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ISSN: 0866 - 7802
Toa soan & tr s
530 ai lo Bnh Dng, phng Hiep Thanh, TP.Thu Dau Mot, tnh Bnh Dng
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Tng Bin tp
PGS.TS.NB. Nguyn Thanh
Ph Tng Bin tp
TS.NB. Trn Thanh V
Hi ng Bin tp
Ch tch:
TS. L Bch Phng
Thng trc Hi ng BT:
ThS. Bi V Tng Chn
Cc y vin:
GS.TS.DS. Nguyn Vn Thanh
GS.TS. Hong Vn Chu
GS.TS. H c Hng
GS.TS. Hong Th Chnh
PGS.TS. Linh Hip
PGS.TS. Nguyn Quc T
PGS.TS. Phm Vn Dc
PGS.TS. Phng Ngc Thch
PGS.TS. V Vn Nh
PGS.TS. Phc Minh Hip
PGS.TS. Phng nh Mn
PGS.TS. Phm Minh Tin
TS. L Th Thanh H
TS. Nguyn Hu Thn
TS. Nguyn Tng Dng
ThS. L Th Bch Thy
Th k Ta son:
ThS. H Kin Tn
Giy php hot ng bo ch in
S: 36/GP-BTTTT
Cp ngy 05.02.2013
S lng in: 3000 cun
Ch bn v in ti Nh in:
Lin Tng, Qun 6, Tp. HCM
S 14
6 - 2016
3 THNG 1 K
MC LC Trang
Kinh t
1. Hong Th Phng Tho, Bi Th H Thu: Hnh nh thng hiu trng v lng
trung thnh ca ngi hc: trng hp trng Cao ng ngh Hng hi thnh ph
H Ch Minh......................................................................................................................1
2. Nguyn Vn Hu, Trn Thanh V, H ng Huy: Cc yu t tc ng n kt qu
hc tp ca sinh vin chnh quy khoa K ton -Ti chnh - Ngn hng trng i hc
Kinh t - K thut Bnh Dng.......................................................................................14
3. Bi Thanh Nhn: Nghin cu cc yu t tc ng n quan h lao ng ti cc
doanh nghip trong khu cng nghip Sng Thn 1, tnh Bnh Dng..........................29
4. H Nam Khnh Giao, H Th Thu Trang: nh hng ca vn ha t chc n s
gn kt ca nhn vin vn phng ti tnh B Ra - Vng Tu.......................................39
5. Vng Thnh Nam: Gii m vn gi thnh chn nui g cng nghip ti Vit Nam
cao hn nhiu nc trn th gii....................................................................................50
6. Hong Cu Long, Nguyn Nht Vinh: Nghin cu cc yu t tc ng ca hng gi,
hng nhi n thng hiu thi trang hng sang theo cm nhn ca khch hng ti th
trng thnh ph H Ch Minh......................................................................................59
7. Phan Trng Ngha: Dch v ngn hng bn l ti Ngn hng thng mi c phn
u t v Pht trin Vit Nam, chi nhnh Bnh Dng................................................72
8. T Minh Thin: Chui cung ng nng sn: bc i cn thit Vit Nam
tham gia TPP..................................................................................................................80
9. Nguyn Duy Mu: Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca ngnh du lch Vit Nam trong
thi k hi nhp...............................................................................................................88
10. Nguyn Hong Phng: Pht trin du lch ng bng sng Cu Long p ng
yu cu hi nhp quc t................................................................................................98
11. V Vn Thc, L Bch Phng: Pht trin dch v kiu hi ti ngn hng
Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn Vit Nam...........................................................105
12. Nguyn Th Dim Hin, T Th Thanh Trc, L Duy Khnh: Hiu qu hot ng
ca cc ngn hng thng mi c phn Vit Nam: so snh gia ngn hng c v
khng c s hu nc ngoi ........................................................................................114
13. Nguyn Hong L: Nhn nh vai tr ca hng dn vin trong mt tour du lch...123
Nghin cu Trao i
14. Nguyn Tt, L Thanh c: Pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao
cng an nhn dn trong thi k hi nhp quc t.......................................................131
15. Minh T, Nguyn Th Kiu Oanh: o to, thu ht ngun nhn lc phc v
pht trin cng nghip Bnh Dng giai on 1997 2015....................................137
Thng tin
16. Thng: Hc tp v lm theo tm gng o c H Ch Minh..........................141

