Plant Notebook ‘Multicomponent flash and distillation computations often require much time, particularly if many compo- nents are present. The design of simulation of a multi- component distillation tower may require a digital com- puter. ‘These calculations must allow for variations in the disicibution coefficients (K factors) with temperature and pressure." However, while correlations for these varia- tions are available in chart and nomograph form, we have not been able to find the corresponding equations in the common public literature. . The following equation correlates K with temperature and pressure. It is in a form chosen to produce results, accurate enough for chemical engineering courses in “Alo for enenges inthe concentration when these ates ate significant able for industrial application as weil. The general form of the regression equation is: tah = anh) + en) + a9(ln7) + on 7 + ay, TP + ap, + onlin Ph + op, (4) + 0%, () 1 ann PP + apt OP wand where P is pressure, psia.: and Tis temperature, *R. A stepwise multiple linear regression technique imple: mented in 2 new statistical programming system! was used to determine the coefficients in this equation. Data 4 were entered into this digital computer program. A value of 0.001—representing the proportion of the sum of Values of the Coefficients Use Compound 8, a, 4, _ fn “3 Methane = 282860, ° ° 2 ° 205 Ethylene = 600076.875 0 ° e ° 7.9088 Ethane = 607240.25 0 0 ° ° 7.9068: Propylene —923484.6875 ° ° ° ° Tat Propylene, ° —4630.24609 ° 0.00408 ° 18.3245, Propane = 970686 5625 0 0 ° 0 7.1508 Propane, ~ 1095349. 402.79321 0 3 ° s.asee Isobutane —1166846.0 ° ° 0 ° 7286 Isobutane, =1162432.0 ° ° 0.00014 ° Terie Isobutane, 11260740 ° ° ° ° 732168 aButane = 1280557.0 ° ° ° ° 7.94086 nBuane, ° ° 1965479 0.02024 ° 109.11067 m-Butane, 1227406. ° ° ° ° 7.44624 =1481583.0 0 ° ° loner 7.58071 ° —8974.08954 A ° ° 8.70588 1435771.0 ° ° ° ° 7.18972 n-Pentane = 1524691.0 ° ° ° ° 739129 mPentane, ~ 16448640 ° ° ° ° 8.32880 n-Pentaney = 1478683.0 ° ° ° ° 8.9572 n-Hexane =1778905.0 ° 0 0 ° 6.96783, n-Hexane, ° ° ° 0.04476 ~0,0000233488 = 1552781 n-Hexane, 1740492.0 o ° ° ° n-Heptane = 2013803.0 ° ° ° 0 = 1984318. ° ° ° o Octane ° —7ea6. 81641 ° ° ° Teas n-Octane, —838108.375 = 4696.72266, ° ° ° 9.92379 a-Nonane = 2551040 ° ° ° ° 560013, a-Decane 3 =9760.48703, ° 0 ° 13.80884 138 OCTOBER 29, 1973/CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGValues of the Coefficients Used For Standard Compounds—Table II squares of the residuals reduced by a particular form of the equation—was used to limit the number of coeffi cients in the correlation. A preliminary statistical analysis was performed on the resulting correlation equation to check on the accuracy of the approximation, A mean-percent absolute error was computed for K-values greater than 0.01. Accumulative percentages showing the fraction of the estimated K-values lying within 5% and 10% of the correct values were also tabulated, and these are designated in the tables as %5 and %-l0, respectively. It should be noted that when many of the K-values Hor