I HC QUC GIA H NI

TRNG I HC CNG NGH

**********************

Vng Th Hi Yn

NGHIN CU GIAI PHAP NNG CAO AN TOAN BAO MT

CHO D LIU AM MY

CHUYN NGNH: K THUT PHN MM

M S : 60480103

LUN VN THC S CNG NGH THNG TIN

H Ni - 2017
 I HC QUC GIA H NI
TRNG I HC CNG NGH

********************

Vng Th Hi Yn

NGHIN CU GIAI PHAP NNG CAO AN TOAN BAO MT

CHO D LIU AM MY

CHUYN NGNH: K THUT PHN MM

M S : 60480103

LUN VN THC S CNG NGH THNG TIN

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC:

TS. L QUANG MINH

H Ni - 2017
 1

LI CM N

hon thnh chng trnh kha cao hc v vit lun vn ny, ti nhn
c s hng dn, gip v gp nhit tnh ca qu thy c trng i hc
Cng ngh - i hc Quc gia H Ni.
Li u tin, ti xin by t lng bit n su sc n TS. L Quang Minh -
ngi trc tip hng dn ti thc hin lun vn ny. Thy tn tnh ch
bo, cung cp cho ti nhng kin thc, nhng ti liu, phng php nghin
cu mt vn mang tnh khoa hc v gip ti a ra nhng tng khi lm
lun vn.

Xin cng by t lng bit n chn thnh ti cc thy c gio trong B

mn K thut phn mm, Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin, nhng ngi em tr
tu, cng sc ca mnh truyn t li cho chng ti nhng kin thc hc tp
v cng c ch trong nhng sut qu trnh hc tp ca mnh.

Cng xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti Ban Gim hiu Nh trng, Phng

o to sau i hc, i hc Cng ngh - i hc Quc gia H Ni to iu
kin tt nht cho chng ti trong sut qu trnh hc tp.
Cui cng ti xin gi li cm n n gia nh, bn b, nhng ngi
lun bn ti, ng vin v khuyn khch ti trong qu trnh thc hin ti
nghin cu ca mnh.

H Ni, thng 04 nm 2017

Hc vin

Vng Th Hi Yn
 2

LI CAM OAN

Ti xin cam oan lun vn ny l cng trnh nghin cu ca c nhn, khng

sao chp ca ai, nhng ni dung kin thc trnh by trong lun vn ny l do ti
tm hiu ti liu, nghin cu v trnh by theo cch hiu ca bn thn di s
hng dn trc tip ca TS. L Quang Minh. Cc ni dung nghin cu v kt
qu thc nghim trong ti ny hon ton trung thc.
Trong qu trnh lm lun vn, ti c tham kho n mt s ti liu lin
quan ca cc tc gi trong v ngoi nc, ti ghi r ngun gc ti liu tham
kho v c lit k ti phn ti liu tham kho cui lun vn.
Nu c g sai st, ti xin chu mi trch nhim.

H Ni, thng 4 nm 2017

Hc vin

Vng Th Hi Yn
 3

MUC LUC
LI CM N ....................................................................................................... 1
LI CAM OAN.................................................................................................. 2
CH THCH VIT TT THUT NG TING ANH ....................................... 5
DANH MC CC BNG.................................................................................... 6
DANH MC CC HNH V, TH ............................................................... 7
M U ............................................................................................................... 9
1. L do chn ti .................................................................................... 9
2. Mc tiu v phm vi nghin cu ............................................................ 9
3. Phng php nghin cu ...................................................................... 10
4. Kt qu t c................................................................................... 10
5. Cu trc lun vn .................................................................................. 11
Chng 1. TNG QUAN V CC PHNG PHP BO V D LIU LU
TR TRN M MY HIN NAY ................................................................ 13
1.1. Khi qut v in ton m my ....................................................... 13
1.1.1. Khi nim .................................................................................... 13
1.1.2. c im ca in ton m my ................................................ 14
1.2. Cc nh cung cp dch v in ton m my ................................... 16
1.3. Phng php bo v d liu lu tr trn m my ............................ 21
1.3.1. Mt s vn thc t v an ton d liu trong lu tr trn m
my hin nay ......................................................................................... 21
1.3.2. Cc bin php bo v d liu lu tr trn m my c s dng
hin nay ................................................................................................. 24
M ha d liu: ...................................................................................... 24
Chng 2. PHNG PHP D PHNG CU TRC NNG CAO TIN
CY CHO H THNG LU TR D LIU .................................................. 31
2.1. Tng quan v phng php nng cao tin cy h thng ................. 31
2.1.1. Mt s khi nim ......................................................................... 31
2.1.2. Phng php nh gi tin cy ca h thng qua cu trc h
thng ...................................................................................................... 32
2.1.3. ngha ........................................................................................ 35
 4

2.2. Phng php d phng cu trc nng cao tin cy cho h thng lu
tr d liu ................................................................................................. 36
2.3. Khi qut v c ch RAID v RAID i vi bi ton an ton d liu
cho h thng my tnh .............................................................................. 39
2.3.1. Cc loi RAID ............................................................................. 40
2.3.2. nh gi tin cy ca cc h thng RAID ................................ 46
2.4. Trin khai RAID ................................................................................ 47
2.5. Kt lun ............................................................................................. 48
Chng 3. GII PHP NNG CAO AN TON BO MT D LIU
LU TR TRN M MY V NG DNG VO THC T DOANH
NGHIP.............................................................................................................. 50
3.1. Gii php ........................................................................................... 50
3.1.1. Gii php ..................................................................................... 50
3.1.2. Xy dng quy trnh bi ton thc t doanh nghip: ..................... 50
3.2. C ch lu tr d liu ........................................................................ 52
3.3. M hnh bi ton da trn l thuyt xc sut v tin cy ca h
thng ......................................................................................................... 55
3.4. nh gi v so snh vi gii php khc ............................................. 60
KT LUN ......................................................................................................... 63
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................. 64
 5

CH THCH VIT TT THUT NG TING ANH

IaaS Infrastructure as a Service

PaaS Platform as a Service
RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
SaaS Software as a Service
 6

DANH MUC CC BNG

Bng 1. Bng so snh tng tin cy ca trng hp 1................................58

Bng 2. Bng so snh tng tin cy ca trng hp 2................................59

 7

DANH MUC CC HNH V, TH

Hnh 1.1. M hnh in ton m my................................................................13

Hnh 1.2. M t kin trc ca in ton m my..............................................15

Hnh 1.3. Cc m hnh trin khai in ton m my.........................................16

Hnh 1.4. Cc m hnh dch v ca in ton m my......................................16

Hinh 1.5. Mt s biu tng nh cung cp dch v m my.............................20

Hnh 2.1. S ca h cc phn t ni tip........................................................33

Hnh 2.2. S ca h cc phn t song song....................................................34

Hnh 2.3. Cu trc h thng d phng c ti (d phng nng)...........................37

Hnh 2.4. Cu trc h thng d phng khng ti (d phng ngui)...................38

Hnh 2.5. RAID 0................................................................................................42

Hnh 2.6. RAID 1................................................................................................42

Hnh 2.7. RAID 5................................................................................................44

Hnh 2.8. RAID 6................................................................................................44

Hnh 2.9. RAID 10..............................................................................................45

Hnh 2.10. V d v RAID cng..........................................................................48

Hnh 3.1. Quy trnh gii quyt bi ton lu tr d liu.................................51

Hnh 3.2. C ch lu tr d liu...................................................................53

Hnh 3.3. Phn mnh d liu v lu tr trn cc kho d liu m my........53

Hnh 3.4. Cu trc header ca cc phn..............................................................55

 8

Hnh 3.5. M hnh hot ng...............................................................................56

Hnh 3.6. tin cy ca h thng trong trng hp 1........................................57

Hnh 3.7. tin cy ca h thng trong trng hp 2........................................57

Hnh 3.8. Biu hin th tng ca tin cy trng hp 1......................59

Hnh 3.9. Biu hin th tng ca tin cy trng hp 2......................60

 9

M U

1. L do chn ti
Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin khng ngng ca internet, cc dch v
lu tr m my nh Google Drive, Dropbox, SugarSync, Amazon Cloud
Drive, Box, Mimedia (m) Drive, Skydrive, SpidekOak cng ang c s
dng ngy cng rng ri bi nhng tnh nng sao lu, lu tr d liu trc tuyn
vi kh nng ng b theo thi gian thc v t ng thc hin sao lu chia s
ton b th mc m mnh mun, n cn cho php ngi s dng quay tr li
qu kh khi phc nhng d liu b xa hoc b thay i Thm vo , nh
cung cp thng cho ngi dng mt s gi min ph hoc vi chi ph gi rt r,
thun tin trong vic ci t v s dng i vi cc c nhn v n v nh. V
vy s lng s dng dch v ngy cng tng. iu ny i hi cc dch v trn
phi to lp c uy tn, m bo bo mt v an ton cho d liu s lu tr
trn . Tuy nhin, y l chng trnh lu tr t ng trn mt my ch, tnh
bo mt d liu cha th khng nh c, khng th chc chn thng tin c b
nh cp hoc l b mt hay khng.

Chnh v vy ti Nghin cu gii php nng cao an ton bo mt cho

d liu m my c la chn vi mong mun c th l mt ti liu b ch
c th gip ngi pht trin hiu k hn v khi nim, li ch v nhng vn
lin quan n lu tr m my. Ngoi ra, ti cng s nghin cu v xy dng
mt gii php nhm nng cao tnh an ton bo mt cho d liu lu tr m my.

Trn c s cc nghin cu c, lun vn tp trung vo cc mc tiu v

cc vn cn gii quyt sau:

2. Mc tiu v phm vi nghin cu

Lun vn tp trung nghin cu v in ton m my, cc vn lu tr

d liu, an ton d liu trn in ton m my; ch ra, phn tch nhng mt u
nhc im ca cc gii php c a vo s dng trong vic bo v d
 10

liu m my lm r tnh cp thit ca ti. ng thi trnh by cc phng

php d phng nng cao tin cy ca h thng. Sau , trnh by tng hp,
phn tch kin thc xoay quanh c ch RAID. RAID i vi bi ton an ton d
liu cho h thng my. T xut chi tit gii php nng cao an ton d liu
lu tr trn m my, chng minh tin cy ca gii php v vn dng c th
vo doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay.

3. Phng php nghin cu

Trong lun vn ny ti kt hp nhiu phng php nghin cu khc

nhau ph hp vi yu cu ca ti, bao gm cc phng php nghin cu sau:

- Phng php phn tch, tng hp: Nghin cu cc ti liu c lin

quan ti vn lu tr d liu, thc t vn an ton d liu trong lu
tr trn m my, cc gii php s dng, cc kin thc c bn v c
ch RAID, phn tch rt ra cc vn ct li, sau tng hp v
xu chui li c ci nhn tng th v vn ang nghin cu.
- Phng php nghin cu thc tin: Tm hiu thc trng ca vic m
bo an ton bo mt d liu c lu tr trn m my hin nay, mc
hiu qu ca cc gii php m cc chuyn gia a vo s dng v
t so snh nh gi hiu qu ca gii php c xut.
- Phng php thc nghim: Thc nghim i vi c gii php c
cc chuyn gia a ra v gii php xut, so snh nh gi nhm xc
nh tnh kh thi, hiu qu, mc gii quyt nhng vn ang gp
phi trong vic m bo an ton d liu lu tr trn m my.

4. Kt qu t c

T mc tiu nghin cu gii php m bo an ton d liu lu tr trn

in ton m my, lun vn tp trung lm r c nhng l thuyt c bn v
in ton m my, vn bo v d liu trn in ton m my hin nay, ch
ra nhng gii php c s dng trc v phn tch r nhng u im,
hn ch cn phi khc phc; cc phng php d phng nng cao tin cy ca
 11

h thng. Sau , trnh by tng hp, phn tch kin thc xoay quanh c ch
RAID. RAID i vi bi ton an ton d liu cho h thng my.

ng thi vn dng c s l thuyt RAID vo vic gii quyt bi ton an

ton d liu lu tr trn m my. Kt qu cui cng l lun vn xut
thnh cng gii php mi nng cao an ton d liu lu tr trn m my, chng
minh thnh cng tnh ng n v hiu qu v tnh kh thi ca gii php; a ra
c quy trnh c th ca vic ng dng gii php vo thc tin vo doanh
nghip Vit Nam hin nay.

