CYDOBBIE XONOAVNbHBIE 2 ra A es ne YCTAHOBRM W CUCTEMBbI KOHAMLWMAOHMPOBAHMAVINK 621.56159:629.123 Slasaen T. F. Cyxoaue xoroansonue yerawonki 1 exlerem Konamuuonupona- wna, — M. Tpancnops, 1981, — 248 e. Pacesorpenia paGora maui 1 oGopyAosanua Aas oXtaxKAeHA nposusHoHNENX KaaxosiX MOpckUS TpaHicnopriWx H NaCCAHPCKUX cyzOR Moet noMNponauiis! Bosayxa. Tissot octonit TeopHi x paoune npouecces napoKounpeccopmars xoOAUEA- uitx Mat, KOSCTPYkUNH KOMNpeccopos, anmaparos u senoMoraredbucro oGopy- Oban oTetecTHeNKoro Ww SapyOexkHOrO NpousnogeTaa; —upiwerenst —ocHoBHate exexig cHeTeN Kospoprioro KONAMUWONNpOBAHER nosAyxa; — sieirTeNKoe MecTO Yaeaeno abrowarisaxHH NpOBifanonWlsX eYROBNX XONOAKADIMX YeTaHOSOK, cHeTeNL osamuionmponaiin a nx orenayarauny , ira Mpeawagneuelia AAR CYAOBHX MexXaHuKOB, sanmmoaroMixeA sKenayaTa- uuuteli Xosoauapnbtx yeraoRoK. Mower Our nenloassonaxa n Kavecrae y'se6Or NocoGus Aaa HORTOTORKH sexAilIKOS B MOPCKX YueGuErE sapeneNKAX. Hix. 105, ra6a. 23, anorp. 8 naan. Penexaent B. M. Commu 31806-272 _ 049(01)-8F 272-81 9605038080 © Monereaerse Xapa. Ha pedpinxepatopuiix cynax m cytax KOMOHEHpOBaHHOrO Tana XOMOMMABHBIE MAMIHHE HCTOALSYIOT AAR OXTAKLeHHA pec>pHaKepaTop- HEX TPIOMOB, Ha Ta30BOsAxX — LIA OXTAKACHNA TARKOB CO CmIDKEH- HBIM TagoM, Ha cylax pEGonpoMBcAOBOTO hzoTA — ja OXAM AEA H saMopaxnBanHa 2OGuTOR pHOM un MpHrOTOBACHIA McKyccTBEHHOTO apna. XosoanabHBe MamiMHEL H yeTpoficTBa MOXHO paageanty Ha cre- Ayloute OCHOBHbie THITLI: MapoKoMmpeccopHie, aGcopOunoHHNe, 97KeK- Topunle x TepMosaexrpHueckie. I18 mponspoeTBa xouOLa B KOM- Npeccopbix XOmOaHNHBIX MaulNHax 3aTpaitRaor Mexaimmueckyio Suepritio, B a6copOUliOnNLIX x 9XeKTOPHEX — TemToByIO; Tepmos.eK- TpHYEcKHe OXaKAaOUINe YerpolicrBa paGoTaior 3a cuér menocpen- cTaeHHoro MoTpeGaeHua ssteKTpHYeCKOMl SHeprHH. B aGcopOunoHHux* xouloaiitbHbxX MauiNaX a KavectBe paGounx Tea mpuMersmor GunapHNe (XBYXKOMMOHeHTHBe) cMecH: BOAOAMMAt nui pactaop NH;+-H20 aan pactsop 6pomuctoro autia HeO+LiBr (nocaenini ncnombayetca gan novyyeHHs MatOcoBMIx TeMnepatyp) Yerayoska cocrout #3 HeckomKHX annaparos, Eanncrseaubm Mexa- HIIQMOM sBAKeTeA HacOC, MepeKatMBaroUUNl pactsop, Xonowtabmtait arent (B MepBoM cayyae aMMHAax, BO BTOpoM — Boga) BbIMapHBaeTcA H3 cMecH, KouAeHcHpyeTes, a 3aTeM KUTHT MPH cooTBeTCTByIOMIEM Aapaeni, ocyutectaaas OTGop Teta oT Oxa%KraeMoli cpesst. Vera hovKa NosBoaReT YTHANSHPOBATS OTXORH Tema cyROBO; SHepreTHNe- Koi yerattonKH. B naposxextopHux MaumHax paGownM Tetom spanetca Boza, HOsTOMY HX MpUMeHSIOT AIK NoAyYeHu nawwocoBLx TeMMepatyp (0% JarkieHNe BoItyXa B cHeTeMax JleTHeTO KoN-AMLONNpOBAHNA BOsTy Xa). Bona apocceaupyetes 6 peryanpyiomem ReHTie H nocrynaer B annapat, rae Gaarolapa orcactBaioulemy xeficrBi0 napocrpyinssx * AGcop6uneA uastinactea npouece norsouenin napoR xxtaKocTHO.S9KCKTOPOB MOALepxUBaeTcA rayGoKHM BaKyyM, KOTOpoMy cooTBeTCT- byeT HilsKan TeMmepatypa ee Kiem. B mpowecce xpoccermposanua ACT) BOA BCKMMAeT 3a CNET BHYTPeHHeH! SHepram, B PesyabTaTe ye- Fo Temmepatypa BoaM, ocrasllelics B xKHAKOM case, cHKaeTcn. Sta Bowa HCMOMDayeTCH IA OXAAK TENA. Tepmoanextpuyeckoe oxaaxxneHHe OcHOBaHO Ha sddexre Tlenre, SaKMOYAIOWENCA B TOM, YTO B Mpouecce MpoxoxAeHA NOcTOAHHOTO SmeKTPUNCCKOTO TOKA OMIpexeTeNHOTO HanpaB.leHA no WeTM, cOcTaB- HeHHO! NS PASHOPOAHLIX