Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

BAB Janjang
12
Praktis Masteri

(b) a = 2, d = 0 (2)
1. (a) d = 3 =2
(b) d = 2
(c) Bukan janjang aritmetik T51 = a + 50d
(d) d = 1 = 2 + 50(2)
(e) d = 0.2 = 98
(c) a = 1, d = 5 (1)
2. (a) d = 5 2 = 4
=3 T51 = a + 50d
x = 2 3 = 1 + 50(4)
= 1 = 201
y = 8 + 3
1 1 1
= 11 (d) a = , d =
2 2 2
(b) d = 5 (1) = 1
= 4 T51 = a + 50d
x = 1 (4) 1
= 3 = + 50(1)
2
y = 9 + (4) 1
= 50
= 13 2
1 1
(c) d = 1 = 49
2 2
1
=
2 4. (a) a = 2, d = 6 2
1 1 =4
x =
2 2 Tn = 86
= 0 a + (n 1)d = 86
3 1 2 + (n 1)(4) = 86
y = +
2 2 (n 1)(4) = 84
= 2 n 1 = 21
n = 22
(d) d = 0.2 0.4
= 0.2 (b) a = 1, d = 3 (1)
= 2
(x + 0.1) d = 0
x + 0.1 + 0.2 = 0 Tn = 61
x = 0.3 a + (n 1)d = 61
1 +(n 1)(2) = 61
3. (a) a = 5, d = 8 5 60
n 1 =
=3 2
= 30
T51 = a + 50d n = 31
= 5 + 50(3)
= 155

1 Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

(c) a = x, d = (x + 2) x (d) Tm 2 = Sm 2 Sm 3
=2 m2 m3
= [2(m 2) + 1] [2(m 3) + 1]
Tn = x + 50 2 2
a + (n 1)d = x + 50 m 2 m 3
= (2m 3) (2m 5)
x + (n 1)(2) = x + 50 2 2
50 (m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
n 1 = =
2 2 2
= 25 (m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
n = 26 2
(2m2 7m + 6) (2m2 11m + 15)
=
5. (a) a = 7, d = 10 7 = 3 2
4m 9
n =
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d] 2
2
20
= [2(7) + (20 1)3] 7. (a) a = 2, d = 4
2
= 710 T6 = a + 5d
= 2 + 5(4)
(b) a = 5, d = 7 (5) = 2
= 22
20
S20 = [2(5) + (20 1)(2)] T19 = a + 18d
2
= 2 + 18(4)
= 10(10 38) = 74
= 480
Hasil tambah di antara sebutan ke-5 dan ke-20
(c) a = 1, d = 1.5 1 n
= (a + l)
= 0.5 2
14
20 = (22 + 74)
S20 = [2(1) + (20 1)(0.5)] 2
2
= 672
= 10(11.5)
= 115 (b) a = 5, d = 3 (5)
1 3 1 =2
(d) a = , d = T6 = a + 5d
4 4 4
1 = 5 + 5(2)
= = 5
2
20 1 1 Hasil tambah di antara sebutan ke-5 dan ke-20
2 4 31 2
S20 = 2 + (20 1)
2 1 24 n
= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
= 100
14
= [2(5) + (14 1)(2)]
1 2
6. (a) T1 = S1 = [2(1) + 1] = 7(36)
2
3 = 252
=
2 (c) a = 8, d = 5 8
(b) T2 = S2 S1 = 3
2 3 n
= [2(2) + 1] Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2 2 2
3 19
= 5 S19 = [2 8 + (19 1)(3)]
2 2
7 = 361
=
2 5
S5 = [2 8 + (5 1)(3)]
2
(c) T10 = S10 S9 = 10
10 9
= [2(10) + 1] [2(9) + 1] Hasil tambah di antara sebutan ke-5 dan ke-20
2 2
= 105 85.5 = 361 10
= 19.5 = 371

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

8. (a) a = 3, d = 8 3 (b) a = 21, d = 18 21

=5 = 3
20 13
S20 = [2(3) + (20 1)(5)] S13 = [2(21) + (13 1)(3)]
2 2
= 10(101) 13
2
= (6)
= 1 010
= 39
4
S4 = [2(3) + (4 1)(5)] S3 = 21 + 18 + 15
2
= 2(21) = 54
= 42 Hasil tambah 10 sebutan = 39 54
= 15
Hasil tambah dari sebutan ke-5 hingga ke-20
= 1 010 42 (c) a = 8, d = 6 (8)
= 968 =2
14
(b) a = 10, d = 6 10 S14 = [2(8) + (14 1)(2)]
2
= 4 = 70
20 S4 = (8) + (6) + (4) + (2)
S20 = [2(10) + (20 1)(4)]
2 = 20

= 560
Hasil tambah 10 sebutan = 70 (20)
4
S4 = [2(10) + (4 1)(4)] = 90
2
= 16
10. (a) d = 5 3
Hasil tambah dari sebutan ke-5 hingga ke-20 = 2
= 560 16 T11 = 3
= 576 a + 10d = 3
a + 10(2) = 3
(c) a = 9, d = 6 (9) a = 17
=3 10
S10 = [2(17) + (10 1)(2)]
20 2
S20 = [2(9) + (20 1)(3)] = 80
2
= 390

