You are on page 1of 201

Dont use user upload link

'
' r uN
in) l Komalimedai.blogspot.in
pi@l eK5 9l/ &H)<
9IO e 9=r)lMm. &H)<
e 9 9Pp9' p&,
49m e9/H> e9'>m
(/9FkmP . o.r ZFFn)
)' m i e..k
=Fk@l e 9)I i>)
NGm. e o.9>m, 5Np9Fm,
&H)m e e)nm e9>p9F 
o. aO (klk) eZ
@(r m e y>@F P > e 9>)
R< ZFFn) e)f.

RI95Im ( in)p&H)<


e9.m90m RZ9r Q(fm,
<0m kp9tF) .
i5l &H)H)rf e 9> e9'>m
9I7p9F@l e 70m a)
in) l *n/H>m e / Rm&=7m.
(I79P l H)l .m &[)r,
( P >. 9
49<*.n> O> @ (
() e97, &H)<*.n> e9I7
n)M  5H>p 9rk
Zm. ap9>) MrB
H5 m. R(> 9'G( MrBmF e)
a5m uF*l 9 9H>=7(
a>) i 7 Re m N
Mrn> n5.k=7>. i / 9.m )m
e  9Pk=7m e /
ep9H>5l. aOf e 9>
9=rn>e5l) M.=7> e /
K(  R< Rm&=7m. a)
ep9) in) p& 9=r)l
l. H>@t .H>kM
m/<. eKH>k )NH5
(m9H) a> e9'>m u)@ 
i.km. i) u.k= 5l u)@
N K@.km, 9PH> 9
@(r <M Rr( 
9=rn>eZF RZ9rlkm R O
Pe l F(p9tP.k=7m.

a 9rn
9rn)
rn) H>k
H>k
H>klF ,

r  ,
 ,

 
 
95p&N
5p&N
i)I & &H)<
@(r <MkeZ en>M
6 Op&M aH>
e.m l i>. an) *
7M oNMf ' e y
IH5.k=7m. lMp9IO
m/m9> 95p9H5 e9 r @9t
9> i50m ])4m o. 0k
8n5.km. a )@rk
P (l k7@l 8>
e 70m )/lk ( [p&
.=7m. ( OptF *l
uM @(r < o..k
P)P@l eK)p9t a4p9p9tF)l
Bh.k( a(n>@tF o 7m.
en)e. ) nm o.'6l
h.k( mO@FPnm)? &H)m
9IO rm ]I9H>m ZGm
e6Fp9tF l) a>. in) 0m
a) eH>Be l0m e /
Rm&=7m. e)FkH5l i.n> )Nf
aH>.m www.Freetamilebooks.com
iG )M RZ9r 5..q[
arlkm, ar)m K@.km
R O m7Zm. ir a &m,
)Nfm ile 7l 9 l
'  iFH) e9IO.kP >. in)
a<:Nm )N( eKH5 u/5
e y5l Rm( F
i.H5k=7> uZ() .
Pn)N (N m il) Rl
eKH>kM )N Ik=7m. i>
mt;p& e 9)l, eKH>kM
e m(9H5 e6F ZP
a m ) [ l9 u.=@tF>.
i)I lM )n>)@ a7B rr
Nj, &*tr . ,
iN..n)m = );rlk
a & [n) R O!

95p9
5p9'
9'
' r K

N
NNs (I/m
(
( (F
l aO
aO
O uN
42 l @(r  9=rfM RZ9r
r  ,    = r
pi@l eK), );r r*
tNmp, Ng* el* = r
e)H)H5.k=7r. in)
9=rfl Rl, /)M@F
tN lMp9IO .H>k
a5m uM) a) )rne)H)
9PH) RZ9r p&) NGm
m7Pnm.

i5l e*<F , F6l (;,


9N5&Nm, eIOe97 n5 `,
n5 k Fn) n5 m, (IB MNm
= @(r  uN )[p9tFv56l
ek PH)( e / m/5l
) kl. (IOptF tNl
H)r N  (m9tF
) (6keZM)
8k=7 .

e(  &H)H)rfF,
a) H) a49<M
9=rn>e=7r. 9.m )<
9PH)) aOn)) e9'
e9k=Vm9 (5IM itP
k=7r. a> 5.F
9p9=7>? o.r ) @l
aOn)) i e.r ep9Pnm o.
)*.n> aOn>@F P >. aO>
/, e)'n>e> /.

&H)p& e 9> i / u( (k


;*l iG )M< Qm e9.m
)l9PnF @Ip9= 7. 9r
&H) F6l n>, &H)H5
&p9Fm eH> iG )MH5l
a)H)P eH> rFr e y>
7n) @k <=7r.
=ZPl e4m .@ Qm
 lM )N@7k= kPnm
aMf e)`lt9m u)@ e ynm9>,
e7  9Pk (m) Zm.
inl 9 9 N  Mrkm
l NZm e 9>) e
 . R O

N (\r
(\r
1

o. )F 5k
5k eK5
eK5
K5
P)<

o. )F 5k
5k eK5
K5 P)<

hn)N
hn)N N( 
N( 

Bh
Bh
Bh95p9
5p9m
9m

 y
in)p&H)m Kk )F5 o..k
h.N eK5 P)<Mp9IOp9h=7>.
i5l i)I 9PH)r 9
Mp9t (I 5NtP
&H)( 9 (G )rfk ) r
e y 9 9H5 > 9=@tF>. h.N
e ([)y )  aF Mm
tPkeM u)fm o. 9Fp& e /
i)keMm.

i l9 ) (p9k=l )
)/M uGrn>e=7 o.
([)[ )FH) in) eKH>l
)'k P=7>. a>) in*
e9' 9(.

P)< e 7l i..m eK5 )p


95f e y5.n)l a> 9Pp9rlk
i 4m p& a49m u.
u)@6.km. in) P)H5*.n>
h.Nfk P)m eK5 ' P)<
e  i.km e 9)
&'n>eM Pnm e 9>
BhP Rk( e /
e)' @l.

h.N@ eKH>kM eRtM


k(l i.n> ip9> H)5l
&H>GrB ]I9tM> e 9>
e  (/k P ) uZ(.
2

Q / )P
)P r 

Q / )P r

t' aeV

N>
N> 95p9
5p9m
9m.

( .

;n)lk NX e(`6*.n>
)`l eK)p9tF Rl. m, &Nt,
];, 9GkNr, 9, NH)m e
9 @V <M e)tBe l=7> ).

Q / )P r e4m RtF hNZP


Km t Mr i..k e5N
m e ynm i. eNrMp 9IO
) i>.  u/5  .H)/m
)  in) )H)MH5
ivMf eZFtF( (I7 Pn(
e / B r ( i.n)>. ' r
a) 5H5.k=7r.

5il,
.( &eNp9ei.' RtFk
o.@y[nmu)f=7r.
(k 9NtFme(H>p9 ,
)P re r?
maFkp9tF)? hk r?,
a )m r?,
ar )n)i7n>=Fk=7rep9P?
e9N9Ne)F)FkmhN <n5k=

utrn> 9Pk RN.km


;n)lk inl aI&)(
uk tF(H>k tm o /
e 9) (/k P >.
3

9N5&
9N5&N
5&Nm

9N5&
9N5&N
5&N m

'
' r: n. r. an
an)QrH5

95p9
5p9m
9m: am.)
m.),
), e
e .
.

er' pMm

N(Gkm9H5l 7n)  )


N ZF[l (I9Pp& 9PH>@t,
9N5&Nm e4m a> e n) {.k
.=7 . a< ([)rM
aP(9  k=p`nm 5
(9m e<m >r@tP.k,
a)kM 9l/ `l a
Ik=7 . e > a
I? 9NtFH5l e 7
e / m/=7> R* uB p95.

Rl 9 _p9> {.k )l


(hR)  k p9I/m, 9I/m
m9H> ([)[ 9r `6l
e 9)He)'n>eMZm.
Kk |Np `6l 9PH)r
aOf rn) )MH5 )Fl,
)@p&, n), uN Fl
a(=7>. &N_r 9h> a)
) ( eF) 6l <=H5l
.=7>.
u r56B rn)[ ()M@l
o. e *B e y 8p9)Im,
a)Be ynm9> ]I9m QH5
e5r@k 9)tFH5nm, 9m,
9eH)nm RrH5  Rr( 
95f e y>M 9Fp& inRl e /
m7m.

i/5kt6l )NG o.
)9H5Nm e ynm e lM e9.m
5.p9H) ]I9H>=7>. QH5l
( ( o 7 ^PH>keM
5k 5 t e)nm
9 9H) ) N i.k=7r
e 9) e5l &' km
eKH>k an) QrH5nF >.

9)tFm ]I9m t 


Mk=N(H) eH> )*H (kFm
ek l>, 6l ;f
@V < = I7k m7m. in)
iF<l (  9)tFm
p9rM t e y=7>.

eH>keZF @V H)p
e9/H)N P @l. e)F.=7>.
5 (  mtF_ e 9>
e/m Rmk (tm eZ
e;@l. a) H> e y) 9
@V < i< uZ. )rp9> e 9>
|Np (5I ' >. l
i< I7 ZP 9_ e 9>
9N9Np& e 9)H)ZP (I7<Mk
' 8Im o 7m. an)QrH5
in) )6 R  9H)
(N l(l n)r. in) e y5
aOnm9>, )6 u<
u)@ y i.km.
4

&R@l
R@l

'
' r: =.H5
=.H5

Bh
Bh
Bh 95p9
5p9m
9m.

N<


i>fm o. aOf rn) uN FlM


a5m eZF>. ) Rr> iNZ
iF<lkH) . o / =Mp
(Ie7 / e. tF6l
)H>Bkl, Nm e e7lm
mO0m, oN a0H5l 
e ynm RZ9r m9H5I
8Km kl, 9m, *,
), (=B e iI7 &
R@l H5N(k=H).m 1955 Z
&;k( eKH>.

eK)p9tF m rn) eKH>


e 9)l i / e9/(nF p9>
(tm ) >. (I79P e9'
hN ( rm bZm eKH>
e / m7 ) k( i.k=7>. 
uN Fl @)r9 9h> 9
Erk=7>. e9Z G<,
u rRH)Nrk e9Z k
9IO 9h=7 Rl i>.
m )ZP inRl >
)6H)ZP )H>m e 7
6l i.km. e9'
p949m akm e /
m7P >. H5l )<=
9>90M> inRl k
N(m ]I9FkNG( i.k=7>.
5

9yk
9yk
yk.m&

9yk
9yk
yk.m&

'
' r: 9) '
9) '

95p9
5p9m
9m: )`[

(lt
tF

9yk.m& e 9> )` i)`l


en) tN K( 
e)p&.

 t9( eMl h uM>.


RNP  a) aO P >.
i e / o O*.n> o 7
e9.= m rH)F )ZP
om in) eKH)M e)Fr>
e))l.

9yk.m& .k a)


@)p9F 9 _kZm.
ap9>) a) an) @H), .
aO ` =Fkm. a(f
ep9F  9 e6Fp9tF
9tP l e RrH5. Rm e l
) <m 9)nm tFkm in)
)' m) in) eKH5l  4k
 eR.k(>..
Kk )> uH5 ;,
aN  e Kk eK56.n)0m,
7> 9l )I7(km a)
uMFk Rr(6
MH)pe9/H)N 87
p94m ).=7 N5) i>.
R 7 n>9Pk, ()
uN Fl e y inl 8B (
u)fm.
6

l
lFr
Fr F*6
F*6
F'kOp&
F'kOp&
'kOp&

l
lFr
Fr F*6
F*6 F'kOp&
F'kOp&
'kOp&

)`l:
`l: .
.))s
))s

 .u. 95p9
5p9m
9m

[
[ r
V
V

se96[ k= o@ N F*6


Op& )[H) (  a(
uGrfM ekt=7>. a)
@)H5l )  ip9PH) e /
o@ m e 7 {Fm )@rH>
ektm eKH>. {FH)nm
R 7 9 9H56.k=7r.

