m0 EESIILL II November 2016|% 30.00 PHYSICS La bh eH elo) Toh FLUID MECHANICS. VAS Re) aN aes & ROTATIONAL MOTION WAVE OPTICS ROTATIONAL MOTION RAINBOW MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ORG@M AMPLIFIER KINETIC THEORY OF GASES GOLDEN OLDIES LAWS OF CONSERVATION Y he © States 2017— Tas TELL SmI ee fe ha, Lee [ TEST RIDER 1 & 2 RIDER 1& 2 eerUNDERSTANDING THE NO. 1 SERIES OF PHYSICS TEXTBOOKS BY DC PANDEY FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED : eS EB = 2 380.00 8022 380.00 8026 305.00 8025 The only Textbooks of Physics which make you study JEE Physics in the Simplest MannerPHYSICS pectrum Publisher PARUL JAIN Chairman YEIAIN [Boral Head SANTAY SHARMA Publishing Manager AMITVERMA Projet Head ZERA SIDDIQUE Coordinator PRACHSINGH SAINI Production Manager SHSHPAL SINGH Grvlaton @ ANIL KUMAR GUPTA Advertisement -‘SY-S2IS6IS84E Gonentitanges iBqueesepma iy Covere-Layout Design SHANU MANSOOR age Designer AMITBANSAL Diagram BRATAMPAL SINGH ‘pesettingNAYANK,SANDEEP, ARJUN, VIPIN apy Bitre NISAR Prof Reader ANKICKUMAR ‘Head fe ARIMANT MEDIA PROMOTERS KALINDI, TP NAGAR, Mi Phone o121-2401479,2512870 Fax O1L2U0I648 a rail spetramarinantbooks com ebte wewwarbantboaks com (Gelatin ARIUANT MEDIA PROMOTERS ‘Regd Offce 4577/15, AGARWAL ROAD, DDARYA GANT NEW DELIL-2 i 01-47630500, © Publisher Printed an Published by Para fin Arihant Media Promoters Printed at rihantPablations (li) TERNagaz Meera (UP) + Alighsresered No part f his agin can be pried ‘leon pat witout the writen pene he pubee 1 The eran ebro his magne do thei ‘erly he fonation phe bt do oot ake any ‘espns the selte crag he infraton pobied 1 A pts eject to Meet (Uist ony reset aaa) Dear Aspirant, By now your die would be in ul ving asthe season of examinations i approaching Hope youad ‘ala sive and good break enjoy The meh of November ging with dileent ee ‘Mgeter Pinkish wits ew energies, overiwing enthusiasm and increated confidence level gve sopetber alleen tun fe. Howe many tates matter has? Tis i an ancient question. The simple sedaalbook answer sels, liga and gues but we know tht the smple iron ia too rade. We are lea ue ‘rome enema and BE condenet but here ae many mere examples, owt real mate ‘ct anh mote comple thas homogeneous crystal que or gues. plasmas iui ryt polymere ane pte ‘The thery af elettonic bands explains why materi are conductors inslators a semiconductors, andhow they conduct heat and espend to magnetic els. The discovery ofthe quantum Hal efit, Sd the subsequent development of tepeogical band thearyhas opened new ana unexpected vas shee deep theoreti insights have developed in parallel with search for applications in electronics {and quantum information since. The Nabe prizes of Pais 2018 are connected wit such evelopment only Flowing Une of Lord Kelvin ares inepire Scere to do somnething dient regarding he mat "May ofthe greatest advances tha have been made from the ginning of the world tthe present time have heen madein the earnest desire a tur the knowledge of the properties of ‘matter to some purpose wef to mankind” After the noth of festivals the beginning of sty tine fr al of you, We have als planed {omthing pial or you ke Test Rider and Medi Que to make you ak cieable We enbance ‘th same rom nest stu onwards. The spectrum am wl be anscously wating fr the ed backs and Good tuck oe Contents NOBEL PRIZE WINNER 2016 (02) PHYSICS COSMOS: Geometrical Opties (03) T I RIDER 114) TEST RIDER 2 (20) EXPLICATION (24) JEE ADVANCED DRILL (25) GOLDEN OLDIES: Laws of Conservation (30) ALIMS CAPSULE (34) AMPLIFIER: Kinetie Theory of Gases (87) CONCEPT MAP (40) METICULOUS ANALYSIS: Fluid Mechanies (42) MEDI QUE st (51) BRAIN TEASERS (58) RAINBOW: Mechanical Properties of Solids (61) MASTER THE NCERT : Gravitation (63) FUN ARCADE (68) ‘TOUCH UP XI: System of Particles and Rotational Motion (70) ‘TOUCH UP XII: Wave Opties (74) QUIZZER (80)This year's Laureates opened the door on an unknown world where matter exists in strange states. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 is awarded with one half to David J. Thouless, and the other half to E Duncan M. Haldane, and J. Michael Kosterlite. Their discoveries have brought about breakthroughs inthe theoretical understanding of matters mysteries and created new perspectives on the development of innovative materials, ONE HALF TO DAVID J. THOULESS Born 1934 in Bearsden, UK. Ph.D. 1958 from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Emeritus Professor at University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ‘THE OTHER HALF TO F. DUNCAN M. HALDANE and Born 1951 in London, UK. Ph.0. 1978 from Cambridge University, UK. Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at Princeton University, Nj, USA. |. MICHAEL KOSTERLITZ Born 1942 in Aberdeen, UK. Ph.0. 1969 from Oxford University, UK. Harrison E. Farnsworth Professor of Physics at Brown University, Providence, Ri, USA 1n 1972 | Michael Kostrlit and David. Toules identified a completely new typeof phase transition in two-dimensional systems ere topological defects playa crucial ole. Their theory applied to certain kinds of magnets and to superconducting and superfluid films Taishas also heen very important for understanding the quantum theary of one~ dimensional systems at very ow temperatues.t ‘he ealy 1980s David]. Thouless and E Duncan, M.Haldane developed theoretical methods to describe phases of matter that eannot be identified by their pattern of symmetry breaking In 1983 Duncan Haldane derived a theory for spin chains that incorporated effects of topology ‘ina erucal way Based on this he predicted that chains with integer and hal-integer spine should be qualitatively diffrent, and ths totaly unexpected elec was ale conirmed by experiments TOPOLOGY The three Laureates’ use of topological concepts in physics was decisive for their discoveries. Topology is a branch of mathematics that describes properties that change step-wise. With modern topology as a tool, this year’s Laureates presented surprising results, which have opened up new fields of research and led to the creation of new and important concepts within several areas of physics. uw One can ole ‘Halos ae 2 Holes lecttcal conductance e understand a bit of vee itand its connectivity