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Ngo The Vinh TPCuu Long Can Dong Bien Dong Noi Song
Ngo The Vinh TPCuu Long Can Dong Bien Dong Noi Song
LI DN
Con sng Mekong nh mch sng v ang ngy mt gn b vi tng lai
vn mnh ca cc quc gia ng Nam m Vit Nam li l quc gia cui ngun.
qua ri thi k hoang d ca con sng di 4200 cy s chy qua lnh th ca by
nc k c Ty Tng, m ngt mt na chiu di l chy trn lnh th Trung Quc.
Khng phi ch ti khi ngi Ty Phng ti khai sinh t tn sng Mekong
vn c con sng hng v t bao nghn nm ri. Do con sng chy qua nhng vng
dn c ni bng nhiu ngn ng nn c nhiu tn gi khc nhau. Ngi Ty
Tng gi tn l Dza Chu (nc ca ) ti Trung Hoa con sng mang tn Lan
Thng Giang (con sng xanh cun sng), xung ti Thi Lo con sng li c tn
Mea Nam Khong (con sng m), ti Cam Bt c tn ring Tonle Thom (con sng
ln), ti Vit Nam con sng ra chn ca nh chn con rng nn c tn Cu Long.
Ring tn sng Mekong c gii ngoi giao Ty Phng lc l Anh v
Php chp nhn trn bn , c l bt ngun t mt tn gc Thi theo cch phin
m ca ngi B o Nha thnh tn gi Mekong, c ngha th mng l m ca
cc con sui.
T Th K u tin ca dng lch, c mt nn vn minh c Eo ni ng
Bng Sng Cu Long. Th K 12, on chin thuyn dng mnh ca Vng Quc
Champa vt sng Mekong xm lng tn ph Kinh Angkor Khmer. Th K 13,
Marco Polo cng vt qua sng Mekong ng Vn Nam ra khi Trung Hoa.
Cng khong thi gian ny, Chu i Qun nh hi hnh Trung Hoa t Bin ng
ngc dng sng Mekong ln Bin H ti thm Angkor vit thin hi k k th v
chuyn i ny.
Th K 19, Henri Mouhot Nh Sinh Vt Php cng ti vi con sng
Mekong v ti pht hin Khu n i Angkor. Si Gn cho d Php thit lp
c nn bo h, cuc sng nhng ngi Php y chng sng sa g, h bt
mn v gi tr thng mi ca thuc a Nam K nn bt u quan tm ti con sng
Mekong. c nhng cuc tho lun v iu m h gi l tng ln ngi khi
xng l Francis Garnier mi 24 tui ang gi chc v Trng Ch Ln.
Garnier khng ch am m vi cc cuc phiu lu ti nhng vng t cha bit
m cn c nim tin rng mt quc gia nh nc Php, m khng c thuc a l
mt quc gia cht. V kt qu l s hnh thnh mt on thm him gm su
ngi, tui tr rng r v c hc thc, sng gia Th K 19 ca chu ng v khc
CHNG I
ZAJIADUJIAWANGZHA
I RA T NGUN NC THING
Everybody Lives Downstream
(World Water Day 03.22.99)
Vn vi mi quan tm by lu v con sng Mekong, khng ch thun kha
cnh mi sinh m c tnh nhn vn ca c dn sng hai bn b con sng y, Cao
quyt nh m mt h s Ty Tng cho ring anh. C l v phong cch lm vic y
cng thm vi my bi vit rt gi tr xut hin gn y ca Cao mt ngi bt khng
chuyn, khin ng Khc mt k gi lo thnh i ti nhn nh l ra Cao phi l
mt nh bo thay v k s mi sinh.
Khong ba trm triu nm trc, Ty Tng cn nm di y bin Tethys
nguyn l mt i dng mnh mng bao trm c din tch Chu v n , a
Trung Hi l phn cn st li ca bin Tethys ngy trc. Khong mt trm triu
nm trc lc th cha c khi t n tch ri ra khi tin lc a
Gondwanaland. Do hnh trnh va chm d di ca hai khi tin lc a
Gondwanaland v Laurasia to nn cn a chn vi sc p khng l t khi t n
dn ln pha bc to thnh mt a hnh mi ni bt l s hnh thnh dy Hy M
Lp Sn v c vng cao nguyn Trung .
CHNG II
LANCANG JIANG
MY BO T PHNG BC
Ha l ni phc nng nu
Phc l ni ha n tng
Ha h phc chi s
Phc h ha chi s phc (Lo T)
Vn Nam nh mt mu di ca cao nguyn Ty Tng, din tch 394 ngn
km2 ln hn Vit Nam ch c 340 ngn km2, cao trung bnh 1800m trn mt bin,
gm nhng thung lng ph nhiu, ni cao sng su vi Lan Thng Giang-Lancang
CHNG III
N CI BANGKOK V
NC MT C PHT THCH CA
Vit s m khng c nc trong l mt thiu st ln.
Kinh nghim nhn loi u c kh khan n nh vy.
Donald Worster, Rivers Empire, 1985
Sau hi ngh Vn Nam, Cao tr li Thi Lan x s ca nhng n ci. Vi
din tch na triu km2 gn bng nc Php, dn s 60 triu v khng ngng gia
tng mi nm, 95% theo o Pht Tiu Tha v 5% cn li l cc tn gio khc.
