Nhom Lenh Co Ban

Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
TP LNH C BN CA MATLAB
I. LNH C BN
Ch : Cc lnh u vit bng ch thng, nhng v tc gi mun vit hoa ngi xem tin
theo di.
1. Lnh ANS
a) Cng dng: (Purpose)
L bin cha kt qu mc nh.
b) Gii thch: (Description)
Khi thc hin mt lnh no m cha c bin cha kt qu, th MATLAB ly bin Ans lm
bin cha kt qu .
c) V d: (Examples)
2-1
ans = 1
2. Lnh CLOCK
Thng bo ngy gi hin ti.
b) C php:(Syntax)
c = clock
c) Gii thch: (Description)
thng bo d c ta dng hm fix.
d) V d: (Examples)
c = clock
c=
1.0e+003*
2.0010 0.0040 0.0200 0.0030 0.0420 0.0501
c = fix(clock)
c = 2001 4 20 3 43 3
3. Lnh COMPUTER
Cho bit h iu hnh ca my vi tnh ang s dng Matlab.
b) C php: (Syntax)
computer
[c,m] = computer
c) Gii thch: (Description)
c: cha thng bo h iu hnh ca my.
m: s phn t ca ma trn ln nht m my c th lm vic c vi Matlab.
d) V d: (Examples)
[c,m]=computer
c=
PCWIN
m=
2.1475e+009
4. Lnh DATE
Thng bo ngy thng nm hin ti
b) C php: (Syntax)
s = date
c) V d:
s=date
s=
20-Apr-2001
5. Lnh CD
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn i th mc lm vic.
b) C php:
cd
cd diretory
cd ..
c) Gii thch:
cd: cho bit th nc hin hnh.
diretory: ng dn n th mc mun lm vic.
cd .. chuyn n th mc cp cao hn mt bc.
6. Lnh CLC
a) Cng dng:
Xa ca s lnh.
b) C php:
clc
c) V d:
clc, for i: 25, home, A = rand(5), end.
7. Lnh CLEAR
a) Cng dng:
Xa cc mc trong b nh.
b) C php:
clear
clear name
clear name1 name2 name3
clear functions
clear variables
clear mex
clear global
clear all
c) Gii thch:
clear: xa tt c cc bin khi vng lm vic.
clear name: xa cc bin hay hm c ch ra trong name.
clear functions: xa tt c cc hm trong b nh.
clear variables: xa tt c cc bin ra khi b nh.
clear mex: xa tt c cc tp tin .mex ra khi b nh.
clear: xa tt c cc bin chung.
clear all: xa tt c cc bin, hm, v cc tp tin .mex khi b nh. Lnh ny lm cho b nh
trng hon ton.
8. Lnh DELETE
a) Cng dng:
Xa tp tin v i tng ha.
b) C php:
delete filename
delete (n)
c) Gii thch:
file name: tn tp tin cn xa.
n: bin cha i tng ha cn xa. Nu i tng l mt ca s th ca s s ng li v
b xa.
9. Lnh DEMO
a) Cng dng:
Chy chng trnh mc nh ca Matlab.
b) C php:
demo
c) Gii thch:
demo: l chng trnh c sn trong trong Matlab, chng trnh ny minh ha mt s chc
nng ca Matlab.
10. Lnh DIARY
a) Cng dng:
Lu vng thnh file trn a.
b) C php:
diary filename
c) Gii thch:
filename: tn ca tp tin.
11. Lnh DIR
a) Cng dng:
Lit k cc tp tin v th mc.
b) C php:
dir
dir name
c) Gii thch:
dir: lit k cc tp tin v th mc c trong th mc hin hnh.
dir name: ng dn n th mc cn lit k.
12. lnh DISP
a) Cng dng:
Trnh by ni dung ca bin (x) ra mn hnh
b) C php:
disp (x)
c) gii thch:
x: l tn ca ma trn hay l tn ca bin cha chui k t, nu trnh by trc tip chui k t
th chui k t c t trong du
d) V d:
num=('Matlab')
num =
Matlab
disp(num)
Matlab
num=[2 0 0 1]
num =
2 0 0 1
disp(num)
2 0 0 1
num='PHAM QUOC TRUONG'
num =
PHAM QUOC TRUONG

13. Lnh ECHO
a) Cng dng:
Hin th hay khng hin th dng lnh ang thi hnh trong file *.m.
b) C php:
echo on
echo off
c) Gii thch:
on: hin th dng lnh.
off: khng hin th dng lnh.
14. Lnh FORMAT
a) Cng dng:
nh dng kiu hin th ca cc con s.
C php Gii thch V d
Format short Hin th 4 con s 3.1416
sau du chm
Format long Hin th 14 con s 3.14159265358979
sau du chm
Format rat Hin th dng phn 355/133
s ca phn nguyn
nh nht
Format + Hin th s dng +
hay m
15. Lnh HELP

a) Cng dng:
hng dn cch s dng cc lnh trong Matlab.
b) C php:
help
help topic
c) Gii thch:
help: hin th vn tt cc mc hng dn.
topic: tn lnh cn c hng dn.
16. Lnh HOME
a) Cng dng:
em con tr v u vng lm vic.
b) C php:
home
17. Lnh LENGTH
a) Cng dng:
Tnh chiu di ca vect.
b) C php:
l = length (x)
c) Gii thch:
l: bin cha chiu di vect.
d) V d:
tnh chiu di ca vect x.
x = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
l = length (x)
l = 10
x=[01 09 77,20 04 2001 ]
x=
1 9 77 20 4 2001
l=length(x)
l=
6
18. Lnh LOAD
a) Cng dng:
Np file t a vo vng lm vic.
b) C php:
load
load filename
load filename
load finame.extension
c) Gii thch:
load: np file matlap.mat
load filename: np file filename.mat
load filename.extension: np file filename.extension
Tp tin ny phi l tp tin dng ma trn c ngha l s ct ca hng di phi bng s ct ca
hng trn. Kt qu ta c mt ma trn c s ct v hng chnh l s ct v hng ca tp tin vn
bn trn.
19. Lnh LOOKFOR
a) Cng dng:
Hin th tt c cc lnh c lin quan n topic.
b) C php:
lookfor topic
c) Gii thch:
topic: tn lnh cn c hng dn.
20. Lnh PACK
a) Cng dng:
Sp xp li b nh trong vng lm vic.
b) C php:
pack
pack filename
c) Gii thch:
Nu nh khi s dng Matlap my tnh xut hin thng bo Out of memory th lnh pack c
th tm thy mt s vng nh cn trng m khng cn phi xa bt cc bin.
Lnh pack gii phng khng gian b nh cn thit bng cch nn thng tin trong vng nh
xung cc tiu. V Matlab qun l b nh bng phng php xp chng nn cc on chng
trnh Matlab c th lm cho vng nh b phn mnh. Do s c nhiu vng nh cn trng
nhng khng cha cc bin ln mi.
Lnh pack s thc hin:
+ lu tt c cc bin ln a trong mt tp tin tm thi l pack.tmp.
+ xa tt c cc bin v hm c trong b nh.
+ ly li cc bin t tp tin pack.tmp.
+ xa tp tin tm thi pack.tmp.
kt qu l trong vng nh cc bin c gp li hoc nn li ti a nn khng b lng
ph b nh.
Pack.finame cho php chn tn tp tin tm thi cha cc bin. Nu khng ch ra tn tp
tin tm thi th Matlab t ly tn tp tin l pack.tmp.
Nu dng lnh pack m my vn cn bo thiu b nh th bt buc phi xa bt cc bin
trong vng nh i.
21. Lnh PATH
a) Cng dng:
To ng dn, lit k tt c cc ng dn ang c.
b) C php:
path
p = path
path (p)
c) Gii thch:
path: lit k tt c cc dng dn ang c.
p: bin cha ng dn.
path (p): t ng dn mi.
d) V d:
t ng dn n th mc c:\lvtn\matlab
p = d:\DA\matlab;
path (p);
22. Lnh QUIT
a) Cng dng:
Thot khi Matlab.
b) C php:
quit
23. Lnh SIZE
a) Cng dng:
Cho bit s dng v s ct ca mt ma trn.
b) C php:
d = size (x)
[m,n] = size (x)
m = size (x,1)
n = size (x,2)
c) Gii thch:
x: tn ma trn.
d: tn vect c 2 phn t, phn t th nht l s dng, phn t cn li l s ct.
m,n: bin m cha s dng, bin n cha s ct
d) V d:
ta c ma trn a
x= 1 2 3 4
5 6 6 8
x=[1 2 3 4,5 6 7 8]
x=
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cc bn ch v cch nhp 1 ma trn:
x=[1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8]
x=
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
d=size(x)
d=
2 4
m=size(x,1)
m=
n=size(x,2)
n=
[m,n]=size(x)
m=
2
n=
4
24. Lnh TYPE
a) Cng dng:
Hin th ni dung ca tp tin.
b) C php:
type filename
c) Gii thch:
filename: tn file cn hin th ni dung.
Lnh ny trnh by tp tin c ch ra.
25. Lnh WHAT
a) Cng dng:
Lit k cc tp tin *.m, *.mat, *.mex.
b) C php:
what
what dirname
c) Gii thch:
what: lit k tn cc tp tin .m, .mat, .mex c trong th mc hin hnh.
dirname: tn th mc cn lit k.
26. Lnh WHICH
a) Cng dng:
Xc nh chc nng ca funname l hm ca Matlab hay tp tin.
b) C php:
which funname
c) Gii thch:
funname: l tn lnh trong Matlab hay tn tp tin
d) V d:
which inv
inv is a build-in function
which f
c:\matlab\bin\f.m
27. Lnh WHO, WHOS
a) Cng dng:
Thng tin v bin ang c trong b nh.
b) C php:
who
whos
who global
whos global
c) Gii thch:
who: lit k tt c cc tn bin ang tn ti trong b nh.
whos: lit k tn bin, kch thc, s phn t v xt cc phn o c khc 0 khng.
who global v whos: lit k cc bin trong vng lm vic chung.
II. CC TON T V K T C BIT