with electrical conductance via following figure. ‘Ths branch of thesis is itrested in properties ha ehange “Hepoutn ie te number eles n ve bore sbecte Topaaey ‘My electra condetny msde th agers ranges eer ts Tobe Continued at Page 67PHYSICS COSMOS Er. Deepak Paliwal GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Geometrical optics is easy to tackle with the help of alittle geometry. An innovative problem from this region of physics is most expected in jee mainipmt examinations. The reflection and refraction phenomenon over various surfaces are the main focus points ofthis portion of optics. Reflection of Light For an object to be visible, light from a source is reflected aff the abject as shown below. ‘Inge ‘This reflected ray then enters into our eyes causing sensation of vision. In every type of reflection, light rays follow these two laws () Angle of incidence (i) = Angle of reflection (r) (Gi) Incident ray, normal to surface and reflected rays are coplanar. Following examples help to understand reflection process furthers Example? «ray of igh is incident on a plane mittor along the vector i+] -K. The normal on poiat of incidence is along i+ [Find a unit vector along reflected ray. Sol. PAYEIES FUNDA reflection isike an elastic collision Component perpendicular to surface (or component parallel! to normal to surface) gets reversed while component along the surface (parallel to surface or perpendicular to normal) remains unchanged Incdertray i atong vector + j= Nomalis along + j 0,1 + j component paral to notralis reversed, io. ‘becomes ~ j - j and component ~ k remains unchanged. So, rellected ray ls along vector— So, unt vector long reflected rays wi-i- - mai a a PHYSICS SPECTRUM « NOVEMBER 2016 < 03© PHysics COSMOS 2 : {over a plane mirror. Afler reflection, ittravels along isinc i 2G - VB) The angle of incidence is 50 ~The angle of (aso (45° fe) 6" Sol. (a) As component parallel to normals reversed so, normal is paallel to axis and mirrors along x-axis EE Advanced 2013] (a) 78 = cos0= AB cose = Angle of incidence, 0 = 90° Reflection from a Plane Mirror Regarding reflection from the plane mirror, we must remember following points, (G) Image formed by the plane mirror is virtual, erect and laterally inverted. It is equal in size to that of the object and formed at an equal distance as that of object from the mirror. Gi) Deviation produced by a single plane mirror is 8 =n —2ias shown below (iii) Deviation produced by two inclined plane mirrors is =8 = 2n — 20s shown below = Remember Dertaan does not ‘Sopend on angie ot (iv) If a plane mirror is rotated by an angle ®, the reflected ray is turned by the angle of 28. (04 > NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SI (¥) Two inelined mirrors form many images. Number of images is 360° 360° > if Even 360" object is placed metal to mos 1 aa and oj not ced on angle iscor crincined mimo (vi) To see full image of an object of size H, a mirror of A above the size His required and it must be 4 ground. Here, h is level of eye from the ground, This result is independent of eye level h and distance from the mirror. Be Objet (8) Minor Foot Shmior (vii) Speeds of object and its image relative to mirror are same, If an object is moving towards mirror with velocity v, then its image will be moving towards mirror with velocity —v ie. both object and its image has same speed |v]. viet 5 | trae ne (viii) The components of velocity of object and image perpendicular to mirror are negative of each other. On the other hand the components of velocity of object and image parallel to mirror are same, ‘component paral om ‘component peraendcular to mitor Following illustration is helpful in understanding ‘what we have learnt,i) PHysics COSMOS © Sol, (0) Forthe angle shown, Erample? yo plane mors A and 8 ae aigned parle vensor. 2. a to each other. A ray of light is incident at angle af 30° at one of corner ofA. The plane of incidence coincides with the plane of 2x tan ao" on paper. 6 ® 1 i i 7 02m i ‘ 5 a a i > ¢ Calculate maximum number of times, the ray undergoes Andind =1 reflections including the first one) before it emerges out, So, numbe of times ray undergoes cellactons, EE 20021, 1. a3 Cro wa (eae (934 = Bip cots Reflection from a Spherical Mirror Before exploring reflection from a spherical surface, for both concave and convex mirrors, we must remember following points, R @ Lid © Focal length ofa mirror, f= Gi) Mirror fortmul, 2 out Image Formed by the Spherical Mirror Absolute vate o Nature “ype of spherical miror Postion ofthe object Positonoftheimage | “magneton, Foal Erect (Sie othe mage) tua inverted Concave miner PAs | ost ova Real invertes ‘Away om corre of | Between andre, |< cmiished Real inveted » (sivenueb>2)” |feveet Se Aree nae el ea Peal rel 2 faves That of he object Batwesncenteot | Awaytromthe conre_|om> 1 magniied fea iwored tarvatawand boue: |oteuvatue > 2f Feucot Nioas.ieu=/ _[Aininiy.ie.v== [m= = magnted Real ivored Between poland | vu im magnfes Vital aay eet Convex itor iy. ie At fous ie im drinihed Via wot Aayanerebetween | Setveen gel and m= emis Vita eect 5 inintyandpoe” | fous TT (ii) If-x, = Distance of object from focus and x, = Distance of image from focus, then /? = x oojeef ene / | PHYSICS SPECTRUM « NOVEMBER 2016 < 05© PHysics COSMOS (iv) Magnification of image is the ratio of size of image to that, 1 af size of object, i. m = (magnification i nogative for a pect fe. = Z (magn c real image, magnification is positive for a virtual image.} near magnification ‘Areal magnification Transverse | Longitudinal When an | When object es bjectis _| along the prinpal placed axs, than ts erpencicular | longitusinal ° fo the principal | magnification bi, then Inga) ny Shea rmagaiication |= 5 is called ftral ortransverse | = SM2—1 | 1120 objectis placed withits cerreea 2-41) | plane perpendicular to principal ‘xs, is ateal magnification Iisqvenby | IVobjectis small, |). Ateaot image (A) | ma (} face of object (A,) u aa ma x mb Also, length | of seve = (2) x Lan te tom(4) lo (¥) Speed of image can be calculated hy differentiating mirror equation. i. a) dt, dv Here,“ = speed of object relative to mirror. Ee s Spoed of image = (vi) Always use sign convention while solving numerical problems as given below Sign Convention * All distances are to be measured from pole of mir, * Distances measured in direction of incident light are taken positive cotharwise taken as negative, ' Allhoights measured above principal axis are postive andbelow itaro negative 9 Example? 