JOURNAL
ECONOMICS - TECHNOLOGY
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Dr. Tran Thanh Vu
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Director:
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Member:
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Prof.Dr. Hoang Van Chau
Prof.Dr. Ho Duc Hung
Prof.Dr. Hoang Thi Chinh
Assoc.Prof.Dr. o Linh Hiep
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nguyen Quoc Te
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Pham Van Duoc
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Phuong Ngoc Thach
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Vo Van Nhi
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Phuoc Minh Hiep
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Phung Dinh Man
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Pham Minh Tien
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MA. Le Thi Bich Thuy
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MBA. Ha Kien Tan
Publishing licence
No: 36/GP-BTTTT
Date 05/02/2013
In number: 3000 copies
Printing at: Lien Tuong printing,
District 6, HCM city
ISSN: 0866 - 7802
No.14
6 - 2016
EVERY 3 MONTHS
TABLE OF CONTENNTS Page
Economic
1. Hoang Thi Phuong Thao, Bui Thi Ha Thu: Brand image of college and students
loyalty: the case of HCM city maritime vocational college..................................................1
2. Nguyen Van Hau, Tran Thanh Vu, Ho ang Huy: Factors affecting regular
students learning outcomes of the faculty Ofaccounting-Finance-Banking,
Binhduong Economics- Technology University..................................................................14
3. Bui Thanh Nhan: Impacting factors toward laborrelations ofthe business in
Song Than 1 industrial park, Binh Duong province...........................................................29
4. Ha Nam Khanh Giao, Ho Thi Thu Trang: The affects of organization culture
on the staffs commitment in Ba Ria- Vung Tau provine.....................................................39
5. Vong Thinh Nam: Decrypt matter of cost breeding industrial chicken in Vietnam
higher than in many countries in the world.........................................................................50
6. Hoang Cuu Long, Nguyen Nhat Vinh: Impacting factors toward luxury counterfeit
fashion products as consumer perception in Ho Chi Minh city..........................................59
7. Phan Trong Nghia: The services of retail banking in joint stock commercial bank for
investment and development of Vietnam, Binhduong branch ............................................72
8. Tu Minh Thien: Agricultural supply chain: the necessary steps for Vietnam
to join TPP............................................................................................................................80
9. Nguyen Duy Mau: Enhancing competitiveness of tourism industry in Vietnam
integration period.................................................................................................................88
10. Nguyen Hoang Phng: Tourism development in Mekong river delta meets
the demand of international integration..............................................................................98
11. Vu Van Thuc, Le Bich Phng: Remittance service development at Vietnam bank for
Agriculture and Rural development...................................................................................105
12. Nguyen Thi Diem Hien, To Thi Thanh Truc, Le Duy Khanh: The efficiency of
Vietnamese joint - stock commercial banks: a comparison between banks with and
without foreign equity.........................................................................................................114
13. Nguyen Hoang Le: Commentary the role of guidance staff in a tour...........................123
Research Exchange
14. Nguyen Tot, Le Thanh uc: Human resources development of high quality people in
an international integration period...................................................................................131
15. o Minh Tu, Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh: Training and human resource attraction for
industrial development stage in Binh Duong 1997 2015...............................................137
Information
16. o Thang: Studying and following the moral example of Ho Chi Minh........................141
 Hnh nh thng hiu . . .

Kinh t

HNH NH THNG HIU TRNG V LNG TRUNG THNH

CA NGI HC: TRNG HP TRNG CAO NG
NGH HNG HI THNH PH H CH MINH
Hong Th Phng Tho*, Bi Th H Thu**
TM TT
Hnh nh trng l mt phn quan trng to nn gi tr thng hiu, gp phn nng cao
s nhn bit thng hiu, nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca nh trng. Bi bo ny xc nh cc
yu t tc ng n hnh nh trng, mc tc ng ca tng yu t, mi quan h gia hnh nh
trng vi lng trung thnh ca sinh vin. D liu c thu thp t 439 sinh vin hin ang hc tp
ti mt trng cao ng thuc thnh ph H Ch Minh. Cc php phn tch thng k m t, EFA, v
hi quy c dng phn tch d liu. Kt qu cho thy c 7 yu t tc ng cng chiu n hnh
nh trng theo mc quan trng: (1) chng trnh hc,(2) c hi ngh nghip,(3) dch v hnh
chnh, (4) i ng ging vin, (5) truyn thng, (6) c s vt cht, v (7) i sng x hi. Kt qu
cng cho thy mi quan h thun chiu gia hnh nh trng vi lng trung thnh ca sinh vin.
Cui cng, mt s gii php c xut tng cng hnh nh thng hiu trng.

T kha: Hnh nh trng, lng trung thnh, cht lng dch v o to.

BRAND IMAGE OF COLLEGE AND STUDENTS LOYALTY: THE CASE OF

HCM CITY MARITIME VOCATIONAL COLLEGE

ABSTRACT
College image is a part of brand equity of an academic institution, contributing to enhance
its brand awareness and competitive capacity. The paper identifies the main factors that influence
college image, the degree of each factor, and the relationship between college image and student
loyalty. A survey of 439 students at a college in HCMC was conducted. Statistic descriptive, EFA,
and linear regression were used to analyze the data. The research result shows that seven factors
impact positively on college image as the following order of importance: (1) training program,
(2) career opportunities, (3) administrative service, (4) teaching staff, (5) communication, and (6)
physical infrastructure. The result also reflects the considerable relationship between college image
and students loyalty. Finally, some managerial implications are given to develop the image college.

Keywords: Brand image, students loyalty, educational service quality.

*
PGS.TS. trng i hc M TP. HCM, 97 V Vn Tn, Q.3, TP. HCM, T: 0937060469. Email. thao.htp@ou.edu.vn
**
ThS., trng Cao ng Ngh Hng Hi TP. HCM. Email: hathu576@gmail.com