(b) d = 4 (1)
4 = 3
S4 = [2(9) + (4 1)(3)]
2 T11 = 1
= 18 a + 10d = 1
a + 10(3) = 1
Hasil tambah dari sebutan ke-5 hingga ke-20 a = 29
= 390 (18)
= 408 10
S10 = [2(29) + (10 1)(3)]
2
9. (a) a = 15, d = 19 15 = 5(31)
=4 = 155
14
S14 = [2(15) + (14 1)(4)] 11. (a) a = 8, d = 4 (8)
2
= 574 =4

4 10
S4 = [2(15) + (4 1)(4)] S10 = [2(8) + (10 1)(4)]
2 2
= 84 = 5(20)
= 100
Hasil tambah 10 sebutan = 574 84
= 490 (b) a = 18, d = 12 18
= 6
10
S10 = [2(18) + (10 1)(6)]
2
= 90
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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

(c) a = 1.0, d = 1.4 1.0 15. (a) T3 = 14

= 0.4 a + 2d = 14.................................. 1
10 S10 = 185
S10 = [2(1.0) + (10 1)(0.4)]
2 10
= 28 [2a + (10 1)d] = 185
2
2a + 9d = 37............. 2
12. a = 2, d = 3 1 9, 9a + 18d = 126...................... 3
Sn = 155
n 2 2, 4a + 18d = 74........................ 4
[2a + (n 1)d] = 155
2 3 4, 5a = 52
n 52
[2(2) + (n 1)3] = 155 a =
2 5
n 2
(4 + 3n 3) = 155 = 10
2 5
n
(1 + 3n) = 155 52
2 (b) Gantikan a = ke dalam 1,
n + 3n2 = 310 5
3n2 + n 310 = 0 52
+ 2d = 14
(3n + 31)(n 10) = 0 5
31 52
n = , 10 2d = 14
3 5
Oleh sebab n ialah integer positif, maka n = 10. 18
=
5
9
13. a = 5, Tn = 25 d =
5
5 + (n 1)d = 25
(n 1)d = 30............................... 1 (c) T20 = a + 19d
Sn = 50 52 9
n
= + 19
5 5 1 2
[2(5) + (n 1)d] = 50 52 171
2 = +
n[10 + (n 1)d] = 100 5 5
10n + (n 1)dn = 100.................. 2 223
=
5
Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2,
10n + 30n = 100
16. a = 1, d = 2
20n = 100
Sn = 400
n = 5 n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 400
2
14. T2 = 7 n
[2(1) + (n 1)(2)] = 400
a + d = 7............................................ 1 2
n(2 + 2n 2) = 800
T7 = 17 2n2 = 800
a + 6d = 17........................................ 2 n2 = 400
2 1, 5d = 10 n = 20
d = 2
17. a = p, d = 2
Gantikan d = 2 ke dalam 1,
a 2 = 7 T6 = 140
a = 5 a + 5d = 140
n p + 5(2) = 140
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d] p = 140 + 10
2
20 = 150
= [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 480

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

18. a = 50, d = 2 6
(b) a = 2, r =
Tn = 0 2
=3
a + (n 1)d = 0
50 + (n 1)(2) = 0 Tn = 4 374
n 1 = 25 arn 1 = 4 374
n = 26 (2)(3)n 1 = 4 374
Jumlah jarak = 26 400 3n 1 = 2 187
= 10 400 m = 37
n 1 = 7
n = 8
19. (a) r = 3
1 14
(b) r = 22. (a) a = 7, r =
2 7
(c) Bukan janjang geometri
=2
rn 1
1 8
20. (a) a = , r =
2 2
Sn = a 1r1 2
=4 210 1
T6 = ar5 1
S10 = 7
21 2
1 = 7 161
= (4)5
2
= 512 2
(b) a = 4, r =
4 4
(b) a = 8, r = 1
8 =
2
1
=
2 1 rn
T6 = ar 5
S10 = a
1r1 2
1 5 1 10

3 4
= (8) 1 2
2
1
2 1 2
= (4)
1 1
= 1
4 2
1.2 1 10
(c) a = 0.6, r =
0.6
3 1 24
= 8 1
2
= 2 127
= 7
T6 = ar5 128
= 0.6 (2)5
24
= 19.2 23. a = 8, r =
8
=3
5
21. (a) a = 10, r = Hasil tambah di antara sebutan ke-5 dan ke-10
10
1 = S9 S5
= 39 1 35 1
2
1 2 1
= 8 8
31 31 2
5
Tn = = 4(39 1) 4(35 1)
128
= 78 728 968
5 = 77 760
arn 1 =
128
1 n1 5 1
10
2 1 2
=
128 24. a = 1, r =
2
1 n1 1
1 2
= 1 9 1 3

3 1 2
4 3 1 2
4
2 256 1 1
2 2
1 8 S9 S3 = 1 1
=
2 1 2 1
1 1
1
1 2 1 2
2 2
n 1 = 8
n = 9