1. Cc ton t s hc (Arithmetic Operators):
Ton t Cng dng

+ Cng ma trn hoc i lng v hng (cc ma trn phi c cng kch thc).
- Tr ma trn hoc i lng v hng (cc ma trn phi c cng kch thc).
* Nhn ma trn hoc i lng v hng (ma trn 1 phi c s ct bng s hng ca
ma trn 2).
.* Nhn tng phn t ca 2 ma trn hoc 2 i lng v hng (cc ma trn phi c
cng kch thc).
\ Thc hin chia ngc ma trn hoc cc i lng v hng (A\B tng ng vi
inv (A)*B).
.\ Thc hin chia ngc tng phn t ca 2 ma trn hoc 2 i lng v hng (cc
ma trn phi c cng kch thc).
/ Thc hin chia thun 2 ma trn hoc i lng v hng (A/B tng ng vi
A*inv(B)).
./ Thc hin chia thun tng phn t ca ma trn ny cho ma trn kia (cc ma trn
phi c cng kch thc).
^ Ly tha ma trn hoc cc i lng v hng.
.
^ Ly tha tng phn t ma trn hoc i lng v hng (cc ma trn phi c cng
kch thc).
* v d:
Php tnh ma trn Php tnh mng
1 4
x 2 y 5
3 6
x 123 y 4 5 6
5 -3
x+y 6 xy -3
7 -3
3 -3
x+2 4 x2 -3
5 -3
4
x*y php ton sai x. * y 10

18
x* y 32 x.* y php ton sai
4 5 6
x * y 8 10 12 x. * y php ton sai
12 15 18
2 2
x*2 4 x.* 2 4
6 6
4
x\y 16/7 x.\ y 5/2
2
1/2 2
2\x 1 2./ x 1
3/2 2/3
0 0 1/6 1/4
x/y 0 0 1/3 x./ y 2/5
0 0 1/2 1/2
1/2 1/2
x/2 1 x./ 2 1
3/2 3/2
1/2
x^y php ton sai x.^ y 32
729
1
x^2 php ton sai x.^ 2 4
9
2
2^x php ton sai 2.^ x 4
8
2.. Ton t quan h (Relational Operators):

Ton t Cng dng

< So snh nh hn.
> So snh ln hn.
>= So snh ln hn hoc bng.
<= So snh nh hn hoc bng.
== So snh bng nhau c phn thc v phn o.
-= So snh bng nhau phn o.
a) Gii thch:
Cc ton t quan h thc hin so snh tng thnh phn ca 2 ma trn. Chng to ra mt ma
trn c cng kch thc vi 2 ma trn so snh vi cc phn t l 1 nu php so snh l ng
v l 0 nu php so snh l sai.
Php so snh c ch u tin sau php ton s hc nhng trn php ton logic.
b) V d:
thc hin php so snh sau:
x=5 % u tin ta nhp x=5
x=
x>=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] %so snh trc tip x (x l 5) vi ma trn
ans = % r rng cc ph t 1,2,3,4,5 u <= 5
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=5
x=
5
A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] % ta t ma trn A
A=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x>=A
ans =
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=A % dng lnh ny tc l cho x= ma trn A
x=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x==A % so snh x v A
ans = % tt c cc phn t u ng
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
x=5 % cho li x=5

x=
x==A % so snh x = A
ans =
0 0 0
0 1 0 % ch duy nht phn t 5=x (v x=5)
0 0 0
x<A
ans =
0 0 0
0 0 1
1 1 1
3. Ton t logig (Logical Operators):
Ton t Cng dng

& Thc hin php ton logic AND.
Thc hin php ton logic OR.
~ Thc hin php ton logic NOT.
a) Gii thch:
Kt qu ca php ton l 1 nu php logic l ng v l 0 nu php logic l sai.
Php logic c ch u tin thp nht so vi php ton s hc v php ton so snh.
b) V d:
Khi thc hin php ton 3>4 & 1+ th my tnh s thc hin 1+2 c 3, sau ti 3>4 c
0 ri thc hin 0 & 3 v cui cng ta c kt qa l 0.
4. K t c bit (Special Characters):
K hiu Cng dng

[] Khai bo vector hoc ma trn.
() Thc hin php ton u tin, khai bo cc bin v cc ch s ca
vector.
= Thc hin php gn.
Chuyn v ma trn tm lng lin hip ca s phc.
. im chm thp phn.
, Phn bit cc phn t ca ma trn v cc i s trong dng lnh.
; Ngn cch gia cc hng khi khai bo ma trn.
% Thng bo dng ch thch.
! M ca s MS DOS.
5. du :
a) Cng dng:
To vector hoc ma trn ph v lp i lp li cc gi tr.
b) Gii thch:
Khai bo Cng dng

j:k To ra chui j, j+1, j+2,., k-1, k
j:i:k To ra chui j, j+i, j+2I,.,k-i, k
A(: , j) Ch ct th j ca ma trn A
A(i , :) Ch hng th i ca ma trn
A(: , :) Ch ton b ma trn A
A(j , k) Ch phn t A(j), A(j+1)A(k)
A(: , j , k) Ch cc phn t A(:, j), A(:, j+1)A(:, k)
A(:) Ch tt c cc thnh phn ca ma trn A
c) V d:
khi khai bo D = 1 : 10
ta c kt qu:
D = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cn khi khai bo D = 0 : 2 :10
th ta c kt qu:
D = 0 2 4 6 8 10
III. CC HM LOGIC (LOGICAL FUNCTION)

1. Lnh ALL
a) Cng dng:
Kim tra vector hay ma trn c gi tr 0 hay khng.
b) C php:
y = all(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: bin cha kt qu
x: tn vedtor hay ma trn
y = 1 khi tt c cc phn t khc 0
y = 0 khi c 1 phn t bng 0
d) V d:
a=[1 2 3]
a=
1 2 3
y=all(a)
y=
1
a=[1 0 3]
a=
1 0 3
y=all(a)
y=
a=[1 2 3;4 0 6;7 8 9]
a=
1 2 3
4 0 6
7 8 9
y=all(a)
y=
1 0 1
a=[1 2 0;0 3 5;2 6 8]
a=
1 2 0
0 3 5
2 6 8
y=all(a)
y=
0 1 0
2. Lnh ANY
a) Cng dng:
Kim tra vector hay ma trn c gi tr khc 0 hay khng.
b) C php:
y = any(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: bin cha kt qu.
x: tn vector, hay ma trn.
y = 1 khi c 1 phn t khc 0.
y = 0 khi c 1 phn t bng 0.
d) V d:
a=[1 2 3];
y=any(a)
y=
b=[1 0 3 0];
y=any(b)
y=
c=[1 2 0 4;0 2 0 4;1 2 3 4;3 4 5 6]
c=
1 2 0 4
0 2 0 4
1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6
y=any(c)
y=
1 1 1 1
d=[0 0 0 0;0 1 3 0]
d=
0 0 0 0
0 1 3 0
y=any(d)
y=
0 1 1 0
3. Lnh EXIST
a) Cng dng:
Kim tra bin hay file c tn ti hay khng.
b) C php:
e = exist(item)
c) Gii thch:
item: l tn file hay tn bin.
e: bin cha gi tr tr v.
e Y ngha
0 item khng tn ti trong vng lm vic
1 item l bin ang tn ti trong vng lm vic
2 item ang tn ti trn a (ch kim tra trong th mc hin hnh)