4 concave minor of focal length 10 em and a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm are placed! facing each other 40 cm apart. An objects placed on their common axis between the mirrors at a distance of 15 cm from concave mirror. Find the position and nature of image produced by successive reflections, first at concave mirror and then at the convex mirror 06 » NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SI Sol. PHYSKS FUNDA image of concave mirror acts lke ‘an object for convex mirrar and we can use mirror equation in both cases. Now, for concave mirror So, cancave miro forms areal, verted an enlargea image k(n gure) of object. ata stance of 2 er from == (40 ~ 30) fa4 180m Mirror equation gives 1 bem =) So, fnal image is formed at 6 cm behind convex mirror. Wis virtual. Refraction of Light A light ray when passes from a rare medium and enters a denser medium, it bends towards normal and ‘when it passes through a denser medium and enters a rare medium, it bends away from normal. This is called refraction. Refraction occurs due to the change in speed of light as, it passes from one medium to another as shown below @ (Potraction rom rarer (Retraction rom denser to rae denser) Here, 6, =angle of incidence 8, =angle of refraction vo, = speed of light in second medium by = speed of light in first medium ny ~Rl of medium 1 ng =RI of medium 2 i; = wavelength in medium 1 ‘hg =wavelength in medium 2In refraction, (i For a pair of medium, sin «sin rand the ratio, 224 ng, ‘This ratio is a constant called refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1. This is also called Snell's law of refraction, Gi) Refracted ray, normal and incident ray are coplanar rays. Refractive Index Refractive index of medium 2 wrt. medium 1 is S01 1 where, v =velocity a sion ve * When medium 7s air or vacuum, refractive index is called absolute refractive Ind8X. Mya ieee sini =n sine For any medium, sig > Refractive index depends on the colour of wavelength of light Refraction through a Plane Slab of a Medium (@) When a light ray passes through a slab of a medium, it causes a lateral shift in the path of ray of light shown below. Late esplacement Lateral displacement can be calculated d=t-see rsin 1) Gi) When an object and observer are in different media, then due to refraction object appears to be displaced from its actual expected position. i) PHysics COSMOS There may be two possibilities. Case! case I ‘an objec isin denser medium land observer isn rarer medium 0 = postion of objec 0” = postion of mage © fan object isin rarer medium ang observer isin denser medium, 0 = postion of object 0” = postion of image om tt By Real depth _ ih A ‘Apparent neight Apparent depth Real height (i) Real depth > Apparent depth Real depth < Apparent depth (i) Shit, = b= (- d= nh (ii) A material slab may cause a shift in actual position of an object. This is called normal shift. Normal shit, 00°= x=(1- ove, A Viguon = 412 = 18s" 3 Refraction at a Curved Surface ‘A curved surface may be a convex or concave. tag [enh Refraction formula for any curved surface is vow Rk. I_ ny Magnification obtained is m = > =i" eS Example? p spherical surface of radius of curvature R, the glass. A point object P placed in air is found to have a real image Q in the glass, The ine PQ cuts the surface at point O and PO =0Q, The distance PO is equal to UtE 1998} ar 3k oan (3A Sol, (a) Lotus say PO = 00 = x We use refraction formula 22 yu F patnsng valves, we have W510 8-18 y 5g 4 08 » NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS S Refraction through a Lens ‘Allens is formed when a medium is bounded by two curved surfaces. For any type of lens (i) Refraction formula When medium on both sides of a lens is same, then z) i) When medium on both sides of a lens is not same, Alm then 4 = fe Ms (Gii) Power of a lens in dioptre = 1/ f (in meter) (iv) Lens maker's formula, LL malt 2 Fin Nek, (@) Iflens is dipped ina liquid, then Focal length of lens in liquid _ (= - ;) Focal length oflens in air ~ (7,1 1a (vi) Lens equation, +-2 = vou f (vii) Magnification produced by a lens is m-L-¥-_f__f-¥ Ow fru f (vii) If two lenses are kept in contact, then equivalent focal length of combination is, | { AeA Vy fog fi fe Vel x) Onsilvering alens, it acts like a combination of lens and a mirror and act like a mirror. Focal length of silvered lens is given byi) PHysics COSMOS Image Formed by A Lens Type of lens. Position ofthe object | Position of the image| Type of image Nature of Image Convex lens At infinity, 0. Atfocus, ie. met Real Irvertes 2/) | Between fand2f,ie. | m< diminished | Real Inverted feveat AM2Forlu = 21) Aatiev=2f — |m=tsamesze | Real Inverted Botwoon fand2f, ie Away rom2fie, | m> magnified | Real Inverted feveat w>2n Atfoous, teu =f Atinfniy,ie,.v=~ |m=~ magnifies | Real Inverted Between optical centre | Atadistance greater_| m>1 Virual Erect and focus, <1) than that of object | magnifed wou) ALinfinty, Atfocus, Le.v me ‘diminished | Virual Erect ‘Anywhere betwoon infinity | Betwoon optical — | m< 1 Viral Eroct {and optical conte, contra and focus. | ciminished Focal lengths of different types of lens Equi-convex | Plano-convex | Equk-concave | Plano-concave Tens. lens. Tens. RyeeRe a rs forw {orn 18 A thin convex lens made from crown glass has focal length, f. When it is immersed in two air issn reactive nx + an 5. has he focal lengths f, and f respectively. The correct relation between the focal lengths is Sol. f@h=bet (b) § > fand fs negate (o)f,> fand fis negative (0) §, and f, both are negative (b) PHYSIKS FUNDA Lens maker's formula is so, Lat -2 a4 Bi Sota aw 1 (aia ft simian, = (2/2 4/41 ta la-a) 14 = Le 1p ienegaive =i ‘a PHYSICS SPECTRUM « NOVEMBER 2016 < 09© PHysics COSMOS © For thin prism =(n—1)A, Also, deviation is differnt for Example? vansparentthin im ofuniform thickness and ilferent colour light, eng NOVEMBER 2016For a pair of medium when TIR occurs, we have Paes = OSC fp = Magnsew.rs ror = ang form Here is an illustration