30.09.

2017 TOS-1 - Wikipedia

TOS-1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TOS-1 (Russian: (-1),

-1
Heavy Flamethrower System) is a Soviet 220mm 30-barrel
(original system, Ob.634 or TOS-1M) or 24-barrel TOS-1 Buratino
(Ob.634B or TOS-1A) multiple rocket launcher and
thermobaric weapon mounted on a T-72 tank chassis. TOS-1
was designed for defeating enemy personnel in
fortifications, in open country, and in lightly armoured
vehicles and transport. First combat tests took place in
19881989 in the Panjshir Valley during the Soviet war in
Afghanistan. The TOS-1 was shown for the first time in
public in 1999 in Omsk.

TOS-1 is not assigned to the artillery units of the Russian

Armed Forces but is found in Russian CBRN defense units
RKhBZ (Russian: a , S-1A Russian 24-barrel multiple rocket
( ), Radiological, launcher
Chemical and Biological Defence Troops).[2] That is why it Type Multiple rocket launcher
does not have a GRAU index, but rather an RKhBZ index
Place of origin Soviet Union
O.1.01.00.
Service history
In service 1988present
Contents Used by Soviet Union, Russian
Federation, Azerbaijan
1 Development Wars Soviet-Afghan War
2 Combat history
3 System description Nagorno-Karabakh
4 Operators conflict
4.1 Current operators Second Chechen War
4.2 Former operators Iraqi Civil War (2014-
5 References present),[1]
6 External links Syrian Civil War
Production history

Development Designer Omsk Transmash Design

Bureau
The idea of a heavy short-range MLRS to launch rockets Designed 1988
equipped with incendiary and thermobaric warheads arose in Produced 1987present
the late 1970s. The combat system consisting of the combat
vehicle, rockets, and loading vehicle was developed in early Variants TOS-1A
1980s at KBTM in Omsk and was named TOS-1, remaining Specifications
a secret development for a long time. Weight 45.3 t (100,000 lb)
The TOS-1 is intended to engage military personnel, Length 9.5 m (31 ft 2 in)
equipment, and buildings, including fortified constructions. Width 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in)
The combat vehicle acts within the combat order of infantry
and tanks. The large mass of the launcher and the need for a Height 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in)
high-level of protection (due to the relatively short range of Crew 3
3,500 m (11,500 ft)) helped determine the use of the chassis
of the T-72 main battle tank. The TZM reloading vehicle
Caliber 220 mm (8.7 in)

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was built on the chassis of a KrAZ-255B cross-country truck Rate of fire 30 rounds/15 s
and equipped with a crane for loading/unloading of the Effective firing range 5003,500 m (TOS-1)
launcher.
6,000 m (TOS-1A)
In 2001, the improved TOS-1A system entered service. The
improved system's range has been extended to 6 kilometers Engine V-84 Diesel
and its ballistic computer has been upgraded. 840 hp (630 kW)

The nickname "Buratino" originates with the name of the Operational 550 km (340 mi)
range
hero of a Russian retelling of the Pinocchio tale (by Alexey
Tolstoy), given the perception of the big "nose" of the Speed 60 km/h (37 mph)
launcher.

In September 2016, Russia was developing a new rocket for the TOS-1A with range increased to 10 km,
achieved in part by a new FAE mixture. However, minimum range is extended from 400 m to 1.6 km, so the
shorter-range M0.1.01.04M rocket will be retained for close combat environments.[3]

Combat history
TOS-1s were first used in combat[4] in Afghanistans Panjshir valley by
the Soviet Union during the Soviet-Afghan War.[5][6]

Later, they were used during the Second Chechen War, prominently by
the Russian Army during the Battle of Grozny in 1999.[7]

TOS-1As were first used in combat in Iraq in the recapture of Jurf Al

Sakhar on October 24, 2014 from ISIL forces.[8]
Heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A in
The OSCE reported in September 2015 that the TOS-1 was sighted in a action
rebel training area in eastern Ukraine.[9]