Thi Lan tip gip vi M Lai, Min in, Lo v Cam Bt, vi min trung l
chu th ph nhiu v l va la ca Thi. C hai con sng chnh: Pha Ty l con
sng Chao Phraya vi nhiu ph lu chy qua Bangkok v ra Vnh Xim La, pha
ng l con sng Mekong dng mnh cng vi nhiu ph lu nh mt bin gii
thin nhin gia Thi Lo, chy qua Cam Bt Nam Vit Nam trc khi ra Bin
ng. Nainaam mii plaa, nai naa mii khao (Di nc c c v trn rung c la)
l cu thuc nm lng ca tr Thi khi cp sch ti Trng.
Kh hu nhit i vi ma ma v ma kh, r nt nht l vng ng-Bc
Thi vi ma ma ko di t thng T ti thng Mi.
Ma cy cy, chi li v cc ngy hi l lun lun ha nhp. Ma hay kh th
cng l nng m quanh nm khin Loubre mt vin chc ngoi giao Php ving
Thi Lan vo Th K 17 i ti kt lun b th l ci nng y lm nhu nhc lng
can m khin ch cn vung li kim l c trm ngi Thi b chy.
Mao Trch ng cng tng so snh Thi Lan v tnh T Xuyn ca Trung
Hoa v din tch th tng ng m dn s T Xuyn ng gp i nn cho rng
Trung Hoa cn a ngi xung Thi Lan [sic]
S thc ngi Thi hnh din vi lch s lp quc ca h. Vo Th K 13 khi
qun Nguyn Mng do Ht Tt Lit ch huy chinh phc xong Trung Hoa, nh bi
Vng Quc i L nguyn l nc Nam Chiu ca sc dn Bch hng mnh, th
nhng ngi Thi t cao nguyn Vn Nam trn gic Mg C b chy xung
phng Nam, nh c ti Sukhothai v chn Ayuthaya lm Kinh . Ngi Khmer
mit th gi nhng ngi Thi ny l Xim (Syamas) vn l tn gi cc sc dn
s khai. V p ng nhu cu xy dng cc khu n i Angkor ngy mt trng l
v v i hn, dn Thi b ngi Khmer bt v lm kh sai. Angkor khng ch l
vng t lm than ca nhng ngi n l Thi m cn c vi chnh ngi dn
Khmer na. Ti Th K 14, li dng s chia r v c tht nhn tm ca triu nh
Angkor Khmer, cc Vua Xim bt u thng xuyn t chc nhng cuc xm lng
nh ph Cuc chin dai dng ko di ngt mt Th K kt thc bng s ton thng
ca Xim La, Angkor b ngi Xim tn ph v n lt nhng ngi
Khmer b bt v Xim lm n l t Th K15, hn na lnh th pha Ty Cam Bt b
st nhp vo Xim La. Tri qua 33 i Vua ko di hn 400 nm, n hu bn Th
K 18, Ayuthaya li b qun Min in xm lng tn ph khin nhng Cng ng
ngi Thi li phi chy xa hn na xung pha Nam nh c dc theo b sng
Chao Phraya v ng ti Thon Buri l mt phn Th Bangkok by gi Mi
CHNG IV
GIA CON NG
TI KHU TAM GIC VNG
Xin cho nhau, gia con ng
Ma xun pha trc, min trng pha sau
Bi Ging
Nu sng Mekong l mt thy l giao thng nh gic m ban u ca
Doudart De Lagre-Francis Garnier v on thm him Php vo Th K 19 th Tam
Gic Vng (Golden Triangle) nm gia con ng t cao nguyn Ty Tng ra ti
thm Bin ng.
Ri Cnh Hng (Jinhong) Th Trn cn Nam ca Tnh Vn Nam, khong 150
dm v pha Nam, con Sng Xanh Cun Sng-Lan Thng Giang (Lancang Jiang)
tn Trung Hoa ca sng Mekong bt u chy sang Vng Tam Bin, ranh gii ba
nc Min in, Lo v Thi Lan. Vi din tch khong 195 ngn km2 vi lch s l
nhng nm mu me lin quan ti sn xut v bun bn ma ty em li li nhun
hng triu la nn c tn l Tam Gic Vng.
CHNG V
TING SNG MAE NAM KHONG
TRN CNH NG CHUM
Nc Lo khng c coi l mt thc th a d chng tc
hay x hi m thun ch l mt tin nghi chnh tr
Bernard Fall
Gia con ng t Tam Gic Vng, qua Cartier anh nh bo ngi Php,
Cao c thm Sn l ngi bn tr ng hnh. cng l l do Cao i l trnh
hai ngi cng i Xieng Khouang, thm Cnh ng Chum, i vi Cao cng l mt
kha cnh vn ha khc ca con sng Mekong. Sau Sn c chng trnh ring, i
vo cc bun bn ngi Hmong, Khmu tip tc cuc kho st ng hc ca anh.