  @(rk=7r, ) nm


) o@ < OH) .H>kMnm
 ep9F  m/=7r. Ff
OH) eKH>kM e>fm
eK)@l.

)k uMeKB F* e9/=7


iFm OH> )*l 9Pkm 9>
a5rB  i.n)>. l
ove..km o. e9., o.
iFH5l i.n> uMeKB, rm
=Fk=7>. e)Frn) E9 ) H
e)Frn> )kk O aM@
bZ)l =Fk=7> e 7l a>
e>H) i.kt(. 9
o@ <lm OtH) (nF
i.k= 7. a)p&'n>eM
8B m 87 @V ym
)p9=7>.

in)kOp&M 9Pk= 7rlk


F*6 o@ <Mp &'n>eM
O> yp& uM> e 7 m7m.
7

F6l
F6l (;( e(.e9
/)
/)
))

)`l:
`l: . /
/m

5 95p9
5p9m
9m

GX
G XV

i5l )rne)kp9tM
) )r@I
e(`e9 rp9MNp9NtF Zm.
RrH5  e)p& i>.

F6l (; e4m e' /)


/4km, /km iF 8Km
e9 re)' ) im&' )
a 9p9h=7 () e9.m
9N(km ). iHe)p 7n)
/)  i> i.k=7>.

((l NP e4m /) *s


( 7 eK5 >.  , =NZt
= i.' @l u5rn>@F)
)nm, a 9nm 9h=7>.
@ & l9 7 eR.kP
;l0m, (5 ENm I7> i.k
i>9 7 )) u)fm. ^ZF
/)e  iB/) e)pl
htPktFm. 30 9k<lk(l
^l=7>.

i.m&k;n) qk)  ik)


o. 956l )ZFMm
a(kBe l0m m9<MB rn)
;n) 8N)N
8 p9h=7>. i> o. k= (
Otk) em. i) H5l
9PkZP ) i>. eKH)Mr
m a<)m, 9Pnm 8Nm9 eK>9r
e / e5l uGNPnm.

7 /)l R  ek
PH)() uM>. RNH5l
\ el e4m /) (@
)Ie e y>eM, \ el o.
/ uGf @56l 9H5N<
K9N =7r e aN
9;= =Mv e 9r eK>m P)m
`  \ el 9IO aO=7m.
ar ) ( > eZM 9 H)
aOn> Zar e9.=7>. <=
H)O ZP a49@k ZP
Rl /)MkeZM
e(`e9 rp&B /)Mk
eZM e)p& i>.
8

e*s Mk
Mkel
el

)`l:
`l: hp9N
hp9Nv
9Nv


[

in)k) NX @l uM e[


=Npt 9560M @) NyB
( m o 7 a5l  e ynm
9_ t m 9 H5l ep9P
a) p9IOr e / @'km
/Rl m.

)  'H> k=7 @)M


uZGkmF> e / u6N >B (
.5 )  a`H>ke=7
ae. l aM> G,
Rm u6r k= m. an) u6r
i.n)l(tm) @)M  'H>
aI7 Rm p9I7 Pnm e /
Rm, )  'H> @)M O>
uZ, u6r;k=7 . er([6
9'l, 9l6Nm , t kGk
(k 9, n))k)ll
u6';k= 7r.

&H)H) 9PH> PH) eKm


@, ) e l* @) ]
eH> ptFr., a> ' , )7
e 7l  r )  a< e9.H5
eRhk ^5  ) 
uGrn>9rH>keM Zm.
i/56l iFme9IO.km RrGl
eKH)M' ()km/=7>. in)
0m ', Rt\m eK5 9 e4m
0m ' m/> 9 ([)[
a7fGr H>p9t@m
e 9)H) . an) 8pI e5N
in*l )  9* k=kelm
t ) )9H5N( uM
ae B r ( 9rk=7 .
t 5Mp9IO H)l i5l
]NM( uM.
9

57 s=5
=5
=5 s=H
=H)
=H)
&5
&5m

.
.. 


e5r e
e

n
n)(_
)(_9;[B
9;[B 
[B 


. @ eKH>k e 7


ek eZFtFm) . a> Rm(
Rm {r ([)r )lk iKH>
e l0m 6l i.p9)H)
m/=7 . aKH)( ap9tF(
=N(H5l i.km 9l/
/9M a.k u' 6l
9Be l0m eKH)Mr ar.

9;[B  e 7 5> 9Pkm /


o.[ k, ('H>
e 9[ k e iv@NZm
(O (O 9 _k= 7 inR*l.
in) i. 9H5N<lm 5k 56l
7n)r e 9) e5l uGN
Pnm. i)l) /
9;[B  eFy, in5N_ e
i.Nnm (   (H>F
5t), an) )ZF6*.n>
)pk P=7>.
('H> 5.(G() N m
yBh=7 35  ) . ) RnF
9H> u7<=.9r e 70m,
Rr( r. i.km )
)y(( ( > )l n>
@=7>. a> o.)k)
.=p9=7>. aH) 7 .m
o. @)pe9Z_Fm ]I9m
e)Fr& e ) Rr=7>.

..  e)FrB 


p9rlkH) e)'nm ar
uF07f 9 7I7 eK>> ar
eKH) @I9)I o. `. l
ar R*l a) (tm ) ( 
e5l. i[ oZGnm
(7k P > e 7 /)
u6r(6l n)>. i) 9Pkm9>,
ar )> ep9)k( /)
PH) ep9P ;(
9 9H56.p9r e /
&'n>eMPnm.
10

9NV
9NV 7
7

F 9*k
F 9*k,
*k, E


 ks
ks

H)(
H)(tP
)(tP

5 Be m(l m


Pn>@tF>. ) [ l9,
I7Be l9M )k u'
8  H>F e ynm R r 5N6l
e9.=@tF m i>.

F r F 9*k= I7H5.@; @
Erp&k 9NV 7
<= . I7H5.@;@
9N9Ne Erkm I7l i5l
ile 70m, I7Be l9
N F r F 9*k ek
pPH) R r. i5l e)Fk t
Rl R  m9H) bk=pPk=7
o / e 95l | l.

<@ H5Im, F 9*k=


H5Im  /9M o@ r
tP6.km. P (t( (/)
uM> e 9> ]I/keM
P @l. F 9*k=
eB 'k RFPk 9
hN ( i.n). RI*6l
i.n> eKn> e l0m
tkp ) F 9*k <@
FH5l n5.k=7r e /
e)' .> 5k 5.p9m.

F 9*k, < e (O (O


) /) O> &'n>e>
P( i.n)>. aH) i);
e5r9rkkm F 9*k NeP i>.
H)kt ^kp9F(l ap9P
kp9tM> uI (
@V m) . ZFM e 9> o. 5
OH) 9`Be l e 9)
e(`e9 rp9M.k r e l>?
11

a5 a(56l
a(56l

9vs *e
*e v
e v

e e\
e\B
e\B e
e 



m&

NX ik= m) . RZ9r d@Np&Nt


eH) l i>. e9.m Z( 9Fm
i) )K@ > e / mOr. s
e4m reZ 9r 8Km H5l
tP.=l / 9FkK
i.k=7r. a< e9Z K o /
96Ik .=7r. )6l
|n>9r (t( .=7r. v),
;[ , =', * , g[ 
irM o. H5l ;n>@tF
er( Nr 16 9N ep9P
eH>=7r e 9>) ).

)6 Pf eR=B  ) p9I/


9FH5 i/5kt9H)
e 70m a>N60m 9 _km
) m 9IO 9 t9(
)lM )`6l )n>eZF
i.k=7>. an)p9'l 9<e9/m
ove.Np9IOnm H>l* (
ar e k @Mkm
iFm R 7 i.n)>.

i5l OpFZP > OptF |n>


9.m eZP.p9> 7
n)<Mnm, ev@) 96Inm
eZPN)r e 9>m) .
irMkeZ s e 
e y)r e 9>) 9N9Np9 )6
( m. i/56l a.m i7n>@F
e5' >p9k=BtPl o. nm
e *;n>@F e5'M 9_ km
t )' H) 9Pk= 7 R(k
).= 7 o /.
12

) pNX
NX
9Fp&
9Fp&
p&m
m

: Nr =r
=rN
=rN

]r
]r]

) pN eKH>kM
) 7  H)0m, a
( km 8 .m
eKH>k e 95l | l.
ove. )lm aPH)t (k
i 9, > 9<M 9h= 7) uM>.

(9l, ah (P, a(n> e4m


/)l (9l 9 n) h9m
eZF e9Z e(l Qm, ;
)' H>F e5relm ;
( p9H5nM>.

ah(P ) tB( o.r )


) m/) uM>. ) `
iNZ9' k
ZFF=7m. a) ` )
m/9' (5l uM a)
uGrBM Rm aF=7m
e 9> B r ( uZ(.
, @H  r e i.'
) ;( o. QH5
FkP ikK@ K( 
Nyn> eK)p9tF ) e u/5 
m7Pnm. uFl OH) m ep9>
R(k il(*.k=7>. (0m, (0m
)Pke= 7, aF= 7 aH>m
uF0kH) e 7 6l pNX
eK>m k= < elm 
;( e / m7m. 
B)( ) i e /
m7Pnm. en) ^5nm, 9)nm
il(l ) ap9P
87f/= 7. i> k= (
@V ( .>=7 .
13

96t
96t <
< r
r!

.(F 
(F 

9N5
9N5 &H)
&H) m
) m

NP
NP 

in) l e(`e9 rp& l al.


p949m OH> 9=rn>e= 7
O aO l e 7
eMZm.

' r &f e / i/56l


mO0m, ip9P ' r i.n)l
evMf R 7 i.km e / ]<
H)5l l eIOe9IO.k=7>.

1848 l 7k=7 p< 22 m  5l


pkl 96H )rne)H>
Ik .=7r. Q / )7M
Ikm yp e9/=7r. 9
k= l(M 9
u.k=6.n)0m (k i)
iNZFm )N 9  .>= 7r.

RI9>  )m9>, 25  >pe9Z


Hv )*H> (Gk=7r.
Hv4F Km o. Z 9 Rl
(I7<M uZFk, ar 96l
(Grlk PH) ' N=7r.
(@6 .H>k aN Erk
rp_  (@ i7n>9
, a) 9I/=7r. (@
5.(GH5I )l R RFe9/m
8e Ol m/m rH))
t9 sFr ps.

NkH)k 9PH> e l9H)ZP


9 @V < in*l uM.
14





pN s p
p eK5
K5 P)<,
)
)

)`l:
`l: .
. ))s
))s

 .u. 95p9
5p9m
9m

ay


@ NG Rp9Pkm9>
an) R* 9H5Nm a49@km (
uMB  9Pkm a.m
a49@H5.k mm. a> ' '
eKH)I7 a5  )l>
)Kk (IO e(`e9 rp9M'
u;p&.

(8M a) aKH)<M
H>l* ( @'H) ap9Fp&
a) ' N aO HbZ>
i l9 o 7. ' N aO)
Qm (t( 9Fp9 K( 
aO , uGN, u<)l H5 (m
eKH)Mrl i.m o.r.

p@ (8 e9'>m


uGrB p9tF 86l) uM>
e 70m a5l 8)m uM>
e 9) ik)M km9>
uGNP=7>.  e) )k
u6N  p9H) 0m
a)M6l an) u6N
) [F.n> @km NG<Mnm
Rr(  eB m 9yBhm
9k<Mm.

