And, again, in short it means a lot of work, either replacing texts with free and

widely accessible alternatives or negotiating (and paying for!) licensing

permissions for use online.

It bears repeating: This is a time-consuming process, especially as ownership of

copyrighted material is sometimes difficult (if not virtually impossible) to trace.
But, additionally, we must also keep in mind the structural challenges of
negotiating copyright in massive open online environments: current licensing
structures for copyright are ill-equipped at best to cover the kinds of massive
open use that MOOCs require.