3 item l MEX-file
4 item l file c dch t phn mm Simulink
5 item l hm ca Matlab
d) V d:
e = exist(dir)
e=5
4. Lnh FIND
a) Cng dng:
Tm phn t trong vector hay ma trn theo yu cu.
b) C php:
k = find(x)
[i,j] = find(x)
[i,j,s] = find(x)
c) Gii thch:
k: ch v tr ca phn t cn tm trong vector.
i,j: ch s hng v s ct tng ng ca phn t cn tm.
s: cha gi tr ca phn t cn tm.
x: tn vector, ma trn hay l yu cu ra. Nu khng nu ra yu cu th mc nhin l tm
cc phn t khc 0.
d) V d:
x=[1 8 0 2 3 0]
x=
1 8 0 2 3 0
k=find(x)
k=
1 2 4 5
k=[3 6]
k=
3 6
a=[5 0 0;8 0 3]
a=
5 0 0
8 0 3
[i,j,k]=find(a)
i=
1
2
2
j=
1
1
3
k=
5
8
3
IV. NHM LNH LP TRNH TRONG MATLAB

1. Lnh EVAL
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn i chui k t thnh biu thc.
b) C php:
kq = eval(string)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin cha kt qu.
Nu string l cc k s th chuyn thnh nhng con s.
Nu string l cu lnh th chuyn thnh cc lnh thi hnh c.
d) V d:
a='199999999';
eval(a)+1
ans =
200000000
2. Lnh FOR
a) Cng dng:
Dng thc hin 1 cng vic cn lp i lp li theo mt quy lut, vi s bc lp xc nh
trc.
b) C php:
for bin iu khin = gi tr u : gi tr cui,
thc hin cng vic;
end
c) Gii thch:
Cng vic chnh l cc lnh cn thi hnh, c th c nhiu lnh, kt thc lnh phi c du;
d) V d:
In ra mn hnh 5 dng PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban.
for i = 1:5,
disp(PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban);
end
PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban
3. Lnh FUNCTION
a) Cng dng:
To thm hm mi.
b) C php:
function s = n(x)
c) Gii thch:
s: tn bin cha gi tr tr v sau khi thi hnh hm.
n: tn gi nh.
d) V d: ( phn lp trong M.file)
4. Lnh INPUT
a) Cng dng:
Dng nhp vo 1 gi tr.
b) C php:
tn bin = input (promt)
tn bin = input (promt, s)
c) Gii thch:
tn bin, l ni lu gi tr ngp vo.
promt: chui k t mun nhp vo.
s: cho bit gi tr nhp vo l nhiu k t.
d) V d1:
x = input(nhp gi tr ca bin x: )
nhp gi tr ca bin x: 5
x=5
e) V d2:
tr_li = input(bn c mun tip tc khng ? ,s)
bn c mun tip tc khng ? khng
tr_li = khng
5. Lnh IF ELSEIF ELSE

a) Cng dng:
Thc hin lnh khi tha iu kin.
b) C php:
if biu thc lun l 1
thc hin cng vic 1;
elseif biu thc lun l 2
thc hin cng vic 2;
else
thc hin cng vic 3;
end
c) Gii thch:
Khi biu thc lun k 1 ng th thc hin cng vic 1 tng t cho biu thc lun l 2. Nu
c hai biu thc sai th thc hin cng vic sau lnh else.
Biu thc lun l l cc php so snh ==, <, >, <=, >=
cng vic chnh l cc lnh cn thi hnh, c th c nhiu lnh, kt thc lnh phi c du ;
d) V d:
Vit chng trnh nhp vo 2 s v so snh hai s .
a = input(Nhp a: );
b = input(Nhp b: );
if a > b
disp(a ln hn b);
elseif a ==b
disp(a bng b);
else
disp(a nh hn b);
end
nhp a: 4
nhp b: 5
a nh hn b
6. Lnh MENU
a) Cng dng:
To menu chn chc nng.
b) C php:
tn bin = menu (Tn menu,chc nng1,chc nng2, . , chc nng n)
c) Gii thch:
tn menu: l tiu ca menu.
tn bin: l ni ct gi tr nhn c sau khi chn chc nng ca menu.
Chc nng 1, 2, .,n:khi chn chc nng no th tn bin c gi tr l s th t ca chc
nng .
d) V d:
k = menu(Choose a color, Red, Blue, Green)
---- Choose a color ----
1) Red
2) Blue
3) Green
7. Lnh PAUSE
a) Cng dng:
Dng chng trnh theo mun.
b) C php:
pause on
pause off
pause (n)
c) Gii thch:
pause on: dng chng trnh, v ch nhn 1 phm bt k (tr cc phm iu khin) chng
trnh thc hin tip.
pause off: tt chc nng pause.
pause (n): dng chng trnh ti n giy.
d) V d:
for n = 1 : 3;
disp(Press any key to continue)
pause
end
Press any key to continue
8. Lnh WHILE
a) Cng dng:
Dng thc hin 1 cng vic cn lp i lp li theo mt quy lut, vi s bc lp khng
xc nh, ph thuc vo biu thc lun l.
b) C php:
while biu thc lun l
thc hin cng vic;
end
c) Gii thch:
Biu thc lun l l cc php so snh = =, <, >, <=, >=
Cng vic chnh l cc lnh cn thi hnh, c th c nhiu lnh, kt thc lnh phi c du ;
Khi thc hin xong cng vic th quay ln kim tra li biu thc lun l, nu vn cn ng
th tip tc thc hin, nu sai th kt thc.
d) V d:
tnh tng A = 1+1/2+1/3++1/n
n = input(nhp vo s n );
a = 0; i = 1
while i <= n
a = a + 1/i
i = i + 1;
end
disp(ket qua);
disp(a);
nhap vao so n 3
ket qua
1.8333
B1(BT4a): Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt s n(n>=0)

vi cc trng hp sau:
a) Nu n<0 th in thng bo bn nhp sai
b) Nu n>0 v l th tnh tng s1=1+3+5+...+n,n l s l.
c) Nu n>0 v chn th s2=2+4+6+...+n,n chn.
d) Nu n=0 dng chng trnh li.
% BT4a: Viet chuong trinh nhap vao mot so n(n>=0)
% voi cac truong hop sau:
% a) Neu n<0 thi in thong bao ban nhap sai
% b) Neu n>0 va le thi tinh tong s1=1+3+5+...+n,n la so le.
% c) Neu n>0 va chan thi s2=2+4+6+...+n,n chan.
% d) Neu n=0 dung chuong trinh lai.
n=input('nhap n= '); %nhap so n
du=rem(n,2); %kiem tra n la le hay chan
%neu n le du=1, n chan du=0
if n<0
fprintf('Ban nhap sai') %xuat ra thong bao
end
if (n>0) & (du==1) %neu n>0 va le
i=1; %gan i=1;
s1=1; %gan tong s1=1
while i<n %thuc hien vong lap
i=i+2; %tang i len 2 sau moi lan lap
s1=s1+i; %tinh tong s1 voi gia tri i moi
end
s1 %in ra ket qua sau khi ket thuc vong lap
end
if (n>0) & (du==0)
i=0;
s2=0;
while i<n
i=i+2;
s2=s2+i;
end
s2
end
if n==0 %neu n=0
break %lenh ket thuc
end
Khi chy chng trnh:

nhap n= 5
s1 =
BT4a
nhap n= 4
s2 =
BT4a
nhap n= -6
Ban nhap sai BT4a
nhap n= 0
V. TP LNH X L CHUI
1. Lnh ABS
a) Cng dng:
To vector n c gi tr ca mi phn t l s th t tng ng vi k t trong bng m
ASCII.
Ly tr tuyt i ca mt s m.
b) C php:
n = ABS(s)
x = ABS(a)
c) Gii thch:
n: tn vector.
s: chui k t, hoc l tn bin cha chui k t.
a: s m, hoc l tn bin cha s m.
x: tr tuyt i ca a.
d) V d:
n=abs('PHAM QUOC TRUONG')
n=
Columns 1 through 12
80 72 65 77 32 81 85 79 67 32 84 82
Columns 13 through 16
85 79 78 71
m=abs('MATLAB')
m=
77 65 84 76 65 66
U=abs('abc')
U=
97 98 99
T=abs(-1)
T=
1
2. Lnh BLANKS
a) Cng dng:
To khong trng gia hai hay nhiu chui k t theo mong mun.
b) C php:
[S1 BLANKS(b1) S2 BLANKS(b2) BLANKS(bn) Sn]
c) Gii thch:
S1, S2, Sn: cc chui k t.
b1, b2: s khong trng.
d) V d:
In 4 chui Khao sat,ng dng, MATLAB, trong iu khin t ng ra mn hnh vi
khong cch ln lt gia 4 chui l: 2,4,3
S=['Khao sat'blanks(2) 'ung dung'blanks(4) 'MATLAB'blanks(3) 'trong dieu khien tu dong']
S=
Khao sat ung dung MATLAB trong dieu khien tu dong