(8p7f e 9> i l9


eKH)Mrlk ]I9m o. 8) .
in) eKH>l p@I in)
) ( a5m 8n5.k=7> e /
ar eK5 eKH>k ` uGN
P=7>.

am(kMl n) o. M6


() ap9fk eK5 P)H5l Rm
uGNPnm. a), Ry(6l
)yn) uFl ]I9H>m 9
NB M, )* ]km,
eKH5I u;p&m, pt
nm pN s p
eR.k=H)l=7>. P)< e 9
an)n) ;*I e 9)
uGrn) 9PkZm. an)6l
in)kP)< (I/m ) pN s
p@ () Kk  4k
uGrH) I9= 7 o. e)p&
em.

)n)k o. P)m e / 9
9k<l ^lm P)(>, m9m
e 7 a(p& )[([)
tp9Ml ep9P )H>
RnI7 Q6l eh=7>
e 9) @Mk( 9h=7>. )
)n)6 Qrk( e le /m,
e e /( e l9
m9H50M ove.Nnm ep9P
(m )n)rM (IO > e /m,
he(`Ml en>9 ) 9
Rt 9IOnm (n57n>9hm p,
) )n) OH)  Rl
@V <Mnm m7H) <5l.

n) , () ( km 9


9k<l ^lm P)< p@
a I ]<m RnI7 o.
;n)6 (8 oH)
m. Rmk6 7t uF* qNI7
) (6l eKH50m 9Pn5.k=7>.
l a)l) uZ( 
i.k=7>. H5 06l
^PH>m e)Frn>m kp9tm
@5kp9tm .=7> e 9>
8)r ( uZ(.
15

@ <p9
<p9ZG

@ <p9
<p9ZG

rj
rj rel
e l

)`l:
`l: .R.
R.h

RIOG
IOGp
Gp95p9
5p9m
9m

a*
a*
) e / mOl oI7'6l
mO@Fm. @  p9ZG6l uM
) @NtP@t @<
a) t e y Ik= 7.
an) t6 5tF< 9IO >)
).

(0m i> OtH) (eZF


). 9Pk 9Pk i> N 9P
e y=7> e / e)
aOn>eMPnm. 1930 l eK5
) i 7km 9Pk *p&
]I95l e 7l a)I NGm
rj rel* eKH5 qNm
e / m/ . NH>m, (H>m
e / mO aH>ktlm (k
8I= 7. t6l 9<, a5Nm
=FH)fF e =7> an)
rH)? i)I t
e y)rMktP0m, {;l,  m,
 7, Nm e / i 4m
Qrk( 9 _k=7> eI/V
e t.

9 O @<p9ZG6l
(Z(pe9/p9 ]I= 7.
a5l sR9l 9 O
) BhIOnM @<M
)NrMp 9rk=7>. eRp9*
9 O sR9 )> e5'  .5
a) 9ZG6*.n> @NtP, )
) 9)@ ]I=7>. ar
H) 5tF<, @5 e)Frn>
a`kp9tkeZF6.k=7>.
9e, 9 m ]I9= 7>.
u;p&) 7n)> e / )
il(l m u;p9 (kF.n>
e9I/ arM n) e y @F(l
(Fk=7> eRp9* 9 O.

NX mt[ t 'k'


ZF>m, 9Pnm e y=7r e /
d@Np &Nt en)H)r. ivMf
(H>m 9hm ir tk
n)l (tm e  (O@m? t
(/=7> e 9> t (/).
n) (/> al e 9)
9=N<( 9h=7>. @(r m e 9>
o /) 9Fp& al> a(p&
M.)I R  ` e / R
Rm&=7 .

k(, t9( in)p9P


e)Frn> H5l @l ) 
^tPH>keZP.p9> i 4(
(klk e / mO )k aN l
) <M e9/m
;p&5Ml) . ar
a5Nm e9I7fF , )  &Km o.
mtFH5 u)@  (k @N)
e l9M aKH)(
QrkH>F e ynm @)H),
9N`fBe l9tF aKH)( m7
=7> in) Rl. e(`e9 rp
7pl inl 9Pk (0m
E9tF ak=7>. H5II9
(/m e(`e9 rp& a m e 9)l,
i)  =;k 95p9H5l
e7.r e(`e9 rp&
e y5.k=7r. @nm in) 95p9
 @F 7f. a)nm 9PH> 9rk
Ikm.
16

e*<
e*<F
*<F

h(N
h(N
(N

Bh
Bh
Bh 95p9
5p9m
9m

p' 
p' 
)Fem
)Fem9

{tP60M e*<F e4m {'


)I7m OH>m, a5l i 7
(m N Km ([)r f
OH) 95f) h(N eK5
e*<F Rl.

 l* 9IO eKH>k,


)N<M, ([)rM Rkm o.
([)p9IO Op&M ^= 7.
ar i7p& 8n)9>m, ar (
9IO Op& ^MkmF) e4m9P 
e(`6l uNRF6l eK)p9tM>
ap95.

\H) m( e 7 e)yH5 )


iF .=7> e 70m a5l o.
iNGH) uGNP5l. 0@l
5_H)> 9l i.k=7>. a)
N(tF , am, RN G , ZG
e n) H5*.n> )Im
N .m 9H5N< aOm
7p9) u.kp9tM>.
a), 9N)pN)(r 9hm9> .m
Ns5 B r aOm )6l O>
bNm )ZP .=7>.

9& e =7 )9H5Nm ' r)


e 9) km .m uGNPnm.
9l/ uGrBen)p& e9.
9& Rm (O )@p&Ml
al=7m. N( , th(G 
e i.' k  p9l
8Nm >. th(G km aN>
aZ_k( u7f k k
(5 uG.m9P i.k=7>.
Ns5 B r i/5 
th(G 6Fm 9hm uN Fl
B)( ( uMB  etPm
p )rn)rH)l
a(kp9tM>.
i) 9&fk e', @(, n)
= e9ZM ]I9m
u7fBklMnm, k= ( a>
a> @l ]I9H>m
@MfMnm, 95p&Mnm,
a5rBMnm RrH5  95f
e y5.k=7r h(N ar.

i /m Rn)9l e =7 RF 9IO


9r QH5l ep9P i.k=7>?
]MH5Im, =ZF0km ik=
uMr. i/56l a ekm
uB ( Pf &H)H)
)<P (l :; H) 4m (m
k=7>.

in) R*l .m e9Z a5m.


in) e9Z )N o. a
8;H)P e)Frn> @0m mF
an> 5'=7r. a> =Fk)
9> aK> aNI/=7r. )6
(P6l 9*l)9>, 7 tP
( )m tP 9 87f7)
() a 9H)P om ([)r
87 uMr. i5l e9Zlm
Zlm ev@) I7fGrBnm
e5l.  Op& ove.
9H5NH5 rp0m uZ e 70m
a e>fm  4k P@
ekHbZ5l.

@(@ etk .m Rn)9l


e4m 5.R< 9IO 95, 9&
n5km aH> e9Zlm )
Mrp&H )y ut9F ( 
9')@p9, ](I7H), h(n>eZ
.m i.lm 9 l>
=7r. e*<F k= (
) e / o 7 (tm eZ
i <5l. 9 )
o e7eF / [pGn> i/=
9Pk, 9Pk R(> @l 8Km
t 9 RFe9/=7>.
i/5kt Rm(l inR e /(
(7k P (l e y>@=7>.
inR (7k P (l e y>
a50M 7 ) u6rp9
H) () . i50M ove.
)nm o. /)9 e l0=7>.
7 ) @)6 qNm eZF
0 in) R eK5 h(N
arlk &5 a49H) )'k
H))I e R OMH
e)'@H>ke=7 .
17

)[ (6
(6 /
 Z
Z

)[(6
(6 / Z
Z

p'
p'
p' l r
r 
r  (rk
(rk
rks
s

)`l:
`l: h(N
h(N
(N , ym
ym hpN(
hpN(_
N(_

Bh
Bh
Bh 95p9
5p9m
9m.

RH)'
)'
)[(6 / Z Rl o.
&fm rn> tF(kp9= 7
o /. (n) e4m u=l Km
(k 9IO ) em. (k
mtFH5 ) \
ark5  & n5N@
)7 e)FrB  @
e)Fkm, eBnm) ).
)**.n> Pf N .m
ark5 , afN*  =
e9 r ;p9m ]I9H50m
9km uM m9 u7fM
9rH> e)F yp& i.k=7>.

ove. )760m, uM
([)r (5l @nm )[()
)6 9he9.M uM>.
kp9m m e9/H> 9@)(
eZG< (7m. in5 (N9
k= ( (n5vm OH) 9
@V < i5l ;(
m7p9= 7. i5l k= (
) RFH5Be l> )7
)l \ ark5 @
(@  urh) .

9Pk 9Pk (m e9.m H5l


n>9> 9 o. um
9IO ). k k=
a(p&M ;( uGrfM
m/) a(H5.km h(N ,
hpN(_ 4km H>kM mO
Zm.

eR.<= u7fk 7km ;n)


an) m9H) PH>km e
urh mO@t i7k=7. i)
e(l e) 9tF < m/>m
k= H>m e9/=7>.

5.m9H5.m9 i) 9PH>H)


&'n>eM Zm. ]e[l
aH)9' f i5l
e)kp9t uM>. (rks ]
eZFFp9=7r e 7l i)
^< 9PH) uGrer.
18

Fk
FkO
O a*
a*(

Fk
FkO
O a*(

: Nr =r
=rN
=rN

eVvp
eVvp

9r\ e 7 are P


eKH)M' &
)Mp9PH) )
inp9PH) . an)  l
9 ) /=7>.

a*(@ ) RrtPl e)


9Pk P=7 ) al.
p9rlk 5p9H).m )
i>. a*(@ l(nm aH) >
em. a*( e 7 e9Z_
k 9 _km )FH5
aM 9;= r, aOn)r,
(Gm e y>eM @.m r, {Fm
e O> O) aMp9IO
e)'n>elm 76 )
P(p& hN ( o /.
)[H>( p& a49m ).=7
o / in) ) e l0m 7 e /
8B ( m/ .

i5l a*(@ e9' p9


\&l@ ) )[e .
/)  5=l9Fm9
uGrH)n)>. a*(@ 9tP,
iF   &p9> a5l o.
iKp& 9H5' Mr iKp9>, [(
i kRr a*( RPkp9>
OH> RZ9[Fm 9h> ep 9
iF<l mr(  eM0m,
9' m eKH>kl orn>M.

a*( e =7 in) R ^<


/) 9 kPnm. iGH>m
R km. a*(@
l( 9IO aO> RrtP
`6l e 9> )l aH5  m
(tm) . (I79P aH>
aH5  <l( 9Pk eH)l :;
kP )9P (meH5 97k=7>.
Rl Pn) 4m mF a*( ip9P
i.n)M, i.kPn( e e7lm
8Nm9  kdr. ap9P i.n)l
ep9P i.km e /
eZ_p9.<M . R 7H)
i.k=7>. mF O> 9 (fm
i.k=7> il ? :Nr
=rN@ eKH>kM e)Frn>
k Rmk {tm l i>.
19

e 7r
7r 9r
9r\

e 7r
7r 9r
9r\

es. N(=.X
N(=.XG
=.XG

u6r(
6r( 95p9
5p9m
9m

)k'h
)k'h

are P@l 7n) 9r\


e 9r 9IO aO l i>. )
m9H5l )H), ap9 )IeZ
eKH)MrM i.n)0m 30 >
 5l 9r6;n>9m a9 m
9m 9 i'
m9H)He)Fr=7>. k:
9_&'nm ap9fk Z9r
9O9 9 iF<l e /
)<=7r.

