You are on page 1of 60

045

1

055 - . ,
, .
.

, .
: .

()

f , a , b F
x
F x a x b , a , b - f t dt -
a

, a, b - . F ' x f x

:
.

0555 - ,
.
, ,
.
.
, -
, .
.
.
71 -
. ( )
( ) .
.
,
, .
1

, .

1
,- , .Caroline Yoon
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
047


, , .
. , .


) F ( x ) f ( x ) F ( x ) f ( x x ) . f ( x

F ( x) x 4 , f ( x) 4 x3 . x 4 4 x 3
'

) f ( x F ( x) -- , )F ( x
. f (x) -

F ( x) x 4 ? f ( x) 4 x 3 . , C
F ( x) x 4 C . f ( x) 4 x 3

) F (x ) , f (x:
. F ( x) C : .
. ) f (x ( , , ) F ( x) C
). f (x

. .
. ) f (x . F x G (x) - ) . f (x
). G( x) F ( x

G ( x) F ( x)
'
G '( x) F '( x) 0 x :

) G( x) F ( x
. G( x) F ( x) C 2 G( x) F ( x) C :


, f x :
, .

2
760

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
040


f x ?


1
. f x , .
x
1
. ,0 0, f x x .
x
. F x ln x

ln x ,
x0
K ( x)
ln x 1, x 0

1
f x .
x


1
? f x
x

:
ln x C1 , x 0
F x
ln x C2 , x0

C1 , C2 , ,
1
. f x -
x


) f ' ( x ) . f (x
) f (x 0 ,
..
2

0
x 6x 8
2
x2
2
f ( x ) x 6 x 8 x 6 x 8
2
2 x4
2
x 6 x 8 4 x

0 . 2 x 4
0
, .
2
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
040


1
, f x
x
. .
.

.

f x f x . f x dx

f x , f x
, , f x - , . .
f x . F ( x) -
( ) S , - sum.

. f x f x dx
F x , f x f x dx :3 F x
dF x F x dx f x dx
dx . x
3

3ax 2 dx ax 3 c , . 3ax 2 da a 2 x 2 c x a - .
2
a x - . .

sin xdx cos x C .8 dx x C .7


x a 1
cos xdx sin x C .9 x a dx
a 1
C a 1 .0
dx 1 1
sin 2
x
cot x C .75 x 2
dx C
x
.0
dx 1
cos 2 x
tan x C .77 x
dx 2 x C .4
dx

1
1 x 2
arcsin( x) C arccos( x) C .70 xdx ln x C .0

dx
arctan( x) C arc cot( x) C e dx e C
x x
.70 .6
1 x2
ax
a x dx C a 0 .1
ln a
1
3
700

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
044

. ,
,
.
,
.


) f ( x) g ( x) f ( x) g ( x f ( x) g ( x) dx f (x)dx g (x)dx : :

) af ( x) af ( x af ( x) dx a f ( x)dx : :

F (ax b ) aF (ax b ) ::
1
f x dx F x C a
, f ax b dx :
F ax b C

, ,
.
.



.
.
:1
' g ' , f h' - g , f. h -

'h 'g 'f

,
( ) , .
f g - - ,
.
' h
. , .
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
040

:2
,
, , .
. ,
" " .
, .
. . , ,
.


F ( x) xF ( x) x 5 : : f ( x) 1
f ( x) x
f ( x) x 2
f ( x) x3
f ( x) x 4
f ( x) x5
n , f ( x) x n
2

n , f ( x) x n : ,:
x n 1
n , F ( x) . " : ".
n 1

- , ,
:

) F ( x ) , f ( x ) F ( x) f ( x x ). f ( x

" - " .
. y ' 3x 2 2x
- ...
, .
- ...
. 4
- ? , ,
- .
. . ) F ( x
? F ( x) C : .
-
:
? .788
4

. x
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
046

, ,
.


- , x 7 dx : .

, :
x 2.5 2 x2 x

x xdx x1.5 dx
2.5
C
5
C

1 x 2 1

3
dx x dx C 2 C
x 3
2 2x
dx dx
; x ,4
x
- ,:

- d ;


- , x t ; tdx tx C :

a2 t2

; ada
2
- C , tdt C : x
2


- t x . xdt xt C :

5

- , ; 6 2 x 1dx :
x

, x 1 x 3 dx : -

. 4 x 1 dx .
2

x5 2 x 2
. 6
- ,dx :

x5 2 x 2
. x2
- dx :


) f ( x . F ( x) C

- .
- , .
4
. .
4 .
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
041

) f (x .
, . . C


4x 6
. F (0) 4 , F ( x) :
5
, , .C
4x 6

F ( x)
5
dx
1
5
1

(4 x 6)dx 4 x 2 / 2 6 x C
5

2 x2 6 x
5

5
C :

2 x2 6 x
. F ( x) , F (0) 4 : . C 4 4 :
5 5
( )

4 x 1 dx
2
. .040 :

, .
16 x 2 8 x 1 dx . :
4 x 1
10
? ? . dx

:
1
. f ax b dx
F ax b C f x dx F x C
a
:
. 4 x 12 dx
4 x 13

4x 1 dx
2
. ( ) C :
3
'
4 x 13
. 4 4 x 1 :
3

3

4 - .
2
x

, ,. 5 dx :
2
dx dx
. xdx , 3 x 14
,
8 x
, 8 xdx :

, , ,
, .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
048


3
. f ( x) x 2 1 :

x
4
2
1
G ( x) ?
4 2x


3
. f ( x) x 2 1 . ) G (x -


( )
5 x7 2x 5 3x 2
, f ( x) - . :
2 x4
.
,
.
x2 1
. , f ( x) x 1 : x 1
dx :

x2 1 x2
. x 1
dx ( x 1)dx
2
) . x (1 x C , x (1) :

