2.4.

SO SNH CC B
Cho a R = R{+, }, I R khong m cha a, khng gian
vect nh chun E.

2.4.1. Tnh tri, u th

nh ngha 1. Cho f : IE, : IR.
Ta ni f khng ng k trc , hoc u th trc f, ti ln cn
ca a, nu tn ti nh x : IR tho
t I : || f(t) || = (t).(t) & (t) t
0
a

Ta k hiu f hoc f(t) (t) (k hiu Hardy) hoc

a t a

f = o( ) hoc f(t) = o ( (t )) (k hiu Landau).

a t a

Ghi ch
(i) Nu t I \ {a}, (t) 0, th
f (t )
f = o( ) OE v nu (a) = 0, th f(a) = OE
a (t ) t a
(ii) f = o(1) lim f(t) = OE
a ta

nh ngha 2. Cho f : I E, : IR.

Ta ni f b tri trn bi ti ln cn ca a nu tn ti nh x
C: IR tho
C b chn trn I & || f(t) || = C(t).(t) t I
Ta k hiu f hoc f(t) (t) (k hiu Hardy) hoc
a ta

f = O( ) hoc f(t) = O ( (t )) (k hiu Landau).

a t a

Ghi ch
(i) Nu t I \ {a}, (t) 0, th
f (t )
f = O( ) b chn ln cn a.
a (t )
(ii) f = O (1) f(t) b chn ln cn a.
a

nh l 1. (tnh cht i s)
K hiu f, g: IE; , , u : I R, : IK, K, b R, J l tp
m cha b, h : JI.
(1) f = o( ) f = O( )
a a

(2) f = o( ) & g = o( ) f + g = o( )
a a a

(3) f = o( ) & b chn ln cn a .f = o( )

a a

(4) f = O( ) & g = O( ) f + g = O( )
a a a

(5) f = O( ) .f = O( )
a a

1
(6) = O ( ) & f = O( ) .f = O( . )
a a a

(7) = O ( ) & f = o( ) .f = o( . )
a a a

= o( ) & f = o( ) .f = o( . )
a a a

= o( ) & f = O( ) .f = o( . )
a a a

(8) f = O( ) & = O (u ) f = O (u )
a a a

(9) f = O( ) & = o(u ) f = o(u )

a a a

f = o( ) & = O (u ) f = o(u )
a a a

(10) f = O( ) & lim h(t) = a f h = O( h)

a t b b

(11) f = o( ) & lim h(t) = a f h = o( h)

a t b b

2.4.2. nh x tng ng
nh ngha 1. Cho f, g: IE. Ta ni f tng ng vi g ti ln cn
a, nu
f g = o(|| g ||)
a

v k hiu f ~ g, hoc f(t) ~ g(t).

a t a

nh l 1.
f ~ g f = O (|| g ||) & g = O(|| f ||)
a a a

Chng minh (bi tp)

nh l 2. Quan h ~ l quan h tng ng trn tp hp cc nh x
a

nh ngha trn ln cn a n E.

nh l 3. (tnh cht i s)
K hiu f, g: IE; , , u : I R, , : IK, K, b R, J l tp
m cha b, h : JI. Ta c
(1) ~ & f ~ g .f ~ .g
a a a

(2) ~ & n N *
~ n
n
a a

1 1
(3) ~ & , 0 ~
a a
(4) f = o( ) & ~ f = o( )
a a a

(5) f ~ g & g = o(u ) f = o(u )

a a a

(6) f ~ g & lim h(t) = a fh ~ gh

a t b b

(7) f = o(|| g ||) f+g ~ g

a a

Ghi ch. Nu f v g l cc hm s v g(t) 0, t a

2
 f (t )
f ~ g 1
a g (t ) t a
V d
(1) xlnx = o( x 2 )

x ln x ln x
2
= 0 xlnx = o( x 2 )
x x x

(2) x ~ sinx
0

x
1 x ~ sinx
sin x x 0 0

(3) xsinx = O (x)

x sin x
= sinx b chn xsinx = O (x)
x

(4) xsinx = o( x )
0

x sin x
= sinx 0 xsinx = o( x )
x x 0 0

(5) (x + lnx) ~ x

x ln x ln x
=1+ 1 (x + lnx) ~ x
x x x

(6) (x + 1000.x + 1000000.lnx) ~ (x 1000.x 1000000.lnx)