TPOBOAMHKOD MAH MOAYNPOBORNAKOB, B MecTax KowTaKTos (cilamx) NosBssOTcA pasHwe TeMmepatypH. Ea TeMMepatypa XoOAHOTO chat OKAKeTCA HinKe TeMMepaTypH OKpY- xawomelt cpestst, TO ON MOXeT GLITH HcHOmBaORAH KAK OXAARNTeND. Tepmosaextpuueckne oxaaxnaromue yerpoficraa (TOY) yxe ceftuac AXOAAT NPHMEHEHHE B MOMIMIHE, PALHOTeXHMKe M MHOTHX Apyrux oGnacrax. C passitiiem noaynposoaHMKoBO: TexXHMKH, ¢ NomBNeNHeM SkOHOMITHEIX H KOMMAKTHEX TOY MoxHO OXHaTh HeMOMsoRANEA HX B CYAOBLIX ABTOHOMNBIX KOHAMNMOHEPAX HT. T. HanGommee pacnpoctpanenne B XOTOAMALHOM TeXHMKe MOnyWAH NapoKounpeccoprie XononnabHEe MamuHt. Ha tpaxcnopraux (He- cneuuasusupoBannux) 4 MaccaxMpCKHX cyAax MpHMeHmOT xXoMOAHAb- Uble MaMIMHM ¢ TOpinueBuMN KOMMpeccopaMH, pa6oTaoMMMA Ha Xaagoue-12 m xnagoHe-22, ¢ BHICOKOR creneHbio abToMaTHsaMuIN npo- ueccos peryaupopantus, ynpansienia w salinTEt. TJIABA I TEPMOQMHAMHYECKHE OCHOBbI MAPOKOMMPECCOPHBIX XOJOMMbHBIX MAUMH 1, TAPOKOMMPECCOPHAS| XOJIOAMJIbHAA MAIUMHA C PEFYIHPYIOWHM BEHTHIEM Tpmmuuin pa6orst mamunw. Ha puc. 1,a aaka npHauunuarnnan exema XomoaabHolt Mauimist ¢ peryJMpyiouuim BeHTHsem. Kosnpec- cop KM orcacuipaer ua ucnaputeaa H nap xoaoguasuoro arenra, TMeIOWUIi HHSKOe AaRACHHe Pp COOTBETCTBEHHO HUSKY TeMmepaTy- Dy To, H CKuMaeT ero 10 AABAEHHA Px MPH KOTOPOM TeMmepatypa Kouencauuu arenta 7, cranleT Bbiule TeMnepatypy oxaaxKnaomel sonst. Jaaee ropa nap arenta Hampasaserca B Koutencatop KZ, THe ap NOAKOCTHIO KoNAeHCUPYeTes, OTAABAA TeNAO 3aGopTHO! BOLE, NpoKawnBaemofi wepea Konaencatop. M3 KoNAeHcaTopa xMAKOCTH TOC tynaer 8 perysupyioumi weuraxs PB. Teper um —xonoauabiesth areiT uMceT TeMMepaTypy Gosiee BEICOKYI, YeM BORA, OXIAKAAIOMA xouxencatop. Has oGécrievexus HusKOl TeMnepatypu B pebpivepa- ‘Topliom MOMeULeHH areHT 2OUKCH KUNeTS B ueMapuTene pH TeMite- parype Goxee WHaKOH, YeM TeMMepaTypa, HeOGXOAHMaR Ata 9TOrO novewenis, B peryaupyiouem newrisie nponcxoauT xpoccennponanue 2KILIKOTO XOAOANABHOTO areHTA OT AABMCHUS KOHACHCALIN Py 1O 1aB- OHHH KUNeHIA Po, CONPORO*KAGOMMeecR WacTHEHBIM —BCKIMANTIeM arena H nommxcHnex ero Teiepatypst. Bexunane 2kYAKoCTH Bpo- HcxoLuT NoToMy, 470 3a PB npu Goxee nuskow Rasen >HAKOCTS He MOxeT COepiKATb TOO KOAHYECTBA TeMLA, KOTOPE OHA COLepKa- sta 20 PB. Hs6utouoe Teno 2KHAKOCTH BabIBAeT YacTHNHOe BCKHNA- Hie areHira; HAKOCTS OTAaeT WacTe Tena Ha mapooOpasonaxne, i mpi SToM Tesriepatypa ee cumaaerca (Npouecc BCKHNaHHA arcHTa’ B PB noscuser npnmep, npaserexnisit KoHue naparpada) Tlocae PB 3 nenapureas H nofiaer xonoaHan Mech xKHAKOCTH H apa, Toullee, XorOANA map c GombWHM Baaroconepxannem. Tap, o6pasyiomniien np apoccenuposanu xomozusbHorO areata p PB, cocranaser of 5 10 30% cmect mo mace u oT 90 20 99% no oGremy. Ecait npaists aasaenne « remneparypy arenra 20 PB nocroaussiait, To Hem HIKE AaBseHne 3a PB, TeM MeHbillaa YacTb areHTa nocTynaeT B chapHTeAb B KHLKOM COCTORHNH Tem HOKE ero TeMMepaTypa B ucnapntene H, ycraopienHom B oxaaikaaemMom moMeltenHH, arent, octapumiiiicn B xXHAKOM dase, KUMUT MpH HusKON Temmepatype, orGupas Teno, ReOGXOANMOe AAR NapooGpasosanis, oT OxaaxAae- Moi cpeast, Ha vemaputena map xomOAnubHOTO areHTa BeacuBaeTcR KoMMpeccopom, H NIK HoBTopRETeA, Teopermueckni unk MawnHe 8 AMarpamme s—T. Ha puc. 1, 6 noxasaxo: [—2 azwaGatuieckoe ckaTHe B KOMMpeccope; 2—3 KOH 5‘O6naem