TASK SIX ‘Work with «partner and underline the language that eablshes 2 cause-and-effect connection. ‘@ Despite te success of fog harvesting in Chungungo, the system |s, unfortunately, no longer in use (de fa asta, 2002).€@ The aval bliy of water led to ating of the population fom 300 to 900, putting pressure an the water supply DRC, 2003). @ Because the ‘community lacked a clear commitment tothe project (68 Diehl, 2010, fora fll explanation), they didnot add new nets to increase the water supply, and instead peioned for water to be piped in fom 20 km away. @ Although the vilage abandoned this able alternative technology, the Chungungo experience has led to successful implementation of fog harvesting Intiaives in other ‘mountainous coastal areas of Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Per, providing much needed fresh wat You likely novice beens andthe verb phrse ld teas a means to show & ‘zuse and eet, bu perhaps les ful ¢o you are ~ing verb that can also be used to etblich «causal connection,3: Posten, Process, ano SoWUTION ns TH) tanawaye Focusing Cases to indicate cause and ec In onder e hlp your eader understands problem andlor asoltin, you may nec owe expressions to highlight causes nd ffs. For examples the vwal-know rlasionship beswsen supply nd demand in the field of Eco homies can be conveyed at « auseand-fece statement, Such satements can eke many forms. Her ate 3 Fes. [An increase In demand cauzera rie in peices ‘The tsunami was triggered bya very powerful earthquake, fesearchers worldwide are increasingly pressured to publish in English anguage journal, thus leading 0 decline in publications written in lnguages other than English The Lae senronce contains a su» wing clawe of reule: Sach clauses of rule cn be pariulaly useful as akernatvs to waional lagcal connee- tor ike terre sada rule Compate she sencences in each se. 2 The magma flows into the pores ofthe rock: as a esl the rocks rupture “The magma flows into the pores ofthe rocks, thus causing them to rupture b. A currants sent through the materi AS 2 result, te lecons are polarized, 2 corent is sont through the materia, thus polarizing the slectons. Note that sr oprional in ing chutes of ese a hat sarees wee also ws peiminary subo 1 cause ew at ehe sean forthe proces. . When the ABS controler senses that a wheels aboot to tock up, t automatically changes the pressure in the brake lines of he cat, As a resulk, manimum bake performance ie achieved, \when the ABS controller senses that a whee! Is abost to lock up, automaticaly changes the pressure i the cas brake line to preven the lockup, (hus resting in maximum brake performance16 Acaocae WvTING FON GRADUATE STL OKA Cprional subordinate clause When the ABS controller senses that a whee! is about to lock up, Moir clovse e automaticaly changes the prestre inthe brake lines of the cart prevent the lockup, (optional thus thereby) “ing (hus) resulting in maximum i brake performance. “This sroctre i particularly efi in problem-slucion cents bacuteitcan be wed ro express che nex stp i the proces, 2 reeling problem, or 3 reskin solution, Here fa simple example Process: Prices rise, thus lading toa drop In demand Problem: Price rise, thus increasing the chance of byperifation Solution: Prices ise, thusinreasing earnings that can then be reinvested Inthe enterprise ‘TASK SEVEN Read dhe sentences containing wing clauses of eau. Would ys ‘expe to find these sentences in che problem, solution, or enua~ tion pare ofa est! Discuss your decisions witha partner. 1. The later ight forms an EM Fld, sereby’ slowing the vileation ofthe aoms. 2 When manufieturing outpu drops, demand for business loans {alla ening banks wth » rong lnding capsin= 3. Contact among humans, livestock, and wildlife may increase, thus erating opportunities forthe emergence of ew hvetoc. diese.3 PROBLIN, PRoctss, AND SOLUTION w 4 Users have acess informacion, chus supporting smarcer purchasing decisions that fect a compan’s bottom line. 5. The propllanc evaporates, leaving behind only the desived produce. Resmi each sentence without the ~/ng clause and instead wae 2 tradicional inking word or phrate wo indicate 3 causal rlaconship, Sze Table on page 37 ifyou need some ideas. TASK EIGHT Conbine the eas presented in cach ofthe watements by wing an ‘ng elas of ele ork wih 3 pane, |. Technical improvements in resouresffiiency ca lower demand foe resources, This rele in lower price. Avatars can use graphic capable ro build new arf indi- ‘dually or callsboracively in real me, This leads othe craton ofan efaceefered to 3¢“immedicy of arises.” 5. The payment processing division ofthe banleanncunced thar its ystems had been breached by unknown intrudes. Beease of this breach, che personal information belonging co about 15 nillion cardholders war compromized. 4 The planes exrct nickel and zinc hence, the soils et uncones minted 5 Rainfall eves plummeted. A slow, bur stay ossof gases ‘occured. AS a result, che region was wansformed into a desert c Countries ign testes onthe woe of free resus” suc asa ani ocean Fish, Seriows ownership questions ais cherefore i is Aithealeto enforce any agreement‘TASK NINE Read the portage, which hasbeen divided into thre pars. Choose the tem thae bes completes each prt. Each ofthe choices s gram matically correct however, nt al will wor equally well. Before ‘making your choices, consider the flow ofthe entre passage not just che individual items 1. Since the onser of air tal in the early 1900s, irra colisions ‘with binds and ater wife have been a ongoing rea 0 human safery These collisions known a wildlife strike, cccur ‘on average neatly 20 times pr dy and have damaged or destoyed more than 400 tere 4. sata raul, he average com ie $117,787 per inckdent 1. ,resulkng in an average cos of $117,787 per incident «These collisions have resulted in an average cos of '5117,787 pe incident 2, Over the las 40 years the number of wildlife strikes hasbeen increasing, Two years ago, 7,600 rrkes were reported. Lar year that number rae to 8,000. Over the last dade here has been a threfold increase, Several Fctors have contributed to this rowing teat. Fite, moet ines ae replacing older thee- oF Fourengined aircraft with quieter, more eficient aircraft widh ‘vo engines thus, aireraft have les engine redundancy anda greaer likelihood of engine flare ina callision sith wife 3. ,rsulkng in es engine redundancy and a greater likelihood ‘of engine file in 2 ellion with wiki ‘1 which has resulted in les engine redundancy anda greater likelihood of engine flare ina collision wit wife 3. Second, wildlife management programs have contibuted to trowth in che populations of many species of wide tha are ‘fen involved i sriker. For example, ce once-endangered Canada goose population hss grown by more than 10% cach yea forthe late 30 years Canada goose and oher birds, Such ae gl, have expanded into urban and suburban ares, including airports. Thtd, che number of commercial and non- commercial fights has more than doubled over she last eve decades 1 therefore, the parallel increases in wildlife populations and sie ae contribute co higher probabilcy ofa wife strike This concurene increase in willie populations and ait ‘eafficconebutes toa higher probabiley oF «wildlife eke scontrbuting toa higher probable of a wildlife strike