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

2 1 9 2 1 3 5
= 1
3 2 3 1 2 4 331 1 22 4 =
160
21 1
= =
256 32
1 5
10
25. r =
5
=
2 1 2
= 2 n = 5
T8 = 5
9
ar7 = 5 28. (a) a = 18, r =
18
a(2)7 = 5 1
5 =
a = 2
27
a
5 S =
= 1r
128
18
=
Jumlah 7 sebutan sebelum 5 1
1
= S7 2
5 27 1 = 36
=
128 1
21 2 4
635 (b) a = 12, r =
= 12
128 1
=
3
10
26. a = 5, r = a
5 S =
= 2 1r
12
Sn = 155 =
1
rn 1 1
1
a = 155
r1 2 3
3
2n 1
1
5 = 155 2 = 12
2 1 2
21
= 18
2n 1 = 31
2n = 32
= 25 29. a = 10, S = 20
n = 5 a
= 20
1r
5 10
27. a = 10, r = = 20
10 1r
1 1
= 1 r =
2 2
1
155 r = 1
Sn = 2
8 1
1 rn 155 =
1
a =
1r 8 2 2
1
1 n 30. r = , S = 40

3 4
1
2 1551 2 3
a
10 = = 40
1 8 1r
1
2 a
= 40
1 n 155 1
2 3 1 24
20 1 =
8
1
3
2
1 n 155 a = 40

21 2
1 =
160 80
3
=
1 n 155 3
122 = 1
160

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

p 2p 4r2 + 4r 3 = 0
31. (a) =
1 p (2r 1)(2r + 3) = 0
p2 = 2 p 1 3
r = ,
p2 + p 2 = 0 2 2
(p + 2)(p 1) = 0 1
Oleh sebab r > 0, maka r = .
p = 2, 1 2

Oleh sebab apabila p = 1 janjang geometri tidak 36. (a) S = 16

wujud, maka p = 2. a
= 16
1r
p a = 16(1 r) ....................... 1
(b) r =
1
2 T2 = 4
= ar = 4........................................... 2
1
= 2 Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2,
16(1 r)(r) = 4
32. 1, 2, 4, 16r 16r2 = 4
a = 1, r = 2 16r2 16r + 4 = 0
4r2 4r + 1 = 0
rn 1
1
S20 = a
r1 2 (2r 1)2 = 0
1
220 1 r =
= 1 1
21 2 2
1
= 1 048 575 Gantikan r = ke dalam 1,
2
1
33. 2, 6, 18,
a = 16 1 1
2 2
a = 2, r = 3 = 8
310 1 1
1
S10 = 2
31 2 Maka, nisbah sepunya = dan sebutan pertama
2
= RM59 048 = 8.
(b) T5 = ar4
34. T2 = 10
1 4
ar = 10................................................. 1 = 8 1 22
T5 = 80 1
ar 4 = 80............................................... 2 =
2
2 ar4 80
, = 37. (a) 2, 4, 8, 16,
1 ar 10
r3 = 8 Luas bulatan ke-2 42 = 4
=
r = 2 Luas bulatan pertama 22
Gantikan r = 2 ke dalam 1, Luas bulatan ke-3 82
= =4
a=5 Luas bulatan ke-2 42

T3 = ar2 Oleh sebab mempunyai nisbah sepunya,

= 5 (2)2 r = 4, maka luas bulatan membentuk satu janjang
= 20 geometri.
(b) Luas bulatan ke-7 = j2
35. T2 + T3 = 15 dengan j ialah jejari untuk bulatan ke-7.
ar + ar2 = 15
a(r + r2) = 15..................................... 1 j = T7 = aj6
4 6
a = 20................................................. 2 =2
2 1 2
Gantikan 2 ke dalam 1, = 27 m
20(r + r2) = 15 Luas bulatan ke-7 = j2
3
r + r2 = = (214)
4 = 16 384 m2

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

a = 3m 5................................ 1
S5 = 5m + 4
5
(2a + 4d) = 5m + 4
1. d = (5) (8) 2
=3 5a + 10d = 5m + 4
S4 = 96 5a + 10(3) = 5m + 4
n 5a = 5m 26......................... 2
[2a + (n 1)d] = 96
2
4 Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2,
[2a + (4 1)3] = 96 5(3m 5) = 5m 26
2
2a + 9 = 48 15m 25 = 5m 26
2a = 39 15m 5m = 26 + 25
10m = 1
39
a = 1
2 m =
10
Maka, empat sebutan berturutan ialah
39 45 51 57 6. Biarkan Sn . 0
, , , .
2 2 2 2 n
[2a + (n 1)d] . 0,
2
2. 210 8 10 dengan a = 51 dan d = 3
= RM130 n
[2(51) + (n 1)(3)] 0
2
3. (a) (2k 9) (k 2) = (k + 2) (2k 9) n
(102 + 3n 3) 0
2k 9 k + 2 = k + 2 2k + 9 2
n
k 7 = k + 11 (3n 105) 0
2
2k = 18
3
k = 9 n(n 35) 0
2
(b) a = k 2
= 9 2
= 7
0 35
d = (2k 9) (k 2)
= (18 9) (9 2)
n 0, n 35
= 97
= 2 Maka, bilangan sebutan yang minimum ialah 36.
n
S10 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
10 p
= [2(7) + (10 1)(2)] 3x + 2
2 7. =
3x + 2 10
= 5(32)
= 160 (3x + 2)2
p =
10
4. (a) a = 4
d = 6 (4)
= 2 8. 0.181818 = 0.18 + 0.0018 + 0.000018 +
0.0018
(b) S34 S4 a = 0.18, r =
0.18
34 4
= [2(4) + (34 1)(2)] [2(4) = 0.01
2 2 a
+ (4 1)(2)] 0.181818 =
1r
= 17(74) 2(14)
0.18
= 1 230 =
1 0.01
2
5. T3 = 1 + 3m =
11
a + 2d = 1 + 3m
a + 2(3) = 1 + 3m

