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Exceptions are Python's key method for handling errors.

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Whenever you see one of Python's little error messages, like you've written some

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script and you run it for the first time and it dumps you out with stack trace

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and an error message, those error messages are simply uncaught exceptions.

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You can catch exceptions in Python using try and except.

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For example, if you're opening a file and the file name is wrong or you don't

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have permissions to open the file or something like that, Python will raise

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an IO Error exception.

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You can catch the exception like this, using try and except.

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Then you can even capture Python's error message, print it, and either continue

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with your execution or give a user some intelligible error message or whatever

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exactly it is that you want to do with the error.

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And then you can use else for conditions where you don't get the error at all,

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and it just works the way that you expect it to.

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Of course, you can also raise your own exceptions with the raise statement.
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You have access to this entire exception handling process. It's built into

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Python for your own error conditions in the modules, objects, and functions

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that you write yourself.

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So let's go ahead and take a look at how Python uses exceptions for its error
reporting.