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IB 2015 10 Importing and Exporting in India PDF
IB 2015 10 Importing and Exporting in India PDF
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? in India
Establishing a Liaison Office
Indias import-export landscape has remained in FY 2015. In the current FY, India became the
stable in recent years despite major changes in the third largest importer of crude oil, after the U.S.
domestic and international economies. In recent and China. Oil imports for India have been steadily
years, Indias main import and export commodities rising in tandem with its growing economy over
have mostly not changed, while its largest trading the past few years.
partners have also remained the same. This stable
import-export structure bodes well for businesses Indias demand for crude petroleum is expected to
that trade with India, as well as those that would like keep rising in 2015, and may surpass the Chinese
to expand their operations to the country. demand for oil. Irans oil production in April 2015
jumped to its highest level in three years as India
Indias Imports in 2015 imports grew, highlighting how Indian oil demand
shapes oil production for major exporters.
During the current Financial Year (FY ), China
exported products worth US$60.4 billion to
Major exporters such as Saudi Arabia, who are
India, making China its biggest exporter. India
trying to consolidate their share of the India market,
is an important market for China; the East Asian
recognize Indias importance as an oil importer.
countrys manufacturing capacity complements
Industry experts note that Saudi Arabia, for
Indias under-performing manufacturing sector.
example, is exploring ways to become more price
Indias importance to China is reflected in the over
competitive, such as by providing their own tankers
US$22 billion in investments from China that Prime
in order to make Saudi crude a more attractive
Minister Narendra Modi helped secure during his
option for Indian refiners.
trip there in May, which was partly designed to
help redress Indias trade imbalance with China.
Indonesia and South Korea are the only other East
Gold, Pearls, Precious and
Asian economies in Indias top ten import sources
Semi-precious stones
Indias second largest import is gold, while its third
in the current FY.
is precious and semi-precious stones. Together, they
account for nearly US$57 billion worth of imported
The second largest exporter to India was Saudi
goods in FY 2015.
Arabia, which exported goods worth US$28.2
billion. The United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar,
Domestic consumer demand for gold is driven
Iraq and Nigeria are also major exporters to India,
by cultural and economic factors. Many Indians
reflecting Indias high demand for petroleum.
purchase gold for major occasions, such as festivals
or marriage ceremonies, because its considered
Petroleum: Crude
auspicious. Meanwhile, many Indians consider gold
Indias largest import is crude petroleum, with
as one of the safest investment options. Gold is
around US$116.4 billion worth being imported
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Issue 28 October 2015 India Briefing
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India Briefing Issue 28 October 2015
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Issue 28 October 2015 India Briefing
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Import and Export
Procedures in India
By Dezan Shira & Associates
Editor: Pritesh Samuel
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Issue 28 October 2015 India Briefing
Under the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), no including the name of the exporter, invoice
formal Bill of Entry is required (as it is recorded number, consignee, description and quantity of
electronically), but the importer is required to file goods, free on board (FOB) value, etc.
a cargo declaration after prescribing particulars At the same time as submitting a shipping bill/
required for processing of the entry for customs bill of export, other relevant documents must also
clearance. Bills of Entry can be one of three types: be provided, including invoices, export contracts,
and packing lists.
Bill of Entry for Home Consumption This form is A certificate of origin must also be submitted. This
used when the imported goods clear on payment is used to verify where goods have been produced.
of full duty. Home consumption means use
within India. It is informally known as the white Goods can be exported freely if they are not mentioned
bill of entry due to its color. in the classification of ITC (HS). The ITC classification of
Bill of Entry for Housing If the imported goods goods for export is as follows: restricted, prohibited
are not required immediately, importers may and State Trading Enterprise (STE).
store the goods in a warehouse without the
payment of duty under a bond and then clear Restricted Goods
them from the warehouse when required on Before exporting any restricted goods, the exporter
payment of duty. This will enable the deferment must obtain a license explicitly permitting the
of payment of the customs duty until goods are exporter to do so. The restricted goods must be
actually required. This Bill of Entry is printed on exported through a set of procedures detailed in
yellow paper and is thus often called the yellow the license.