5. Cu trc lun vn
Lun vn c trnh by trong 3 chng, vi ni dung chnh ca mi
chng nh sau:

M U

Gii thiu v l do chn ti, mc tiu, phm vi nghin cu v phng

php nghin cu, tm lc cc kt qu t c.

Chng 1 - Tng quan v cc phng php bo v d liu lu tr trn m

my

Chng ny trnh by c s l thuyt v in ton m my. Gii thiu

mt s dch v lu tr m my.

Lp lun dn chng v nhng vn mt mt d liu, an ton d liu

trong lu tr trn dch v m my.

Trnh by v phn tch gii php c trng m ha d liu trong lu tr

d liu m my, u nhc im, nhng nhc im cn phi khc phc
m bo an ton bo mt cho d liu m my.

T rt ra kt lun v tnh cp thit, ngha thc tin khoa hc ca lun

vn l gii quyt vn bi ton t ra: Nghin cu gii php nng cao an
ton bo mt cho d liu m my.
 12

Chng 2 - Phng php d phng cu trc nng cao tin cy cho h thng
lu tr d liu

Nu cc phng php d phng nng cao tin cy ca h thng. Sau ,

trnh by tng hp, phn tch kin thc xoay quanh c ch RAID. RAID i vi
bi ton an ton d liu cho h thng my.

Chng 3 - xut gii php nng cao an ton bo mt d liu lu tr trn

m my v ng dng vo thc t doanh nghip

Trnh by chi tit gii php, pht biu bi ton xc nh v m t quy trnh
bi ton thc t v a ra lp lun chng minh tin cy ca gii php. Thc t
ng dng gii php vo doanh nghip.

KT LUN

Tm lc kt qu chnh ca lun vn, nh gi gii php mi a ra v so

snh vi nhng gii php c s dng.
 13

Chng 1. TNG QUAN V CC PHNG PHP BO V D LIU

LU TR TRN M MY HIN NAY

1.1. Khi qut v in ton m my

1.1.1. Khi nim

in ton m my (ting Anh: cloud computing), cn gi l in ton
my ch o, l m hnh in ton s dng cc cng ngh my tnh v pht trin
da vo mng Internet. Thut ng "m my" y l li ni n d ch
mng Internet (da vo cch c b tr ca n trong s mng my tnh) v
nh mt lin tng v phc tp ca cc c s h tng cha trong n. m
hnh in ton ny, mi kh nng lin quan n cng ngh thng tin u c
cung cp di dng cc "dch v", cho php ngi s dng truy cp cc dch v
cng ngh t mt nh cung cp no "trong m my" m khng cn phi c
cc kin thc, kinh nghim v cng ngh , cng nh khng cn quan tm n
cc c s h tng phc v cng ngh [9,12].

Hnh 1.1. M hnh in ton m my

 14

1.1.2. c im ca in ton m my
Nhng u im v th mnh di y gp phn gip "in ton m
my" tr thnh m hnh in ton c p dng rng ri trn ton th gii:

- Tc x ly nhanh , cung cp cho ngi dung nhng di ch v nhanh

chng v gi thnh r da trn nn tang c s ha tng tp trung (am
my).
- Chi phi u t ban u v c s ha tng , my mc v ngun nhn lc
ca ngi s dng in ton m my c gim n mc thp nht.
- Khng con phu thuc vao thit bi va vi tri i a ly , cho phe p ngi dung
truy cp va s dung h thng thng qua tri nh duyt web bt ky u va
trn bt ky thit bi nao ma ho s dung (chng han la PC hoc la in
thoi di ng).
- Chia se tai nguyn va chi phi trn mt i a ban rng ln, mang lai cac
li i ch cho ngi dung.
- Vi tin cy cao , khng chi danh cho ngi dung ph thng , in
ton m my cn phu hp vi cc yu cu cao v lin tc ca cc cng
ty kinh doanh va cac nghin cu khoa hoc.
Tuy nhin, mt vai di ch vu ln cua in toan am my i khi ri vao
trng thi qu ti , khin hoat ng bi ngng tr . Khi ri vao trang thai
ny, ngi dung khng co kha nng x ly cac s c ma phai nh vao
cc chuyn gia t am my tin hanh x ly .
- Kh nng m rng c , gip ci thin cht lng cc dch v c
cung cp trn am my.
- Kh nng bo mt c ci thin do s tp trung v d liu.
- Cc ng dng ca in ton m my d dng sa cha v c i
thin v tnh nng bi le chung khng c ci t c i nh trn mt
my tnh no.
- Ti nguyn s dng ca in ton m my lun c qun l v
thng k trn tng khach hang va ng dng, theo tng ngay , tng
 15

tun, tng thang . iu nay am bao cho vic i nh lng gia ca cua
mi di ch vu do in toan am my cung cp ngi dung co th la
chn phu hp.

Nh vy, c th thy in ton m my c nhng u im vt tri qua

ng vai tr quan trng v rt hu ch trong th gii hin nay.

1.1.3. Kin trc ca in ton m my

Hnh 1.2. M t kin trc ca in ton m my

in ton m my bao gm 6 thnh phn c bn:

- C s h tng (Infrastructure)
- Lu tr m my (Cloud Storage)
- Nn tng m my (Cloud Platform)
- ng dng (Application)
- Dch v (Services)
- Khch hng (Client)
 16

Cc m hnh trin khai in ton m my:

- m my cng cng (Public cloud)
- m my ring ( Private cloud)
- m my cng ng (Community cloud)
- m my lai (Hybird cloud)

Hnh 1.3. Cc m hnh trin khai in ton m my

1.2. Cc nh cung cp dch v in ton m my

Cc nh cung cp dch v in ton m my cung cp cc dch v ca h

theo ba m hnh c bn: C s h tng nh mt dch v (IaaS - Infrastructure as
a Service), nn tng nh mt dch v (PaaS - Platform as a Service) v phn
mm nh mt dch v (SaaS - Software as a Service).

Hnh 1.4. Cc m hnh dch v ca in ton m my

 17

- IaaS: Cho php bn truy cp n phn cng h thng mng my tnh.

Cung cp nhiu ngun ti nguyn nh l firewalls, load balancers, cc a ch IP
nhng h iu hnh v cc ng dng s do bn ci t v cp nht. iu ny
gip bn linh hot hn trong vic s dng ti nguyn vo mc ch g.
IaaS xut hin rng ri bi cc nh cung cp Amazon, Memset, Google,
Windows... Mt cch gip qun l IaaS d dng hn l pht trin cc templates
cho cc dch v m my nhm to ra 1 bn k hoch chi tit xy dng h
thng ready-to-use v trnh tnh trng di chuyn gia cc m my khc nhau.

Vi loi m hnh ny hin nay c cc nh cung cp dch v ln nh l

Amazon Web services v Microsoft Azure... Amazon Web service hin ang l
nh cung cp dch v cloud IaaS giu tim nng nht, tuy nhin hin nay h
ang phi cnh tranh v th phn vi 2 ng ln cng ngh l Microsoft v
Google.

Amazon Web Services l tp hp cc dch v cung cp cho ngi lp

trnh c kh nng truy cp ti h tng kin trc tnh ton kiu sn sng--s
dng (ready-to-use) ca Amazon. Cc my tnh c nn tng vng chc c
xy dng v tinh ch qua nhiu nm ca Amazon by gi l c th cho php bt
c ai cng c quyn cp ti Internet. Amazon cung cp mt s dch v Web
nhng trong lot bi vit ny ch tp trung vo cc dch v khi hp nht
(building-block) c bn, ci m p ng c mt s yu cu ct li ca hu ht
cc h thng nh: Lu tr, tnh ton, truyn thng ip v tp d liu.
Bn c th xy dng cc ng dng phc tp v gm nhiu phn khc nhau bng
cch s dng cc chc nng phn tng vi cc dch v ng tin cy, hiu qu
khi hp nht c cung cp bi Amazon.

Cc dch v Web m tn ti bn trong m my pha bn ngoi mi

trng ca bn v c kh nng thc hin l rt cao. Bn s tr ch da trn
nhng ci bn s dng m khng cn phi tr trc cc chi ph v vn u t
ban u. Bn khng cn phi mt chi ph cho bo tr bi v phn cng c duy
tr v phc v bi Amazon.
 18

Trong ngnh dch v IaaS ny Microsoft Azure tht s l mt mt i th

nng k ca AWS. Vi th mnh v phn tch, lu tr c nhn v c bit l gii
quyt c cc thm ha nh phc hi d liu, khc phc li ng dng vi cc
gi dch v m rng ca h. Microsoft Azure l nn tng in ton m my m
v linh hot cho php bn nhanh chng xy dng, trin khai v qun l cc ng
dng thng qua mng li ton cu ca trung tm d liu Microsoft.

Microsoft Azure lun m bo tnh sn sng v c thit k ti cn bng v

c kh nng t phc hi khi phn cng c s c. Bn c th s dng bt k ngn
ng, cng c hay nn tng no xy dng cc ng dng. V bn c th tch
hp cc ng dng trn m my cng cng ca bn vi mi trng IT c sn.

- SaaS: Cho bn truy cp n cc phn mm trn nn tng m my m

khng cn qun l c s h tng v nn tng n ang chy ph hp khi bn
mun tp trung vo ngi dng cui. iu ny c ngha l n d dng truy cp
v c kh nng m rng. C rt nhiu v d v SaaS gm email, phn mm vn
phng v cc cng c kim ton t Google, Microsoft, Freshbooks Cc as a
service khc.

Khi m t v in ton m my, ngi ta hay thm vo as a service

pha sau nh ngha n l 1 h thng mng ton cu hn l ngi trn my tnh
trong vn phng. T Storage as a service (StaaS), Data as a service (DaaS)
n Security as a service (SECaaS), c rt nhiu bin th t 3 dng gc
ni trn.

Salesforce.com v insightly l hai nh cung cp dch v in ton m

m my SaaS ln hin nay. Salesforce mt nh cung cp gii php SaaS CRM
vi cc Gartner nu r rng cng ty ang chim lnh th trng ny. Insightly
cung cp SaaS CRM tch hp vi Gmail v Google Apps ca Google, cng nh
Outlook 2013 v Office 365. Vi cc ng dng dch v ca Insightly gip khch
hng theo di v nghin cu c cc khch hng tim nng ca h. Tt c cc
ng dng c th truy cp t iOS va Android.
 19

- PaaS: H tr ngi s dng in ton m my bng cc h iu hnh,

c s d liu, my ch web v mi trng thc thi lp trnh. Hn na, n cho
php bn tp trung vo cc ng dng c th, cho php cc nh cung cp m
my qun l v o c ti nguyn 1 cch t ng.

Vy PaaS c th cho php bn tp trung hn vo ng dng v dch v u

cui hn l ph thi gian cho h iu hnh. Cc nh cung cp IaaS cng cung
cp PaaS, gip bn gim ti cng vic. Vi loi hnh cng ngh loi ny c 2
nh u t pht trin ni bt l Red Hat OpenShift Phn mm chy dch v l m
ngun m v c sn trn GitHub vi tn OpenShift Origin. Ngi pht trin
phn mm c th s dng Git trin khai ng dng bng cc ngn ng khc
nhau trn nn tng.

c bit, OpenShift cng h tr cc ng dng web dng phn mm m

nh phn, min l n c th chy trn RHEL Linux. iu ny lm tng tnh tuy
bin ca h thng, h tr nhiu ngn ng v frameworks. OpenShift bo tr dch
v bn di ng dng v thng k ng dng nu cn thit.

Cc dch v m my ph bin nh: EC2 ca Amazon, Azure ca

Microsoft, IBM cung cp Smart Cloud Enterprise, Google cung cp App
Engine, Redhat cung cp Redhats Openshift, Vmware c Cloud Foundry, Vin
Cng nghip Phn mm v Ni dung s Vit Nam c iDragon Clouds... Trong
Google Cloud, Redhats Openshift, Vmware Cloud Foundry v NISCI
iDragon Clouds l nhng PaaS m ngun m, cho php thc thi trn mt nn h
tng vi chi ph thp v d dng thay th.

