200 Bai Mu Logarit PDF

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Phng
ng tri
Ph trinhnh
Bt ph
phng
ng tri
trinhnh
H ph
phng
ng tri
trinhnh
H bt ph
phng
ng tri
trinhnh
Mu & Logarit
L Vn oa
Ths. L oan
Bi 1. Cao ng S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2002
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Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh sau
1/ 2 log5 x log x 125 < 1 (1)
x 2 5 x 2 5
2/ 4 x 12.2x 1 +8=0 (2)
Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii bt phng trnh : 2 log5 x log x 125 < 1 (1)
iu kin : 0 < x 1 .
1 3
(1) 2 log5 x log x
1 < 0 2 log5 x
log5 x
1 < 0
125
t = log5 x 0 log x < 1

t = log5 x 5 x < 1
2t2 t 3 5 .
<0 t < 1 0 < t < 3 0 < log x < 3
2 5
2 1 < x < 5 5
t
1
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x 0; 1; 5 5 .
5
( )
x 2 5 x 2 5
2/ Gii phng trnh : 4 x 12.2x 1 +8=0 (2)
x 5

2
iu kin : x 5 0
x 5
Tp xc nh : D = ; 5 5; + .( )

x x2 5
t = 2x x 5 > 0
2
x x2 5 2 2
2 =2
(2) 2 6.2
x x 5
+8 =0
x x2 5
t 6.t + 8 = 0
2
2 =4

x 1 0 x 1

x = 3
2 2 x = 3
x x 2
5 = 1 x 5 = x 1
x 2
5 = ( x 1)

x 2 .
x x2 5 = 2 x2 5 = x 2 x 2 0
x = 9

2 9 4
x2 5 = (x 2) x =
4
9
Kt hp vi iu kin, phng trn c hai nghim l x = ; x = 3.
4
Bi 2. Cao ng S Phm H Tnh khi A, B nm 2002
2
(log x) log x
Gii bt phng trnh : 2 2 + x 2 4 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 tp xc nh : D = (0; +) .
t log2 x = t x = 2t . Lc :
2 t 2 2 2
() 2t + 2t ( ) 4 2 t + 2 t 4 0 2 t 21 t2 1 1 t 1
1
Vi t = log2 x 1 log2 x 1 x 2.
2
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x (0; +) .
Bi 3.
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Cao ng S Phm Nha Trang nm 2002
Gii phng trnh : (x + 1) log23 x + 4xlog3 x 16 = 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 Tp xc nh D = (0; +) .
t t = log3 x v do x > 0 x + 1 0 . Lc : () (x + 1) t2 + 4xt 16 = 0 .

2 2
Lp ' = 4x2 + 16x + 16 = 4 (x + 2) = 4 (x + 2) = 2 (x + 2), (do x > 0) .

t = 2x + 2 (x + 2) = 4

x +1 x +1.
t = 2x 2 (x + 2) = 4

x +1
1
Vi t = 4 log3 x = 4 x = .
81
4 4
V i t =
x +1
log3 x =
x +1
(1)
Nhn thy phng trnh (1) c mt nghim l x = 3 .
Hm s f (x ) = log3 x : l hm s ng bin trn (0;+) .
4 4
Hm s g (x) = c g ' (x) = 2
< 0, x g (x) : nghch bin trn (0;+) .
x +1
( )
x + 1
Vy phng trnh (1) c mt nghim duy nht l x = 3 .
1
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim l x = , x = 3.
81
Bi 4. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Hi Dng nm 2002
2 2 2
Gii bt phng trnh : 4x2 + x.2x +1
+ 3.2x > x2 .2x + 8x + 12 ()
Bi gii tham kho
2 2 2
() 4x2 + 2x.2x + 3.2x x2 .2x 8x 12 > 0
2 2 2
2x.2x 8x + 3.2x 12 + 4x2 x2 .2x > 0

2 2 2
2x 2x 4 + 3 2x 4 x2 2x 4 > 0

2 2
( ) (
2x 4 2x + 3 x2 > 0 f (x) = 2x 4 x2 2x 3 < 0 (1)
)
2 x = 2
2x 4 = 0 x2 = 2
Cho .
x 2x 3 = 0 x = 1 x = 3 x = 1 x = 3
2
Bng xt du
x 2 1 2 3 +
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x2 + 0 0 + +
2 4
x2 2x 3 + + 0 0 +
f ( x) + 0 0 + 0 0 +
Da vo bng xt, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x 2; 1 ( ) ( )

2; 3 .
Bi 5. Cao ng khi T, M nm 2004 i hc Hng Vng

log2 (xy) log 3
9 = 3 + 2. (xy) 2 (1)
Gii h phng trnh :
x2 + y2 = 3x + 3y + 6 (2)

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : xy > 0 .
t = 3log2 xy > 0 log (xy)
2. log2 (xy) log2 (xy) t = 3 2 = 1 (L )
(1) 3 2.3 3 = 0 2
t 2t 3 = 0

log2 (xy)
t = 3 =3
log2 ( xy) = 1 xy = 2 (3) .

2 2 x + y = 5
(2) (x + y) 3 (x + y) 2xy 6 = 0 (x + y) 3 (x + y) 10 = 0 (4) .
x + y = 2

xy = 2 5 17 5 + 17
x + y = 5 y = 5 x
x = x =

(3), (4) xy = 2 2 2 2 .

x + 5x 2 = 0
5 + 17
5 17

x + y = 2
(VN) y =
2
y =
2

Bi 6. Cao ng S Phm Hi Phng i hc Hi Phng nm 2004
1 2
1/ Gii phng trnh : log2 (x 1) + log 1 (x + 4) = log2 (3 x) ()
2
2
(
2/ Gii phng trnh : log3 x2 + 2x + 1 = log2 x2 + 2x ) ( ) ( )
Bi gii tham kho
1 2
1/ Gii phng trnh : log2 (x 1) + log 1 (x + 4) = log2 (3 x) ()
2
2
x 1 0 x 1
4 < x < 3
iu kin : x + 4 > 0 x > 4 .
x 1

3 x > 0 x < 3
() log2 x 1 log2 (x + 4) = log2 (3 x) log2 x 1 = log2 (3 x)(x + 4)
x 1 = (3 x)(x + 4) x 1 = x2 x + 12
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x2 x + 12 0 4 x 3
x = 11
2
x 1 = x x + 12 x = 1 + 14 x = 1 14 .
x = 1 + 14
2
x 1 = x + x 12 x = 11 x = 11
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l : x = 11 x = 1 + 14 .
( )
2/ Gii phng trnh : log3 x2 + 2x + 1 = log2 x2 + 2x ( ) ( )
2 2
x + 2x + 1 > 0 ( x + 1) > 0
iu kin : 2 x (; 2) (0; +) .
x + 2x > 0 x (; 2) (0; +)
x 2 + 2x + 1 = 3t > 0
( ) (
t : log3 x2 + 2x + 1 = log2 x2 + 2x = t 2 ) x + 2x = 2t > 0

x2 + 2x = 2t
x2 + 2x = 3t 1 x 2 + 2x = 2t x2 + 2x = 2t (1)

2 t t 2 t 1 t .
x + 2x = 2t 3 1 = 2t 2 + 1 = 3t + = 1 (2)

3 3
Nhn thy t = 1 l mt nghim ca phng trnh (2) .
2 t 1 t
Xt hm s f (t) = + trn :
3 3
2 t 2 1
t
1

f ' ( t) = .ln + . ln < 0, t f (t) nghch bin trn .
3 3 3 3
Do , t = 1 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh (2) .
Thay t = 1 vo (2), ta c : x2 + 2x = 2 x2 + 2x 2 = 0 x = 1 3 .
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1 3 .

Bi 7. Cao ng S Phm Nh Tr Mu Gio TWI nm 2004
1 1
Gii bt phng trnh : log 2 >
(x1) 4 2
()
Bi gii tham kho
2
iu kin : 0 < ( x 1) 1 x 0,1, 2 .
1 1 1 1
() 2 log x1 4 > 2 log x1 4 > log x1 x 1 ( )
1 x 1 > 1
> x 1
Nu x 1 > 1 th ( ) 4 (v l) Khng c x tha.
x 1 < 1
x 1 > 1 4
Nu 0 < x 1 < 1 th

1 < x 1

0 < x 1 < 1 0 < x < 3
1 4.
( ) 4
1 0 < x 1 <
4 5
x 1 <
0 < x 1 < 1 4 <x<2
4
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Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x 0; ;2 .
4 4

log x 2 + y2 = 5

Gii h phng trnh : 2
( ) ()
2 log x + log y = 4
4 2
Bi gii tham kho

2 x > 0
x + y > 0
2
iu kin : .
x > 0, y > 0 y > 0
x 2 + y2 = 32 x2 + y2 = 32 2 2
(x + y) 2xy = 32 ( x + y) = 64
() log x + log y = 4 log xy = 4
2 2 2 ( ) xy = 16 xy = 16
x + y = 8 x + y = 8 x = y = 4
.
xy = 16 xy = 16 x = y = 4
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca h l S = (x; y) = {(4; 4)} .
Bi 9. Cao ng S Phm Bc Ninh nm 2004
2 3
log 1 (x + 3) log 1 (x + 3)
Gii bt phng trnh : 2
x +1
3
>0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
x > 3
iu kin : .
x 1

Trng hp 1. Nu x + 1 < 0 3 < x < 1 .
2 3
() log 1 (x + 3) log 1 (x + 3) < 0
2 3
3 log3 (x + 3) 2 log2 (x + 3) < 0
3 log3 ( x + 3) 2 log2 3. log3 ( x + 3) < 0
log3 (x + 3) . (3 2 log2 3) < 0
log3 (x + 3) > 0 (Do : 3 2 log2 3 < 0)

x + 3 > 1 2 < x < 1 tha mn iu kin : 3 < x < 1 .
Trng hp 2. Nu x + 1 > 0 x > 1 .
2 3
() log 1 (x + 3) log 1 (x + 3) > 0
2 3
3 log3 (x + 3) 2 log2 (x + 3) > 0
3 log3 ( x + 3) 2 log2 3. log3 ( x + 3) > 0
log3 (x + 3) . (3 2 log2 3) > 0
log3 (x + 3) < 0 (Do : 3 2 log2 3 < 0)

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x + 3 < 1 x < 2 khng tha mn iu kin x > 1 .
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (2; 1) .
Bi 10. Cao ng S Phm Bnh Phc nm 2004
( )
Gii phng trnh : 3x2 2x 3 = log2 x2 + 1 log2 x ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 .
x2 + 1 1
() log2 = 3x2 2x 3 log2 x + = 3x2 2x 3 ( )
x x
1 Csi 1 1 1
Ta c x > 0 : x + 2 x. x + 2 log2 x + log2 2 = 1 .
x x x x
1 x = 1
Du " = " xy ra khi v ch khi x = x2 = 1
x = 1 L x = 1 .
x
( )
Xt hm s y = 3x2 2x 3 trn khong (0;+) :
y ' = 6x 6x2 . Cho y ' = 0 x = 0, x = 1 .

f (0) = 0

M max y = 1 y = 3x2 2x 3 1 . Du " = " xy ra khi x = 1 .
f (1) = 1 (0;+)

log x + 1 1 (1)
2 x
2
Tm li : ( ) 2x 2x 3 1

(2) Du " = " trong (1), (2) ng thi xy ra

log x + 1 = 3x2 2x 3

2
x
x = 1 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh.
Bi 11. Cao ng S Phm Kom Tum nm 2004
Gii phng trnh : log5 x. log3 x = log5 x + log3 x ()
Bi gii tham kho
log x
() log5 x. log3 x log5 x log5 3 = 0
5
1
log5 x log3 x 1 = 0
log5 3
log5 x (log3 x log3 3 log3 5) = 0
log5 x. (log3 x log3 15) = 0

log x = 0 x = 1
5
.
log x log 15 = 0 x = 15
3 3
Bi 12. Cao ng Giao Thng nm 2004
Gii bt phng trnh : 8 + 21+ x 4 x + 21+ x > 5 (1)

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Bi gii tham kho
t = 2x > 0
2
(1) x
8 + 2.2 ( )
2x
> 5 2.2 x
8 + 2t t2 > 5 2.t

t > 0
t > 0
t > 5

5 2t < 0
2
2 t 4 5
8 + 2t t2 0 <t4

2 1< t4.
t > 0 t > 0 5
1 < t
5 2
5 2t 0 t
2 2
8 + 2t t2 > (5 2t) 17
1 < t <
5
Thay t = 2x vo ta c : 1 < 2x 4 20 < 2x 22 0 < x 2 .
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (0;2 .
Bi 13. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip II nm 2004

log22 x + 3
Gii bt phng trnh :
log2 x + 3
>2 ()
Bi gii tham kho

x > 0 x > 0 x > 0 x > 0
iu kin : .
log2 x + 3 0 log2 x log2 23 x 23 x 1
8
log22 x + 3 log22 x 2 log2 x 3
() log x+3
2 > 0
log2 x + 3
>0 ( )
2
t t = log2 x . Khi ( )
t2 2t 3
> 0 f (t) =
(t + 1)(t 3) > 0
t+3 t+3
( ) .
Xt du f (t) =
(t + 1)(t 3) :
t+3
t 3 1 3 +
f (t) + 0 0 +
Kt hp bng xt du v ( ), ta c :
1
3 < t < 1

3 < log x < 1
2
<x<1
t > 3 log x > 3 8 2.

2
x > 8
1 1
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x ; .
8 2
Bi 14. Cao ng C Kh Luyn Kim nm 2004
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(
Gii phng trnh : log2 25x +3 1 = 2 + log2 5x +3 + 1 ) ( ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
x +3 1 > 0 x + 3 > 25o
25 25
iu kin : x + 3 x +3 x3> 0 x > 3.
5 +1> 0 5 + 1 > 0 (), x

() log2 (25x+3 1) = log2 4 + log2 (5x +3 + 1)
log2 25x + 3 1 = log2 4. 5x + 3 + 1 25x + 3 1 = 4.5x + 3 + 4
( ) ( )

5 x + 3 = 1 L
2
5 = 0 x + 3
( ) x + 3 = 1 x = 2
5( x +3
)
4.5 x +3
5 =5

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim phng trnh l x = 2 .
Bi 15. Cao ng Ha Cht nm 2004
(
Gii phng trnh : log2 2x + 1 .log2 2x +1 + 2 = 6) ( ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
() log2 2x + 1 . log2 2. 2x + 1 = 6
( ) ( )
log2 2x + 1 . 1 + log2 2x + 1 6 = 0
( ) ( )

t = log 2x + 1 > 0

2 ( ) t > 0
2
t > 0
t=2
t (1 + t) 6 = 0 t + t 6 = 0 t = 2 t = 3 (L)

( )
log2 2x + 1 = 2 2x + 1 = 4 2x = 3 x = log2 3 .
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht l x = log2 3 .
Bi 16. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip khi A nm 2004
Gii phng trnh : 32x +5 36.3x +1 + 9 = 0

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
() 27.32(x +1) 36.3x+1 + 9 = 0

t = 3x +1 > 0
t = 3x +1 > 0 3x +1 = 1 x = 1
2 .
27t 36t + 9 = 0 t = 1 t = 1 x +1 1 x = 2
3 =3
3
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim x = 2 v x = 1 .
Bi 17. Cao ng Cng Nghip H Ni nm 2004
x
3 2 cos2 + sin2 x
4 2
1/ Gii phng trnh : 8sin x
= 8.8 (1)
2
1
2/ Tm tp xc nh ca hm s : y = 4 log2 x log2 3 + x2 7x + 6 (2)
x
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Bi gii tham kho
x
2 cos2 + sin2 x
sin3 x 4 2
1/ Gii phng trnh : 8 = 8.8 (1)

1+ cos x+ sin2 x +1
sin3 x 2 3 2
(1) 8 =8 8sin x
= 8sin x + sin x +2
sin3 x = sin2 x + sin x + 2
t = sin x, t 1

3 t = 2 (loi).
t t2 t 2 = 0

Vy phng trnh cho v nghim.
2
1
2/ Tm tp xc nh ca hm s : y = 4 log2 x log2 3 + x2 7x + 6 (2)
x
(2) y = 4 log2 x log22 x 3 + x2 7x + 6 .

x > 0 x > 0

Hm s xc nh khi v ch khi : log2 x + 4 log2 x 3 0
2
x 1 x 6

2 1 log2 x 3
x 7x + 6 0

0 < x 1 x 6
6 x 8.
2 x 8

Vy tp xc nh ca hm s l D = 6; 8 .
Bi 18. Cao ng Ti Chnh K Ton IV nm 2004

2
x + 5x + 4 0 (1)
Gii h phng trnh :
(2 + x) .3x < 1 (2)

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
(1) 4 x 1 x 4; 1 .
1 x
(2) x + 2 < 3 .