on TIR. (Crample poine sources is peed atthe botom ofa transparent block of height 10 mm and refractive index 2.72. Itis immersed in a liquid of lower refractive index as shown in figure 4 It is found that light emerging from the black to the liquid forms a circular bright spot of diameter 11.54 mm. On the top of the block, the refractive index ofthe liquid is UEE Advanced 2014) @i2t (138 fo) 120 (rae i) PHysics COSMOS Sol. (¢) PHYSIKS FUNDA Light emerges from block til angle made by rays is critical angle and when i> io, light is reflected back into the block. This forms a bright spot above the sources [At point Q, angle of incidence i and sin jg = Sue Ina Pas, Smart Practice 1. Two plane mirrors P and Q are aligned parallel to each other as shown in the figure. A light ray is incident at an angle of @ at a point just inside one end of A. The plane of incidence coincides with the plane of the figure. The maximum number of times the ray undergoes reflections (including the first one) before it emerges out, is a 1 a ww 0) « "FT tané 0 Ttan@ 1 6 td tan oA tano (td tno bu 2. A plane mirror and a person are moving towards ach other with same velocity, v. Thon, the velocity of the image is ae (26 (ae fae 3. A concave mirror of focal length 100 em is used to obtain the image ofthe sun which subtends an angle of 30°. The diameter of the image of the sun will be (a) them (087 em (6) 0436 em (100 em 4. A thin rod of Iongth 18 lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length f. One end of its magnified image touches an end of the rod. The length of the image is 1 1 wr oir x wr 5. Aray of light falls on the surface of a spherical glass paper weight making an anglea. with the normal and is refracted in the medium at an angle. The angle of deviation of the emergent ray from the direction of the incident ray is, Wa-— — W)%a-—) Ce-P/2 Ma+p) 6. Figure given below shows a beam of light converging at point. P. When a concave lens of focal length 16 em is introduced in the path of the beam at a place O shown by dotted line such that OP becomes the axis of the lens, the beam converges at a distance x from the lens. The value x will be equal to (6) 246m (a) 48.em (@) 120m fo) 36m PHYSICS SPECTRUM « NOVEMBER 2016 < 11© PHysics COSMOS 7. 10. 11. 12. 13. 12 ‘Two point light sources are 24 em apart, Where should a convex lens of focal length 9 em be put in between them from one source so that the images of both the sources are formed at the same place. (a)6em ()9em fe) 12em_—(d) Bem A convex lens of focal length 40 em is in contact with fa concave lens of focal length 25 em. The power of combination is @-15D )- 65D @+65D d+ 667D A combination of two thin lenses with focal lengths f, and f; respectively form an image of distant object at distance 60 cm when lenses are in contact. The position of this image shifts by 30 cm towards the combination when two lenses are separated by 10 em. The corresponding values of f, and f, are (a) 30em,~ 60em @)20em,- 30em () 15 cm, - 200m @ Wem,~ bem An air bubble in a glass sphere having 4 em diameter appears 1 em from surface nearest. to eye when looked along diameter. If tty =15, the distance of Dubble from refracting surface is 0f 38.25 em, Aconeave mirror ff is placed 15 em above the water lovel and the image of an object placed atthe bottom is formed at 25 om below the water level. The focal length ofthe mirror is Gem (15 A convex lens is in contact with concave lens. The m (0) 200m @ em magnitude of the ratio of their focal length is 3 ‘Their equivalent focal length is 30 cm. What are their individual focal lengths? (a)~75,50 ()-10,15 (@)75,50 (d)- 15,10 A point object is placed at a distance of 20 em from a thin plano-convex lens of focal length 15 em. The plane surface of the lens is now silvered. The image created by the system is at 20m (a) 60 em to the loft of the syste (6) 60 em to the right ofthe system (6) 12cm to the left of the system (@) 12m to the right of the system NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SI 14, The graph between object distance w and image distance v for a lens is given below. ‘The focal length of the lens is “2 ae (5401 — @)5+005 (05+ 01 (a)05+ 005 15, A biconvex lens of focal length f forms a circular image of radius r of sun in focal plane. Then, which option is correct? @) wef () mr? af (@) Iflower half part is covered by black shect, then area of the image is equal to = age is equal to @ If fis doubled, intensity will increase 16. A ray of light travelling in water is incident on its surface open to air. The angle of incidence is®, which is less than the critical angle. Then, there will be (@) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray (6) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray (©) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle Dotween them would be less than (180° ~ 28) @ a reflocted ray and a refracted ray and the angle Dotween them would be greater than (180° ~ 26) 17. PQR is right angled prism with other angles as 60° and 30°, Refractive index of prism is 1.5. PQ has a thin layer of liquid, Light falls normally on the face PR. For total internal reflection, maximum refractive index of liquid is (ia 12 aj18 In an experiment to determine the focal length (/) of a concave mirror by the u-v method, a student places the object pin A on the principal axis at a distance x from the pole P. The student looks at the pin and its inverted image from a distance keeping his/her eye in line with PA. When the student shifts his/her eye towards left, the image appears to the right of the object pin. Then, (xf Ofexe 2p x= 2% @x> 4 wis 18,i) PHysics COSMOS 19. A light beam is travelling from Region I to Region IV. ‘aisio'(2) @ysinr'(2) (Refer figure), The refractive index in Regions I, I, i : no, 22, 2 ana 20, iv fosin" (3) asio(4) ML and IV are no, “2, 22 and “2, respectively. The ; 3 angle of incidence @ for which the beam just misses 20, Diameter of a plano-convex lens is 6 cm and entering Region IV is thickness at the centre is 3 mm, If speed of light in Region! | Regiontt [Region t | Region W material oflonsis 210" ms ho focal lngth ofthe fe fe fe (a) 15 em 2 8 a (6)20em o2m | 06m {) 300m (@)10em Answers with Explanation 1. ane dN po t00m ° j—— Rwy ah 13, (@) Use refraction formula for lens ore roi 14. (5=--— Foe Ly Differentiate to get Mf _ Ae aoe = ad 1 "Tian 15, artes? 