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
049

:
3x 2 3x 2

3
k ( x) , h( x ) 3 x 2 x 3 2 , g ( x ) , f ( x) 3x 2 x 3 2
x
3
x3 2 3
2

: u ( x) x 3 2 : . u ( x) 3 x 2 : :

)u( x )u ( x
, h( x) u( x) u( x) , g ( x) ), f ( x) u ( x) u ( x
3
k ( x)
)u ( x u ( x) 3

x
4
u ( x) 4 2
3

f ( x)dx 3x x u ( x)
3
u ( x)dx
3
2 3
2 dx C C
4 4
3x 2 )u ( x 1
dx u ( x)
)( 3
g ( x)dx dx u ( x) u ( x)dx C
x
3 3 2
3
2 2 x3 2


3/2
3 u ( x) 3 x3 2
3/2

h( x)dx 3x x 2dx u ( x) u ( x)dx C C


2 3
2 2
3x 2 )u ( x
k ( x)dx x 23
dx )u ( x
dx 2 u ( x) C 2 x 3 2 C

: .

. x f x dx x
. , x :
. s, t , u , u :
u3
u 2 du
3
C

u ?
- :

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
005


. f x - F x , f x , x
u u x , x:

f u du F u C

- :
F x f x
,- :

F u x F u u u x f u u x
, F u x . f u x u x
:
f u x u x dx F u x C
, u x dx du - .5

f u du F u C
.


- x
, () .,
u a 1
u a du C a 1
a 1
, u x , u sin x u ln x'.

- .
.

5
.700

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
007

- x u f x dx

. u x / ( ) . x u
. du x dx/ ( ) . dx u du
. u , x du, dx . u
. u .
. . x

e cos xdx :
sin x


, e sin x e sin x -
.:

cos xdx e C
sin x sin x
e

, .
, .
u x :
u sin x
du
u ' ( x) cos x
dx
du cos xdx
:
e
cos xdx e du e C e C
sin x u u sin x

2
:

1 x
3
dx

, .
:
.u x
:
x u 2

dx
x '(u ) 2u
du
dx 2udu

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
000

, u : x

1 x 1 u 2udu 2 u 3u
3 3
dx 2
3u 3 u 4 du
u2 3 u5 3 2x2 x
2 u3 u 4 C x 2x x x2 C
2 4 5 2 5
3
ex
e2 x 1
dx

:
u x :
u ex
du
u ' ( x) ex
dx
du e x dx
:


ex
e 1
2x
dx 2
1
u 1
du arctan u C arctan e x C

4
ex 1
. )(e 1
x 2
dx x
e 1
c . :

ex ex
. (e x 1) 2
dx
ex 1
c . - :

. ?


-
.

,
, .
- .

, ,
, .
, " ".

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
000

cos xdx sin x C , sin xdx cos x C


dx dx
cos 2
x
tan x C , sin 2
x
cot x C


:1 . cos 2 xdx , sin 2 xdx :

, .
? , :
sin 3 x sin 3 x
sin 2 xdx
3cos x
() C : sin 2 xdx
3
() C

, - , ,
. () ) sin( x x
. x () ,
. ) sin( x ,
.

, ,
.
:
1 cos 2 x x sin 2 x
sin xdx dx C ,
2
2 2 4
cos 2 x 1 x sin 2 x
cos xdx dx C .
2
2 2 4

:2 :
sin x 2
1 cos x 1
2

tan
xdx dx
dx
1 dx tan x x C
2
2
cos x
2 2
cos x cos x

sin xdx
cos 5
x
:3 :

,, du sin x , u cos x :
sin xdx du 1 1
. cos 5
x

u 5
4u
4 C
4cos 4 x
C :

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
004

sin 2 xdx
:4 :

2
5 cos 2 x
:
du 2cos x sin xdx sin 2 xdx , u 5 cos2 x
sin 2 xdx du 1 1
. C C :
5 cos x 5 cos 2 x
2 2
2 u u


:
1 1
arccos( x) , arcsin( x)
1 x2 1 x2
1 1
arc cot'( x) , arctan ( x)
1 x 2
1 x2
, :
dx dx
1 x 2
arccos( x) C .0 : 1 x2
arcsin( x) C .7

dx dx
1 x2
arc cot( x) C .4 : 1 x2
arctan( x) C .0

1
f ( x)
x
) , F ( x) ln( x
1
. f ( x) -
x
1
. f ( x)
x
, x - .
1
( f ( x) .)0
5 x
x 0 : . x 0 :

, x 0 :
. x 0
) F ( x) ln( x , x -
.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
000

1 1
F ( x) ln( x) F ( x) ln( x) : . (1) :
)( x x

ln( x) , x 0 1
( , F ( x) ln x .)6 f ( x) - :
ln( x) , x 0 x

dx
. x
ln x C :

y
1
. f ( x)
x
1
x -, f ( x)

x
, ,
.
6 1
f ( x)
x
dx ln( x) C1 , x 0
.
x ln( x) C2 , x 0
:


x2 2 x 2
. f ( x) .1 :
1 x2
x2 2 x 2 2x 1
. f ( x) 1 : :
1 x 2
1 x 1 x2
2

:
x2 2 x 2 2 xdx dx
1 x 2
dx dx
1 x 2

1 x2
. .
:

dx x C 1

2 xdx (1 x 2 )
1 x 2

1 x 2
dx ln(1 x 2 ) C2

dx
1 x 2
arctan( x) C3

:
x2 2 x 2
1 x2
dx x ln(1 x 2 ) arctan( x) C

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
006

1 2
. f ( x) .2 :
2x 1 x 3
1 2 1
2 x 1 x 3 dx 2 ln | 2 x 1| 2ln | x 3 | C : :


a x ' a x ln a : , a 0:
ax

, a x dx e x dx e x C :
ln a
C

ex
. f ( x) :1 :
1 ex
: .
e x dx u ( x)dx )u( x
.
1 e x

)u ( x
, f ( x) . u ( x) 1 e x : 2 u ( x) C 2 1 e x C :
)u ( x
:

:2 . f ( x ) 2 x :
x
x 1
, 2 : : : :
2
x
1
x 2 2 x 2 x

2 x dx dx C
1
2 1 ln 21
C
ln 2
C
ln
2
, :
2 x 2 x
2 x dx
)ln 2 (1
C
ln 2
C

2 x 2 x
. f ( x) :3 :
2 x 2 x

: . 2 x 2 x ' 2 x ln 2 2 x ln 2 : :
u ( x)ln 2

f ( x) , u ( x) 2 x 2 x:
)u ( x
2 x 2 x u ( x)ln 2dx
2 2
x x
dx )u ( x
ln 2ln | u ( x) | C ln 2ln(2 x 2 x ) C

:4 . f ( x) esin x cos x :


: , u ( x) sin x :. esin x cos xdx eu ( x) u ( x) dx eu( x) C esin x C :

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
001


.
.

. u x v x u ' x v x u x v ' x :
'

ux vx dx u' x vx ux v' x dx
'
. , :

. u x vx dx u ' x vx dx u x v' x dx :

. u ' x v x dx u x v x dx u x v' x dx :

uxvx C
:

u x v x dx u x v x u x v x dx C

,
.

, u x v x dx :
.

:

u vdx uv uv dx
:1 . f x xe x :

: . v( x) 1 , v( x) x , u ( x ) e x , u ( x) e x :


. xe x dx xe x e x dx xe x e x C :

:

2
x
. v( x) e x , v( x) e x , u ( x) , u( x) x : . v( x) 1 , v( x) x , u ( x ) e x , u ( x) e x :
2
xe dx xe e dx xe e x C :
x x x x
x2 x2 x
xe x dx e x
2 2 e dx :

x
.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
008


v ' , u
. 7 .
:2 . f ( x) ln( x) :
1
: . v( x) , v( x) ln( x) , u( x) 1 , u ( x) x :
x
1

. ln xdx xln x x dx xln x 1dx xln x x C :
x

:3 . f ( x) sin 3 ( x) :

: . v( x) 2sin x cos x , v( x) sin 2 x , u( x) sin x , u ( x) cos x :


. sin 3 xdx cos x sin 2 x 2 cos 2 x sin xdx :

. , t x cos x : , t x sin x ::
)t 3 ( x cos3 x

cos2 x sin xdx t 2 ( x)t ( x)dx
3
C
3
C

2cos3 x

. sin 3 xdx cos x sin 2 x
3
C :

:4 f ( x ) x 2 sin x :
.-
, .
: , u ( x ) x 2 , v( x) cos( x) - :
du 2 xdx ,v cos x

x
2
sin xdx x 2 cos x 2 x cos x dx

u dv
uv vdu
du dx ,v sin x


x 2 cos x 2 x cos xdx
u dv

uv

x 2 cos x 2 x sin x sin xdx
vdu
x 2 cos x 2 x sin x 2cos x C

:5
. f ( x) e x cos x :

, .
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
009

: . v( x) sin( x) , u ( x ) e x ::
du e x dx ,v sin x


I e cos xdx
e x sin x e x sin xdx
x

u dv uv vdu
du e x dx ,v cos x

e x sin x e x sin xdx



e x sin x e x cos x cos x e x dx
u uv vdu
dv

e x sin x cos x I

. I e x sin x cos x I :
e x cos x e x sin x
.I I . :
2
e x cos x e x sin x

. e x cos xdx
2
, , C :

. ,
. .
. ,

2
. . e x dx :
2
f ( x) e x ,R , ( )
..

:3

. :
.1
.

0 0 0 0

1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4
y x 4 x3 2 x2 . y x 4 x3 . y x 4 x3 2 x2 1 .. y x 4 x3 .
4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
065

x 0 . x 2 -
. , .
1 x 2 , .
.6 - ,

. . y ' ax x 2 a x3 4 x 2 4 x
2

1 4
. y a x 4 x3 2 x 2 c :
4 3
. a 1 - . y - 1
1 4
, . c 0 y x 4 x3 2 x 2 1.
4 3
:
1 x 0 , x 2 - .
.

1 1 , y - . . c 1

1 1 , , . a 1
,
.

:4

9 , f 8 , f
' , f ' f ' ' . f
. F f
. .

9 8
.
"" , - .

6
701

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
067


7
:5 ?
y k .7 x0 , k , x x x0
( .)75
. k . y 2 x
. k . y x

. k .) a 0 ( y ax
x0 x
11
.0 x0 k , , x -
k y - ( x x0 .)77
y
. k . y 5 x 3
. k .) a, b 0 ( y ax b

.0 x1 x2 - , k , x -
x0 x y - x x1( x x2 - .)70
11
. . y 2 x
y k
. .) a 0 ( y ax

.4 x1 x2 - , k , x - y -
x x1 x x2 - ( y ax b .)70
x1 x2 x
12 .0 x0 , y 4 , x - , y -
k
. x x0

.6 x0 ,) c 0 ( y c , x -
, y - . x x0

.7 x1 x2 - ,) c 0 ( y c x -
x1 x2 x
x x1. x x2 -
13

7
" " .http://highmath.haifa.ac.il/images/data2/open1.pdf -

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
060

? .

0 ,
.

x 2x
S x2 S 2x y 2x
2

x x

1 2 x x
S x S yx
2 2 x
0

x x

1 x ax
S ax 2 S ax y ax
2 2
x x

1 (b ax b) x
S ax 2 bx S ax+b y ax b
2 2 b

x x

S cx S cx yc
c

x x
y

1 1 ) (ax1 ax2 ) ( x2 x1
S ax2 2 ax12 S y ax
2 2 2

x1 x2 x

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
060

" :
".