Vi x 4; 1 . Xt hm s f ( x) = x + 2 ng bin trn 4; 1 .

max f (x) = f (1) = 1 .
4;1

1 x
Vi x 4; 1 . Xt hm s g (x ) = nghch bin trn 4; 1 .
3
min g (x) = f (1) = 3 .
4;1

Nhn thy max f (x) < min g (x) , (1 < 3) nn g (x ) > f (x) lun lun ng
4;1 4;1

x 4; 1 . Do tp nghim ca bt phng trn l x 4; 1 .
Bi 19. Cao ng Y T Ngh An nm 2004

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3 x3 1
Gii phng trnh : log3 . log2 x log3
x
= + log2 x
2
()
3
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 .
1 1
() (log3 3 log3 x). log2 x (log3 x 3 log3 )
3 = + log2 x
2 2
1 1 1
(1 log 3 x) . log2 x 3 log 3 x = + log2 x
2 2 2
1 1 1
log2 x log2 x. log3 x 3 log3 x + log2 x = 0
2 2 2
1
log2 x log2 x.log3 x 3 log3 x = 0
2
log2 x 2 log2 x.log3 x 6 log3 x = 0
6. log2 x
log2 x 2 log2 x. log3 x =0
log2 3
log2 x. 1 2 log3 x 6 log3 2 = 0
log x = 0 x = 1
2

log x = 1 3 log 2 = log 3 log 8 = log 3 x = 3 .
3 3 3 3 3
2 8 8
3
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1, x = .
8
Bi 20. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip I nm 2006
5 12x
Gii phng trnh : logx 4.log2
12x 8
=2 ()
Bi gii tham kho
0 < x 1 0 < x 1

iu kin : 5 12x 5 .
>0 < x < 2
12x 8 12 3

x = 1
1 5 12x 5 12x 5 12x
() log x .log2 12 8 = 1 log2 12 8 = log2 x 12 8 = x 2 5 .
2
x =
6
1
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = .
2
Bi 21. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip II nm 2006
2 2
Gii phng trnh : 42x 2.4 x +x
+ 42x = 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
2 2
() 42x 2x 2.4x x + 1 = 0 (chia hai v cho 42x > 0 )
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2 2 2
4x x 2.4x x + 1 = 0

t = 4 x x > 0
2
2
x = 0
t = 4 x x = 1 x2 x = 0 .
t2 2t + 1 = 0 x =1

Vy phng trnh c hai nghim : x = 0, x = 2 .
Bi 22. Cao ng Xy Dng s 2 nm 2006
2x + log y + 2x log y = 5

Gii h phng trnh : x 2 2
()
4 + log2 y = 5
2
Bi gii tham kho

iu kin : y > 0 .
t u = 2x , v = log2 y . Lc :

u + v + uv = 5 2 (u + v) + 2uv = 10 (+)
2
( ) u2 + v2 = 5
2
(u + v) 2uv = 5
(u + v) + 2 (u + v) 15 = 0

x
u + v = 5 VN u = 1 2 = 1 x = 2
uv = 10 ( o ) v = 2 log y = 2 y = 4

2
x .
u + v = 3 u = 2 2 = 2 x = 4

uv = 2 v = 1 log y = 1 y = 2
2
So vi iu kin, nghim ca h phng trnh l : S = (x; y) = {(2; 4), (4;2)} .
Bi 23. Cao ng Giao Thng Vn Ti III khi A nm 2006
1 89x 25
Gii phng trnh : 3 + = log x ()
log32 x 2 2x
Bi gii tham kho
0 < x 1

0 < x 1 0 < x 1 5 x 1

K : 89x 25 89x2 25
< x < 0
5 .
>0 >0 89 x ; +
2 2x 5

2x <x<+ 89

89
89x2 25 89x2 25
() 3 + logx 32 = logx 2x logx x + logx 32 = logx 2x
3
89x2 25 89x2 25
log x 32x 3 = logx 32x 3 = 64x 4 89x2 + 25 = 0
2x 2x
x2 = 1
x = 1
.
x2 = 25 x = 5
64 8

5
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l : x = .
8
Bi 24. Cao ng Kinh T i Ngoi khi A, D nm 2006
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2
1/ Gii phng trnh : 2 ln x + ln (2x 3) = 0 (1) .
4 x + 2x 2
2/ Gii bt phng trnh : > 0.
4 x 2x 2
Bi gii tham kho
2
1/ Gii phng trnh : 2 ln x + ln (2x 3) = 0 (1) .
x > 0
x > 0
iu kin : .
2x 3 0 x 3
2

2x 3 0
2
2x 3x 1 = 0
(1) 2 ln x + 2 ln 2x 3 = 0 x 2x 3 = 1 2x 3 < 0

2x 2 + 3x 1 = 0

x 3 3 x = 1
2 x <

2 1
x = 3 + 17 x = 1 x = .
4 2
1
3 17 x = x = 3 + 17
x = 2
4 4
1 3 + 17
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1 x = x = .
2 4
4 x + 2x 2
2/ Gii bt phng trnh : >0 () .
4 x 2x 2
Tp xc nh D = .
(2 x
)(
+ 2 2x 1 )>0 2 x
1
2 x < 1

x < 0 .
() >0 x
(2 x
+ 1)(2 x
2) 2 x
2 2 > 2
x > 1
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (; 0) (1; +) .
Bi 25. Cao ng S Phm Hng Yn khi A nm 2006

x +1 x
Gii phng trnh : ( 2 +1) (
3+2 2 ) = x 1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
x +1 2x
() ( 2 +1 ) ( 2 +1 ) = x 1
x +1 2x
( 2 +1 ) + x +1 = ( 2 +1 ) + 2x (1)
(1) c dng f (x + 1) = f (2x) (2)
t
Xt hm s f (t) = ( )
2 + 1 + t trn .
t
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Ta c f ' (t) = ( 2 + 1 . ln) ( )
2 + 1 + 1 > 0 Hm s f (t) ng bin trn (3) .
T (1), (2), (3) x + 1 = 2x x = 1 .

Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht l x = 1 .
Bi 26. Cao ng S Phm Hng Yn khi B nm 2006
1 1 1
+ log5 sin x + log15 cos x
Gii phng trnh : 5 2 + 5 2 = 15 2
()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : sin x > 0, cos x > 0 .
log5 sin x log15 cos x
() 5 + 5.5 = 15.15 5 + 5. sin x = 15.cos x
3 1 1
1 + sin x = 3 cos x cos x sin x = cos x + = cos
2 2 2 6 3

x= + k2 x = + k2, (k ) .
6 2

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = + k2, (k ) .
6
Bi 27. Cao ng S Phm Hng Yn khi D1, M nm 2006
Gii phng trnh : log9 x = log 3 ( 2x + 1 1 ) ()

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii phng trnh : log9 x = log 3 ( 2x + 1 1 ) ()

x > 0

iu kin : x > 0.
2x + 1 1 > 0

() log3 x = log 3 ( 2x + 1 1 ) x = 2x + 1 1 x = 2x + 2 2 2x + 1
x = 0
x + 2 = 2 2x + 1 x2 + 4x + 4 = 8x + 4 x2 4x = 0 .
x = 4
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 4 .
Bi 28. Cao ng Bn Cng Hoa Sen khi A nm 2006
2x y
2 2x y 2
3. + 7. 2 6 = 0

Gii h phng trnh : 3
3

lg (3x y) + lg (y + x) 4 lg 2 = 0

Bi gii tham kho

3x y > 0 x > 0 y
iu kin : y x > > 0.
y + x > 0 x > > 0 3
3

www.VNMATH.com
2 2x y 2 2x y
2 2 2x y

() 3. 3 + 7. 3 6 = 0 3t + 7t 6 = 0, t = 3 > 0

(
lg 3x y)(y + x) = log 16
(
3x y)(y + x) = 16
2x y
2 2x y
t = 2 2
= t = = 3 (L)
2x y = 2

3 3
3
2xy + 3x2 y2 = 16
2xy + 3x2 y2 = 16

x = 2
y = 2x 2 y = 2x 2 y = 2

2
.
2x (2x 2) + 3x2 (2x 2)2 = 16 3x + 4x 20 = 0
10

x =
3
( L)
Vy nghim ca h phng trnh l ( x; y) = (2;2) .
Bi 29. Cao ng Bn Cng Hoa Sen khi D nm 2006

Gii phng trnh : 9x + 6x = 22x +1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
3 x

t = > 0
3 2x 3 x 2 3 x
() 9 + 6 2.4 = 0 2 + 2
x x x
2 = 0 = 1 x = 0 .
t = 1 2

t = 2 (L)

Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x = 0 .
Bi 30. Cao ng S Phm TW nm 2006
Gii phng trnh : 4.4x 9.2x +1 + 8 = 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
t = 2x > 0 2 x = 4
x = 2
() 4.22x 18.2 + 8 = 0 2
x

x = 1 .
4t 18t + 8 = 0 2 x = 1

2
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim l x = 1 v x = 2 .
Bi 31. Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi A nm 2006
2
Gii bt phng trnh : 3x 4
( )
+ x 2 4 .3 x 2 1 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
2
Ta c : () 3x 4
( )
+ x 2 4 .3x 2 1 (1)
x2 4 +
3 1 x2 4

Nu x 2 2 3 + x2 4 .3x 2 1 ( )
(
x 4 .3x2 0
)
www.VNMATH.com
Do (1) lun ng vi x 2 hay x (; 2 2; +) l tp nghim ca bt

phng trnh.
x2 4
3 <1 x2 4

Nu x < 2 2 3 + x2 4 .3x 2 < 1 ( )
(
x 4 .3x2 < 0
)
Do (1) khng c tp nghim (v nghim) khi x < 2 .
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (; 2 2; +) .
Bi 32. Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi M nm 2006

Gii bt phng trnh : 3x +2 + 9x +1 4 > 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
x 3 x = t > 0 3x = t > 0
3 = t > 0
() 9.3 + 9.9 4 > 0 9t2 + 9t 4 > 0 1
x x
4 1
t > t < t >
3 3 3
1
3x > 3x > 31 x > 1 .
3
Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l x (1; +) .
Bi 33. D b Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi A nm 2006

3 x + 5 +1 3 x +5 + x
Gii phng trnh : 4 + 2.2 = 2.4 x ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
3 x + 5 +1 3 x +5 + x
4 2.2 3 x +5 x 3 x +5 x
() + 2 = 0 4.4 + 2.2 2 = 0
4x 22x
3 x +5 x 1
) + 2.23 x +5 x 2 = 0 2
3 x +5 x
( 2 3 x +5 x 2
= t>0 = t = = 21
4.2 2 2
4t + 2t 2 = 0 3 x +5 x

2 = t = 1 (L)
3 x + 5 x = 1 3 x + 5 = x 1 x + 5 = x 3 3x2 + 3x 1
x3 3x2 + 2x 6 = 0 x = 3 .
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim l x = 3 .
Bi 34. Cao ng K Thut Y T I nm 2006
(
Gii phng trnh : 1 + log2 9x 6 = log2 4.3x 6 ) ( ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
9x 6 > 0

iu kin : x .
4.3 6 > 0

() log2 2 + log2 (9x 6) = log2 (4.3x 6) log2 2.(9x 6) = log2 (4.3x 6)

www.VNMATH.com
3x = 1
2
( L) x = 1 .
x
2.9 12 = 4.3 6 2. 3x
( )
x x
4.3 6 = 0 x
3 = 3
1
Thay x = 1 vo iu kin v tha iu kin. Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1 .

Bi 35. Cao ng Ti Chnh Hi Quan khi A nm 2006
3x 5
Gii bt phng trnh : log3
x +1
<1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
3x 5 5
iu kin : > 0 x < 1 x > .
x +1 3
3x 5 3x 5 8
() x +1
<3
x +1
3< 0
x +1
< 0 x + 1 > 0 x > 1 .
5
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x ; + .
3
Bi 36. Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng nm 2006
( )
Gii phng trnh : log2 x2 3 log2 (6x 10) + 1 = 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
x2 3 > 0 5

iu kin : x> .
6x 10 > 0 3

(
2 x2 3 ) = log 1 2 (x 2
3 ) =1 x x = 1

() log2 6x 10 2
6x 10
3x + 2 = 0 2
x = 2 .

So vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht l x = 2 .
Bi 37. Cao ng Kinh T Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2006
2 + log22 x
Gii phng trnh : x =8 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 v x 1 .
1
() 2 + log22 x = logx 8 log22 x 3.logx 2 + 2 = 0 log22 x 3. log x
+2 = 0
2
log23 x + 2 log2 x 3 log2 x = 0 log2 x = 1 x = 2 .

Bi 38. Cao ng in Lc Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2006
3
Gii phng trnh :
4
logx 3 3 log27 x = 2 log3 x ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 0 < x 1 .
3 1 3 1 1
() 4 . log x
log3 x 2 log3 x = 0 .
4 log3 x
= 3.log3 x log23 x =
4
3
www.VNMATH.com
1 1 1
log3 x = log3 x = x = 3 x = .
2 2 3
1
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 3 x = .
3
Bi 39. Cao ng Kinh T Cng Ngh Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2006
x 2
log3
Gii bt phng trnh : 5 x <1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
x 2
iu kin : > 0 x < 0 x > 2.
x
x 2 x 2 2
() log3 x
<0
x
<1
x
< 0 x > 0.
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (2; +) .
Bi 40. Cao ng Kinh T Cng Ngh Tp. H Ch Minh khi D1 nm 2006

1
Gii phng trnh : log 1 (x 3) = 1 + log4 ()
x
4
Bi gii tham kho

x 3 > 0 x > 3

iu kin : 1 x > 3.
> 0 x > 0

x
1 x3 x3 1
() log4 (x 3) log4 x = 1 log4 x
= 1
x
= x = 4.
4
Bi 41. Cao ng Cng Nghip H Ni nm 2005
2
(log x) log x
Gii bt phng trnh : 5 5 + x 5 10 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 .
t log5 x = t x = 5t .
2 t 2 1
() 5t ( )
+ 5t 10 5t 5 t2 1 1 t 1 1 log5 x 1
5
x5
1
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x ; 5 .
5

Bi 42. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip I khi A nm 2005
Tm tp xc nh ca hm s : y = log
5 (x 2
)
5.x + 2 .
Bi gii tham kho

Hm s c xc nh khi v ch khi
x 2 5.x + 2 > 0, x
www.VNMATH.com
5 1 5 +1
x2 5.x + 2 1 x x .
5
2
(
log x 5.x + 2 0 ) 2 2
5 1 5 + 1

Vy tp xc nh ca hm s cho l D = ; ; + .
2 2

Bi 43. Cao ng S Phm C Mau khi B nm 2005
2
Gii phng trnh : x lg x = 102 lg x 3 lg x +2
()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0
2
() lg xlg x = lg102 lg x 3 lg x +2
lg2 x = 2 lg2 x 3 lg x + 2 lg2 x 3 lg x + 2 = 0
lg x = 1 x = 10
.
lg x = 2 x = 100
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 10 x = 100 .
Bi 44. Cao ng S Phm Vnh Phc khi B nm 2006
Gii phng trnh : log20,5 x + log2 x2 = log x 4x ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 0 < x 1 .
2
() log2 x + 2 log2 x = logx 4 + logx x
1
log22 x + 2 log2 x 1 = 0
log 4 x
2
log22 x + 2 log2 x 1 = 0
log2 x

log x = 1 x = 2
2
t = log x
t = log2 x 2 log x = 1 x = 1 .
3
2
t + 2t t 2 = 0 t = 1 t = 1 t = 2
2 2
log2 x = 2
x = 1

4
1 1
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = x = x = 2.
4 2
Bi 45. Cao ng S Phm Vnh Phc khi A nm 2006
3x 1 3
Gii bt phng trnh : log4 3x 1 .log 1( ) 16

4
()
4
Bi gii tham kho

iu kin : 3x 1 0 3 x 1 x > 0 .
3
() log4 (3x 1). log4 (3x 1) + log4 16 4 0
www.VNMATH.com
3
log24 (3 x
) ( )
1 + 2 log4 3x 1
4
0

t = log 3x 1
( log 3x 1 < 1
) ( )
t = log4 3 1

x
(

) 4

4
2

x < 1 .
4t2 8t + 3 0 t < 1 t > 3 x > 3
log 3x 1 > 3
2 2

4 (
2
)
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (0;1) (3; +) .
Bi 46. Cao ng S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2006

log x + 3 5 log y = 5

Gii h phng trnh : 2 3
()
3 log x 1 log y = 1
2 3
Bi gii tham kho

x > 0, y > 0 x > 0, y > 0 x > 0, y > 0
x 2
iu kin : 5 log3 y 0 log3 y 5 y 162 .