2. (e) Velocity ofimage= 20+ v= 20 16. 3. d= fo, d~100% 8% 17, 0); < 3 tye 2 e138 0 * 160 4. (b) Length of image = 5f ~ 2 18. (b) Object nt be between f and 2/. 2 2 19. @)e=sa(2) 5. (b)8=(a-f) +(a-P)=4a-f) z. 6 we ALL ve asem 20. (eh 7. (a) IfS, is object, tent ES = —r ‘From pythagoras theorem and if S, is image, then + Rea (K-09)? 7 = R=15em = 2x + 108-0 > x= 6 om Refractive index of medium 8. (yr =- sp -15D axto" 3 2x10" ‘From lens maker's formula, 11, (@) For mirror, PHYSICS SPECTRUM « NOVEMBER 2016 < 13(©) TARGET JEE 2017 aa TEST RIDER TEST Comprehensive Simulator Test Series for JEE Main &- Advanced JEE MAIN (XI SYLLABUS) (PAPER ONE PREP UP) FULLY SOLVED Mock Questions from Class XIth Syllabus with Complete Solutions INSTRUCTIONS + This test consists of 80 questions ad each question i alloted A masks fr correct response. + Candidates willbe awarded marks a stated above for correct response ofeach question. 14 marks willbe deducted for indicating incorrect response of each question, No deduction rom the total score will be made if no response i indicated for an item in the answer sheet, « Thereis only ane correc respose foreach question, Filing up more than one response in ay question willbe treated as wrong response and marks fr wrong tesponse willbe deducted according sper instructions 1. The funetion fis given by f= Asincer + B eos[, where xis displacement and ¢is the time. The dimensions of S are woo 22) toaw( 3) pal MTT) @ IMT) IMT) a MeLT?] ‘ 6. If the system shown in figure is released from rest 2. A stone is dropped from a height h. It hits the at ¢=0, then find the distance travelled by each round with a certain momentum p. Ifthe same block during first tsec ofits motion, stone is dropped from a height 100% more than previous height, the momentum when it hits the ‘ground will be changed by (a68% = AI §—(@) 200% (a) 100% 3. A solid uniform sphere resting on a rough horizontal plane is given horizontal impulse directed at centre so that it starts sliding with an initial velocity vip, When it finally starts rolling without slipping, the speed of its centre is 2 5 5 5 ° wy 84 Sy Sey @st yt watt yet 4 7 ' ? 7 @ 12 7 16 7 20 0 10 A body oscillates with SHM according to the 7. The centre of mass of three particles placed at the equations (in SI unit), x= 5 ens (2né + =) Its vortices of an equilateral triangle of masses 100 g, 150 g and 200 g respectively and each side of the instants yent at f= instantaneous displacement at ¢ =1 is equilateral triangle is 0.5 m long, is @ 1 1 5 @e=nm wim wt we ve Ie I 0s 5, Two vectors A and B have equal magnitudes. If magnitude of A+ Bis equal to p times the ‘magnitude of A—B, then the angle between. Aand Bis 14 > NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPECTRUM8. A police's jeep is chasing a thief with a velocity of 54 km/h, ‘The thief is running on a bike with a speed of 162 km/h, Police fires a bullet with muzzle velocity of 218 m/s. The velocity with which it will strike the thiet's jeep is (a) 188 ms“) 150 ms" 1 (6) 210 ms" 4 A circular plate of diameter 68 em. A circular portion of 554 em is removed from one edge of the plate as shown in the figure. The centre of mass of the remaining portion is approx at what distance from the centre of the given plate? @2 (10 (@) 160 me" ou ws 10. The distance between the earth and the moon is ‘885 x 10° m. At what distance from the earth's centro, the intensity of gravitational field will be zero? The masses of earth and moon are 598 x 10 kg and 7.35 x 10 kg respectively. (@) 847 x 10° m 0)039 x 10° m ()1.82 x 10" m (@) None of these 11. An air chamber of volume V has a neck area of ‘cross-section a into which a ball of mass m just fits and can move up and down without any friction. ‘The expression for the time period of oscillation of ball when it is slightly depressed and released, assuming pressure-volume variations of air to be isothermal, is (a) 25 [PY « [_ omg wae) on » =e om (an) (ie) 12. A horizontal stretched string fixed at two ends, is vibrating in its fifth harmonic according to the ‘equation, ¥ (x, f) =(0.01 m) sin{(628 m™) x} cos ((6285")¢] Assuming x = 314, the correct statement is fa) The number of nodes is 5. (6) The length of the string is 0.25 m (e) The maximum displacement of the mid-point of the string from its equilibrium position is 2 m (d) The fundamental frequency is 100 He. 13. The coefficient of the thermal conductivity of copper is 9 times of steel. The composite cylindrical bar shown in the figure. What will be the temperature at the junction of copper and steel? oor o opp (a) 25°C @3xc TC eC ®& TARGET JEE 2017 14, At 16°C, two open end organ pipes, when sounded together produce 51 beats in 3 s. How many beats per second will be produced, if the temperature rises to 51°C? (Neglect the increase in length of the pipes). fs 15. A rubber rope of length 8 m is hung from the ceiling of a room, What is the increase in length of the rope due to its own weight? (Given, Young's modulus of elasticity of rubber o10 ww wis =5x 10° Nm~ and density of rubber =1.5x 108 kg - 78, Take g =10 ms“) (@) 1.5 mm 6)6mm (24mm (4) 96 mm 16. An oxygen cylinder of volume 80 L has an initial gauge pressure of 15 atm and a temperature of 27°C. After some oxygen is withdrawn from the cylinder, the gauge pressure drops to 11 atm and its temperature drops to 17°C. The mass of oxygen taken out of the eylinder, assuming R =831 mol K™ and molecule’s mass of 0, =82u, is Oaks 6) 0.28 kg (6) 0.144 keg oaks 17.18 for hydrogen C, -Cy = m and for nitrogen C, ~Cy =n, where C,, and Cy refer to specific heats per unit mass respectively at constant pressure and constant volume, the relation between m and n is (molecular weight of hydrogen =2 and molecular weight of nitrogen = 14) (ain=14m (e)m=7n Ojn=Tm (m= tn 18, There is a hole of area A at the bottom of a cylindrical vessel. Water is filled upto a height h and water flows out in tec. If water is filled to a height 4th, then it will flow out in times. faa war (16 wt 16 0 19. At constant temperature, the volume of a gas is decreased by 4%. The pressure must be inereased by (a) 4% 416% (9% (396% 20.4 10 kg monkey