3. Lnh DEC2HEX
a) Cng dng:
i con s ca h 10 sang h 16.
b) C php:
s = dec2hex(n)
c) Gii thch:
s: bin cha chui k s ca h 16
n: con s nguyn h 10.
d) V d:
s = dec2hex(10)
s = A
4. Lnh HEX2DEC
a) Cng dng:
i chui k s ca h 16 sang con s ca h 10.
b) C php:
n = hex2dec(s)
c) Gii thch:
n: con s ca h 10.
s: chui k s h 16.
d) V d:
n = hex2dec(A)
n = 10
5. Lnh INT2STR
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn s nguyn sang dng chui.
Chuyn cc k t trong mt chui sang s th t tng ng trong bng m ASCII.
b) C php:
kq = INT
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin STR(n)cha kt qu.
n: tn bin cn chuyn.
Nu n l s nguyn th kq l chui k s.
Nu n l chui k t th kq l s tng ng trong bng m ASCII
d) V d:
n='MATLAB'
n=
MATLAB
t=int2str(n)
t=
77 65 84 76 65 66
n=2001
n=
2001
t=int2str(n)
t=
2001
6. Lnh ISSTR
a) Cng dng:
Kim tra ni dung bin c phi l chui k t khng.
b) C php:
kq = isstr(n)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin cha kt qu.
n: tn bin cn kim tra.
kq = 1 nu n l chui k t.
0 nu n khng l chui k t.
d) V d:
n='MATLAB';
kq=isstr(n)
kq =
1
m=[1 2 3 4];
kq=isstr(m)
kq =
0
7. Lnh LOWER
a) Cng dng:
Cho ra chui k t vit thng.
b) C php:
b = lower(s)
c) Gii thch:
b: bin cha kt qu.
s: tn bin cha chui k t hay chui k t.
d) V d:
a='DO AN cua pHAm quOC TRuOnG';
b=lower(a)
b=
do an cua pham quoc truong

8. Lnh NUM2STR
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn s thc sang dng chui.
Chuyn cc k t trong mt chui sang s th t tng ng trong bng m ASCII.
b) C php:
kq = num2tr(n)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin cha kt qu.
n: tn bin cn chuyn.
Nu n l s thc th kq l s tng ng trong bng m ASCII.
d) V d:
n=3.1416;
kq=num2str(n)
kq =
3.1416
9. Lnh SETSTR
a) Cng dng:
Cho ra k t tng ng vi s th t trong bng m ASCII.
b) C php:
x = Set Str(n)
c) Gii thch:
x: bin cha k t tng ng (thuc bng m ASCII).
n: s nguyn (0 n 255).
d) V d:
Tm k t c s th t l 65 trong bng m ASCII.
kt=setstr(65)
kt =
A
10. Lnh STR2MAT
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn c cc phn t dng chui.
b) C php:
s = str2mat(s1, s2, )
c) Gii thch:
s: tn ma trn kt qu.
s1, s2: chui k t.
d) V d:
s = str2mat(mat, lab)
s=
mat
lab
11. Lnh STR2NUM
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn chui (dng s) sang s thc.
b) C php:
n = str2num(s)
c) Gii thch:
s: chui dng s.
n: s thc.
d) V d:
n = str2num(456456)
n = 456456
12. Lnh STRCMP
a) Cng dng:
So snh 2 chui k t.
b) C php:
l = strcmp(s1, s2)
c) Gii thch:
l: bin cha kt qu.
s1, s2: chui cn so snh.
d) V d:
a = MatLab WoRkS
b = MatLab WoRkS
strcmp(a,b)
ans = 1
13. Lnh UPPER
a) Cng dng:
Cho ra chui vit hoa.
b) C php:
b = upper
c) Gii thch:
b: bin cha kt qu.
s: tn bin cha chui k t.
d) V d:
a = MaTlab WORks
b = upper(a)
b = MATLAB
b = upper(MaTlab WORks)
b= MATLAB WORKS
VI. CC HM GIAO TIP

1. Lnh FCLOSE
a) Cng dng:
ng file ang m sau khi truy xut xong.
b) C php:
fclose(fid)
c) Gii thch:
fid: tn bin tr n file ang m.
2. Lnh FOPEN
a) Cng dng:
M file hoc truy xut d liu ca file ang m.
b) C php:
fid = fopen(fn)
fid = fopen(fn, p)
c) Gii thch:
fid: tn bin tr n file ang m.
fn: tn file (c th t ng dn).
Tham s p c cc nh dng sau:
r: ch c.
r+: c v ghi.
w: xa tt c ni dung ca file hoc to 1 file mi v m file ghi.
w+: xa tt c ni dung ca file hoc to 1 file mi v m file ghi v c.
3. Lnh FPRINTF
a) Cng dng:
Ghi on d liu thnh file.
b) C php:
fprintf(fid, f)
c) Gii thch:
fid: tn bin tr n file cn ghi.
f: cc tham s nh dng.
d) V d:
To file exp.txt c ni dung:
x = 0:2:10;
y = [x, x/2];
fid = fopen(exp.txt, w);
fprintf(fid, %d, [2, inf]);
Gn file exp.txt v bin a xem ni dung:
fid = fopen(exp.txt)
a = fscanf(fid, %d, [2,inf]);
disp(a);
fclose(fid);
Kt qu
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 1 2 3 4 5
4. Lnh FREAD
a) Cng dng:
c d liu dng nh phn t file.
b) C php:
[a, c] =fscanf(fid)
[a, c] = fscanf(fid,s)
c) Gii thch:
a: tn bin cha d lic c c vo.
c: s phn t c c vo.
fid: tn bin tr n file cn c.
s: kch thc d liu c vo.
s c nh dng bi cc thng s:
n: ch c n phn t vo ct vector a.
inf: c n ht file.
[m,n]: ch c vo m ct v n hng, n c th bng inf cn m th khng.
d) V d1:
file vd.txt c ni dung:
ABC
1 2 3
fid = fopen(vd.txt);
[a,c] = fread(fid);
disp(a);
disp(c);
a=
65
32
66
32
67
13
10
49
32
50
32
51
c=
12
e) V d2
fid = fopen(vd1.txt);
[a,c] = fread(fid, 4);
disp(a);
disp(c);
a=
65
32
66
32
c=
4
f) V d 3:
file vd3.txt c ni dung
ABCDE
FGHIJ
KLMNO
fid = fopen(vd3.txt);
[a,c] = fread(fid, [7, inf]);
disp(a);
disp(c);
a=
65 70 75
66 71 76
67 72 76
68 73 78
69 74 79
13 13 13
10 10 10
c=
21
a=
65 66 67 68 69 13 10
70 71 72 73 74 13 10
75 76 77 78 79 13 10
5. Lnh FWRITE
a) Cng dng:
Ghi on d liu dng nh phn thnh file.
b) C php:
fwrite (fid,a)
c) Gii thch:
fid: tn bin tr n file cn ghi.
a: tn bin cha d liu.
d) V d:
Ghi on d liu ca bin a thnh file a.txt
a = [65 66 67]
fid = fopen(a.txt, w);
fwrite(fid, %);
fwite(fid,a);
Gn file a.txt vo bin b xem ni dung
fid = fopen(a.txt);
b = fscanf(fid, %);
disp(b);
fclose(fid);
Kt qu
b = ABC
6. Lnh SPRINTF
a) Cng dng:
Hin th thng tin ln mn hnh.
b) C php:
s = sprintf(ts,ds)
c) Gii thch:
s: bin cha chui s hin th trn mn hnh.
ts: cc tham s nh dng.
ds: danh sch cc i s.
Tham s nh dng thuc 1 trong 2 kiu sau:
(1) Chui k t: chui ny s c hin th ln mn hnh ging ht nh c vit trong
cu lnh.
(2) Chui cc tham s nh dng: cc chui ny s khng c hin th ln mn hnh,
nhng tc dng iu khin vic chuyn i v cch hin th cc i s c a ra trong
danh sch cc i s.
V d cc tham s nh dng:
1) %d: i s l s nguyn c vit di dng thp phn.
s = sprintf(y l s: %d,-24)
s = y l s: -2
2) %u: i s l s nguyn c vit di dng thp phn khng du.
s = sprintf(y l s: %u,24)
s = y l s: 24
3) %o: i s l s nguyn c vit di dng c s 8 khng du.
s = sprintf(y l s: %o,9)
s = y l s: 11
4) %x: i s l s nguyn c vit di dng c s 16.
s = sprintf(y l s: %x,255)
s = y l s:ff
5) %f: i s l s nguyn c vit di dng cp s 10.
s = sprintf(y l s: %f,2550
s = y l s: 255.000000
nh dng phn thp phn th thm vo con s cha s thp phn cn ly.
s = sprintf(y l s: %.3f, 2.5568)
s = y l s: 2.557
6) %c: i s l 1 k t ring c bit.
s = sprintf(y l ch: %c,M)
s = y l ch: M
7)%s: i s l chui k t.
s = sprintf(y l chui: %s, Matlab)
s = y l chui: Matlab
8. Lnh SSCANF
a) Cng dng:
c chui k t v nh dng li chui k t .
b) C php:
[a,count] = sscanf(s, format, size)
c) Gii thch:
a: tn bin cha chui k t sau khi c nh dng.
count: m s phn t c c vo.
size: kch thc s c c vo.
format: phn nh dng ging nh lnh sprintf.
d) V d:
s = 3.12 1.2 0.23 2.56;
[a, count] = sscanf(s, %f,3)
a=
3.1200
1.2000
0.2300
count =
3
VII. CC HM TON HC C BN
1. Mt s hm lng gic:
a) C php:
kq = hlg(x)
b) Gii thch:
kq: tn bin cha kt qu.
x: n v radian.
hlg: tn hm lng gic.
Tn hm lng gic Gii thch