,
. 74 .

S 9 S 8 S 8
f ( x) 2 x f ( x) 4 f ( x) 8 2 x
F (3) F (0) 9 F (3) F (1) 8 F (3) F (1) 8
14
:6
:
) f ( x- , a x b , x -:
x =a x =b - S F (b) F (a) - ) F ( x
). f ( x

.
) f ( x - . a , b
S x -
y f x , a , x x
( a , b ' .)70 S x
. x
,
x a, b x 0 ,x x -
a , b x - .
15
. S S x x S x

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
064

S , ) f ( x . x, x x f ( x) -
, , f m . f M S
. x
:
mx S M x
:
S
m M
x
, S S x x S x , m f , M f :

S x x S x
, f x 0 f ()7
x
. x 0 x . x , f ( x) - ,:

lim f lim f f x ()0


x 0 x 0

- "'" , )7( - )0( - :


S x x S x
lim f x .
x 0 x
S x S x . x :

, S x f x . x a, b
:
, S x f x . x a, b
:
S x f x . x a, b

S x ). f ( x
F x ) f ( x . S a F x c
S a 0:
0 F a c
c F a
S x F x F a
, : x b
S b F b F a

: - , a , b
a , b ) f ( x- . F b F a
F b F a , : .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
060

: .
.



, a , b F x . f ( x) - )f ( x
b
F b F a ) f ( x , a , b : f x dx

a
b

f x dx F b F a .
a
b


b
. f ( x)dx F ( x ) a F (b) F (a ) :
a

-.
a . b .


) f ( x , a x b ) f ( x a , b
.


) f ( x , a , b .

. F1 x , F2 x . f ( x) - F2 x F1 x C C
:
. F2 b F2 a F1 b C F1 a C F1 b F1 a

.
4 4
x3 64 1

. x 2 dx
1
3 1
: f ( x) x 2 1 x 4 : 21 :
3 3

x3
F ( x) . f ( x) x 2 :1
3
x3
, , F ( x ) 5 : ,
3
.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
066

b
. f x dx F b F a
a
:2

[ ]091 , .
.:
1 1
x4 1 16
x dx 3.75
3

2
4 2
4 4


. ) sin xdx cos( x


(1) ((1)) 0

:3 - . :
b b b


, f ( x)dx F ( x) C . f ( x)dx f (t )dt f (u )du F (b ) F (a ) :
a a a

1
1 dx
, f ( x) :
x 2
x
:4 :

:5 . a b :
b a


. . f ( x) dx f ( x) dx :
a b

:6 , .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
061

76 . f ( x) x 2 1
, , x - y - . x 3
.
( 76
76 -) . .

16


.
71 . -
. - .
- ,
.
f (1) 2 , f (0) 1 :. f (2) 5 -
17
1 1 1 2 1 5 8 :

. 70 -
- , ( .)78
:
0.25 f 0 0.25 f 0.25 0.25 f 0.5 0.25 f 2.75 10.90625

.
4 .

.
18
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
068

45,555 05,555 7,555 755 04 70 0

77.9991 77.9990 77.9860 77.8600 77.4400 75.95600 8

.70 -
70 - . -
3
. .0 n ,
n
:
2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2
f (k ) k 1 , f (2 ) 2 1 , f ( ) 1 , f (0) 02 1 1
n n n n n n

sn (02 1) 3 (( 3 1)2 1)) 3 (( 3 2)2 1)) 3 ... (( 3 (n 1))2 1)) 3


n n n n n n n
3 3 3 3 3 3
)) (n ( 1)2 ( 22 ) ... ( (n 1)) 2 ) (n ( ) 2 (12 22 ...( n 1) 2
n n n n n n

7- .n
)n(n 1)(2n 1
12 22 ... n2 .
6
n -7:

Sn 3 (n ( 3 )2 (12 22 ...(n 1)2 )) 3 (n 92 (n 1)n(2n 1) )


n n n n 6
27 2n 3n2 n
3
27 9
3 3 12 2
n 6 2 n 2n

70 - n . -
f ( x) x 2 1 :

. .

. . f ( x) x 2
.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
069

:

, .

. .

. .
.
, .

f x
. a , b n --
:
a x0 x1 x2 ... xn b
.
, ,
1 ,2 ,...,n
. f n
n 4 .79

19


n
f x . a , b f x
k 1
k k xk 1

f x a , b
xk k .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
015

xk
. max xk xk 1 0 -
1 k n

f x a , b , xk , k -
b
f x , a , b , f x dx:

a
b n

f x dx lim
0
f x
k 1
k k xk 1
a

. max xk xk 1
1 k n

.
-
( .)Bernhard Riemann,1826-1866 .

k -

xk 1 , xk , f k

. 05 . n 4

,
, -
- .

21 .

f x , a , b F x - f x , a , b -
, a , b , . F b F a

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
017


x1 , x2 ,...xn1 a , b . a x1 x2 .... xn1 b -
a , b n - . a x0 - b , x n - - - n - . xn1 , xn
F ' x f x x . a , b - F x [ ,]650
- . - xk 1 , xk * k -

F xk F xk
xk xk 1

* F ' k* f k
:

F x k F x k x k x k 1 f *k
-:
F x1 F a x1 a f *1
F x2 F x1 x2 x f
1
*
2


F x n F x n 1 x n x n 1 f *n
:


n
F b F a x
k 1
k x k 1 f *k

, - .
, - .
b
. F b F a f x dx -
a
.

- - -?

