A DVA N CE D CON CE P TS I N DA TA B A S E

S Y S TE M S

UNIT 1

Query processing,Optimization &Database Tuning:

Steps in processing a high level query, Algorithms for executing query operations (External
sorting, select ,project ,join, outer join ,set operations, aggregate),Heuristics for query
optimization, Query Execution Plan, Using selectivity and cost Estimates in Query optimization
,Clustering and Indexing, An overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems, Catalogs in
RDBMS.

UNIT-II

Extended Relational Model & Object Oriented Database System:

Logic based data model, Data log, Nested relational model, expert database system., Concepts of
OOPS, object oriented system development cycle, Unified Modeling Language, notations for
class, object, inheritance, generalization, aggregation diagrams.
ODL: Creating class,object,strcture,abstract class,generalization,creating object instances.
OQL: Basic retrieval command,querying multiple classes,subquery,summary and group
summary values.

UNIT –III

Distibuted Database System:

Structure of distributed database, Data fragmentation, Data model, Query processing, join
processing, semi join, distributed query processing in R* system, concurrency control in
distributed database system ,recovery in ddbms, distributed database system, distributed deadlock
detection & resolution, commit protocols

UNIT-IV

Database Security:
Database security, Access control, grant & revoke ,Integrity constraints, discretionary access
control, role of DBA ,security in statistical databases

UNIT-V

Enhanced data model for advanced applications:

Introduction to temporal database concepts, spatial databases, multimedia data bases, active data
base system, web databases, deductive data bases database machines, data mining.

R e f e r e nc e s :
 Majumdar &Bhattacharya “Database management system,TMH
 Elmasri Navateh,”Fundamentals of database systems,MGH
 Fred,Mary,”Modern Datamanagement”
 A RTI F I CI A L I N TE LLI GE N CE

Intelligence, History of AI, Foundation of AI, general issues of AI, Application of AI.
Unit-1
Introduction
Problem representation, state space representation, searching for solution, AI
techniques, state space search, problem reduction, Problems: 8 Puzzle, 8 Queen, crypt-
Unit II arithmetic.
Problem Solving Missionaries, and cannibals, water jug problem, Tic-Tac-Toe problem etc.

Uninformed Search: Breath first, Depth first, Depth limited ,

Iterative deepening, Bi-directional search,
Unit-III Informed Search : Best first, Greedy search, A* search Heuristic function,
Search strategies AO*search, Hill climbing, Simulated
Annealing, constraints satisfaction.

Proposition logic, predicates or First order logic, normal forms Definition and
Theorems, Inference in first order logic, forward chaining and backwards chaining
Unit-IV algorithms. Resolution, semantic Networks, frames, scripts.
Knowledge reasoning

Unit – V
Introduction Expert system, ANN(artificial neural networks), NLP(natural language
Advance concept of
processing)
AI

1. Artificial Intelligence By Rich & knight

2. Artificial Intelligence By Nilson
3. Artificial Intelligence & Expert system By V.S.Janakiraman
Reference Book 4. Artificial Intelligent By Russels & Norvig
 A RTI F I CI A L N E U RA L N E TWORK

UNIT1 :

INTRODUCTION

Biological neurons and artificial neurons.

Structure and function of single neuron.
Artificial neural network and its characteristics
Classical application of ANN : - Classification, clusterings, vector quantization, pattern
recognition, function approximation, forecasting, control and optimization.
Training and learning.
Generalization.

UNIT 2 :

SUPERVISED LEARNING

Single layer network.

Multilayer perception.
Linear seperability
Learning Rules / Training Algorithm, Hebbian learning rule, Delta learning rule,
Competitive learning rule, outstar learning rule, Boltzman learning rule. Back
propagation algorithm, derivation, execution of algorithm for some iterations,
advantage and disadvantages of back propagation & memory based learning rule.
Recurrent Network.
Feed forward Network
Redical basis function network (RBFNET).

UNIT 3 :

UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

Winer takes all path networks.

Harmming networks
Taxnet
Vector Quantization
Counter propagation network
Kohonen’s self organizing maps.
 DI G I TA L I M A G E P ROCE S S I N G

Image Digital Representation, Elements of Visual Perception. Sampling and

quantization, Image processing system elements.

Fourier transforms, Extension to 2D, DCT, Walsh, Hadamard transforms.

Enhancement and segmentation : Histogram modification, smoothing, sharpening,

tresholding, Edge detection, Segmentation, point and region dependent techniques.

Image encoding : Fidelity criteria, transform compression, KL, Fourier, DCT, Spatial
Compression, Run Length coding, Huffman and Conbour coding.

Restoration : Models, Inverse Filtering.

R e f e r e nc e :

1. Digital Image Processing by Genzaler & Woods, Pearson Education Asia.