sin Tnh gi tr sine
cos Tnh gi tr cosine
tan Tnh gi tr tangent
asin Nghch o ca sine
atan Nghch o ca tangent
sinh Tnh gi tr hyperbolic sine
cosh Tnh gi tr hyperbolic cosine
tanh Tnh ga tr hyperbolic tangent
2. Lnh ANGLE
a) Cng dng:
Tnh gc pha ca s phc.
b) C php:
p = angle(z)
c) Gii thch:
p: tn bin cha kt qu, n v radians
z: s phc
d) V d:
z = i-3j
z = 0 2.0000i
p = angle(z)
p = -1.5708
3. Lnh CEIL
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s v pha s nguyn ln hn.
b) C php:
y = ceil(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: s sau khi c lm trn.
x: s cn c lm trn.
d) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = ceil(x)
y = -1 0 4 6 7
4. Lnh CONJ
a) Cng dng:
Tnh lng lin hip ca s phc.
b) C php:
y = conj(z)
c) Gii thch:
y: tn bin cha lng lin hip
z: s phc
d) V d:
z = -3i + 2j
z = 0 1.0000i
y = conj(z)
y = 0 + 1.0000i
5. Lnh EXP
a) Cng dng:
Tnh gi tr ex.
b) C php:
y = exp(x)
c) V d:
y = exp(x)
y = 20.0855
6. Lnh FIX
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s v pha zero.
b) C php:
y = fix(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: s sau khi c lm trn.
x: s cn c lm trn.
d) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = fix(x)
y = -1 0 3 5 7
7. Lnh FLOOR
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s v pha s nguyn nh hn.
b) C php:
y = floor(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: s sau khi c lm trn .
x: s cn c lm trn
d) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = floor(x)
y = -2 -1 3 5 7
8. Lnh IMAG
a) Cng dng:
Ly phn o ca s phc.
b) C php:
y = imag(z)
c) V d:
y = imag(2 + 3j)
y=3
9. Lnh LOG
a) Cng dng:
Tm logarithm c s e.
b) C php:
y = log(x)
d) V d:
y = log(2.718)
y = 0.9999
10. Lnh LOG2
a) Cng dng:
Tm logarithm c s 2.
b) C php:
y = log2(x)
d) V d:
y = log2(2)
y=1
11. Lnh LOG10
a) Cng dng:
Tm logarithm c s 10.
b) C php:
y = log10(x)
d) V d:
y = log10(10)
y=1
12. Lnh REAL
a) Cng dng:
Ly phn thc ca s phc.
b) C php:
y = real(z)
d) V d:
y = real(1 + 3j)
y=2
13. Lnh REM
a) Cng dng:
Cho phn d ca php chia.
b) C php:
r = rem(a,b)
c) Gii thch:
r: bin cha kt qu
a, b: s chia v s b chia
d) V d:
r = rem(16, 3)
r=1
14. Lnh ROUND
a) Cng dng:
Lm trn s sao cho gn s nguyn nht.
b) C php:
y = round(x)
c) V d:
x = -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
y = round(x)
y= -2 0 3 6 7
Bng so snh ca cc php lm trn s
X -1.9000 -0.2000 3.4000 5.6000 7.0000
ceil(x) -1 0 4 6 7
floor(x) -2 -1 3 5 7
fix(x) -1 0 3 5 7
round(x) -2 0 3 6 7
15. Lnh SIGN

a) Cng dng:
Xt du s thc.
b) C php:
y = sign(x)
c) Gii thch:
x: s thc cn xt du.
y: kt qu tr v.
y x
0 s 0
1 s dng
-1 s m
d) V d:
x= 2 0 -3 0.5
y = sugn(x)
y= 1 0 -1 1
16. Lnh SQRT
a) Cng dng:
Tnh cn bc hai.
b) C php:
y = sqrt(x)
c) V d:
x=4
y = sqrt(x)
y=2
VIII. TP LNH THAO TC TRN MA TRN