0 < y 162
log2 x 1 0 log2 x 1 x 2

a = 5 log y 0 a 2 = 5 log y

t : 3
2 3
.
b = log x 1 0 b = log x 1
2 2
b2 + 1 + 3a = 5 b2 + 3a = 4
( ) 3b + a2 5 = 1 a2 + 3b = 4 b2 + 3a = a2 + 3b b2 a2 + 3a 3b = 0

a = b
(b a )(b + a ) 3 (b a ) = 0 (b a )(b + a 3) = 0
a + b = 3

a = b a = b

2 a = 5 log y = 1
a + 3a 4 = 0 a = 1 a = 4 (L)
3
b = 3 a
b = 3 a b = log x 1 = 1
2
a 2 + 9 3a = 3 a 2 3a + 6 = 0 (VN)

5 log3 y = 1 log3 y = 4 y = 34 = 81
.
log2 x 1 = 1 log2 x = 2
x = 4

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca h l S = (x; y) = {(4; 81)} .
3x.2y = 1152

Gii h phng trnh : ()
log (x + y) = 2
5
Bi gii tham kho

iu kin : x + y > 0 .
3x.2y = 1152 3x.2y = 1152
y = 5 x

y = 5 x

() log x + y = 1 x + y = 5 3x.25x = 1152 25.6x = 1152
5 ( )
www.VNMATH.com
y = 5 x x = 2

x .
6 = 36 y = 3

So vi iu kin, nghim ca h l S = (x; y) = {(2; 3)} .
Bi 48. Cao ng Du Lch H Ni khi A nm 2006

Gii phng trnh : log3 8 x + x2 + 9 = 2
()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 8 x + x2 + 9 > 0 .
x + 1 0
x 2 + 9 = x + 1 2 x 1
() 8 x + x2 + 9 = 9 x + 9 = x2 + 2x + 1

x = 4

x = 4.
Thay nghim x = 4 vo iu kin v tha iu kin. Vy nghim phng trnh l x = 4 .
Bi 49. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Ngh An khi A nm 2006
( )
Gii phng trnh : log3 3x + 1 .log3 3x +1 + 3 = 2 ( )
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
() log3 3x + 1 .log3 3. 3x + 1 = 2 log3 3x + 1 . 1 + log3 3x + 1 = 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
log 3x + 1 = 1

t = log 3x + 1

3 (

t = log 3x + 1
) 3

(t = log 3x + 1

)
3

3 ( ) ( )
t. t + 1) = 2
(
t2 + t 2 = 0

t = 1 t = 2 x
log 3 3 + 1 = 2 ( )
3x + 1 = 3 3x = 2

x x = log 3 2 .
2 3x = 8 L
3 + 1 = 3
9
( )

Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x = log3 2 .
Bi 50. Cao ng S Phm Qung Ngi nm 2006

Gii phng trnh : 8x + 18x = 2.27 x ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
3 x 3 x
2x 3x 3 x
3 3 t = > 0 t = > 0
() 1 + 2 = 2.
2
2
3 2
2
3 2
t = = 1
2
2t t 1 = 0 2t t 1 = 0

x = 0.
Vy phng trnh c mt nghim l x = 0 .
Bi 51. Cao ng Cng ng H Ty nm 2005
Gii bt phng trnh : 32x + 4 + 45.6x 9.22x +2 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh D = .
www.VNMATH.com
2x x
3 3
() 81.9x + 45.6x 36.4x 0 81. 2 + 45. 36 0
2
3 x t > 0
3 x 4
t = > 0
4
2 0 < t 0 < <
2 1 t 4 9 2 9
81t + 45t 36 0 9

4
x log 3 x 2 .
2
9
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (; 2 .
Bi 52. Cao ng S Phm Lai Chu khi A nm 2005

3 2 3 3
Gii phng trnh : log 1 (x + 2) 3 = log 1 (4 x) + log 1 ( x + 6) ()
2 4 4 4
Bi gii tham kho

2
(x + 2) > 0
3 x 2
iu kin : (4 x ) > 0 .

6<x<4
x + 6 3
( )
1
() 3 log 1 x + 2 3.log 1
4
= 3 log 1 (4 x) + 3 log 1 (x + 6)
4 4 4 4
( )
log 1 4 x + 2 = log 1 (4 x)( x + 6)
4 4
4 x + 2 = (4 x)(x + 6) 4 x + 2 = x2 2x + 24
4x + 8 = x 2 2x + 24 x2 + 6x 16 = 0 x = 2 x = 8

x 2
x + 2 0 x 2

2 2 x = 1 33
4x + 8 = x + 2x 24 x 2x 32 = 0
x + 2 < 0 x < 2 x < 2

x = 2
.
x = 1 33
Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 2 x = 1 33 .

Bi 53. Cao ng S Phm Lai Chu khi B nm 2005
5
Gii bt phng trnh : log2 (x + 1) + log(x +1) 2 ()
2
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 0 < x + 1 1 1 < x 0 .
1 5
() log2 (x + 1) + 0 ( )
log2 (x + 1) 2
1 5
t t = log2 ( x + 1) . Khi : ( ) t + 0 2t2 5t + 2 0
t 2

www.VNMATH.com

t 1 log (x + 1) 1 x + 1 2

x 2 1

2 2
2 .
x + 1 4 x 3
2(

t2 log x + 1) 2

Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim phng trnh l : x 1; 2 1 (3; +) \ {0} . ( )

(
Gii bt phng trnh : log x 5x 2 8x + 3 > 2 ) ()
Bi gii tham kho

0 < x 1
0 < x 1 3
iu kin : 2 3 x 0; (1; +) .
5x 8x + 3 > 0 x < x > 1 5
5

x 0; 3
5
x 0; 3

5

1 3
x 1 ; 3
x ; 2 5
() 5x 8x + 3 < x 2 2
2 2
.
3
x (1; +)
x (1; +) x ; +

2
5x2 8x + 3 > x2 1 3
x ; ; +

2 2
1 3 3
Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l x ; ; + .
2 5 2
Bi 55. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi B nm 2001
(1x2 ) (
Gii bt phng trnh : log 1 x) 1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
1 x > 0

1 < x < 1
iu kin : 1 x 2 > 0 Tp xc nh : D = (1;1) \ {0} .
2
x 0
1 x 1

() log(1x ) (1 x) log(1x ) (1 x2 ) (1 x2 1)(1 x 1 + x2 ) 0
2 2
( )
x2 x 2 x 0 x2 x 0 0 x 1 .
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x (0;1) .
Bi 56. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2001

log2 2x log2 6 log2 4x2
Gii phng trnh : 4 x = 2.3 ()
Bi gii tham kho
x > 0
iu kin : x > 0 Tp xc nh : D = (0; +) .
x 0

() 41+log 2x 6
log2 x
2.3
2 log2 2x
= 0 4.4
log2 x
6
log2 x 1+ log2 x
2.9 =0
www.VNMATH.com
3 log2 x log2 x 2
3
= 0 4 18.
log2 x log2 x log2 x
4.4 6 18.9 =0
2 2

3 log2 x
18t2 + t 4 = 0 4
t = = ( N)
2 9 1
3 log2 x log x
log2 x = 2 x = .
t = >0 3 2 1 4

2
t = = ( L)

2 2
1
4
Bi 57. i hc Ngoi Thng Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2001
2 2
Gia v bin lun phng trnh : 5x +2mx +2
52x + 4mx + m +2
= x2 + 2mx + m ()
Bi gii tham kho
a = x2 + 2mx + 2

t : . Lc : () 5a 5a + b = b ( ) .
b = x2 + 2mx + m

b > 0 5a 5a + b < 0
Ta c : . Do : ( ) b = 0 x2 + 2mx + m = 0 .
b < 0 5a 5a + b > 0

Lp ' = m2 m .
Trng hp 1 : ' = m2 m < 0 0 < m < 1 : Phng trnh v nghim.
Trng hp 2 : ' = m2 m > 0 m < 0 m > 1 : Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn
bit : x1 = m m2 m, x2 = m + m2 m .
m = 0 : Phng trnh c 1 nghim .
Trng hp 3 : ' = m2 m = 0
m = 1 : Phng trnh c 1 nghim .
Bi 58. i hc Y Dc Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2001
( )
Cho phng trnh : 2 log4 2x 2 x + 2m 4m2 + log 1 x 2 + mx 2m2 = 0 ( ) () . Xc
2
nh tham s m phng trnh () c hai nghim x1, x2 tha : x12 + x 22 > 1 .

Bi gii tham kho
() log2 (2x2 x + 2m 4m2 ) = log2 (x2 + mx 2m2 )
x2 + mx 2m2 > 0 x2 + mx 2m2 > 0
2 .
2x x + 2m 4m2 = x2 + mx 2m2 x = 2m x = 1 m

() c hai nghim x1, x2 tha : x12 + x 22 > 1

x = 2m, x2 = 1 m m 0
12 4m2 > 0
1 < m < 0
x 1 + x22 > 1 1
2
2m 2
m + 1 > 0 1 < m < 2 .
x1 + mx1 2m2 > 0 2 <m<1
2 2
5m 2m > 0 2 5 2
x2 + mx 2 2m2 > 0 m < 0 m >
5
2 1
www.VNMATH.com
Vy m (1; 0) ; tha yu cu bi ton.
5 2
Bi 59. i hc Nng Lm Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2001
Tm m bt phng trnh: x x + x + 12 m. log2 2 + 4 x ( ) () c nghim.

Bi gii tham kho
x 0

iu kin : 4 x 0 0 x 4 Tp xc nh : D = 0; 4 .

x + 12 0

( )
Ta c : x 0; 4 th log2 2 + 4 x log2 2 = 1 > 0 .
x x + x + 12
Lc : () m.
(
log2 2 + 4 x )

f (x) = x x + x + 12 : t min l .

Mt khc : x 0; 4 th
2 ( )
g (x) = log 2 + 4 x : t max l .
f ( x) f (0)
Do : t min l = 3 (1) c nghim khi v ch khi m 3 .
g (x) g (0)
Bi 60. i hc Cn Th nm 2001
Xc nh ca mi gi tr ca tham s m h sau 2 nghim phn bit :

log 3 (x + 1) log 3 ( x 1) > log 3 4 (1)

( )
log x2 2x + 5 m log 2
2 x 2x + 5
2 = 5 (2)
Bi gii tham kho

x > 1 x > 1 x > 1

(1) 2 log (x + 1) 2 log (x 1) > 2 log 2 x + 1 x + 1

3 3 3 log3 > log3 2
x 1
>2
x 1
x > 1

3 x 1< x < 3.
>0
x 1
t y = x2 2x + 5 v xt hm y = x2 2x + 5 trn (1; 3) .
Ta c : y ' = 2x 2. Cho y ' = 0 x = 1 .
x 1 3 +
y' 0 +
8
y
4
Do : x (1; 3) y (4; 8) .
www.VNMATH.com
(
t t = log2 x2 2x + 5 . )
(
Ta c : y = x2 2x + 5 (4; 8) t = log2 x2 2x + 5 (2; 3) . )
m
(2) t t
= 5 f (t) = t2 5t = m (), t (2; 3) .
Xt hm s f (t) = t2 5t trn khong (2; 3) .
5
f ' (t) = 2t 5. Cho f ' (t) = 0 t = .
2
Bng bin thin
5 +
t 2 3
2
f ' (t) 0 +
6 6
f (t)
25

4
25
Da vo bng bin thin, h c hai nghim phn bit < m < 6 .
4
Bi 61. i hc Nng khi A, B t 1 nm 2001
log (6x + 4y) = 2

Gii h phng trnh : x
log y (6y + 4x) = 2
()

Bi gii tham kho
x > 0, x 1
iu kin : .
y > 0, y 1

6x + 4y = x2 1 (1)(2)
()
() 6y + 4x = y2 2 2 (x y) = (x y)(x + y) (x y)(x + y 2) = 0
()

x = y x = y
x = y = 0

x = y 2 x = y = 10
6x + 4y = x y = 0 y = 10
.
y = 2 x y = 2 x y = 2 x x = 2, y = 0

6x + 4y = x2 x = 4 x = 2 x = 4, y = 6

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca h l S = (x; y) = {(10;10)} .

Bi 62. i hc Nng khi A t 2 nm 2001
(
Tm m bt phng trnh c nghim ng x : logm x2 2x + m + 1 > 0 ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
() logm (x2 2x + m + 1) > logm 1
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0 < m < 1

0 < m < 1 0 < m < 1 a = 1 < 0 (Sai)
2 2
x 2x + m + 1 < 1 x 2x + m < 0 ' < 0
m > 1.
m > 1 m > 1 m > 1

x 2 2x + m + 1 > 1 x2 2x + m > 0 a = 1 > 0

' = 1 m < 0

Vy bt phng trnh c nghim ng x m > 1 .
Bi 63. i hc S Phm Vinh khi A, B nm 2001

Gii phng trnh : log 4 x x2 1 . log5 x + x2 1 = log20 x x2 1
()
Bi gii tham kho

x x2 1 > 0

iu kin : 2
x + x 1 > 0 x 1 .

x 2 1 0

() log4 20.log20 x
x2 1 .log5 x + x2 1 log20 x x2 1 = 0

log20 x x2 1 . log4 20.log5 x + x 2 1 1 = 0

2
log20 x x2 1 = 0 x x 1 = 1

1
log 20. log x + x2 1 1 = 0
2
log5 x + x + 1 = = log20 4
4 5 log 20
4

x 1 0 x 1
2 x = 1
x 1 = x 1 2

2
x 1 = x 2x + 1
x + x 2 + 1 = 5log20 4 x 5log20 4 = a
x2 + 1 = 5log20 4 x
x2 + 1 = a 2 2ax + x2

x = 1 x = 1 x = 1
1 .
2
2ax = a 1 x = 1 a2 1 ( x)= 25 (
log20 4
1 )
2a log 4
2.5 20
1
So vi iu kin, phng trnh c hai nghim l : x = 1 x =
2.5
log20 4 (25 log20 4
)
1 .
Bi 64. i hc Thy Li nm 2001

2 2
Gii phng trnh : 2x1 2x x
= (x 1) ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
2 2
() 2x1 2x x = x2 2x + 1 2x1 + (x 1) = 2x x + (x2 x) (1)
Nhn thy (1) c dng : f (x 1) = f x2 x ( ) (2)
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Xt hm s f ( t) = 2t + t trn :
f ' ( t) = 2t ln 2 + 1 > 0, t f (t) ng bin trn (3)

T (1), (2), (3) x 1 = x2 x x2 2x + 1 = 0 x = 1 .
Bi 65. i hc Ngoi Thng Tp. H Ch Minh khi D nm 2001
x 2 + x + 3
Gii phng trnh : log3 2 = x2 + 3x + 2 ()
2x + 4x + 5
Bi gii tham kho
x2 + x + 3
iu kin : > 0, x Tp xc nh : D = .
2x2 + 4x + 5
( ) ( ) ( )
x2 + x + 3 + log3 x2 + x + 3 = 2x2 + 4x + 5 + log3 2x2 + 4x + 5 ( ) (1)
( ) (
Phng trnh (1) c dng : f x2 + x + 3 = f 2x2 + 4x + 2 ) (2)
Xt hm s : f (t) = t + log3 t trn khong (0;+) .
1
Ta c : f ' ( t) = 1 + > 0, t > 0 f ( t) : ng bin trn khong (0; +) (3)
t ln 3
x = 1
T (1), (2), (3) x2 + x + 3 = 2x2 + 4x + 2 x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 .
x = 2
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim l x = 2 x = 1 .
Bi 66. i hc Nng Nghip I khi B nm 2001
Gii phng trnh : log
x2
(2 + x) + log x +2
x=2 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 0 < x 1 .
() 21 logx (2 + x) + log x +2
x = 2 log x x + 2 +
1
2 = 0
log x x + 2
t = log x + 2 x 0
x
2 t = log x x + 2 = 1 x + 2 = x
t 2t + 1 = 0 x + 2 = x 2

x 0
x 0
2 x = 2.
x x 2 = 0 x = 1 x = 2

So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 2 .
Bi 67. i hc Lut H Ni i hc Dc H Ni nm 2001
Gii phng trnh : (x + 1) log21 x + (2x + 5). log 1 x + 6 0 ()

2 2
Bi gii tham kho

iu kin : x > 0 Tp xc nh D = (0; +) .
() (x + 1) log22 x (2x + 5) log2 x + 6 0 (1) .