is climbing a massless rope attached to a 15 kg mass over a tree limb, The mass is lying on the ground. In order to raise the mass from the ground, he must climb with (a) a uniform acceleration greater than 5 ms (@) uniform accoleration greater than 2.5 ms“ (@) high speed (@) a uniform acceleration greater than 10 ms“* PHYSICS SPECTRUM « NOVEMBER 2016 < 15&) TARGET JEE 2017 21. A train is approaching towards a platform with a speed of 10 m/s while blowing a whistle of frequency 340 Hz, What is the frequency of whistle heard by a stationary observer on the platform? Given, speed of sound = 340 ms™!) (@)390Hz —@) 350Hz —(e) 9402 (a) 960 Hz 22. An object in laboratory takes 4 min to cool from 61°C to 59°C, If the laboratory temperature is 30°C, then the time taken by it to cool from 51°C to 49°Cis (Amin ©) 6min 23. One end of steel wire is fixed to ceiling of an elevator moving up with an acceleration 2 mis? and ‘load of 10 kg hangs from other end, Area of cross-section of the wire is 2 em”. The longitudinal strain in the wire is (Take, g ~10 m/s* and 2x10!" Nm“) fa) 4x10" fe)8x10-* (8min (a) Smin 3x08 W@2x10-* 24. A bottle weighing 220 g and of area of cross-section ‘50 cm? and height 4 em oscillates on the surface of water in vertical position. Its frequency of oscillation is @)15He = @)25Hz —(@).5Hz (a) 4.5 He 25. If a satellite is revolving around a planet of mass M in an elliptical orbit of semi-major axis a, find the orbital speed of the satellite when it is at a distance from the focus. Answers with 1. (@) Since, angles have no dimension, cx is dimensionless: [a] = I>") fis dimensionless (§)=(T""] a0) wer) ar) 2. (b) Velocity, @ ‘and momentum, ngs h+ hx 100 io Pa. ag na Ve 16 > NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPE 26. A carnot engine having efficiency of = ig: As heat engine is used as a refrigerator then the work done on the system is 10,J, the amount of energy absorbed from the reservoir at lower temperature is is @9F — 99F 1005 27.1m a thermodynamic process, the pressure of a fixed ‘mass of a gas is changed in such a manner that the gas releases 20 J of heat and 8 J of work is done on the gas. If the initial internal energy of the gas was 80 J, then the final internal energy will be or as BS BT 28. The equation of simple harmonic motion is given by =3sin Foor =), where x and yaare in metre and ¢ is in second, the ratio of maximum particle velocity to the wave velocity is . (2x wen jan wen 29. A 24 leg block resting on a floor has a rope tied to its top. The maximum tension, the rope can withstand. without breaking is 210 N. The minimum time in which the block can be lifted a vertical distance of 4.6 m by pulling on the rope is, j@izs Wiss Wits Wass 30. A man running has half the kinetic energy of a boy of half his mass. The man speeds up by 1 ms~' and then has KE as that of the boy. What were the original speeds of man and the boy? (a) VBms; 202 ~ me (@) None of the above xplanation pro 144 py Se change 2221 109 =( MMB = 2) <1 P. Cp, = O44 00 = 41% Pi 3. (e) By conservation of angular momentum, angular ‘momentum will remain conserved along point of contact Ia = constant rmoyp = mor + 2 nr(2) ray = mors (24, (a) Given, Seas (2+ 2) fat t= 18) 4 (rhere, xis a displacement) x +E) cnt 380" + 8) = cons a 1 x bet a 5, (b) Letbe the angle between A and B,|A+B|=p|A~B| > (APB? + 2AB eso p (AP +B? BAB eos 180" - 8) Let, AaB 21+ co88) = p 1+ cos (1+ p? cos 6. (b) Applying Newton's 2nd law on the two blocks, we have For m mass, me @ For 3m mass, 1 3mg sind" = Sma “ Bq. + Bg Gi, we got img ~ 8 mg sin30" = Ama =m 2 = dma ‘Therefore, Sm accelerates down the inclined surface and ‘m accelerates in the upward direction. Ifthe system was released from rest at (= 0, then at some time f distance travelled by each body is setatalxfxt 23% s oe 6 {along the downward direction of the inclined for 3m and slongwith vertically upward direction for m) 7. (a) Three particles are arranged as shown below 2009 8 25.0255) a) B27 A105. 9 en Mkt + Mak + mats [200 (0) + 150.05) + 200 0: HOO + 150+ 200 5 ®& TARGET JEE 2017 154 50_ 125 _ 5, 450 450 18 y = mit mY + mk (200.0) + 150.07 “508 100 (0.2549) ‘Velocity of thies jeep = 162 kesh 16a 5 = 20 we = 45 ms! Velocity o bullet wit police's ep toms Voloity of bullet wt police's ar oes ‘Velocity of bullet wrt. thi!'s jeep 18+ 15 ~ 45= 188m: . (a) Let O be the centre of circular plate and O, be the centre of circular portion removed from the plate. Let Che the centre of mass of the remaining part. ‘Area of original plate = xR? x (sy (30? x om? 2 Area removed from circular part = mr 27)? em? 54 “G) Loto be the mass per em*. Then, mass of original plate m= (34? on Mass of removed part, m, = (27)? 6 x Mass of remaining part, img = (34)40 x ~ (27)80 x= 427 & Now, the masses m, and m, may be supposed to be concentrated at O, and C respectively. Their combined contre of mass is at O. Taking O as the origin, we have {rom definition of eentre of mass miss + Mae x, = 00, = OA~ O,A= 34-27 =7em x)= OC=7,x04 0 = QDtaxT+ 421 noxsy ape QDR ORT B9XT ae @ 7 =1195 = 12em This means that centre of mass ofthe remaining plate is approx at distance 12 em from the centre of given circular plate opposite to the removed portion. . fa) Intensity of gravitational field will be zero at a distance x em from earth's centre, ‘According to question, PHYSICS SPECTRUM «< NOVEMBER 2016 < 17a n. 12, 13. 18 TARGET JEE 2017 847 10° m. (a) Let the ball is displaced by distance x from its mean position in downward direction. This increases the pressure p. Since, bulk modulus Normal stress Volumetric strain Baa ‘On solving, F BAtAS) v If mis the mass ofthe ball, the instantaneous acceleration is given by = Bax __(BA?) @ mv “(mV ‘Motion of the ball is simple harmonic motion ‘Comparing with the standard equation of SHM, Aaa Comparing Eqs. (i) and (i), we have (I ok ‘Time poriod of ball, ‘Time period of ball, (®) Comparing with standard equation of stationary waves, we have k 628m! On solving, & = 01m For horizontal stretched string vibrating in 5!" the length of string = 24 = 25 04 = 025m harmonic, (e) The heat current wher PD (temperature difference) ‘mal resistance 98 Bowe 0° i Yo eo om NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPE{ 14, 16. Ihygmat = Thermal PD x KA (100°C = 7) 9KA_ (Pr - 0'C) KA “Wen em ar = 300°C T= @ Number ofbeatsis at 16°C Let length of two organ pipes = J, lp Lowest frequencies emitted by the pipes at 16°C = vy, va Lowest frequencies emitted by the pipes at 51°C vv‘, Velocity of sound at 16° and 51°C respectively tha 1 y= Bandy, a Nambor of betas at 16° viva = fa r al ar D Let the number of beata/s at 51°C = m { or 28 ~My 2h Be 4 to 2] " Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (), we get na Length i taken as 3 because weight acts a8 CG. Now, M= AL, For the purpose of calculation of mass, the whole of geometrical length L is to be considered. ALp al BAL pal? rg 96 107 m 1.5% 10" «10x 8x8 2x ex 16 10°? 