Vi Cao, mi ln ti vi con sng Mekong lun lun l mt hnh trnh mi vi cnh
tr khc, nhng con ngi khc m c ln anh gi a l Nhng Mekong d nhn
v khng bao gi c hai ln kinh nghim ging nhau. Cao t hi anh phi cn bao
nhiu chuyn i na, trong bao nhiu nm hay l cho n ht cuc i mnh c
th t ho l bit v mt con sng ang dn dn b hy hoi nhng vn cn mang
trong n bao nhiu iu b nhim v vn ang cn l mch sng ca ton vng ng
Nam nhng cn c bao lu na th kh m lc quan c li gii p. Phi
chng Cao c mt rng buc nh mnh vi con-sng-lch-s, con-sng-thi-gian
v cng l con-sng-cui-cng y.
Cng qua chuyn i ln ny, Cao c bit r thm cuc i Sn ngi
thanh nin M gc Vit y, khng cn thm phn h cu t n m ra mt cun
tiu thuyt.
Tt nghip Trung Hc vi ton im A, rt xut sc v khoa hc, Sn c
nh theo mn ton, v tnh hiu k Sn hc thm mn c ng Hebrew, Sn li thy
mnh rt c nng khiu v ngn ng hc v tt nghip double major c hai mn
ny. Cng v tnh hiu k Sn gi bi d thi hc bng Raoul Wallenberg ca Quc
Hi Do Thi tng cho 10 sinh vin ngoi quc khng phi gc Do Thi nhng thng
tho ting Hebrew v vn ha lch s nc Do Thi.
Sn vit mt lun vn bng ting Hebrew thut li chuyn vt bin ca
102 thuyn nhn Vit Nam c tu Do Thi vt v sang Do Thi nh c. Sn
trng gii nht v c hc bng sang hc i Hc Hebrew Jerusalem mt nm v
cng ti y Sn c gp Noam Chomsky khin cuc i ngi thanh nin y
hon ton thay i v la chn ca Sn c th nh hng ti c hng i ca
ngnh ng hc Vit Nam sau ny.
Thm mt chi tit v khc r sm hn trong cuc i Sn nh mt c sc
a cu b tr v ngun. Mi l sinh vin nm th nht, l phng vin cho t ni
san ca nh trng, Sn chp hnh cnh biu tnh ca cc sinh vin da en chng
CHNG VI
NHNG NGY SINGAPORE
V MT TRN CHIANG RAI
But ting ku v vng thinh khng
Nh con nc cung lu ma l.
Thanh Tm Tuyn
Khu ng bay quc t chiu th Su nhn nhp cnh tin a: H l m
sinh vin i du hc, a s l t tc ti cc i Hc ln M. i Ty, sang cc nc
u Chu khng cn l gic m cao nht nh ca nhng chng trai t Vit hn na
Th K trc. V by gi ch c M l nht, nu c mt gic m phi l Gic M M
Quc (The American Dream) nu c quyn la chn.
Trn mt t nc Vit Nam gi l i mi th quc M vn l k th nay
tr thnh ch da vng chc; v m t sn ngi Hoa vn l giai cp phn ng
th nay li l ngi bn ng hnh ng tn cn trong cc v u t lm n ln.
V tra nay H cng chng ngc nhin khi gp li ng ch Su Dn tng cc
trng tng cc la go ra tin a con th t i du hc UC Berkeley bn California.
Ba a kia th mt Canada v hai a c. Nh cc gia nh cn b khc, Su
Dn thy mnh cha th hnh din nu cha gi c mt a con no sang hc
M cho d phi tn km ti u. V nhn xa hn th l nhng u cu an ton
chun b cho ci ngy cui ca din tin ha bnh c th thy trc l bt trc.
V H cng gp ch Quch ch Cng Ty Bt Ngt Vivan a c gi t i M.
Cuc i ch Quch phi ni l thng trm theo vi vn nc Vit Nam. Trc 75,
khi t mt ca hiu chp ph nh ch Quch tr thnh ch thu Qun Tip V rt
c uy tn vi cc b Tng trong dch v cung cp lng kh nui sng hn mt
triu tay sng ca Qun i Min Nam. Sau 75 ch v bn rn vi c v b mng t
m b kt li ri sau b tan tc trong t nh t sn ngi Hoa nhng ri gia
nh ch cng thot sang c Hng Kng. Cng ch my nm sau ngay khi bt u
c chnh sch i Mi ngi ta thy ch tr li nh mt doanh nhn ngi Hoa
tung honh khng phi ch cc Tnh Min Nam m cn ra ti ngoi Bc na. Bn
lm n ca ch Quch by gi l nhng tnh y vin ti cp trung ng ng hay
tng gim c cc cng ty quc doanh. Lm ch mt hng sn xut bt ngt ln
nht nc vi nh my xy v hot ng ngay bn sng, ch c s ng h ca
cc Tin S Vin S Vin Sinh Hc Nhit i v Cc Mi Trng cho t do tha h
cht ph thi xung sng xung bin vi l do thc hin th nghim nghin cu
nh hng ln mi trng ca cc cht ph thi trong chu k sn xut cng nghip
sinh hcnhng ch l mt ni, ch tm nh hng lm n ca ch thc s vn
xa ti Hng Kng, i Loan Singapore. V cng d hiu ti sao Singapore l ni a
c lui ti ca cc ng ch cao cp thuc trung ng ng.