1
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
1. GII THIU
Gio dc pht trin, s cnh tranh ngy
cng tr nn gay gt, buc cc trng phi
ch nhiu hn vo hot ng marketing
to ra v duy tr thng hiu mnh. Hnh nh
thng hiu l mt thnh phn quan trng to
nn gi tr thng hiu ca t chc (Keller,
1993), nh hng n s la chn trng,
s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca sinh vin
(Nguyen v LeBlanc, 2001).Cc t chc gio
dc i hc cn phi duy tr v pht trin hnh
nh to ra mt li th cnh tranh trong giai
on hin nay (Landrum v cng s, 1998).
Nghin cu v hnh nh trng c s
quan tm ca nhiu nh nghin cu. Tuy nhin
mi nghin cu a ra nhng kt lun khc
nhau v cc yu t c nh hng n hnh
nh trng i hc. Tai v cng s (2007)
a ra 6 yu t tc ng cng chiu n hnh
nh trng: cht lng ging vin, cht lng
sinh vin, c s vt cht, bu khng kh ca
trng, mi trng hc tp, thnh tu ca
trng. n nm 2009, Mohamad v cng
s nghin cu v ti sn thng hiu ca cc
trng i hc cng ch ra ba nhm thuc tnh
tc ng n hnh nh thng hiu bao gm
dch v, biu tng v kh nng ni ti. Duarte
v cng s (2010) li a ra 4 yu t c bn
tc ng n hnh nh trng i hc: c hi
ngh nghip, truyn thng, i sng x hi,
hnh nh kha hc.Bn cnh , mt s nghin
cu cng ch ra mi quan h cng chiu gia
hnh nh trng v lng trung thnh ca sinh
vin (Alves v Raposo, 2010; Mohamad v
Awang, 2009). Ti Vit Nam, mt s nghin
cu v hnh nh trng c cc hc gi thc
hin nhng ch yu l s dng phng php
nghin cu nh tnh. Nghin cu ca Hong
Th Phng Tho (2014) ch ra cc yu t
nh hng n danh ting t chc l thng
tin truyn thng i chng, s tin tng ca
ngi hc v thng tin truyn ming. Trong
, cht lng dch v (nh chng trnh o
to, i ng ging vin, qun l hc v, c s
vt cht) cng cao th hc vin cng tin tng
vo t chc o to v do danh ting t
chc c nng ln. Khi danh ting t chc
cng ln th lng trung thnh ca sinh vin
vi t chc cng cao.
Nh vy, tng hp cc nghin cu trc
cho thy cc yu t tc ng ln hnh nh kh
a dng v rt kh xc nh y cc
thnh phn ca hnh nh. Mi quc gia, t
chc, bi cnh khc nhau th tc ng ca cc
yu t s khc nhau v cn c nghin cu
c th. Trong bi cnh cnh tranh mnh m,
cc trng i hc/cao ng hin nay ang
gp rt nhiu kh khn trong thu ht lng
sinh vin u vo v kim ch lng sinh
vin b hc. iu ny cho thy s cn thit
phi xem xt hnh nh thng hiu trng,
bi hnh nh gp phn gia tng gi tr dch v
ca nh trng v duy tr lng trung thnh ca
sinh vin.V th mc tiu ca bi bo ny l
xc nh cc yu t nh hng n hnh nh
ca nh trng, phn tch vai tr ca hnh nh
trng trong xy dng lng trung thnh ca
sinh vin.
2. C S L THUYT V GI
THUYT NGHIN CU
2.1. Hnh nh trng i hc/cao ng
Theo Kotler v Fox (1995) hnh nh l
tt c nim tin, tng v n tng ca mt
ngi v mt i tng c th. Dichter (1985)
ch ra rng mt hnh nh l mt khi nim m
mi ngi thu thp v hnh thnh quan im
v nhng iu trong tm tr ca h. Do ,
hnh nh trng i hc/cao ng c th c
nh ngha l tt c nhng nim tin m mt
c nhn c i vi trng i hc/cao ng
2