- .
- - , .
, f x f x
. a , b
, - .
b
, f x dx , f x - ,
a
, a , b - - .
( ) - -
-.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
010

?
) , f ( x , x - x a
x - x . a , b
x
. S ( x) f (t )dt : ) S ( x
a

xh x xh

) S ( x h) S ( x f (t )dt f (t )dt f (t )dt


1
a a
x
h f (c) f ( x) :
h h h h c[ x , x h ] h 0

, ): f ( x

x
)S ( x) f (t )dt f ( x
a
.
:
b b n

f ( x)dx S ( x)dx lim S (ci )( xi xi 1 ) .


n
a a 0 i 1

) S ( xi ) S ( xi 1 S
S (ci ) lim lim i :
0 xi xi 1 0 x
i

b b n
Si n

f ( x)dx S ( x)dx lim xi lim Si S (b) S (a ) S (b) . :


a a
n
0 i 1
xi n
0 i 1

:1 dx .
.
dx x x -
dx , f (x) : , . ( )summation
. . S -:

:2 - . ,,
. , ,
- , .
- , .
, x - .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
010

:3
. , ) F ( x , f ( x) - S ( x) - .:
. S ( x) F ( x) C
b
). f ( x)dx S (b) F (b) C ( F (a) C ) F (b) F (a :
a



.
:7 f ( x ) x 2 (4 x 2 ) : x -
: . ,
,
.

) . f ( x) x 2 (2 x)(2 x x - ,
) (2,0 . (2,0) - - . 2 x 2

:
21 2
2 2
4 x3 x5

2 2 2 4
x (4 x ) dx (4 x x ) dx
2 2 3 5 2
32 32 32 32 2 32(5 3) 128 8
8
3 5 3 5 15 15 15

:
a 0 a
. f ( x)dx f ( x) dx f ( x) dx
a a 0
.7 :

.0 .
a a 0
.
a
] [a, af ( x) dx 2 f ( x) dx 2 f ( x) dx :
0 a
1 2
x
. dx , sin 2 xdx , cos xdx :
1
x 2
1

.0 ,
.:
4
[1,0] :. [0, 4] - x (4 x)( x 1)dx :
2

1

sin( x)(sin(2 x) 1) dx : 0,0.75 : . 0.75 , - ,
0
.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
014

:8
f ( x) a 2 x 2 : x - .06 : ? a 2

: x - . a,0 , a , 0 : ,
a
a a
2 x3 3 a 3 4a 3
0 a , a 0:
2 2 2 2
( a x ) dx 2 ( a x ) dx 2 a x 2
a 3 a 3 3
4a 3
, a 3 27 : . a 3 :. a 2 9 :
36 :
3
x a - ,
.

:9 - - x -
.
2
: x
, 3x dx
2

1
2
1
2

1
x 3x dx x3 1.5 x 2 2
2

1 3 1 6
?
. : f x x 2 3 x

.
, g x x 2 3 x
x 1 , x 2 - ( , x - .)00
2
1
2
, .
22 1
x 3x dx x3 1.5 x 2 2
2

1 3 1 6

.
) F ( x , f (x) - F ( x) - . f ( x) -:
b b
S f ( x) dx F (b) F (a) ( F (b) F (a)) f ( x)dx
a a

.
2
1
2

1
x 3x dx x3 1.5 x 2 2
2

1 3 1 6
f x x 2 3 x ( x - .)00
.:
23 2 2
.
x 2 3x dx x 2 3x dx 2
1
6

1 1

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
010

. f . f - 1, 2
. , F 3 F 0 . F 2 F 1 0

. F b F a 0 , .
( )
( -) , , ,
.
x - - :

) f ( x - ] [a, b ,:
b b
. f ( x)dx f ( x) dx
a a

- . : f ( x) : ) f ( x- ] , [a, b
b
f ( x) dx x - .
a

) f ( x , x - x -
) f ( x f ( x) . 00.00 -

b b
. S f ( x)dx , f ( x)dx :1 :
a a

. , , , ,
, .
.
, , . :
, ".

:2 , , x -
x - .

-
, , x -
. x -
x - ,
.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
016

:11 ) f ( x ) x ( x 1 x -
2

: x - (1,0) :
( .)04 .:
0


S ( x3 2 x 2 x)dx
1


0
4 3 2

x 2x x 0 ( 1 2 1 ) 1
4 3 2 1 4 3 2 12

24

:11
f ( x ) x 1 x 2 x -
-
,
f ( x) x 1 x 2 : ( . x - .)00

x -:
) . (1,0),(0,0),(1,0 x -
25 ] , [1,0 ]. [0,1

, :
0 1


S x 1 x 2 dx x 1 x 2 dx .
1 0

. , .
.


1 1 1
2 x 1
0
x 1 x 2 dx
0
2
1 x 2 dx
20
2 x 1 x 2 dx


3 1


1
1 1 2 1 1
(1 x 2 ) 1 x 2 dx (1 x 2 ) 2 (0 1)
20 2 3 3 3
0
0


, . x 1 x 2 dx : . .
1
2
.
3
1
. x
1
1 x 2 dx

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
011

- : ) f ( x - ], [a, a
a
. - x 0 - , f (0) 0 : ] (0, a f ( x) dx 0 :
a
) , f ( x (a,0] - () ,
x - ] (0, a ] . (a,0
a 0
0 - .
0
f ( x)dx : f ( x)dx
a
:
a 0
. f ( x)dx f (x)dx
0 a
:

a 0 a
. f ( x)dx 2 f ( x) dx 2 f ( x) dx :
a a 0

, , f ( x) cos x :
2


, x - . x :
2 2
:12
x -
. x - .
( . .)06 . :

()iii ()ii ()i


f ( x) x 13
2
f ( x) x 12
f ( x) x 2 4

g ( x) 1 2 x 2
g ( x ) 13 2 x 2
g ( x) 8 2 x 2
y y y

x
26
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
018

, y - .