) uF* 0@ ( OH) ]km


)[(6l 9r\ a76l
aFk=7>. e)Frn> &H)<M
u(=7>. / 5l @) o O
e(`e9 rk=7r. e(y6 l, &f,
ZFO)l, m 9 7IO >
e9.m )leZ i'
eKH>kl a )7(l
iFme9/=7>. H5l 9 Z
9_ IO eK5 n) i.k, i'
eKH>kM l 9r
<=H5l e(`e9 rkH)
iNp9IO e)' n5.k=7>. 7n)
{'l i.k e9.m (' ) uM>.
)9l), RG m,  e / 9
a<:N<, eN<
=FH>M.

9r\ ke / 
aPp9FH)5 )p9= 7>.
<= ik= N/ OH>
aOn5.kZm. 7n)9t m 
@V < e)' Zm. ]
avMf bNm, .e N( ,
9  9 7rM> eKH>kM
e)FN  aPp9F )I
u aOn5.kZm 9 7
)p9= 7 il ? es.
N(=.XG 9 l*.n>
)Pp9PH> rH> in) 
u.k= i.k=7r. a.k R O
e)'@kZm.
20


  9IO
9IO
IO N/
N/


  9IO
IO N/
N/

ir@< sF
F

)`l:
`l: hN

 .u. 95p9
5p9m
9m

*&l
*&l
  OH) k N/ a'
(8 OH) e) H5NH)
).=7>. &H)H) :; k
P )9P  @I ])> o.
Rl @V m RFn> n)Vp9N
e / e9.m 8N  uM>.
 @ 8 9Pk 9Pk
(  ( uMB 
]I9H>=7>.

e)Frn) &7k_p&m, 8N'p&m en)


)Nfm il) 8nm  
)H> (Z_l eH>=7>.
9's 8k'BhN< 956l
]I9m 8fM OpFm. ()m,
Ff, y4k ] bN(
i.k=7> e 7l a > 9p9m o.
i) H5I, aKk9Pn) MH>9
N<lk a.=l il.
)Nfm il. ) 
arp9_H> 9 9_M e y>m
 @l Nnm p9I7
P5l. RI9>  5l
Pn>9m  @ @'p&
Rm( dN) > NH5l *RNm( hZP
iKk= 7.

@ e t  @ k O>


(=B  i.k=7 m e 7l a>
ar =OsP e4m e9ZG
i.km m) .

r 95 i I 8nm, (5


m > .m  rn> 9l/ fm,
)rH)m m ;p9H) ]I9H)
) 5 a/H> Nkl e4m
o@ H5 (Fle9Zk
9' k=7r  . a<6.n>
Nmk=7> @ e P d@N
(Ry tFm. ( 
uGrB  H)l Pkp9m
@ e t >p9k= l ht )Ie
e y>e=7r. o@ [ 
aOn> 9Fp&M Nk l>
a) &'n>eM e9'>m
>G8Ik mm. o@ o.[
86l) > N( k
a.=*.n> ZF o. a rB
e(`e9 rp9Mr hN ]I9H>=7r.
21

i n5
i n5N
n5Nm

i n5
i n5N
n5Nm

( Ir
( Ir N(=.X
N(=.XG
=.XG

e P

 s
s

a5Np9PktM iF 7>


)Pp9 _km o. ([)[ ).
a[ 9 G` 7 ([)r
fm Rm Zlk  p9F )
Rr=7>.

9=.XG e4m  56l)


an)s> 7n) o. (G |.]. es
)rB e9/=7 . l an)
(=B ktP0m a4k a
m9m i.km :86l (I7
(GrM  5 87n) '
utFN 8H> ]<=7 .
e)Frn> )  ' 4k 8N
k=keM 8H> 5tFt
5.(Gm, Rt& = I7
)rne)H>k e=7 .

l an) u7f e50m il


uZ(  i.kP @l. a
uZ( fm il. i n5Nm m
e9/> a)4 i.km 7 )
a5N @M tk
Rm9H) () . a5NH)
o. i e.N ep9P
uZ(  Rr(  Rt9
]I9H5keMPnm? a))
8=7> i<nm. i> @l
i4k m I7fGr
]I9H>9N ms 96I H5l
i.n> i.k=7r. ms aH>
([)rlk (5p9H> RFp9r.
9_6l  Rr(  o.r. l
aN> m9k a 7N>
)  e5rRk= ulk aKm
`@Nk 86l )l=7>. ar
i/56l )  a5N
@M tP*.n> p9IOkeM
9_ N( e y)
87F=7>. NGm 9tF (5 o.
t  in)kt m7m.
9=.XG[ ((' f,
aN> (, iNZF> (
f, a G[
(RpNB , 9=.XG[
' r, a[ ap9, a>
RZ9 es. e 9 )
8= 7.

aNh i n5NH5 9(= ([


(klk e5N (/m aNh
a0r 9IO Rr(  95f
e / in) R m7 Pnm.
9=.XG[ 9_6l 9r
n>9=7r. ar Gm
9IO )[  9 9k< eK)m.
9=.XG en) o. )[H>m
il(l '  ) 
optkeZ en) u7f
Gp&m il(l i.m&9=
i n5N( =7 e 9>)
i/5p95.
22

o Rt
Rt at
at 5
l
le
e Fr

o Rt
Rt at 5 l
le
e Fr

 t
 tF 9H
9H

9 95p9
5p9m
9m

5l0>N
5l0>N

iMyr (m rn) (s


eKH)Mr  tF 9H5 le Fr
e)Fr9 Rl i>. i> e)' )
e  u<lk?

EV, ' <, N5 , s m e(hN,


.Z (lHN e o. K
9_&'nm in) RZ9r {Fl,
)l, m9m, , le Fr
9IO NB M drfM 9h=7>
in) Rl.

) s m e4m in)kK@


KH)' 9r6l R.=7>.
.Z (vm) H>_B  ;
9Np9 (tFr k=, r
e 9Nrm eZF . a4k
(F  p9m EV >
o.)k)l. s I ' <fF
Nk ap =@F ) mk i;n>
5'=7 . ' <@I ) am(
m e(PN(@l ae('k
KkH) sFr. (kN pF
PH> en) r 'l 9m
e /   . EVfk ) (F
u Nm 9)> 95l e9.m .H)m.
N5@I ) ( r m/m I7m
7Ml GN ZF, *tF'
a<=lk ) ( , 9Np9rk
 .

in) aH) NB lkm


o.R iN@l Ff drkm/=7r.
a) e > arM>
k. i>)  hN (
eKH>kMkeZF Rm9r o
eKH)Mr  tF 9H5 R*
).
) ep9PH><m  tF
H)rlkH e)'nm. e9Z
)  aOm e y>eZ
9 He)F<=7. N6*l e(l
9 _km9> in) )
e)F<=7>.

)6 i/5p95 )rkH5I ap9l


e l=7> e 70m, Nkkm
9P  Pm eZ i.k=7>.

i5l 9H5'k MNy i.n>


le Fr k .m vm)
' N N59*p9 . a[ 9P,
=ZFl, QH5 ) @ e
Rm (5l eK9  i.k= 7.

s m ' < )*H> '>


(7kP > )@p9> e B)(
rp&. )  ](IO 9
a7nm iF.k=7) e (.e (.e (

) RrH>) vm) . i5l


H>_B  ] le Fr
k n) e / m/>,
)Z_ PH>@t tg \t  *l
n5 ep9>, aIO ZGP
l eOn> eR/k> e (5l
) /) e y>@m eksNsv
)9H5Nm.

le Fr mpttFr NB 6l


s)mH> 8I an) 9_MBe ynm
9.m )< NB  OH> 9
8H> e)F<=7r. oN iFH5l
) 8 /@tF) e /
p9F)9P )6 Pm, Z,
e9Z = i.' &'n>eM
P ) G<, le Fr iNf
k, =Fk=7 9Gm, )l, e ks
e  tF[ N< e)nm
NkBe ynm N )H)
]I9H>= 7.

 tF[ Qm OH) e5r@


in) R*l h)n5N(
95=6.k=7> e 9 .
ae('k@ (8nm, ar
RFPk 9IOnm 9 iF<l
9Pnm, a<)m 87
OpFp9=7>.

t H) Rk= 9 GH5I e


k= m e R  am <M m/m
inRl ) i l9
iM(k/m&M @F Qm, 9Gm,
9_6 (8 = I7p9IO
d@Nm eZ 9h=7 9Fp& e 9 .
 tF 9H o. RZ9p9
QH>F uN F Rm)>
9t 9h>) aN> l
eIOe9/)I NGm e /
eM(?
23

e[[
e[[ )

e[[
e[[ )

)`l:
`l: i. (hn
 (hn)N
hn)Nm
)Nm

e e\
e\B
e\B

9vktP

d@Np&Nt e[ 8B m ^
9PkZm e / mO )l
e[[p9IO i).. &H)m
9PH)=@tF>. / 5*.n> aN>
f i.n) ) (km l
i.p9)Im @V < /9
eZP.n)> (=B) . aN>
aZG aekgZFr r
( Nl elp9m GH5*.n>
e)F<=7> e[[ k
(NH) otFm.

u6r;k )p o6l ar


(5l i.n)> Rmk ?
Rmk6 (  e / aO5l)
Kkm e 0H) IH) .
en)kP( ;nm n5k
) r9H5 > aN> )n)6
9_6 Q( e[ I/keZF
@V <) e / m7m.
RtP > ivMf 
H5.km o. ([)[ k
ip9PH) )pH)0m, (7)l
8H)0( i.kkmm. a e7 
i /m ap9PH) i.k=7>
8(?

N6**.n> e5r&NtkNr,
9F.n> )p&>, Q / Z
KH>, eRh = IOl 9yn)
4m ;H> eK>, R eIO
e97 uN m mtFH5l ) )
e H5Ip n5p9> e 9
uGrBN( 9)tF( 5.p9<
uM. RtF uZ(  RH)
o.[ h ')m. (kM RH) o.
)NG ([)[ ).
24

]I e l
e lp9tF
( [ ) r

]I e l
e lp9tF ([)r

);
;

aF Mm
aF M m Ns

FrtP
FrtP

( e)rH)m e / )*
mO@m ) (6l )6
)rH)m u7n) ) ( 9IO e>fm
tkmF>. [ )H), ) )m
u.H5NQrH56 (
H>pM e
e y>@=7r. a> ] e 9>
)7k) (NH)
=MkBe y=7>.

(rk I7ZH)[(
95p& 9 iF<l uM>. i>
a5*.n> /9t 9 _H> R(k
&5 a49H) ).=7>. 9 aN l
e y5 OM .= 7
e 70m (H) a<)m e y>
&5) o 7 u.k5l ' r
; @l e 7 ) /=7>.