2 2

(7) (x2 + 1000.x + 1000000.lnx) = o (x2lnx 1000.x 1000000.lnx)

3
2.5. TCH PHN TRN KHONG BT K
Cho khong I R, khng gian vect nh chun E.
2.5.1. Hm kh tch dng
nh ngha 1. Cho f CM(I,R) tho f 0. Ta ni f kh tch trn I
nu
M > 0, on J I : f M
J

nh ngha 2. Cho f CM(I,R), f 0 v kh tch trn I. Tch phn

ca f trn I, k hiu f , l
I

f
I
= sup { f
J
| J l on, J I }

Ghi ch
(i) f 0.
I

(ii) Nu I = [, ], th
I
f = f . Khi tch phn ca f trn [, ],

(;], [; ) v (; ) l bng nhau.

(iii) Nu I ch c 1 im, th f = 0.
I

(iv) Nu I = , th qui c f I
= 0.

nh l 1. Cho f : IR lin tc v f 0. Khi , nu f kh tch trn I

v f = 0, th f 0.
I
Chng minh
Bng phn chng. Cho f
I
= 0. Gi s tn ti x0 I, f(x0) > 0. Khi

tn ti on J I, x0J tho f(x) > 0 x J. Suy ra

f f >0 I J

mu thun vi f = 0.
I

Ghi ch. Gi thit f lin tc nh l trn khng th thiu c. V d

cho f: [0; 1]R, f(x) = 0 vi x v f(1/2) = 1. f lin tc tng on trn
1
[0; 1] v f
0
= 0.

H qu
(i) Nu f : IR lin tc, f 2 kh tch trn I, f = 0, th f 0.
2

(ii) Nu f : IR lin tc, | f | kh tch trn I, | f | = 0, th f 0.

I

4
 nh l 2. Cho f : IR lin tc v f 0. Khi , cc mnh sau
tng ng
(i) f kh tch trn I.
(ii) M > 0,dy on (Jn), J1 J2 ... Jn ..., J n = I: f M,n
n Jn

(iii) M > 0,dy on (Jn), J1 J2 ... Jn ..., J n = I: f M,n

n Jn

Hn na, nu (ii) hoc (iii) tho th

f = sup { f | n N } = lim
I Jn
n f
Jn

nh l 3. (tnh cht i s)
Cho , R+, f, g CM(I, R) khng m, kh tch trn I. Khi
nh x .f + .g cng kh tch trn I v
( . f .g ) = . f + . g
I I I

nh l 4. Cho f, g CM(I, R), 0 f g v g kh tch trn I. Khi f

kh tch trn I v f g .
I I

nh ngha 3. Cho f CM(I, R), f 0, khong I I. Ta ni f kh

tch trn I, nu thu hp ca f trn I, f |I, kh tch trn I v k hiu
f = f |I '
I' I'

nh l 5. Cho f CM(I, R) , f 0, khong I I. Khi , nu f

kh tch trn I, th f kh tch trn I v
f f
I' I

nh l 6. Cho f CM(I, R), f 0, a I. Khi ,

(i) f kh tch trn I khi v ch khi f kh tch trn (; a] I v
[a; +) I.
(ii) Nu f kh tch trn I, th
f = f + f
I ( ; a ) I I [a ; )

* Tinh kh tch trn khong na m

nh l 7. Cho a R, b R{+}, a < b, f CM([a; b), R), f 0. K
x
hiu F : [a; b)R, x | f
a

Khi cc mnh sau tng ng

(i) f kh tch trn [a; b).
(ii) F b chn trn trn [a; b).