( )i :
2
2
. S (8 2 x 2 )dx ( x 2 4)dx :
2

2



x - .. S 32 :
( )ii . x - :
x - , .
:
2 2
. S , .
2

(13 2 x 2 )dx ( x 2 1)dx
2

( )iii . x - :
x - .
:
2
2

2 2

. S ( x 2 13)dx ( x 2 1)dx , .



?
:
f ( x) x 2 6 :(, g ( x) 6 2 x 2 - .)01
y
, :

3
2 2 3 2
S
(6 2 x )dx ( x 6)dx (6 2 x )dx (6 2 x 2 )dx


2 2

3 2 2 3
2
(6 2 x ) ( x
6) dx
2 2

2
x


. , ,
, - ,- C 0
. .

( )ii" ,
2
27 .S (6 2 x
C ) ( x 2 6 C ) dx :
2

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
019

) f (x g (x) - a x b :
b


, S ( f ( x) g ( x)) dx ) f ( x) g ( x x.
a

:
, C 0 ) f ( x g (x) - -
, .08

y y
)f ( x
)f (x

)g (x
)g (x
x
28

:
b b b b


S ( f ( x) C )dx ( g ( x) C )dx (( f ( x) C ) ( g ( x) C )) dx ( f ( x) g ( x)) dx .
a a a a

:1 ) f ( x g ( x) - a x b
. x
b


f ( x) g ( x) : ) . f ( x) g ( x S ( f ( x) g ( x)) dx :
a

:2 7 , :
, .
,
b


)dx : ( . S , .
a

. .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
085

:3 x -
, x - . f ( x ) 0 :
) f ( x- . x - ) f ( x-,
. x -

:4 ,
.

:13

f ( x) ( x 2) 2 :( g ( x) x 2 - .)09
x 2 : . x 3 . x 2 ( x 2)2 :
: . x 2 (x 2)4 :
, - .
:

x 2 ( x 2)4 ( x 2)[( x 2)3 1] 0

x 2 : , x 2 1 : . x 3 :
y

,
.
,
.

,
x
2229
:


3 3
. S , S ( x 2) 2 x 2 dxx 2 ( x 2) 2 dx :
2 2

. :


3
S x 2 ( x 2) 2 dx .
2
3
2( x 2) x 2 ( x 2) 3

3
1
.S x 2 ( x 2) dx
2
:
3 3 3
2 2

,
.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
087

y :
:
, .
. -


1
( S .)05 x x 2 dx :
x 0

31 :14

.
. f ( x) ( x 1)2 ( x 1)2 :

, x - (1,0) : .(-1,0) -
- . .07
.00 , 04 , 00, 00 , 07 :
( )i .
.
( )ii ) .(2,9
.
( )iii | x |=0.5 :
.
y
:)i( -
, x 0 - ( , .)07
x - . , ,
. . y 1
x .

31 .

( , .)00
y
.
.: f ( x ) 1 :
x 2 f ( x) ( x 2 1) 2 1 x 2 1 1 x 0
2

, . S 2 1 ( x 2 1) 2 dx :
x 0

:
32
2
. S 2 2 1

( x 2 1) 2 dx :

0

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
080

y :)ii( -
( , y 9( x 1) : .)00


:
2


S 9 x 9 ( x 2 1) 2 dx .
1

.
,

.

x -
:
33
2
. S SABC ( x 2 1)2 dx
1

. SABC 1 9 / 2 4.5 :
2 2 2
5 3


( x 1) dx ( x 2 x 1)dx x 2 x x
2 2 4 2

1 1 5 3 1

5 3 5 3
32 16 2 1 2 1 31 14 1 93 70 15 38 2 8
5 3 15 15 15

:
2
y . S SABC ( x 2 1) 2 dx 4.5 38 135 76 59 1 29
15 30 30 30
1

:)iii( -

1 , 9( y x 21 : .)04
2 16 2 16
,
.
x

,
34 , :

2 16 ( x
0.5
.S x 21 2
1) 2 dx
2
0

( : .)00
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
080

0.5
S
SOHDF (x 1) 2 dx
2
y 2 0

SOHDF

1 21 9
2 16 16
30 15 :
2 64 32
0.5 0.5 0.5
5 3


0

( x 2 1)2 dx ( x 4 2 x 2 1)dx x 2 x x
0 5 3 0

1 2 0.5 0 3 40 15 16 203
5 32 3 8 15 32 480

35
x

480
. S 2 225 203 22 11 :
480 240

:15 x
, a 0 , f ( x) x a .
1
( , .)06 a . x - :
3

, .

x - . (t , f (t )) (t , t a ) : t -

1
. f ( x) : :
2 xa
)(x t 1
, y t a : , f (t ) :
2 t a 2 t a
( x t ) 2t 2a x t x t 2a
y . y t a
2 t a 2 t a 2 t a 2 t a

( .)06
x - , ( a , 0 ) :
x -. (2a t ,0) :
x
t
36
. S S ABC
a
, x a dx :

(t (2a t )) t a
. SABC (t a) t a :
2
t t
2( x a) x a 2(t a) t a

a
x adx
3 a

3
:

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
084

t
(t a) t a
. S SABC
a
x adx
3
:

(t a) t a 1
, , t a 1 : , . (a 1,1) : - :
3 3

. a
.

:16
) (0, 15 . f ( x) x3 1 : ,

y
, ? (' .)01
.

.
:
. (t , f (t )) (t , t 3 1) -

- ,
- ,
x :

)t 3 1 (15
, 3t 2 . t 2 : (2,9) :
t 0
. y 12 x 15 :

- , f ( x) 3x 1 :y 1 2x 1 5:
. .

