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um fenmeno tipicamente social que ocorre exclusivamente em grupos

sociais e nas organizaes. A liderana exercida como uma influncia
interpessoal em uma dada situao e dirigida atravs do processo de
comunicao humana para a consecuo de um ou mais objetivos
especficos.

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Gerentes Lderes

Tomam uma atitude ativa e

pessoal em relao aos
Tomam uma atitude impessoal e passiva em
objetivos.
relao aos objetivos.
Buscam novas abordagens para
Negociam e tomam atitudes coercitivas.
os problemas.
Evitam o risco.
Procuram o risco quando as
Preferem trabalhar com pessoas, mas com
oportunidades so
pouco envolvimento emocional.
interessantes.
Focam em processos, no "como" as decises
Se relacionam com as pessoas
so tomadas, em vez de "quais" decises de-
de modo direto e com empatia.
vem ser tomadas.
Focam nos pontos importantes
dos eventos e decises.
 222/634

Moldam as ideias em vez de re-

agir a elas. Alteram percepes e
expectativas.

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Figura 6.3 Estilos de liderana

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Figura 6.6 Teoria da Contingncia de Fiedler

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Figura 6.7 Ciclo de vida de Hersey e Blanchard

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a) Na diviso do trabalho, o lder autocrtico determina a tarefa de cada um e cada qual
escolhe seu companheiro de trabalho. Na liderana democrtica, o grupo decide sobre a
diviso de trabalho e sobre o parceiro de cada um.
b) Na programao dos trabalhos, tanto o lder democrtico como o liberal no interferem de
nenhuma forma nas decises do grupo.
c) As caractersticas comportamentais predominantes dos subordinados do lder liberal e do
lder democrtico so similares quanto escolha do que fazer e quando fazer.
d) O volume dos resultados produzidos pelo exerccio da liderana autocrtica maior,
porm a frustrao e a agressividade tambm.
e) Grupos submetidos s lideranas liberais e democrticas tendem ao individualismo e a ig-
norar o lder com o passar do tempo.
 235/634

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 238/634

DC>2>=580=U0 possuem confiana plena no prprio julgamento e

habilidade;
,8BT> apresentam uma meta idealizada que prope um futuro melhor
que o status quo. Quanto maior a disparidade entre essa meta idealizada
e o status quo, mais os seguidores tendero a atribuir ao lder uma viso
extraordinria;
018;83034 34 0AC82D;0UT> eles podem esclarecer e formular sua
viso de maneira compreensvel para os demais, demonstrando uma
compreenso das necessidades dos seguidores e, consequentemente,
atuando como fora motivadora;
>AC4 2>=E82UT> os lderes carismticos so tidos como fortemente
comprometidos, dispostos a assumir elevados riscos pessoais, arcar com
custos altos e dedicar-se ao autossacrifcio para realizar o que
pretendem;
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Quando bem-sucedidos, esse tipo de comportamento desperta sur-
presa e admirao nos seguidores;
64=C4B 34 <D30=U0 os lderes carismticos so percebidos como
agentes de mudana radical, em lugar de mantenedores do status quo;
)4=B818;83034 0> 0<184=C4 fazem avaliaes realistas das imposies
ambientais e dos recursos necessrios para provocar a mudana.

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seleo para a alocao de esforos, filtrar as informaes a serem anal-
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um nico fim.

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a) se preocupa com o bom funcionamento da organizao, enquanto a liderana se define
pela busca da inovao e a mudana;
b) atua sempre a partir de metas consensualmente estabelecidas, enquanto a liderana deve
recorrer sempre a sua posio;