10° mm, 16mm () By ideal gas equation, pV = nRT For case 1, DV, (05% 1.013 x 10°) x (901079, RT, BBL x 300 For case 2, Biv _ (111.018 x 10°) x (80 10"9) RT, Sax 20 Mass of oxygen taken out ofthe eylinder = my ~ my = 183 - 138= 45 mol = 45x 52-Mdg Ot kg 188 mol ny 138ml17. (e) According to question, ©, ~ Cy =m, for hydrogen (m C, ~ Gy = n, for nitrogen (m, = 14 For hydrogen, For nitrogen, C,-& 18, (a) Volume of water in the vessel of base area A’ and height his V = A’h Average velocity of outflowing water when height of water ‘changes from to O is Jagh +0 2 V= Aut ‘When vossel i filled to height 4f, then volume in vessel 4V = 4Avt = 4a VER 2 Ifis the time taken forthe outflowing liquid and isthe average velocity of oxtflowing liquid, then AV = Any ort, = 4¥ = AAVBRH xt? oy Wy Be Ax eee 19, (b) At constant temperature, ¥ Vi=pv, 9 2% nue a Fractional change in volume, ‘Se increase in pressure 20. (a) If monkey moves upward with acceleration a, then we have 10(g+a)=15 a= 15-105 mis* ‘Thus, to raise the mass from the ground monkey as to move upward with uniform accoleration greater than Sms“ 21. (a) Apparent froquency observed is given by ®& TARGET JEE 2017 22. (b) According to Newton's law of cooling, Q=e _pf@+O_@] | > 8 x[S ! 20-304 o 60K 49 _ [51449 ao] ook Uz J 2eax1 2) 7% ao" 3 ta8x2=6min 23.) = mig +09) 1000+ 2 = 120 Stress = 7 = _120__ 69x 108 A 2x10* y Stree migeag Strain Strain = Stress - 60% 10" a9 10-7 = 3x 10"* ¥" axi0 24. (b) Let he the depth of bottle in water, then Ahipg = mg or ha = 2g om ap” B0xT iz 1 fe Toon Rory-1-4 fe Ve 2 an Vk =e eas me Va 25. (b) Asin case of elliptic orbit of «satellite mechanical onoray B = - FAO remains constant, at any postion of satellivein the ori, KE +PE @ Now, iat position r,vis the orbital speed of satelite ke =r? and pe = - Sm cr So, rom Bas.) andi, we have * etm 7a 26. (b) Here, ? Coofficiont of performance of refrigerator, anton 7 Ww Substituting gven value, we got. 1 % s qeoos Ww @ To be Continued at Page 38 PHYSICS SPECTRUM « NOVEMBER 2016 < 1920 SJ TARGET JEE 2017 TEST RIDER Comprehensive Simulator Test Series for JEE Main & Advanced JEE MAIN (PAPER TWO SCALE UP) vag 110 (OCR RE 1)} UU aa ‘Mock Questions from Class XIth syllabus to inhance Your Problem Sotving Skills INSTRUCTIONS «This es consists of 30 questions and each question i alloted 4 masks fr co + Candidates willbe awarded marks as stated above for correct response of each question 1/4 marks wile deducted for indicating incorrect. response ofeach question, No deduction fom the toa core wl be made if no zespone is indicated for aa item inthe answer hee, «Theres only one correct reponse fr each question, Filling up more than one responce in any question wile rated a wrong response and marks for weong response willbe deducted according as per instructions. responce 1. A liquid bubble oscillates in a pond with a period T proportional to p* d” E", where pis the static pressure, d is the density of water and E is the total ‘energy experienced by bubble. The values of a, band 5 78 6 a8 ware Ina certain experiment of vernier callipers, a student found that the one main scale division is equivalent to 2mm and 20th division of the vernier scale exactly coincides with 19th divisions of the ‘main seale, The least count ealeulated by the student is (@) 0.01 mm 6)0.1mm — @)0.25mm (4)0.5 mm 3. A river is flowing from west to east at a speed of 15 m min, A man on the south bank of the river, capable of swimming at 25 m min“ in still water, ‘wants to swim across the river in the shortest time, ‘He should swim in a direction {) due north (6) 30" eas of north {6) 60" west of north (4) 60° wast of north 4. Avballis dropped from the top of a tower of height 125 m. Assuming the dropping point as the origin and the downward direction postive, ‘The appropriate s-t graph will be (Take, g = 10 ms“) > NOVEMBER 2016 > PHYSICS SPECTRUM. s s (fn on} @ AL o bse 78 s s wf | © w 8) 8) 5. Abody of mass 1 kg is thrown with speed of 10 ms“* at an angle of projection 45°. The ratio of initial kinetic energy to the kinetic energy attained by a body at the highest point will be @in2 1:2 Bet 6. A body of mass 1 kg slides down from the top of a frictionless hemisphere of radius 5 em as shown in figure. The centripetal force is provided by the force of gravity. However, at point B the body looses its contact with the surface of the sphere and fall on the ground. The height (/t) at which block looses its contact from the ground is, wr 5 (a) em Sem @ w3 10 2 Xen @2em "F °57. Two blocks of mass m, and m, are connected by a string passing over two smooth pulleys attached at the two ends ofa fritionless horizontal surface, The tension produced in the string is a (oyP= 8 (ovr = Tm +m “amin (T= Dus (@) None of these A block of mass 2 kg moves on an inclined smooth, road (@ = 30°) with velocity 10 ms~, After some time, it comes to rest. The distance travelled by the body is (@)420m (125m 105m A lift of mass 1500 kg is moving downward with an acceleration of 2 ms~*. A string is connected to the top of lift. The tension produced in the string is, (Take, g = 10 ms). (a) 9,800 N 402m (11,000 N (©) 10,500 N (d) 12,000 10. A force F =—k (yi + x) , where k is a positive constant acts on a particle moving in the 2-y plane. Starting from the origin, the particle is taken along: the positive x-axis to the point (a, 0) and then parallel to the y-axis to the point (a, v2a). The total ‘work done by the force F on the particle is ()~ 27 ka? (0) 202 ka? (o)~VB ha? (VE ka 1. A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity of 