Meonauun ‘nepeepemoeo 7 is %o a oa . Puc. 1. Mapoxownpeccopnias xonoanaeiaa Mauna © peryzupyioune vesrusess om cxeia; 6 — wins» anarpamte ¢—T Rexcauna arenta; 3—4 — npouecc apocceauposanua, KoTopoe nportc- XOANT NPM nacroRHHOM Tensiocoxepxanun (i= const); 4—1 npouece Kumenus areitra. Kosmiecrso tetla, noazexentioe OaHOMY KimorpaMMy arenta B nenapurene go, KJLx/Kr, HasbiBaerea yzenbiiOl macconoit xo70x0- NPOMSBOAHTeMBHOCTEO M BApaKaeter B RuarpauMe s—T naowanKo a, 1, 4, 6, a. Bueunax satpasennaa padora I noKasana naomayi0 1,2,8,5, 1. Oeexrusnocrs xorzoanaHol Maumnbt ¢ TOUKH speHHA sarpaTBt sHepritt Ha NpoHsBOACTBO XoNOLA OUeMMBAETCA xOAOANABIIM KOXp- buuuentom. Xosoatapusim KospPHuNeHToOM HasbiBaeTer oTHoMeHne KOANNECTSA Tella, OTHATOTO OT OXMAIKRAeMO; cpeas, K saTpayennoit Bueluteh paGore mpi 2aniow wnxae: a oat T2887 2. «CYXOM» HM «BIAKHbIM> XOX KOMMPECCOPA, PETEHEPATHBHBIA KHKJ Tipu paGore XonoanabHoh Mauss B KOMMpeccop Moxker nocTy- flat Map xosoAHaLHorO arenTa pasamuHoro cocrosmun (piic. 2): Raaxubit wactimenmlt (Towa 1”), cyxolh aceite (rouKka 1’) w meperperwiit (rouxa 1). Een 5 uuannap Kommpeccopa ncacei- Baerca Baaxni HacbiMenush nap, Kommpeccop pabotaer eaaaxK- HBIM® xonoM (KATHE NO aut 1’”—2"). TIpa BeacbIBaHIN cyxoro Ha- cbimeHHOro HM MeperpeToro napa Kosmpeccop paGoraet «cyxuM> XO- Hom (cxaTHe cootseretaentio no amnnsst L’—2' u 12) B conpemenunix XonoAMIbHEIX MalllHHAX NpHMeHSETCA TOABKO «cy xofl> xo Komnpeccopa Paccmorpim cyxof unxs 1/—2’—3—4—/’, Kommpeccop neacuisa- eT cyxoh Hacbimeniui nap (To¥Ka 1’) H CKHMaeT ero B OBaacTH Te Perperoro napa 20 nepecetenua aguaGatH cxatun I’—2 ¢ m306apoh 6 xonaencaun. B coctositit, xapaK- repusyenom ToWKoH 2’, meperpe- pili Map c RaBseHHeM Px Nocty Taet 8 KoHMeHcaTop, B KoTopoN cuavada oxaxkaaeren (cate me- perpesa va annum 2—2"), a sarem Konencupyetes mpm nocroamitstx auauennax Ty 1 py (atta 2”—3) Ocraspibie mpoueccs mixta yxe uapectuti: 3—4 — Apocees ponanne » PB u 4—I" — xunenue arenta. C moppilesuem cyxocrit Beacblgaemoro Mapa Ao x=1 Xo AOROMPOUSBOAHTEABHOCTE Jo BO3- Pye, 2 Xoaoanapitall uuKX mpm pa pactaer ita seauuty Ago. Tpoue- Gore xoxrpeccopa ccyxine> u «naar XOANT 970 NOTOMY, TO AUIKHTIaHNe stHN> Xorox na yyactxe [”—/' yactun 20aKo- CTH, COsepyKAMLNXcA BO BAAKHOM Mape, conpoBorxraeTcA oTGopom of OxaaKAaeMOl CpeaME AOMOAMIITETBHOTO KosHYECTBA Tervta Barpauisaeman 8 une paGora yseaiunpaeten na neanuuny AL, uTO OGbACHAeTCH YBeATHYeHHEM YLerbHOrO OGDEMa — BCACHIBaeMoro. Kommpeccopon napa. S10 npupattesue paGorst Af wa anarpamme s—T coorsercrayer maomaan 1’, 2, 2”, 1”, 1’. Tipu stom paGora wnxaa nospactaeT B Goabuell Mepe, YeM XoOXONpoNsBOANTeABHOCTb. Xowto- auiababti Kosten? Oyner Menbmme, vem NPH BaaxKHOM UNKAe. B unxre f—-2—3—4—I ananelt 1/1 uso6paxen npouece nepe- rpena mapa B ucnapirese. XodozonpousBoAuTeNbHOCTS B STOM MINKE onpe.leusietea Kax pasHoct sHTaabnui I= (i — is) +4 — Hh ty rae i;—i, —Tenao, oTo6panNoe oT OXaax*KAaemol cpeab B Mpo- necce Kunenus areata, KIDK/Kr (KKaa/«r); ij — —Tenao, oToSpanHoe of oxtaxKAaemo# cpetbI B Mpo- uecce’ neperpena areira 8 wcnapurene, —KJLK/xr (Kan/xr). Sarpawnsaemas B nuKse paGora 0 cpaprenuto ¢ nuxaom 1’—2'— 3—4—/' coorsererpenio ysesuunpactes. Yeeautentie xos0AonpoH BosuTeabHOCTH, OMpeTerReMoe TenAOTOH Neperpeba Napa B