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t t = log2 x . Lc : (1) (x + 1) .t2 (2x + 5) .t + 6 0 (2)
2 2
Lp = (2x + 5) 24 (x + 1) = 4x2 4x + 1 = (2x 1) .
2x + 5 + 2x 1 2x + 5 2x + 1 3
t1 = = 2 t2 = = .
2 (x + 1) 2 (x + 1) x +1
3 2x 1
Xt t1 t2 = 2 =
x +1 x +1
1
x 1 0 +
2
t1 t2 + 0 0 +
1
Nu 0 < x t1 t2 < 0 t1 < t2, lc tp nghim ca (2) l :
2
(a )
t = log x t log2 x 2
2 1
t = log x t 3
2 2 log2 x x + 1 (b)

1 1
Do , khi 0 < x th (a ) tha , (b) khng tha nn tp nghim (2) l 0; (3)
2 2
1
Nu x > t1 t2 > 0 t2 < t1, lc tp nghim ca (2) l
2

t = log x t
2 1
log2 x 2 x 4
t = log x t log x 3 1
2 2 2 x +1 2 < x 2
1 1
Do , khi x > th tp nghim ca (2) l ;2 4; +) (4 )
2 2
T (3), (4) Tp nghim ca phng trnh l : x (0;2 4; +) .
Bi 68. i hc Nng Nghip I khi A nm 2001

1
Gii v bin lun bt phng trnh : loga log 2 x + log 2 loga x
a a 2
loga 2 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 .
C s a phi tha mn iu kin : 0 < a 1 .
1 1 1
() loga 2 . loga x + 2 loga loga x 2 loga 2

1 1 1
loga + loga loga x + loga loga x loga 2
2 2 2
1 3 1
loga + loga loga x loga 2
2 2 2
3 3
loga loga x loga 2
2 2
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loga loga x loga 2 ( )
Nu 0 < a < 1 : ( ) 0 < loga x 2 a 2 x < 1 .
Nu a > 1 : ( ) loga x 2 x a 2 .
Bi 69. Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng nm 2001

Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s a sao cho bt phng trnh sau c nghim ng x 0 :
x x
(
a.2x +1 + (2a + 1) . 3 5 ) + (3 + 5 ) <0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
x x
() (2a + 1).(3 5 ) + (3 + 5 ) + 2a.2x < 0
3 5 x 3 + 5 x
+ + 2a < 0
(2a + 1) . (1)
2 2
3 5
3 + 5 3 5 x 3 + 5 x

= 1 = 1 . Do , khi t
x
Nhn xt : = 1
2 2
2 2
x x 1
3 + 5 3 5
t= = . Do x 0 0 < t 1 .
2 2 t
1
(1) (2a + 1). t + t + 2a < 0, t (0;1
t2 + 2at + 2a + 1 < 0, t (0;1
2a (t + 1) < t2 1, t (0;1
t2 1
2a < = f (t), t (0;1 (2)
t+1
t2 1
Xt hm s f (t) = trn na khong on (0;1 .
t+1
t2 2t + 1
Ta c : f ' ( t) = . Cho f ' (t) = 0 t = 2 1 t = 2 1 .
2
(t + 1)
Bng xt du
t 2 1 0 2 1 1 +
f ' ( t) 0 + 0
22 2
f (t)
1 1
1
Da vo bng bin thin v (2) 2a 1 a tha yu cu bi ton.
2
Bi 70. i hc Kinh T Quc Dn nm 2001
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( ) (
Gii phng trnh : log(3x +7) 9 + 12x + 4x2 + log2x + 3 6x2 + 23x + 21 = 4 ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
7
1 3x + 7 > 0 2 x >
3
1 2x + 3 > 0 3 3
iu kin : 2 1 x > 1 x > .
9 + 12x + 4x > 0 2 2
2 (2x + 3) > 0
6x + 23x + 21 > 0
(2x + 3)(3x + 7) > 0

2
() log(3x +7) (2x + 3) + log 2x + 3 (2x + 3)(3x + 7) = 4
( )
2 log(3x + 7) (2x + 3) + log(2x + 3) (2x + 3) + log(2x + 3) (3x + 7) = 4
t = log t = log
(3x +7) (2x + 3)

t = log(3x + 7) (2x + 3)
(3x +7) (2x + 3) = 1
2
1 1
2t + 3 = 0 2t 3t + 1 = 0
t = log(3x +7) (2x + 3) =
t 2

x = 4 ( L ) x 3
2x + 3 = 3x + 7

2x + 3 0 2 1
x = 2 x = .
2x + 3 = 3x + 7 4
9 + 12x + 4x2 = 3x + 7 1
x = 4

1
4
Bi 71. i hc Thy Sn nm 1999
(
Gii bt phng trnh : log2 7.10x 5.25x > 2x + 1 ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
10 x 5 5
iu kin : 7.10 5.25 > 0 7.10 > 5.25 > x < log 10 .
x x x x
25 7 7
25
x x 2
5 5
() 7.10x 5.25x > 22x +1 7.10x 5.25x 2.4x > 0 7. 2 5. 2 2 > 0

5 x
5 x

t = > 0 t = > 0 2 5 x
2 < < 1 1 < x < 0 .
2

2 5 2
5t2 + 7t 2 > 0 < t < 1
5
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x (1; 0) .
Bi 72. i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi B nm 1999

x 2 + 8x 1

Gii bt phng trnh : log2
x + 1
2 ()
Bi gii tham kho
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x2 + 8x 1 4 17 < 1 4 17 < 1

>0 x > 4 + 17 x > 4 + 17 4 17 < x 5
x + 1
( ) x2 + 8x 1

4 + 17 < x 1
.
x 5
x + 4x 5 0
2
4
x + 1 x + 1 1 x 1

( (
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x 4 17; 5 4 + 17;1 .
)
Bi 73. i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi D nm 1999
(
Gii bt phng trnh : log 1 x2 3x + 2 1 ) ()
2
Bi gii tham kho

() log2 (x2 3x + 2) 1 log2 (x2 3x + 2) 1
2 x < 1 x > 2 0 x < 1
x 3x + 2 > 0
2 .
x 3x + 2 2 0 x 3 2 < x 3
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x 0;1) (2; 3 .

Bi 74. i hc Hu khi D h cha phn ban nm 1999
Gii phng trnh : log4 (x + 2) .log x 2 = 1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 0 < x 1 .
1 1
() 2 log2 (x + 2). log x
= 1 log2 (x + 2) = 2 log2 x log2 (x + 2) = log2 x2
2
x = 1
x + 2 = x2 .
x = 2
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh cn tm l x = 2 .
Bi 75. i hc Hu khi D H chuyn ban nm 1999
Gii phng trnh : x2 log x 27.log9 x = x + 4 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 0 < x 1 .

3 x = 4
() x . log9 x. logx 27 = x + 4 x log9 27 = x + 4 x . 2 = x + 4
2 2 2
3.
x = 2
x + y
y x
1/ Gii h phng trnh : 4 = 32 ()

log3 (x y) = 1 log3 ( x + y)
2/ Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m bt phng trnh sau c nghim ng x > 0 :
(3m + 1).12x + (2 m) 6x + 3x < 0 ( )
Bi gii tham kho
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+x y
y x
1/ Gii h phng trnh : 4 = 32 ()

log3 (x y) = 1 log3 ( x + y)
iu kin : x > y .

t = x
y
x + y 5 x y 5
+ = 1 5
() 4 = 4 2
y x
y x 2 t + =
t 2
log3 (x y) + log3 (x + y) = log3 3 (x y)(x + y) = 3 x2 y2 3 = 0

t = x x 1 y = 2x
y =
y 2 y = 2x 2 2
1 x y 3 = 0
t = t = 2 x x = 2y
2 = 2 x = 2y
y 2
x2 y2 3 = 0 x y2 3 = 0

2 2
x y 3 = 0 x y 3 = 0
2 2
y = 2x x = 2y y = 1, x = 2
VN
( ) y2 = 1 y = 1, x = 2 .

3x2 = 3

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim h phng trnh l S = (x; y) = {(2;1)} .
2/ Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m bt phng trnh sau c nghim ng x > 0 :
(3m + 1).12x + (2 m) 6x + 3x < 0 ( )
( ) (3m + 1).4x + (2 m) 2x + 1 < 0 (1)
t t = 2x. Do x > 0 t > 1 . Lc : (1) (3m + 1) .t2 + (2 m) .t + 1 < 0, t > 1
t2 2t 1
( )
3t2 t m < t2 2t 1, t (1; +) m <
3t2 t
= f (t), t (1; +) .
t2 2t 1
Xt hm s : f (t) = trn khong (1;+) .
3t2 t
7t2 + 6t 1
Ta c : f ' (t) = 2
> 0, t (1; +) .
(3t2
t )
Bng bin thin
t 1 +
f ' ( t) +
1

3
f (t)
Da vo bng bin thin, ta c: m < 2 tha yu cu bi ton.

Bi 77. i hc Y Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1999
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Gii phng trnh : sin1999 x + cos1999 x = 1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
() 1 sin1999 x cos1999 x = 0 sin2 x + cos2 x sin2 x sin1997 x cos2 x cos1997 x = 0
( )
sin2 x 1 sin1997 x + cos2 x 1 cos1997 x = 0 ( ) (1)
sin2 x 1 sin1997 x 0

Ta c : 2
( ) (2)
(
cos x 1 cos1997 x 0
)
sin2 x 1 sin1997 x = 0 x = k2
T (1), (2)

2
(
)
sin x = 0 cos x = 0

.
x = + k2

(
cos x 1 cos
1997
x =0 )
cos x = 1 sin x = 1
2
(
loga 35 x 3 ) > 3,
1/ Gii bt phng trnh : (a > 0, a 1) .
loga (5 x)
2/ Xc nh m bt phng trnh : 4 x m.2x + m + 3 0 c nghim.

Bi gii tham kho
(
loga 35 x 3 )>3
1/ Gii bt phng trnh : (), (a > 0, a 1) .
loga (5 x)
x < 3 35
35 x > 0
3

iu kin :
5 x > 0

x < 5
x < 3 35 Tp xc nh : D = ; ( 3
)
35 .

() log5x (35 x3 ) > 3 log5x (35 x 3 ) > log5x (5 x) (1)
Do x < 3 35 < 4 x > 4 5 x > 5 4 a = 5 x > 1 nn :
3
(1) 35 x3 > (5 x) x2 5x + 6 < 0 2 < x < 3 .
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh : x (2; 3) .
2/ Xc nh m bt phng trnh : 4x m.2x + m + 3 0 ( ) c nghim.

t t = 2x > 0 . Lc : ( ) t2 mt + m + 3 0, t (0; +)
t2 + 3
t2 + 3 m ( t 1), t (0; +) m = f (t), t (0; +) \ {1} .
t 1
t2 + 3
Xt hm s f (t) = trn (0; +) \ {1}
t 1
t2 2t 3
Ta c : f ' ( t) =
2
, t (0; +) \ {1} . Cho f ' ( t) = 0 t = 1 t = 3 .
(t 1)
Bng bin thin
t 1 0 1 3 +
f ' ( t) + 0 0 +
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3 + +
f (t)
6
Da vo bng bin thin, bt phng trnh c nghim : m < 3 m 6 .

Bi 79. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1998
9x2 4y2 = 5

Cho h phng trnh :
log (3x + 2y) log (3x 2y) = 1
()
m 3
1/ Gii h () khi m = 5 .
2/ Tm gi tr ln nht ca tham s m sao cho h () c nghim ( x; y) tha 3x + 2y 5 .

Bi gii tham kho
9x2 4y2 = 5

1/ Khi m = 5 th () (1)
log (3x + 2y) log (3x 2y) = 1
5 3

3x + 2y > 0
x > 0, y > 0
iu kin: .
3x 2y > 0 x > 2 y
3
9x2 4y2 = 5
( ) log 3x + 2y log 3x 2y = 1 (1)

5 ( ) 3( )

(3x 2y)(3x + 2y) = 5
(1) log5 (3x 2y)
log5 (3x + 2y) =1
log5 3

(3x 2y)(3x + 2y) = 5

log5 3. log5 (3x + 2y) log5 (3x 2y) = log5 3

5
3x + 2y =
3x 2y

5
log5 3. log5 log5 (3x 2y) = log5 3
3x 2y
(3x 2y)(3x + 2y) = 5

log 3. log 5 log5 (3x 2y) log5 (3x 2y) = log5 3
5 5

(3x 2y)(3x + 2y) = 5

log5 3 log5 3. log5 (3x 2y) log5 (3x 2y) = log5 3

(3x 2y)(3x + 2y) = 5

(log5 3 1) log5 (3x 2y) = 0

(3x 2y)(3x + 2y) = 5
(3x 2y)(3x + 2y) = 5 3x + 2y = 5 x = 1
.
log5 (3x 2y) = 0 3x 2y = 1 3x 2y = 1 y = 1

So vi iu kin, nghim ca h phng trnh l S = (x; y) = {(1;1)} .
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2
9x 4y2 = 5
2/ Tm gi tr ln nht ca tham s m sao cho h :
(2)
log (3x + 2y) log (3x 2y) = 1 (3)
m 3
c nghim ( x; y) tha 3x + 2y 5 .
(3x + 2y)(3x 2y) = 5
Ta c: 3x 2y 1 .
3x + 2y 5

5
t t = 3x 2y 3x + 2y = .
t
5 5 1 + log3 t
(3) logm t log3 t = 1 logm 3. log3 t = 1 + log3 t logm 3 = 5

log3
t
1 + log 3 t
log m 3 = (4 ) . t z = log3 t, (z 0 do t = 3x 2y 1) .
log3 5 log 3 t
z +1
Lc : (4) log m 3 = = f (z), z 0 v z log3 5 .
z + log 3 5
z +1
Xt hm s : f (z) = trn 0; +) \ {log3 5} .
z + log 3 5
log3 5 + 1
Ta c : f ' (z) = > 0, z 0; +) \ {log3 5} .
2
(z + log3 5)
Bng bin thin
z 0 log3 5 +
f ' ( z) 0 + +
+ 1
f (z)
log5 3
Da vo bng bin thin, phng trnh c nghim tha 3x + 2y 5 th

1
1

log 3 1
m
log m log m 1
3
m 1
3
log 3 log 3 1 1

log3 m log 3 5

3.
m 5
m 5
log m log 3
3 5
Vy gi tr ln nht ca m l m = 5 .
Bi 80. i hc Kinh T Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 1998
1 1
Gii bt phng trnh : >
log 1 (x + 1)
()
log 1 2x2 3x + 1
3 3
Bi gii tham kho

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2x 2 3x + 1 > 0 x < 1 x > 1
2

2x 2 3x + 1 1 1 < x < 1 , x 0
3 2
iu kin : x 0, x .
x + 1 > 0 2 x > 1, x 3
x > 1
x + 1 1 2
x0

1 1 1 1
() > < (1)
log3 2x2 3x + 1 log3 (x + 1) log3 2x2 3x + 1 log3 ( x + 1)
Da vo iu kin, ta c bng xt du
x 1 3
1 0 1
2 2
log3 (x + 1) 0 + + +
log 3 2x 2 3x + 1 + 0 0 +
Da vo bng xt du, ta thy:

Nu 1 < x < 0 : VT > VP Bt phng trnh v nghim.
1
Nu 0 < x < : VT < VP Bt phng trnh c tha.
2
3
Nu 1 < x < : VT < VP Bt phng trnh c tha.
2
3
Nu x > th
2
1
(1) log3 2x2 3x + 1 > log3 (x + 1)
2
( )
log3 2x2 3x + 1 > log3 (x + 1)
2 2
( )
log3 2x2 3x + 1 > log3 (x + 1) 2x 2 3x + 1 > (x + 1) x > 5 .
1 3
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x 0; 1; (5; +) .
2 2
Bi 81. i hc Kin Trc H Ni nm 1998
1 1
Gii bt phng trnh :
log 1 (2x 1)
+
2
>0 (1)
log2 x 3x + 2
2
Bi gii tham kho