); u.km um Rm(


ap9P ErH> e)Frn>k
H)0m, uN Fll B)m
7n>9>9l ) /=7>.
n5 mt>, (rk
R 8f9H>=7>. )k
) e / e l0m Rl K( 
pI en) )F nm
]I9H>5l. Rl I e / m7
) k(>l) l i>.
25

um
um ^)
)

um
um ^)
)

.
. =.XG
=.XGQrH5

)`[

iM N

i> o. )H>l e / R
e  l aPk.er.
.=.XGQrH5 / e 
eK56.kp9=7r? i)
a.km e9.n>=7I9
@(r ( eK>>  N(m.
l o / (t( m7 Pnm.

i>N Rm e y>n)


tF)< aH>m in*
n) Qm uF9t 9= 7.
a &, eZGm, u7f, 5 m, (n5N
uB F< 9IO .H>k
IO0m &5 9'G(H) . @
eKH>k R(k ]I9H>= 7.
i aH>m uN
eKH>P< m. o.r @
tFfF a)I uFP 
95p9> evMf Pm! en)
lMnm 9Pk(l )k )
ZF y o6keZ
95k=7r. e7n) nm 9PH>
a) NH) u<) @F in)
l a) &5rH) (kI9 I/
P( o 7 m.

i) e(`e9 rH) .


hpN(_ 4k in Rm oNMf
e) k Pn)5l e9.m 9<
uZ. en) lMnm @F eK5
rH)MH )ZP
9 _kZP o. e9/p& in)
* e(`e9 rpl i.k
]I9tP.k mm. a.k R O 9.
26

( Nm
Nm

( Nm
Nm

*  Fls
FlsF
lsFy
Fy

e(.
e(.e9:
e9: ).
).9ZP
9ZP
ZP

@M5r

*  FlsFy eK5 inR ).


9ZP 7p9 e(`e9 rp&
e y5.k=7r e / 8B (
m7Zm. (Nm e 4m
inl, 5.(G f, e9Z,
;n), a &, P7p&,
9;k;k< utF 9I7 
@' 9h= 7 )H> oH)>
e / OpFm.

en) a &m il(l uFl (t(


) e / 5.(Gm e y>e=7
5.(Gm o.'  (@I e 
).=7>?  ep9P 79
eZF) (I/=7>? (m Kk
)lm, *l( 8Nm `nm
a< e)F<> ip9PH)
e / Rm&= 7 o.r ) N6l
9 GH5 9>, eN / e)' )
9 _ o.'Fm ) () )
) k m/> 9 a(n>M>.
r&86l 8 / 9 (l @= 8 /
9rkm (m 8B m in) P@I
.5l B r m o /m il.
e9ZMp9IO ( 
@(r e(`  e ln) 9hm
aH>( e9Z_I
tp9M Qm @5H)
e 9) e5l uGrn>eMPnm.

Qm e 9>m, a5l ([)r


o OGn> > OH>m 9
.H>k uM. l (m
Kk )[( RP Km 9.m
uZ. mtFH5 i.n)0m ([)r
) () )[ H)
i.k=7r. in) Rl R(k
]I9H>m uGrfMnm i>9
eMm.
27

& * o.
o. )_
)_

& * o. )_


)_

9.<N
<Nm
Nm

)`[

{._

& * o. )_ )NG(


k I/ l ).m Rl) .
i5l 9 9H)p9tP.km )@H
)@Be l0m uH5 9Pk )*l
5p9) uM>. e(l
(  F in)  9rB;l
(5I 9;k(=7>.

<p9FlMF aH5  <


5.m9H5.m9 kZm e /
l ]I9H>= 7 o /. a)
ute9.M aOnm 9N9Np& (5l
]I9=7>. eMl, a<)m F0k
ap9l 956l 7f. Kk & *
o. )_ 956l 87n5.p9>
9P)m.

Rl en)9> O> &' (l


96.k yp&Z. a5 (,
mr(  k@tFl 9I7nm
)7@m yp& a5( uM>.
9ZP , (_km,  ,
R  e 9.m )`
e l@M t @M >
hN ( 95. );[
i 7 e9.(M 9hm
9I7nm uFH> 9m 9ZP
9Bl H5 aFrH5
Nkkm@)( uM>.

9ZP , eN*Fm 9hm iF<


 B)( uN Fl P<M
m/ .

 Rl9 9 _km inRl


9rB;*F uGrf ir
8fMnm, 9r ;lMnm
@MkH)/5l e 95l)
k= H>m e9/=7>. 7 )
9l/ )l k< e iFm
9IO Nky )7> PH>
8I= 7. in), )> =
NlM e).k 9IO
rG Z  aHe).
u.k= tm
*(eZF  uM.

F0k ap9l )6l e l 


(N)m )l)l@, e l @
m eB a< e)F<=@=7>.
R) i7n) 8Km m9<
i< ([)r @l 9
(I7<M 8H>= 7.
e l @ ) 9IO )l
rG a' GH)km/>
9 RrH5  a(n>M>. 
mtkeZF ar (@,
(Fm Fk ) 
e9.tM (n5Nm mO 9P
iF6F m/> e Nm9(
e yRrH5 9B=7>.

(N)H)p9IO (_km ZG=


op&(p9H5p9hm t6 9P
l aH>m 8=7>.
e l  9.k 9 ,
Zm 5.m9 e97 P)6l.
)H)p&m, )@p&( (8
eZF (N)H5 )
) @t @F (_km m/m
rH)) i< k= ( OpF
@.m&=7 .

aH> >k<Mnm (m


Fn>n>@F Pnm. (5
i;n>@F> i.n)l e4m '
' r ) @ ZFFn)
a49pir( uZ(9
9=7>.
28

R56
56 @Mk
k

R56
56 @M k
k

e .>9v
9v

)`l:
`l: t(.
(.h=
h=

e e\
e\B
e\B

e hH5
e hH5

i> o. /r Rl. am(


@V ( / {r e l,
aN> ( sH  ) ((
etPI a4pkp9=7 . a
(( & FI9F6l 
e y)r. )I9> R56l 9H)
95l @MkM ]IO km
9_ e y>.=7r. a.k N
e / >/>/ e i <m ( o.
i.k=7. sH  a ((
etPI .m9>, e9.m (=B6l
il e 70m, ]) o / =Fkm
e / Rm&=7 . a 8H)>
RFn))? a4k RZ9r
=FH)rM? a< a e9I7
a49m e  e 9>) ).

9 Gm e 9>m, n5k= 7 ([)rlm


]I9H>= 7 a49<M r
@.m9(l i.p9r!. i<m
sH , (( e9Z N, ((
e m, );r dm, X
= 'Fm 9l/ @V <M
I/ke=7 . (( e m6
@l oK<7 uM>. 9
@V <M I/keM yp&
a<) sH @I =Fk=7>.
l )k PH)> e>e
e)' (l )(/=7 sH .
N  rn> N(p9t 9F
otFkI/ke=7 .

dm9@ (Nm Mrkm  OH)


rm,X@ NP  a'
i km, 9_, mtp9ZG
 =  sH @I
9M I ZP )
uGrH>=7>.
)k M )
e y>e>, (I7rlk
6l u)f> e / 9l/
@V <M inRl m/=7>.
]7H); i) RF7 rn)
@V <M I/keM
{kp9H>=7> e / eMm. 
eKH>p; uM e 70m
* e(`e9 rp& OH> n7
]>l. 7p9 9_) .

@Mk e9.H>m  9IO e9'


(' ) il) sH  an)
(t(l> uF0;p&, QM
u;pI I/m 7n))l e /
((@ etPl i.km9>
uGrn>e=7 .

/rlk Rl e 70m,


' r *n/H>=7 9 9Z&
i / 9'F nm
Gk=Fp95l e 9>)
in* k= H>H) uGN Pnm.
29

eIO
eIOe97
IOe97 n5
n5
n5 `
` 

eIO
eIOe97
IOe97 n5
n5
n5 `


 kglNt
Nt

)`l:
`l: (..e.
e. n
n)m

)`[

N 
n5 9l/ tF<l R
OH> 9 9 @V < ep9P o.
8/H) 8rm e y
9 9= 7 e 9) / n56
rH) Qm m/=7 l i>.

] in) &H)m k= m e9/=7>


e 7l, n56 e (I/m
9BhkMf )7
&'n>eMp9tFnm,
Kp9tFnm e7n)
).km 8n5.k( e /
e)' @l.

n5 in*l m/m .H>kM ;l


e9/H> (/) e l9H>>
9IOkm/m eR=fH) ( .H5l
eMZm. (0m n5 )
f K(k( )N(
o 7 m/> ) F QBh
Nkm Rm FPH) uZ(
o 7 . inl k= H>m
e9/>m in) ) (6l) .

R(k Rmk ]I9F e9'


rH) @V <
il(l e(  n56
rH)*.n> eH>
9 9H)p9tP.km ' R 7
e9.n5nM.

e.n)m ar e(`e9 rp&


i5l IO6.p9> k= ( 9<
em. n56 n)M
e)Frn> Q )MH5l 9Np9 e9.m
IM i' eKH>kl
GPnm.
n5 OH) 8N'p&, ]M< i /
ep9)nm@F a5(
uM>. Rm 7n) e l9tFM.k
k tm p9 @F
arM> n)M @(r m
e y> 9l/ lM e6F I
e y)l, a> akOptF
n) Mrlk e ynm B7n)
a * , R O  i.km. 8N'p&
/, @(r < /. n56
eKH>k e(H)m 98 e)5
eZF  i.k6l i
o 7kmF 9Pk(l ep9P n5
8N'H> &7k_k )' m .=7>
.k e / ek B r (
uM>.

n56 rH)M 9Pk l


]I9H>m in) tm, al>
/ tm n5 9'h e y
e>f( )6l. uZ( H)P
oP aN> )F 9>(>. an)
)F a' eKH>kl R.k
Rr n5km o.4k, n5 e 9r
9l/ )' <M e)Frn> a[
 (@l =FkBe y)9P )
i.p9r e 95l ev@)
n)l.

n5 Bn) o. RtF


rn)>, d@N( aN>
el GH)> e4m9>,
aI7keZ o. 8/H)
8rm e y P ) e ? e 7
@k 95 in) l
) O6.k=7>. n56
eKH>kM e)FN o. e
aO( in) l a( kmm.
30

e(`
e(`e9 rp&
e9 rp& o.
o.
@ 
@ 

e(`
e(`e9 rp&
e9 rp& o. @ 
@ 

e. n5N
n5N

u );NyB
;NyB 8/
8/m
m

9r(N_
(N_

O> )()( 9PH) l i> e 70m


a5 )()(=@F@l e /
m7Zm. e(`e9 rp N/,
e(`e9 rp& , e
e / e(`e9 rp9
ep9PBe y Zm e 9l/ 
@Mk<M uM>.

e(`e9 rp& e 7l e e /


m/), a)  9IO
@Mk( m/), )Kl,
e(` km, h.k( e(`e9 rp&
e 9l/ @Mk<M @'nm 95
e(`e9 rp @ H)
&'n>eM u)fm 95 em.

e. Qm e(`e9 rp& ep9P


( e y Zm, .H)
e9.M Kk 9PH> h)'p9
e y> OH) eB 'kMnm
eZM>.

9l/ P e(.e9


eM aOm e y),
e(.e9 e y9r )ke
@5H>kelm elm a)
e K(6l 9< =k= 7 e /
m/), e(`e9 rp >l* m
dr([k P ) o / 5tFtF(
m/=7>. e(`e9 rp& OH> rm
eZFr 8B m 9PH>
aOn>eMZP > (0m 9fm
in*l uM. in) 
e(`e9 rp P e4m
u );NyB 8/m
e6tM nm i)
iGH>p 9PkZm.
ap9>) P
e>(5'  e(`e9 rp&
eM  ZFr e 9>
e)'n>eM Pnm.
31

u6rH)
6rH)Zar

u6rH)
6rH)Zar

Z(_ G N
G N

)`[

a&\ r

in) /)He)pl e(H)m 15


/) uM. aH>(
aPH)t (k 49
tM i l9 @'= 7.
9Bhe(`6l a(n>M )
a) avMf u6rp9)
i.k= 7. (5Im eR.k(
) ( ) u.k= 7.

.5Bh, h.k, iFe, f,


. e |n> )M ek
PH) m/ .