9 ms™ at an angle 60° with the horizontal direction. At the highest point in its path it explodes into two pieces of ‘equal mass of 1 kg. One of the pieces retraces its path to the cannon, then the speed (in ms™) of the other piece immediately after the explosion is (@) 13.5 ms (6) 9 ms" (06.75 ms" (551 ms 12. A body of mass 4 kg is moving with a velocity of 17 ms”, It collides with another body of mass 12 kg at rest. The kinetic energy retained by first body after collision is (a) 0.25 5 oss (00.153 (@ Data insufficient 13. A body of mass 3.5 kg is wound around the circumference of solid cylinder through a string. ‘The radius of the cylinder being 13 em. The tension ®& TARGET JEE 2017 producted in the string when the mass is released is (Take g =10 ms) f@)216N (4) 455N 14. A solid sphere and a ring are rotating freely about their own tangential axis having same angular momenta, If Ks and K, be the kinetic energy of the solid sphere and ring respectively, then (Ks=Ky O)Ks> Ky (OKs NOVEMBER 2016 » PHYSICS SPE 25, Two cylinders marked as A and B are fitted with pistons. They contain equal amounts of an ideal diatomic gas at 300 K. Piston A is movable whereas Bis not both are provided with same amount of heat. If the temperature in A rises to 30 K, then the rise in temperature of the gas in Bis @eox (6)50K (30K @2K 26. The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 127° Cll the value where the rms velocity becomes twice as that of its initial rms velocity. The change in temperature will be (a) 1200K (e)1200°C (6) 1600 (@) 1600 27. A gas mixture contains 8 moles of oxygen and 2 moles of argon at temperature 27 K. Neglecting all vibrational modes, the total internal energy of the system is (a) 620R (6) 3508 (3500 (ani 28. A pendulum having bob of mass m and charge q is, placed in a uniform electric field of strength E. The electric field is acting in upward direction. It is set into an oscillation, The time period of this pendulum will (a) increase 0) decrease () remains same (@) Data insufficient 29.4 car sounding a horn of frequency 450 Hz approaches a man (which is at rest) at a speed of 50 ms”. The frequency heard by the man in Hz is (e) 500 Hz (6) 450 Hie (©) 800 He (a) 950 te 30..A pipe of length 42 em is open from both the ends. ‘The maximum frequeney it ean have is 1550 Hz, ‘The velocity of sound in air is 336 ms“, The number of possible natural oscillations of air column in the pipe ean be ft wa ws @.2 Answers ti) 2) 8 BG 60 7.6) 8a) 8) 1.) 1) 2) 14.) 15.0) 166) 17.) 18) 18). 26) 26 236) maa 2.) 26) 76 8.) 3.) 90.)150 Integer Ques, 400 Passages, 450 More Than one Option, ele 200 Matrix Matching in PHYSICS 850 Integer Ques, 400 Passages, 850 More Than one Option, 200 Matrix Matching in CHEMISTRY arihant 400 Integer Ques, 650 Passages, 650 More Than one Option, 150 Matrix Matching in MATHEMATICS NEW PATTERN BOOKS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED cs a oz PHYSICS CHEMISTRY| | MATHEMATICS Bsa Zea) pT ANN WNC) B062 665.00 B061 785.00 B070 795.00 EACH BOOK HAVING THOUSAND OF JEE LEVEL QUESTIONS OF ALL FORMATS * SINGLE CORRECT OPTION « MULTIPLE CORRECT OPTIONS ‘* ASSERTION-REASON * LINKED COMPREHENSION BASED * MATRIX MATCHING « SINGLE INTEGER ANSWER TYPE&) EXPLICATION | ANTi-SKID BRAKING | Anti-skid Braking System (ABS) increases steerebility and drivers control aver vehicle while braking or panic braking by not: locking the wheel while braking. 1. Conventional raking Semooles) Dise Brakes Calpe Piston Pressure forces piston out rss. Wheel ase pase ames mates ‘Bake acs, rake pode we Brera hub IR Heat generated is dissipate in abrosphore OLDER stake stom employs other a dum bake oa cis brake (ln usein some Drum Brakes Pressure tam pedal oyner pushes ~P presour of brake Sve cyngor sors ot, The bake G7 sciromcjieder pads ub ov! whool dum ta cause Ss “Ante skid Sytem Anteskia of Artec braking system allows moor vice {omamiain tacive coat wih fonds Sulace 28 gr the ‘ver inputs whe brakeg oraverting be wheels rom Toeking up peat, ABS nudes a conva oronc onal uni (ECU), hed speed sensors, ans alse two yout vanes wie Ino brake Pyagtes, The ECU “onstrates he flatoral spems of each wheel \Fitwerects awhoel testing scanty stowor han the ‘hers, conden indesive of mpanaing wheel, Iactustes the ves fo reduce maraule pressure tothe brake atthe afected hos, us feaucing tne orang foros on tna hes ne wheat ure fasten, CConvsrshy, the FOU cetects wheel ung sgniicanty fastrhan ne ators, brake "ysrauc pressure ne hoes rereased so he bratngfressreanpled Soweg down the uhwel he process repeciad Conindously ane can oe dette by he vr via Cake 2 Opp'sit Sips Slipping an wears to ook va 8 ‘Skiccng Brake apctec Slip causes () Lack of convo over steering anc (iy Lith oro efectve tren Maitaing the eptimum ticion is rot say. he brake pedals rel constant ater the stp as sarted andthe haa began to decelfates te sake clon oveases Upto te pat pedal pulsation, Because of fis tha wheels of cars Eeupod with ABS are practoaly possible o Bex evon Girng parle brag entrore conaiions 3, Anlskid Braking ‘Rampo tecanquo used by mary expaonced ero avo siding while akg nae braking ovr a stppary surface isto pure the ‘rakes Appling braless anc releasing them shor to ava ary lack Char skcng of wheel. Tiss he same operation a ant-e¥d ang Syston do bul wth ite erence, ‘8. Antiskld Operation + Whee pad sensor sends nermaton of pressure on whseland send information fo Feu “ECU processes the information using programmed data sends ouput signal Io-contal ne apeatan of earl waves" ABS aes). ‘These operations canbe broken down a3 | [Process] [ABS Component Layout Toth Toth vines! Sensor ABS vakes wheel Sensor Anieske brakos apteg no slo which ncroass sloorab ty ‘and reduces stopping distance. No skiing and easy steerable y Srake angled Bram 2 Q $38 s.r Se Gide — ile Stn SUD x9) re Teoh smbor Binsode > sar okt tea Sur agence ea Whoo! Speed Sensor Operation ‘Tho whoo sped sonsor isa J) eagnets pckuo tye sensor. "= Gants ofa colwranped around ‘Smagnel is positanea near the ‘BI foomuneetwnenis atlached a 7 thowhoathub. As the whoa spe, Toth tha eth (and ine spacos betwoor wheel them) pass bythe sensor. Tis " Inuerees the magne Tal ‘trough te magne Votage Time 24 OCTOBER 2016 « PHYSICS SPECTRUM