ucmapHTe- ale, HesHaquTerbHO MO cpasHermo c ywemuveHtiem SaTpayuBaeMoll pa- GorE, ABARIOUMMCA CAeMCTBHEN yBeTHMEHHA yleNbHOTO OGENA BCA ebinaemoro mapa. Takum oGpasom, ¢ TeopeTHteckoh ToUKH spemR —nepexoa OT Xoxa KOMMpeccopa ltpedcrapanetca HeBb- 7o seb 0pm nan Goda | Kay 70 fg Puc, 3. Tlapoxounpeccopuas saumua ¢ peresteparuMix TexLq006weNNMKOW a= exena; 6 — wuxa B amarante $= rogubim. OnHaKo B yoaoBHaX elicraHTembHBIX mpoueccos XO, Kommpeccopa oKasbibaeTen paktiecki Goaee puironnum. «Cyxofl> XOX BHTOAHEe MpexKAe BCero NOTOMY, WTO oBecmretHBACT TOAHOe BHIKHTAHHe JKNIKOCTH B HenapHTene, a chexoBaTeMbHO, yBe- siusuBaeT yZenbHYIO XosOROMpoNsBoAHTeAbHOCTS. Kpome Toro, mpit PaGore «cyxuM> XOROM Gomee GaaronpuaTHHINH cTaHOBATeR ycuoBHA PaGoru KoMnpeccopa, yzyuuiaiotea ero paGoune xapaxTepuctiKt, OF KOTOPHX 3aBHCAT MPOHSBOAHTeENDHOCTS KOMMpeccopa u NOTPEGaKeMaR Mouutocrh (cu. ra. TV). S10, B KOHeYHOM cHeTe, MpHBOAUT K yaemH- ueHiio gefictanTeAbHOrO XoxOAMAHOTO KODppiNuNeHT2. Orn 1a TAABHLIX AOCTOUHETE «cyXOFO> XOLa KOMMpeccopa sB.AKeTeH UCKMOUE- Hue BOsMOXHOCTH aBapli OT THApaBAUYecKHX YaapoB, KOTOpDIe MO- TYT BOSHHKNYTH BeAeICTENE MOMALAHNA B UNLAHILL KO‘Mpeccopa 2ItA- Koro areuta. «Cyxofl> xox KoMnpeccopa oGecheumBaeTea mo.LtepxKa- HueM HeGousOTO Neperpesa scacbisaemoro napa abTomaTiMecKHM peryzmpyiouum sextutem (TPB), a takKe pereweparupinm Ten10- o6meninkom Pereneparuanmit una. [lo smeesixy tenaoo6meniuxa PTO (pwc. 3,4) abwxercH xxnAKHA areHT H3 KonAeHcatopa KIL x perya- pyloulemy sentisio PB. 3uecsux oxtarxklaeren XOMOAMADILIN. apoM arena, BackiBaembIM KoMMpeccopom KM u3 ucnapurena H. B pe- syabTate Taxoro TenAOOOMeHa %KHAKOCTS nepeoxnarkaaeTcA (T. e. OX- JaKAAeTCA HIDKE TeMMepATY pH KOHACHCANIH MpH TOM xe AaB.teuul), a Map, BcackiBaembii KoMMpeccopoM, meperpeBaerest Pereviepatipibih uuka XononuabHON MaulMHB MpelcranneH Ha puc. 3, 6, rae 4—1’ — xunenue arenta; I’—f — neperpes napa__B nenapttene: 1—1” — neperpes napa 8 perenepatiisiom tem1006 Meunnxe PTO; 1”—2" — cxaTie » Komupeccope; 2”—2’ — cuamiie neperpesa B KoHAencatope; Y—3 — Konsencaunsa napa; 3—3" — Hepeoxsaxkaenne B KoHAeNCaTOpe (He saBucuT oT Hasna PTO ¥ o6LI4HO He MpeBbuaet 1—3°C); 3’—3” — nepeoxaaxnenue B PTO; 3’—4 — npocceauponanue B PB. 8 Buyrpenuit Tens006Men B TaKoM WHKne MONMKaeT TeMnepatypy mepea peryanpyiomuM Bertie (ro4Ka 3” BéccTo TouKH 3’), a cue woBatembo, YMeHbulaeT Gecnionesiioe napoobpasoBanne B peryaupy- folles BeHTHAIe —-H YRENIUNBAeT XOMOAOTPONSBOAHTEMBROCT Ha Agoy Ho B To 2Ke BCMA NPHBOANT x aHauHTeABNOMY Neperpesy napa B KOH- ue cxaTHa (TOWKa 2” BMecTO TO¥KH 2), ¥TO yBexMuHBaeT paboTy B uuKae Ha Al. Tlockoasxy Yepes Bce saeMcHTH XONOAHABHOM MAIN B enHHiLy BpeMeni NpOXOANT OAHO H TO 2Ke KOsMMECTAO XaaMareHTa, B Wealth HOM cay¥ae KOMMMECTBO Tena, OTAAHHOe MHAKHM AFeHTOM, 1OKHO 6uITL paBHO KOJHYeCTAY Tensa, BocIpuHATOMy napom. TlosToMy MoxK- wo sanucaTb p—b=4—-4=h—-hy G=h—-=h—t. PerevepaTHDublit WHK OkasHIBaeTcH HanGomee uenecoospasient mpm ae Got" B cayyaax, Kora Bcactisaiouli TpyGonposol, npomOxKeHHE B ‘TeMNBIX NOMeMeHHAX, MOXO UZOMHPOBAH H uMeeT GombIIyIO LINHY, map areita Ha myTH K KOMMpeccopy Meperpesaercs. Taxol Gecnone3- HBlii MeperpeB OTpHUaTetbHO cKasbIBaeTCA Ha paGoTe xomOAHALHOM MAalUHHBI, TAK KaK BCNEACTBHE NOBMWeEHHA yAeIbHOTO OGbeMa BCacHI- paemoro