Theo nhiu chuyn gia nh gi, s ngi s dng m my cng cng s

ln n 1 t trc nm 2020. Ngi ta cho rng, nm 2012 trn th gii c
khong 1 t ngi ang s dng theo cc truyn thng nh Microsoft Office,
OpenOffice or LibreOffice, Microsoft Exchange or Sharepoint, IBM Lotus
Notes th n nm 2020 tt c mi ngi s chuyn sang m my cng cng.
 20

Vi cng ngh lu tr m my chng ta c th x l d liu di dng

cu trc v phi cu trc, ti liu n hnh nh t nhiu ngun khc nhau. y
ta xt 3 nh cung cp dch v lu tr d liu m my ln l Google drive,
dropbox v box. C th:

Hnh 1.5. Mt s biu tng nh cung cp dch v m my

- Google Drive: Dch v lu tr ca google cung cp mt khng gian lu

tr trn nn tng cloud. Min ph lu lng ln n 15GB cho php ngi dng
lu tr nhiu dng d liu nh vn bn, video, m thanh, PDF trn nn tng
m my. Google Drive vi kh nng h tr Google Docs v Google+ cao cp
gip ngi dng d dng truy cp v chnh sa ti liu bt c u hay chia s
tp tin chung vi bn b. Vi Google Drive, bn c th truy cp n ti liu ca
mnh bt c u v bt c thit b iPhone, iPad, SmartPhone Android, Laptop
hay my bn.

- Dropbox: Dch v lu tr d liu trc tuyn min ph cho php bn mang

theo tt c ti liu, nh v video ti bt c ni no. iu ny c ngha l tp tin bn
lu vo Dropbox s t ng lu vo my tnh, in thoi ca bn v c trn
website Dropbox.

ng dng ny cng gip bn d dng chia s ti liu cho nhiu ngi. Thm
ch trong trng hp cng my tnh b hng, d liu trn in thoi mt hon ton
th bn vn c th yn tm v c mt bn sao lu ni dung trn Dropbox.
 21

- Box: Dch v sao lu, lu tr d liu trc tuyn vi kh nng ng b

theo thi gian thc v t ng thc hin sao lu, h tr min ph c th ln n
10GB dung lng lu tr trc tuyn trn my ch ca h.

phn bit vi cc nh cung cp khc, Box cho bit quy trnh lm vic,
mt cng c t ng ha vic nh tuyn cc ti liu v tp tin cng nh cc
hnh ng ca ngi cn phi thc hin trn chng. Cc tp tin d liu trn Box
cho php ngi dng c th chia s v lm vic cng nhau trn cng mt tp tin.

1.3. Phng php bo v d liu lu tr trn m my

1.3.1. Mt s vn thc t v an ton d liu trong lu tr trn m my

hin nay

Cng ngh in ton m my ang c s dng ngy cng ph bin

rng ri nh nhng vai tr hp dn, tnh tin ch ca dch v mang li cho
ngi dng. Tuy nhin vi thc t nhu cu s dng qu ln, yu cu ca mi
i tng s dng ngy cng a dng, lng d liu cn lu tr tng chng
mt, nhng d liu mt quan trng ca c nhn hay t chc cng c lu tr
trn m my. Nu nhng d liu b mt mt hay sao chp th hu qu s v
cng nghim trng khng th c tnh c. iu ny t ra cho nh cung cp
dch v bi ton lm sao m bo tnh an ton v bo mt d liu v c
c s tin tng ca ngi dung. c nhng gii php c a ra v thc
tin trong thi gian qua gii quyt c phn no vn bo v d liu trn
m my. Mt cu hi t ra: Liu d liu c lu tr trn m my c
c m bo tuyt i tnh an ton bo mt hay khng?

Thch thc ln nht trong vic trin khai thnh cng gii php da
trn cng ngh in ton m my chnh l m bo v vn an ninh cho
h thng. Khi cc ng dng c ci t v chy trn ti nguyn ca my
o, hay khi d liu quan trng ca ngi dung c di chuyn v lu tr
trn cc kho d liu m my, s c rt nhiu vn v an ninh v an ton
d liu xy ra [8].
 22

Theo mt thng k trn trang cnet.com, hng lot dch v lu tr d

liu trc tuyn vi hng triu ti khon ang hot ng c th b khai
thc v hacker truy cp vo d liu c nhn ca ngi dng mt cch bt
hp php. Dch v Dropbox b hacker tn cng v ly cp thng tin ng
nhp ca hn 7 triu ti khon ngi dng, cc thng tin nhy cm ca mt
s ti khon b yu cu np tin chuc qua Bitcoin. Cng vi l s e
do cc d liu c nhn nh: nh, video, ti liutrn cc ti khon
Dropbox ca ngi dng c th b cng khai trn mng [10].

Thng 5/2014, mt cng ty v cng ngh Intralinks pht hin ra l

hng bo mt trn dch v lu tr d liu ca Box v Dropbox cho php d
liu c nhn c c bi cc bn th ba hoc c index bi cng c
tm kim. Intralinks pht hin ra rng nu ngi dng chia s file qua cc
lin kt URL v cc URL ny c dn vo hp tm kim ca trnh duyt
thay v thanh URL, cc lin kt c th sau c lp ch mc ca cng c
tm kim v c th c c bi cc bn th ba. T h cng khuyn co
ngi dng nn s dng mt dch v m ha bn th 3 bo v cc d
liu trn dch v lu tr m my.

Mt dch v lu tr m my khc cng rt ph bin l GDrive ca

Google, cc ti khon Gmail u c cung cp kho lu tr vi dung
lng 10GB trn GDrive. Thng 7/2014, dch v GDrive cng b thng bo
c l hng v bo mt lin quan ti vic chia s cc lin kt trn GDrive
ging nh ca Dropbox [5,10].

Theo Lucas Mearian, trong bi phn tch ca mnh v vn bo mt

trn cc dch v lu tr m my, tc gi a ra cc dn chng cho thy
d liu ca ngi dung c nguy c rt cao b xm nhp bt hp php.
Trong nm 2012, Google nhn c hn 21000 yu cu t pha chnh ph
v vic cung cp thng tin ca hn 33000 ti khon ngi dng [7]. Cc
cng ty cng ngh khc nh Microsoft cng nhn c hn 70000 yu cu
v 122000 ti khon ngi dng trn h thng lu tr ca cng ty. Mt dn
 23

chng na cho thy d liu ring t ca ngi dng c th b truy cp, h

thng iMessage hay iCloud ca Apple cho php ngi dung lu tr d liu
c nhn v tin nhn, t ng b trn cc thit b nh Iphone, Ipad,
Macbook... Tuy nhin h thng ny l hon ton ng v khng phi m
ngun m, do cc nh nghin cu cng nh ngi dung cng khng th
bit c li cam oan ca nh cung cp dch v l chnh xc hay khng.

Theo [11], tt c cc nguy hi v hnh thc tn cng c p dng i

vi mng my tnh v d liu u c nh hng ln cc h thng da trn
dch v in ton m my, mt s mi e da thng gp nh: tn cng
MITM, phishing, nghe trm, sniffing... Ngoi ra cc cuc tn cng DDoS
(Distributed Denial of Service) cng l nguy c nh hng cho c s h
tng in ton m my, mc d khng c bt k ngoi l no gim
thiu ny. Do , s an ton ca my o s xc nh tnh ton vn v mc
an ninh ca h thng da trn in ton m my. Trn thc t lp lun
v dn chng, nhng gii php c a vo s dng cha m bo
c tuyt i tnh an ton, ton vn d liu lu tr trn m my. Da
trn cc nghin cu, Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) a ra nhng vn
c mc nguy hi cao nht trong in ton m my gm [7]:

- S dng bt hp php dch v: K tn cng s khai thc l hng

trn cc dch v public cloud pht tn m c ti ngi dng v
ly lan ra h thng my tnh, t khai thc sc mnh ca dch v
m my tn cng cc my tnh khc.
- API (Application Programming Interfaces) khng bo mt: y l
giao din lp trnh phn mm tng tc vi cc dch v cloud.
Khi cc hng th 3 s dng cc API thiu bo mt ny to cc
phn mm, ti khon v d liu ca ngi dng c th b nh
hng thng qua cc ng dng .
- Cc l hng trong chia s d liu: Do s dng cng mt nn tng
dch v trn cloud, nn vic r r thng tin c th pht sinh khi chia
 24

s thng tin t mt khch hng cho nhng ngi khc.

- Mt d liu: Mt d liu l mt vn ph bin trong in ton
m my. Nu nh cung cp dch v in ton m my buc phi
ng dch v ca mnh do mt s vn ti chnh hay php l, khi
tt c d liu ca ngi dng s b mt.
- Tn cng lung d liu: y l vn m nhng ngi s dng
dch v lu tr cloud cn lu ti, ch yu l cc thao tc m
hacker s dng tn cng nh MITM, spam, tn cng t chi
dch v, virus, malware
- Nhng nguy hi t bn trong: Cc mi e da ny bao gm gian
ln, ph hng d liu, nh cp hoc mt thng tin b mt do chnh
ngi trong cuc c tin tng gy ra. Nhng ngi ny c th
c kh nng xm nhp vo bn trong t chc v truy cp d liu
bt hp php nhm ph hoi, gy tn tht ti chnh, hiu sut cng
vic, thit hi thng hiu.

1.3.2. Cc bin php bo v d liu lu tr trn m my c s dng

hin nay

M ha d liu:
M ha d liu l cng ngh chuyn ha d liu ny thnh 1 dng d liu
mi m ngi dng khng th c c hoc hiu c n. Bng cch s dng
cc thut ton lng vo nhau, thng da trn 1 kha (key) m ha d liu.

Hu ht cc hnh thc m ha u yu cu bn thit lp mt khu, cho

php bn m ha tp tin v sau gii m n khi bn mun xem li. Nu bn s
dng mt khu yu, tin tc c th ph m ha v truy cp tp tin, lm tht bi
mc ch ca m ha.

Mt mt khu mnh nn c t 10-12 k t, nn l s kt hp ca ch hoa

v ch thng, s v k hiu. Nu bn thy mt khu ch cha ch ci s d nh
 25

hn th mt mt khu vn c th an ton nu n di hn ng k, v d nh gm
20 k t hoc nhiu hn.

M ha nhm m bo cc yu cu sau:

- Tnh b mt (Confidentiality): D liu khng b xem bi bn th ba.

- Tnh ton vn (Integrity): D liu khng b thay i trong qu trnh
truyn
- Tnh khng khc t (Non-repudiation): L c ch ngi thc hin
hnh ng khng th chi b vic mnh lm. C th kim chng
c ngun gc hoc ngi a tin

kh ca m kha c o bng thi gian v vt cht c yu cu

gii m. M ha/gii m c thc hin vi mt kha (key).

Key = Mt t, s, cu,...

Cng mt thng tin c m ha vi cc kha khc nhau s cho ra kt

qu m ha khc nhau. Tnh an ton ca thng tin ph thuc vo kh ca gii
thut v b mt ca kha.

H thng m ha (crytosytem) = Gii thut + kha + quy trnh.

Vy thut ton m ha bao gm nhng loi no, cch phn loi v c

im ca mi loi?

Thut ton m ha c th phn theo 2 cch l theo phng php v theo

kha.

Th nht, phn theo phng php bao gm: M ha c in, i xng,

bt i xng v m ha bm.

Trong :

- M ha c in thut ton s dng kha n gin d hiu. L phng

php m tng k t hay nhm k t c thay bng mt k t hay
 26

nhm k t khc. Bn nhn ch cn o li trnh t thay th trn th s

nhn dc bn ban u.
M ha c in c hai phng php ni bt l: M thay th v m ha
hon v. Cc h m ha thng c s dng l h m ha Ceasar,
Vigenere, Hill...
- M ha i xng hay m ha chia s kha l m hnh 2 chiu, tin
trnh m ha v gii m dng chung mt kha. Kha ny c chuyn
giao b mt gia hai i tng tham gia giao tip. M i xng thc
hin nhanh nhng c th gp ri ro nu b nh cp.
Mt s thut ton m ha i xng ni ting nh DES, AES, RC4,
RC2, RC 5, RC6... Ngoi ra cn mt s thut ton nh: Skipjact,
Blowfish, CATS-128
- M ha bt i xng l m hnh m ha hai chiu s dng mt cp
kha l kha chung (Public Key) v kha ring (Prtvate key). Trong
kha chung c cng b rng ri. Ngi nhn thng tin s dng kha
Private Key gii m. Kha Private Key ch do mt ngi d nn do
cc phng php m ha bt i xng m bo tnh b mt hn.
Thut ton m ha bt i xng ni ting v c s dng nhiu nht
RSA. Ngoi ra cn c mt s thut khc nh: Hellman, Elgamal...
- M ha hm bm: L cch thc m ha mt chiu tin hnh bin i
r b r thnh bn m khng bao gi gii m c. Trong x l hm
bm, d liu u vo c th khc nhau v di nhng di ca c
l bm lun xc nh.
Mt s thut ton m ha hm bm thng dung nh: MD4, MD5,
SHA...