1. Cng, tr, nhn, chia tng phn t ca ma trn vi hng s
a) C php:
Ma trn kt qu = ma trn [+] [-] [.] [/] hng s.
b) V d:
a=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Cng ma trn a vi 2 kt qu l ma trn b
b=a+2
b=
3 4 5
6 7 8
9 10 11
tng t cho cc php tnh tr, nhn v chia.
2. Lnh DET
a) Cng dng:
Dng tnh nh thc ca ma trn.
b) V d:
Tnh nh thc ca ma trn a
a=
1 4
5 6
det(a)
ans = -8
3. Lnh DIAG
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn mi v x l ng cho theo quy c.
b) C php:
v = diag(x)
v = diag(x,k)
c) Gii thch:
x: l vector c n phn t.
v: l ma trn c to ra t x theo quy tc: s hng bng s ct v cc phn t ca x nm trn
ng cho ca v.
k: tham s nh dng cho v, s hng v ct ca v = n + abs(k).
Nu k = 0 ng cho ca v chnh l cc phn t ca x
Nu k > 0 cc phn t ca x nm pha trn ng cho v
Nu k < 0 cc phn t ca x nm pha di ng cho v
d) V d:
x= 2 1 9 5 4
v = diag(x)
v=
2 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 0 4
v = diag(x,2)
v=
0 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
v = diag(x,0)
v=
2 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0
0 0 0 5 0
0 0 0 0 4
v = diag(x,-2)
v=
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 5 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 4 0 0
4. Lnh EYE
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn n v.
b) C php:
y = eye(n)
y = eye(n,m)
c) Gii thch:
n: to ma trn c n hng, n ct.
m, n: to ma trn c m hng, n ct.
d) V d:
y = eye(3)
y=
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
y = eye(3,5)
y=
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
5. Lnh FLIPLR
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn cc phn t ca cc ma trn theo th t ct ngc li.
b) C php:
b = fliplr(a)
c) Gii thch:
b: tn ma trn c chuyn i.
a: tn ma trn cn chuyn i.
d) V d:
a=
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
b = fliplr(a)
4 3 2 1 0
9 8 7 6 5
6. Lnh FLIPUD
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn cc phn t ca ma trn theo th t hng ngc li.
b) C php:
b = flipud(a)
c) Gii thch:
b: tn ma trn c chuyn i.
a: tn ma trn cn chuyn i.
d) V d:
a=
1 4
2 5
3 6
b = flipud(a)
b=
3 6
2 5
1 4
7. Lnh INV
a) Cng dng:
Tm ma trn nghch o.
b) C php:
Ma trn nghch o = inv (ma trn)
c) V d:
Tm ma trn nghch o ca a.
a=
1 2 0
2 5 -1
4 10 -1
b = inv(a)
b=
5 2 -2
-2 -1 1
0 -2 1
8. Lnh to ma trn
a) Cng dng:
Dng to 1 ma trn gm c n hng v m ct.
b) C php:
Tn ma trn = [a11 a12a1m ; a21 a22 a2m ;;]
c) Gii thch:
a11, a12, a1m l cc gi tr ti hng 1 ct 1 n cc gi tr ti hng 1 ct m, c n du (;) l c n
hng.
d) V d:
To ma trn gm 3 hng v 3 ct vi gi tr l
1 2 3
4 5 6
1 0 0
a = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 1 0 0]
a= 1 2 3
4 5 6
1 0 0
9. Lnh to vector n
a) Cng dng:
Lnh ny dng to 1 vector n gm c n phn t.
b) C php 1:
Tn vector = [pt1 pt2 pt3 ptn]
c) Gii thch:
pt1 pt2 ptn: l cc s thc.
d) V d:
To vector a gm c 4 phn t, vi cc gi tr l:1, 3, 7, 4
a = [1 3 7 4]
a=
1 3 7 4
e) C php 2:
Tn vector = gt:csc:gtkt
f) Gii thch:
gt: l gi tr bt u ca vector.
csc: cp s cng.
gtkt: gi tr kt thc.
g) V d:
To vector a c gi tr bt u 0.2, gi tr kt thc pi/2
(= 1.5708), cp s cng 0,3.
a = 0.2;0.3;pi/2
a=
0.2000 0.5000 0.8000 1.1000 1.4000
10. Lnh LINSPACE
a) Cng dng:
To vector c gi tr ngu nhin gii hn trong khong nh trc.
b) C php:
y = linspace(x1, x2)
y = linspace(x1, x2, n)
c) Gii thch:
y: tn ca vector.
x1, x2: gii hn gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca vector y.
n: s phn t ca vector y.
Nu khng c gi tr n th mc nh n = 100.
d) V d:
y = linspace(1, 10, 7)
y = 1.0000 2.5000 4.0000 5.5000 7.0000 8.5000 10.0000
11. Ma trn chuyn v
a) Cng dng:
Ma trn chuyn v = ma trn ang c.
b) C php:
To 1 ma trn chuyn v t 1 ma trn ang c.
c) V d:
a=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
ma trn chuyn v b
b = a
b=
4 7
5 8
6 9
12. Lnh MAGIC
a) Cng dng:
To 1 ma trn vung c tng ca cc phn t trong 1 hng, 1 ct hoc trn ng cho bng
nhau.
b) C php:
Tn ma trn = magic(n)
c) Gii thch:
n: kch thc ma trn.
Gi tr ca mi phn t trong ma trn l mt dy s nguyn lin tc t 1 n 2n.
Tng cc hng, ct v cc ng cho u bng nhau.
d) V d:
tmt = magic(3)
tmt =
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
13. Nhn ma trn
a) Cng dng:
Ma trn kt qu = ma trn 1* ma trn 2.
b) V d:
Ta c 2 ma trn a v b nh trn v c l ma trn kt qu
c = a*b
c=
14 32 50
32 77 122
50 122 194
14. Lnh ONES
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn m gi tr ca cc phn t l 1.
b) C php:
y = ones(n)
y = ones(m,n)
c) Gii thch:
y = tn ma trn.
n: to ma trn c n hng
d) V d:
y = ones(3)
y=
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
y = ones(3,5)
y=
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
15. Lnh PASCAL
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn theo quy lun tam gic Pascal.
b) C php:
pascal (n)
c) Gii thch:
n: l s hng (ct)
d) V d:
pascal(4)
ans =
1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4
1 3 6 10
1 4 10 20
16. Lnh RAND
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn m kt m gi tr ca cc phn t l ngu nhin.
b) C php:
y = rand(n)
y = rand(m,n)
c) Gii thch:
y: tn ma trn.
n: to ma trn c n hng, n ct.
Gi tr ca cc phn t nm trong khong [0 1]
d) V d:
y = rand(3)
y=
0.9340 0.0920 0.7012
0.8462 0.6539 0.7622
0.5269 0.4160 0.7622
y = rand(3,5)
y=
0.2625 0.3282 0.9910 0.9826 0.6515
0.0475 0.6326 0.3653 0.7227 0.0727
0.7361 0.7564 0.2470 0.7534 0.6316
17. Lnh RESHAPE
a) Cng dng:
nh dng li kch thc ma trn.
b) C php:
b = reshape(a,m,n)
c) Gii thch:
b: ma trn c nh dng li.
a: ma trn cn c nh dng.
m, n: s hng v s ct ca b.
Ma trn a phi c s phn t l: m*n.
d) V d:
a=
1 4 7 10
2 5 8 11
3 6 9 12
b = reshape(a,2,6)
b=
1 3 5 7 9 11
2 4 6 8 10 12
18. Lnh ROT90
a) Cng dng:
Xoay ma trn 900.
b) C php:
b = rot90(a)
c) Gii thch:
b: ma trn c xoay 900
a: ma trn cn xoay.
d) V d:
a=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
b = rot90(a)
b=
3 6 9
2 5 8
1 4 7
19. Lnh TRACE
a) Cng dng:
Tnh tng cc phn t ca ng cho ma trn.
b) C php:
d = trace(a)
c) Gii thch:
d: bin cha kt qu.
a: tn ma trn.
d) V d:
a=
2 8 3
4 7 1
6 9 2
d = trace(a)
d = 11
20. Lnh TRIL
a) Cng dng:
Ly phn na di ma trn theo hnh.
b) C php:
I = tril(x)
I = tril(x,k)
c) Gii thch:
I: tn ma trn kt qu.
k: tham s.
Nu k = o ly t ng cho tr xung.
Nu k = n ly t ng cho tr ln n n v.
Nu k = -n ly t ng cho tr xung n n v.
d) V d:
a=
5 9 13
6 10 14
7 11 15
8 12 16
i = tril(a)
i=
1 0 0 0
2 6 0 0
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
i = tril(a,0)
i=
1 0 0 0
2 6 0 0
3 7 11 0
4 8 12 16
i = tril(a,1)
i=
1 5 0 0
2 6 10 0
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
i = tril(a,-1)
i=
0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 7 0 0
4 8 12 0
21. Lnh TRIU
a) Cng dng:
Ly phn na trn ma trn theo hnh tam gic.
b) C php:
I = triu(x)
I = triu(x,k)
c) Gii thch:
I: tn ma trn kt qa.
k: tham s
Nu k = 0 ly t ng cho tr ln.
Nu k = n ly t ng cho tr xung n n v.
Nu k = -n ly t ng cho tr ln n n v.
d) V d:
a=
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16
I = triu(a)
I=
1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0 16
I = triu(a,0)
I=
1 5 9 13
0 6 10 14
0 0 11 15
0 0 0 16
I = triu(a,-1)
I=
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
0 7 11 15
0 0 12 16
I = triu(a,1)
I= 0 5 9 13
0 0 10 14
0 0 0 15
0 0 0 0
22. Lnh ZEROS
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn m gi tr ca cc phn t
b) C php:
y = zeros(n)
y = zeros(m,n)
c) Gii thch:
y: tn ma trn.
n: to ma trn c n hng v n ct.
d) V d:
y = zeros(3)
y=
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
y = zeros(3,7)
y=
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IX. CC PHP TNH I S