napa / pospactaer, a qo ocTaeTca Toil xe, paGore Ha xsagoue-12, TaK KaK B 9TOM cayuae 3, XOMOJMABHBIE ATEHTHI K xosoauabuum arentam npexpsBaaiotes MHorouuenenHBie Tpe- ovata, OTHOCHUMCeR K HX TepMOAHHAMHMECKHM, —HsHKO-XMMTe- CkHM, (bsHONOTMMeCKIM H 5kcnayaTaHOHHEMM cpolicraam. K ocHonnus TepMOANHAMHYECKHM CBOACTSAM —XOMOAHALHEIX areHTOR OTHOCATCA: yAesibHaa XOTOAONPOUSBOATENBHOCTE, TeMMepatypa KuNeHHA MDH aT- MochepHOM RaBAeHHH, YAemLHLIT OODEM, AaBreHHA B KoMeNCaTOpe HL wenapurene, KosdpnunenT TenszooTnaN Ht Xp Vaeasuoi] o6bemnO XosORONpoMsBoAnTerDHO- erbi0 gz, KkK/M® (KKaa/M?), MasbiBaeTcA KosNYecTBO Tena, OTHA- Toe OT OxaKAaeMo! cpeau, MpHXomuteeca Ha | M? Hapa XoTO;MID- Horo arena, BeactisaeMoro KOMMpeccopoM: fo 4 Ge Te go—yxeabian Maccosax xoaoxonponsnoantensiocts, K)Lx/xr (wxaa/xr) ui —yaenbuti odvem napa, Beactisaemoro KoMnpeccopom, °/Kr. Yaeapiian maccosaa XoAOAONpoUss0anTeAHOCT areHTa go Haxo- AUTCA B pao savNCHNOCTH OT TenaOTH NapooGpasoBanuA r. Beau- AMHEL gy H qo SaBHeAT OT yeaoBHA paGorH MamuN [TeMmepaty pb Kit- 9| Nenus areita B Henaputese, Temnepatyps KoNAeHcauuM, Temmepary- Por nepex perysmpyromtun Bewtuxes (PB) 1 xp.] Pasmepst H Macca Tenz0oGmeuntix annapatos xonoauabuoh ma unm saBnest or KosppiuleHTOB TenaooTAaYH Hm anatemi paGounx Ranaenuil 8 KoHAeHcaTOpe H HenapuTese, Vem puule auauettn Ko3d- uunentos TenaoorzayH H YeM HiDKe paGowne AaBxeHIs, TeM MeHbUe PasMephl H Macca TenTOOOMeHHEX arnapatos, a caleLOBATeABHO, Macca Beeit ycranonku. Ovews xKenaTembno B scnapuTene H a alt Hum BeacBaHNA KOMMpeccopa HMeTb AaBaeHHe we MILKe aTMocep- Horo; B NpOTHBHOM cayuae BOIMOAeH MOACOC B cUICTEMY BOBAYXa, TO orpularetbHo Nosauser Ha paGoTy XosoguaAbHOM yeranonKH. Has m0- AYyeHA npHeMteMEX ZanAeHM B HeMapHTeTe MpHMeHsOT XOAOAHAD~ Hie arenril, NMeIOMIHe HHSKYIO TeMMepaTypy KiMleHKA MpH aTMocbep- HOM jaBaeinti, Onnua u3 ocHOBHEX husHKO-xHMUYecKHIX cBoieTB areHTOB sBAs- eten UX cHocoGHocTS BsauMORelicTBOBATH CO CMASOTKEIM MacmaMmt x pogofl. Xopouas pactaopunocts B Macne cosqaeT GaaronpuaTHbie yenoniia 2am cMasMBaHHA KONMpeccopa, HO BMecTe ¢ TeM cojelicrAy- er yHocy wacaa 3 Kownpeccopa B cHeTeMy. Cnoco6iocrb pacropsTb BAALY ABARETCR MOTOKUTEABABIM CBOHICTBOM areHTOB, TAK KAK CKIIO~ YaeTen BosMOxHOcT OOpasoBaHA B ciicTeMe steaMHBX Mpo6OK. Xonoruaphble areitTA LOM GxITD BapuBOCesomacHEMH, Hero PIOMEMH, HeTOKCHUHBING 1 HMETS HeBBICOKYIO CTONMOCTS. Ha pasawunbix atanax paapiiTia xomOAMAbHOM TexHNKH B KaNe- CTBe XOMOANANBX afeHTON MeHoaBIOBAANCS caemyrOULIIe BelLecTBa: cepnuctiti aurnaput SOz, xtopucrbit meria CHCl, — yriekucnora CO», anata NH 1 ap. 3a nlocteanue veTbipe aecatitxerHa upoxoe pacnpocrpanenne B KatlecTse XOAONUIBUAX areHtOR MoAyuiAN Hpeons', KoTOpsIe mpea- cranisoT coGol raloHAHBe CoemuHeHHA, MpoUsBOMHEe OT YraeBoLO- pozos. Koausectso peowos ovens BemNKo, ostomy xX MapKupyloT ‘uneaaxit To ocoGoli citcrente. B uactosiice Bema Ha cyaax MopeKoro baora B KayectDe xnat- arenTOR NpuMensioT ToabKo (peou-12 u dpeow-22. B xoaoanaynnx MaumHax Ka YacTH pbiGONPONBICTOBNX cyoa NpHMeumOT aNttaK, OnHaKO cya cOBpeMeHHO! TOCTpOlKN cHAG%KaIOT B OcHOBIOM peo: Mopeinm Maniax. B uactonitee Bpema m casa ¢ auexpenuen 8 CCCP mexk.aynapoa- uoro crauzapra (MC) HCO 817 gonyckaetea HecKombKo OGosHawe- uit xaatarenton: yestosHoe (cHMBOmieCKOe), TOproBLIM Hasnaniem (xapxoil), xumuyeckinn naasannes, xuamueckoh dopmynoli. Tpit STOM TpeAMOUTHITEABHDIM aBJAKeTCH yeaoBHOe OBoatiatelHe, KoTopoe coctout us cumsona Ru onpexeasiomero wucaa. Coraaco [OCT 19212—73 (usmeneane 1) aan gpeoua-12 ycraosneno asnanue «Xaazon-12> u oGosHavenne R12, TOCT 8502-73 (usmeuenme 1) ain peoua-22 — CAaGHIM aanaxoM, KOTOPEIA MoxHO Mo¥yBCT- ROBaTb MPH comeprKallIH ero B BOsayxe Gone 20% (caabwift cnaaKo- pats sanax Supa). Tap R12 taxkeree Bosayxa, -KNAKH Xnaxon- rakenee Bout (r26.1. 1). Teamepatypa kunesua R12 npu armocheptom aavsennn —29.8°C, a ato silauiT, YO MOXHO NOAYYUT TeMMepaTypy —OXaxKAAeMorO oGwexra nopsaka —19°C pu coxpaxeunu B Hcnapurere (u Ha aH HHH BCacKIBaHHia KoMmpeccopa) waOHTOWOrO jaBieHuA. Yaenuuan OGpemian XouOXOMPOHSBOAUTENBHOCTh gy R12 pH CraHAapTHOM pe- ranie 1280 xJIos/m° (305.6 xKan/a°) Xaaion we soBuT, ero Naps He geficTayioT Ha BKyc M uBeT nuMe- BUX MPOxyKTOD, OMNAKO CORepraHHe B BOSRyXe R12 Goaee 30% (no OGteMy) MpHBOAUT K YAYUNDIO H3-3a HEROCTATKA KuCsOpORa Xaagou-12 He ropiow, B cMecH ¢ BOSAYXOM He BocTMaMenseTcR H ve BapHBAeTCH, HO B OTKPHTOM nlaMeHH pu Textepatype Bue 330°C Hawnnaer pacnagatees ¢ oGpasoBanviem xnopnecroro W_(To- Puicroro Boopona H HEOOABUIOTO KONHYECTBA AAOBUTOTO Tasa Cpocre- Ha, noaBaelie KOTOPOTO OOHApy*uBaeTeA KUCATLIM 3attaxom, TlosToMy Bcayaae anapHit peoHonoh Mamnust He cHenyet pabotarb B6.uSH € OTkpBITHIM naameHem. Pacemorpum oraeabituie oxcnayatannonuste cpofictba x1anowa-12. Kak u xaajous ocraapibix Mapox, R12 o6aanaer nonmuennoit cnocoSuocrbio MpoHHKaTb vepes Masteliliie HeniOTHOCTH H axe Ye pes nlopit o6u%Horo uyrya, TIpoHMKHoHeHio —vepes HenAOTHOCTH cocoGerayer pactBopmdman cnocoSiocTs xiatoua. Ecat mpH stom eule ysuTEIBATL, UTO OH He HMCeT MBeTA H aamaXa, CTAHOBUTCR ACHO, HackONbKO co%kH Goporbes c ero yreuKoil. Bee 9To onpesteaxer Te ee Tesmeparypa, °C: rene np asew 1-108Tla (760m pr. cr.) | —29,8 10,8 ‘MHIKOTO 1,293 1,176 0,081 A 259,28 (38,57)} 215,79 (51,99) Vzemnan tensota. napootipaaosanna pst to TI5C, wlll (hian'et) : YVaemuan ooxewian xoroxonpotavoxrensnocts | 1280 (305,6) | 2200 (495) spit fg 1B. ty = 30°C, el (403/88) Pacteopinocrs soaul'p xzaao1e (accosoe co- epxcane, 4) apy TewTteparype 17a 0,0008 0,0310 30°C 0,012 O15,BLICOKHE TpeGoBaHHA, KOTOpHe MpexBaBaRiOTeR K MoHTaxKy tpySonpo- Boos, MeXaHHSMOB H annapatoB (ppeoHOBLIX ycraHOBOK. Crocosnocts R12 pactsopars soity unsToxna. Bara, coxpauaa cBon dusuieckHe cBoficrsa, np MunycoBuix TeMmepatypax aamepsaer H 3aKYMopuBaeT YSKHe NPOXOAB, Hamle BCero B ApocceabHEX yerpotl- erBax, YTO B CBOIO O¥epeb BENET K HapyilieHIIO HOpManbHO paGoTH yctanosKu. S10 cxoficrao xaagona awiserea ero GombiutHM HeROcTaT- KOM, Tak Kak MpuBoANT K HEOOXOANMOCTH MpHHUMATS caorkiBIe cMe- uasbibe Mepst TO MoAHOMY BHCyUINBAHMIO BHYTPeHHUX noxocrelh yeTaHoBku, mpelynpexaenmio NonaqanHa w yaaseHua MpoHHKUel B cuctemy saarn. XsayoH Xopouio pactsopsetca B Mace, oMIKaR ero BasKocts. Yacth Maca NocTosHHO yHocHTeH HB KOMMpeccopa B cucremy H 970 TpeGyel cHlewiaBHEIX KOHCTPYKTUBHBIX mep, oGecre- ‘UHBaIOINAX BOSBPAT Macaa B KapTep KoMMpeccopa. OSesnoxennbe XnazoHet HeliTpambHB KO BCeM MeTaMTaM, 3a HCK- aiouetem cianon, conepxamux Gonee 2% Mg. OxuaKo B mpicyrer- BUM BuarH XaagoH OOpasyeT KUCAOTH, AelicTAYIOMIMe Ha