Th hai, vi cch chia theo kha, m ha c chia lm 2 loi l kha

cng khai v kha b mt.

- Kha cng khai: Cc thut ton s dng m ha v kha gii m hon

ton khc nhau. Hn na kha ha gii khng th tnh ton c t
 27

kha m ha. Mt ngi bt k c th s dng kha cng khai m

ha thng tin nhng ch c ngi nhn thng tin c kha gii m ph
hp vi kha m ha gii m thng tin .
- Kha b mt: l thut ton m ti kha gii m c th c tnh ton
t kha m ha. Trong rt nhiu trng hp kha m ha v kha gii
m ging nhau. Thut ton ny yu cu ngi gi v nhn tha thun
mt kha trc khi thng tin c gi i v kha ny c gi b mt.
an ton ca thut ton ny ph thuc nhiu vo b mt ca kha,
nu l kha th bt k ngi no cng c th d dng m ha v gii
m thng tin.

C th thy hin nay, m ha d liu trc khi a ln lu tr trn cloud

hay bo mt truy cp phn quyn ang c s dng ph bin nng cao tnh
an ton bo mt.

Hu ht cc admin cho rng, d liu khi lu tr trn m my hay truyn

i trn knh u cn c m ha. Vic m ha d liu trn knh truyn gi y
gn nh khng cn l vn phc tp na, bi cc nh cung cp dch v thng
h tr giao thc HTTPS truyn d liu. Vn cn li l m ha d liu khi
lu tr trn m my. gii quyt iu ny c th s dng nhiu cng ngh
khc nhau. Mt trong s l LUKS (The Linux Unified Key Setup,
http://code.google.com/p/cryptsetup). LUKS c trin khai trong dm-crypt, s
dng trong Linux m ha cc a logic. LUKS cng h tr s lp kha
TKS1 (Template Key Setup 1). TKS1 cho php thay i kha m khng cn
phi m ha li a, c th s dng nhiu kha, c th chia s b mt bng cch
yu cu nhp hai kha.

Trong Windows, cng ngh ny c trin khai ti FreeOTFE

(http://freeotfe.org). FreeOTFE tng thch vi cc a c m ha trong
Linux (bi cryptoloop hay dm- crypt) v h tr xc thc hai yu t bng th
thng minh (smart card) v HSM (Hardware Security Module) theo chun
 28

PKCS#11. Ngoi ra, cc phin bn Windows gn y (k t Windows Vista)

u tch hp cng c m ha a BitLocker. Trc , EFS (Encrypted File
System) cho php m ha tng tp tin hay th mc.

Thc ra, khng nht thit phi m ha ton b a. Trong trng hp d

liu c lu trong cc h qun tr c s d liu (DataBase Management
System-DBMS) th ch cn m ha cc bng cha d liu nhy cm. a phn
cc DBMS ngy nay u cung cp nhng c ch bo v ng tin cy. V d,
MySQL h tr n 15 hm mt m v nn d liu.

Gii php m ha d liu c a vo s dng v pht trin mnh.

Da vo thc t lp lun dn chng, c th a ra nhng im u v nhc ca
phng php ny nh sau:

u im:

Vi bi ton bo v an ton d liu lu tr trn m my t ra, gii php

m ha d liu c nhng mt tch cc, gii quyt c nhng vn sau:

- Cc h m ha che du c ni dung ca vn bn r m bo cho

ch ngi ch hp php ca thng tin mi c quyn truy cp thng tin,
hay ni cch khc l chng truy cp khng ng quyn hn. Khi tp tin
b tin tc nh cp, tin tc khng th c c d liu trong tp tin ,
iu hn ch c vic tin tc s dng tri php gy ra nhng hu
qu khng ng c.
- To cc yu t xc thc thng tin, m bo thng tin lu hnh trn h
thng n ngi nhn hp php xc thc.
- T chc cc s ch k in t, m bo khng c hin tng gi
mo gi thng tin trn mng.

Nhc im:

Khng th ph nhn nhng im tt im mnh ca vic m ha d liu

trn m my. Tuy nhin, m ha khng th gii quyt ht c vn bo mt,
 29

bi nguyn nhn ca r r thng tin bao gm c vic tn ti cc l hng nh XSS

hay SQL injection, cng nh l vic s dng mt khu khu qu ngn hoc d
on... Bn thn vic m ha khng ngn chn c vic thng tin b nh cp,
vic mt mt khu s dn ti mt gi d liu, vic ny dn n vic khng m
bo c tnh an ton, ton vn v mt d phng d liu. Bn cnh cng phi
nhn mnh rng, a phn cc cng ngh qun l kha m c s dng rng ri
hin nay u tim n nhng ri ro. Cha c cu tr li hon ho cho cc cu hi
nh lu tr kha u, phi bo v kha ra sao, nhp kha nh th no.
Nu s lng my o trong h thng l ln th bn thn h thng mt m c th
l ngun cn ca vn . l v cn c s phn quyn xem ai c truy cp ti
i tng no v tng ng vi n l vic phn phi kha.

nh gi mt h m ha ta cn xt n an ton ca thut ton, tc

m ha, gii m v vic phn phi kha. C th thy thut ton no cng c
th b ph v. Cc thut ton khc nhau cung cp mc an ton khc nhau,
ph thuc vo phc tp ph v chng. y ti mun nhc n mc
phc tp ca h m ha c s dng thp th ri ro gi tin b ph s cao. Bn
cnh , tc x l m ha, gii m gi d liu nhanh hay chm cng ph
thuc vo h m ha c tt khng. Vic bo mt truy cp, dng mt khu chia
quyn cho ngi s hu v ngi c quyn s dng. y tuy theo ngi s
hu c cch chia quyn khc nhau (v d chia quyn cho ngi s dng ny ch
c c d liu m khng c chnh sa...), ngi dung hon ton tin tng
vo nh cung cp. ng ngha vi vic khng th m bo tnh an ton bo mt
d liu do nhng nguyn nhn ch quan hoc khch quan xut pht t nh cung
cp dch v m bn ang tin tng.

Vy vn cp thit t ra l tm ra gii php ti u lm th no gii

quyt c vn an ton bo mt d liu lu tr trn m my, khc phc
nhng hn ch ca gii php m ha d liu p dng trc m vn m
bo c hiu qu s dng cho ngi dng.
 30

1.4. Kt lun
Trong chng 1 ca lun vn h thng nhng l thuyt c bn v in
ton m my, vn lu tr d liu trn m my, bao gm khi nim, vai tr,
kin trc, m hnh dch v, m hnh trin khai in ton m my, nhng nh
cung cp dch v in ton m my.
Chng ny cng a ra lun im nhng vn cn tn ti, nhng lp
lun v dn chng v s thiu an ton mt mt d liu. Trnh by nhng vn
c mc nguy hi cao nht trong in ton m my. Trnh by chi tit
v phn tch u nhc im ca gii php m ha d liu, bo mt truy cp
nhn quyn. Vic bo v an ton v ton vn cho d liu lu tr trn m my
rt quan trng tuy nhin vi nhng con s thng k thit hi v mc nguy hi
cho thy tnh cp thit, ngha thc t ca vic tm ra phng php nng cao
an ton bo mt d liu lu tr trn m my.

Vy vn t ra y l phng php no nng cao tin cy cho

h thng, mc tin cy ca h thng c nh gi qua nhng tiu ch
no, lm th no xc nh tin cy ca h thng? Cu tr li c lm
r trong chng tip theo chng 2 ca lun vn.
 31

Chng 2. PHNG PHP D PHNG CU TRC NNG CAO

TIN CY CHO H THNG LU TR D LIU

2.1. Tng quan v phng php nng cao tin cy h thng

2.1.1. Mt s khi nim

H thng l mt tp hp gm nhiu phn t tng tc, c cc mi quan h

rng buc ln nhau, tng h nhau v cng thc hin hng ti mt mc tiu
nht nh [3].

Phn t l mt i tng c tin cy c lp, mt b phn to thnh h

thng m trong qu trnh nghin cu tin cy n c xem nh l mt n v
khng chia nh hn na trong h thng [3].

tin cy ca phn t hoc h thng l xc sut trong sut khong thi

gian kho st t, phn t hoc h thng vn hnh an ton [3].

Gi s gi P(t) l tin cy ca phn t, c nh ngha nh biu thc

sau:

P(t) = P{ t} (2.1)

Trong : l thi gian lin tc vn hnh an ton ca phn t.

Theo cng thc (2.1) phn t ch vn hnh an ton vi mt xc sut no

(0 P 1) trong sut khong thi gian t.

Khi bt u vn hnh ngha l thi im t = 0, phn t bao gi cng hot

ng tt nn P(0) = 1. Ngc li thi gian cng ko di, kh nng vn hnh an
ton ca phn t cng gim i v ti khi t th theo quy lut pht trin ca vt
cht trong tc ng bo mn ca thi gian, phn t s hng nn P() = 0. V
phn t b h hng l mt s kin ngu nhin xy ra cc thi im khc nhau
nn cc ch tiu tin cy cng thng tnh di dng xc sut.

Theo nh ngha xc sut [1] th xc sut khng an ton Q(t) hay cn gi l

xc sut hng ca h thng s l: Q(t) = 1 - P(t) (2.2)
 32

2.1.2. Phng php nh gi tin cy ca h thng qua cu trc h thng

Vy lm th no nh gi tin cy ca mt h thng?
Phn t b h hng l mt s kin ngu nhin xy ra cc thi im khc
nhau nn cc ch s v tin cy cng thng tnh di dng xc sut.
tin cy ca phn t gim dn theo thi gian, tng tin cy ca h
thng th phi thit k tng tin cy ca phn t.
tin cy hay xc sut vn hnh an ton ca h thng cu trc cc phn t
song song lun cao hn h thng cu trc cc phn t ni tip.
Cu trc ca mt h thng d phc tp n u th cng ch quy v 2 dng
l cu trc ni tip v cu trc song song. Phng php tnh tin cy ca h
thng qua cu trc ni tip v song song hay cn c bit n vi tn gi khc
l: phng php tnh tin cy ca h thng khng d phng v h thng c d
phng [3].
S khi tin cy [19] c th c xem xt mt cch c lp bi cc
thnh phn ca h thng c th c c tnh tin cy v kh nng sn sng
(hoc khng). Vic xy dng s khi tin cy c th kh khn i vi h
thng ln v phc tp.
S khi tin cy bao gm:
- Cc nt: Nt ngun, nt ti v cc nt trung gian.
- Cc nhnh: c v bng cc khi hnh ch nht m t trng thi tt ca
phn t. Phn t b hng tng ng vi vic xa khi ca phn t ra khi s
.
Nhnh v nt to thnh mng li ni lin nt pht v nt ti ca s . C
th c nhiu ng ni t nt pht n nt ti, mi ng gm nhiu nhnh ni
tip, v vy s ng i t nt pht n nt ti l rt ln i vi cc h thng
phc tp.
Theo s m t:
- Trng thi tt ca h thng l trng thi trong c t nht mt ng c
th i t nt pht n nt ti.
 33

- Trng thi hng ca h thng khi nt pht b tch ri vi nt ti do hng

hc ca phn t trung gian.
Vi h thng khng d phng (h thng cc phn t ni tip) v h thng
d phng (h thng cc phn t song song) c s khi tin cy v cng thc
tnh tin cy ring cho tng loi h thng.

C th:

H thng cc phn t ni tip:

H thng cc phn t ni tip [3] (h thng khng d phng) l h thng

trong s hng ca ton h thng xy ra khi v ch khi mt phn t b hng.
Cu trc n gin nht l cu trc khng c d phng ca mt h thng
c to nn bi n phn t, mi tr ngi ca mt phn t ring bit u dn n
tr ngi ca c h thng [13].
Xt s tin cy ca h thng gm n phn t ni tip nh hnh v:

N 1 2 3 n T

Hnh 2.1. S ca h cc phn t ni tip

Trong N l nt ngun (nt pht) v T l nt ti.

Pi(t) l xc sut khng hng hay hm tin cy ca phn t th i, thi im
xc nh t v Ps(t) ca h thng [3, 14, 17].