5
(iii) F c gii hn hu hn ti b.
Hn na nu cc mnh trn tho mn, th
x x

f = sup {
[ a ;b )

a
f | x [a; b) } = lim
x b f
a

b b
Tch phn
[ a ;b )
f cng c k hiu
a
f hoc f (t )dt
a

H qu. Cho b R, a R{}, a < b, f CM((a; b], R), f 0. K

b
hiu F : (a; b]R, x | f
x

Khi cc mnh sau tng ng

(i) f kh tch trn (a; b].
(ii) F b chn trn trn (a; b].
(iii) F c gii hn hu hn ti a.
Hn na nu cc mnh trn tho mn, th
b b

f
( a ;b ]
= sup { f
x
| x (a; b] } = lim
x a f
x
b b
Tch phn f
( a ;b ]
cng c k hiu f
a
hoc f (t )dt
a

V d
1. Cho hm f(t) = e.t, t [0; +).
1 . x
F(x) = e dt = e 1 , 0
x
.t
0 x , 0
Khi lim F(x) tn ti khi v ch khi < 0 v ta c
x

e
.t
dt = lim
x
1

e .x

1 =
1

0

Kt lun: f kh tch trn [0; +) khi v ch khi < 0.

2. Cho hm f(t) = ln(t) trn (0; 1]. Vi x (0; 1] ta c

1
F(x) = ln t dt = t t.ln t tt 1x = 1 x + x.ln(x)
x

lim F(x) = 1.
x 0
1
Vy f kh tch trn (0; 1] v ln t dt
x
= 1.

nh l 8. (Tch phn Riemann) Ta c

1
f(t) = kh tch trn [a; +), a>0 >1
t

6
v

1 a1
a t dt =
1

nh l 9. (Tch phn Riemann) Ta c

1
f(t) = kh tch trn (0; b], b>0 < 1
t
v
b1
b
1
0 t dt =
1

V d.
sin 2 t
1. Hm kh tch trn [1; +), v
t2
1 sin 2 t 1
2
kh tch trn [1; +) v 0 2 2 t [1; +).
t t t
2
sin t
2. Hm kh tch trn (0 ; 1].
t2
sin 2 t
3. Hm kh tch trn (0; +).
t2
nh l 10. (nh l tng ng)
Cho a R, b R {+}, a < b, f, g CM([a; b), R) khng m
v f ~ g. Khi f kh tch trn [a; b) khi v ch khi g kh tch trn
b

[a;b).
Chng minh
f ~ g c [a; b) : x [c; b) , | f(x) g(x) | 0,5 * g(x)
b

x [c; b) , 0,5*g(x) f(x) 1,5*g(x)

nh l 11. Cho a > 0, f CM([a; +), R), f 0. Khi

(i) Nu tn ti > 1 tho x.f(x) x 0, th f kh tch trn [a;+).

(ii) Nu tn ti 1 tho x.f(x) x +, th f khng kh tch

trn [a;+).

nh l 12. Cho a, b R, a < b, f CM((a; b], R), f 0. Khi

(i) Nu tn ti < 1 tho (x a).f(x) xa
0, th f kh tch trn

(a; b].
(ii) Nu tn ti 1 tho (x a).f(x) x +, th f khng kh
a

tch trn (a; b].

V d. Cho f(t) = ln(t) trn (0; 1]. Ta c

7
 lim x .f(x) = lim (x .ln(x)) = 0 ln(x) kh tch trn (0; 1].
1/2 1/2
x 0 x 0

nh l 13. (tch phn Bertrand)

1
Cho , R, a > 1, f, : [a; +)R, x | . Khi
x (ln x)

f, kh tch trn [a; +) > 1 hoc = 1 & > 1

Chng minh
(i) Xt > 1:
t = (1 + )/2 > 1. Ta c

x .f,(x) = x(1)/2.(lnx) x 0 f, kh tch trn [a; +).

(ii) Xt < 1: Ta c
x.f,(x) = x1.(lnx) x + f, khng kh tch trn [a;+).

(iii) Xt = 1: Ta c
x ln x
1 1
x [a; +),
dt = du
a
t.(ln t ) ln a
u
1
Suy ra f1, kh tch trn [a; +) kh tch trn [lna; +)
u
> 1.