.5Bh 4e9Z, o. 9
eZP.km m9m, e9Zk
()@k OH> eZP.km
(B Ff, e5rm OH)
9NB <, 9 < e
akm9H50M ove..(
aNr (l e p9m  6
NGH) &'n>e=7r.
]I/ke=7r. e9.m 8r9n)
kll) ar 5 '
f R.=7> e =7) uGrH>m
) i>.

Z(_ G N )


e9Z k dNm, flm
eZ .H>m @ i l9,
)' ( e5rer. h.k
)nm ip9Pp9tF e9ZG
H>th6 p9h=7>.
n5'k , em(
= I7 Rm( &;<@t
9h=7>. H>th6 (
n) , aN> a 
opF(? i/56l G etF
@t n)m eZ aPH> @NtF,
h.kH>keM Pek=7.
ap9> a n) e  e /
^<M 9PH)On>el<.
a>) )6 hN (. )6l
H>eth > m
@ kNG( a )' (
RFPk) . G4k
9 p9> mF QH5l alk
iFm OH>H) e /
aOn>eMPnm. m9m
e9Zk ;<m iFm, a)I
a n5km 9NtFm,
eB QH5 )km ep9P 
)[R9.k k)k=/>
e 9)nm [H> 9PkZm
in) /) .

iFe e 7 ) kp9m


e lNh e =7 mH>kyN
9IO e9.(M NmH>
arFm, H>k Rr &n>m,
il)9> e9>p&H5 rn>
ab/ ep9P 9 P=7>, ]I9H)
P=7> e / tkm /)
i>. iFe e 9> ep9P ^k(7
ove. uMH50m i.k=7>
e 9) &'n>eM ik)
u)kmm. mH>kyr OH>
N k=Fm m/> QH5
N59*p& em.

f /) iHe)pl 0


aN l 9hm e' e(`6k
eZM>. ] )*H> 9 O
MrH)r e 9) Rm
&'n>eMZm. {r (n)k
oPn> tP 9t@tF 9 O
 95l ) e)F<= ep9P
9 O 7 @k <=
)<0 RXFp9H>> e /
e l0m )6l a RZ9 o.
9 O ktPkeZ .=7 . an)
9 O :; @Kn> i7k, a[ f
an) u6'l ]I9m RXFH5l
n>9=7>.

. e =7 ) k= p9> a)
)F*l) .  ) o.
eIOk an> 5'=7 .
a)F 9 8f
a(>= 7. eIOe97 e 
e y) , eIO
aO(5*.n> e)F<=/ ).
a eIO =FH>
8m(5 m9> Rm (m e(l
)Mrn> oyf t=7>.

(k e en) i)
a<N<l O, k= 7
/)He)p& i>. /=
tFH5I ) e l0> *p&
]I9H50m, ove O0m
[k (7n>@tF ([)r
u6rBtP 6l ).=7>.
kp9m e lNh, * , m&,
e9 4.@, tFr, eRlH>,
)<0, kZ, H>Nh,
H>th e eH) ([)r,
evMf uGrf, eH) ).
e l(l R( uG.m )
eH) . k rm ).m
uMFk 7p9keZF ))
aH>(.
32

n56
n56 P
P ) < 

n56
n56 P)<

R
R  tNst

.e9 4
e9 4

n56 P)< e4m 400


9k<lkm (I9tF in) l n5
9 aN l l(,
e)ZFrlk, (klk, 'tPX
aNhk e 9l/ ;l
) .H>k (86 @'H>
eK5 P)<Mk eZM>.

P)< 9I7p 9Pkm 9>,


a' h  (@ N )_ >
t=7>. n56 9 &H)<l
n56 P)< /9>,
H5 9l/ tF ev/
;ll ar (m eZF
)@p&, )(I7<, eH) Pf,
a) @Mf e ) H)
h @(r m e y>elm ) (
= I7 aO P>) .

n5 ) eH) Pf OH> )


)Np9 @Mk= eK5nM P)< 
uM. aI7 9PH>@t, an)
tF e y5Mnm 9Pkm9>,
(0( 9 &')lM an)
8BM u.k= n5
u<=keM i 0m.

H) )ZP
e)Rkp9r e 9)
aNm  rH> 9rk P >.
n5nm av/) . ar
eKH>kM ;( 9Pkm9>,
H5II9 ) eM
I7m e y>e> 9IO
aN> eR=fH) (
&'n>eM Pnm. 8r)t Z (
o.N (/p9> e 9> ekH50m
7n) P i.kP >. in5 
9IO Pfl n56 (8 ,
dr(H) e) tm ll
in) nm o e7 OpFm.
33

e9'
e9' Hb
HbN
HbN

I 9hp
9hpN(
hpN(_
N(_ m

=H5
=H5
=H5 ae)
ae)

 ZP
 ZP

e9' HbN e(FkOB


( kt l 7n)r. ' r
e)`l e y)r.   e 7
m7Zm.  7n) m9MH5l
9_ IO ), )`k= H5I
Mm  rk, kM <,
;n) uM@ l l, 9Fl
l e i' 9 l
aI&)(  ) /=7>.

i' @) rm 9IO OptF>


k= () 9=7>. i)
/) eK5nM)fm
aO=7 . in) l ik= BI
' 6l e9' HbN4k e9.(
 rkm @)( aNp9IO aO )
9I7nm aOnm @)( uM>.

r iN> eKH>kMp9IO
RZ9r o.r OptF9>, aN>
lM 9Pk rm ]I9tF9>m,
aN> l e< =Fkm e =7
@N< =Fk@l. i / aN>
k< 9IO O @N< mF
e)kp9t uM> (=Bk' )
o /.

bN[ 9<p& /), RFm,


:rH) e)p& l, @)
e 9Nn> @'n)
)MH5keZM>. l
i)I a<:Nm e4m9>,
@.>M @F  r (<l
)H) 9 eKH)Mrlm
@.m&r. an)6l in)
Ik =H5 ae)k R Om7
Zm. RrH5  76l
e9' HbN[ k, aN>
iM(p9.m, 9Pk e  e l>,
' N 9_&'>,
eKH>p9_ e @'n) )MH5l
e l9tF o. ([)N Rm
aOn>eM u)@ e ynm l
em.
34

e9'
e9' '
' 5
5 dZF(
dZF(
uN
uN

e9'
e9' '
' 5
5 dZF(
dZF( uN
uN

5N@
N@Fk; e
e

F

9rp9 e5rp&, dZF( e5rp&, 5


o`p&, in5 e5rp&, 5N@F R
'k, eKH> qr5.H)m e
e9' r 960m arp9_p9
N0m 8N'k P ) a.m9_
o. i k( l
tF(H)0m, )*l i)H
e)F<= )[R9r n) *( ,
{km eZ 9NP
n5.k=7r.

e9' r 9 uN eKH>Pm


in) l m. 5 dZF( (I/m
5 < (Rl 8H)p9F
uN eKH>P( in) m.
in) uNM k= 7 9>, an)
uNk QBe y5M
km9> i) K( 
e9' ' u<> e)
i.km. n5 (I/m (l)t rk
tMk eZF <=Ns OH)
RNP  @(r H) e9' r
in*l k=7r. )H)p9tF
(klk kk e9' '
d@Nm )p9tP.km.

l i / Rm aN> 9_M


uI/Rk= R8  9rkm9>,
^5kt utF a 7 t
9 (l)t t )<M
0p9H) 5N@Fk;H)
9 9H5keZ@tFr e 9>
e)f. 9rp9[ e5rp& e 7 6l
an) @V <M )rH) a5l
iFme9/> r? an) iFH5I r
.r e 9> in) uNl
il e 70m, H) )ZP
o.r ) n)M ivMf bNm
9 _H)) e9' @V m. a' `
n)r, an) a(p&  N)r,
aOf@ e  9_ e y)r
e 7l ](I7m) ekB k(
=Fk=7>. i /m 5N@Fp9Nm9' m
` t o><=keZ@F, iF>
' t (t( )H)p9tF
(klk u'(p9NtFH5l
_6l 8 / NleH>
9N=7r e 9>) uZ(.

iF o>k: OH) e9' ' u;p9


i /m 8H>p 9rkZm.
9.m e9/p9H )tPk`k
aH>pe9/p&Mnm )
)(l bk= H>keZ
u;k o..k evMf ()' m
Zm? ) Rk=l e9' r oNMf
e 7r e 7 m7m. l
IH5l aN aN>
i kH5N (7n>9y@tFr.
tF<l (I7m n)9>m, (k
(5l e9' (I7H) u.k
P @l. e9' ' 9_ OH)
R8  @(r p9r ar
&[)r e / mO )@rH>@tFl, Rm
e l9tPI k5 , aH)
5tFH5 ep9P e9/>?
ikKkF 9 I/(M
Z.m inRl e9' Nnm,
ar)m eMnm i> 9 7
9=r)l, Mp9_, e l9
` ) ZeM Pnm.

RNP  RmF uN > 9 7


e IM eZF in) uN.
i 9 p9tF>m e
([)rFm) . ([) R4k
o 7H)m i) H5 )F,
])> e y Zm e =7
eZGH) u;km i) H5
) [ l9 iF 7) >Pp9,
otFH) in) *l ZeM
Pnm. ;( n5H> e)nm
]I9> e 9> e9' .kp7 aN>
i kH5.k en)Mf
n5.k=7> e / e)' @l.
i> iv@ kH5 M
eBk NG( i.n)>. e9' '
9_ aO( in) l
e(  a(n>M> e 9) Rm
oH>keZF Zm.
e9' ' ivfNM Rl 76l
e)H> aH)r enRlm Rm
QH5 R Ok' r.
35

i n5
n5 p'@
p'@ [(
[(

in5
n5 p'@
p'@ [(
[(

 Nn5
Nn5N
n5N

u6r(
6r( 95p9
5p9m
9m

9k

in*l '@ p9IO


NB Mp9hm 7 9F<
aIO ), a> ]I9H5 )km
9IO K(  @Mkm e Rm
k=7>.

i5l R K(  9rH5.p9> d9


(H) i k= erH 9Fm o 7H) .
1999 l n) ip9Fm 9p H e4m
9=s) eKH)Mr eK5 Cracking
India e4m R Q( eZF>.
i5l .m t, '@
N<M ;lM oNMf
uGrH>m9P 
tMkeZM e /
m7m. ) km/m e[ )
u7@N / e5'l uM
/ 8H>m t ek
PH)(> e 9 . e[ 
RPH5.km /6 RPpl >km,
(=B, * e aH) nm an)
m ep9H>=7>. ar
sm (k in>(kM e /
@p9) 'p&F Nkm t6l
9)/m Rn5)) 9m
o 79>m; aN> RPpI
 /m7.

i> )@N \Nm 9FH5 O>


9rH5.k=7 . in)
5Np9FH5p9IO ' r )rk
@l OH> @' e5rp9rH)>
9 96.k=7r. (0m 9FH5l Rm
9I7 ZP aN< a(p&, m
OH) 8f, RPr 9 7
7p9 uM> e /
9NtP6.p9)nm H5l
eMZm. i5l (*
I )Ol e 70m
9FH5p9rH)l ek )
N( e)'5l. (l) e)'=7r
e 9)l, 9Fm 9rkP @l.
in)p9FH5 @(rk ' r &5
B Nm i)` @(r <Mn(
Gk=l eZMr e 9>
B r m.

@nH8h[6 )(s,
me9* (m(,
9(k PeN6 9=s) ,
h(' (9_= 9F<lmdrk
ip9FH5 )(I/m@V <Mkm
an)p9FH59rkZme 7r
an)MfRFn)8BMp9IO)<9r

) p'@ 9F< e9.m90m,


ap'@ a49@H), ZF
([)r Rl*.n> u.pe9I7
5Ne(` =, uM e 9)
.H5l eM Zm.