(Arpan v cng s, 2003). Cc yu t nh tn,
logo, khu hiu, mu sc, phng tin, cu
sinh vin, kha hc cung cp, uy tn hc thut,
v hnh vi chung ca trng, l mt s nhng
yu t gp phn th hin hnh nh trng i
hc/cao ng (Alessandri, 2001). Vic qun
l hiu qu hnh nh c th gip cc trng
i hc/cao ng: xy dng h thng thng
tin hng ti cng chng lin quan, c bit l
sinh vin tng lai v nng cao kh nng cnh
tranh ca trng (Alves v Raposo, 2010).
2.2. Chng trnh hc v hnh nh
trng
Nghin cu ca Mitsis (2007) cho thy
rng cc kha hc linh hot v an ton cng
i ng ging vin xut sc l mt phn quan
trng khi sinh vin xem xt la chn trng.
S sn c ca cc kho hc gp phn hnh
thnh hnh nh ca sn phm v t chc.
c th cnh tranh trn th trng cn tp trung
vo hot ng tip th, nng cao nhn thc v
phn bit cc kho hc ca mnh vi cc kho
hc ca i th cnh tranh (Duarte v cng
s, 2010). Sung v Yang (2008) pht hin ra
rng cht lng dch v c lin quan ng k
n s lng thng tin v cc kha hc c
truyn thng.Nh vy, chng trnh hc p
ng tt nhu cu th trng, gp phn nng cao
hnh nh ca trng. Gi thuyt th nht c
ngh l:
H1: Chng trnh hc c nh hng
cng chiu n hnh nh trng.
2.3. C s vt cht v hnh nh trng
Theo Alessandri (2001) c s vt cht
l mt trong nhng yu t th hin hnh nh
trng i hc/cao ng. c th l gio
trnh, hoc cc ni tht c s dng v
cc thit b k thut to mi trng hc tp
hiu qu. Mourad v cng s (2011) khng
nh c im ca t chc (nh v tr a l, n trng i hc/cao ng v b nh hng
Hnh nh thng hiu . . .
quy m, ngun gc) l mt trong 3 yu t
nh hng rt ln n hnh nh ca trng i
hc/cao ng. Mt hnh nh trng hc tt v
thng hiu c o, bn cnh cc yu t nh
cht lng ging dy cn phi c c s vt
cht y v thun tin cho hot ng o
to.Tai v cng s (2007) cng cp ti c
s vt cht nh cc thit b, phng tin ging
dy gp phn xy dng hnh nh chung ca
trng. Gi thuyt th hai c ngh l:
H2: C s vt cht c nh hng cng
chiu n hnh nh trng.
2.4. i ng ging vin v hnh nh
trng
Zheng (2005) xc nh ging vin l mt
trong nhng yu t hnh thnh hnh nh ca
trng. Cht lng ca i ng ging vin
c th hin qua kin thc chuyn mn,
trnh nng cao, v thi ging dy ca
ging vin (Tai v cng s 2007). Theo Jiang
v Xu (2005) c mt hnh nh trng hc
tt v thng hiu c o cn phi c cht
lng ging dy xut sc. Duarte (2010) nh
gi danh ting v uy tn ging vin gp phn
rt ln vo vic khng nh hnh nh trng.
Gi thuyt th ba c ngh l:
H3: i ng ging vin c nh hng
cng chiu n hnh nh trng.
2.5. Dch v hnh chnh v hnh nh
trng
Theo L nh Sn (2010), dch v hnh
chnh ca trng i hc kh phong ph, thuc
nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh hnh chnh o
to (th tc ng k thi tuyn sinh, thng bo
im thi, ), hnh chnh t chc (ng k
tuyn dng, thi nng ngch,), hnh chnh
vn phng, hnh chnh qun tr (sao lu giy
t, ). Hot ng qun l hnh chnh c
coi l mt trong nhng kha cnh nh hng
3
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
bi i ng nhn vin vn phng (Martnez v
Garca, 2009). Cc khi phng ban nh cc
khoa, phng o to, k tonthng xuyn
tip xc vi sinh vin nn vic to dng mi
quan h tt vi sinh vin s gp phn xy
dng hnh nh trng. Chen (2008) xc
nh nhim v qun l th tc hnh chnh l
rt quan trng, gp phn thit lp v cng c
mi quan h gia sinh vin, ph huynh v cc
ging vin, nhn vin. T ng gp tch
cc vo cng tc xy dng hnh nh ca nh
trng. Gi thuyt th t c ngh l:
H4: Dch v hnh chnh c nh hng
cng chiu n hnh nh trng.
2.6. C hi ngh nghip v hnh nh
trng
Theo Duarte v cng s (2010), c hi
ngh nghip cho sinh vin s gp phn nng
cao hnh nh ca trng, n c th hin
thng qua cc chng trnh vic lm cho sinh
vin v trin vng vic lm sau khi tt nghip.
Nhng cng vic ngn hn, nhng cng vic
thc tp v nghin cu trong cc chng trnh
vic lm ca nh trng s l c hi cho sinh
vin c c kinh nghim thc t, hu ch cho
s nghip sau ny (Yan, 2000). Nghin cu
ca Martnez v Garca (2009) ch ra rng, n
lc tm vic lm cho sinh vin tt nghip l
mt trong nhng yu t c nh hng mnh
nht n hnh nh ca trng. Gi thuyt th
nm c ngh l:
H5: C hi ngh nghip c nh hng
cng chiu n hnh nh trng.
2.7. Truyn thng v hnh nh trng
Theo Kotler v Fox (1995) truyn thng
marketing l phng tin m cc doanh nghip
n lc thng bo, thuyt phc v nhc nh
ngi tiu dng mt cch trc tip hoc gin
tip v cc sn phm v dch v m h cung
cp. Hn hp truyn thng marketing bao gm
qung co, khuyn mi, quan h cng chng
v tuyn truyn, bn hng c nhn, v tip th
trc tip.Siegbahn vOman (2004) cho rng
vi s thay i ca mi trng truyn thng
i chng th hnh nh, danh ting ca cc
trng i hc/cao ng c th l ti sn c
gi tr nht ca h. p ng vi mi trng
nng ng ny, cc trng phi bit cch giao
tip, xy dng quan h vi gii truyn thng
v cc bn lin quan thng qua cc phng
tin truyn thng. Arpan v cng s (2003)
cng tm thy mt mi quan h trc tip cht
ch gia truyn thng v nh gi hnh nh.
Hot ng truyn thng hiu qu s gp phn
xy dng hnh nh ca t chc. Gi thuyt th
su c ngh l:
H6: Hot ng truyn thng c nh
hng cng chiu n hnh nh trng.
2.8. i sng x hi v hnh nh trng
Jiang v Xu (2005) cp cc hot
ng ngoi kho, x hi l mt trong nm yu
t c trng th hin hnh nh trng i hc/
cao ng. Theo Martnez v Garca (2009)
hot ng h tr v mt x hi gp phn vo
s pht trin hnh vi c nhn, nhn thc v
cc gi tr x hi. Nhn thc c vai tr ca
nhng h tr v mt x hi s gip gia tng s
hi lng i vi sinh vin, nng cao hnh nh
ca trng.Theo Arpan v cng s (2003),
xp hng hc thut v cc hot ng x hi,
vui chi gii tr c ngha gii thch hnh
nh chung ca trng. Ngoi ra, tinh thn ca
nh trng, sc mnh th thao, dch v cho
cng ng l nhng yu t gp phn xy dng
hnh nh tng th trng.Do , gi thuyt
th by c ngh l:
H7: i sng x hi c nh hng cng
chiu n hnh nh trng.
2.9. Lng trung thnh ca sinh vin v
hnh nh trng
4