,-
5
37 x - ): C ( ,0
4
5/4 2
S (x 1)dx (( x 1) (12 x 15))dx
3 3

0 5/4

. , :
2 2


S ( x3 1)dx
0 5/4
(12 x 15)dx
. , ,
.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
080

, .
.
, y -
: x -
2
2
x4 5 1 75

S ( x 1 (12 x 15))dx SOBC 6 x 2 16 x 15 4 24 32 2.625
3

0 4
0
4 2 8

x - ] , [0,2
x - :
2
2
x4 5 1 27

S ( x 1)dx SACD x 92 4 2 2.625
3

0 4 0 4 2 8
y
,
.

.

:17
.
y e x .
, .
f ( x ) e3 x : . g ( x) 2 3e 3 x -
) g ( x y -
.

. f ( x ) e3 x
x . y e x : g ( x) 2 3e 3 x
38 f ( x ) e3 x- ( )7 ( y - e3x -
)0( ,) e3x - ( )0( ,)0- .
f ( x ) e3 x , x - g ( x) 2 3e 3 x . y 2 :

.08

.
)ln(3
, x . 2 3e3x e3x x - ln 3 3 ,
3

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
086

- , , y 2
.
, S1 S2 : - :

ln 3 3
. S1 S2
0
(2 3e 3 x e3 x )dx

S2 f ( x ) e3 x , x -
:09
y
ln 3 2

A B S2 SOABC
0
e3 x dx

B y 2 , f ( x ) e3 x
. B(ln 3 2, 2) :

C x :
39

ln 3 3 ln 3 3
3e3 x e3 x

3 x
S1 S2 (2 3e e )dx 2 x
3x

0 3 3
0

1 1
2ln 3 3 1 (1 ) 2ln 3 3
3 3

ln 3 2 ln 3 2
e3 x 2 1 1
S2 SOABC e dx 2 ln 2 ) 2 ln 3 2 ( ) (ln 4 1
3x 3

0 3 0 3 3 3

1 3 1
S1 S1 S2 S2 2ln 3 3 2ln 3 2 2ln 3 :
3 2 3

3 1
2ln 3
S1 2 3
:
S2 2ln 3 2 1
3
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
081


.
( . x - ).45

, :
: ) , (V R . H . V R2 H :
y k : x a , x b - , a b
y : .b a : k
y=k ) . V k 2 (b a
b


b
: I k 2 dx k 2 x k 2b k 2a :
a
a
a bb x
b


. V k 2 (b a) k 2 dx :
a

41 : ?


D x, y a , b
, x -
y f x , .47
, x -
-
.40

, -
x -
y f x , a , b
41
: a , b n -

( . a x0 x1 x2 ... xn b ).40 mk - M k -
f x . xk 1 , xk : xk 1 , xk
mk . M k
V
, xk 1 , xk . 40 ,
, . n 4
xk 1 , xk x -

42 mk M k - . xk xk 1 Vk

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
088

-
y f x xk 1 , xk , x -
. mk 2 xk xk 1 Vk M k 2 xk xk 1 :
V
y f x
n
. V V
k 1
k , x -: a, b
- :
n n

43 mk 2 xk xk 1 V M k 2 xk xk 1 .
k 1 k 1

- f 2 x . a , b -
. -
, max xk xk 1 0 - :
1 k n

b b

f x dx V f x dx
2 2

a a

- :
b b
V f 2 x dx f 2 x dx

a a

:
V x - a x b
b
y f x , . V f 2 x dx

a

:1
, f 2 ( x) : 060
.

:2 , , - .
- . a , b , ,,
, f 2 ( x) - - .

:3 x - )( f ( x)
, x - : - a, b () , )g ( x -
b
. V 78 . f
( x) g 2 ( x) dx
2

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
089

:18
x - f ( x) 2 x :
?
2
2
x2
. x 2 . V 2 x dx 2 x 4 2 2 :

0 2
0

y y

x x

44

:19
.
. , .

. , .

. .


y .
. h
R
R , R . f ( x) x : x -
h
, 0 x h :
x=h x
h
R2 x2
h
R 2 x3 R 2 h3 R 2 h
0

V 2 dx
h 2
3h 0 3h
2

3

45 R h
( . ).40

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
095

y . ( R :)46
. f ( x) R 2 x 2

:
R
R
x3 R3 4R3
x V 2 2

R x dx R 2 x 2 R 3 .
R 3 R 3 3

. .
.
46
,7 ), f ( x) 1 x 2 2 : (0, 2
( g ( x) 1 x 2 2 - .)48 ,41 x -
() 0 .7
:




1 2 2 1
V 1 x2 2 2 1 x2 dx 8 1 x dx .
2

1 1

47 . f ( x) 1 x 2 -

, x sin t ::

1 x 2 dx sin 2arcsin x arcsin x C .


1
2
. 4 2 :

49 .8

48

49

8
' .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
097

:21 -
. f ( x) x 2 :( g ( x) x - .)05
x - .

. x x dx :
1
2
? V
2
2


y . (0,0) : . (1,1) - :
1
dx x x 4 dx x x 1 1 0.3
x x
1 1


2 5
V
2

0
2

2

0
2 5 0 2 5


x f ( x) x 2 x - ] , [0,1
x - :

( . g ( x) x )05
51 1

x x
2 2
2
dx .
0

m( x) x x 2 . x -

:21 x -
, - x -
, . x -
x - ?
x -
.

.7 f ( x) sin x x -:

(. x )0 ( x 0 )0 (0 x )7


.0 ? sin 2 x dx :

.0 x - .

.4 .

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
090


0
.
sin 2 x dx - sin x dx .7 :
2

2
. ,, , :
y 2
. 2 -

. sin x dx .0 :
2 2

.0 07 x -
) f ( x) ( x 2 1)( x 2 4 . x -
x , .
.4 , x -
- ,

, .
, x -
51
.