R 9rkZP 9F<M m/>,


@nH 8h[6 )(s, s m
e9* (m(, 9( k
PeN6 9=s) ,  h('
( 9_ = I7H) .

9F< 9IO n) [p&m,


&')0m, p&m eZP.n)l
iI7 &'n>e> aI&)(
i.km e 9)l @(r <M
9F<Mp9rk(l RNP 
eK>> a7(> e 9)l 5N6l
9rH>@t (m m/) l<
9>(>.

(* \Nm 9IO e9') m7


e [Fm ]>l. Rm )k
k= H>m ek=7( al>
RmFm uM 57(M, a)>
h ( I/keZF @V <M
ove. 9FH5 Q( ep9H)
l=7( e 9) drk( Pf
e y> 9FH5 u.k 
Zm. e)`lt9m, RPr,
aN<m 9 7 9IO0m
ZF' 9F< (m9tF 
i.n)0m, aI7 u6rp9)
(I/> )6  () . l
)6 ) )[ l( 
R >5 .)l, 9Fm m7 .m
.H> iNZFm 9t (=@F, 9Fm
e [(, al>
p9F( e / Nrlkm
@MkeZeGy @t eZFky
)k= ;p9m Nm. l
i kR.k ;p9m n)l..5Np9Fm
e >? a>) e)Frn> RPr
(0m, i kRr (0m o 7
iG5l i.km k. I7
e(H) @V <Mnm oN 9FH5l
i7k= k 8H)l ) a<=
Rh<=p9y @=7>. in) ) (M
)@rH>@tFl 9Fm RrH5 
) ( pe97 en) )Fnm il.
in) @ l) ) (6l) ,
9)(6l) / 9F<M
Rk=Be l ZP6.k=7>.
36

n5
n5
n5 k
 kFn
Fn) n5
n5
n5 m:
R
ReH>
H> p&
p&

n5
n5
n5 k
 kFn
Fn) n5
n5
n5 m: R
ReH>
H>
p&
p&

Nm
N m

Bh
Bh
Bh 95p9
5p9m
9m

e9Ns
e9Ns
n56
n56 e
e
, n5
n5
n5 m
=  9IO IO @(r H
H) en)
&[)
&[)p9H)
H)0m il(l
(l inl
9h=
9h=7
h=7> (=B 
=B  o /.
/ (rk
(rk
rk m,
am9H
9H' m, e9'
e9' '
' m utF
tF
9IOl
9 IOl i.n> n5
n5
n5 m ep9P
(/
(/9=7
=7>, e< o OG
OGn
Gn)
n)M
n)Mk
)Mk eZP.k=
eZP.k=7
ZP.k=7> e /
m/=7
m/=7 9r
9rM k= ( 
k= ( 
.>=7
.>=7
7 .

n56
n56 .H>kM
.H>kM akOptF
kOptF
H5I
H5I a
>m,
>m a)
a)

 H5I
H5I a
>m 9
@ (r <
<M ar>
ar> ]I9H)
H)m
)m.
i5l a'
a' )[p9
[p9tF  u
N Z9
9Mnm
Mnm .H5l e
eM
ZPn
ZPnM
ZPnM>.

in5
n5 e9.
e9.M)Nm
M)N m )r
)r,
=N
N He)`l
e)`l
`l e o. )[([)
n)
n) R
R K
K>m 9Np9Np9 )k
)k
=FH
FH) 9@
9@V <
V <M ar
ar
9
9 9H5
H5r
r.  )[p9
[p9tF an)N<)N<
 )
 ) i / aN,
aN
@kt
@kt9
@kt9H5
H50m
0m,
0m ([)[
) aN>
aN> Rmk
mk 7 
il e 9) OptF
OptF
Zm
Zm.
Zm i)I
i) I t
tM
tM
()) k5
k5 5.H)
5.H)m e y
e y)
)
e6
e6F
6Fp9tF aN>
aN> P)<
e)p&
e)p& ,
 &H)
&H)<
)<M , t
t 
t 
e
eMm
Mm.

am9H
9Hr tFm i I
i I7 n56
n56
9'n>N
'n>N 9IO OptP.p9
OptP.p9> n56
n56
) ( 9IO
IO o.  /
 / 9)(m
9)(m.
m
am9H
9Hr, n5
n5 /
/9m &
i.Nnm
Nnm o.Ne .
Ne .r
&'n>e
&'n>eZ
eZF> 9
9 7 95
5 
k= (
k= ( a.m
a.m k
k
k ZP
ZP
ZP
95 
5  m/
m/
 .

dZF(
dZF( o`p& e 9) 5 5rG
7 e 9)
9), k
k(l
(l 9
9 n5
n5
N Z9F 8 eH)
H)0m
)0m,
0m
a) (l
(l 5
5, )*H i.'Fm
9h
9h)I
)I o. e
e  )rn>
)rn>
a)k
a)keZ
eZFr
Fr efm
efm m7Pnm.
Pnm

n5
n5
n5 p
 p &'n>e
&'n>e
eM in) l O
O
aM@
aM@4m
4m u)kmm
u) kmm.
kmm n5
n5 eK5
K5
lM
lM e(H
e(H)( 9PH>@t
aNp
aNp9IO eK>
K>>
e9.H
e9.H)()
.H)() i.km.
.km 9FpI
9FpI
Rr
Rr(  o 7fm
7fm i.km.
.km

k= (
k= ( 9 8ffl n5
n5 eH)
H)
Pf
Pf, e
eH
eH)
H) drf
drf 9IO
a)
a) ) (,
( ] an) Pf ek k
bZ)
bZ)l e9Ie9I7r
7r e 9)p
9)p Nm
Nm
mOnM
mOnMr
Mr. i> k= (
k= (  Rm Rm
.) 9 NG<
NG< uZ.Z &[)&[)m
e /  H>
H> (rb@
(rb@
 `9) @F aH) o.'
e
eM,
M PfM
PfM @(r m m
e y>
e y> a)
a) )k
)km OH> 9.m
9.m
aOn>e
On>e
eM u)f
u)f> aN e /m
8@l
@l (5l
(5l e
eM 9.
9.)@ 
i.k
.kkmm.
kmm <= <=H5l n5
n5 9IO
IO
9 l
l uM.M i)I
i)I NGm
NGm
n5
n5
n5 97 &'n>e
&'n>eZ
eZ
ev
ev/
/ Rk=l
Rk=l aN Nyn>
Nyn>
&'n>e
&'n>elm
elm 9<
9<)
<)
) . i> m
m
Fn>
Fn> n5
n5
n5 ; k
k u)fm
u)fm.
fm
) H5I
) H5I
H5I ([)r n5 n5,
n5
e9'
e9' r
r, am9H
9Hr 9
9 7r
7r;
ar
ar ]) o. 8/8/,

i k
i kBe H
e H)l e 9) (5l (5l
e
eMZm
MZm.
Zm an)6l
)6l in)
l e9'
e9' r
r, am9H
9Hr, n5
n5 e
Q' 9r9r nm
 nm 7p9
@ Mk=7
k=7 o. &H)
&H)m
)m e 9
9 .
37

'H5N
'H5NH5l 9Pn
9Pn)
Pn) 8;l

'H5N
'H5NH5l 9Pn)
Pn) 8;l

);
;

aF Mm
aF M m Ns



i> [ Rl. );H5l 9
8fM m 9P  8B 
(I/=7>. 9k= H)y N_,
9B N N, lm R
e)=e( e & 9>m Rl
5tF( u.kp9t, 9 aN l
8f, iH)MH5l
@kt9H)p9= 7.
irlk i.(  e l*
e9., (> o e i.'
e l9, 9B N[ iNZFm
N_ <l9 N_ e 9'
e l9M &f= (Ie7.
&fBe l9F r_kp9t
hN ( 9 _k=7> ). aH)>
e / e5r9rk km e5r9rp9
) H) eZM>.

)6 uZ( e / Rm9 k 9


aOyr e9 r, l
e9 r aPkOp9 tFp9)l
Rm 9 _p9)H)@N /
` >l. i)[F 9;
N' lMp9 iF
.m ' ' Nl  N 5
5.p&m 9 95lMkeZM>.
@ H) ( ak 9 @V <
k( i5l  rkp9tM.

inR e)Frn> 9Pp95l


a rB H)@rk r  (rks,
9r\ 9 7r l
u<lk u)kmm. &5
PH5 7p9 9 9H5nM
l e / inR OpFPnm.
38

)[ (6
(6 i

)[(6
(6 i

V
V

u6r(
6r( 95p9
5p9m
9m

(N
(N

in*l i l( OH)


tN )@N i t9> OH)
t9( tN, Rm i t
n) 7M ep9P qN(H>
(m9tF N  a(H>ke>
OH> `tP u)f=7>.

Ny r , ePH s, P.em.es


9 7' iM(k k
p9rM <PH>@m
i l&F  m. P(
;n)p9.m, O 8 e
iM(6l ip9Fr *
n) i > N( e 7 'M
8f9H>=7>.

ey)v r( OH) 95f


(  ( uMB *
i 6 Rkm .km
]I9H)kmP . K aN l,
e97(Ml Rl i (p9MN
i;n>@tFm e .H)m
(*=7>.

ap9@ NP  tN o.


/)6 qNH)keZM>.
i ) fF ep9P iGn>
n>M> e / aI&)( inl
K>m @Mk=nMr V. in*
V6 tNM e ( ,
95 9H(R9, es. N(=.XG
= r )`l
e(`e9 rH5.k= 7r.

i l(, i N  OH)
n) &')0k itBe l u)fm
eKH>k V64F > e 9)
inl e(ypk )/5l.
39

eNZ
eNZ

eNZ
eNZ

i (_

NN
NN 95p9
5p9m
9m

m9

iNZ /RlM uMFk= >


in) Rl. Np& ) 96l
e l9m ' r @,
ar r9 8 / 9 Pk
)9H5N<M 9h=7>. i5l
uN Fl 5. i> Kk
' r @I 95.
ar kBkl,
5.(Gm, e H> OH) @V <
m7p9= 7.

ykl e4m ) 9 e l0m


=N(H> /r 
ar iM(kbm 7 (l
9h=7>. i5l 9l, th
iF6 R m a;) {.k
etFeB () i.k=7>.
ltFk e l0m ).GH5l
) iFiF i7n) H5I
e / 5.m&m uH5 R 7 n>M>.
i/56l ) RH) e9ZG
ap9tF( @t e7.
e9ZG 9l (Gn>eM,
a RZ9r ut9F {N a >
.H)m e=7>. i)[F
ltF6 9>, 9 p9m
e I an) ( i k< e
Rm( an) {'l > 9
uGr ]I9H>=7r i(_.

in) iNZF>
/Rp9Pkm9>, Rm
RZ9rlF 9 e l0m
@ 8H>kelm9P 
eR.kH) uGN P=7>. 96
(_ o* 5l t=7>. a>)
' r i(_6 eIOnm mF.
40

5 tP
 tP

5 tP
 tP

es.ds
dsN
dsN
N

85
5) 95p9
5p9m
9m

an>
n>

am.) i)`l 8F 956l


eK5.m dsN 9km aN>
iM(k 8fM m/m
95  q'km ) ( eZF>.
aH) tNMk eZF
l) i>.

i5l e9.m90m @) OH) 95


a5m e 70m, a)[F tN
) iM(km, ) 7p&, 9rH)
9F<, @) OH) Op&
eZF &H)m i> em.