= 1 . 2 = (2.3)
=1

V 1 nn
; = 1, , (2.4)
Nh vy, tin cy ca h ni tip khng ln hn tin cy ca phn t
km tin cy nht trong h thng.
 34

H thng cc phn t song song

Trong h thng cc phn t song song [3, 14,15] (h thng c d phng),

s c ca mt phn t no khng nht nh l s dn n s c cho ton h
thng, h thng s gp s c khi tt c cc phn t gp s c. Hnh 2.2 th hin
s cc phn t song song n gin nht.
1

2
N T

Hnh 2.2. S h cc phn t song song

sonG
Xc sut s c Qs(t) ca ton h thng, h thng c s c khi ton b n
phn t b s c [17]:

= 1 . 2 = (2.5)
=1

Trong Qi(t) vi i = 1... n l xc sut s c ca phn t th i trong

khong thi gian t kho st
Gi thit tin cy tun theo quy lut hm s m:
= .
Th ta c xc sut s c ca ton h thng l [7]:

= 1 . 2.6
=1

tin cy ca h thng:

= 1 = 1 1 .
=1

= 1 1 1 1 2 1 (2.7)
 35

T cng thc tnh tin cy ca h thng (2.7) so snh vi cng thc (2.3)
trn ta thy r rng xc sut lm vic khng c s c ca h thng song song
lun cao hn xc sut lm vic khng c s c ca h thng ni tip.
Thi gian hot ng an ton trung bnh ca h thng l:
1
= 2.8

2.1.3. ngha

Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc k thut trong lnh vc

cng ngh, cc h thng tnh ton c to ra gip thay th hoc h tr con
ngi, mang li rt nhiu ng dng v li ch cho kinh t, cuc sng ton cu.
H thng c c trng bi mt s lng ln cc yu t thnh phn, c cu
trc phc tp vi cc chng trnh tnh ton, iu khin cc hot ng ca n.
y chnh l nhng h thng c tnh ng dng cao, tham gia vo trong tt c cc
lnh vc ca i sng, l ton b c s h tng ca x hi hin i.

Tuy nhin, nu khng m bo c tin cy th h thng coi nh

khng tn ti, m t thc t cho thy vic thao tc sai hay sai lm trong thit k
ch to thit b c th xy ra bt k lc no, iu ny dn n nhng nguy c
tim tng xy ra i vi mi h thng nh cu trc h thng b ph v, h thng
hot ng khng chnh xc... Nh vy, vic tm ra nhng phng php hiu qu
nhm nng cao tin cy ca h thng cn c ht sc ch trng v cn thit,
t khu thit k, a vo th nghim, sn xut v hot ng.

a ra cc phng php nhm nng cao tin cy ca cc h thng th

chng ta phi da trn cc thng s nh gi tin cy ca h thng. Cc
phng php nh gi tin cy ca h thng lin quan n cc vn v sn
xut, lp trnh, d ton, chi ph bo tr v cc chi ph ti thiu cu hnh h thng.
Khi bit c cc thng tin v tin cy ca h thng c th gip chng ta c
c k hoch bo tr, lp k hoch d phng nng cao tin cy ca h
thng trnh c cc li s c c th xy ra.
 36

2.2. Phng php d phng cu trc nng cao tin cy cho h thng lu
tr d liu

Phng php d phng nng cao tin cy h thng bng cch a ra cc

i tng d tha l ngun lc b sung v c hi cn thit ti thiu cc i
tng c th thc hin chc nng, nhim v ca mnh. Qua m bo h thng
vn hot ng bnh thng khi xut hin t chi ca h thng trong cc thnh
phn ca n. C nhiu phng php d phng: D phng cu trc, d phng
thng tin v d phng thi gian [2].

- D phng cu trc: Cn gi l d phng phn cng, cung cp cho vic

s dng qu mc cc thnh phn trong h thng; thnh phn chnh
trong yu cu ti thiu ty chn ca h thng c cung cp thm cc
yu t, thnh phn b sung, thit b hoc thay v c mt th h thng
c cung cp thm mt h thng khc ging nh nhau.
- D phng thng tin: l k thut s dng ph bin trong cc phn
t, h thng c cung cp s dng thng tin d tha. V d c bn
ca n l chuyn lp i lp li ca cng mt thng ip trn mt knh
truyn thng. Trang thit b k thut s m t iu chnh c p
dng, vic tm kim v sa li xut hin trong kt qu tht bi ca
thng ip v tht bi ca phn cng do trong trng hp ny hot
ng ca cc thit b bnh thng khng b hng.
- D phng thi gian: L phng php lm cho h thng hin thi s
dng thi gian h thng d phng, m rng lp phn cng, thit b t
ng v thng tin thit b o c s dng trong phn cng. Thi gian
d tr c th c s dng khng ch sa cha v chuyn i cung cp
phn cng m cn trn nhng tht bi dch v, loi b cc hu qu ca
tht bi bng cch lp li mt s cng vic v ch i x l nhng tht
bi h thng c th hot ng.

D phng ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic tng cng h thng

ng tin cy. D phng cho php mt h thng c hot ng ngay c khi mt
 37

s phn t v mi lin kt tht bi, do lm tng tin cy v tnh sn sng

ca n. Cc phn t d phng c th c phn loi l dng hot ng hoc
ch ch. Cc phn t d phng tch cc hot ng ng thi thc hin chc
nng tng t. Yu t trong d phng c thit k hot ng d phng hoc
c th c chuyn thnh dch v khi mt phn t hot ng khng thnh
cng. tin cy ca cc h thng tng ln cung vi s lng phn t d phng
(gi s rng cc cm bin v cc thit b chuyn tip ca cc phn t d phng
ang lm vic mt cch hon ho v cc thnh phn khng d phng c thay
th trc khi h thng b tht bi).

Trong thit k cc thnh phn ca h thng c th thy rng s dng cc

phn t d phng l cch nhanh nht ci thin tin cy ca h thng nu
khng c thi gian tm hiu v la chn thay th hoc nu mt phn h
thng c thit k. S dng cc gii php d phng c ch ph thp hn
nhiu so vi vic chi ph thit k li ci thin tin cy.

Mt trong nhng hnh thc thng c s dng d phng l ch ch

d phng, cc phng php d phng cu trc bao gm: h thng d phng cu
trc c ti (cn gi l d phng nng), h thng d phng cu trc khng ti
(cn gi l d phng lnh), h thng d phng cu trc nh ti (cn gi l h
thng d phng m) v h thng d phng bo v tch cc.

- H thng d phng c ti:

H thng d phng c ti [3, 27] l h thng d phng nng, trong
cc phn t c bn v phn t d phng chu ti nh nhau c trc v
sau khi chng bc vo trng thi lm vic.

Hnh 2.3. Cu trc h thng d phng c

ti (d phng nng).
 38

Khi mt phn t hng, phn t khc ang trng thi d phng c

a vo trng thi lm vic nh mt b chuyn tip. Gi thit rng b
chuyn tip hot ng tin cy tuyt i v khong thi gian chuyn
tip khng ng k. Mt phn t d phng bt u lm vic thay th
phn t b hng vn gi nguyn ch ti trng ca mnh. Do
tin cy ca n khng ph thuc vo thi im chuyn tip n t trng
thi d phng sang trng thi lm vic. H thng d phng c ti ch b
hng khi tt c cc phn t u b hng cho ti phn t cui cng.
- H thng d phng khng ti:
H thng d phng khng ti [3, 19] cn gi l h thng d phng
lnh, trong gm cc phn t d phng khng chu ti chng no
chng cha chuyn vo trng thi lm vic thay cho phn t b hng.

3
.
n

Hnh 2.4. Cu trc h thng d phng khng ti

(d phng ngui).

Gi s tha nhn phn t khng b hng khi n cn trng thi d

phng khng nh hng ti tin cy ca phn t trong trng thi lm
vic. V vy, ta tha nhn rng phn t khng b hng khi n cn
trng thi d phng v trng thi d phng khng nh hng ti tin
cy ca phn t trong trng thi lm vic.

- H thng d phng nh ti:

H thng d phng nh ti [3] cn gi l h thng d phng m trong
cc phn t ch chu mt phn ti trong khi n trng thi d
phng v bt u chu ti hon ton khi n bc vo trng thi lm
 39

vic thay cho phn t b hng. Trong trng thi d phng phn t c
th b hng tuy nhin vi xc sut ni chung nh hn trong trng thi
lm vic.

nng cao tin cy ca h thng th kt hp gia cc phng php d

phng cu trc hay cn gi l d phng phn cng v phng php nng cao
tin cy ca phn mm th h thng s hot ng s m bo c tin cy.
tin cy phn mm l mt phn quan trng trong cht lng phn mm. Tuy
nhin nng cao tin cy phn mm l kh khn, kh khn bt ngun t s hiu
bit v nm bt y nhng thng tin v tin cy phn mm ni chung v
c im ca tng phn mm ni ring.

2.3. Khi qut v c ch RAID v RAID i vi bi ton an ton d liu cho

h thng my tnh

RAID (vit tt ca Redundant Array of Independent Disks) l gii

php lu tr d liu s dng lot cc a cng vt l c ghp li vi
nhau thnh mt h thng c chc nng tng tc truy xut d liu hoc
b sung c ch sao lu, d phng d liu cho h thng. RAID cho php lu
tr d liu ging nhau nhng ni khc nhau trn nhiu a, do thao tc
c/ghi c th chng ln nhau mt cch cn bng, nhm ci thin hiu sut
v tng cng bo v.

RAID l h thng a c to ra nhm mc ch tng cng tc

truy cp d liu h thng lu tr, tng cng tin cy v mt d liu. Tc
chuyn ti d liu tng ln khi cc d liu c chia u cho cc a cng hot
ng ng thi.

RAID c nhng li th nh sau:

- Tnh d phng

- Tnh hiu qu cao

- Gi thnh thp
 40

RAID c tnh d phng l nhn t quan trng nht trong qu trnh pht
trin RAID cho mi trng my ch (c im khng c gii php m
ha). D phng cho php sao lu d liu b nh khi xy ra s c. Khi mt
cng trong dy b trc trc, n cho php hon i sang cng khc m
khng cn tt c h thng hoc c th s dng cng d phng. Phng
php d phng ph thuc vo phin bn RAID s dng. V c bn hiu
qu s tng cao r khi s dng cc phin bn RAID mnh. Hiu qu cng
ty thuc vo s lng cng c lin kt vi nhau v cc mch iu
khin.

RAID gi thnh thp vi mc tiu l cung cp b nh tt hn cho h

thng so vi vic s dng ring bit cc a c dung lng ln.

S dng phn l thuyt mc trn 2.1. Tng quan v cc phng

php nng cao tin cy h thng ta c th thy r c tm quan trng ca
yu t d phng i vi vic nng cao tin cy ca mt h thng bt k. Mt
khc, phng php nh gi tin cy ca h thng mang tnh kinh t rt cao,
n lin quan n cc vn v sn xut, lp trnh, d ton, chi ph bo tr v cc
chi ph ti thiu cu hnh h thng.

Nh vy, RAID c tnh d phng v RAID c gi thnh hp l, c

th s dng RAID vo vic gii quyt cc bi ton v tin cy, c th xt
kha cnh lun vn ny, RAID c nhng c im rt ph hp s dng
vo gii php nng cao an ton bo mt cho d liu c lu tr trn h
thng dch v m my.

2.3.1. Cc loi RAID

Ln u tin RAID c pht trin nm 1987 ti trng i hc

California Berkeley vi nhng c im ch ghp cc phn a cng nh hn
thng qua phn mm to ra mt h thng a dung lng ln hn thay th
cho cc cng dung lng ln gi thnh cao thi by gi.
 41

Mc d hin nay khng tn ti na nhng Hi ng t vn pht trin

RAID (RAID Advisory Board: Vit tt l RAB) ra thnh lp thng 7 nm
1992 nh hng, lp ra cc tiu chun, nh dng cho RAID. RAB phn
ra cc loi cp RAID (level), cc tiu chun phn cng s dng RAID. Cp
y khng c hiu rng c cp cao l cao cp hoc l "i sau", m
chng ch phn bit rng gia loi RAID ny v loi RAID khc.

RAID c rt nhiu chun nh RAID 0 (striping), RAID 1 (Mirror),

RAID 0+1, RAID 10, RAID 5(Parity), RAID 50 Vi cc dng mainboard
desktop cao cp v cc main server 1 way v 2 way c h tr RAID th thng
dng RAID 0, 1, 4, 5, RAID 0+1, RAID 10.

Cc loi Raid thng dng:

- RAID 0

+ RAID 0 s dng k thut striping: Phn chia khi d liu n v tri

chng qua cc cng, c th chia nhng file ghi trn a thnh nhiu mu
(ghi xen k) v ghi mi mu trn nhng cng khc nhau, lm tng hiu
qu thc thi. C th ghi c hai khi d liu trn cung cng, hn hn
so vi mt cng nh trc.

