Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Pa-6 Pa Today

    Uploaded by

    api-294386500
    1K views16 pages

    Original Title

    pa-6 pa today

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    1K views16 pages

    Pa-6 Pa Today

    Uploaded by

    api-294386500

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 16
    any PON a Pennsylvania Today You have responsibili ” as a global citizen. —August Wilson, 1987 A conclusions a decision or idea reached by using evidence fram what you read and what you already know about a subject. To draw a conch sion, combine new facts with the facts you already know. ‘As you read this chapter, gather new facts and use what you already know to draw eonclusions about Pennsylvania PAG-4 SE bran conctusions AAs you read, draw conclusinns abut Pennsylvania’ modern economy, BIG IDEA Pesinsyvania’s economy today is diverse VOCABULARY marketplace producer scarcity there are many farms that supply fresh fruits and vegetables to farmers’ markets arund the state, A Modern Economy Be nso make good use of the fiatktp1a8, or the sale of goods and sarvices. By making and selling many products, the state's citizens strengthen the economy. The Marketplace of Today In Pennisyivania’s marketplace, consumers buy from Producers, or people who make goods and provide services. ‘Many factors affect the trade of goods and services. One of these factors is produet demand. If a producer makes a product ‘that people want or need, it will be easy to sell. If demand for a Product is low, it will be more difficult to sell Scarcity, or limited supply, also affects the marketplace. If Many consumers want an item that has a limited supply, produc: #13 can charge more money for it. For example, Amish quilts are scarce because they are mace by hand. People whe want to buy an Amish guilt must pay more for it than they would for one made in a factory, (GSTED How does scarcity affect selling prices? DRAW CONCLUSIONS Economic Choices The marketplace is driven by consumer choices, Think about the choices you make when you shop. How do you decide whether to buy now or later? Governments must make similar economic choices. In the past, coal mined in Pennsylvania helped the state because jt could be sold in areas that did net have if, In recent years, many cities and towns have turned to fuel sources other than coal. As a result, some Pennsylvania communities have developed different fuel sources. State officials expect that ‘as fuels such as coal and oil become scarcer, new fuel sources will be needed Some communities give incentives, or special rewards, to attract businesses to their communities. Pennsylvania has recently offered incentives to companies that make products and do research for uae t Ava apt gau tae ie be epaeiae Many companies in Pennsylvania do medical research. health care. These companies will expand their businesses and create more jobs for people in Pennsylvania CQTED Why do some communities offer incentives to businesses? Today, many companies do business all around the world. International trade is an important part of Pennsylvania's economy. In a recent year, the state exported more than $16 billion worth of goods to more than 200 countries, Canada and Mexico are the state's two largest foreign trading partners. Farm products are the most commonly traded goods Chemicals, machinery, and high-tech products are also bought and sold. Geographic differences affect the state's ‘economy today. The economy of western Pennsylvania depends mainly on agricul- ture. Pittsburgh continues to lead the state in iron and steel production In many areas, tourism is important. Thousands of people visit cities, such as Harrisburg and Hershey, every year to iS industries in Pennsylvania. @ Which industry has the greatest number of employees? ery) nen iy Industries in Pennsylvania Retail Trade Health & Social Services | learn about our state’s history and cul tural heritage. Philadelphia and other historic sites are also popular tourist attractions. Although coal plays a smaller role in the state's economy than it ance did, coal min: ing is still a major industry. Manufacturing has always been important to the state. Today, Pennsylvania is a leading maker of cement products, chemicals, and elec tronics. Allegheny, Philadelphia, and Montgomery Counties are the main centers of manufacturing Many people throughout the state work in retail stores. Many others have jobs with high-tech companies, hospitals, or colleges, State College, the town where Penn State University is located, has become a large metropolitan region. Many people work there. CED which countries are Pennsylvania's leading foreign trading partners? The bar graph below shows the number of people who work in Like adults, children can earn interest on their money by putting itin a bank. The state quarter (below) features a keystone and the state motto, Virtue, Liberty Indopendence. If you save your money in a bank, the bank will pay you interest, Interest is money a bank or borrower pays for the use of money. The longer money stays in the bank, the more interest is earned. When a bank lends money, the borrower pays interest to the bank. You can use 2 bank to save money that you earn from a job or an allowance. Sepa ‘Some people earn money by investing in businesses. If the company does well, PS DRAW CONCLUSIONS Why are farm the investment grows larger. Many £3) roducts the most commonly traded Pennsylvania businesses were built up goods? bby investors who believed that those @ BIGIDEA How is Pennsylvania's economy today different from its economy in ‘ompanies would be successful foe the past? (GSUED Why is it good to save money ina bank? @ DRAW CON! th VOCABULARY Write a sentence that ° explains how ineentives affect econamic choices, © ECONOMICS