Khng c v bay chnh thc m ch l khch stand-by, H bc vi sang khu
ca hng Singapore Airlines khng km sm ut. Trn nhng chuyn bay shuttle
CHNG VII
TR V - PATTIVATTNA
VI NHNG CNH NG CHT
Chng ta s t ht cnh ng c v c cy mi s mc.
Pol Pot
ng Khc th vn thch Malraux ngay t cun sch u tin La Voie Royale.
Sch Malraux khng nhng ng c m cn c b.
Rt tic l mt thi gian di ng ch lm quen vi mt Malraux nh vn nh
chnh tr thnh danh. Nhng mi y trong chuyn sang Php vo cc Th Vin
tm ti liu cho cun sch vit v cc phong tro cch mng Vit Nam t 1920 ti
1945, nh mt c duyn, ng Khc c khm ph k th v mt Andr Malraux
khc. l mt Malraux ci tui 23, cch y hn 70 nm ln u tin ti Si
Gn. Nhng bc u xng xo ca Malraux b t bo a phng L Impartial
(V T) gn ngay cho ti danh tn ph hoi, k n trm cc ph tch v ng thi
b ta n Nam Vang kt n ba nm t v nm nm cm c tr ng Dng v
ti n cp nhng ph iu g t n Angkor.
CHNG VIII
BN TRI
TING HC KU THNG
Ti y th li y
Bao gi bn r xanh dy th v
Ca Dao Nam B
L thnh vin y Ban Sng Mekong, H c dp thy c con sng y
hng v nhng cng mong manh ra sao. Sinh ra v ln ln t Vng ng Bng Nam
B, H qu thn thit vi con sng y. Hi nh th ch bit gn b vi khc Sng
Tin ni qu nh qua hai ma l hn, ln ln th vn ti sut chiu di ca dng
sng, thn thuc vi nhp iu ca con sng Mekong nh nhp p ca tri tim mnh.
Con sng y tng nh bt tr nhng li l ngun sng t ngn nm ca
ngi dn ng Bng Chu Th. Mi hn trm nm trc ngi ta cng cha bit
con sng y khi ngun t u.
Con sng xanh cung n y nh mt con rng vi u n khut trn chn
tng my trn ngn ni thing bn cao nguyn Ty Tng vi c thn rng un ln
khi th dng mnh xi bt go tht xuyn qua nhng cao nguyn v rng gi khi th
tri mnh hin ha trn cc bnh nguyn ri ng Bng Chu Th vi chn ci ui
khng ngng quy p vn ti thm lc a Bin ng. Vo ma l thng Chn
th con sng y bin thnh bin nc mnh mng thm mang y ph sa trn b
dm su ht c rung ng, v nh ca th ch cn nh nhng chic nn p trn mt
nc. Thng T ma kh, con sng y vn ph by kch thc ca n: vn khi
nc mt mu nu sm tri rng ra t hai ti ba dm, cnh tr qunh qu, lng mc
CHNG IX
SNG THING M TT CN
Rung ng mc sc chim bay
Nc sng lai lng c by ua bi
Ca Dao Nam B
T Ngn Ni Thing 15 ngn b trn cao nguyn Ty Tng, t u trong
vng trng mnh mng ca trin ni tuyt, con sng Mekong bt u chy rc rch
khi ngun cho mt con sng ln ca Chu , nhng t y cn phi mt bao lu
na, tri qua bao nhiu ghnh thc, ngang qua bao nhiu vng kh hu v dn c
con sng xanh cung n y ti c Vit Nam mang tn Cu Long m p vng t
thing ta thnh chn con rng sng tri di ra ti b Bin ng.
M Cu Long Giang tn y c t bao gi ? Theo Gia nh Thng Ch l cun
sch v lch s a l t Gia nh hay l t Nam K sau ny th tn y l do Trnh
Hoi c t. T tin ng gc ngi Phc Kin bn Tu di c sang t Trn Bin
(Bin Ha) sinh nm 1765 cng nm sanh vi Nguyn Du, t lm quan di c
hai triu Gia Long v Minh Mng ln ti chc Hip Bin i Hc S hiu l Cn Trai.
ng cng vi L Quang nh v L Nhn Tnh u l mn sinh ca V Trng
Ton, c ba ni danh th ph nn c ngi ng thi mnh danh l Gia nh
Tam Gia Thi. ng mt nm 1825, nm nm sau ngy mt ca Thi Ho Nguyn Du.
Ai cng bit l hai con Sng Tin Sng Hu ch ra tm ca nhng s chn mi l
con s hn nn ca Tranh cng c k thm vo cho d ch l mt thot lu
ph rt nh. Cng nh Tht Sn c nhiu hn by ngn ni nhng s by c
chn v cng l mt con s hn.
Ni ti ng Bng Sng Cu Long qu in, ngi ta ngh ngay ti la v lt.
Chung sng vi l lt th c g mi l u vi nhng ai tng hai bn b nhng
con sng y vi chng cht nhng kinh v rch. Ri c hng nm cng vi cn l l
tng tng lp lp ph sa t bi th rung ng no m chng thm ph nhiu, li
thm bao nhiu l tm c. Cha k thm ci li con l ra phn cho t, ra bt
cht c Da Cam cn nm su lng u trong cc khu rng cht t sau cuc
Chin Tranh Vit Nam.