2.5.2. Hm kh tch tr phc

nh ngha 1. Cho f CM(I, K). Ta ni f kh tch trn I nu | f | (lin
tc tng on v khng m) kh tch trn I.
K hiu L1(I, K) tp hp tt c nh x lin tc tng on t I vo K
v kh tch trn I.

Ghi ch. Nu I l on th L1(I, K) CM(I, K).

V d
ei. x 1
(1) nh x f(x) = 2
kh tch trn [1; +) v | f | : x | 2 kh tch
x x
trn [1; +).
e i. x 1
(2) nh x g(x) = khng kh tch trn [1; +) v | g | : x |
x x
khng kh tch trn [1; +).

nh l 1. Cho f CM(I, K), CM(I, R). Nu | f | v kh

tch trn I, th f kh tch trn I.

H qu. Nu f CM(I, K), I b chn v f b chn trn I, th f kh tch

trn I.
Chng minh
nh x : x | || f || kh tch v I b chn v | f | . Suy ra f kh
tch trn I.

8
 nh l 2. Cho f, g CM(I, K), , K. Nu f v g kh tch trn I,
th .f + .g kh tch trn I.

H qu. L1(I, K) l khng gian vect trn K.

nh l 3. Cho f CM(I, R). Khi f kh tch trn I khi v ch khi f+

v f kh tch trn I, trong
x I, f+(x) = max{ f(x), 0} & f(x) = max{f(x), 0}
Chng minh
(i) f kh tch trn I | f | kh tch trn I f+, f kh tch trn I v
0 f+, f | f |.
(ii) f+, f kh tch trn I f = f+ f kh tch trn I.

nh ngha 2. Cho f CM(I, R). Nu f kh tch trn I, th i lng

f f

I I

gi l tch phn ca f trn I, v k hiu l f .

I

nh l 4. Cho f CM(I, C). Khi f kh tch trn I khi v ch khi

phn thc R(f) v phn o Im(f) kh tch trn I.
Chng minh
(i) f kh tch trn I | f | kh tch trn I. V 0 | R(f) |, |Im(f)|
| f | R(f), Im(f) kh tch trn I.
(ii) R(f), Im(f) kh tch trn I f = R(f) + i.Im(f) kh tch trn I.

nh ngha 3. Cho f CM(I, C). Nu f kh tch trn I, th i lng

R ( f ) + i Im( f )
I I

gi l tch phn ca f trn I, v k hiu l f .

I

nh l 5. Cho f CM(I, C) kh tch trn I, (Jn) l dy tng cc on

con trong I, J n = I. Khi
n

f
Jn
n
f
I

nh l 6. Cho f, g CM(I, C), , C. Nu f v g kh tch trn I,

th .f + .g kh tch trn I v
( . f .g ) = . f + . g
I I I

nh l 7. Cho f CM(I, C). Khi

f kh tch trn I f kh tch trn I

9
v
f
I
= f
I

Chng minh
f kh tch trn I R(f), Im(f) kh tch trn I f = R(f) i.Im(f)
kh tch trn I, v

I
f = (R ( f ) i. Im( f )) = R ( f ) i Im( f ) = f
I I I I

nh l 8. Cho f, g CM(I, R) kh tch trn I, f g. Khi

f g I I

nh l 9. Cho f CM(I, C) kh tch trn I. Khi

| f | | f |
I I

nh l 10. Tp hp nh x t I vo K lin tc trn I v kh tch trn I

l khng gian vect trn K v nh x N1: f | | f | l chun trn khng
I
gian .
K hiu: CL1(I, K) l khng gian nh x t I vo K lin tc trn I v
kh tch trn I vi chun N1.

nh ngha 4. Cho dy hm (fn) CL1(I, K) v f CL1(I, K). Ta ni

(fn) hi t trung bnh n f, nu (fn) hi t theo chun N1 n f
| fn f | n
I

0

nh l 11. (bt ng thc Cauchy-Schwarz)

Cho f, g CM(I, K). Nu f2 v g2 kh tch trn I, th f .g kh
tch trn I v
2 2

f .g f .g | f | . | g |
2 2

I I I I

nh ngha 5. Cho f CM(I, K). Ta ni f kh tch bnh phng trn

I, nu | f |2 kh tch trn I.

nh l 12. Tp hp nh x t I vo K lin tc tng on trn I v kh

tch bnh phng trn I l khng gian vect trn K. nh x
( f , g ) | ( f | g ) = f .g
I

10
l tch v hng trn khng gian v nh x N2: f | | f |
2
l
I

chun trn khng gian .