bill of entry. It is also called the into bond bill of
entry as the bond is executed for the transfer of Prohibited Goods
goods in a warehouse without paying duty. These are items which cannot be exported. The vast
Bill of Entry for Ex-Bond Clearance The third majority of these include wild animals, and animal
type is for ex-bond clearance. This is used for articles that may carry risk of infection.
clearance from the warehouse on payment of
duty and is printed on green paper. State Trading Enterprise (STE)
Payments can be made to member countries of Certain items can be exported only through
the Asian Clearing Union (excluding Nepal) and designated STEs. The export of such items is subject
in any permitted currency. For all other countries to the conditions specified in the EXIM policy.
payment can be made in any permitted currency,
including Indian Rupees. In addition, certain restrictions apply to the import
and export of goods from and to certain countries.
Export Procedures While most goods can be imported or exported to
The following is required to export from India: countries, India has a Most Favored Nation (MFN)
agreement, making trade with certain countries
A PAN based Business Identification Number (BIN) prohibited as per UN sanctions or international
from the DGFT. This must be acquired before conventions.
filling out a shipping bill or a bill of export for
exported goods. Mode of payment
If exporting by air or sea, a shipping bill must The value of the exported goods is received
be filled out, or if exporting by road, a bill of through a bank in the following ways:
export must be completed. These bills contain
information relevant to exporting from India, Bank draft, pay order, bankers or personal cheques
Foreign currency notes/foreign currency travellers
cheques from the buyer during his visit to India.
Related Reading
Payment out of funds held in the Foreign
For more information on managing your accounting and
Currency Non Resident (FCNR) or Non Resident
bookkeeping in India, please see our related publication on the Rupee (NRE) account maintained by the buyer
subject. DOWNLOAD International Credit Cards of the buyer.
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Calculating Customs
Duties in India
By Tracie Frost
Editor: Adam Pitman
In the early 1990s, India began economic reforms While the basic customs duty rate is 10 percent,
that have made its trade regime increasingly additional duties bring the aggregate customs
transparent. The reforms have been accompanied duty up to 29.44 percent in 2015. Rates may vary
by a decline in import tariff rates from a peak of depending on the classification of goods. As there
350 percent in June 1991 to a current average of are thousands of goods that are imported into
10 percent. India, it is not feasible to prescribe rates of duty for
each type of merchandise here. However, the basic
However, Indias tariffs are still relatively high by calculation of import duties is as follows:
international standards. High tariffs and import
restrictions have constrained foreign firms from Basic Customs Duty (BCD)
selling in India. They have also prevented investors This duty is levied most commonly ad-valorem,
from importing competitively in several industries. based on the assessed value of the goods. The
duty is calculated on the value of the goods plus
While India has progressively cut duties and taxes, shipping and insurance charges. In general the
domestic industry still enjoys relatively high levels BCD rate is 10 percent. For capital goods, the rate
of protection in several areas. Foreign companies is 7.5 percent. For agricultural goods the rate is
encounter tariff and non-tariff barriers, including between 30 percent and 85 percent. Textile rates
a complex tariff regime. Further, the Indian vary between 10 and 30 percent.
government is not shy about imposing both civil
and criminal penalties for not following customs Countervailing duty (CVD)
regulations. This duty is levied on the assessed value of goods
plus basic customs duty. Goods that fall into this
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Issue 28 October 2015 India Briefing
Percentage of Amount
Description of Duty
Duty Levied in US $
Value of imported goods
1,000,000
(including freight, insurance, and 1% customs handling fee)
Basic Customs Duty (BCD) 10 % 100,000
Basis for Calculating CVD 1,100,000
Countervailing Duty Rate 12.5 % 137,500
Basis for Calculating Education Cess 237,500
Education Cess 2% 4,750
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