+ Thit b: Cn t nht 2 a cng vt l. Tng qut: n a (n >= 2) a

cng cng loi.

+ Hot ng: D liu s chia lm nhiu phn bng nhau v c lu tr

trn tng a cng. Mi a s cha 1/n d liu.

+ u im: Dung lng tng n ln a n vt l. Tng tc c ghi

d liu. Mi a ch cn c/ghi 1/n d liu c yu cu. Theo l thuyt
tc s tng n ln.

+ Khuyt im: Tnh an ton d liu thp, ri ro cao. Nu 1 trong bt k

a n vt l b h th d liu cn li cc a vt l khc cng khng
cn s dng c na. Xc sut mt d liu s tng n ln so vi dng
a n.
 42

+ ng dng ngh: Chnh sa v sn xut phim, chnh sa hnh nh v

mt vi ng dng khc i hi bng thng c/ghi cao.

Hnh 2.5. RAID 0

- RAID 1

+ Thit b: Nh RAID 0

+ Hot ng: (n=2) D liu c ghi vo 2 ging ht nhau (mirroring).

Trong trng hp mt cng n b trc trc, cng n cn li cn li
s tip tc hot ng bnh thng. Bn c th thay th a cng n b
hng m khng phi lo lng n vn thng tin tht lc.

+ u im: Tc c/ghi v dung lng lu tr bng cng n. m

bo an ton d liu. RAID 1 l chun RAID khng th thiu i vi ngi
qun tr mng hoc nhng ai phi qun l nhiu thng tin quan trng.
+ Khuyt im: Khng phi l la chn cho ngi say m tc . Hiu
nng khng phi l yu t hng u. Khng gia tng dung lng lu tr.
+ ng dng ngh: ng dng v ti chnh v cc ng dng dnh cho vn
phng.

Hnh 2.6. RAID 1

 43

- RAID 0+1

H thng dung RAID 0 v RAID 1 cung mt lc. N cn 04 cng ging

ht nhau. Nu mt cng hng th h thng tr thnh RAID 0.

- RAID 2, RAID 3

Cc chun ny ging nh RAID 1 nhng n dung thm mt a ghi

nhn v sa cc li trong vic phn b d liu cc a (Error checking
and correction), gip nng cao hn tin cy ca h thng.

- RAID 4, RAID 5

Cng ging nh RAID 2, 3 nhng thng tin v li phn b trn c chia u

trn cc a thnh vin ca cc dy. iu ny s lm tit kim thi gian truy
cp cc a hn so vi hai chun RAID 2, 4.

- RAID 5

+ Thit b: Cn t nht 3 a cng vt l ring bit.

+ Hot ng: D liu v bn sao lu c lu tr trn tt c cc a

cng vt l. Nguyn tc ny kh phc tp. Vi n = 3 (Xem hnh minh ha
bn di). V d: Ta c 8 on d liu (6 Block) tng ng: Block 1,
Block 2, Block 3, Block 4, Block 5, Block 6. Block 1 v Block 2 s c
lu vo a cng vt l (1, 2) v bn sau lu d liu ca chng c ghi
vo a cng vt l 3. Block 3 v Block 4 s c lu vo a cng vt
l (1, 3) v bn sau lu d liu ca chng c ghi vo a cng vt l 2.
Block 5 v Block 6 s c lu vo a cng vt l (2, 3) v bn sau lu
d liu ca chng c ghi vo a cng vt l 1.

+ u im: Tc c ci thin v tnh an ton d liu c m bo.

Thay th 1 a cng b h d dng. Dung lng lu tr bng n 1. Tc
l nu bn s dng 3 a vt l 500GB th dung lng cui cung c
s dng l 1TB.
 44

+ Khuyt im: H 2 trong 3 th xin chia bun cng bn. Mc du iu

kh xy ra nhng khng phi l khng xy ra. Chng hn: ngun b
sc in.

+ ng dng ngh: ng dng v ti chnh v cc ng dng dnh cho

vn phng.

Hnh 2.7. RAID 5

- RAID 6

+ Thit b: Cn t nht 4 a cng vt l ring bit.

+ Hot ng: RAID 6 c pht trin t RAID 5. C ch hot ng phn

no ging RAID 5 nhng lp li nhiu hn s ln phn tch d liu.
+ u im: Nh ta bit i vi RAID 5 nu 2 trong 3 a vt l b h
th ta s mt trng d liu cn RAID 6 (2 trong 4 a vt l b h) th
vn m bo an ton d liu.

+ Khuyt im: Chi ph cao, cha ci thin nhiu v tc c/ghi.

+ ng dng ngh: Nh cung cp ni t website, my ch lu tr d
liu, database server

Hnh 2.8. RAID 6

 45

- RAID 10

+ Thit b: Cn t nht 4 a cng vt l ring bit.

+ Hot ng: L s kt hp RAID 0 + RAID 1. Tng hp cc u im

ca n anh. D liu c ghi ng thi ln 4 a cng vi 2 dng
Striping tng tc v 2 dng Mirroring sao lu.

+ u im: Tng tc c/ghi. Performance > RAID 5 v RAID 6. Tnh an

ton d liu cao hn RAID 0, RAID 1 v RAID 5. Cho php ti a 2 a
cng lc b hng 2 pair khc nhau.

+ Khuyt im: Chi ph u t cao.

+ ng dng ngh: Cc ng dng v Database, ng dng ti chnh v

cc ng dng i hi tnh an ton d liu v tc cao.

Hnh 2.9. RAID 10

Mi dng RAID u c u, nhc im ring. Ngoi vic ph thuc gii

hn ca tng loi thit b (v d: thit b h tr ti a 2 cng th khng th
chy RAID 5, 6, 10), vic la chn RAID no hon ton ph thuc vo kinh
nghim, i khi l s thch ca ngi qun tr. Bn cha bit phi chn RAID
no phu hp vi h thng ca mnh, c 3 tiu ch chnh bn cn quan tm:

- Tc : Bn c nhu cu tng tc truy xut d liu?

- an ton: H thng c php h bao nhiu a cng, m vn
chy bnh thng khng mt d liu?
 46

- Dung lng lu tr: Bn sn sng nh i bao nhiu dung lng

lu tr i ly s an ton cho d liu?
RAID h tr cc h thng vi nhiu tin ch khc nhau ty vo phin bn
c p dng. a s khch hng s dng s la chn RAID 0 tng tc
thc thi m khng lm gim khng gian b nh. Ch yu l do d tha cha
phi l vn chnh cho ngi s dng trung bnh. Tht ra, hu ht cc h thng
my tnh ch cung cp RAID 0 hay RAID 1. Chi ph thc hin RAID 0+1 hay
RAID 5 l qu t i vi nhng khch hng trung bnh v ch c p dng
cho cc trm lm vic hay cc h thng my ch cp cao.

2.3.2. nh gi tin cy ca cc h thng RAID

Mi cp RAID c mu khc nhau dn n s khc nhau v hiu sut

v kh nng d phng ca tng h thng RAID.

RAID c th nng cao c tnh tin cy, tc truy cp v dung lng

h thng v RAID s dng 2 quy trnh ch to l k thut to lt a v k
thut soi gng a. K thut to lt a iu khin RAID cung cp kh nng
ghi v c song song cc khi ca cng mt n v d liu nh vy tng c
tc c ghi. Cc d liu cn ghi c chia thnh cc khi cung kch thc
v c ghi ng thi vo cc a c lp. Tng t, qu trnh c, cc khi
d liu cn c c c ng thi t cc a cng c lp, gip gim c
thi gian c. K thut soi gng a gip t tin cy cao cho h thng lu
tr. Theo , d liu c chia thnh cc khi v mi khi c ghi ng thi
ln hai hay nhiu a c lp. Nh vy, ti mi thi im ta u c nhiu bn
sao d liu trn cc a cng c lp, m bo tnh an ton cao. V gip tng
dung lng bng cc a lp tham gia to RAID.

Vi RAID 10 c nhiu u im, cu hnh ph hp vi my ch CSDL,

n l s kt hp gia RAID 1 v 0, gia tc cao v tnh tin cy cao, v th
rt ph hp vi cc h thng my ch i hi tnh an ton cao, hiu nng ln
nh my ch CSDL.
 47

2.4. Trin khai RAID

RAID c th c trin khai 2 dng:

- RAID cng (Hardware RAID): Nu cc m phn mm c thc

thi trn b x l on-board l Hardwar RAID. Thng dng cho cc
my ch s dng mt thit b phn cng gi l RAID Controller
card iu khin c ch c/ghi d liu trn cc cng. Card
RAID ny hot ng nh mt my tnh chuyn dng v c tch
hp trn my ch, cung cp hiu sut hot ng cao, tuy nhin i
hi cc cng vt l phi c thng s nh nhau v cu hnh phc
tp.
- RAID mm (Software RAID): Nu cc m phn mm c thc
thi hoc trn b x l (CPU) my ch th l software RAID. Dng
cho cc my tnh yu cu nng cao hiu nng vi chi ph thp.
Loi RAID ny do h iu hnh iu khin nn hiu sut hot
ng khng cao, s dng chnh cc phn vng ca cc a vt l
trn h thng, cu hnh loi ny n gin hn.
c th RAID cho my, cn ti thiu mt card iu khin hay gi l
card RAID my ch v hai a cng ging nhau.
RAID mm
Vi RAID mm sau khi ci xong HH, tin hnh dung lun Windows
thit lp RAID - Windows based RAID. Nu s dng Linux th c sn mdadm
utility. Ngy nay, v ang c kh nhiu software RAID c vit trn nn
Linux, cc m ngun m v ngy cng chng t kh nng vt tri.

Cc software RAID da trn phn mm ch yu c s dng vi cc

my lu tr gia nh, cc my ch entry-level . im ch yu nhn din l n
thc hin tt c cc lnh I/O v cc thut ton ton hc RAID chuyn su trc
tip trn cc CPU ca my ch lu tr. Chnh iu ny lm chm hiu sut h
thng bng cch tng lu lng truy cp my ch qua PCI bus, s dng vo
 48

ngay lun ti nguyn ca h thng CPU, memory,... u im chnh ca software

RAID l gi thnh r hn (nhiu software RAID cho free lun) so vi cc la
chn thay th RAID khc nh hardware RAID c mc gi cao hn nhiu.

RAID cng
RAID cng l mt dng card add-in. Loi card RAID controller ny cm
vo mt khe cm bus ch PCI. Gim ti h thng my ch trong mt s hoc tt
c cc lnh I/O, dnh cc hot ng tnh ton RAID cho mt hoc nhiu b vi
x l th cp m n c.

Ngoi vic cung cp nhng li ch chu li ca mt RAID thng thng,

b iu khin RAID cng cn thc hin cc chc nng kt ni tng t nh b
iu khin trn my ch tiu chun. V cng bi nh n c ring cho mnh ti
nguyn (CPU, memory,...) nn chng thng cung cp hiu sut cao nht cho tt
c cc loi RAID, n cung cp tnh nng chu li mnh m hn a dng hn
RAID mm.

Hnh 2.10. V d v RAID cng

2.5. Kt lun

Trong chng hai ca lun vn trnh by 2 vn chnh:

- Trnh by v cc khi nim lin quan, phng php nh gi tin cy

ca h thng, lm r phng php d phng cu trc nng cao tin
 49

cy cho h thng lu tr d liu v ngha ca vic nng cao tin

cy cho h thng.
Phng php d phng ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic tng
cng h thng ng tin cy. Mt trong nhng hnh thc thng c
s dng d phng l ch ch d phng, ti trnh by cc phng
php d phng cu trc: H thng d phng cu trc c ti (cn gi l
d phng nng), h thng d phng cu trc khng ti (cn gi l d
phng lnh). tng ca phng php d phng ny ging nh
phng php d phng cu trc song song. nng cao tin cy ca
h thng ngoi cc phng php d phng cu trc hay cn gi l d
phng phn cng th chng ta cn kt hp s dng phng php nng
cao tin cy ca phn mm.
- Lm r v c ch RAID, c im ca tng loi RAID thng dng v
cch trin khai RAID. nh gi tin cy ca cc h thng RAID.