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

12 Gantikan r = 2 ke dalam 1,
9. (a) a = 3, r =
3 a(2) = 1
=4 1
a =
Nisbah sepunya = 4 2

(b) Sn = 65 535 1 rn
r 1 n 1
(b) S10 = a
1r 2
1
a = 65 535
r1 2 1 1 (2)10
4n 1 = 3 4
1
3 = 65 535
41 2 2 1 (2)
1

= [1 (2)10]
4n = 65 536 6
= 48 1 023
=
n = 8 6
= 170.5
10. (a) T2 = 3
ar = 3.......................................... 1 3
3 12.(a) Sn = n[n 3]
T4 = 2
4
3 Sebutan ke-6, T6 = S6 S5
ar3 = ........................................ 2 3 3
4 = 6[6 3] 5[5 3]
3 2 2

2 ar3 4 54 30
, ar = =
1 3 2 2
1 = 12
r = 2
4
1 (b) Hasil tambah dari sebutan ke-3 hingga sebutan
r =
2 ke-6
1 = S6 S2
Oleh sebab r . 0, maka r = .
2
3 3 2[2 3]
1 = 6 [6 3]
(b) Gantikan r = ke dalam 1, 2 2
2
54 6
3 =+
a = 2 2
1
= 30
2
= 6
1 1
a 13. a = , r =
S = x x
1r
6 S = x 1
=
1 a
1 = x 1
2 1r
= 12 1

x
= x 1
11. (a) T2 = 1 x 1

ar = 1............................................ 1 x
1 x
T3 + T4 = 2
x x1

1 21
= x 1
2
ar2 + ar3 = 2 1
ar(r + r2) = 2................................ 2 = x 1
x1
Gantikan 1 ke dalam 2, (x 1)2 = 1
1(r + r2) = 2
r + r2 = 2 x 1 = 1
r2 + r 2 = 0 x = 1 + 1
(r + 2)(r 1) = 0 = 0, 2
r = 2, 1 1
Oleh sebab r , 0, maka r = 2. Maka, x = 2 sebab apabila x = 0, tidak wujud.
0

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

14. 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, , p 4

L2 xy
(a) Janjang aritmetik dengan a = 1.2 dan 9
=
d = 1.5 1.2 L1 xy
= 0.3 m 4
=
(b) p = T5 = 2.1 + 0.3 9
= 2.4 m 16
xy
L3 81
(c) T10 = a + 9d =
= 1.2 + 9 0.3 L2 4
xy
= 3.9 m 9
16 9
=
81 4
15. Bank A:
4
Jumlah pulangan selepas 5 tahun = arn 1 =
= 10 000 (1.04)20 1 9
= RM21 068 Oleh sebab nisbah adalah sepunya, maka luas segi
empat tepat membentuk satu janjang geometri
Bank B: dengan nisbah sepunya 4.
Jumlah pulangan selepas 5 tahun 9
5 (b) (i) L1 = xy
1
= 10 000 20 + 10 000
100 2 = 4 9
= RM20 000 = 36
4
Maka, Aminah akan memilih bank A. L2 = xy
9
4
= 36
16. (a) 1, 3, 5, , 401 9
a = 1, d = 2 = 16
Tn = 401 16
L3 = xy
a + (n 1)d = 401 81
1 + (n 1)(2) = 401 16
= 36
400 81
(n 1) = 1
2 = 7
9
n = 201
Tinggi ialah 201 3 = 603 cm Tn = arn 1
13 4 n1
n
(b) Sn = [2a + (n 1)d] 3 = 36
81 9 1 2
2
256 4 n1
S201 =
201

2
[2 1 + (200)2] = 36
81 9 1 2
201 64 4 n1
= (402)
2
=
729 9 1 2
= 201 201 4 3 4 n1
= 40 401
=
9 1 2 1 2
9
n 1 = 3
17. (a) n = 4
Pertama Kedua Ketiga
13
2 4 Maka, luas segi empat ke-4 ialah 3 m2.
x x x 81
3 9 a
(ii) S =
2 4 1r
y y y
3 9 36
=
4
1
L1 = Luas segi empat tepat pertama = xy 9
4 9
L2 = Luas segi empat tepat kedua = xy = 36
9 5
16 324
L3 = Luas segi empat tepat ketiga = xy = m2
81 5

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

18. (a) x, x + y, x + 2y, 2. 7 , 9, 11, , 199

a = x, d = y a = 7, d = 2
Diberi T6 = 200 Tn = 199
a + 5d = 200 a + (n 1)d = 199
x + 5(y) = 200 7 + (n 1)2 = 199
x + 5y = 200............................ 1 192
n 1 =
2
dan S12 = 2 520
= 96
n n = 97
[2a + (n 1)d] = 2 520
2
12 97
(2x + 11y) = 2 520 S97 = (7 + 199)
2 2
2x + 11y = 420.............. 2 = 9 991