Khng bit bao lu ri nhng in th khng bao gi qun trn lt ln nht
nm khi in mi mi tui. By gi l khong gia thng Nm, nc quay k
nht t Thng Ngun v tht m mt mu nh son.
Mu khng phi ch c ph sa, c nm cn trn ln mu ngi ta na. Cha
in ni vy khng gii thch g thm v ch sau ny ln ln in mi tht s hiu.
CHNG X
EL NINO V RN THN NAGA
TRN NG BNG SNG CU LONG
Cu Long giang m chn ln ca rng
Dng sng di d di bn trng ca
Nguyn Sa
Ni rng thing p xung. T trn tri cao Ty Tng, ni rng thing p
xung con sng Mekong hoang d khi ngun v bt u cuc hnh trnh xui dng,
con sng vn dng mnh lun lun ng hn hng nm khng bao gi thiu nhng
cn l cht ngi.
Nhng vi hn su mi triu dn c sng sut dc hai bn b con sng c
chiu di hn bn ngn cy s y cho d chn Rng Thing thay Rn Thn Naga th
nhng con vt linh y by lu vn ngm c khi nc sng Mekong trong ma l v
phun ra trong ma kh khin nng dn khng b lt v quanh nm bn ma c
nc gieo trng.
Cng v vy m hng nm lun lun c nhng ngy hi l truyn thng y
thanh m v mu sc n mng cc Ma Nc Git, Ma Nc Ni, vinh danh
v c cu nguyn con sng thing thi cn cung n lun lun gip h c ma
tm c di sng v la go trn khp rung ng.
CHNG XI
MI CHIN THANAKAAN MAI
T NHNG DNG SNG XN XAO
Ma ma nh mt trn ma lin
Chu th mang mang tri nc st.
T Thy Yn
Cao c cung cch lm vic ca mt nh bo cho d ngh nghip chuyn mn
anh l mt K S v mi sinh. Tt nghip Montral nhng chn nh c M.
iu khin mt t hp chuyn vin nhiu ngnh, anh c uy tn v c bit n nh
mt cng trnh s ca nhng d n ln ngay trn t M s kin kh him hoi v anh
l chuyn gia cn tr li gc sc dn thiu s. Theo mt ngha no anh sm
thot ra khi ci ghetto ca mt Cng ng di dn cn rt tr mi ti Lc a M
Chu ny cho d anh vn l mt trong s ngi him hoi vn c bi ngc dng.
Khi t Montral vo M, Cao khng chp nhn ngay t u kinh nghim
c gi l khn ngoan ca ngi i trc khuyn anh nn i ci tn kh c sang
mt tn M trnh tnh trng m h gi l discrimination raciale l americaine
nhng Cao li coi nh mt chi t (denial) ang h thn t cn cc ch thc v
ngun gc ca mnh ch c cng n vic lm. Cho d l sc dn da mu li c
accent kh nng khi ni ting Anh nhng Cao ht sc t tin cho rng anh c bng
cp, tr thng minh v c c sng to nu khng hn th cng chng thua g cc bn
ng s Caucasian da trng. khng phi l thi bng bnh m Cao cho rng
n bt ngun t lng t trng v thc t chng minh l anh khng nhn nh
sai.
Gia nh gc gc t Chu Th Sng Hng nhng anh li sinh ra v ln ln t
Vng Hu Giang min Nam. C phi v vy m Cao vn ni a chn anh dnh
phn v by lu anh vn bn b quan tm ti tng lai H Sinh Thi Sng Mekong.
CHNG XII
BIN NGT U XA
KHC V CM TONL SAP
Bin h cc lm em i
Ban m s c, ban ngy phi kh
Tin AFP 3.6.98: T chc UNESCO tuyn b cng nhn Bin H ca Cam Bt
l Khu Bo Tn Sinh Thi Quc T (International Biosphere Reserve), cng vi 337
k quan thin nhin khc trn th gii. S cng nhn ny gip bo v Bin H v
cng khin chnh quyn Cam Bt tham gia vo s pht trin hi ha trong vng...
Phn ng t cc thnh vin Nhm Bn Cu Long rt khc nhau, ring Cao
n nhn bn tin y vi nim vui v c s lc quan. Cao cng khng ngc nhin bi
v anh cng bit v theo di cc bc vn ng trong nhng nm gn y ca
cc nh mi sinh Cam Bt mun Bin H c cng nhn l vng bo tn ca th
gii. Bo tn h sinh thi Bin H cng l gin tip bo v mi sinh cho Vng ng
Bng Chu Th Cu Long. K t khi con sng Mekong tr thnh mi quan tm ca
Cao th tp h s v Bin H ca anh khng ngng ngy mt dy thm k c phn
quan st thc a.
Chun b cho chuyn i c, vn vi phong cch lm vic ca mt nh bo,
Cao mun cp nht phn homework cho ring anh v cng l gip B T c mt
ci nhn thong v ton cnh v Vit Nam trong vng ng Nam
Bin Ngt trn vng t hi sinh.
Bng Tonl Sap ting Khmer c ngha l H Nc Ngt, ngi Hoa c ra l
Thn Li H ngi Vit gi l Bin H l H thin nhin ln nht ng Nam , cch
Nam Vang 80 dm v hng Ty-Bc ging hnh s 8 theo ngn t ca cc tay o
c nhng th mng hn th bo ging nh thng n v cm, mt tng d thin
CHNG XIII
LN VI BNH MINH
T LI VI IU TN
Ta tng ngn nm Quan Th m
Chng sinh ta khc ni m lm...