2x 1 > 0 x > 1
2
2x 1 1 x 0 1 3 5
iu kin : 2
x ;1 (2; +) \ .
x 3x + 2 > 0 x < 1 x > 2 2 2

x2 3x + 2 1 3 5
x
2
1 1 log2 (2x 1) log2 x 2 3x + 2

(1) >0 >0
log2 x2 3x + 2 log2 (2x 1) log2 (2x 1) .log2 x 2 3x + 2
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2x 1
log2
x2 3x + 2
f (x) = >0 (2) .
log2 (2x 1) .log2 x2 3x + 2
Xt du ca : log2 (2x 1)
1
log2 (2x 1) < 0 0 < 2x 1 < 1 < x < 1.
2
log2 (2x 1) > 0 2x 1 > 1 x > 1 .
Xt du ca : log2 x2 3x + 2
3 5 3+ 5
log2 x2 3x + 2 < 0 x2 3x + 2 < 1 <x< .
2 2
3 5 3+ 5
log2 x2 3x + 2 > 0 x2 3x + 2 > 1 x < x> .
2 2
2x 1
Xt du ca : log2
x2 3x + 2
2x 1 2x 1 1 1 + 13
log2 <00< <1 <x< .
x2 3x + 2 x2 3x + 2 2 6
2x 1 2x 1 1 + 13
log2 >0 >1 x> .
x2 3x + 2 x 2 3x + 2 6
Bng xt du ca f (x) :
x 1 1 + 13 3+ 5
1 2 +
2 6 2
log2 (2x 1) + +
log2 x2 3x + 2 +
2x 1
log2 + + +
x2 3x + 2
f (x) + +
1 + 13 3 + 5

Do , tp nghim ca (2) l x ;1 ; + .
6 2
Bi 82. i hc Ngoi Thng khi D nm 1998

Gii phng trnh : log2 x + log3 x < 1 + log2 x. log3 x ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 Tp xc nh : D = (0; +) .
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t = log x
log2 x log2 x 2

() log2 x + log 3 1 log2 x. log 3 < 0 t + t 1 t2 < 0
2 2 log2 3 log2 3

t = log x
t = log x 2 log x < 1 x < 2
2
2
2 t < 1 .
t (1 + log2 3) t + log2 3 > 0 log2 x > log2 3 x>3
t > log2 3

Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (0;2) (3; +) .
Bi 83. i hc Dn Lp Ngoi Ng Tin Hc nm 1998
Gii bt phng trnh : 25 x

+5<5 x +1
+5 x
()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x 0 Tp xc nh : D = 0; +) .

t = 5 > 0
2 x x
t = 5 > 0
( )
() 5 6.5 + 5 < 0 2
x x
t 6t + 5 < 0

1 < t < 5

x
1< t<5 1<5 < 5 0 < x < 1 0 < x <1.
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (0;1) .
Bi 84. Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng ( s 2) nm 1998

1/ Hi vi gi tr nguyn no ca a th bt phng trnh : 2 log 1 a 3 + 2x log 1 a x2 < 0
2 2
c tha mn vi mi gi tr x .
x x
(
2/ Gii phng trnh : 2 3 ) + (2 + 3 ) = 4x .
Bi gii tham kho

1/ Hi vi gi tr nguyn no ca a th bt phng trnh : 2 log 1 a 3 + 2x log 1 a x2 < 0
2 2
c tha mn vi mi gi tr x .
iu kin : a > 0 .
t t = 2 log 1 a . Khi :
2
t 3 + xt x2 < 0
(1) t = 2 log a
, x
2
x2 t.x + 3 t > 0
, x
t = 2 log2 a

a = 1 > 0
6 < t < 2
= t2 + 4t 12 < 0 6 < 2 log2 a < 2
t = 2 log2 a
t = 2 log2 a

1
1 < log2 a < 3 < a < 8 (tha iu kin a > 0 ).
2
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Tha yu cu bi ton th a {1;2; 3; 4;5;6;7} .
x x
(
2/ Gii phng trnh : 2 3 ) ( + 2+ 3 ) = 4x (2)
2 3 x 2 + 3 x
(2) 4 + 4 = 1 (3)

Nhn thy x = 1 l mt nghim phng trnh (3) .
2 3 x 2 + 3 x
+ trn .
Xt hm s y =
4 4

2 3 x 2 3 2 + 3 x 2+ 3

Ta c : y ' = .ln + .ln < 0, x V tri l hm
4 4 4 4
s gim.
Cn v phi y = 1 l hm hng. Do , phng trnh (3) c nghim duy nht v nghim
l x = 1 .
Bi 85. i hc K Thut Cng Ngh nm 1998
1/ Gii bt phng trnh : 2x + 23x 9 (1)
2/ Gii phng trnh : 4 log9 x + log x 3 = 3 (2)
Bi gii tham kho
1/ Gii bt phng trnh : 2 + 23x 9
x
(1)
t = 2x > 0
t = 2 > 0
x
8
(1) 2 + x 9 0 t2 9t + 8 0 1 t 8 1 2x 8 0 x 3 .
x
2
2/ Gii phng trnh : 4 log9 x + log x 3 = 3 (2)
iu kin : 0 < x 1 Tp xc nh : D = (0; +) \ {1} .
t = log x t = log x = 1 x = 3
1 3
(2) 2 log3 x + log x 3 = 0 2t2 3t3 + 1 = 0
t = log x = 1

x = 3
.

3 3
2
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 3 x = 3 .
Bi 86. i hc Hng Hi nm 1998
Gii phng trnh : 4 x 2

+ 16 = 10.2 x 2
()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x 2 0 x 2 Tp xc nh : D = 2; +) .
t = 2 x2 > 0 t = 2 x 2 > 0 x2 x = 11
2 =8 x 2 = 3
() 2

x 2
x = 3 .
t 10t + 16 = 0 t = 8 t = 2 2 = 2 x 2 = 1

So vi tp xc nh, phng trnh c hai nghim : x = 3 x = 11 .
Bi 87. i hc Dn Lp Vn Lang nm 1998
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Cho bt phng trnh : 9x 5m.6x + 3m.4 x > 0 ()
1/ Gii bt phng trnh () khi m = 2 .
2/ Vi gi tr no ca tham s m th bt phng trnh () nghim ng vi mi gi tr ca x.

Bi gii tham kho
1/ Vi m = 2 th
3 x
x 2 x
3 3 t= >0
() 9x 10.6x + 6.4x > 0 2 10. 2 + 6 > 0 2
2
t 10t + 6 > 0

x
3
t > 0

< 5 19
2
(
x < log 3 5 19 )
x 2 .
t < 5 19 t > 5 + 19

3
(
x > log 5 + 19
3 )
2 > 5 + 19
2

2/ Tm m : 9x 5m.6x + 3m.4x > 0 () nghim ng vi mi gi tr ca x.
3 2
t t = > 0 . Lc : () t2 5m.t + 3m > 0, t > 0
2
t2 > m (5t 3), t > 0
t2 3 3
m< = f (t), t 0; ; + .
5t 3 5 5
t2 3 3
Xt hm s f (t) = trn 0; ; + .
5t 3 5 5
5t2 6t 6
Ta c : f ' ( t) = . Cho f ' (t) = 0 t = 0 t = .
2 5
(5t 3)
Bng bin thin
3 6
t 0 +
5 5
f ' (t) + 0 0 +
0 + +
f (t)
12

25
12
Da vo bng bin thin, gi tr m cn tm l : 0 < m < .
25
Bi 88. i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti nm 1998 Cao ng S Phm Nha Trang nm 2002
x3 x +1
Gii bt phng trnh : ( 10 + 3 ) x 1

< ( )
10 3 x +3
()
Bi gii tham kho
x 1 0 x 1
www.VNMATH.com
iu kin : .
x + 3 0 x 3

1 1
Ta c : ( 10 + 3 )( )
10 3 = 1 ( 10 3 = ) = ( 10 + 3 ) .
( 10 + 3 )
x 3 x +1

() ( 10 + 3 ) x 1
< ( 10 + 3 ) x +3
3 < x < 5
x3 x +1 x 3 x +1 2x 2 10
< + <0 <0 .
x 1 x+3 x 1 x + 3 (x 1)(x + 3) 1 < x < 5

So vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x 3; 5 1; 5 . ( ) ( )
Bi 89. i hc M a Cht nm 1998
Tm gi tr ca tham s m bt phng trnh : 9x 2 (m + 1) .3x 2m 3 > 0 () lun c
nghim ng vi mi x.
Bi gii tham kho
2 2
() (3x ) 2 (m + 1) .3x 2 (m + 1) 1 > 0 3x
( ) 1 2 (m + 1) 3x + 1 > 0
( )
( )( ) (
3x 1 3x + 1 2 (m + 1) 3x + 1 > 0 3x + 1 3x 2m 3 > 0) ( )( )
3x 2m 3 > 0 3x > 2m 3 ( )
3
() ng x th ( ) cng ng x 2m 3 < 0 do 3x > 0 m ( ) 2
.
3
V y m tha yu cu bi ton.
2
Bi 90. i hc Dn Lp Ngoi Ng Tin Hc nm 1997
Bit rng x = 1 l 1 nghim ca bt phng trnh : logm 2x2 + x + 3 logm 3x2 x ( ) ( ) () .

Hy gii bt phng trnh ny.
Bi gii tham kho
2x2 + x + 3 > 0, x x < 0
1
iu kin : 2 1 x (; 0) ; + .
3x x > 0 x > 3
3
(
V x = 1 l mt nghim ca bt phng trnh logm 2x2 + x + 3 logm 3x2 x nn ta ) ( )
c : logm 6 logm 2 0 < m < 1 .
Do 0 < m < 1 nn : () 2x2 + x + 3 3x2 x x2 2x 3 0 1 x 3 .

1
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim bt phng trnh l x (1; 0) ; 3 .
3
Bi 91. i hc An Ninh i hc Cnh St khi A nm 1997

1 1
Tm min xc nh ca hm s : y = log2 .
1 x 1 + x
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Bi gii tham kho
1 x 0 x 1

Hm s xc nh khi v ch khi : 1
2x
1
1 1 0
1 x
2
1 x 1 + x
x 1
2 x 1
x + 2x 1 .
0 1 + 2 x 1 1 2 x 1
1 x2
Vy min xc nh ca hm s l D = 1 2; 1 1 + 2; 1 .
) )
Bi 92. i hc Thy Sn nm 1997
Gii phng trnh : 22x +2 + 3.2x 1 = 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .

t = 2x > 0

2 t = 2 x > 0
3 + 17
() 4.(2x ) + 3.2x 1 = 0 2
4.t + 3t 1 = 0
t =
4

t = 3 17 (L)
4
17 3 17 3
2x =
4
x = log2
4
= log2 ( 17 3 2 )
Vy nghim phng trnh l x = log2 ( )
17 3 2 .
Bi 93. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi D nm 1997
(
Cho bt phng trnh : 1 + log5 x2 + 1 log5 mx2 + 4x + m ) ( ) () . Hy tm tt c cc gi
tr ca tham s m bt phng trnh c nghim ng vi mi x.
Bi gii tham kho

()
log ( ( 2
2
5 x2 + 1 log mx2 + 4x + m 5 x + 1 mx + 4x + m
) )
2
( )
5 5 mx + 4x + m > 0

2
f x = 5x 4x + 5 m 1
2
5x 4x + 5 m x + 1
2
(
()) ()
x2 + 1
4x .

( 2
)
m x + 1 > 4x g (x) = <m ()
2

x2 + 1 ( )
5x2 4x + 5
Xt hm s f (x) = trn .
x2 + 1
4x 2 4
Ta c : f ' (x ) = 2
. Cho f ' ( x) = 0 x = 1 x = 1 .
(x 2
)
+1
Bng bin thin
x 1 1 +
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f ' ( x) + 0 0 +
14
f (x)
Da vo bng bin thin v (1) ta c : m min f (x) = 3 (3)

4x
Xt hm s g (x) = trn .
( x2 + 1 )
4x2 4
Ta c: g ' (x) = 2
. Cho g ' (x) = 0 x = 1 x = 1 .
(x 2
+1 )
Bng bin thin
x 1 1 +
g ' (x) + 0 0 +
2
g (x )
Da vo bng bin thin v (2) ta c : m > max g (x) = 2 ( 4) .

T (3), (4) ta c: m (2; 3 tha yu cu bi ton.
Bi 94. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh i hc Kinh T khi A nm 1997

log
Gii h phng trnh :
( ) (
1+ x 1 2y + y + log1y 1 + 2x + x = 4 (1)
2 2
)
log (1 + 2y) + log (1 + 2x) = 2 (2)
1+ x 1 y
Bi gii tham kho

2
1 y 0
1 2y + y > 0
2
(1 y) > 0

1 + 2x + x > 02
2
1 + x 0 x > 1
iu kin : (1 + x ) > 0 .
0 < 1 + x 1 1 < x 0 1 < x 0 0 y < 1

0 < 1 y 1 0 y < 1 0 y < 1

2 2
(1) log1+x (1 y) + log1y (1 + x) = 4 log1+x (1 y) + log1y (1 + x) = 2
t = log (1 y) t = log (1 y)
1+ x
1+ x t = log1+ x (1 y)
1 1 2
t + = 2 t + = 2 t 2t + 1 = 0
t t
t = log1+ x (1 y) = 1 1 y = 1 + x y = x (3)
Thay (3) vo (2) ta c : log1+ x (1 2x) + log1+ x (1 + 2x) = 2
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x = 0 = y
2
log1+ x (1 2x)(1 + 2x) = 2 1 4x = (1 + x) 2 2
5x + 2x = 0 .
x = 5
2
5 5
So vi iu, nghim ca h l S = (x; y) = ; .
2 2

Gii phng trnh : 2x +1 4x = x 1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .

t = 1 + 2 x
t 2 = t > 0 . Lc : () t 2t x + 1 = 0
x 2
.
t = 1 2 x

Trng hp 1 : t = 1 + 2 x 2x = 1 + 2 x (1)
f x = 2x : L hm tng.
( )

Ta c g ( x) = 1 2 x : L hm gim (1) : c mt nghim duy nht l x = 1 .

f (1) = g (1)

Trng hp 2 : t = 1 2 x 2x = 1 2 x (2)
2 x 0

iu kin : 1< x 2.
1 1 x > 0

f (x) = 2 > h (1) = 2
x
Ta c : x (1;2 :
h x = 1 2 x < h 2 = 1 ( )
2 : V nghim.
( ) ()
Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 1 .
Bi 96. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh i hc Lut Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1996
tan x tan x
(
Cho phng trnh : 3 + 2 2 ) (
+ 32 2 ) =m ()
1/ Gii phng trnh khi m = 6 .

2/ Xc nh m phng trnh () c ng hai nghim trong khong ; .
2 2
Bi gii tham kho
tan x
tan x tan x (
t = 3 + 2 2
) >0
(
1/ Khi m = 6 th () 3 + 2 2 ) (
+ 32 2 ) = 6
1
t + = 6
t
tan x

t = 3 + 2 2
(
tan x
) >0
(
t = 3 + 2 2 ) = 3+2 2
2 tan x

t 6t + 1 = 0
(
t = 3 + 2 2 ) = 32 2

tan x = 1 x = + k, (k ) .
4
tan x
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tan x
(
2/ Tm m 3 + 2 2 ) (
+ 32 2 ) = m () c ng 2 nghim ; .
2 2
tan x
Ta c () (
t = 3 + 2 2 >0 )
.
2
t mt + 1 = 0

Do x ; tan x .
2 2
Vy ta cn xc nh m phng trnh : t2 mt + 1 = 0 c hai nghim phn bit dng.

= m2 4 > 0

P = 1 > 0 () m > 2 .

S = m > 0

Vy khi m > 2 th phng trnh () c hai nghim phn bit x ; .
2 2
Bi 97. i hc Ngoi Thng nm 1996
log2 3 log2 5
Tm nghim dng ca phng trnh : x + x =x ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0 (do nghim dng).
t log2 x = t x = 2t > 0 .
2 t 3 t
() 2 + 3 = 5 5 + 5 = 1
t t t
( )

Nhn thy t = 1 l mt nghim ca phng trnh ( ) .
2 t 3 t
Xt hm s f (t) = +
5 5
2 t 2 3 t 3
Ta c : f ' (t) = ln + ln < 0, t Hm s f (t) nghch bin.
5 5 5 5
Mt khc y = 1 l hm hng s ( // Ox) .
Vy t = 1 l nghim duy nht ca ( ) x = 2t = 21 = 2 l nghim cn tm ca () .
Bi 98. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1996

x x
Cho phng trnh : 2 + 3 ( ) ( + 2 3 ) =m ()
1/ Gii () khi m = 4 .
2/ Tm m phng trnh () c hai nghim.