1 2, 2x + 10y = 400............... 3
3. (3 x) (20) = 16 (3 x)
2 3, y = 20 3 x + 20 = 16 + 3 + x
Gantikan y = 20 ke dalam 1, 17 x = 13 + x
x + 5(20) = 200 2x = 30
x = 100 x = 15

(b) Tn bagi Encik Ali = Tn bagi Encik Tan
100 + (n 1)20 = 200 + (n 1)10 4. x 2x2 = (3x 10) x
100 + 20n 20 = 200 + 10n 10
x 2x2 = 2x 10
10n = 110
n = 11 2x + x 10 = 0
2

(2x + 5)(x 2) = 0
10x 1 5
19. (a) = x = , x = 2
20x 2 2
5x 1 Oleh sebab x . 0, maka x = 2.
=
10x 2
Maka, ia adalah satu janjang geometri.
(b) Jujukan ialah satu janjang geometri kerana setiap 5. Tn = 15 3n
1 a = T1
sebutan berturutan mempunyai nisbah sepunya .
2 = 15 3(1)
a = 12
(c) S =
1r T10= 15 3(10)
20x = 15
40 =
1 n
1 Sn = (a + l)
2 2
40 = 40x 10
x = 1 S10 = [12 + (15)]
2
= 5(3)
= 15

Soalan Ramalan
6. 2y + 3 2x = 5y + 1 (2y + 3)
1. (a) a = 24, d = 4
= 5y + 1 2y 3
T10 = a + 9d
2y + 3 2x = 3y 2
= 24 + 9(4)
= 12 3y 2y = 3 2x + 2
y = 5 2x
30
(b) S30 = [2(24) + (30 1)(4)]
2

= 15(68)
= 1 020

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

2
7. (a) T10 = ar
9
12. a = 4, r =
4
1
1
= (2)9
2 2 =
1
2
= 256
a
1 rn S =
1
(b) S10 = a
1r 2 1r
4
=
1 1 (2)10 1
=
2 1
1 (2)23 4 1
2
1 =8
= 170
2
1
8. r = 1
3 13. = 0.0833333
t
S = 30 = 0.08 + 0.003 + 0.0003 + 0.00003 +
a a
= 30 = 0.08 +
1r 1r
0.003
a = 0.08 +
= 30 1 0.1
1
1 0.003
3 = 0.08 +
0.9
a 1
= 30 =
2
12
3 t = 12
2
a = 30
3
= 20 14. 0.090909...
= 0.09 + 0.0009 + 0.000009 +
1 a
=
x 2 1r
9. = 0.09
2 x =
1 0.01
x2 = 1
1
x = 1 =
11

Oleh sebab x . 0, maka x = 1.
1
15. = 0.166666
p
10. Tn = 729 = 0.1 + 0.06 + 0.006 + 0.0006 +
a
= 0.1 +
ar = 729
n1
1r

1 0.06
1 2
(3)n 1 = 729
3
= 0.1 +
1 0.1
(3)n 1 = 2 187 0.06
= 0.1 +
0.9
= (3)7 1
n 1 = 7 =
6
n = 8
Maka, a = 0.06, b = 0.006 dan p = 6.
5x 3
7x + 27 4 4
11. = 16. (a) p = q + 4 + + +
x 5x 3
5 25
(5x 3)2 = 7x2 + 27x 4
25x2 30x + 9 = 7x2 + 27x
5
18x2 57x + 9 = 0 r =
(18x 3)(x 3) = 0 4
1
3 =
x = , 3 5
18
4 1
=
Oleh sebab x ialah integer, maka x = 3. q 5
q = 20

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12

 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

1 19. T10 = 7T1

(b) a = 20, r =
5 a + 9d = 7a
p = S 6a = 9d
a 3
= a = d
1r 2
20
=
1 20. a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d,
1
5
S20 = 570
5
= 20 20
4 [2a + (20 1)d] = 570
= 25 2
2a + 19d = 57.................................1

17. T1 + T2 = 28 Hasil tambah nombor genap:

a + ar = 28 S10 = 300
a(1 + r) = 28........................................ 1 10
[2(a + d) + (10 1)(2d)] = 300
T2 + T3 = 14 2
ar + ar2 = 14 2a + 2d + 18d = 60
a(r + r2) = 14..................................... 2 2a + 20d = 60...................2
2 1, d = 3
2 a(r + r2) 14
, = Gantikan d = 3 ke dalam 1,
1 a(1 + r) 28
1 2a + 19(3) = 57
r(1 + r)
= 2a = 57 57
1+r 2
a = 0
1
r = T10 = a + 9d
2
= 0 + 9(3)
1
Gantikan r = ke dalam 1, = 27
2
1
1
a 1 = 28
2 2 21.
x
=
x2
a = 28 2 2x + 3 x
= 56 x2 = (x 2)(2x + 3)
1 r6 = 2x2 x 6
1
S6 = a
1r
2 x2 x 6 = 0
1 6 (x 3)(x + 2) = 0

3 1 2
4
1 x = 3, 2
2
= 56
1 3 1
1
2 1 2 Apabila x = 3, jujukan ialah 9, 3, 1 dan r = =
9 3
2
1 6 Apabila x = 2, jujukan ialah 1, 2, 4 dan r = = 2