Tnh thng tng git ri trn
V Ng
Ngi Ch Chu Giang.
Nhng cn nh sn san st vch vn lp ngi hai bn b Sng Hu. H gc
ngi Chm do giao tip vi ngi M Lai theo o Hi nn ngi Vit Min Ty
tng h cng l M Lai nn gi l Ch.
Ngc dng lch s c th ni c hai t ngi Chm ti y. Khong 1755
Nguyn C Trinh sau khi y lui ngi Khmer dng k tm thc ln Cha Nguyn
xin dng ngi Chm ngn ngi Khmer v c Cha Nguyn chp thun.
ng Chiu d c s ngi Chm trn lon sang Cam Bt, nay a h v
lp thnh cc o qun Cn Man giao cho vic lm qun trn th cc vng Tn
Chu Hng Ng Chu Giang, ng thi cho h t lo khai khn.
Khong 1833 do c mt s ngi Chm theo L Vn Khi chng li Triu
nh Minh Mng, nn c mt t tn st khng khip ngi Chm khp cc
Tnh min Trung, nhng ngi sng st mt s trn ln Min Thng hoc thot
sang Kompong Cham Cam Bt, mt s chy vo Nam sng ln trong khu ngi
Chm Chu c. n thi Thiu Tr cho d c chnh sch chiu an nhng h vn
khng tr v ngoi s ngi trn ln ni rng cao nguyn l tr li Ninh Thun Bnh
Thun sng ti nay.
Trong mng li kinh rch Cu Long.
H cng ng Khc v ngi bn Chm Ro-Him dng thuyn my t Chu
c xui dng theo con Kinh Vnh T i H Tin. T di con Kinh nhn v Chu
c, ni trn nn tri trong vt l mt di ni xanh lam l Ni Sam, mt trong by
ngn ni ca vng Tht Sn. H gii thch v t xa nhn ngn ni ging nh mt con
Sam vi chic mai p v ui l rng ni nh pha sau. Tuy Vnh T Sn l tn do
Minh Mng t cho nhng i vi dn a phng th h vn quen gi cc ni bng
hnh tng ca n nh ni Sam, ni Kt, ni Di, ni Tng, ni C T, ni B Om,
ch ring ni Cm s d c tn v l ni dn khng c lui ti. ng Khc cn bit
thm ni Cm xa kia tng l cn c a ca cc danh s v thn ho chng
Php vng Hu Giang.
Thuyn my vn lt nh trn con sng o lch s thng bng nh mt
ng ch gch vi ngn nc ngt mt nhng ph sa v hai bn b l nhng
hng cy xanh. Khng phi ma nc dng, nc t Sng Hu vo con kinh xui
chy chm mang theo c nhng gi lc bnh l xanh man mc tr bng tm. n nh
CHNG XIV
CHUYN TU L TRN SNG MEKONG
V CON C UI TRONG TNH NG THP
Peace had returned to this beautiful land
at the expense of its very raison d tre...
Tim Page
Chuyn Tu L Trn Sng Mekong.
Calypso tng trng cho c hi li b b l bi gii lnh o Vit Nam do ch
bit nhn qua mt nhn quan ng hm (tunnel vision). Trong sut hn na Th K
Calypso gn lin vi tn tui Jacques-Yves Cousteau (JYC), ng khng ch c
bit ti nh mt nh thm him bin su m cn l mt chin s bo v mi sinh.
JYC cht thng 6 nm 1997, Calypso th nm Cng Marseille b mc cho
kh hu v thi gian tip tc lm cho han r. Nhiu ngi ang vn ng a Calypso
v sng Seine nc ngt Paris trng by nh mt tng i quc gia trc khi
b h v mui lm cho thn tu hon ton rung mc.
Nguyn l s quan Hi Qun Php y hun chng, JYC sng ch ra b
my th cho ngi ln su. Sau Th chin 2, JYC thnh cng bin ci mt tu
vt mn ca M thnh con tu Calypso vi lin tc nhng cuc thm him bin su
sau . JYC cng to ra c a Ln nh mt tu ngm t hon cho hai ngi c
th xung su hn 300m v li cng hin cho th gii bao nhiu nhng hnh nh
p ly k khc.
L ngi tin phong thm him cc rnh su a Trung Hi, nhng vng hang
ng Bahama, thu vo ng knh nhng hnh nh t lng i dng nh nhng cng
vin k o di y bin lm say m c th gii.
JYC cn c nhc ti vi nhiu giai thoi rt l Php. Theo phng vin t
National Geographic th trc khi khi hnh t Cng Toulon, Calypso ch theo 2
tn ru vang v 20 tn nc ngt vi k lut ca Thuyn Trng p dng cho
ton thy th on l khu phn nc ngt th hn ch nhng vi ru cht th
khng!