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
1/ Khi m = 4 .
www.VNMATH.com
x

() (2 +
x x
t = 2 + 3
( ) >0
( )
x
t = 2 + 3 > 0
3 ) + (2 3 ) =4
1

2
t + = 4 t 4t + 1 = 0
t
x x

(
t = 2 + 3
) >0 2 + 3

( ) =2+ 3 x = 1
.
x x
t = 2 + 3
( ) =2 3 2 + 3 ( ) = 2 3

x = 1

Vy phng trnh c hai nghim x = 1 x = 1 .
x x
2/ Tm m phng trnh 2 + 3 ( ) ( + 2 3 ) =m () c hai nghim.
x
x x
t = 2 + 3
( ) >0 t > 0
(
() 2 + 3 ) ( + 2 3 ) = m
t + 1 = m
2
t mt + 1 = 0
t
= m2 4 > 0 m < 2 m > 2

m > 2.
S = m > 0 m > 0

Bi 99. i hc Quc Gia H Ni Hc Vin Ngn Hng nm 2000
log2 x log2 x
Gii phng trnh: 2 + 2 ( ) (
+ x. 2 2 ) = 1 + x2 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x > 1 Tp xc nh D = (1; +) .
t log2 x = t x = 2t x2 = 4 t .
t t
() (2 + 2 ) + 2 (2 2 )
t
= 1 + 4t
t
t t
(
2+ 2 ) (
+ 2 2 2 = 1 + 2 2 + 2 2 2

) ( )( )
a = 2 + 2

a + b = 1 + a b vi
t t t t
(
b = 2 2 2
)
(a 1) + (b a b ) = 0 (a
t t t t t
) ( ) (
1 bt a t 1 = 0 a t 1 1 bt = 0 )( )
a t = 1

t t = 0 log2 x = 0 x = 1 .
b = 1

Vy nghim phng trnh l S = {1} .
Bi 100. i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi D nm 2000
Gii phng trnh: 8.3x + 3.2x = 24 + 6x ()

Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh: D = .
() (8.3x 24) + (3.2x 2x.3x ) = 0 8 (3x 3) 2x (3x 3) = 0

www.VNMATH.com
x
3 3 = 0 x = 1 .
( )(
3x 3 8 2x = 0 )
8 2x = 0
x = 3

Vy nghim phng trnh l S = {1; 3} .
Bi 101. i hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh khi A t 1 nm 2000

2
Cho f (x) = (m 1) .6x + 2m + 1 .
6x
2
1/ Gii bt phng trnh f (x) 0 vi m = .
3
( )
2/ Tm tham s m x 61x .f ( x ) 0, x 0;1 .

Bi gii tham kho
2
1/ Gii bt phng trnh f (x) 0 vi m = .
3
2 1 2 7
V i m = f ( x) = .6x + 0 ()
3 3 x 3
6
Tp xc nh: D = .
t = 6x > 0
t = 6 > 0
x
t = 6 > 0
x
() 1 2 7 2 1 6x 6 0 x 1 .
t + 0 t 7t + 6 0
1 t 6
3 t 3
Vy tp nghim ca phng trnh l S = 0;1 .
2
(

)
2/ Tm tham s m x 61x (m 1) .6x
6x
+ 2m + 1 0, x 0;1 .

Vi m = 1 th bt phng trnh tha mn khng ph thuc m, nn ta ch cn tm m bt
phng trnh tha x 0;1) .

t g (x) = x 61x . Lc cn tm m g (x) .f (x) 0, x 0;1) .
1 x
Xt hm s g (x) = x 6 1x
= x 6. trn 0;1) .
6
1 x 1
Ta c g ' ( x) = 1 6. ln > 0, x 0;1) Hm s g (x) ng bin trn 0;1) .
6 6
x 0;1) : x < 1 g (x) < g (1) g (x) < 0 .
2
Do , ta ch cn tm f (x) = (m 1) .6x + 2m + 1 0 (), x 0;1) .
x
6
t t = 6x . Do x 0;1) t 1;6) .
2
() (m 1).t t + 2m + 1 0, t 1;6)
2 t2 t + 2
mt + 2m t + 1 0, t 1;6) m = h (t), t 1;6) .
t 2
t + 2t
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t2 t + 2
Xt hm s h ( t) = trn 1;6) .
2
t + 2t
t = 2
3t2 4t 4 3t2 4t 4
Ta c: h ' (t) = , t 1;6) . Cho h ' (t) = =0 .
t = 2
(t2
+ 2t ) (t2
)
+ 2t
3
Bng bin thin
2
t 1 2 6 +
3
h ' (t) 0 0 +
2 2
3 3
h (t)
1
2
1
Da vo bng bin thin, ta c m tha yu cu bi ton.
2
Bi 102. i hc Bch Khoa H Ni khi D nm 2000
2 3
Gii cc phng trnh: log4 (x + 1) + 2 = log 4 x + log8 (4 + x) ()
2
Bi gii tham kho
2
(x + 1) > 0 x + 1 0

x 1
iu kin: 4 x > 0 4 x > 0 TX: D = (4; 4) \ {1} .

4<x<4
4 + x 3 > 0 4 + x > 0
( )
() log2 x + 1 + log2 4 = log2 (4 x) + log2 (4 + x)

log2 4 x + 1 = log2 (4 x)(4 + x) 4 x + 1 = 16 x2

x 1

4 ( x + 1) = 16 x
2 x = 2 (N)

x + 1 0 x = 6 (L) x = 2

.
4 x + 1 = 16 x2 x < 1
( )

x = 2 24
x + 1 < 0 x = 2 24 (N)

x = 2 + 24 (L)
Vy nghim phng trnh l S = 2 24; 2 . { }

Bi 103. i hc S Phm H Ni khi A nm 2000
Tm m x 0;2 u tha mn bt phng trnh:

(
log2 x 2 2x + m + 4 log4 x 2 2x + m 5 ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x2 2x + m > 0 .
www.VNMATH.com
(
t t = log 4 x 2 2x + m 0 . )

() 2 (
t = log4 x2 2x + m 0

)
t = log 4 x2 2x + m 0 ( )
t + 4t 5 0 5 t 1

x2 2x + m 1 x2 2x 1 m

( 2
0 log 4 x 2x + m 1 2 )
x 2x + m 4
2
x 2x 4 m
( ) .

Xt hm s f (x) = x 2 2x, x 0;2 .
Ta c: f ' (x ) = 2x 2 . Cho f ' (x) = 0 x = 1 .

Bng bin thin
x 0 1 2 +
f ' ( x) 0 +
0 0
f (x)
1
1 m 1 m 2
Da vo bng bin thin v ( ) 2 m 4.
4 m 0 m 4

Vy m 2; 4 tha yu cu bi ton.
Bi 104. i hc S Phm H Ni khi B, D nm 2000
Gii bt phng trnh: 32x 8.3x + x+4

9.9 x +4
>0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: x + 4 0 x 4 Tp xc nh: D = 4; +) .
x +4
Chia hai v cho 9 = 32 x+4
> 0, ta c:
() 3 ( ) 8.3x
2 x x +4 x +4
9 > 0
x x+4
x x +4 t = 3 >0
t = 3 >0
2 t < 1 t = 3x x +4
>9 x x+4 >2
t 8t 9 > 0
t > 9

x 2 > 0
x + 4 < x 2 x + 4 0 x > 5.

x + 4 < x 2 2
( )
Kt hp tp xc nh, tp nghim bt phng trnh l S = (5; +) .
Bi 105. i hc S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh khi A, B nm 2000
Gii bt phng trnh: ( )

log9 3x2 + 4x + 2 + 1 > log3 3x2 + 4x + 2 ( ) ()
www.VNMATH.com
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin: 3x2 + 4x + 2 > 0, x Tp xc nh: D = .
(
t t = log3 3x2 + 4x + 2 , lc : )
t 1 < 0
1 1 t 1 0
() 2
t +1> t
2
t > t 1 1
t > 0
1
t > (t 1)2
0t<2
2 2
3x 2 + 4x + 2 1 3x 2 + 4x + 1 0

2
(
0 log 3 3x + 4x + 2 < 2 2 )
3x + 4x + 2 < 9
2
3x + 4x 7 < 0

1 7
x < 1 < x 1 .
3 3
7 1
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l S = ; 1 ;1 .
3 3

Bi 106. i hc S Phm H Ni 2 khi A nm 2000
Tm tt c cc s cp s thc ( x; y) tha mn ng thi cc iu kin sau:
x2 2x 3 log3 5 (y + 4) 2
3 =5 v 4 y y 1 + (y + 3) 8 .
Bi gii tham kho
y + 4 2
5 ( ) = 3 x 2x 3 log3 5
Yu cu bi ton ta phi gii h :

(1)
2
4 y y 1 + (y + 3) 8 (2)
(y + 4) x2 2x 3 log3 5 log3 5
T (1) 5 =3 3 = 51 (y + 4) 1 y 3 (3) .
y 3 y 3

Kt hp vi (2), (3), ta c: 2 y = 3 .
4y + y 1 + (y + 3) 8
3y0

x2 2x 3 log3 5
Thay y = 3 vo (1) ta c: (1) 3 = 51
x = 1
x2 2x 3 log3 5 = log 3 51 x2 2x 3 = 0 x2 2x 3 = 0 .
x = 3
Vy nghim ca h l S = {(1; 3); (3; 3)} .
Bi 107. i hc Kin Trc H Ni H chuyn ban nm 2000
Gii phng trnh: log7 x = log3 ( x +2 ) ()

Bi gii tham kho
x > 0

iu kin: x > 0 Tp xc nh : D = (0; +) .
x + 2 > 0

t
t 2
t log7 x = t x = 7 . Lc : () t = log3 7 + 2 t = log3 7 + 2
t

t
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log3 7 2 +2

t 7 t 1 t

t
3 =3 3 = t
7 2 + 2 1 = + 2. = f (t) .
3 3
7 t 1 t

Xt hm s f (t) = + 2. trn .
3 3
7 t 7 1 t 1

Ta c: f ' ( t) = . ln + 2. . ln < 0, t Hm s f (t) lun nghch bin
3 3 3 3
7 2 1 2

trn v c f (2) = + 2. = 1 . V vy f (t) = f (2) t = 2 x = 72 = 49 .
3 3
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 49 .

Bi 108. i hc Ngoi Thng khi A c s 2 Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2000
(
Gii bt phng trnh: log2 2x + 1 + log3 4x + 2 2 ) ( ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
2x + 1 > 0

iu kin: x ng x Tp xc nh : D = .
4 + 2 > 0

(
Xt hm s f (x) = log2 2x + 1 + log3 4x + 2 trn . ) ( )
2x ln 2 4 x ln 4
Ta c: f ' (x) = + > 0, x Hm s f (x) lun ng bin
( 2x + 1 ln 2) ( )
4 x + 1 ln 3
trn v c f (0) = log2 2 + lo3 3 = 2 . Do : x 0 f (x) f (0) x 0 .
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (; 0 .
(
Gii phng trnh : log3 x2 + x + 1 log3 x = 2x x2 ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
x2 + x + 1 > 0, x
iu kin: x > 0 Tp xc nh D = (0; +) .
x > 0

x 2 + x + 1 1 2
() log3 x = 2x x2 log3 x + x + 1 = 1 (x 1) (1) .

Cauchy
1 1 1
Ta c: x > 0 th x + 2 x.
= 2 x + +1 3

x x x
1 1
log 3 x + + 1 log3 3 log 3 x + + 1 1 .
x x

x = 1 2
x = 1 x = 1
Du " = " xy ra khi v ch khi x x =1 (2) .
x > 0 x > 0 x > 0

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2 2 2
Mt khc : x > 0 th ( x 1) 0 (x 1) 0 1 (x 1) 1 . Du " = " xy
ra khi v ch khi x = 1 (3) .
1 2
log 3 x + + 1 = 1 (x 1)
x
log x + 1 + 1 = 1
1
T (1), (2), (3) log 3 x + + 1 1
3
x x = 1.
x 2
2

1 ( x 1) = 1
1 (x 1) 1

Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1 .
Bi 110. Hc Vin Quan H Quc T khi D nm 2000
Gii phng trnh :
( ) ( ) (
log2 x2 + x + 1 + log2 x2 x + 1 = log2 x 4 + x2 + 1 + log2 x 4 x2 + 1 ) ( ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
2
1 3
x + + > 0, x
2 4
x 2 + x + 1 > 0 2

1 3

x + > 0, x
x 2 x + 1 > 0 2 4
iu kin : 4 2
2
Tp xc nh D = .
x + x + 1 > 0 2 1 3
4 2 x + + > 0, x
x x + 1 > 0 2 4
2
x2 1 + 3 > 0, x

2 4
() log2 x2 + 1 + x x2 + 1 x = log2 x 4 + x2 + 1 + log2 x 4 x2 + 1

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
( ) (
log2 x2 + 1 x2 = log2 x 4 + x2 + 1 + log2 x 4 x2 + 1
) ( )
( ) (
log2 x 4 + x2 + 1 = log2 x 4 + x2 + 1 + log2 x 4 x2 + 1 ) ( )
log (x
2
4
x2 + 1) = 0 x 4
x2 + 1 = 1 x 4 x2 = 0 x = 0 x = 1 .
Vy tp nghim phng trnh l S = {1; 0;1} .
Bi 111. i hc Kinh T Quc Dn H Ni khi A nm 2000

x 1
Gii bt phng trnh : x2 4x + 3 + 1 log5 + 8x 2x2 6 + 1 0
5 x ()
Bi gii tham kho

2 x 1 x 3
x 4x + 3 0 x = 1
2
iu kin : 2x + 8x 6 0 1 x 3
x = 3 .
x x > 0
> 0
5
Vi x = 1 : () 0 0 : tha. Do , phng trnh c mt nghim x = 1 .
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3 1 3 3
Vi x = 3 : () log5 + = log5 0 : khng tha do log5 > log5 1 = 0 .
5 3 3
5 3
5
Vy phng trnh c duy nht mt nghim l x = 1 .
Bi 112. i hc Ti Chnh K Ton H Ni nm 2000
x log8 y + ylog8 x = 4

Gii h phng trnh :
log x log y = 1
()
4 4
Bi gii tham kho

x > 0
iu kin : .
y > 0

x log8 y + y log8 x = 4 x log8 y + y log8 x = 4
x = 4y
() x x
= 4

(4y)log8 y + y log8 4y = 4
log4 = 1 y
y

x = 4y x = 4y x = 4y
log 4y log 4y log8 4y
y +y 8 =4 y =2 log 8 4y = log y 2
8
x = 4y x = 4y

1 2 1 1
log8 4 + log8 y = + log2 y =
log2 y 3 3 log2 y
x = 4y y = 2
y = 1

y = 2
1
log2 y = 1 y = 8.
8 x = 8 1
log y = 3 x = 4y x =
2 2
1 1
Vy tp nghim ca h l S = (x; y) =
; , (8;2) .
2 8

Bi 113. i hc M a Cht H Ni nm 2000
x + y + a = 1 (1)

Gii v bin lun theo tham s thc a h phng trnh : a2 x + yxy
2 .4 = 2 (2)

Bi gii tham kho
2 x +1a x x (1a x )
T (1) y = 1 a x . Thay vo (2), ta c : 2a .4 =2
a2 1a x + xa + x2 (
2 1a x + xa + x2 ) = 21a2
2 .4 =22 ( )
2 1 a x + xa + x2 = 1 a 2
2
2x2 + 2 (a 1) x + (a 1) = 0 (3) .
2 2 2
Lp ' = (a 1) 2 (a 1) = (a 1) 0 .
Vi a 1 : ' < 0 (3) : v nghim h v nghim.
Vi a = 1 : (3) 2x2 = 0 x = 0 y = 0 .
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a 1 : H phng trnh v nghim.
Vy
a = 1 : H phng trnh c nghim .