:22



,

. ,
- ? (
).00
,
- x -
, x -
. x -
.7 00 f ( x) x3 2 x 2
. g ( x) x 2 2 -

52
. -
. x -
2


? x3 x 2 x
. 2 dx :
2 2
2

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
090

.0
f ( x) 2 sin x , g ( x) 2 sin x
x - ( :)00
x 0 . 0 x .. x 3 .
3
? 2 sin x 2 sin x dx
2 2
.0 :

f? g -
53
,

.7 . :
0 2


V x3 x 2 x
2 dx x 2 2 x
2 x 2 dx .
2 2 2 2
2 3

1
0

f ( x) x 3 x 2 , .

. .

.0 x 2 , x , x 0 , x : . x 3 -
4 . :

, .4 - 2 sin x 2 sin x dx
2 2

0

4 2 sin x 2 sin x dx 4 4 4sin x sin x 4 4sin x sin x dx 64 .
2 2 2 2

0 0
3
2 sin x 2 sin x dx 0
2 2
.0

:
. , , x -
, ,
. , :
- ,
. , x - .
. x - .
x - () .
() ,
. ,
.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
094

:23 - -

y

.
x -
.
f ( x) sin 2 x :( . g ( x) cos 2 x 1 - ).04
x

, . x - ?

f ( x) sin 2 x - .
, x - k , ( k ,0) :.
54 g ( x) cos 2 x 1 - ,
cos 2x ) (-1 .1- x -, ( k ,0) :
k . .- ,
) f ( x ). g ( x

) g ( x) f ( x x , 0 x : ) g ( x ().
1 cos 2 x sin 2 x 1 (1 2sin 2 x) sin 2 x sin 2 x 0 :

. 1 cos(2 x)
2
g ( x) f ( x) : . dx :
0

.
) f ( x ) g ( x ,
y
- .

:24

x ( ? x - ).00


f ( x ) 2 x 2 1 :. g ( x ) 2 x 2 -
. x -
?
55
. (1,1) : -
"" . g ( x) 2 x 2 :

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
090

:25 y
- y - -
) , x g ( y , y - , y d , y c
:
d
V g 2 y dy
c

-
x . y - 06 .

56 -
, f ( x) x3 y 1 , y - . y -

. x g ( y) 3 y : :

5 1
3
1 1

y
2
2 3
V
0
3 dy
0
y 3 dy y 3
5 5
.
0


, ,
. .
1
2
x
y A. B - y ax 2 1 :-
a

, a ?
, a ?

( ,)01 .
. :
x 2 ax 2 1
a
x 2 2a
a 1
a 0 :
, 2 . a 0 : :
a 1
a
a
a 2 1
x 2 dx 2 x ax3 x3 a 1 4
2


S (a) 2 2
a .
1 ax
57 0 a 3 3a 0 3 a 1
2

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
096

1 a2
(a 2 1) 2
. S (a) 4 . a 1 : .
3 a
2 a2 1

( , a 1 - ).
0 a 1 : , a 1 : a 1
.

2
x 3
4 x 2
ax
. f ( x) :
x2
. . a a
, . y - .
y - y - .

, : , y -
, , y - :
.
.

y ,
. x 2 , . a 4 :
, f ( x) 2 x x 2 : . x 2
"" . y - ( . x 1
).08

x t -
x - .


. t , 2t t 2 : . y (2 2t ) x t 2 :
1

(2 2t ) x t
58
. S (t ) 2
(2 x x 2 ) dx :
0

, .
, x - . x -
) . k (t . y -
. k (t ) 1 t t 2 : , , :
. t 0.5
.
, k 0 k 1 1 : .
.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
091

:26

.7 f , , 4:

0 ,0t 2

. f (t ) t 2 4
2 ,2t 4
t

- ) . F ( x 0
/" . 4 ?

.0 , 15 , ,
, v 15 2t , t .

(" )
?

.0 75:55 .
) f (x
. 09
.
0.1( x 30) 2 90, 0 x 30

3x, 30 x 60
f ( x)
0.1( x 60) 180, 60 x 90
2

0.05( x 90) 2 90, x 90



()
59 . ,
?
() . ) V( x
, 75:55
?

.4
- ): b( x

2 x 5, 0 x 5

b( x) 37, 5 x 25

0.1( x 25) 37, x 25
2

65 .
45?
()
61
_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
098

.0 67
, 9:55
, .
?70:55

60 120
()
61

.7 .
0/" . - :
t2 4 4
. F (t ) , F (2) 2 2 C 3 :F (t ) t 4 / t 3 :
t 2
dt (1 2 )dt t 4 / t C
t
. F (4) 4 4 / 4 3 6 m , 4 :
sec

.0 , , , S t
,. S t v t :
,. S t 15 2t , S 0 0 :
15 2t
, S t S 0 0
15
.C C :
ln 2 ln 2
15 2t 15
. S t
ln 2 ln 2 ln 2

15 t

2 1 :

S 60
ln 2

15 60

: 65 , 2 1 6 1019

, , , .

.0 . .
.
.
). f (x
:
30 60 90
V (0.1( x 30) 90)dx 3 xdx (0.1( x 60) 2 180) dx
2

0 30 60
120
(0.05( x 90) 2 90) dx 1800 4050 4500 2250 12600
90

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -
099

( x 30)3
0.1 90 x 900, 0 x 30
3
x2
3 2 450, 30 x 60
V ( x)
0.1 ( x 60) 180 x 4950, 60 x 90
3

3

0.01 ( x 90) 90 x 2250, x 90
3

.4
.
). b( x

45 :
5 25 40
A (2 x 5)dx 37dx (0.1( x 25) 2 37)dx
0 5 25

20 740 442.5 1202.5

.0 - . x -
0 . .
, .
N 900 1800 600 300 3600

_____________________________________________________________________________________
- -

You might also like