3 1 2
4
1 1
2
= 56 Oleh sebab 1 , r , 1 untuk kewujudan S,
3 1

2 maka r = .
3
= 36.75
a
S =
18. Sn = n(6 n) 1r
(a) T3 = S3 S2 9
=
= 3(6 3) 2(6 2) 1
1
= 9 8 3
= 1 9
=
2
(b) S10 S5
3
= 10(6 10) 5(6 5) 3
= 40 5 =9
2
= 45 27
=
2

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

22. a = 121 25. Lilitan bulatan:

d = 116 121 2j, 2(j + 1), 2(j + 2),
= 5
T2 T1 = 2(j + 1) 2j
Biarkan Tn , 0 = 2
a + (n 1)d , 0
121 + (n 1)(5) , 0 T3 T2 = 2(j + 2) 2(j + 1)
(n 1)(5) , 121 = 2j + 4 2j 2
121 = 2
n 1 .
5 Oleh sebab T2 T1 = T3 T2, maka lilitan bulatan
121 membentuk satu janjang aritmetik.
n . + 1
5
n . 25.2 Luas:
j2, (j + 1)2, (j + 2)2,
Maka, sebutan pertama yang mempunyai nilai negatif
ialah sebutan ke-26. T2 T1 = (j + 1)2 j2
= (j2 + 2j + 1) j2
23. 8, 10, 12, , 200 = j2 + 2j + j2
a = 8, d = 10 8 = 2j +
=2 T3 T2 = (j + 2)2 (j + 1)2
Biarkan Tn = 200 = (j2 + 4j + 4) (j2 + 2j + 1)
a + (n 1)d = 200 = j2 + 4j + 4 j2 2j
8 + (n 1)(2) = 200 = 2j + 3
(n 1)(2) = 200 8
192 Oleh sebab T2 T1 T3 T2, maka luas bulatan bukan
n 1 =
2 satu J.A..
= 96
n = 97 Untuk lilitan bulatan,
a = 2j, d = 2
Hasil tambah untuk semua nombor genap,
n Jumlah panjang lilitan bagi 5 bulatan pertama
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d] 5
2
= [2(2j) + 4(2)]
97 2
S97 = [2(8) + 96 2] 5
2 = (4j + 8)
= 10 088 2
5
= 4(j + 2)
2
24. T4 = 10 = 10(j + 2) unit
a + 3d = 10.............................1
T10 = 34
a + 9d = 34.............................2
2 1, 6d = 24 26. Diberi T2 = 5
d = 4 ar = 5..................... 1

Gantikan d = 4 ke dalam 1, 5
T5 =
a + (3 4) = 10 8
5
a = 2 ar = ................... 2
4
8
Biarkan Tn = 306 5
a + (n 1)d = 306
2 ar4 8
2 + (n 1)(4) = 306 , =
1 ar 5
(n 1)(4) = 308 1
n 1 = 77 r3 =
8
n = 78 1
r =
Oleh sebab n ialah integer, maka 306 ialah sebutan 2
dalam janjang.

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 14

 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

1 28. 200, 400, 800,

Gantikan r = ke dalam 1,
2 Ia adalah J.G. dengan a = 200 dan r = 2.
a Biarkan Sn . 1 000 000
= 5
2
rn 1
a = 10 1 2
a . 1 000 000
r1
a 2n 1
S =
1r 1 2
200 . 1 000 000
21
10
= 2n 1 . 5 000
1
1 2n . 5 001
2
n log10 2 . log10 5 001
= 20
log10 5 001
n .
log10 2
27. Diberi S = 120 n . 12.29
a Maka, dalam 13 hari, semua wang akan dibelanjakan.
= 120
1r
80
= 120
1r
80
1 r = 29. 3, 9, 27,
120
2 a = 3, r = 3
=
3 Biarkan Sn . 500
2
r = 1 rn 1
1
3 1 2
a . 500
r1
=
3 3n 1
1 2
3 . 500
31
Biarkan Sn . 118 2
3n 1 . 500
1 rn 3
1 1r 2
a . 118 1 000
3 . + 1
n
3
1 n
1 2
3 4
1 1 003
3 3n .
80 . 118 3
1
1 1 003
3 log10 3 . log10
n
3
1 n 118 2
1 2
1 .
3 80 3 1
1 003
n log10 3 . log10 2
3
1 n 59
1 2
1 .
3 60
log10 1 003 log10 3
n .
log10 3
59 1 n
1 .
60 1 2
3 n . 5.29
1 1 n Maka, 6 hari diperlukan untuk menghasilkan lebih
.
60 1 2
3 500 sel.
1 1 n
1 2
log10 . log10
60 1 2
3
log10 1 log10 60 . n(log10 1 log10 3)
0 log10 60 . n(log10 3) 30. (a) 200, 180, 160,
. n log10 3 Tn = 0
log10 60 a + (n 1)d = 0
, n 200 + (n 1)(20) = 0
log10 3 200
n 1 =
,n
3.727 20
= 10
Maka, bilangan sebutan yang minimum ialah 4. n = 11

