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!
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d B
at all time outside the element : 0
dt
dQenc
at all time inside the element : 0
dt
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v ij
dq
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dq t
q(t) = i(t)dt
i
dt
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Example:
NOTE: this does not mean the power is negative. v = -1 V, i = 1 A
It depends on the numerical values of v and i = -vi = 1W
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v ij = 0
loop l
ik = 0
node k
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V BATTERY +
V BATTERY +
d B a b c
Vac + Vba + Vcb = 0
E dl = E dl + E dl + E dl = 0
L dt c a b
V BATTERY +
dQenc
J dS = I ca + I ba + I da = 0
S dt