Nghin cu ca Mohamad v Awang
(2009) trong mi trng gio dc i hc xc
nh hnh vi trung thnh l s sn sng
hon thnh chng trnh hc hin ti ca sinh
vinv c nh tip tc cc chng trnh hc
khc trong tng lai. Trong khi , thi
trung thnh c nh ngha l s sn sng
ca sinh vin cung cp cc li ni tch cc,
cc nghi lin quanv trng i vi gia
nh, bn b, ngi lao ng v cc t chc
khc bt c khi no c c hi.Kotler v Fox
(1995) ch ra hnh nh v danh ting hin ti
ca mt t chc thng quan trng hn cht
Hnh 1. M hnh nghin cu xut
3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Nghin cu thc hin qua 2 giai on:
Nghin cu s b c thc hin bng k
thut tho lun nhm vi 15 sinh vin nhm
b sung v iu chnh cc pht biu cho
ph hp vi i tng kho st. Kt qu thu
c l bng cu hi nh lng phc v cho
nghin cu chnh thc gm 34 bin quan st
phn nh 7 bin c lp. Thang o cc bin
Hnh nh thng hiu . . .
lng, bi v n l hnh nh nhn thc, iu
thc s nh hng n la chn ca sinh vin
tng lai v nh hng n lng trung thnh
ca sinh vin hin ti.Gi thuyt th tm c
ngh l:
H8: Hnh nh trng c nh hng cng
chiu n lng trung thnh ca sinh vin.
Tng hp cc c s l thuyt trn,mt
m hnh nghin cu (Hnh 1)c xut vi
8 gi thuyt nghin cu. Trong hnh nh
trng va l bin ph thuc v bin c lp
trong m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh bi v n.
c trnh by trong Ph lc.
Nghin cu chnh thc s dng phng
php nh lng vi bng cu hi c xy
dng da trn thang o Likert 5 im (t 1
Hon ton khng ng n 5 Hon ton
ng ).
Nghin cu thc hin kho st i tng
ang l sinh vin ti mt trng cao ng
thnh ph H Ch Minh. Kch thc mu
5
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

k hoch l 500 sinh vin c chn theo 4. KT QU NGHIN CU

phng php nh mc. Phng php thu
thp d liu l phng vn trc tip bng
bng cu hi nh lng v gi email n
a ch ca i tng kho st. Sau khi kho
st thu v 452 phiu, trong c 439 phiu
hp l c a vo phn tch kt qu. D
liu c x l bng cc phng php: thng
k m t, phn tch tng quan, phn tch
nhn t khm ph v xc nh h s tin cy
Cronbachs alpha, phn tch hi quy kim
nh m hnh v gi thuyt.
4.1. c im mu nghin cu
Kt qu thng k c im c nhn theo gii
tnh, khu vc thng tr, nhm nin kha ca
i tng kho st c th hin trong Bng 1.
Trong , t l nam chim 59,7% v n 40,3%.
S lng p vin thuc min Trung chim a
s vi 45,3%, min Bc 29,6% v min Nam
25,1%. i tng sinh vin nm th ba chim
t l cao nht trong mu nghin cu vi 46.5%,
tip n l sinh vin nm th hai vi 35,1%v
sinh vin nm th nht l 18,5%.

Bng 1.Thng tin chung v mu nghin cu

Tn s (ngi)
c im Tn sut (%)
(n = 439)
Nam 262 59,7
Gii tnh
N 177 40,3
Bc 130 29,6
Khu vc thng tr Trung 199 45,3
Nam 110 25,1
Nm 1 81 18,5
Sinh vin Nm 2 154 35,1
Nm 3 204 46,5
4.2. Phn tch nhn t ny c a vo phn tch nhn t khm
V kim tra tin cy ca thang o, sau ph (EFA).
khi loi bin quan st XH6 v HA4 (do h Kt qu phn tch nhn t ln th nht ca
s tng quan bin tng nh hn 0,3) th cc cc yu t nh hng n hnh nh trng cho
bin cn li u c h s Cronbachs Alpha thy c 2 bin b loi do c h s ti nhn t
() ln hn 0,7 (Bng 2 v Bng 3) v h nh hn 0,5 l VC5, TT6.Do , vic phn
s tng quan bin tng ln hn 0,3. Do tch nhn t ln th hai c thc hin vi kt
thang o t yu cu v cc bin quan st qu nh Bng 2.
Bng 2. Kt qu phn tch nhn t Yu t nh hng n hnh nh trng
Bin Nhn t
quan Tn nhn t
st 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
XH2 0,835
i sng x hi (XH)
XH3 0,825
Cronbachs = 0,850
XH5 0,821
Tr trung bnh = 3,825
XH1 0,738
XH4 0,720

6
 Hnh nh thng hiu . . .

VC3 0,801
C s vt cht (VC)
VC2 0,799
Cronbachs = 0,816
VC4 0,766
Tr trung bnh = 3,702
VC1 0,698
VC6 0,650
CT3 0,796 Chng trnh hc (CT)
CT4 0,738 Cronbachs = 0,830
CT2 0,728 Tr trung bnh = 3,895
CT1 0,677
DV3 0,810 Dch v hnh chnh (DV)
DV2 0,807 Cronbachs = 0,848
DV1 0,791 Tr trung bnh = 3,549
DV4 0,747
TT2 0,815 Truyn thng (TT)
TT3 0,804 Cronbachs = 0,754
TT5 0,751 Tr trung bnh = 3,633
TT1 0,688
GV1 0,796
i ng ging vin(GV)
GV3 0,739
Cronbachs = 0,783
GV4 0,669
Tr trung bnh = 3,692
GV2 0,631
CH1 0,695 C hi ngh nghip(CH)
CH4 0,659 Cronbachs = 0,785
CH2 0,646 Tr trung bnh = 3,847
CH3 0,636
H s KMO 0,870
Tng phng sai trch 64,823%