Nh vy, vi nhng kin thc c nu chng ny ta nhn thy r

tim nng ca RAID, c bit l tnh d phng, tnh sn sng ca d liu. Qua
qu trnh tm ti, nghin cu, phn tch v lp lun, ti a ra xut gii php
nng cao an ton bo mt d liu lu tr trn in ton m my s c trnh
by chi tit chng sau. Vi gii php ny, ta c th dng tuyt i nhng u
im ca gii php m ha d liu v ng dng c ch RAID vo kt hp
gii quyt nhng vn hn ch cn tn ng trong gii php m ha m my,
bo mt truy cp phn quyn.
 50

Chng 3. GII PHP NNG CAO AN TON BO MT D LIU

LU TR TRN M MY V NG DUNG VO THC T
DOANH NGHIP

3.1. Gii php

3.1.1. Gii php

Gii php a ra l c ch lu tr d liu trn cc dch v cloud, s

dng cc ti khon min ph ca cc nh cung cp dch v nh Box,
OneDrive, GDrive, Dropbox... y tn dng c kh nng linh ng
ca dch v lu tr m my, kt hp vi c ch lu tr c d phng an
ton ca RAID 0,1. Vi gii php ny m bo c s an ton cho d
liu lu tr trn m my, gii quyt c 2 vn chnh i vi bi ton
lu tr d liu l:

- Tnh bo mt: Cc mnh d liu c phn chia s l ring r v

c lp, ngay c khi ti khon b tn cng hay b xm nhp bt hp
php t chnh nh cung cp dch v, cng khng th xem d liu
nhy cm ca ngi dng. Ch khi c d liu, cc mnh ghp
s c ti v ng b v khi phc li trn my ca ngi dng.
- Tnh ton vn: D liu c lu tr phn b trn nhiu ti khon
khc nhau, khng ph thuc hon ton vo bt c nh cung cp dch
v lu tr cloud no, do kh nng chu li c th l ton b cc
ti khon ca mt nh cung cp dch v b mt hoc khng truy cp
c. Trong trng hp , d liu s vn c khi phc da trn
cc mnh c phn phi trn cc ti khon khc.

3.1.2. Xy dng quy trnh bi ton thc t doanh nghip:

Thc t thy rng, in ton m my c s dng rt nhiu, mang

li vai tr tin ch to ln i vi cc doanh nghip ln nh hin nay. Cng
vi s pht trin nng cp ca dch v in ton m my th cc doanh
nghip ln nh cng ang pht trin mnh m, nhu cu s dng dch v
 51

cng nhiu, nhng yu cu t ra ngy cng cao v tt yu l vic bo v

d liu lu tr, an ton h thng c cc nh cung cp dch v ht sc coi
trng. tin cy cao, ton vn l tin cho s pht trin bn vng ca
dch v m my.

Mt bi ton c t ra l: Mt doanh nghip A c lng c mt

khi lng thng tin d liu rt ln cn lu tr trn dch v m my l n
(Gb). Yu cu t ra l xy dng quy trnh c th gip doanh nghip A
c th lu tr d liu nhanh v hiu qu nht m vn m bo c tnh an
ton v tnh kinh t.

Xy dng quy trnh bi ton thc t doanh nghip

Quy trnh:

Xc nh khi lng d liu

Bc 1: cn lu tr

Xc nh s mnh d liu
Bc 2: c chia

Xc nh s lng ti khon
Bc 3: trn nh cung cp dch v.

Hnh 3.1. Quy trnh gii quyt bi ton lu tr d liu

- Bc 1: Xc nh khi lng d liu cn lu tr trn m

my n (Gb)
- Bc 2: Vi khong kch thc d liu c lng xc nh
 52

ra s bm ra bao nhiu mnh d liu lu tr cho hp l (t

l N mnh).
- Bc 3: Vi N mnh c bm ra, xc nh s c bao nhiu
ti khon accout trn nh cung cp dch v. D liu c
phn mnh, mi mnh s c a ln lu tr trn cc ti
khon khc nhau ca cc nh cung cp dch v.

Ngi dung y d liu ln m my lu tr th s c nhu cu

ly d liu v my s dng lc cn thit. Lc ny cc mnh d liu cn
dng s c gp li v ti v my ngi dng.

Vi cng ngh phn mnh, gp d liu ny, hin nay c nhiu phn
mm h tr tin dng, vi giao din n gin, thn thin, d s dng nh:
HJSplit v File Splitter & Joiner. C hai phn mm u dung ct nh mt
file c dung lng ln thnh nhiu file c dung lng nh hn, chng c chc
nng kim tra cc file trc khi tin hnh ghp chng li. Vi file splitter &
joiner, file splitter cho php chia mt file ln thnh nhiu phn nh gip d
dng gi i hay lu tr, trong khi file joiner cho php ni cc phn chia
vi nhau khi phc li tp tin ban u. HJSplit tng thch vi mi h iu
hnh Windows, Linux, Mac. Cn File Splitter & Joiner ch tng thch vi h
iu hnh Windows.

Trong phn 3.2 tip theo ca lun vn s ch r tng minh v c

ch lu tr d liu ca gii php gii quyt vn theo quy trnh nu trn.

3.2. C ch lu tr d liu
Gii php ny s dng cc ti khon trn cc nh cung cp dch v
cloud hin nay nh: Google drive, OneDrive, Dropbox, Box lu tr
d liu. Nhng ti khon min ph ny c th c to ra n gin vi a
ch email ca ngi dung. m bo tnh ton vn cho d liu khi lu
tr, s s dng ti thiu 3 nh cung cp dch v cloud v ti thiu n (n>=2)
 53

ti khon trn mi dch v, do s ti khon dung lu tr s l 3*n ti

khon [4].

D liu s c lu tr trong cc dch v m my bng cch lm theo

cc quy trnh sau: Phn chia d liu ca ngi dung v m ha mt phn chng
sau lu tr d liu vo cc ti khon khc nhau bng phng php tng t
nh m hnh RAID 10. V d: D liu c chia thnh 9 khi v c lu tr
trong 3 ti khon trn mi dch v m my.

Hnh 3.2. C ch lu tr d liu

Qu trnh lu tr d liu trn cc ti khon cloud c thc hin nh

sau: Vi mi tp tin ngi dng cn lu tr, s phn mnh thnh cc phn
v tin hnh lu tr cc phn trn cc ti khon ging nh c ch
RAID.

Ly v d mt tp tin c phn thnh 9 mnh v s dng 3 ti khon

cloud trn mi dch v (tng c 9 ti khon):

Hnh 3.3. Phn mnh d liu v lu tr trn cc kho d liu m my

 54

Trn Hnh 3.3, d liu tp tin c lu vo cc ti khon cloud theo quy tc:

Cc ti khon ca cng 1 nh cung cp dch v c t xen k

nhau, theo quy tc n*i+m (trong n l s ti khon trn cng 1
dch v, i l s lt, m l th t ti khon).

Trn mi ti khon s lu tr 2 mnh d liu k nhau theo th t

phn mnh.

Mnh u tin v cui cng s c lu trn cung 1 ti khon.

Vi cch phn chia cc mnh vo cc ti khon v th t sp xp cc ti

khon nh vy s c cc u im l:

Khi 1 ti khon bt k b mt hoc khng truy cp c, d liu c

th c ly t 2 ti khon ln cn.
Khi tt c cc ti khon ca cng mt nh cung cp dch v b mt
(trng hp ny him xy ra hn), d liu ca cc mnh vn khi
phc c t cc ti khon khc trn cc dch v khc.

Nu 2 ti khon lin tip trong danh sch b mt d liu (trng hp

ny c th xy ra), d liu khng khi phc c.

Nu 2 nh cung cp dch v cng ngng hot ng, d liu cng

khng khi phc li c.

Vn tip theo l qun l danh sch th t cc ti khon khi lu tr

v th t cc mnh d liu. Do th t cc ti khon ny c th khng c
nh tng tnh phc tp v kh on nu mun hack. Hin nay cc nh
cung cp dch v thng quy nh dung lng ti a cho mi ti khon v
kch thc ti a cho mi tp tin khi c ti ln. Dung lng ny c th
khc nhau tu tng nh cung cp dch v cloud: Dropbox l 2GB, Box l
5GB, OneDrive l 5GB, Google Drive l 15GB (gm c email, photos,
files), Mega l 50GB Kch thc tp tin ti a c th ti ln cng khc
nhau mi dch v, tuy nhin do cn cc yu t nh tc ng truyn
 55

Internet, h tng cng ngh, an ton cho d liu nn vi gii php ny

khuyn khch dung lng ti a cho tp tin ti ln l 200MB.

Do kch thc tp tin ti ln l khc nhau, tuy nhin m bo vn

an ton cho d liu khi lu tr trn cc ti khon cloud, s tin hnh
phn mnh d liu theo s lng ti khon hoc s lng dch v, m
bo ti u khi lu tr cc tp tin c dung lng nh. Sau khi phn mnh, s
thm vo cc mnh d liu ny phn header cha cc thng tin qun l
nh sau:

Hnh 3.4. Cu trc header ca cc phn

Trong :

Total package: Tng s mnh m tp tin ny c phn mnh

Order package: S th t ca mnh trong cu trc

Next storage: Lu m ca kho d liu cha mnh tip theo.

Filesize: Kch thc tp tin, dng kim tra khi ghp mnh li

Data: D liu ca mnh

Do c phn mnh v c lu tr phn tn trn cc ti khon ca

cc kho d liu khc nhau, nn d liu ca mi mnh trong trng hp b
truy cp tri php cng khng th hin c ni dung ca ton b ti liu.

3.3. M hnh bi ton da trn l thuyt xc sut v tin cy ca h

thng

Cho d liu vo l tp ca mt ngi dung c lu tr trong dch v

lu tr m my vi kch thc c th.
 56

M hi nh hoat ng:

Size DB N block

Rank size M (the number of

account/ service)

Hnh 3.5. M hnh hot ng

Trong :

- Size DB: Kch thc ca tp d liu vo.

- N block: S lng mnh c phn mnh t tp d liu vo.
- Rank size: Gii hn kch thc tp.
- M: S ti khon trn mi dch v.

Kch thc ca tp d liu vo l Size DB. S dng cc ti khon

khc nhau trn nh cung cp v mi nh cung cp c chnh sch ring v
gii hn kch thc tp, ta ly kch thc tp ti a cho mi khi d liu l
gii hn kch thc tp nh nht gia cc nh cung cp dch v.

D liu c chia thnh cc khi N v phn phi u cho s ti khon

trn mi dch v (M). Gi s M = N.

Gi P l tin cy ban u ca h thng ( ).

Gi s m t tp tin c phn thnh 9 mnh v s dng 3 ti khon

cloud trn mi dch v

1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 : L tin cy ca mi mnh . Khi

tin cy ca h thng l = .
(3.1)

y 1 , 2 , 3 l tin cy ca cc ti khon cng 1 nh cung cp

dch v. Tng t vi 1 , 2 , 3 l tin cy ca cc ti khon cng 1 nh
 57

cung cp dch v. 1 , 2 , 3 cng l tin cy ca cc ti khon cng 1 nh

cung cp dch v. Vi mi nh cung cp dch s c nhng chnh sch bo
mt ring, cc ti khon ca cng 1 nh cung cp dch v s c nhng chnh
sch bo mt ging nhau.

Vy nn ta gi s: 1 = 2 = 3 1 = 2 = 3

1 = 2 = 3

th tin cy ban u ca h thng l : = * * . (3.2)

- Trng hp 1: Mi tai khoan lu tr 2 mnh d liu.

Hnh 3.6. tin cy ca h thng trong trng hp 1

Trong trng hp ny, khi cc ti khon xen k b mt, d liu c th
c khi phc t cc ti khon xung quanh. Nu nh cung cp chm dt dch
v, d liu s c an ton nh cc ti khon ln cn. Kt hp din gii ny v
vn dng l thuyt xc sut thng k [1] ta xy dng nn cng thc tnh
tin cy ca h thng trong trng hp 1.
Nu (Ps1) l tin cy trong Trng hp 1, khi :
= * * + ( ) * * + * ( ) * + * * (
) + * * *( ) *( )*(1-) + * **( )*( )*(1-
) + ** *( ) *( ) *(1-). (3.3)
- Trng hp 2: Mi tai khoan lu tr 3 mnh d liu

Hnh 3.7. tin cy ca h thng trong trng hp 2

 58

Trong Trng hp 2, nu c 2 ti khon lin k b mt hoc khng th

tip cn c th c th ly d liu t cc ti khon ln cn. Nu mt nh cung
cp chm dt dch v, bn c th s dng d liu t cc ti khon ln cn. Kt
hp din gii ny v p dng l thuyt xc sut thng k [1] ta xy dng nn
cng thc tnh tin cy ca h thng trong trng hp ny.