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

(b) Jumlah jarak yang dilalui (b) 2S19 + T20

11 19
= [2(200) + 10(20)]
2
3
= 2 [2(98) + 18(2) + 60
2 4
= 19(160) + 60
11
= (400 200) = 3 100 cm
2
= 1 100 m
34. (a) 2, 4, 6, 8, (tinggi)
a = 2, d = 2
31. (a) Janjang I: 1, 1 + d, 1 + 2d,
T25 = a + 24d
Janjang II: A, A + 2, A + 4, A + 6,
= 2 + 24(2)
1 = A + 6
= 2 + 48
A = 5
= 50
Maka, sebutan pertama bagi janjang aritmetik II Maka, tinggi sisi ke-25 ialah 50 cm.
ialah 5.
1
(b) L1 = 2 (2 + 4)
(b) S4 = 22 2

4 =6
[2(1) + (4 1)d] = 22
2 1
2 + 3d = 11 L2 = 2 (4 + 6)
2
3d = 9 = 10
d = 3 1
L3 = 2 (6 + 8)
2
32. (a) (i) T6 = 15 = 14
a + 5d = 15.......................... 1 a = 6, d = 4
T10 = 23 Hasil tambah luas bagi 10 trapezium pertama
a + 9d = 23......................... 2 10
= [2(6) + 9(4)]
2 1, 4d = 8 2
d = 2 = 240 cm2
Gantikan d = 2 ke dalam 1,
a + 10 = 15 35. (a) (i) T2 = x2
a = 5 ar = x2................................. 1
15 x4
(ii) S15 = [2(5) + (15 1)(2)] T3 =
2 16
15 x4
= (38) ar = ............................. 2
2
2 16
= 285 x4
2 ar 2
16
Tn = 405 , =
(b) 1 ar x2
a + (n 1)d = 405 x2
5 + (n 1)(2) = 405 r =
16
(n 1)(2) = 400
n 1 = 200 x2 x2
(ii) r = = 1 atau r = = 0
n = 201 16 16
Oleh sebab n ialah integer, ini menunjukkan x2 = 16 x=0
bahawa 405 ialah salah satu sebutan dalam x = 4
janjang. Maka, nilai-nilai x ialah 0, 4, 4.
(b) (i) 5x (x + 5) = (8x 3) 5x
33. (a) 98, 96, 94, 4x 5 = 3x 3
a = 98 cm, d = 2 cm x = 2
T20 = a + 19d (ii) Apabila x = 2,
= 98 + 19(2) x + 5 = 7
= 60 cm 5x = 10
8x 3 = 13
[d=3

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 16

 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

a = T4 (b) Sn bagi J.A. = T4 bagi J.G.

= 13 + 3 n
[2(3) + (n 1)2] = 3 (2)3
= 16 2
10 n
S10 = [2(16) + 9(3)] (6 + 2n 2) = 24
2 2
n
= 5(32 + 27) (4 + 2n) = 24
2
= 5(59)
2n + n2 = 24
= 295
n2 + 2n 24 = 0
(n + 6)(n 4) = 0
36. (a) a = T1 = 2, n = 10
n = 4, 6
S10 = 155 Oleh sebab n ialah bilangan sebutan, maka n = 4.
10
[2(2) + 9d] = 155
2
4 + 9d = 31
39. (a) 10, 13, 16, 19, ialah jejari bagi sektor-sektor
9d = 27
dalam janjang aritmetik.
d = 3
a = 10, d = 3
Bahagian terpanjang = T10
= a + 9d Andaikan jejari untuk sektor ke-n = Tn.
= 2 + 9(3) Tn = 10 + (n 1)3
= 29 = 7 + 3n
Bahagian terpanjang ialah 29 cm. Maka, jejari untuk sektor ke-n ialah 7 + 3n.

10 5 (b) Diberi luas sektor bagi sektor ke-n = 512 cm2

(b) S10 S5 = [2(2) + 9(3)] [2(2) + 4(3)] 1
2 2 j2u = 512
5 2
= 5(31) (16)
2 1
= 115 2 41 2
(7 + 3n)2 = 512
Jumlah panjang 5 potongan terakhir ialah 115 cm. 8
(7 + 3n)2 = 512

10 = 4 096
37. a = 5, r = 7 + 3n = 64
5
= 2 3n = 57
n = 19
Sn . 1 000
rn 1
1 r1 2
a . 1 000 1 2 1 2 1 2
(c) 10
4 ,13 4 ,16 4 , ialah panjang lengkok
2 n
1 10 5
1 2
5 . 1 000
21
bagi sektor dalam J.A dengan a = = dan
4 2
2n 1 . 200 3
d = .
2n . 201 4
log10 2n . log10 201 Hasil tambah 20 panjang lengkok yang pertama
n
n log10 2 . log10 201 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
log10 201
n . 20 5 3
log10 2 2 231 2
= 2 + 19
4 1 24
n . 7.65 57
Maka, nilai terkecil bagi n = 8.
1
= 10 5 +
4 2
77
1
= 10
4 2
38. (a) J.G.: T1 = a = 3, r
J.A.: T1 = a = 3, d = r 385
= cm
2
T5 untuk janjang geometri = 48
ar4 = 48
3r4 = 48
r4 = 16
r = 2
Oleh sebab r . 0, maka r = 2.