Kt qu xoay nhn t ln 2 cho thy ch ca bin ph thuc hnh nh trng trch c

s KMO = 0,870 p ng c yu cu. Ti
cc mc gi tr Eigenvalues ln hn 1, c7
nhn t c trch t 30 bin quan st vi
tng phng sai trch l 64,823%. By nhn
t trch c bao gm i sng x hi, c
s vt cht, chng trnh hc, dch v hnh
chnh, truyn thng, i ng ging vin v c
hi ngh nghip.
Bng 3 cho thy kt qu phn tch nhn t
1 nhn t vi tn gi tng ng. Tip tc, thc
hin phn tch nhn t lng trung thnh ca
sinh vin cho kt qu tng t vi ch 1 nhn
t c trch.
Nh vy, kt qu phn tch nhn t kt lun
rng cc thang o t gi tr hi t, hay cc
bin quan st i din c cho cc khi nim
cn o. Kt qu ny c a vo phn tch
su hn kt lun cc gi thuyt nghin cu.

7
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Bng 3. Kt qu phn tch nhn t Hnh nh trng v lng trung thnh
Nhn t
Bin quan st Tn nhn t
1
HA5 0,790 Hnh nh trng (HA)
HA1 0,784 Cronbachs = 0,764
HA2 0,754 KMO = 0,773
Tng phng sai trch = 59%
HA3 0,743
Tr trung bnh = 3,751
TR4 0,805 Lng trung thnh ca sinh vin (TR)
TR3 0,782 Cronbachs = 0,774
KMO = 0,764
TR1 0,765
Tng phng sai trch = 59,74%
TR2 0,737 Tr trung bnh = 3,841

Kt qu thng k m t vi gi tr trung c lp cng cao. Do , kim nh a cng

bnh ca tng nhn t (Bng 2) cho thy sinh tuyn c tin hnh trong cc bc tip theo
vin nh gi cc nhn t mc trung bnh xc nh cc bin c lp c nh hng ln
(di mc 4). nh gi thp nht l dch nhau hay khng.
v hnh chnh (3,55) v cao nht l chng 4.4. Kim nh gi thuyt
trnh hc (3,89). nh gi chung v hnh nh Kt qu phn tch hi quy bi trong Bng
trng (Bng 3) ca sinh vin cha cao (3,75) 4 cho thy h s R2 iu chnh bng 0,672, c
v mc trung thnh ca sinh vin mc ngha l m hnh ny gii thch c 67,20%
tng i (3,84). s thay i ca bin ph thuc (hnh nh
4.3. Phn tch tng quan gia cc bin trng) thng qua 7 nhn t ca bin c lp.
H s tng quan gia thnh phn hnh Hn na, kt qu kim nh tr thng k F, vi
nh trng(HA) vi 7 bin c lp XH, VC, gi tr sig = 0,000 (< 0,001) t bng phn tch
CT, DV, TT, GV, CH cao (thp nht l 0,190). phng sai ANOVA cho thy m hnh hi quy
Tng quan gia thnh phn hnh nh trng tuyn tnh bi xy dng ph hp vi tp d
(HA) vi bin lng trung thnh (TR) rt cao liu. H s phng i phng sai VIF <2 nn
(0,756). Ngoi ra, h s tng quan gia bin khng c hin tng a cng tuyn.
Bng4. Kt qu hi quy cc thnh phn hnh nh trng
Gi thuyt Bin c lp Beta chun ho Mc ngha VIF Kt lun
H1 Chng trnh hc 0,286 0,000 1,782 Chp nhn
H2 C s vt cht 0,103 0,001 1,301 Chp nhn
H3 i ng ging vin 0,166 0,000 1,589 Chp nhn
H4 Dch v hnh chnh 0,190 0,000 1,308 Chp nhn
H5 C hi ngh nghip 0,267 0,000 1,930 Chp nhn
H6 Truyn thng 0,129 0,000 1,193 Chp nhn
H7 i sng x hi 0,074 0,009 1,043 Chp nhn
Bin ph R2 hiu chnh 0,672
thuc: HA Mc ngha 0,000
Gi tr thng k F 129,014