CHNG XVI
C PHT THY V NHNG TM BIA CN LONG VN NAM
Leau est devenue chre, et elle le sera encore plus lavenir, ce qui en fera l
or bleu du XXIe sicle. Ricardo Petrella, 3.2000
T Giang Thnh Ti Chu c Tn Cng.
ng Bng Sng Cu Long c sc cun ht l thng, vi Cao vn l
vng t mi cn bit bao nhiu iu v lch s, a d v con ngi...t by n
nay Cao t thy vn cha th no thu hiu ht c.
Nh ch ring mt vng Tht Sn k b vi ni rng trng ip nm dc theo
con Sng Hu thuc Chu c Tn Cng c coi nh a gii cui cng ca
cuc Nam Tin m thy nh y p qu kh vi bao nhiu tn tui nhn vt
CHNG XVII
N CI KHMER V
HONG HN TRN SNG MEKONG
It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature
Henry James (Hawthorne, 1879)
Sp ti Phi Trng Quc T Pochentong,theo trm khng lu v l do k thut
phi cng cha c php p. Chic my bay li nghing cnh o mt vng ln,
CHNG XVIII
NGY HI C PLA BEUK
NI VNG SU LUANG PRABANG
CHNG XIX
NGI C PAKHA V TING N RN DI THC KHONE
Ordinary life goes on that has saved many a mans reason
Graham Greene, 1955, The Quiet American
Sau cc ngy tt Pimai v nhng ngy Luang Prabang khng th no qun,
Cao hn gp li Tin S Cham Sak Done Khong ni di thc Khone. Cao s
khng th no hiu c s phong ph v c v sinh cnh thc vt ca con sng
Mekong nu khng bit thm c lch s hnh thnh ca con sng y. Cao nguyn
Ty Tng c t khong hn mt trm triu nm trc do s va chm d di ca hai
khi tin lc a Gondwanaland v Laurasia to nn mt a hnh ni bt l dy
Himalayas v c vng cao nguyn Trung .
Ring con sng Mekong ch mi c hnh thnh vo thi k Pleistocene
gia khong 1.6 triu v 10 ngn nm trc y thi.
Con sng nh hin nay bao gm 4 khc sng thuc cc con sng khc do
nhng cn a chn lm di chuyn nhng khi t to thnh.
Mt khc sng Chao Phraya khi chy ti v tr Tnh Chiang Rai b chp bt
(captured) vo con sng Mekong v dn d to nn lu vc trn ca con sng.
ng Bng Sng Cu Long ch c hnh thnh trong khong 10 ngn nm
tr li y t y Bin ng do cht st trong ph sa ca sng Mekong hp vi cht
sulphur trong nc bin to nn hp cht pyrite c th bi p dn cho ti khi nh
ln khi mt bin v hng nm tip tc c ph sa ph dy ln. Ring Bin H mi
c thnh hnh t 5700 nm trc do nn t b xp v ln su xung so vi mt
bin. Chnh do t nhng con sng khc nhau hp thnh gii thch ti sao cc loi
c v h sn ca con sng Mekong li phong ph n nh vy.
u l ngun ca con sng Mekong. Cch y hn 130 nm khi on thm
him Php Doudart de Lagre-Francis Garnier khi hnh t Si Gn, lc l thuc
a mi ca Php, ngc dng sng Mekong tm mt thy l giao thng vi
Trung Hoa, cc tin tc c c lc ch gip h on bit m h l con sng y
pht nguyn t Ty Tng. Cuc hnh trnh y gian kh v rng r sut hai nm
1866-1868 nhng ri cng phi b d dang v ci cht ca Doudart de Lagre
Trng on khi h ch mi ti c Tnh Vn Nam ca Trung Quc.
Nm 1894, ba mi nm sau, mt on thm him Php khc do Dutreuil de
Rhins cng bn ng hnh Joseph-Fernand Grenard ri Paris qua Samarkand,
xuyn qua vng Turkestan thuc Nga ri vo Trung Quc trc khi i v hng Nam
ti Ladakh ri li ngc v hng Bc, ngang qua sa mc Taklamakan theo con
ng T La (the Silk Road) ri bng mt chng ng rt quanh co trc khi vo
c Cao Nguyn Ty Tng. H c coi nh ti gn ngun nht ca con sng
Mekong nhng nh mnh dnh cho Dutreuil de Rhins tht bi thm, ng b cc dn
lng Khamba bn cht trong cuc tranh ci mt nga. Ring Grenard sng st v ti
CHNG XX
T CY CU KH HAI HUYN
TI CU M THUN Y2K
Nattendez pas le jugement dernier. Il a lieu tout les jours.
Albert Camus, La Chute (1956)
Sau nhng ngy Thc Khone, Cao hn gp H Th Nam Vang trong
cuc Hi Tho v Mi Sinh Sng Mekong. Cam Bt mt t nc ang vc dy t
CHNG XXI
T T DU 1945 SU MI NM
I TI CY CU CN TH 2005
La vie humaine commence de lautre ct du dsespoir
Jean-Paul Sartre (Les Mouches.1943)
CHNG XXII
TM V PHNG NG
A NG LI NH MT
a phng, tn gio, chng tc, mi sinh...
ng Bng Sng Cu Long c ci ngun bt an ca c nc
CHNG XXIII
NGY MI TRN CNG VIN LNIN
T Do l qu, qu ti mc phi khu phn hn ch
Vladimir Ilitch Ulyanov Lenin
Ngi n ng mi tc im sng vi cp knh cn tht dy bc i nh v
thanh thot dc theo hai bn hng cy Jaracanda hoa tm n y, bo hiu nhng
ngy tht nng m ca min nam Cali.