Light Hydrocarbons—Table | Mean Number of fn an ay a Cy fn ay tn Ete %S IO Data Valu 36607 2.22168 0 0 345273 -09078 0 08.53 35.1 1B 225 en) 1.23998 0 187230 -0.95053 008.96 49.1 86.1 173 = 2.2935 0 0 ~0.97288 2.63478 0.87608 0 0.59618 284 86.5 100 82 84423 0 0 0 2.065560 oO 3.09 72.5 100 St of a certain compound are less than 10-2, the percent errors may be rather high, causing a high mean percent ‘error not indicative of the true accuracy of the correla- tion, as applied to the solution of real problems. The first correlation predicts the value of K for 14 light, hydrocarbons. Data were taken from DePriester’s nomo- graphs.? Values of the regression coefficients are shown in Table I. It was found that smaller errors resulted when the data were analyzed in two sections—one containing values of K greater than 1, and the other containing K-values less than 1. These results are given in the rows subscribed a and b, respectively. These correlations are ‘mca ements ieeaeaena ene snes eseeensetnennsnenennensineesesnsennnesnt i : oe Boa, tn an, a, 4, %e5 w10 Data Values 59.8465 0 ° 0 963) 100 195 0.84677 42,94594 ° o 0 88.1 978 135, #20.68600 49.02654 ° 0 ° 244 100 135 {-oa7e71 7.67624 ° ° ° 93.3 100 135 [ostoss — 4a.r4767 ° 0 ° 960 100 126 076984 0 6.90224 ° ° 93.3 100 135 seorre2 ° 6.90804 ° ° 96.7 100 122 092213 ° 0 ° ° 28.1 100 195 7099307 ° ° ° ° 96.1 100 302 86415 ° ° ° 0 100 100 33 086455 0 ° ° ° 733 97.0 195 “0.99038 0 ° ° ° 79.8 100 93 0.89063 o ° ° 0 52. 100 a 7093159 ° 0 0 ° eat a9) 135 o ° 0.06708 o 905 100 66 ° ° ° 0 797 100 69 ° ° ° ° 904 oan ° o ° 0.00528 100 6 ° ° ° ° 85.9 4 ° 0 ° ° 15 190 ° o o 0.00718 100 32 ° ° ° ° 98.0 3a ° ° ° ° ear, 118 ° o ° ° 972 106 0.73182 ° ° o ° 69.3 101 0.72922 ° ° ° ° B12 96 067818 0 ° qo” 380 8 o ° ° 0 778 8 =0.71470 i’, CUTMICAL ENGINEERING/OCTOBER 29, 1973aunyeradwa |. sege8g gees ss32s8 88 $¢ § 8 8 8 g 8 8 3 3 3 2 Sma aa sR f€ & F § § 2 £& FF 8 . 2 8 2 g Luba aL Hiududuulvududiduuubbaitidtuul i luldubulbobaluububsabsubulalsis tu idsabu) 2 @ dues 3 3 BB ever0P-N 3 eueuou-n a a. —hUrt™t~—Se—S 3 adel 3 auedap - sueuou- ‘9ue}20- aveyday- auexay aueinqos} auewad-N aupjuados dust ovedorg TTT auaiAdoig aueing-N avyeynqos} T aualAyy3 ae career oe See 72 3 32 g 8 8 3 8 2e 2 . = 8 BRB g 8 Bb oe (218d) ainssaig High- ion from C. L. De Priester. cms, light-hydrocarbon syst in 1 CONSTUTES Driun Equili 8-19 temperature range. [Reproduc Chen. Eng. Progr Fig. ed by 53).] . Symposium Ser. 7:49 (19.3 © 2 9 3 2 3 ° 3 2 8 g & 8 3 2 8 & = Rk 8 8 ¢@¢ 8 8 I ° 1 ? 1 1 : ° r 1 v 1 sd Hsibodiobibdbt e bee epee et) 1 Low- aueuou-N % Se auejuad- Ny 3ue}20-N auejuados} : 3 3 2uena-n S reer Gaver aueyday- auexay- auequad- auedoig aueing-N Gosden Tati ; y 3 OEY govatong aueingos; ET | . . auedoig 1 ‘aualkdoig aueua aT aueYylaW eer aueyjaw Equilibrium constants in’ light-hydrocarbon systems. temperature range. (Reproduced by permission from C. L. DePriester, 2 L ey T TOTTI TT TET pT TT Ey TOTTI Ty TTT <6 no 2 3 e 8 ¢e2e8e98 2 2 es 2 geg 2 8 = ] ” -— - 7 8 3 3 8388 ig. (elsd) ainssaig y. Progr... Symposium Ser. 7:49 (1953).] Chem. Eng