Bi 114. i hc Lut i hc Xy Dng H Ni nm 2000
5+x
lg
Gii bt phng trnh : x 5 x < 0 ()
2 3x + 1
Bi gii tham kho
5 + x 5 < x < 5
>0
iu kin : 5 x Tp xc nh: D = (5; 5) \ {1; 3} .
x x 1 x 3
2 3x + 1 0
5 + x 5 + x 5 + x 5 + x
lg >0 lg <0 >1 <1
() x 5 x 5x
x
5 x
x
5 x
x
2 3x + 1 < 0 2 3x + 1 > 0 2 < 3x + 1 2 > 3x + 1

2x 2x 0 < x < 5 x < 0 x > 5
>0 <0

5 x
5 x .
x < 1 x > 3 1 < x < 3 x < 1 x > 3 1 < x < 3

Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l: x (5; 0) (1; 3) .
Bi 115. i hc Y H Ni nm 2000
Gii cc phng trnh sau
1 12 2 3
1/ 23x 6.2x + x = 1. 2/ lg4 ( x 1) + lg2 ( x 1) = 25 .
3(x 1)
2 2
Bi gii tham kho
1 12
1/ Gii phng trnh : 23x 6.2 x
3(x 1)
+ =1 (1)
2 2x
Tp xc nh : D = .

x
8 12 3 8 2 2 1 = 0
(1) 23x 6.2x + x 1 = 0 2x ( ) 6 () .
23x 2 3 2x

( )
2x

2
t t = 2x .
2x
3 2 2 4 8 3 8
( )
t3 = 2 x ( )
3. 2x .
2 x
+ 3.2x. 2
3 ( )
2x 3
= t3 + 6t .
(2 ) (2 )
x x
(2 )
x
t3 + 6t 6t = 1 t = 1 x
2 = 1 (L)

() x 2 x 2 x x = 1.
t = 2 x t = 2 x 2 = 2
2 2
Vy nghim phng trnh l x = 1 .
2 3
2/ Gii phng trnh : lg4 (x 1) + lg2 (x 1) = 25 (2)
2
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( x 1) > 0 x 1 0

iu kin : 3
x > 1 Tp xc nh D = (1; +) .
x 1 > 0 x 1 > 0
( )
4 2
(2) 2 lg x 1
+ 3 lg ( x 1) 25 = 0 16 lg4 (x 1) + 9 lg2 ( x 1) 25 = 0

25
2
16t + 9t 25 = 0 t = 1 t = ( L) x = 11
16 lg (x 1) = 1
2
.
t = lg (x 1) > 0
2
t = lg2 (x 1) > 0 x = 11
10
11
Kt hp tp xc nh, tp nghim ca phng trnh l S = ;11 .
10
Bi 116. i hc Y Thi Bnh nm 2000

Gii bt phng trnh : log2 x + log2x 8 4 ()
Bi gii tham kho
x > 0 1 1
iu kin : 0 < x Tp xc nh : D = (0; +) \ .
0 < 2x 1 2 2

t2 3t 1
1 1 0
()
log x + 4 0 log x + 4 0
2 2 t + 1
log8 2x 1
3
(1 + log2 x) t = log2 x

t < 1 3 13 t 3 + 13 log2 x < 1
2 2 3 13 3 + 13
log2 x
t = log x
2 2 2
3 13 3 + 13
1 2
x< 2 x 2 2 .
2
1 3 13 3 + 13
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, tp nghim ca h l x 0; 2 2 ; 2 2 .
2

Bi 117. i hc Y Hi Phng H chuyn ban nm 2000
(
Tm x : log2 a 2 x 2 5ax + 3 + 5 x = log ) 2 + a2
(5 x 1 ) () lun ng a .
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin cn : Nu h thc ng a th phi ng vi a = 0 .
( ) (
Lc : () log2 3 + 5 x = log2 5 x 1 3 + 5 x = 5 x 1 . )
5 x + x 1 = 2 4 + 2 (5 x)( x 1) = 4 x = 5 x = 1 .
iu kin :
(
Lc x = 1 : () log2 a 2 5a 5 = log ) 2 +a2
5 . Hin nhin khng tha mn vi
5 5 5+ 5
2
<a <
2
(1) .
www.VNMATH.com
( )
Lc x = 5 : () log2 25a2 25a + 3 = log
2 +a2
3 . Hin nhin khng tha mn vi
5 13 5 + 13
10
<a<
10
(2) .
T (1), (2) khng c gi tr x tha yu cu bi ton.
Bi 118. i hc Ngoi Ng H Ni H cha phn ban nm 2000

2x2 = y2 + z2
1/ Gii h phng trnh : vi ba s : log y x, logz y, logx z theo th t
xyz = 64

lp thnh cp s nhn.
2/ Cho phng trnh : (m + 3) 16x + (2m 1) 4x + m + 1 = 0 . Tm m phng trnh c
hai nghim tri du.
Bi gii tham kho
2x2 = y2 + z2

1/ Gii h phng trnh :
xyz = 64
() vi ba s : log y x, logz y, logx z theo th t

lp thnh cp s nhn.
iu kin: 1 x, y, z > 0 .
Do log y x, logz y, logx z theo th t lp thnh cp s nhn nn ta c:
1
log2z y = log y x. log x z log2z y = log y z log2z y = log 3z y = 1 z = y .
logz y
2x2 = 2y2
x = y
() xy2 = 64 y3 = 64 x = y = z = 4.
1 x, y, z > 0 1 x, y, z > 0

Vy nghim ca h l (x; y; z) = (4; 4; 4) .
2/ Cho phng trnh : (m + 3) 16x + (2m 1) 4x + m + 1 = 0 () . Tm m phng trnh

() c hai nghim tri du.
Tp xc nh : D = .
t t = 4x > 0 . Khi : () f (t) = (m + 3) t2 + (2m 1) t + m + 1 = 0 ( ) .
Gi x1, x2 l hai nghim ca () v t1, t2 l hai nghim ca ( )
x1 x2
() c hai nghim tri du x1 < 0 < x2 0 < 4 <1< 4 0 < t1 < 1 < t2
(m + 3) .f (1) < 0 (m + 3)(4m + 3) < 0 3

1 < m < .
(m + 3)(m + 1) .f (0) > 0 (m + 3)(m + 1) > 0 4

3
Vy m 1; tha yu cu bi ton.
4
Bi 119. i hc Nng nm 2000

Gii bt phng trnh : 1 + log x 2000 < 2 ()
Bi gii tham kho
() 2 < 1 + logx 2000 < 2 3 < logx 2000 < 1 ( )
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x > 1

Trng hp 1 : x > 1 : ( ) 1 x > 2000 .
< 2000 < x
x 3
0 < x < 1
1
Trng hp 2 : 0 < x < 1 : ( ) 1 0<x< .
> 2000 > x 3
2000
x 3
1
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x 0; (2000; +) .
3 2000
Bi 120. i hc Hu khi A, B H chuyn ban nm 2000
Gii phng trnh : x + log2 9 2x = 3( ) ()

Bi gii tham kho
iu kin 9 2x > 0 .
8
() log2 (9 2x ) = 3 x 9 2x = 23x 2x + 9 = 0
2x
2 2 x = 1
t 9t + 8 = 0 t = 1 t = 8 x = 0 .
x x = 3
t = 2x > 0 t = 2x > 0 2 =8

So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l: x = 0 v x = 3.
Bi 121. i hc Hu khi D, R, R H chuyn ban nm 2000
( )
Gii phng trnh : log2 x 2 1 = log 1 ( x 1) ()
2
Bi gii tham kho

x 2 1 > 0 x < 1 x > 1
iu kin : x > 1 Tp xc nh : D = (1; +) .
x 1 > 0 x > 1

() log2 (x2 1) + log2 (x 1) = 0 log2 (x2 1)(x 1) = 0 (x2 1)(x 1) = 1

1+ 5 1 5
( )
x x2 x 1 = 0 x = 0 x =
2
x=
2
.
1+ 5
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l : x = .
2
Bi 122. i hc S Phm Vinh khi D, G, M nm 2000
Gii phng trnh : (x 1) log5 3 + log5 (3x +1 + 3) = log5 (11.3x 9) ()

Bi gii tham kho
x +1
iu kin : 3 + 3 > 0 11.3x 9 > 0 .
() log5 3x1 + log5 (3x+1 + 3) = log5 (11.3x 9)
log5 3x 1. 3x +1 + 3
( ) = log (11.3
5
x
)
9 32x + 3x = 11.3x 9

2 3x = 1 x = 0
3( )x
10.3 + 9 = 0 x
x

.
3 = 9
x = 2
www.VNMATH.com
So vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l: x = 0, x = 2 .
Bi 123. i hc Cng on nm 2000
4
Gii phng trnh : log2 3 x + 3 log2 x =
3
()
Bi gii tham kho
3 x > 0

iu kin : x > 0 Tp xc nh : D = (0; +) .
x > 0

t = 3 log x t3 = log x
1 4 2 2 log x = t3
() 3 log2 x + log2 x 3 = 0 1 3
3 2 x=2
4 t = 1
t + t = 0
3 3
So vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 2 .
Bi 124. i hc Thy Li H Ni H cha phn ban nm 2000

x log 3 + log y = y + log 3x
2 2 2
2
Gii h phng trnh :
2y
()
x log3 12 + log3 x = y + log3
3
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0, y > 0 .
y 3x
x y
log2 3 + log2 y = log2 2 + log2
3x
2 ( )
log 3 x
.y = log 2 .
2
2
() 2
y 2y
log 12x + log x = log 3y + log 2y
3 3 3 3
3
(
log
3
12) x
.x = log 2
3 .
3

x (1)
3 .y = 2y. 3x (1) (2) x
3 3 2y 3
2 y . = x . 36x = 6y 62x = 6y y = 2x .
y 2y 3 2 12 2
3 . = 12x.x (2)
3
3x 3 x 1
Thay y = 2x vo (1), ta c : (1) 3 .2x = 2 .
x
3 2x
x 1
=4 x 1
=1
2 4
x 1 = 0 x = 1 y = 2.
Vy nghim ca h l S = (x; y) = {(1;2)} .
2 1 x 1
(
Gii phng trnh : log9 x2 5x + 6 ) =
2
log
3 2
+ log3 x 3 ()
Bi gii tham kho
x2 5x + 6 0
x 2 x 3
iu kin : x 1 > 0 Tp xc nh : D = (1; +) \ {2; 3} .
x > 1
x 3 0

x 1
() log3 x2 5x + 6 = log3 2
+ log3 x 3
www.VNMATH.com
x 1
( )
log3 x 2 . x 3 = log3
2
+ log3 x 3
x 1
log3 x 2 + log3 x 3 = log3 + log3 x 3
2

x 1 0
x 1
x 1 5 x = 5
x 2 = 2 (x 2) = x + 1 x = 3.
2 3
2 (x 2) = x 1 x = 3 x = 3

5
Kt hp vi tp xc nh, nghim ca phng trnh l x = .
3
Bi 126. i hc Ty Nguyn khi A, B nm 2000
Cho bt phng trnh : log2 x + a > log2 x (vi a l tham s).

1/ Gii bt phng trnh khi a = 1 .
2/ Xc nh a bt phng trnh c nghim.
Bi gii tham kho
1/ Khi a = 1 . Bt phng trnh log2 x + 1 > log2 x ()

x > 0 x > 0 1
iu kin :
1 x Tp xc nh : D = 1 ; + .
log2 x + 1 0 x 21 = 2 2

2

t < 0 1 t < 0
t + 1 > t t + 1 > 0
t 0 1+ 5
( ) t = log x t 0
1 t <
2
2
2 t t 1 < 0
t + 1 > t2

1+ 5
1+ 5 1 2
1 log2 x < x<2 .
2 2
1+ 5

Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x 1; 2 2 .

2/ Xc nh a bt phng trnh log2 x + a > log2 x ( ) c nghim.

t < 0 t < 0

t + a 0 t a (2)

t t = log2 x . Lc : ( ) t + a > t (1) .
t 0 t 0
t t a < 0 ( )
2 3
t + a > t2

bt phng trnh ( ) c nghim (1) c nghim (2) hoc (3) c nghim.
t 0
Xt h phng trnh (3) : 2 .
t t a < 0
(3 ')
Ta c: (3 ') f ( t) = t2 t < a .
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1
Xt hm s f (t) = t t trn 0; +) . Ta c: f ' (t) = 2t 1 . Cho f ' (t) = 0 t = .
2
2
Bng bin thin
1
t 0 +
2
f ' (t) 0 +
0 +
f (t) 1

4
1
Da vo bng bin thin, bt phng trnh c nghim th a > .
4
Bi 127. i hc Dn Lp Phng ng khi A nm 2000
x2 + x x2 + x
Gii bt phng trnh : ( 5 +1 ) +2 x2 + x +1
< 3. ( 5 1 ) ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
x2 + x x2 + x
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2
Nhn xt : 5 +1 5 1 = 2 5 +1 . 5 1 = 2x +x
.
x x2 x x2 x x2 x x2 x x2
() ( 5 +1 ) + 2. ( 5 +1 ) . ( 5 1 ) 2. ( 5 1 ) ( 5 1 ) <0
x x2 x x2 x x2 x x2 x x2

( 5 +1 ) ( 5 1 ) + 2.

( 5 1 )
(

5 +1 ) 2. ( 5 1 ) <0

x x2 x x2 x x2
(

5 +1 ) ( 5 1 ) 1 + 2.

( 5 1 ) <0

(1) .
5 + 1 > 5 1 x x2 x x2

Ta c:

x x2
5 +1 5 1 (
>0 ) ( ) (2) .
5 1 x x2
( >0 )

1 + 2. 5 1 >1> 0 ( )
T (1), (2) bt phng trnh cho v nghim.
Bi 128. i hc Dn Lp Hng Vng ban B nm 2000

Gii bt phng trnh : log
x2
(4x + 5) 1 ()
Bi gii tham kho
1 x2 > 0 x 0 x 1
5
iu kin : 5 Tp xc nh : D = ; + \ {0;1} .
4x + 5 > 0 x > 4
4
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0 < x < 1
2 1 x 5
1 4x + 5 x
( ) 2 x( )

x ( )
log 4x + 5 1 log 4x + 5 2 x 1 x 5 .
x > 1

4x + 5 x 2

5
Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim l : x ; 1 (1; 0) (0;1) 5; +) .
4
Bi 129. Hc Vin Chnh Tr Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh H cha phn ban nm 2000
Gii phng trnh : 4x2 + x.3x + 31+ x = 2x2 .3x + 2x + 6 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
() (4x2 2x2.3x ) + (x.3x 2x) + (3.3x 6) = 0
( ) ( ) (
2x2 2 3x x 2 3x 3 2 3x = 0 )

2 3x = 0 x = log3 2

(
2 3x )( 2
)
2x x 3 = 0 2
2x x 3 = 0
x = 1 .

3
x =
2
3
Vy phng trnh c ba nghim l x = 1 x = log3 2 x = .
2
Bi 130. i hc khi B nm 2008
x2 + x
Gii bt phng trnh : log0,7 log6 <0 ()
x + 4
Bi gii tham kho
x2 + x 4 < x < 1
iu kin : > 0 .
x+4 x > 0
2 2 2
log x + x < log 1 log x + x > 1 x + x > 6
()
log 0,7
6 x + 4
0,7 6
x+4 x+4
x2 5x 24 4 < x < 3
> 0 .
x+4 x > 8
Kt hp vi i kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x (4; 3) (8; +) .
Bi 131. i hc khi A nm 2006

Gii phng trnh : 3.8 x + 4.12x 18 x 2.27 x = 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
www.VNMATH.com
3 x 3
3 x
t =
=
3 x 3 2x 3 3x t = > 0

2 2
() 3 + 4. 2 2 2. 2 = 0 2 x
3 3

t = 3 = 1 (L)
2t + t 4t 3 = 0 2

x = 1.
Bi 132. i hc khi D nm 2003
2 2
Gii phng trnh : 2x x
22 + xx = 3 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
2
2 (
x2 x ) 3 = 0 2x x 4. 2 1 t = 2x x > 0
() 2x x 4.2 3 = 0
2 x2 x t 4. 1 3 = 0
t
x2 x
t = 2x x > 0
2
t = 2 = 1 (L ) 2

x = 1 .
x x = 2
x2 x
t 3t 4 = 0 x = 2
2
t = 2 = 4 = 22
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim x = 1, x = 2 .
Bi 133. D b 2 i hc khi B nm 2006
2 2
Gii phng trnh : 9x + x 1
10.3x + x 2
+1 = 0 ()
Bi gii tham kho
Tp xc nh : D = .
x2 + x 1
) 10 .3x +x1 + 1 = 0 t = 3x + x1 > 0 = 3 = 31
2
(
2 x2 + x 1 2 t = 3
() 3 2
3 3t 10t + 3 = 0 x2 + x 1 1
t = 3 = = 31
3
x2 + x 1 = 1 x = 1 x = 2
2 .
x + x 1 = 1 x = 0 x = 1

Vy phng trnh c 4 nghim l x = 2, x = 1, x = 0, x = 1 .
Bi 134. D b 1 i hc khi D nm 2003
Cho hm s f (x ) = x log x 2, (x > 0, x 1) . Tm f ' (x) v gii bt phng trnh f ' (x) 0 .
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : x > 0, x 1 .
1
ln 2. ln x .x ln 2 ln 2 (ln x 1)
x ln 2 x
Ta c : f (x) = x log x 2 = f ' ( x) = = .
ln x ln2 x ln2 x
ln 2 (ln x 1)
Gii f ' (x ) = 0 ln x 1 0 ln x 1 x e .
ln2 x
So vi iu kin, nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x (0; e \ {1} .