GombuIKHCT- Bo Metannon XaagoM passegawt oOsuHyI peamHy, nosTOMy Aa HSTOTOUACHIA YMIOTHAIOMLNX MpOKAATOK MpUMeHAIOT TOMBKO cHeNH- aubuBle copra PesiiHl H Apyrue ¢peoKiomacstocTofiKHe MaTepHanti. BOKWAKOM BHA XHaL0H cHocoGeH CMbIBaTe C BHYTpeHHel nOnepX- Hocth Tpy6 H annapatos oKasHHy, pxaBHNy H MecoK, Sto orpuita- TeAbHOe CHOHICTBO TpeGYeT AOMAHOTO BHUMAHHA K NO;FOTOBKe CHeTe- Mit, a B Mlocmeayioulem & paGore (renaoxox nea Goptossix warnerarenbiux Kanata 1, pacnonoxenmux 10 Bell naomaan Goptos Had TeHiReKa. Orciona nosayx moctynaer 2 Bosilyxopacnpexeantenbubh Kanan 2, pacnonoxennul MexRy many Gof # rpysopsin pemerkamu. Boprossie nosayxosomu cnaGxenh Te Peroponkann, OGecnesHBaloMAMH PaRHOMepHyIo MORaYy BOIyXa KO Beem yaacrkam naayGHoro Boalyxopacnpeseaurenbioro Kanama, B PacnpeneantenpHom Kakane 2 Bo3ayx ABHTaeTeR OT OGOHX GopToR K LeHTpYy Tplosta, mpiiew mo BeMy NTH MporexoaNT enpepsinHoe NO- crymiemme Bosayxa B Tpiom yepes oTRepeTHA HAN cmeNMa.tbHble Ile als) naay6e. M3 rpioma warperuii Bosmyx Beacusaetes BeHTHAATO- Topusovramuan Bosnymuan cuctema werombaye besrunsuit oRuoro noweutetun. Bosays sewtnasopont Yepessoseye XOoKagHTeN NonaereH B SopTosBoH HarveTarenbuLih Kana, OTEyAA wepes oTmepcrus noctynaer a tpiom, Beacuisanie xarperoro nostyxa BeHtTuaATOpoM ocymecTBAKNeTcH Hepes oTBepcTHA B OOKOBOH cTenKe Kauaaa apyroro Gopta. Taxite cHcTeMbI ta cospemenutix pedpuaxepa~ eed He T[pHMeHAIOT. accMOTPUM MpeHMyUlectRa W HegocTaTKH KaX, - pemnux enerest oxnaninein, Ocxosutin npeuyutecreom ‘cncrest 16 i enocpercTBeHtiore OxAaIKNLeHNA sBAReTeR ee MpoctoTa, a TaKwKe BOIMONHOCTS TOANepAHBATh salaHHEM TeMMepatypuDll PexHM MpH Gouce BuCOKO! TeMMepaType KHNCHHA, TAK Kak B 9TOM cayyae fas rentonepenat HeoGxORUM Mepenag TeMnepatyp — (Tenmeparypubsit Hanop) TOKO Mex BOSAYXOM B OXNaxKAaeMOM NOMeMteHH H KH NUVI XOAORWALULIM areHTOM. CiicTeMa Gomee fosroBeWa, Tem ApytHe. OMMHM 13 HeLOCTaTKOB 9TOM cucTeMbl ABIAeTCA HeOOKOAH- MOCTS pasMemleHa XonosMaHOrO arperata B HenocpencTBeNHo! OaK- a0cTH OT OXJaxKaeMoro OOBeKTa, Tak KAK MPH Gombuol AAHNe TPy- Gonposonos yBenWunpaeTca OMacHOCTS yTedKH xsanareiTa yepes HeIIOTHOCTH B COCARHEHHAX TPyGOMPOBONOB, MORBARIOMNxCH B pe aysbrate nocTosHHOh BHOpAnMH H KAuKA. Tipasunamn Percrpa CCCP sanpemteno mpumenenne ammuay- HX CHCTeM HenocpeXCTBCHHOTO OXABKAEHHA LIA pecppwKepaTopHEE piomos. Tip npoextuponannm pedpwxeparopubix H KpynHBx mac- caXKUPCKUX CyAOB XOMOANABUBLE ATperaTH H MauINHB! CTPeMsTeA coc- PeAOTONHT B oMHOM pehpuAxepaTopHOM noMemenHH BOMIH MaIHH- Horo OTMereHus, BuNs0CTh K KIMTCTOHAM AaeT BOSMOXxHOCTh YKOPO- ‘THT TpyGu OXMaxeHN KOWeHCATOPA H_HpexyCMOTPeTs pesepBHOE oxsarlenle OT HaCOCOB MalIMHNOTO OTAeNeHHA, a yeTawoBKa jelicT~ BYIOULUX MeXaHHSMOB Hannapaton B OHOM MomeueHHM — o6sersHTS waGaonenue 3a HUM. B TO 2Ke BpeMA OxaxKkAaenbie OGvEKTH — DedpHxepatopHie Tpit HM MHOTOWNCAeHHEIe Tpynnosule KOH- ummoneper (410 XapakrepHo JIA KPyNWBIx MaccaKupCKHX cynoB), OGeayxuBaempe oGuLe XoTOAHABHON MauNMHOR, pactonaraioT — B pasHlix vactax cyasta. B sTOM Bapuanre sik TpaHcnOpTHpoBaHHA x0- Oa TpuMeNsOT CHCTEMY OXAAX Tell C NPOMEXYTOUHEIM XOHOXO- wocirenem (Boxof, paccostom) K mipenymectsam paccombuoh cucremsi oTHocarea eute w y06- erBo peryamponanua nonasn paccoma HK BOM B OXAAKAaOULe AN Hapatsy, a cuexoBaTesbHo, H