8

Tng ng vi bng 4, phng trnh hi
quy c th hin nh sau:
Hnh nh trng= 0,286*Chng trnh
hc + 0,103*C s vt cht+ 0,166*i
ng gio vin+ 0,190*Dch v hnh chnh +
0,267*C hi ngh nghip + 0,129*Truyn
thng + 0,074*i sng x hi
Cc gi tr Sig. vi cc bin XH, VC, CT,
DV, TT, GV, CH u nh hn 0,05. V vy,
c th khng nh cc bin ny c ngha
trong m hnh. Mc nh hng ca cc
Bng 5. Kt qu hi quy hnh nh trng v lng trung thnh sinh vin
Gi thuyt Tn bin Beta chun ha
H8 Hnh nh trng 0,756
H s R 2
Mc ngha (Sig.)
Gi tr thng k F
Tng ng vi bng 5, phng trnh hi
quy c th hin nh sau:
Lng trung thnh ca sinh vin = 0,756*
Hnh nh trng
Kt qu phn tch hi quy hnh nh trng
n lng trung thnh ca sinh vin cho h s
R2=0,571, c ngha l 57,1% s bin thin ca
bin lng trung thnh ca sinh vin c gii
thch thng qua hnh nh trng. H s hi
quy chun ha = 0,756, mang du (+) th hin
mi quan h cng chiu gia hnh nh trng
v lng trung thnh ca sinh vin. Nh vy,
gi thuyt H8 c chp nhn.
5. KT LUN V KIN NGH
Kt qu nghin cu cung cp thm
nhng hiu bit v cc nhn t tc ng n
hnh nh trng v mi quan h gia hnh nh
vi lng trung thnh ca sinh vin trng cao
ng. Cc gi thuyt a ra u c chp T chc cc bui hp, hi tho vi s tham
nhn, cc yu t c tc ng cng chiu vi
hnh nh trng v hnh nh trng cng c
mi quan h cng chiu vi lng trung thnh
Hnh nh thng hiu . . .
bin c lp i vi hnh nh trng c xc
nh thng qua h s Beta chun ha v c
xp theo th t nh sauchng trnh hc ( =
0,286), c hi ngh nghip ( = 0,267), dch
v hnh chnh ( = 0,190), i ng ging
vin ( = 0,166),truyn thng, ( = 0,129), c
s vt cht ( = 0,103),i sng x hi ( =
0,074). Cc h s beta u mang du dng
th hin mi quan h cng chiu gia bin c
lp v bin ph thuc nn cc gi thuyt H1,
H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 v H7 c chp nhn.
Mc ngha (Sig.) Kt lun
0,000 Chp nhn
0,571
0,000
582,075
ca sinh vin. Nghin cu ch ra mc tc
ng ca tng yu t ln hnh nh, yu t tc
ng mnh nht l chng trnh hc, tip n
l c hi ngh nghip v yu t tc ng
yu nht l i sngx hi. nh gi chung
ca sinh vin v hnh nh trng cha thc
s cao vi im trung bnh l 3,75. Tng t
nh vy, khi o lng mc trung thnh ca
sinh vin th kt qu nhn c cng cha t
ti mc 4 im. iu ny cho thy nh trng
cn c nhng bin php nng cao hnh nh
trng gia tng lng trung thnh ca sinh
vin i vi nh trng.
5.1. Chng trnh hc: Cn thc hin
i mi chng trnh o to p ng tt
nhu cu th trng v ph hp vi kh nng
tip thu ca sinh vin. Khuyn khch ging
vin tham gia i mi chng trnh o to.
gia ca ging vin, c nhng chnh sch h
tr thit thc to ng lc cho ging vin tch
cc tham gia xy dng v i mi chng
9
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
trnh. Qu trnh xy dng chng trnh hc
cn tham kho kin ca cc chuyn gia,
doanh nghip xy dng chng trnh hc
gn vi thc t nhiu hn. Thng xuyn
c hot ng gim st o to, pht hin kp
thi nhng sai lch iu chnh v rt kinh
nghim cho tng nm hc.
5.2. C hi ngh nghip: y l yu t
mang tnh cht quyt nh i vi la chn
ca sinh vin cng nh nh gi ca sinh vin
v hnh nh trng. Khi nh trng c th
to c nhiu c hi vic lm, c hi ngh
nghip cho sinh vin s l mt li th cnh
tranh quan trng trong giai on kh khn
hin nay. Do , nh trng cn tip tc duy
tr mi quan h tt vi cc doanh nghip trong
ngnh tm kim c hi vic lm, c hi
thc tp ph hp nhm nng cao cht lng
tay ngh cho sinh vin. Tch cc thc hin
chng trnh gii thiu vic lm cho sinh vin
t kt qu tt sau khi tt nghip.
5.3. Dch v hnh chnh: Nh trng cn
nhanh chng ci thin h thng cng ngh
thng tin, tin hc ha cc th tc hnh chnh
nhm tit kim thi gian, cng sc cho c sinh
vin v cn b nhn vin ca trng. Hn na,
cn xy dng quy trnh lm vic thng nht,
xc nh nhim v c th, r rng ca tng v
tr cng vic, tng phng ban trnh trng
hp trng lp, n y gy ch tc, lng ph
v lm gim hiu qu cng vic.
5.4. i ng ging vin: Thc hin i
mi phng php ging dy, p dng phng
php dy hc tch cc, ph hp vi i tng
sinh vin ngh. Ging vin cn thc hin nng
cao trnh chuyn mn, tay ngh. Chnh sch
tin lng cn thay i nhm khuyn khch
ging vin nng cao trnh . Thng xuyn,
nh k nh gi ging vin m bo cht
lng ging vin. Xy dng quy trnh tuyn
dng cht ch t khu xc nh nhu cu n
quyt nh tuyn dng. Nh trng cn c
chnh sch chiu m nhn ti i ng tt
nhm thu ht v gi chn nhn ti, nhng
ngi c tm huyt vi trng.
5.5. Hot ng truyn thng: Trc tin
cn u t nhiu hn vo hot ng qung co
nhm nng cao s nhn bit v trng. Tn
dng ti a phng tin internet em li hiu
qu cao vi chi ph thp. C th, nh trng
thit k Cm nang tuyn sinh, n phm
cung cp y thng tin v trng v gi
ti cc trng trung hc ph thng hoc n
trc tip n cc trng thc hin cng tc t
vn tuyn sinh. Nh trng cn tip tc duy
tr v xy dng mi quan h tt vi cc trng
trung hc ph thng khu vc min Bc, Trung
v Nam (c bit khu vc min Ty) xy
dng mi quan h v gia tng s nhn bit ca
h v trng. Tch cc tham gia cc cng tc
x hi (ti tr, trao hc bng) tng bc
xy dng hnh nh p trong mt cng chng.
5.6. C s vt cht: Nh trng tng
cng v hin i ha phng tin dy hc
nhm gip cho qu trnh truyn t v lnh hi
tri thc t hiu qu. Cn ci thin th vin,
k tc x, cn tin phc v sinh vin tt
hn. Xy dng mi trng xanh sch p
v khng c ting n. H thng ch dn khoa
hc v bng thng tin thng bo nhng v tr
thun tin, d dng cho CBNV GV v khch
lin h cng tc khi cn.
5.7. i sng x hi: So vi cc yu t
khc trong m hnh th i sng x hi l
yu t tc ng t nht n hnh nh trng,
song n vn c ngha quan trng i vi
vic xy dng hnh nh. Do , on trng,
phng cng tc hc sinh sinh vin kt hp t
chc cc hot ng ngoi kha hiu qu hn.
a chng trnh o to k nng mm cho
10
 Hnh nh thng hiu . . .