ng c dng ca mt cy tng trc bo ng vng qua bao nhiu thng
trm ca thi th cho d ng mang th bnh do nhng nm thng di t y. Vi
bnh phi ang thi gian iu tr th kh hu y cng l l do khin ng khng
chn min ng vi Tri To Ln Nu c nh mt vng t lnh. Vi ng cng
nh cc ngh s lu vong chn cuc hnh trnh ti M Quc th Nu c vn c sc
THAY LI KT
Nam Vang by gi l vo thng Mi cui Ma Ma. Trc t thng Su
cng vi tuyt tan t rng Hy M Lp Sn cng thm vi khi nc ma to nn
nhng cn l t Thng Ngun v dng cao ti hn 10 mt, c ni cao ti hn
20 mt di Thc Khone c mt hin tng k l dng sng Tonl Sap i chiu
chy ngc ln Bin H tng din tch h nc ngt ny t 300 ngn hecta ti 1.5
triu hecta gp nm ln so vi Ma Kh, chim 1/7 ton din tch Cam Bt. Tng
n c t Bin H tranh nhau trn vo cc khu rng l (flooded forest) kim n v
lm t sinh .
Ht Ma Ma khi nc Bin H v con sng Mekong cn bng th trong
khonh khc ngn ngi gn ging nh hin tng gip nc ni ng Bng Sng
Cu Long con sng Tonl Sap hon ton ngng chy, ri bt cht sau con
sng nc ngt y li i chiu chy xui dng, em theo bao nhiu l nc v c
t cc khu rng l rt v Bin H ri theo ph lu Tonle Sap vo con sng
Mekong ni Quatre Bras tip tc nhp iu t ngn nm, m mn cho nhng ngy
Hi L Ma Nc Git vui nht trong nm rn r khi u cho ma nh c v gieo
trng.
bc vo nm 2000 sang ti thin nin k th ba, cn c chng kin
hin tng thin nhin k diu ny nh mt nim hy vng v cng l thi im c
chn cho trang cui ca cun sch vit v con sng Mekong chng bao gi c k
l hon tt khi m mi ngy sut dc con sng y c bit bao nhiu nhng bt chc
i thay.
Liu cn ko di c bao nhiu lu na khi Con Sng Mekong, Con Sng
Lch S, Con Sng Thi Gian, cng l Con Sng Cui Cng y, l mch sng ca
bao triu dn c ang c nguy c tr thnh Con Sng Ca Qu Kh.
Ch ring vi chui nhng con p bc thm Vn Nam khi hon tt d tr s
ngn khng cho l v na, tc khc s l mt thm ha cho Bin H, s nh
mt tri tim thiu mu phi ngng p v ng thi to ra mt chui phn ng suy
thoi dy chuyn (chain reactions) trn ton h sinh thi sng Mekong, trong c
ng Bng Sng Cu Long. Vi by quc gia dc hai bn b sng Mekong ring
nc Ty Tng ang b Hn ha c nguy c b xa tn trn bn , cho d mang
nhng tn gi khc nhau nhng c mt mu s chung l khng c dn ch v
khong cch giu ngho th nh mt i dng cch bit. S phn vinh ngn ngi
sau chin tranh sao m mong manh vi ci gi nhim mi sinh phi tr lu di
trong nhiu th h v sau ny.
Vi dng sng chy xuyn sut, vi hai bn b l nhng qun th sc tc
thuc nhiu nn vn ha sng rng buc vi nhau trn vng t nh mnh trong
tng lai chung ngho kh hay thnh vng l do chnh ni h, v cho d u v
bao gi trn khc sng no th phi hiu rng Mi Ngi u Sng Di Ngun
(Everybody Lives Downstream).
khng c mt Tinh Thn Sng Mekong, The Mekong Spirit nh mt dng
chy thun nht ni kt s hp tc v pht trin cho phc li chung ca hng
trm triu c dn m vn mnh ca h lun lun gn b vi s tinh khit ca dng
TP CH & TI LIU:
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81.- Life Magazine, Oct 1999, Collectors edition. Great Pictures of The
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82.- The 1999 Mekong Papers. The 1999 Conference On The Mekong At
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83.- Le Monde Diplomatique. No.552, Mar.2000. Picardo Petrella. La Nouvelle
Conqute de lEau.
84.- National Geographic, Vol 134, No.6, Dec. 1968. P.T. White, W.E. Garrett.
The Mekong River Of Terror And Hope.
85.- National Geographic. Vol 139, No.3, Mar 1971.P.T. White, W.E. Garrett.
Southeast Asia: Mosaic of Cultures.
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Forbidden Tibet
86.- National Geographic, Vol 161 No 5, May 1982. P.T. White. Kampuchea
Wakens From a Nightmare-Ancient Glory in Stone
87.- National Geographic, Vol 171 No.6, June 1987. P.T. White, Seny
Norasingh. Laos Today.
88.- National Geographic, Vol.176, N.5, Nov 1989. P.T. White, D.A. Harvey.
Vietnam Hard Road to Peace.
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S. Yamashita. The Mekong River.
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