1. Lnh CONV
a) Cng dng:
Nhn hai a thc.
b) C php:
c = conv(a,b)
c) Gii thch:
a,b: a thc
c: tch s ca a,b
Cch khai bo: sp xp bin theo th t gim dn ca ly tha.
d) V d:
Nhn hai a thc (3x2+4x+5).(2x3-3x2+2)
a = [0 3 4 5]
a=0 3 4 5
b = [2 -3 0 2]
b =2 -3 0 2
c = conv(a,b)
c=0 6 -1 -2 -9 8 10
2. Lnh CUMPROD
a) Cng dng:
Nhn dn cc phn t.
b) C php:
cp = cumprod (a)
c) Gii thch:
cp: bin cha kt qa
a: tn ca ma trn hay vector.
d) V d:
b= 1 9 3 4
cp =cumprod(b)
cp = 1 9 27 108
a=
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
cp = cumprod(a)
cp =1 3 5
9 3 10
36 6 10
3. Lnh CUMSUM
a) Cng dng:
Cng dn cc phn t.
b) C php:
cs = cumprod(a)
c) Gii thch:
cs: bin cha kt qu.
a: l tn ca ma trn hay vector.
d) V d:
b=1 10 1 2 5
cs = cumsum(b)
cs =1 11 12 14 19
a=
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
cs = cumsum(a)
cs =
1 3 5
10 4 7
14 6 8
4. Lnh DECONV
a) Cng dng:
Chia hai a thc.
b) C php:
[q,r] =deconv(a,b)
c) Gii thch:
a,b: a thc.
q: thng s ca a, b.
r: s d.
Cch khai bo: sp xp bin theo th t gim dn ca ly tha.
d) V d:
Chia 2 a thc (2x2+3x+6)/(2x+3)
a = [2 3 6]
b = [2 3]
[q,r] = deconv (a,b)
q=1 0
r= 0 0 6
5. Lnh EXPM
a) Cng dng:
Tnh ex
b) C php:
kq = expm(x)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bincha kt qa.
d) V d:
kq = expm(3)
kq = 20.0855
6. Lnh FMIN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s.
b) C php:
x = fmin(fuction,x1,x2)
c) Gii thch:
x: bin cha kt qu.
fuction: tn hm s.
x1, x2: khong kho st.
d) V d:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s: x3-2x-5 trong khong [0 2]
x =fmin(x.^3-2*x-5,0,2);
x = 0.8165
y = f(x)
y = -6.0887
7. Lnh FPLOT
a) Cng dng:
V th ca hm s.
b) C php:
fplot(fun,[xmin,xmax]
c) Gii thch:
fun: tn hm s.
xmin, xmax: xc nh khong cn v.
d) V d:
fplot(x.^3-2*x-5,[0,2]);
grid;
8. Lnh FZERO
a) Cng dng:
Tm im 0 ca hm s.
b) C php:
fzero(fun,x0)
c) Gii thch:
im 0 ca hm s l im (0,x), y cng chnh l nghim ca hm s. Nu hm s c
nhiu nghim th s tm c nghim gn gi tr x0.
fun: tn hm s.
c) V d:
Tm gi tr 0 ca hm s: x2-5x+3.
Trc tin ta khai bo hm s f trong tp tin f.m: (xem thm lnh function)
function y = f(x);
y = x.^2-5*x+3;
Sau , to tp tin gt0.m:
x = 0:10;
% Gi tr x0 = 0
z = fzero(f,0);
sprinf(z = %3f,z)
z = 0.382
% Gi tr x0 = 2
z = fzero(f,2);
sprintf(z = %.3f,z)
z = 2.618
% V th hm s minh ha:
z = fzero(f,0);
fplot(f,[0,5];
grid;
hold on;
plot(z,0,o);
hold off
9. Lnh MAX
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr ln nht.
b) C php:
m = max(x)
[m,i] = max(x) v = max(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
x,y,v:tn vector.
m: gi tr ln nht.
i: v tr ca m.
Nu x l ma trn tm ra gi tr ln nht ca mi ct.
d) V d:
x=3 5 2 1 4
m= max(x)
m=5
[m,i] = max(x)
m =5
i =2
y= 1 6 8 -5 3
v =max(x,y)
v=3 6 8 1 4
b=
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = max(b)
m=3 8 9
[m,i] = max(b)
m= 3 8 9
i=1 3 2
a=
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = max(a,b)
v=
3 6 6
7 7 9
4 8 8
10. Lnh MEAN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr trung bnh.
b) C php:
M hnh = mean(a)
c) Gii thch:
m: bin cha kt qa.
a: tn vector hay ma trn cn tnh gi tr trung bnh.
Nu a l ma trn th tnh gi tr trung bnh ca mi ct.
d) V d:
b=1 10 1 2 5
m = mean(b)
m = 3.8000
a=
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
m = mean(a)
m = 4.6667 2.0000 2.6667
11. Lnh MIN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr nh nht
b) C php:
m = min(x)
[m,i] = min(x)
v = min(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
x,y,v: tn vector.
m: l gi tr ln nht.
i: l v tr ca m.
N x l ma trn tm ra gi tr nh nht trong mi ct.
d) V d:
x=3 5 2 1 4
m = min(x)
m=1
i =4
y =1 6 8 -5 3
v = min(x,y)
v=1 5 2 -5 3
b=
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = min(b)
m=1 6 1
i=2 1 3
a=
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = min(a,b)
v=
0 3 2
1 1 1
2 6 1
12. Lnh PROD
a) Cng dng:
Nhn cc phn t.
b) C php:
p = prod(x)
c) Gii thch:
p: bin cha kt qu.
x: tn ma trn hay dy s.
Nu l ma trn nhn tng phn t cu mi ct.
d) V d:
a=2 3 4 5
p = prod(a)
p = 20
b=
2 2 3
5 6 4
7 5 4
p =prot(b)
p =70 60 48
13. Lnh ROOTS
a) Cng dng:
Tm nghim ca a thc.
b) C php:
r = roots(p)
c) Gii thch:
r: bin cha kt qu.
p: tn biu thc.
d) V d:
Tm nghim cu phng trnh: x2-1 =0
p = [1 0 -1]
r = roots(p);
disp(r)
-1.0000
1.0000
14. Lnh SORT
a) Cng dng:
Sp xp mng hay ma trn theo th t tng dn.
b) C php:
kq = sort(x)
[kq,i] = sort(x)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin ch kt qu.
i: s th t cu phn t trc khi sp xp.
Nu x l ma trn th sp xp theo th t tng dn ca tng ct.
d) V d:
a=2 8 5 6 -3 9
kq = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
[kq,i] = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
i= 5 1 3 4 2 6
b=
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
kq =sort(b)
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 4 2
3 6 5
[kq,i] = sort(b)
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 1 2
3 6 5
i=
3 2 1
2 1 3
1 3 2
15. Lnh SUM
a) Cng dng:
Tnh tng ca cc phn t.
b) C php:
s = sum(x)
c) Gii thch:
s: l bin cha kt qu.
x: l tn ma trn.
Nu x l ma trn th s l tng ca cc ct.
d) V d:
a= 2 8 5 6 -3 9
s = sum(a)
s = 27
b=
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
s = sum(b)
s=6 7 3
X. TP LNH HA
1. Lnh AXES
a) Cng dng:
t cc trc ta ti v tr nh trc.
b) C php:
axes(propertyname, propertyvalue )
c) Gii thch:
Tng ng vi mt propertyname i km vi 1 propertyvalue.
1. position,[left, bottom, width, height]: nh v tr v kch thc ca trc.
left: khong cch t mp tri ca s n trc ng.
bottom: khong cch t mp di ca s n trc ngang.
width: chiu di ca trc ngang.
height: chiu cao trc ng.
Ghi ch:
Lun ly im [0,0] lm gc ta .
Trc ngang v trc ng c gi tr trong khong [0 1] v chia theo t l thch hp
*/ V d:
axes(position,[.1 .1 .8 .6])
2. xlim, [min,max]: nh gi tr nh nht v ln nht trn trc x.
*/ V d:
axes(xlim, [2 5])
3. ylim, [min,max]: nh gi tr nh nht v ln nht trn trc y.
*/ V d:
axes(ylim, [2 5])
nh gi tr trn c hai trc
axes(xlim, [min,max], ylim,[min,max])
2. Lnh AXIS
a) Cng dng:
Chia li trc ta .
b) C php:
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax])
axis on
axis off
c) Gii thch:
xmin, ymin, zmin: l gi tr nh nht ca cc trc x, y, z.
xmax, ymax, zmax: l gi tr ln nht ca cc trc x, y, z.
on: cho hin th trc ta .
off: khng cho hin th trc ta .
3. Lnh BAR
a) Cng dng:
V th dng ct.
b) C php:
bar(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
V gi tr x theo gi tr y.
d) V d:
x = -pi:0.2:pi;
bar(x,sin(x));
grid on
title(Do thi ham sin(x) dang thanh)
xlabel(truc x (rad))
ylabel(y = sin(x))
4. Lnh CLA
a) Cng dng:
Xa tt c cc i tng nh: ng th, tn thnhng khng xa trc ta .
b) C php:
cla
5. Lnh CLF
a) Cng dng:
Xa hnh nh ( th) hin ti.
b) C php:
clf
6. Lnh CLOSE
a) Cng dng:
ng hnh nh ( th) hin ti.
b) C php:
close
7. Lnh COLORMAP
a) Cng dng:
To mu sc cho th trong khng gian 3 chiu.
b) C php:
colormap(map)
colormap(default)
c) Gii thch:
Colormap l s trn ln ca 3 mu c bn: red, green, blue. Ty theo t l ca 3 mu c bn
m cho ra cc mu sc khc nhau.
default: mu c c l mu mc nh.
map: bin cha cc thng s sau:
Map mu c c
Bone gray + blue
Cool cyan + magenta
Flag red + white + blue + black
Gray gray
Hot black + red + yellow + white
Pink pink
8. Lnh FIGURE
a) Cng dng:
To mi hnh nh ( th).
b) C php:
figure
9. Lnh GCA
a) Cng dng:
To cc c tnh cho trc.
b) C php:
h = gca
c) Gii thch:
h: l bin gn cho lnh cga.
Cc c tnh ca trc gm c:
C php Gii thch

Set(gca,XScale,log, nh n v trn trc ta : trc x c
Yscale,linear) n v l log v trc y c n v tuyn
tnh.
Set(gca,Xgrid,on,YGrid', To li cho th: trc x c to li
nomal) v trc y khng to li.
Set(gca,XDir',reverse, i trc ta : i trc x v pha i
YDir,normal) din, trc y gi nguyn.