The TOS-1 was used in Syria on October 10, 2015 by Syrian Army forces against rebel forces in Hama.[10][11]

Azerbaijan used the TOS-1A against the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army on April 4, 2016.[12]

In 2016 it was used against rebel forces in the Latakia mouintains.[13]

It was used again by the Syrian Army in April 2017 in the area of Palmyra[14], and later that same month to
destroy an ISIS camp.[15]

The Iraqi Army used three TOS-1 missiles on 18 June 2017 during the first day of an offensive to recapture the
Old City of Mosul, Iraq, from the Islamic State, targeting school buildings held by Islamic State forces and
known to be devoid of civilians.[16]

System description
The TOS-1A Solntsepyok (Russian: , Blazing Sun, Sunheat) system consists of the following
items:[17][18]

The "combat vehicle" BM-1 (Russian: ) (Ob.634B) based on a modified T-72A chassis
and fitted with a rotating launch system for 24 unguided thermobaric rockets. All rockets can be launched
within 6 to 12 seconds. The launch vehicle is equipped with a fire control system with a ballistic
computer, aiming sight and 1D14 laser range finder. The other standard equipment consists of a TKN-3A
sight for the commander, a GPK-59 navigation system, an R-163-50U radio station, an R-174 intercom
and a 902G smoke grenade launcher with four barrels. The 3-man crew is armed with one AKS-74, one
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RPKS-74, three RPG-26s, and 10 F-1 hand grenades. The BM-1 is fitted with the same equipment as the
T-72 tank (NBC protection, fire-fighting, observation etc.).
Two TZM-T (Russian: - ) (Ob.563) re-supply vehicles, fitted with a
10 kN crane. Each vehicle carries 2x12 spare rockets and 400 litres of fuel for the BM-1 and has a
combat weigh of 39 t (86,000 lb). The TZM-T has a crew of three, armed with two AKS-74s, one RPKS-
74, five RPG-26s, and 10 F-1 hand grenades.
A set of rockets NURS (Russian: ) MO.1.01.04 and MO.1.01.04M.
These are 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) and 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) long and weigh 173 kg (381 lb) and 217 kg (478 lb)
respectively. The original rocket for the TOS-1A had a range of only 2,700 m (8,900 ft), but the
improved version extends the range to 6,000 m (20,000 ft). Some sources say its range is 12 km.[19] The
system was modernized in 2016.[20]

Operators
Current operators

Azerbaijan 18[21][22]
Armenia - Part of Russian-
Armenian arms deal[23]
Iraq 12[24][25]
Kazakhstan 3[26]
Novorossiya 1. The OSCE
reported in September 2015 that the
TOS-1 was sighted in a rebel training
area in eastern Ukraine.[27]
Russia ~15[28] Map with TOS-1 operators in blue
Syria 1+[29]
Algeria [30] [31]

Former operators

Soviet Union Passed on to successor states.

