DETERMINACIN DE ESTRUCTURAS ORGNICAS

(ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY)

UV/VIS SPECTROSCOPY

Hermenegildo Garca Gmez

Departamento de Qumica
Instituto de Tecnologa Qumica
Universidad Politcnica de Valencia
46022 Valencia

E-mail: hgarcia@qim.upv.es
Telephone: +34 96 387 7807 or ext. 78572/73441
Fax: + 34 96 387 7809
 UV/Vis
A typical UV/Vis Basic equation of all spectroscopics

hc
E = h = = h c

E Difference in energy of the

quantized levels of a
compound
hc
h = = h c Wave energy

Electromagnetic spectrum

Orbitals y *
Diagram of electronic levels

I
Transmittance T=
Sample I0
I
Absorbance A = log 0

I
10

I
I0 Lambert-Beer Law A = kcb
b c = concentration K = molar absorptivity
Table 1. Sumary of electronic transitions
 Definitions
CHOMOPHORE. A covalently unsaturated group responsible for
electronic absortion (for example, C=C, C=O, and NO2).

AUXOCHROME. A saturated group with nonbonded electrons

which, when attached to a chromophore, alters both the
wavelength and the intensity of the absorption

BATHOCHROMIC SHIFT. The shift of absorption to a longer

wavelength due to substitution or solvent effect (a red shift).

HYPSOCHROMIC SHIFT. The shift of absorption to a shorter

wavelength due to substitution or solvent effect (a blue shift).

HYPERCHROMIC EFFECT. An increase in absorption intensity.

HYPOCHROMIC EFFECT. A decrease in absorption intensity.

Solvents
Conjugated dienes
Example Problem
Conjugated polyenes

Examples
Problems
 Problems
1.-
2.-

3.-
4.-

5.-