K hiu: CL2(I, K) l khng gian nh x t I vo K lin tc trn I v

kh tch bnh phng trn I vi chun N2.

nh ngha 6. Cho dy hm (fn) CL2(I, K) v f CL2(I, K). Ta ni

(fn) hi t trung bnh ton phng n f, nu (fn) hi t theo chun N2
n f
| fn f | n 0
2

I

nh l 13. Cho f CM(I, K), khong I I. Khi , nu f kh tch

trn I, th f kh tch trn I.

nh l 14. Cho f CM(I, K) , a I. Khi ,

(i) f kh tch trn I khi v ch khi f kh tch trn (; a]I v
[a;+) I.
(ii) Nu f kh tch trn I, th
f = f + f
I ( ; a ) I I [a ; )

nh l 15. (cng thc Chasles)

Cho f CM(I, K) kh tch trn I, a, b, c R sao cho cc khong
m bin a, b v c u bao hm trong I. Khi
c b c

f
a
= f
a
+ f
b

nh l 16. (hi t n iu)

Cho (fn), f CM(I, R), fn kh tch trn I n, fn f hoc fn f. Khi
f kh tch trn I khi v ch khi dy ( f n ) b chn trn hoc b chn
I
di v
f
I
= lim
n f
I
n = sup { f
I
n |nN}

hoc
f
I
= lim
n f
I
n = inf { f
I
n |nN}

nh l 17. (hi t hm tri)

Cho (fn), f CM(I, K), : IR+ lin tc tng on v kh tch trn
I. Khi , nu fn n f v | fn | n, th f v fn kh tch trn I v

f
I
= lim
n f
I
n

11
* Tnh kh tch trn khong na m
nh l 18. Cho a R, b R {+}, a < b, f CM([a; b), K). K
hiu
x
F : [a; b)R, x | f
a

Khi , nu f kh tch trn [a; b), th

x

f =
[ a ;b )
lim
x b f
a
= lim F(x)
x b

b b
Tch phn f cng c k hiu
[ a ;b )

a
f hoc f (t )dt
a

nh l 19. Cho b R, a R {}, a < b, f CM((a; b], K). K

hiu
b
F : (a; b]R, x | f
x

Khi , nu f kh tch trn (a; b], th

b

f
( a ;b ]
= lim
x a f
x
= lim F(x)
x a

b b
Tch phn f
( a ;b ]
cng c k hiu f
a
hoc f (t )dt
a

nh l 20. Cho a, b R {, +}, a < b, f CM((a; b), K). K

hiu F l nguyn hm ca f. Khi , nu f kh tch trn (a; b), th
b y

f
a
= lim
x a , y b f
x
= lim F(x) lim F(x)
x b x a

Ghi ch: Nu f khng i du trn (a;b) v tn ti gii hn

y b y

lim
x a , y b
x
f , th f kh tch trn (a; b) v
a
f = lim
x a , y b f .
x

V d
1. Xt tnh kh tch v tnh tch phn (nu c)

1
ln( x 1) ln x x 1 dx
0

Gii
t f(x) = ln(x + 1) lnx 1/(x + 1). T
1 1 1 1
f(x) = + = < 0, x (0; )
x 1 x ( x 1) 2
x.( x 1)2
v
1 1
lim f(x) = lim ln 1 = 0
x x
x x 1
suy ra f(x) > 0 x (0; ).