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

40. (a) Diberi T30 = 99 n2 + 13n 90 = 0

a + 29d = 99.............................1 (n + 18)(n 5) = 0
S3 = 45 n = 5,
3 n = 18 ditolak kerana n . 0.
(2a + 2d) = 45

2 Maka, bilangan semibulatan ialah 5.
3a + 3d = 45
a + d = 15..........................2 42. Ali:
1 2, 28d = 84 100, 102, 104, (Janjang aritmetik a = 100, d = 2)
84 n
d = Jumlah simpanan, Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
28 2
= 3 30
S30 = [2(100) + 29(2)]
Gantikan d = 3 ke dalam 2, 2
a + 3 = 15 = RM3 870
a = 12
Maka, panjang untuk bahagian terpendek ialah Baba:
12 cm. 100, 110, 121, (Janjang geometri a = 100, r = 110%
= 1.1)
(b) p = S30 r n
1
30
Jumlah simpanan, Sn = a 3
r1 4
= [2(12) + 29(3)]
2 1.130 1
= 15(24 + 87)
S30 = 100 3
1.1 1 4
= 1 665 = RM16 449
Beza simpanan = RM16 449 RM3 870
= RM12 579
41. (a) j, j + 1, j + 2, ialah jejari bagi semibulatan
yang membentuk satu janjang aritmetik.
a = j cm, d = 1 cm Soalan Cabaran A+
( j), ( j + 1), (j + 2), ialah lilitan bagi
semibulatan yang membentuk satu janjang 1. (a) Zarah P: 10, 12, 14, 16,
aritmetik. Jarak yang dilalui oleh P
a = j, d = = Jarak yang dilalui oleh Q + 100
Diberi jumlah lilitan bulatan bagi 8 semibulatan n
[2 10 + (n 1)(2)] = 9n + 100
pertama = 84 2
n n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 84 (20 + 2n 2) = 9n + 100
2 2
8 n
(2j + 7) = 84 (18 + 2n) = 9n + 100
2 2
2j + 7 = 21 9n + n2 = 9n + 100
2j + 7 = 21 n2 = 100
2j = 14 n = 10
j = 7
(b) Jarak yang dilalui oleh P = 9 10 + 100
Maka, jejari bagi semibulatan paling kecil ialah = 190 m
7 cm.
2. (a) 2, 1.8, 1.6, 1.4,
(b) Biarkan Sn = 45
n a = 2, d = 0.2
[2a + (n 1)d] = 45
2 Tn = 0
n a + (n 1)d = 0

[2j + (n 1)] = 45
2 2 + (n 1)(0.2) = 0
n 2
[2(7) + (n 1)] = 45
2 n 1 =
n 0.2
(14 + n 1) = 45 = 10
2
n n = 11
(13 + n) = 45
2 Masa yang diambil ialah 11 saat.
13n + n2 = 90

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 Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 12

11 Pada lantunan balik ke-5 = T5

(b) S11 = [2(2) + 10(0.2)]
2 = ar4
11 1 4
= (4 2)
2
=5
21 2
= 11 cm 5
=
Maka, h = 11. 16
5
Jarak yoyo daripada jari budak = 10
3. (a) 2, 6, 18, 54, 16
11
Asas ialah janjang geometri dengan a = 2, r = 3 = 9 cm
16
T10 = ar9
= 2(3)9 a
(b) S =
= 39 366 1r
5
Nilai untuk sebutan ke-10 =
1
= 39 3662 1
2
= 1 549 681 956 = 10
S = 10 ialah jumlah jarak melantun ke arah atas
(b) (i) 4x x = 3x
sahaja. Oleh sebab jarak melantun ke atas dan
7x 4x = 3x
turun ke bawah adalah sama, maka jumlah jarak
Maka, indeks membentuk satu janjang yang dilalui = 2 10
aritmetik. = 20 cm
(ii) a = x, d = 3x
10 6. Untuk tinggi:
S10 = [2x + 9(3x)] 20, 18, 16, ialah satu janjang aritmetik dengan
2
T1 = 20 dan d = 2
= 5(2x + 27x)
= 145x Tinggi bagi silinder ke-6 = a + 5d
= 20 + 5(2)
4. (a) 10, 12, 14, 16, ialah jarak dalam m yang dilalui = 20 10
setiap saat oleh zarah P yang membentuk satu = 10
janjang aritmetik. Untuk diameter:
a = 10, d = 2 5
10, 5, , ialah janjang geometri dengan
Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah P selepas t saat, 2
t 1
St = [2(10) + (t 1)2] a = 10, r =
2 2
t Diameter bagi silinder ke-6, T6 = ar5
= (20 + 2t 2)
2
1 5
t
= (18 + 2t) 1 2
= 10
2
2
10
= t(9 + t) m =
32
Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah Q dalam t saat ialah 5
8t m. =
16
Maka, t(9 + t) + 8t = 60 Luas bulatan bagi silinder ke-6
9t + t2 + 8t 60 = 0 d 2
t2 + 17t 60 = 0 =
2 1 2
(t 3)(t + 20) = 0
5


t = 3,
t = 20 ditolak kerana t > 0.
1
= 2
16 2 2
25
(b) Jarak yang dilalui oleh zarah P = 3(9 + 3) = cm2
1 024
= 36 m
Isi padu bagi silinder ke-6
25
5. (a) 5, 2.5, 1.25, ialah tinggi yang dilantun balik 1
= (10)
1 024 2
oleh yoyo dalam proses berterusan membentuk
1 125
satu janjang geometri dengan a = 5, r = . = cm3
2 512

19 Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.