Why da some people invest in businesses? ® Draw coneLusions ‘As you read, draw ‘conclusions abo the role of gavernment in Pennsylvania BIG IDEA Pennayvania’s srovermeants serve and protect ts erzons imited government unlimited government preamble commonwealth ‘When the "Pennsylvania FAS) General Assombly opens a new session in January, family members attend the ceremony, There are 50 state senators and 208 representatives in the General Assembly Levels of Government Dv csscsepsenssmnpmisaamnsi aie laws are obeyed. The government also provides services to citizens, People living in Pennsylvania have three levels of government—national, state, and local. Governments by the People Each level of government in Pennsylvania has its own respon sibilities. The different powers and duties of each are written into laws by the citizens. The result is limited/ government. When citizens participate in the lawmeking pracess, the power of their leaders is limited. When rulers make laws without considering what citizens want, the result is Unlimited gavernment, People must obey laws even if they are unfair. People no say in their government cannot make changes when they want them, GST why do you think Pennsylvanians choose to have limited government? @ DRaw CONCLUSIONS Levels and Branches of Government The federal, or national, government is responsible for issues that affect citizens in every state, State government serves the needs of citizens of a single state. Elected state officials make decisions about public schools and hospitals. Local governments meet the needs of their commu! nities, such as fire: andl police protection. Like the federal government, aur state government has three branches. The leg: islative branch writes laws. The executive branch enforces laws. The judicial branch decides if laws are fair and punishes lawbreakers. The General Assembly is the law- making, or legislative, branch. It meets in the State House in Harrisburg. The legisla jure has two parts—the senate and the house of representatives. Members of the General Assembly are elected to office. General Assembly has 50 senators and 203 representatives. Voters elect a governor to head the executive branch. The executive branch makes sure that laws made by the legisla- ‘ture are carried out. Voters also elect a lieutenant (loo*Te#+nuhnt) governor to help the governor run the executive branch ‘Seven justices serve on the Pennsylvania ‘Suprome Court. They fniget in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Harrisburg, ‘The judicial branch is headed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. The supreme: court has seven judges, called justices ‘They decide cases about the fairness of state laws and review decisions made by lower courts. The three branches make sure that no single branch becomes too powerful Because the power of each branch is lirnited, this system is knows as checks and balances. GUE) What are the three branches of government? Students can learn about government by participating in mock elections. In a mock eleetior these students vote for 8 presidential candidate. A Plan for Government Our state constitution has changed several times since 1776. The current. constitution was adopted in 1968. The ‘Preamble, or opening section of the con- stitution, shows that the state respects individual freedoms and religious freedom. Tt reads: 66We the people af the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of civil and religious liberty, and humbly invoking [ealling upon] His guidance, do ordain [approve] and establish this constitution. 99 Pennsylvania state founded by law for the common good of its citizens. The constitution Courthouse in uses thraughout Penns; the sta shapes our state and local governments. It also gives the General Assembly certain powers over local governments, The General Assembly defines areas in Pennsylvania as cities, counties, boroughs, schoo! districts, and townships. Each has a different farm of local government. Large cities, such a5 Philadelphia and Pittsburgh have governments headed by a mayor. Boroughs and smaller cities are managed by a council and a mayor. Cities, boroughs, and townships have certain duties. They provide public ser- vices, such as fire and police protection. Local governments also help manage emergencies. GST iat are some public services that local governments provide to citizens? one of many local Meeting Challenges Every government faces challenges. In some parts of Pennsylvania, the water is polluted. Coal mines that have been shut down are draining polluted water into streams, rivers, and lakes. The state must decide how to pay for the clean-up of the polluted water. The state government must also work to build trust in diverse communities. When different groups have conflicts, the gevernment steps in to help. In recent years, the state’ economy has come to rely more on trade with Canada Being a good neighbor helps the state's economy, and that is good for everyene CHEW) What kinds of challenges docs the state government face? Cony (noun) in Philadel 301 ehildren improve their reading sKilis. A federal progeai (above) gives pedometers ta students to encourage: more often. SSR, DRAW CONCLUSIONS Why do Gs) ‘you think the state constitution has changed aver time? @ BIG IDEA How does government serve the citizens of Pennsylvania? @ VOCABULARY In a paragraph, tell ways in which timitedigouernment and ilimitéd government are similar and different. © CIVICS AND GOVERNMENT What doos the preamble tell aout Pennsyivania's government? Pennsylvania’s Citizens 3 Draw cone.usions M . AS you read, draw jany of Pennsylvania's citizens were born in the state. Conclusions about the agits Some have moved here from other parts of the country. Others and responsibilities oF have immigrated from countries