12
 V nguyn hm ca f(x) l
f(x) = x.ln(1 + 1/x)
ta c
lim [x.ln(1 + 1/x)] lim [x.ln(1 + 1/x)] = 1 0 =1
x x0

Kt hp vi tnh cht f(x) > 0 x, suy ra f(x)=ln(x+1)lnx 1/(x+1)

kh tch trn (0, +) v

1
ln( x 1) ln x x 1 dx = 1
0

2. Xt tnh kh tch v tnh tch phn (nu c)

2 2
I = sin( 2 x). ln(tan x)dx v J = sin( 2 x). ln(sin x)dx
0 0

Gii
Khi x 0+ ta c
| sin(2x).ln(tanx) | = | sin(2x).ln(cotanx) | < sin(2x).cotanx = 2.cos2x 2
v khi x /2 ta c
| sin(2x).ln(tanx) | < sin(2x).tanx = 2.sin2x 2
Vy | sin(2x).ln(tanx) | b chn trn khong b chn (0; /2) tn
ti tch phn I.
Ta c

2 4 2
I = sin( 2 x). ln(tan x)dx = sin( 2 x). ln(tan x)dx +
0
sin( 2 x). ln(tan x)dx

0
4

4 4
= sin( 2 x). ln(tan x)dx
0
sin( 2 y). ln(tan y)dy = 0
0

(i bin y = /2 x).

V g(x) = sin(2x).ln(sinx) 0 x (0, /2), tch phn tng phn, ta c

nguyn hm ca hm g(x)
(u = sin2x, v = ln(sinx) => u = sin2x, v = cosx/sinx)
G(x) = g(x)dx = sin2x.ln(sinx) sin2x.cosx/sinxdx
= sin2x.ln(sinx) + cos2x/4
Ta c

G( x)02 = lim G(x) lim G(x) = 1/4 1/4 = 1/2
x / 2 x0

Kt hp vi tnh cht ca hm g(x) 0 x (0, /2), suy ra g(x)

kh tch trn (0; /2) v
J = 1/2

sin x
3. Xt tnh kh tch ca f(x) = trn [1; +).
x

13
Gii
Ta c
tx
cos t
x x x
cos t cos x cos t
F(x) =
1
f (t ) dt =
t t 1
1 t 2 dt = x + cos1
1
t2
dt
x
cos t cos t
lim F(x) = cos1 lim
x x 1 t 2 dt = cos1
1
t2
dt

Mt khc
1 cos 2t
x x x x x
| sin t | sin 2 t 1 cos 2t
G(x) = 1 t dt 1 t dt = 1 2t dt = 1 2t dt
1
2t
dt
x x
1 cos 2t
lim G(x) lim
x x 1 2t dt xlim

1
2t
dt = +
x x
1 cos 2t
v lim
x 1 2t dt = + v xlim
1
2t
dt hu hn (chng minh tng t
x
sin t
nh gii hn lim
x
1
t
dt ).

T suy ra |f(x)| khng kh tch trn [1; +), ko theo f(x) khng
kh tch trn [1; +).

2.5.3. Tch phn ph thuc tham s

Cho khong I R, m N*, A Rm, F : A IK. Gi thit nh x
F(x, . ):t |F(x,t) lin tc tng on v kh tch trn I, xA. nh
ngha
f : AK, x | F ( x, t )dt
I
v gi l tch phn ph thuc tham s x A ca F(x, t) trn I.

* Tnh lin tc
nh ngha 1. nh x F gi l b tri trn A I nu tn ti : IR,
0, lin tc v kh tch trn I sao cho
(x,t) A I : | F(x,t) | (t)
Hm gi l hm tri ca F.

nh l 1. Nu F lin tc v b tri trn A I, th F(x, . ) kh tch trn

I, x A, v f(x) = F ( x, t )dt lin tc trn A.
I

nh ngha 2. nh x F gi l b tri a phng trn A I, nu vi

mi tp compac M A, tn ti M : IR, M 0, lin tc v kh tch
trn I sao cho
(x,t) M I : | F(x,t) | M(t)

14
 nh l 2. Nu F lin tc v b tri a phng trn A I, th F(x, . )
kh tch trn I, x A, v f(x) = F ( x, t )dt lin tc trn A.
I

V d

et
2

(1) Chng minh hm f : x | dt lin tc trn (0;+).

x | t |
Gii
et
2

Xt hm F:(x,t)| trn (0; +) R .

x | t |
Hin nhin F lin tc trn (0;+)R. Ta ch ra rng F b tri a
phng trn (0; +)R. Cho tp compac M (0;+). Tn ti a > 0 sao
et
2

cho M (a;+). Ta nh ngha hm M(t) = ,t R. Hin nhin

a | t |
M(t) lin tc, 0, kh tch trn R v (x,t) M I : | F(x,t) | M(t),
tc F b tri a phng trn (0;+)R. Theo nh l 2, suy ra f lin tc
trn (0;+).