)> @l n5H) ([)r


G@ l9 m/5l a5 rm
eZM ir, ) 9PkBe l0m
iFm 9IOnm, arH)(I7 rH) e 7
tN6l @) p9m  >
5rn) o.[ (8 nm
t9( htPkt=7r.
9r I7 o.r OH) tN
aI&)( uM>. 9r I7 ([)'
@)) in) tNHe)p
)p&m mF.
41

an5
an5
n5@
@
)Iek
ek /
/
NG<
NG<

an5
an5
n5@
@ )Iek
ek /
NG<
NG <

em.. hNX
NX

aF Mm
aF M m Ns

a [
iHe)pl e(H)m 17 /)
uM. i5l ek PH))
an5@ )Iek /
NG<, e y5, 8(@
Zar, ove. )nm o. )nm,
utF )M m/ .

in)k) en( ) e l0m


76l e9'
/9tFkeZF l
e 70m, )6l .m h eMl,
9P) in) eKH>k @ V
am m.

8(@ Zar o. e9Z_


 m )ZPnm Z ep9P
kNH> ) )k
9 9H5ke=7 e 9)
B r m ).m @)( )H)@
)9H5NH) m/=7r ' r.

ove. )nm, o. )nm e =7


) iNZ @) PfMk
eZM )
e)Z(0m Rm
)rne)H>keMm. i5l h
eMl R 7 n>M>.

an5@ ).. ) iNZ


8MkeZM>. e y5l
n>M> )*l tFp9t
a) ` 9 _km )6
P(p& R 7 uM>. [(
u=l / 5l ;n) e)`
9 ;nm e9Zk 8Km
m9<) ).

e y5 ) R(> hN (I7


e y5H) 9Pkm RtM ep9P
hN m k= eMm e / o.
` m/=7>. i5l o. n)Vm,
R(k Pk)rM ev/
@9H> e y5l
e9.H5p9rH>ke5 o.r
e)Frn> e y> (=B e=7r.
o. N6l @9H5l ) u7@r
o..k 8Km @9H> aN
)(7k e > e 9>
5k). ek ] 9M H5l
uM o. 5Fr, /) eKH)Mr
8fk n)r.

i6l(l i.km ) 9


i) ) (kI9, @5lkI9
Mn). a )m i l9
e)H)> 9l i.k aI7 R
i< OpF@l.
42

i
i

i
i

@ Mdr 9(v
9(v

)`l:
`l: R.
R.(>
(> eVv&
eVv&

e e\
e\B
e\B

ah
hm
i> o. /r Rl.
er([ rM f 9rkBe /
arFm (tPkeZ
htkelp9m i e4m
/[ ) i>.

) 8H5l (t( RFp9)l


/[ ) Kk R(k
e)'5l. a>9IO Op&
k7f. i[ (8
(I7<M )l7  a
9Fp'fH)r o.N
n5km9>m, o.N
n5km9>m R 7 ep9H)
/ i.k=7r ' r.

i[ 8 u.k= H5


o /m, i7n>9 RZ9[
8 H>M H5 o /(
an) H5 /[Fm
ekBe l* 4m aN>
(5l an) /[ dNm 87n)
e l (7n>@F(l a
( a &m, ak7n( (/=7>.

i 9Fm otP p


er([ ' iFH5l 9rkm9)
) 87Fn>@tF uGrf
eKn>@=7>. ;n)p9N
o.[ K(6l) N/ i>.
43

(IB
(IB MN
IB MNm
MNm

(IB
(IB MN
IB MNm
MNm

e (
e (

u6r(
6r( 95p9
5p9m
9m

l*H)N
l*H)N

in) *l (IH5 Rl a5


m e97) l k= (
9he9.M uMFk( eZF 7
lMp9IO aOp9=rf o O
;( )kH>F ]I9H)
=7r e ( .

an) l ) 4M eZM


;( (7e9.M )H>m
OH>m @' ahm) (
in*l (I7 ll il)
@(r H)nm O 7p9 m7m.

\ eK5 H5.p& ) a)


eK)p9tF @I uM 9l/
([)r ])e / 8; e)Frn>
H5.k=7r. (.H>r o..km,
a5 9Pp9Of il) =N(H> e9Z
o.H5km RFkm 5.(Gf
(.H>.k NG <F(
i.k=7>. ep9P > @=@F
8km a.k tF<lm
u)@l. 20 Zlkp7
) 8H) (>k PH) e9ZG
5.(Gm e y=7r. l m
Fn> @tF>. )l (@nm (lm
o 7 i.k, (.H>r ) iNZFm
(@  =7r e 70m,
a.k an)  5l )N
a 9 k )p9=7>.
(m OH) eZG<
oyn>9y@F, iNZF>
(@k H5.n> H5.n> uFl
9N y 96l a PH> N
/=7>. (.H>' H5.p&
a I)y (/=7>. i5l )
)ZP 9l/ @V <M
a)4.n> eH> 9h=7r
e ( . )6 eKH>, a)
B) / il) ) ( Rm( a)
) (6*.n> @k> e
(IH5 eKH)Mr
&H)<*.n> /9tF o.
) ( in) eKH>k
t= 7.

P' R5p9m i Zt'B


eK5 R9l 9'h e9I7 Rl
R5p9H5 ( (k eZ
(kMp9IOp 9h=7>. h.N@
& (NH5 ) i.k=7)l!
a) oH)> ekel<. 9
9Fe p&, (NG<, 7 )l,
9e e 9fm 9H5
t m eZ an) N) H5l
8n>eZF i.k=7>.
e e l0m ` e4m tN ('
eeNl* eK5 5 (sFr =OsP
e 7 I7Z 9;(  *
e h.km i>. 1900 l en)
in k= ( OpF
ZP ) NGm i> =Os>
()H5 qrM / ]h
n> ) a(H> i.n)
) () e / m/ .

(4l 9hm 9 iF<  <


 qN(
) ( keZM. an)
rH) Rm (5l ]I/m ok
o. aMeF =F >. i5l 9.m )m
@ ` )' H)
ZFO=7r. i5l (4l
9pFm, aNBhIOnMrFm
9hm uN ()  k
mP >.i) uGrBN(
iNfH).G<l H)l Zar
e9.= m. avMf a;
;( rH) B)(
rkp9tM uN i>.

Nlp e\H eK5 RFm 9


e(m e 9> in) l tr
H5 H5N) RtM m/=7>.
i. (.H>r (5'  eZ
9Fkp9tF
)9H5N<MkeZM>.
tr o. i a`p9 (Ielm
9>, =Os> () 9p
a)kZPH> o. aOk mF
e6F(l a)I e( m()m
aH)r. a> ] e / @Mk(
Ny=7> in) RF l. (0m i>
)N<Mnm, G<Mnm
K(  eZF RFpN5 e 9>
 k= (>.

(I= ZeMp9F) 7
l aPp9F 9IO @'
Nnm, @(r  l e / m7m.
(ImO  9PH)5l ek PH)
e 70m i (I/m rl  eK5
aO@ l &) (I/m a NZt
eK5 &H)m a) )rkm, )H>m
9IOnm  @' mOnMr
e ( . p9 (Ielm
9> ep9P a) ut.H)
u<=ke> e / inl
I/H)Nkmm.
44


 
  -
&H)
&H)<
)<M p
p9
p9>
e)p&
e)p& i)

' rl o.N 


  ap9>) )<y=F<
o O Gk eK>m M
PH>@t e n5.n)r. a'Fm
&H)<M p9> OH)
@MktFm. a) e)p&
i).
^<
^< e9.m
e9.m9
.m90m
90m H5l
H5l)
H5l)
)
lM
lM eH> 9Pk=r
Pk=r e /
mO6.ndr
mO6.ndr. '
' a7
7
e p 9P ?

(l)t rkH5r) .
 I7H5 /@t hN
otPKm   m9O e9Z
ZF<) i> (5' 
k .= 7. alk
e7>fm e)' >. m9Mm
=Fk=7) '. (I79P  9IO
en) aOfm, @`p&GrBnm a7
=F >.(9IMkPk=7r, m
k=7>)

O
O =N(H
N(H)B
)B rn
 rn)
rn) u<
{'l H5l
H5l 9.m
9.m 9Pk
Pk
 .=7
.=7r
7rM?
M?
ae('kkN |9t
ZPB 0m a> stN
ptr 9t 9 <m _k=7
l) Re(lm. i<nm
a>) 8=7>. 5H)n5 9Pk=7)
em =N(H> (klk e9' @V m.
)*H (k elm 8 /eZ)
9PkZm. utNkmF>. e
ar in) m .5l.
ar 7 =. bNM .m aO ),
e)'n) t il) =Mm
9y )r@I 9Pp9>, () i)M
9Pp9> e / e lr.

e  (I
(I7<M e y
e y)l
)l p&
p&
M.m
M.m e =r
=r ?

ek=7 m9MH5I ()N


 e y)l 9>m. k
 m <=keZ )
) H5  rn)rM k
ep9>, 7 (( , (B  e /
a5' )l Q 7m 8 {` r
N a;H)l  ep9P
RFe9/m?

<= 7 llm an)n) t6l


uMrM &n> i I/m
MH) lM i.k= 7.
ap&7m ep9P Rl lM p9>?
H5l 150 9yk i.km
H) k ek Z(m.
Rl Rl (a) tN l ep9P 150
9yk =Fkm? i 7
aBhe f elm evMf
u rn5.k= 7? hI7Ok ()
()m .=7>. kpir(
RFPk  <l RFk= 7
e 70m a> 9N@ ) e)' @l.
ek=;( e)I @7
e)'n(? a / .km
en)pe9.lm ekmF)m.
ip9Pp9tF QFRmk)
Mrn> Nket (5' e9.(
P6l eZ9y km aMf
eZ96.k=7>.

k
k
k en) RNH5
RNH5
H5 )rn
)rne)
rne)H>
e)H>
pr
pr
pr?

 Pn) , =Fkm RNH5l


elm p9 . a> ek e9'
h H) ak=7>. ap9>)
e  R R e ul7n)
 (@ uGr=7 .

l @(r <
<M ep9P eK>er
K>er?
R e)`lt9H5 e9' aMf
Rm&5l. )l) eK> .
RZ9r a) )tFBh e y>
pi@l Nh'p9r. 9
9 9H>) 7f. a> e
an)N<H5l )6),
p9) eZ=7 . ] 
eB m mF ap9PH) .

87 k=r
k=r
k=r. ] )<
)<y
y
=F<k k
k e l0m
e l0m 8(?
(?

i< 9.< | . in) t )


arp9_p& mtFH)  rn>
i _ky uFp95l ek Rmk
il. R )[(6l i.p9)
e9'>m @.m&9 . mtFH)
ZF a<=.n> =Mm@ .
R )I 9Gm Zm.
Rr(  a)pe97 o. 
e y=7 . avMf) . e  
 e . a)I in)
9>(>. 9*  eI/y
9NtM Rm 6/ yn>
=FkP >. i< 9* a5m.
a)@F e97(, 6Ie7'B l,
u;k(l aH)nm
e9I/@FZm e =7  a5m.
a> ap9PH) .

r  e<=.p9
<=.p9r
9r?
n5k
n5kPn(
Pn(?
(?

ar 9M H50M (kF


o Ol  e y=7r. iNf)
9rkPnm. ar iF> ' 9I/Mr.
mt7f, oI/( e e7lm O
&H)<M H>keZ 9Pp9r.
aNMfk R p95l.
H5l =Fkm &H)<M
(t( p9 a>fm 150
9yk uM> (t(. e 7'Fm
R O mO @Fe9I/keZFm.
gmirGm

You might also like