all over the world, No matter citizenship. where they come fram, all citizens of Pennsylvania have rights BIG IDEA given by the state and national constitutions. With these As will as ight, rights come responsibi Pennsylvania's citizens have cerain responsibilities to their community, state Citizens’ Rights bane The constitutions of both Pennsylvania and the United States QWOCABULARY) §—8Ve sections that lst the rights of citizens. Those parts are called the Declaration of Rights in the Pennsylvania Constitution and the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution. Citizens’ rights include freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and the right to gather in peace ful groups. In addition, citizens have the right to a public trial if they are charged with a crime. What are some rights that izens in Pennsylvania have? Far immigrants to become United Statcs citizens, they must know how 10 spe, ead, and vwrite in English. Citizens also need to study United States history and government, és Sept bell of ca Citizens’ Responsibilities Citizens have a responsibility to vote in elections. Voting lets the public make desi- sions about important issues. Elected officials pay attention to how citizens vote. Citizens use their votes to have a say in government To vote in Pennsylvania, you must be at least 18 years old, be 2 United States citi zen, and have lived in Pennsylvania for at least 30 days before the election. Citizens must fill out a voter registration form at east 30 days before Election Day. Citizens who will be away from home on Election Day can vote by using an absentee ballot. Citizens also have a responsibility to help the government pay for public ser- vices. Citizens do this by paying taxes. If people think their taxes are unfair, they sengers ani ber 1, ee Mo +5 wha lost their fi te fire chie' jony on Septembe The Shanks brance du can speak up and ask for change. Citizens may also decide to serve their community in special ways. This may include serving in the United States military or the National Guard. Pennsylvania's National Guard helps ‘the state in times of emergencies oF during natural disasters. (On September 11, 2001, an emergency happened. United Airlines Flight 93 crashed in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Terrorists had hijacked the plane, but a group of brave passengers tried to take over the plane. They pre- vented the plane from crashing into @ buliding in Washington, D.C. The Flight 93 National Memorial now marks the site whore the plane went down (GSTED Whetare some responsibilities of citirenship? @ DRAW CONCLUSIONS PAG-11 Citizens’ Participation There are many good reasons for people to participate in government and commu- nity life. One important reason is to make sure that people's interests are heard at all levels of government. Citizens and officials must also make sure that the interests of their state are Protected, For example, the federal gov- ernment might pass laws that affect industries in our state. If a federal law. is not good for Pennsylvania's citizens, stato and local officials will take action to protect those people. Participation in the community goes far beyond voting. It includes helping your Neighbers, cleaning up the community, and doing volunteer work for others who need help. Being a citizen is like being part of a family. Just as a family is stronger when every family member helps out, a commu. nity is stronger when everyone takes an active role. Participation helps members of certain groups who are in the minority. For 8y volunteering ta help samoone in need, you can Participate in an important community eflert. example, the immigrant population of Pennsylvania has grown in recent years, Political groups have formed to help these immigrants get what they need, such as Newspapers in their own languages. How can participating in the ‘community help members of minority groups? Young people and adults volunteer together to install a gate on the Capital Greenbelt, walking trail that Circles Harrishurg. Media helps people learn about current events, Citizenship in an Information Age izens need information about their communities and governments to make good decisions. Radio, newspapers, maga zines, television, and the Internet alt provide information about important issues and events. Each of these media sources affects many people. Often the goal of the media is ta affect how people think or act. Many businesses use all kinds of media to sell products. If consumers like af adver- tisement, they may be more likely to buy the product. Media can also affect the way people think and vote. Responsible citizens listen to different points of view. Freedom of ‘the press means that the media can pre- sent facts, ideas, and opinions without government approval You have many media choices to help you learn about your local, state, and national governments. To be a responsible citizen, you should gain information from several media sources. In this way, you can decide what is best for your community. (GET What is freedom of the press? DRAW CONCLUSIONS Hovsare citizens! rights different from their responsibilities? © BIG IDEA How can Pennsylvanians be responsible citizens? @ VOCABULARY Write a sentence telling one way thatthe media keeps people informed © CIVICS AND GOVERNMENT Why is it important for citizens to vote? DJA} CR ateicted the Pennsylvania State Capitol Harrisburg, Pennsylvania is the third city to serve as the state capital. The capital Was moved from Philadelphia to Lancaster in 1799, and then to Harrisburg in 1812. The original Hazrisburg capitol building was destroyed in a fire in 1897. The five-story capitol building that stands . {oday was finished in 1906. Atits dedica- Colima ion, President Theodore Roasevelt &

    You might also like