Set(gca,XColor',red, t mu cho li th: t li trc x
Ycolor,yellow) mu , li trc y mu vng.
Gm c cc mu: yellow, magenta,
cyan, red, green, blue, white, black.
10. Lnh GRID

a) Cng dng:
To li ta .
b) C php:
grid on
grid off
c) Gii thch:
on: hin th li ta .
off: khng hin th li ta .
11. Lnh PLOT
a) Cng dng:
V th tuyn tnh trong khng gian 2 chiu.
b) C php:
plot(x,y)
plot(x,y,linetype)
c) Gii thch:
x,y: v gi tr x theo gi tr y.
linetype: kiu phn t to nn nt v bao gm 3 thnh phn:
- Thnh phn th nht l cc k t ch mu sc:
K t Mu
y Vng
m ti
c L
r
g Lc
b Lam
w Trng
k en
- Thnh phn th hai l cc k t ch nt v ca th:
K t Loi nt v
- ng lin nt
: ng chm chm
-. ng gch chm
-- ng nt t on
- Thnh phn th ba l cc k t ch loi im nh du gm:., o, x, +, *
d) V d:
V th hm y = sin(x) vi th mu lam, ng lin nt v nh du cc im c chn
bng du *, trc x thay i t 0 ti 2, mi bc thay i l /8
x = 0:pi/8:2*pi;
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y, b-* )
ylabel(y = sin(x))
xlabel(Truc x)
title(Do thi ham y = sin(x))
grid on
12. Lnh SUBPLOT

a) Cng dng:
To cc trc trong mt phn ca ca s ha.
b) C php:
subplot(m,n,p)
subplot(mnp)
c) Gii thch:
subplot(m,n,p) hoc subplot(mnp)thnh ca s ha thnh mn vng v nhiu th
trn cng mt ca s.
m: s hng c chia.
n: s ct c chia
p: s th t vng chn v th.
Nu khai bo p > mn th s xut hin mt thng bo li.
d) V d:
Chia ca s ha thnh 23 vng v hin th trc ca c 6 vng.
subplot(231)
subplot(232)
subplot(233)
subplot(234)
subplot(235)
subplot(236)
13. Lnh SEMILOGX, SEMILOGY

a) Cng dng:
V th theo logarith.
b) C php:
semylogx(x,y)
semylogx(x,y,linetype)
semylogy(x,y)
semylogy(x,y,linetype)
c) Gii thch:
semylogx v semylogy ging nh lnh plot nhng ch khc mt iu l lnh ny v th
theo trc logarith. Do , ta c th s dng tt c cc loi linetype ca lnh plot.
d) V d:
V th hm y = x2 3x + 2 theo trc logarith ca x.
x = 0:100;
y = x.^2-3*x+2;
semylogx(x,y,b)
grid on
14. Lnh POLAR

a) Cng dng:
V th trong h trc ta cc.
b) C php:
polar(theta,rno)
c) Gii thch:
d) V d:
t = -pi:0.01:pi;
polar(t, sin(t))
15. Lnh SET

a) Cng dng:
Thit lp cc c tnh cht cho i tng no .
b) C php:
set(h, propertyname, propertyvalue,)
c) Gii thch:
h: bin cha i tng.
PropertyName v PropertyValue c cho trong bng sau:
C php PropertyName PropertyValue Gii thch

Set(h,Marker,+) Marker -, --, :, -. , o, , +, * Chn kiu phn t
Set(h,LineWidth,1) LineWidth 1, 2, 3, dy nt v
Set(h,MarkerSize,9) MarkerSize 1, 2, 3, Kch thc cc im to
nn h
Set(h,color,cyan) Color yellow,magenta, Chn mu cho i tng h
red,green,blue,
cyan,white,black
d) V d:
a = [1 2 3 4 5 4 3 4 5 6];
h = plot(a)
set(h,color,black)
16. Lnh STAIRS

a) Cng dng:
V th dng bc thang.
b) C php:
stairs(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
d) V d:
x = -pi:0.2:pi;
stairs(x,sin(x))
xlabeL(Truc x)
ylabel(y = stairs(x,sin(x))
grid on
17. Lnh TITLE

a) Cng dng:
t tiu cho th.
b) C php:
title(text)
c) Gii thch:
text: tn tiu .
18. Lnh XLABEL, YLABEL, ZLABEL
a) Cng dng:
t tn cho trc X, Y, Z.
b) C php:
xlabel(nx)
ylabel(ny)
zlabel(nz)
c) Gii thch:
nx, ny, nz: tn trc x, y, z
19. Lnh WHITEBG
a) Cng dng:
Thay i mu nn ca ca s ha.
b) C php:
whitebg
whitebg(color)
c) Gii thch:
whitebg chuyn i qua li mu nn ca s ha gia trng v en.
whitebg(color) chuyn mu nn ca s ha thnh mu ca bin color.
color c th l cc mu: yellow (vng), magenta ( ti), cyan (l), red (), green (lc),
blue (lam), white (trng), black (en).
BT3c: c vit trong BT3c.m. Bi tp ny tng hp t cc sch The Student Edition of

MATLAB, The MATLAB 5. Handboox, ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
%BT3c: VE QUA DIA CAU
[x,y]=meshgrid(-3:0.1:3);
z=peaks(x,y);
meshc(x,y,z)
pause
k=5;
n=2^k-1;
[x,y,z]=sphere(n);
c=hadamard(2^k);
surf(x,y,z,c);
colormap([1 1 0;0 1 1])
pause
t=0:pi/10:2*pi;
[x,y,z]=cylinder(2+cos(t));
surf(x,y,z)
pause
[x,y,z]=cylinder(1:10);
surfnorm(x,y,z)
pause
[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:.2:2,-2:.2:2,-2:.2:2);
v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);
slice(v,[5 15 21],21,[1 10],21)
pause
[X,Y]=meshgrid(-3:.5:3);
Z=peaks(X,Y);
[XI,YI]=meshgrid(-3:.25:3);
ZI=interp2(X,Y,Z,XI,YI);
mesh(X,Y,Z), hold, mesh(XI,YI,ZI+15)
hold off
axis([-3 3 -3 3 -5 20])
pause
syms x y
ezsurf(real(atan(x+i*y)))
[x,y]=meshdom(-12:.6:12,-12:.6:12);
r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
z=bessel(0,r);
m=[-45 60];
mesh(z,m)
Khi chy chng trnh ta l lt c kt qu:

Cng l hm bessel nhng ta kho st ring 1 bi:

%hm bessel
[x,y]=meshdom(-12:.6:12,-12:.6:12);
r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
z=bessel(0,r);
m=[-45 60];
mesh(z,m)

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Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng

num='PHAM QUOC TRUONG'

PHAM QUOC TRUONG

15. Lnh HELP

II. CC TON T V K T C BIT

Ton t Cng dng

x*y php ton sai x. * y 10

2.. Ton t quan h (Relational Operators):

Ton t Cng dng

x>=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] %so snh trc tip x (x l 5) vi ma trn

ans = % r rng cc ph t 1,2,3,4,5 u <= 5

A=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] % ta t ma trn A

x=A % dng lnh ny tc l cho x= ma trn A

x=5 % cho li x=5

3. Ton t logig (Logical Operators):

Ton t Cng dng

K hiu Cng dng

Khai bo Cng dng

III. CC HM LOGIC (LOGICAL FUNCTION)

a=[1 2 3;4 0 6;7 8 9]

a=[1 2 0;0 3 5;2 6 8]

c=[1 2 0 4;0 2 0 4;1 2 3 4;3 4 5 6]

2 item ang tn ti trn a (ch kim tra trong th mc hin hnh)

IV. NHM LNH LP TRNH TRONG MATLAB

5. Lnh IF ELSEIF ELSE

B1(BT4a): Vit chng trnh nhp vo mt s n(n>=0)

Khi chy chng trnh:

Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng

Khao sat ung dung MATLAB trong dieu khien tu dong

do an cua pham quoc truong

VI. CC HM GIAO TIP

Tn hm lng gic Gii thch

15. Lnh SIGN

VIII. TP LNH THAO TC TRN MA TRN

IX. CC PHP TNH I S

C php Gii thch

YDir,normal) din, trc y gi nguyn.

10. Lnh GRID

12. Lnh SUBPLOT

13. Lnh SEMILOGX, SEMILOGY

14. Lnh POLAR

15. Lnh SET

C php PropertyName PropertyValue Gii thch

16. Lnh STAIRS

17. Lnh TITLE

BT3c: c vit trong BT3c.m. Bi tp ny tng hp t cc sch The Student Edition of

Khi chy chng trnh ta l lt c kt qu:

Cng l hm bessel nhng ta kho st ring 1 bi:

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