References

1. "Iraq: See the EXPLOSIVE Russian firepower helping Iraqi forces fight IS" (https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=C1a755ybJbE). YouTube. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
2. http://www.otvaga2004.narod.ru/otvaga2004/caleidoscope/flamethrowers_1.htm Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20100214195833/http://www.otvaga2004.narod.ru/otvaga2004/caleidoscope/flamethrower
s_1.htm) February 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
3. Russia's TOS-1A 'Sunheat' Heavy Flamethrower Just Nearly Doubled Its Range (https://sputniknews.co
m/military/201609221045589469-TOS1A-extended-range/) - Sputniknews.com, 22 September 2016
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=euWFB3nRXxE
5. http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a17324/the-scariest-soviet-tank-mounted-rocket-
launcher-ever-will-blow-you-up-now/
6. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/tos-1.htm
7. https://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-chechen-wars-cast-a-long-shadow-7b058a84ffe9
8. Salami, Jassem Al. "Led by an Armored Bulldozer, Shia Militia Fought to Restore Their Credibility" (htt
ps://medium.com/war-is-boring/led-by-an-armored-bulldozer-shia-militia-fought-to-restore-their-credibil
ity-8a6467a29174). War is Boring. Medium.com. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
9. Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets OSCE (http://www.bbc.com/news/world-euro
pe-34425454)
10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fUgOJpuf50
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11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWdNdHB4BCk
12. "For the first time Azerbaijan has used heavy flamethrower systems" (http://azeridaily.com/reality/1775
8). AZERI DAILY. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cf5RzijSRs
14. http://vpk-news.ru/news/36062 (in Russian)
15. https://www.liveleak.com/view?i=d6a_1492097056
16. Morris, Loveday, "Iraqi forces fight their way into the narrow streets of Mosuls historic center,"
washingtonpost.com, June 18, 2017, 2:02 p.m. EDT. (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_ea
st/they-will-fight-to-the-death-iraqi-forces-start-offensive-to-retake-last-area-of-mosul-held-by-militants/
2017/06/18/ca390f08-53f3-11e7-be25-3a519335381c_story.html)
17. http://www.military-today.com/artillery/tos_1a.htm
18. " -1" (http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/tos-1a/tos-
1a.shtml). Retrieved 23 December 2014.
19. https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/77/772837_russia-new-brigade-for-radiation-defence-formed-in-russia-
s.html
20. http://tass.com/defense/921184
21. : -1 -90
(http://www.vestnik-rm.ru/news-4-5037.htm) (in Russian). Retrieved 23 December 2014.
22. "APA Russia to deliver another batch of TOS-1A heavy flamethrowers to Azerbaijan in the near future"
(http://en.apa.az/xeber_russia_to_deliver_another_batch_of_tos-1_211838.html). Retrieved 23 December
2014.
23. http://www.janes.com/article/58187/russia-details-usd200-million-arms-sale-to-armenia
24. "bmpd" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140802224719/http://bmpd.livejournal.com/937199.html).
Archived from the original (http://bmpd.livejournal.com/937199.html) on 2 August 2014. Retrieved
23 December 2014.
25. http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2016/0921/101037163/detail.shtml
26. "TOS-1 multiple rocket launcher" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141218181744/http://www.bubblews.c
om/news/5388164-tos-1-multiple-rocket-launcher). Bubblews. Archived from the original (http://www.bu
bblews.com/news/5388164-tos-1-multiple-rocket-launcher) on 18 December 2014. Retrieved
23 December 2014.
27. Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets OSCE (http://www.bbc.com/news/world-euro
pe-34425454)
28. Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 info@warfare.ru. "TOS-1 Buratino Flamethrower | Russian Arms,
Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces" (http://warfare.be/?catid=353&linkid=1582&t
itle=tos-1-buratino-flamethrower). Warfare.ru. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
29. "Hier zerstrt Putins Hllenkanone eine Festung der Rebellen" (http://www.stern.de/digital/technik/raket
enwerfer-tos-1--putins-hoellenkanone-zerstoert-acht-haeuserblocks-auf-einmal-6504704.html) (in
German). STERN.de. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
30. https://www.forcesdz.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=1841. Missing or empty |title= (help)
31. http://xn--b1aga5aadd.xn--
p1ai/2017/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F3

External links
Video of the TOS-1 in action (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfacUxfJbFI) (in Russian)
GlobalSecurity profile (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/tos-1.htm)
FAS profile (http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/tos-1.htm)
TOS-1A article on Military Today (http://www.military-today.com/artillery/tos_1a.htm)
TOS-1 article on Military Today (http://www.military-today.com/artillery/tos1.htm)
Detailed article on Rbase (http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/tos-1a/tos-1a.shtml) (in Russian)
V. Kuzmin's photo blog about the 2010 Victory Parade in Moscow (http://vitalykuzmin.net/?q=node/294)
(in Russian)
Russia's TOS-1: Moscow's Most Powerful Weapon of War (That Isn't Nuclear) - National Interest (http://
nationalinterest.org/feature/russias-tos-1-moscows-most-powerful-weapon-war-isnt-nuclear-17567)

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