hi
u ra sng hi th 2 thp hn -36 dBm, th 3 thp hn -46 dBm v th 4 v cc
u ra sng hi k tip, ln n 4 GHz, thp hn -56 dBm.

g. Pht x gi
Pht x gi u ra thp hn -46dBm cho ch s iu ch ln ti 90%, c o ln
hn 500kHz t sng mang ti tm bin thin tn s t 9 kHz n 4 GHz. Khng c
pht x gi kt hp no vt ngoi di quang phi thp hn 500 kHz

h. S xuyn bin iu
Sn phm ca s xuyn bin iu, gy ra bi tn hiu nhiu vi cng cng sut nh
my pht c gii hn bi 30 dB, t nht c -40 dBc ti 150 kHz v -50 dBc ti
500 kHz.

3.3.2 Tnh cht iu ch my pht

Ch AM-Voice s dng iu ch hai bng (DSB) iu ch bin (AM) sng
mang y ; m s pht 6K80EJN cho cc knh kHz v 5K00A3EJN cho cc
knh 8.33 kHz.

a. Ch s iu ch
Mc iu ch my pht c th t n mc ti a 95%. Vic ny s loi b mi
cn tr trong cc knh ln cn ti khong cch knh 25 kHz hoc 8.33 kHz.

b. Ting rt v n
Ting rt v n thp hn 45 dB so vi ch th tn hiu cho dng u vo < -13 dBm,
v thp hn 50 dB ch th tn hiu cho dng u vo < -13 dBm, cho mt sng mang
c iu ch ti tn hiu 1 kHz vi ch s iu ch l 90%.

c. nhy tn s
Khong cch Khong bin thin ca nhy tn s vi tn hiu tham kho
knh 25 kHz 1kHz l +0.5 dB v -1.5 dB trong sut khong tn s t 300 n
3400 Hz. nhy cng thp hn -20 dB ti 100 Hz tr xung v
thp hn -30 dB ti 4 kHz tr ln.

Khong cch Khong bin thin ca nhy tn s vi tn hiu tham kho

knh 8.33 kHz 1kHz l +0.5 dB v -1.5 dB trong sut khong tn s t 350 n
2500 Hz. nhy cng thp hn -10 dB ti 100 Hz tr xung v
(Ch cho AM- thp hn -30 dB ti 3200 kHz tr ln.
voice)

19
 d. Distortion
Khong cch S mo hi ton phn t hn 5% i vi nhng tn hiu c ch s
knh 25 kHz iu ch 90% trong khong tn s t 300 Hz ti 3400 Hz.

Trong iu khin kh khn, v d nh ngun yu hoc VSWR

cao, s mo hi c duy tr mc t hn 10%.

Khong cch S mo hi ton phn t hn 5% i vi nhng tn hiu c ch s

knh 8.33 kHz iu ch 90% trong khong tn s t 350 Hz ti 2500 Hz.
(Ch cho AM-
voice)
Trong iu khin kh khn, v d nh ngun yu hoc VSWR
cao, s mo hi c duy tr mc t hn 10%.

e. Phn d iu ch tn s
i vi tn hiu th nghim 1kHz t ti ch s iu ch 80% c p dng cho
dng u vo ca my pht, phn iu ch tn s khng mong mun ti a khng
vt qu 500 Hz.

f. VOGAD
(Ch cho AM-Voice)
VOGAD c tm hot ng 30 dB vi mc ngng t ti 10 dB thp hn mc t
thoi trung bnh. Trong khong VOGAD th ch s iu ch duy tr mc 10%.
N c thi gian pht ng t hn 20ms v thi gian suy gim nhiu hn 2 giy, c
hai ch s u c o vi bc 10 dB ti 15 dB vo VOGAD. VOGAD c th
c v hiu ha.
g. Mute
(Ch cho AM-Voice) Ch im ting c t mc thp hn 15 dB mc t
thoi trung bnh. Ch im lng c th c v hiu ha.

3.3.3 iu khin my pht

a. u vo m thanh
m thanh analog (tng t) c th c kt ni n my pht thng qua cng kt
ni micro/diagnostic mt giao din. m thanh cng c th c kt ni qua dng
u vo cn bng 600 ohm. Ci t mc dng t -30 n +10 dBm.

20
 b. PTT
My pht c th c ni vi micro thch hp gn vo mt giao din. My pht
c th c kt ni thng qua u vo PTT trc tip, thng qua kt ni o chng ln
nhau trn cc dng m thanh v thng qua truyn m PTT nh dng m thanh. Kt
ni ti bt k cng m thanh no chn cng nh l ngun m. Th t u tin kt
ni l ci no trc ni trc.
c. PTT qu hn
Thi gian qu hn c th iu chnh c t 2 ti 510 giy trong 2 bc th 2 hoc
c th c tt.
d. PCM Voice
m thanh s ha c th c kt ni n my pht thng qua E1 hoc cc giao
din IP. Mc dng cho nhng giao din s ny khng th thay i; chng l c nh
theo biu sng hnh sin mc dBm0 cho IP v 3 dBm0 cho E1.

E1 m thanh PCM 64kbit/s s ha 8 bit m ha lut A c th c kt ni

ti my pht thng qua b ni T1/E1. m thanh s dng TS1 v kt ni
c thip lp nh vo 4 CAS bits gn trn TS16. Phng php keying ny
c lp vi bt k2 cu hnh ci t keying no tng t.

VoIP - m thanh PCM 64kbit/s s ha 8 bit m ha lut A c th c kt

ni ti my pht thng qua b ni IP s dng giao thc VoIP Ethernet. Cch
thc thit lp thoi, keying v truyn tn hiu ph hp vi ED-137. Phn
mm AM-voice tiu chun cung cp chc nng VoIP, tuy nhin, ng dng
chnh cu hnh VoIP ty chn (VCA) li yu cu nhp v chnh sa thng s
hot ng.

21