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(
Gii phng trnh : log5 5x 4 = 1 x) ()
Bi gii tham kho
iu kin : 5x 4 > 0 .
Cch gii 1. t n ph.
t = 5x > 0 x
1 t = 5 = 1 x = 1 .
() 5 4 = 5 5 5. x 4 = 0 t2 4t 5 = 0
x 1x x
x
5 t = 5 = 5

Kt hp vi iu kin, phng trnh c nghim duy nht x = 1 .
Cch gii 2. S dng tnh n iu ca hm s.
Nhn thy x = 1 l mt nghim ca phng trnh () .
( )
Hm s f (x) = log5 5x 4 : l hm s ng bin.
Hm s g (x) = 1 x : l hm s nghch bin.
Do , x = 1 l nghim duy nht ca phng trnh () .

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BI TP RN LUYN
BI TP RN LUYN
Bi 136. Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi A nm 2005
1 1
Gii bt phng trnh : < .
(
log4 x + 3x 2
) log2 (3x 1)
Bi 137. Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi B nm 2005

5
Gii bt phng trnh : log2 (x + 1) + log x +1 2 ()
2
Bi 138. Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi D1 nm 2005
( )
Gii bt phng trnh : 4x + 2x 2 log2 (2x 1) 0 ()
Bi 139. Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi H nm 2005
2
lg y = lg x 4 lg x + 7 lg x
3 2
Gii h phng trnh : 2 .
lg x = lg 3 y 4 lg2 y + 7 lg y

Bi 140. Cao ng Qung Ninh khi A nm 2005
x3 32
Gii bt phng trnh : log24 x log21
8
+ 9 log2 2 4 log21 x ()
2
x 2
Bi 141. i hc Ti Chnh K Ton H Ni nm 2001

2
x log x1
log 3 log 1 +2 2 + 3
1 2
2 3

Gii bt phng trnh : 1 ()
3
Bi 142. i hc Thng Mi nm 2001
Tm m phng trnh : (m 1) log21 (x 2) (m 5) log 1 (x 2) + m 1 = 0 () c hai
2 2
nghim tha mn iu kin : 2 < x1 x2 < 4 .
Bi 143. Hc Vin Quan H Quc T khi D nm 2001

3x + 2
Gii bt phng trnh : log x >1
x +2
Bi 144. i hc Cng on nm 2001
( )
Gii phng trnh : log2 4 x + 4 = x log 1 2x +1 3 ( )
2
Bi 145. i hc An Ninh Nhn Dn khi A nm 2001

1
Gii phng trnh : log2 (3x 1) + = 2 + log2 ( x + 1)
log(x + 3) 2
Bi 146. i hc An Ninh Nhn Dn khi D nm 2001
Tm tp xc nh ca hm s : y = log2 x2 + 2 .log(2x) 2 2( )
Bi 147. Hc Vin K Thut Qun S nm 2001
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Tm m phng trnh : log22 x + log 1 x2 3 = m log 4 x2 3 ( )
2
Bi 148. i hc Y Thi Bnh nm 2001

2
Gii bt phng trnh : 3x2 5x + 2 + 2x > 3x.2x 3x 5x + 2 + (2x) .3x
Bi 149. i hc Dn Lp Phng ng nm 2001
(
Gii phng trnh : log3 9x +1 4.3x 2 = 2x + 1 )
Bi 150. i hc Dn Lp ng khi A, V nm 2001
Gii phng trnh : log x log3 9x 6

( ) = 1

Bi 151. i hc Thng Long khi A nm 2001
Gii v bin lun theo tham s a bt phng trnh : log 1 x 2 + ax + 1 < 1 ( )

2
Bi 152. i hc Hng c khi A nm 2001
Gii phng trnh : 5.32x 1 7.3x1 + 1 6.3x + 9x +1 = 0

Bi 153. i hc S Phm i hc Lut Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2001
log2 2x log2 6 log2 4x2
Gii phng trnh : 4 x = 2.3
Bi 154. Hc Vin Chnh Tr Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2001
3 1
x 1 + log (x 3)2
(
Gii phng trnh : log27 x2 5x + 6 ) =
2
log
3 2
9
Bi 155. i hc Hu khi A, B, V nm 2001

log (x + y) + log (x y) = 1
Cho h phng trnh : 2
2 a
vi a l s dng khc 1. Xc nh a
x y2 = a

h phng trnh trn c nghim duy nht v gii h trong trng hp .
Bi 156. i hc An Giang khi A, B nm 2001
( )
Gii phng trnh : ln (2x 3) + ln 4 x 2 = ln (2x 3) + ln 4 x 2 ( )
Bi 157. i hc Lt khi A, B nm 2001
( )
Xc nh m bt phng trnh : logx m x2 1 > log xm x2 + x 2 c nghim. ( )
Bi 158. i hc Dn Lp Bnh Dng nm 2001
Gii phng trnh : 6.4x 13.6x + 6.9x = 0

Bi 159. Cao ng S Phm K Thut Vinh nm 2001
x 1
x 1
Gii bt phng trnh : ( 5 +2 ) ( 5 2 ) x +1
(
Tm m bt phng trnh : log 1 x2 2x + m > 3 ) () c nghim.
2
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Bi 161. i hc Kinh T Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1995
4 x + y1 + 3.42y1 2

Gii h bt phng trnh :
x + 3y 2 log4 3

x
Gii bt phng trnh : 2x < 3 2 + 1
Bi 163. i hc Kin Trc Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1995
x
x
Gii phng trnh : 2 = 32 +1
Bi 164. i hc Tng Hp Tp. H Ch Minh khi A, B nm 1994
Cho hm s : y = log
2x2 1
(7 2x ) + log 2
7 2x2
(2x 2
1 . )
1/ Tm min xc nh ca y.
2/ Tm gi tr nh nht ca y. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca x y t gi tr nh nht nht .
Bi 165. i hc Tng Hp Tp. H Ch Minh khi D nm 1994
1/ Gii bt phng trnh :

(
log2 x2 9x + 8 ) <2.
log2 (3 x)
x x
2/ Gii phng trnh : 2 + 3( ) + (2 3 ) = 4.
2x 2x x x
(
3/ Cho y = 2 + 3 ) (
+ 2 3 ) 8 2+ 3

( ) + (2 3 ) . Tm gi tr nh nht ca y.
Bi 166. i hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh khi D nm 1994
m m
Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m phng trnh : ( 2 +x ) + ( 2x ) = 2 2 l h qu
ca phng trnh :
(
log2 9 x 3 ) = 3.
log2 (3 x)

Gii phng trnh : log x (x + 1) lg 4, 5 = 0
Bi 168. i hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh khi A, B nm 1994
(
Cho bt phng trnh : log2 x2 + ax 2 ) ()
1/ Gii bt phng trnh () vi a = 3 .
2/ Tm gi tr ln nht ca tham s a x = 1 l mt nghim ca bt phng trnh ()
Bi 169. i hc Nng Lm Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1993

Gii bt phng trnh : log
3x x2
(3 x ) > 1 .
Bi 170. i hc Kinh T Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1993
Xc nh tham s m tng bnh phng cc nghim ca phng trnh :
( ) (
2 log4 8x2 2x + 2m 4m2 + log0,5 4x2 + 2mx 2m2 = 0 ln hn 0,25 . )
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Bi 171. i hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh nm 1993
Cho bt phng trnh : log2 x2 + 1 < log2 (ax + a ) .

1/ Gii bt phng trnh khi a = 2 .
2/ Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s a bt phng trnh c nghim.
3x
+1
Chng minh rng vi 0 < x < ta c : 2sin 2x + 2tan x > 2 2 .
2
Bi 173. i hc Dn Lp Hng Vng ban C nm 2000
2 log x + log y = 5
Gii h phng trnh :
y ( x ) ()
xy = 8

Bi 174. Vin i hc M H Ni khi A nm 2000
1

Gii phng trnh : 2 x . x2 + 4 x 2 = 4 x2 + 4 4x 8
()
Bi 175. i hc Nng Nghip I khi B nm 2000
loga x loga 4
Gii bt phng trnh : 16 4 + 3.x () vi a l tham s.
Bi 176. i hc S Phm Vinh khi A, B, E nm 2000
x x +1
1/ Gii v bin lun phng trnh : 4 2 m = 0 (vi m l tham s).
2
2/ Gii bt phng trnh : 3x 4
( )
+ x 2 4 .3 x 2 1 .
Bi 177. i hc S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh khi D, E nm 2000
Xc nh m bt phng trnh : 4x m.2x +1 + 3 2m < 0 c nghim.

Bi 178. i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti c s II Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2000
Gii bt phng trnh : log3 x2 x 6 + log 1 x 3 > log 1 (x + 2)

3 3

2 2 2
Cho bt phng trnh : m.92x x
(2m + 1) .62x x
+ m.42x x
0 . Tm m bt phng
1
trnh nghim ng vi mi x tha iu kin x .
2
Bi 180. i hc Ngoi Ng H Ni H chuyn ban nm 2000
Gii phng trnh : log4 (log2 x) + log2 (log4 x) = 2 ()
Bi 181. i hc Thi Nguyn khi G nm 2000
1 2
Gii phng trnh : + = 1 ()
4 lg x 2 + lg x
Bi 182. i hc An Ninh Nhn Dn khi D, G nm 2000
72x x
Gii phng trnh : x
= 6. (0, 7) + 7 ()
100
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Bi 183. i hc Cnh St Nhn Dn khi G H chuyn ban nm 2000
Gii phng trnh : log23 (x + 1) + (x 5) log3 (x + 1) 2x + 6 = 0 ()
Bi 184. i hc Thy Li c s II H cha phn ban nm 2000
2 2
Gii phng trnh : 22x +1
9.2x +x
+ 22x +2 = 0 ()
Bi 185. Hc Vin Chnh Tr Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh Ban khoa hc x hi nm 2000
2 1
1 x 1 x +1
Gii phng trnh : + 3.
= 12 ()
3 3
Bi 186. i hc Thy Sn t 1 nm 2000
Cho phng trnh : 4x 4m.2x + 2m + 2 = 0 .

1/ Gii phng trnh vi m = 1 .
2/ Gii v bin lun phng trnh theo tham s m.
Bi 187. i hc Thy Sn t 2 nm 2000
2 1
(
Gii bt phng trnh : log4 x2 7x + 12 ) <
2
log
2
(x 2) + log2 x 4 1 ()
Bi 188. i hc Cn Th khi A nm 2000
( ) ( ) (
Cho phng trnh : x 2 1 lg2 x2 + 1 m 2 x2 1 . log x2 + 1 + m + 4 = 0 . ) ( )
1/ Gii phng trnh vi m = 4 .
2/ Tm m phng trnh c ng hai nghim tha 1 x 3 .
Bi 189. i hc Hng c khi A nm 2000

4 2
log 3 (x + 1) log 4 (x 1)
Gii bt phng trnh : >0
x2 2x 3
Bi 190. i hc Dn Lp K Thut Cng Ngh khi A, B nm 2000
x4 + 2
Gii phng trnh : log2x1
2x + 1
=1 ()
Bi 191. i hc Quc Gia H Ni khi B nm 2000
Gii phng trnh : log5 x = log7 (x + 2) ()
x 2 3x + 2
Gii bt phng trnh : log 1
x
0 ()
2

Gii bt phng trnh : 2 log 3 (4x 3) + log 1 (2x + 3) 2 ()
3

1
(
Gii phng trnh : log2 4 x + 15.2x + 27 + 2 log2 ) x
4.2 3
=0 ()
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( )
Gii bt phng trnh : log5 4 x + 144 4 log5 2 < 1 + log5 2x2 + 1 ( ) ()
2 2
Gii phng trnh : 2x +x
4.2x x
22x + 4 = 0 ()
Gii bt phng trnh : log x log 3 9x 72 ( ) 1 ()

2x + x +1
Tm tham s m h: 2
7 72+ x +1 + 2005x 2005 (1) c nghim.
x (m + 2) x + 2m + 3 0 (2)

2
( )
Gii phng trnh : log2x1 2x 2 + x 1 + log x +1 (2x 1) = 4 ()
Bi 200. Cao ng khi A, B, D nm 2011
x2 2x 3 x2 2x 3
Gii bt phng trnh : 4x 3.2x + 41+ >0

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Mu & Logarit

t = log5 x 0 log x < 1

t t = log3 x v do x > 0 x + 1 0 . Lc : () (x + 1) t2 + 4xt 16 = 0 .

Hm s f (x ) = log3 x : l hm s ng bin trn (0;+) .

Vy phng trnh (1) c mt nghim duy nht l x = 3 .

Da vo bng xt, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l : x 2; 1 ( ) ( )

Bi 5. Cao ng khi T, M nm 2004 i hc Hng Vng

log2 ( xy) = 1 xy = 2 (3) .

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l : x = 11 x = 1 + 14 .

Kt hp vi iu kin, nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1 3 .

Bi 8. Cao ng S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2004

Bi gii tham kho

3 log3 (x + 3) 2 log2 (x + 3) < 0

3 log3 ( x + 3) 2 log2 3. log3 ( x + 3) < 0

log3 (x + 3) . (3 2 log2 3) < 0

log3 (x + 3) > 0 (Do : 3 2 log2 3 < 0)

3 log3 (x + 3) 2 log2 (x + 3) > 0

3 log3 ( x + 3) 2 log2 3. log3 ( x + 3) > 0

log3 (x + 3) . (3 2 log2 3) > 0

log3 (x + 3) < 0 (Do : 3 2 log2 3 < 0)

Bi 10. Cao ng S Phm Bnh Phc nm 2004

y ' = 6x 6x2 . Cho y ' = 0 x = 0, x = 1 .

log5 x (log3 x log3 3 log3 5) = 0

log5 x. (log3 x log3 15) = 0

Bi 12. Cao ng Giao Thng nm 2004

Gii bt phng trnh : 8 + 21+ x 4 x + 21+ x > 5 (1)

Bi 13. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip II nm 2004

Vy phng trnh c nghim duy nht l x = log2 3 .

Bi 16. Cao ng Kinh T K Thut Cng Nghip khi A nm 2004

Gii phng trnh : 32x +5 36.3x +1 + 9 = 0

() 27.32(x +1) 36.3x+1 + 9 = 0

(2) y = 4 log2 x log22 x 3 + x2 7x + 6 .

Bi 18. Cao ng Ti Chnh K Ton IV nm 2004

x 4; 1 . Do tp nghim ca bt phng trn l x 4; 1 .

Bi 19. Cao ng Y T Ngh An nm 2004

Bi gii tham kho

Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (; 0) (1; +) .

Bi 25. Cao ng S Phm Hng Yn khi A nm 2006

T (1), (2), (3) x + 1 = 2x x = 1 .

Gii phng trnh : log9 x = log 3 ( 2x + 1 1 ) ()

1/ Gii phng trnh : log9 x = log 3 ( 2x + 1 1 ) ()

Bi 29. Cao ng Bn Cng Hoa Sen khi D nm 2006

Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (; 2 2; +) .

Bi 32. Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi M nm 2006

Bi 33. D b Cao ng S Phm H Nam khi A nm 2006

() log2 2 + log2 (9x 6) = log2 (4.3x 6) log2 2.(9x 6) = log2 (4.3x 6)

Thay x = 1 vo iu kin v tha iu kin. Vy nghim ca phng trnh l x = 1 .

Bi 36. Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng nm 2006

log23 x + 2 log2 x 3 log2 x = 0 log2 x = 1 x = 2 .

Kt hp vi iu kin, tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (2; +) .

Bi 40. Cao ng Kinh T Cng Ngh Tp. H Ch Minh khi D1 nm 2006

Bi gii tham kho

Bi gii tham kho

Bi gii tham kho

Bi 46. Cao ng S Phm Tp. H Ch Minh khi A nm 2006

Bi gii tham kho

Bi gii tham kho

() log3 3x + 1 .log3 3. 3x + 1 = 2 log3 3x + 1 . 1 + log3 3x + 1 = 2

Bi 50. Cao ng S Phm Qung Ngi nm 2006

Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l x (; 2 .

Bi 52. Cao ng S Phm Lai Chu khi A nm 2005

Bi gii tham kho