peryaHpoBaltiin XOXOLONPOMsROAHTENTb- HoctH; Gomilan akKyMysauMONaR cnocoSHOCTS cicTeMB, mo3BOAA- jomlad, He npexpaulan OxaaxKAeHHA TloMemenNh Ha AANTeABHOe Bpe- Ma, OCTaHaBNNBATE KOMMpeccope MPH PaGorarouNx Nacocax OnHAKO paccosuaa cucrema rpeGyer GémbmINX KanUTaNDHBxX BAOXKeHUA MpH Toll 2Ke XOMOOMPONSROAUTETDHOCTH H MeHee SKOHOMMUHA, WeM CHC- testa Henocpenctaenioro oxaaxitenna. Tocaeatee OGnACHAeTCH TeM, TO uA MOAUep»KAHHA TOM Xe TeMMepatypst OXAXKLAeMOro OGDEKTA TeMuepatypa KUNeHHA XOnOMHABHOTO areltTa B HeapHTene nom Ha 6biT HinKe (npuMmepxo Ha 5°C), ¥eM B cucTeMe HeTIocpeneTBeRHO- TO OXHaNKIeHHA, 13-32 HeOGXOUMOCTH MOAepaUBATL TeMmepaTyp- nuit Hanop B AByX TenaooOmeHHBx annapatax: Hcmapntene w GaTa- pesx paccombiioro oxsaxKaenus. Kak 2aabme Gyset moKkaaaHio, ¢ oO HiDKeieM TeMMepaTypbt KIMHAA areHTa cylilecTSeHHO yaeauuNBalOT- ca satparéi Ha rioyseHHe xonORa. Tipenmymectsamn ciictembl BOSAyMMHOTO OXMaxKAeHIA nepen RByMA paccMorpenisimn sBaseTer OGecmereHne paBHOMepHOit TeMnepaTypEt Bo Beem OGEMe OXaXAacMOFO TOMA H ero UHTeNCHBHAN BeHTILIA- mus. Flocaequee xeoxoauMo npx nepesosKe ¢pykToR, 967BR 17Orson yraexucaors, BiienmeMoi mpi %xupoB, apyran — onomell n Kaptopens). Octasb. 18 Tasanua2 Tesneparypuuia perxum nposisHONNbIX KaaxoBEIX, por xpaen Kaagonan ann xpavennn peayer cenaue or sao gcc | sue Maca 8 —10 Pao 8 10 ‘Maca 1 xspoe 2 lor—4 x0 Ordx0—1 |Or0n0—1 | 1 Simm woaosix npo- | Or 0 20— aykron Once +4 42 42 9 4 +2 +2 Harmon io ts 3 ‘Mopoxcenioro =18 = = Pasusix exoponopramuix- (Or —2 30 —4|0r —4 20 —6Or —4 20 —6| ~ cl mpoaykron (comuectioe xpavene) ovopaiaaiie, @ KoropoMpery Hpuweuanne. Ha eyane npeayewanpinsor xaazonyo p224op: 9 xoropr anpyeatam Teunepirypa panna or 43 x0 F15°C. HBle Tpy3oBKe MopeKHe cya ZOMKHEI HMeTE MpoBHsHOMBe KaanoBHe AIA CAICAYIOUHX MPOAYKTOB: Maca — xpaweUlle MopOrKeKOTO Maca MACHEIX IPOAYKTOB, PHOM — Xpavenwe MopoxeHo! pHOLI H pLIGo- Mpoayktop, Maca it xkupop — XPavieHe 2KHBOTHOTO Maca Ht 2xNpOB, MscoKoMueHocTeli, KoAGac HT. , OBomLel — Xpalienie cBexHX OB0- mei, Kapropens, cyxHx mponyktos — xpanienne Kpyn, MyKH, caxa- Pa, MakapoH, COM HT. g., a TAKE KAALOBMe PacXOmMAX —MpOAyK- TOB — xpauenie cyToWHoro aanaca MPORYKTOB, B TOM HHCTe cKOpO- Nopramuxes. Kaagopwe 1a xpavenus cKoponopTaULMxcs MIpo.AYKTOB HHYTPH MOKpuBalOT TenTONs0ATUMeH HM OOWMRaIOT altTHKOpposHii- HBIMH MaTepHasaMn, CTHIKM H UBL! NponanBawor. Many6st noKpHiBaioT Kepamuvecknn naHrKamn oOopyayior mimuraTaxe. Temmepatypa p mpopisHOHHAKX KAaLOBBIX 3aBUCHT OT HX HasHaye- Mus M_ MponomauTersHocTH XpalienUA B MUX mpozonomseTDHA (ra6.. 2). Vsorsumonsme matepnanm a Konctpykuuu. Ocnosioe Hasnaye- He HAOASUN — CHInKaTL MPHTOK Tema B OXTarKLAeMbIe MOMELTe- hua, Tiponukaiouiee B oxaiaxknaemite HoMeUleHHiA Ten10 He TOABKO BH auBaeT yoennuenHe TenmOoit Harpy3KH Ha XOMOLMNbHY MalUHy, Ho u cniocoGcrayer ycymke mposyktos. Vetavostexo, vT0 Kaxkable 4.2 «Idk Tena, nponvkarouero B NoMemeHHe, HMewee TeMnepaTy- py —18°C, rae xpauatca neynakoBanHbie HHILeBbe MPOAYKTH, BbIsi- Balor ucnapenne c ux ToBepxHoctH 0,156 BlarH, mpH Temmepatype 10°C — 26 r. K cyzonofi wsonsuau mpexbanamotea creryiouue rpeConania: BHICOKHe TenaosaulTHEIe CBoiicTBa. OTH cBOlcTsa XapaKTepHsy: fore Masio# BeamMHoi TenonpoBoAHOcTH, Manag oGpeMmaa Macca; BHICOKAR MexaltHueckan MpowHOcTs;