Nu (Ps2) l tin cy trong Trng hp 2, khi :

= * * + ( ) * * + * ( ) * + * * (
) +( ) *( ) * + *( ) *( ) +( ) * *(
) . (3.4)

Khi mt nha cung cp gp s c:

Bng 1. Bng so snh tng tin cy ca trng hp 1

tin tin
PS PS1 PS2 cy tng cy tng
% (TH1) % (TH2)
0.9999 0.9999 0.8 0.511693 0.519688 0.519688 1.5625 1.5625
0.99999 0.99999 0.75 0.42185 0.437474 0.437474 3.703704 3.703704
0.99999 0.99999 0.74 0.4052 0.422775 0.422775 4.337354 4.337354
0.99999 0.99999 0.73 0.388994 0.408675 0.408675 5.059676 5.059676
0.99999 0.99999 0.72 0.373226 0.395176 0.395176 5.881344 5.881344
0.99999 0.99999 0.71 0.35789 0.382277 0.382277 6.814264 6.814264
0.99999 0.99999 0.7 0.342979 0.369978 0.369978 7.87172 7.87172
0.99999 0.99999 0.69 0.328489 0.358279 0.358279 9.068549 9.068549
0.99999 0.99999 0.68 0.314413 0.347179 0.347179 10.42133 10.42133

Vi trng hp ny ta a vo s liu gi s vi tin cy ca = =

0.9999 gn nh tuyt i v gi tr nh hn thay i nh dn lm r tng
 59

ca tin cy trc v sau khi s dng gii php trong trng hp mt nh

cung cp gp s c.

15.00

10.00
Ps1
5.00
Ps2
0.00
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9

Hnh 3.8. Biu hin th tng ca tin cy trng hp 1

Khi hai nha cung cp gp s c:

Bng 2. Bng so snh tng tin cy trng hp 2

tin tin
PS PS1 PS2 cy tng cy tng
% (TH1) % (TH2)
0.99999 0.699 0.79 0.168384 0.184992 0.185244 9.863302 10.01321
0.99999 0.698 0.78 0.161375 0.178067 0.17836 10.34332 10.52497
0.99999 0.697 0.77 0.154581 0.171401 0.171739 10.8806 11.09945
0.99999 0.696 0.76 0.147998 0.164991 0.165379 11.48209 11.7444
0.99999 0.695 0.75 0.14162 0.158835 0.159278 12.15554 12.46845
0.99999 0.694 0.74 0.135444 0.152929 0.153433 12.90955 13.28123
0.99999 0.693 0.3 0.008986 0.123918 0.133842 1279.067 1389.509
0.99999 0.692 0.72 0.123681 0.14186 0.142502 14.69875 15.21718
0.99999 0.691 0.71 0.118085 0.136692 0.137411 15.75656 16.36574
 60

Tng t vi trng hp ny ta a vo s liu gi s vi tin cy ca

gn nh tuyt i v gi tr , nh hn thay i nh dn lm r tng ca
tin cy trc v sau khi s dng gii php trong trng hp hai nh cung cp
gp s c.

20
15
10 Ps1
5 Ps2

0
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9

Hnh 3.9. Biu hin th tng ca tin cy trng hp 2

Gi s hai trng hp ny c tin cy cao, nhng nu mt dch v

thay i chnh sch bo mt ca mnh hoc vo thi im cc hacker ang
khai thc l hng, tin cy ca h thng s gim ng k. i chiu vi bng
so snh tin cy ta thy kh nng d phng ca hai trng hp ny s tr nn
kh thi hn bng cch nng cao tin cy ln 1,56% v 3,7%.
V d: Vi = 0.9999 t l li l 1/10000, = 0.9999 t l li l
1/10000, = 0.8 t l li l 2000/10000, tin cy ca c 2 trng hp c ci
thin bng 1.56% . Vi = 0.99999 t l li l 1/100000, = 0.99999 t l li l
1/100000, = 0.75 t l li l 25000/100000, tin cy ca c 2 trng hp
c ci thin 3.7%. Khi s dng cc m hnh ny, tin cy c ci thin, v
vy tnh ton vn d liu c m bo.

3.4. nh gi v so snh vi gii php khc

i vi vn bo v an ton d liu lu tr in ton m my t trc
n nay c cc nh cung cp dch v m quan tm nghin cu. Tuy nhin
 61

mc hiu qu cc gii php c s dng nh th no hay gii php trong

lun vn ny a ra c nhng u im g?

Vi phng php m ha c a ra trong chng 1 c th l mt

gii php cho vn Lm sao c th ngn chn truy cp bt hp php ti
d liu ca ngi dng khi mt khu ca h ang b nh cp v n gin
ch cn m ha cc tp tin trc khi gi ln cc dch v cloud s ngn chn
thng tin r r t cc tp tin b nh cp. Khi nu mt khu b nh cp,
bn th 3 vn s c quyn truy cp n d liu, nhng h s khng c kh
nng gii m xem d liu. Hin nay mt s phn mm c pht trin
da trn nguyn l m ho d liu ca ngi dung trc khi a ln cloud:

Credeoncp l mt ng dng m ho pha client cho cc dch v lu

tr trn cloud [10], phn mm c th lm vic vi tt c cc nh cung cp
dch v lu tr cloud ph bin hin nay, cho php m ho cc tp tin d
liu ca ngi dng, bo v d liu trc nhng truy cp tri php bn
ngoi v c bit hn, ng dng ny cam kt bo v d liu ngi dng
khi s can thip ca c chnh quyn, cung cp m ho AES 256 v FIPS
140-2.

Mt ng dng khc l Spideroak, dch v ny cho php ngi dng

lu tr d liu trn cloud v cc tp tin s c m ho bi mt khu ca
chnh h trc khi c chuyn ln server. Thng tin v mt khu ngi
dng s c gi an ton ti chnh my tnh ca h v khng lu trn my
ch ca nh cung cp dch v. Do vn v an ton d liu c th m
bo khi chnh nh cung cp cng khng th truy cp tri php cc tp tin
ca ngi dng khi khng c mt khu.

BoxCryptor l dch v trung gian gia ngi s dng v cc dch v

lu tr cloud nh Dropbox, Google Drive, OneDrivedch v ny s thc
hin c ch m ho cc d liu ca ngi dung trc khi tin hnh lu tr
chng trn cc kho d liu trn cloud. D liu c th c truy cp trn cc
 62

nn tng khc nhau nh mobile, desktop v cc h iu hnh nh

Windows, MAC, Linux.

Cc gii php nng cao tnh bo mt cho cc dch v lu tr cloud

hin nay a phn u ng dng c ch m ho d liu, iu ny hn ch
c vic l d liu b mt v truy cp bt hp php. Tuy nhin, cn nhn
nh rng, nhng iu cam kt v quyn ring t ca ngi dng t cc nh
cung cp dch v ch l tng i, v chng ta cha th khng nh c do
h tng v gii php ca h l hon ton ng.

Bn cnh , yu t m bo tnh ton vn d liu cha c cp

nhiu, dch v cloud c th dng bt c khi no do nhiu nguyn nhn, khi
d liu ca ngi dng s khng th khi phc c.

Gii php m ha, bn thn n khng ngn chn c vic thng tin b
nh cp, khi mt mt khu gi d liu s b mt, iu ny dn n vic
khng m bo tnh an ton ton vn v mt d phng d liu.

Ring vi gii php c xut ny gii quyt vn bo mt d

liu v tnh d phng cho vic khi phc trong trng hp b mt mt.
Trong trng hp c 2 ti khon lin k b mt hoc khng th tip cn c
th c th ly d liu t cc ti khon ln cn. Nu mt nh cung cp chm dt
dch v, bn c th s dng d liu t cc ti khon ln cn.
 63

KT LUN
Cng ngh in ton m my ang pht trin nhanh chng v tr thnh
mt nn tng c s dng rng ri cho cc ng dng tnh ton phc tp v
hnh thnh cm lu tr d liu. Vn an ninh v an ton d liu lun l iu
c quan tm v thu ht nhiu nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc.

Sau thi gian tm hiu, nghin cu ti liu v lm lun vn di s hng dn

ca thy TS. L Quang Minh ti hon thnh lun vn vi ti Nghin cu gii
php nng cao an ton bo mt cho d liu m my. Lun vn t c kt
qu sau:

- Tm hiu, nghin cu nhng l thuyt tng quan xoay quanh dch v lu

tr m my. a ra lun im nhng vn cn tn ti, nhng lp lun
v dn chng v s thiu an ton mt mt d liu. Trnh by nhng vn
c mc nguy hi cao nht trong in ton m my. Trnh by chi
tit v phn tch u nhc im ca gii php m ha d liu, bo mt
truy cp nhn quyn. Qua lm ni bt ln tnh cp thit, ngha thc
tin ca ch lun vn thc hin.
- Tm hiu v cc phng php d phng nng cao tin cy ca h thng.
Sau , trnh by tng hp, phn tch kin thc xoay quanh c ch RAID,
trin khai RAID. RAID i vi bi ton an ton d liu cho h thng my.

- Da trn nhng c s l thuyt nu trn, lun vn a ra gii php

nng cao an ton d liu lu tr trn m my, gii php ny gii
quyt vn chnh cn tn ti nhng dch v lu tr trn cloud hin
nay l: Tnh bo mt v ton vn cho d liu ngi dng.

Xy dng thnh cng quy trnh gii quyt bi ton thc t (c bit s
dng vo vic lu tr d liu cho c nhn t chc doanh nghip). S
dng ton hc vo chng minh c tin cy ca gii php, a ra
bng s liu tnh ton v th so snh lm r mc ci thin ln
v tin cy ca h thng khi s dng gii php.
 64

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit

[1] Trn Din Hin, V Vit Yn (2005), Nhp mn l thuyt xc sut v

thng k ton, Nh xut bn i hc S phm, H Ni, tr16, 31.
[2] Nguyn Anh Khim, Nghin cu cc phng php nng cao tin
cy cho h thng tnh ton qua cu trc h thng. Lun vn Thc s , Trng
i hc Cng ngh, HQGHN, 2014.
[3] PGS.TS Phan Vn Khi (2001), C s nh gi tin cy, Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v K thut, tr169-174, tr188-195
[4] L Quang Minh, Nguyn Anh Chuyn, L Khnh Dng, Phan
Huy Anh, Trnh Th Thu, Nghin cu v cc c ch RAID v xut gii
php lu tr d liu an ton trn dch v m - K yu Hi ngh Quc gia
ln th 9 v Nghin cu c bn v ng dng Cng Ngh thng tin (FAIR), Cn
Th 2016.
Ting Anh
[5] A. Cruz, Update on Todays Gmail Outage, Google, February 24,
2009, retrieved on September 20, 2010 from http://gmailblog.
blogspot.com/2009/02/update-on-todays-gmail- outage.htm.
[6] Claire Reilly, Hackers hold 7 million Dropbox passwords ransom,
from http://www.cnet.com/news/hackers-hold-7-million-dropbox-passwords-
ransom.
[7] Cloud Security Alliance, Top Threats to Cloud Computing, 2010.
[8] Daniel Fitch, Haiping Xu, A Raid-Based Secure and Fault-Tolerant
Model for Cloud Information Storage, International Journal of Software
Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 2013.
[9] Hassan, Qusay (2011). "Demystifying Cloud Computing" (PDF). The
Journal of Defense Software Engineering. CrossTalk. 2011 (Jan/Feb): 1621.
Retrieved 11 December 2014.
 65

[10] Hector Salcedo, Google Drive, Dropbox, Box and iCloud Reach
the Top 5 Cloud Storage Security Breaches List, from https://psg.hitachi-
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Ting Nga

[15] ,
, 2008. - 31c,
(Xy dng cc phng php nng cao tin cy ca qu trnh vn hnh h
thng my tnh).

[16] , .,
, 2012. -15c, ( tin cy ca h thng k thut v cc nguy c cng ngh).

[17] Le Quang Minh (2007),

,
- 5. (Phn tch cc phng php bo m tin cy v hot ng
ca h thng tnh ton, Tp ch Khoa hc t nhin v cng ngh, s 5-2007).

[18] Le Quang Minh (2007),

,
 66

, . .
. (Phn tch hiu qu ca vic ng dng cc phng php nng cao
tin cy cho h thng thi gian thc c cu trc dng cy. Hi tho khoa hc
ton LB Nga, Mtxcva).

[19] Le Quang Minh, .., ..., , (2007)

(nh gi hiu qu cc phng php d phng bo v h thng my tnh phn
cp).