(2) Khng th b c gi thit F b tri a phng. Tht vy, xt nh

x F : [0; +) [0; +)R, (x,t) | x.ext.
F lin tc nhng khng b tri a phng trn [0; +) [0; +).

Mc du F(x, . ) kh tch x[0;+) nhng tch phn f(x) = x.e xt dt =1
0

x > 0 v f(0) = 0, khng lin tc ti 0 [0;+).

* o hm
Cho khong A R.
F
nh l 3. Gi thit F lin tc v b tri trn A I, tn ti, lin
x
tc v b tri trn A I. Khi
F
x A , F(x, . ) v (x, . ) kh tch trn I v
x
nh x f : x | F ( x, t )dt thuc lp C1 trn A v
I
'
F
x A : f(x) = F ( x, t )dt = x ( x, t )dt
I I

F n F
H qu. Cho n N*. Gi thit F, , ..., n tn ti, lin tc v b
x x
tri trn A I. Khi
F n F
x A, F(x, . ), (x, . ), ..., n (x, . ) kh tch trn I v
x x

15
 nh x f : x | F ( x, t )dt thuc lp Cn trn A v
I
(i )
i F
i =1,..., n, x A : f (x) = F ( x, t )dt
(i)
= I xi ( x, t )dt
I

F
nh l 4. Gi thit F lin tc v b tri a phng trn A I,
x
tn ti, lin tc v b tri a phng trn A I. Khi
F
x A , F(x, . ) v (x, . ) kh tch trn I v
x
nh x f : x | F ( x, t )dt thuc lp C1 trn A v
I
'
F
x A : f(x) = F ( x, t )dt = x ( x, t )dt
I I

F n F
H qu. Cho n N*. Gi thit F, , ..., n tn ti, lin tc v b
x x
tri a phng trn A I. Khi
F n F
x A, F(x, . ), (x, . ), ..., n (x, . ) kh tch trn I v
x x
nh x f : x | F ( x, t )dt thuc lp Cn trn A v
I
(i )
i F
i =1,..., n, x A : f (x) = F ( x, t )dt I xi ( x, t )dt
(i)
=
I

V d

e
t 2
Tnh f(x) = ch(2 xt)dt
0

Gii
Xt nh x F : R [0; +)R, (x,t) | et ch(2 xt) . Ta c
2

nh x F lin tc v b tri a phng trn R [0;+) v vi

mi a [0; +) nh x a: [0;+)R, t | et ch(2at ) lin tc, 0,
2

kh tch trn [0;+) v

(x,t) [-a; a] [0; +), |F(x,t)| a(t)

F
(x,t) = 2t.et sh(2 xt) lin tc v b tri a phng trn
2
nh x
x
R[0;+) v vi mi a [0;+) nh x a:[0;+)R,
t| 2t.e sh(2at ) lin tc, 0, kh tch trn [0;+) v
t2

F
(x,t) [-a; a] [0; +), | (x,t)| a(t)
x

16
 F
Vy F(x, . ) v (x, . ) kh tch trn [0; +) v
x

2t.e x R
t 2
f(x) = sh(2 xt)dt
0

Tch phn tng phn ta c

T
x R, T [0; +) : 2t.et sh(2 xt)dt
2

0
T
= eT sh(2 xT ) + 2x. e t ch(2 xt)dt
2 2

Cho T+ ta nhn c
f(x) = 2x.f(x) x R (ln(f(x))) = 2.x
ln(f(x)) = x2 + M f(x) = . e x
2

Mt khc, = f(0) = e dt =
t 2
. Cui cng ta c
0
2
x 2
f(x) = .e .
2

17