sinh vin vo chng trnh o to bt buc. ng. Tuy nhin, nghin cu ny c hn ch l

Thnh lp cu lc b k nng mm, to c hi
cho sinh vin giao lu, hc hi hon thin
k nng sng. Hnh thnh cc cu lc b hc
thut ti tng khoa nhm khuyn khch tinh
thn hc tp vn ln ca sinh vin.
Bi bo ny phn nh cc yu t nh
hng n hnh nh thng hiu trng cao
ch tin hnh iu tra kho st ti mt trng
cao ng Tp.HCM, nn cn thc hin
nghin cu lp li ti cc trng i hc/cao
ng khc Tp.HCM nng cao kh nng
khi qut ha kt qu nghin cu. y cng
l hng m cc nghin cu thc nghim tip
theo c th thc hin.

TI LIU THAM KHO

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explanation, Corporate Communications An International Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 173182.
[2]. Alves, H.,and Raposo, M.(2010), The influence of University image on student behavior.
International Journal of Educational Magagement, Vol.24, No. 1, pp.73-85.
[3]. Andreassen, T., Lindestad, B.(1998), The Impact of Corporate Image in the Formation of Customer
Loyalty, Journal of Service Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 82-92.
[4]. Arpan, L., Raney, A., and Zivnuska, S.(2003),A cognitive approach to understanding university
image,Corporate Communications An International Journal, Vol.8, No. 2, pp. 97113.
[5]. Chen, L.H.(2008), Internationalization or international marketing? Two frame works for
understanding international students choice of Canadian universities, Journal of Marketing for
Higher Education, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 1-33.
[6]. Dichter, E.(1985),Whats in an image, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 7579.
[7]. Duarte, P., Alves, H. and Raposo, M. (2010), Understanding university image: a structural equation
model approach,Int Rev Public Nonprofit Marketing, Vol. 7, pp. 21-36.
[8]. Hong Th Phng Tho(2014), Danh ting t chc o to theo gc nhn hc vin cao hc, Tp
ch Khoa Hc, s 5, tp 38, trang 41-53.
[9]. Jiang, M.and Xu, M.(2005), Marketing management - quality schools image management,
Newsletter for teaching the humanities and social sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 104-121.
[10]. Kazoleas, D., Kim, Y., Moffitt, M.(2001), Institutional image: A casestudy,Corporate
Communications An International Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 205216.
[11]. Keller, K.(1993), Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity,
Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, pp. 1-22.
Kotler, P. and Fox, K.(1995), Strategic Marketing for Educational Institutions, New Jersey:Prentice-
Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
[12]. Landrum, R., Turrisi, R., and Harless, C.(1998), University image: the benefits of assessment and
modeling,Journal of Marketing in Higher Education, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 53-68.
[14]. L nh Sn(2010), Ci cch hnh chnh v vn ci tin cc dch v hnh chnh trong trng
i hc,Tp ch khoa hc v cng ngh, i Hc Nng, Vol. 2, No. 37.
[15]. Martnez, L.T., and Garca, B.S.(2009), Modelling university image: the teaching staff view
point,Public Relations Review, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 325327.

11
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

[16]. Mitsis, A. (2007), Antecedents to Student-Brand Equity: Student Brand Loyalty andPerceived
Quality in Higher Education,An international Journal, Volume 8. No. 2, pp. .97-113.
[17]. Mohamad, M., and Awang, Z., (2009), Building Corporate Image and Securing Student Loyalty,
The Journal of International Management Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1.
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intelligence & Planning, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 403-420.
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[20]. Sung, M. and Yang, S.(2008), Toward the model of university image: the influence of brand
personality, external prestige, and reputation, Journal of Public Relation Research, Vol. 20, No. 4,
pp. 357376.
[21]. Tai, D., Wang, J.and Huang, C.E. (2007), The correlation between School Marketing Strategy
and the SchoolImage of Vocational High Schools,The Business Review, Cambridge, Vol. 8, No.2.
[22]. Yan, D.(2000), Design and communicate of modern school image,Journal of Educational Theory
and and Practice, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 28-31.
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Education Review, Vol. 634, pp. 55- 59.

PH LC
Thang o ca cc khi nim nghin cu

Cc khi nim chnh K hiu

Chng trnh hc
Trng cung cp nhng kho hc a dng. CT1
Cc kho hc c cht lng v thng xuyn c cp nht. CT2
Chng trnh hc p ng nhu cu th trng. CT3
Chng trnh hc ph hp vi kh nng tip thu ca sinh vin vi cc kin thc, k nng
CT4
cn thit.
C s vt cht
Trng nm v tr rt thun li. VC1
Trng c y cc phng chc nng chuyn mn cn thit. VC2
Phng hc c trang b y cc thit b h tr qu trnh hc tp v ging dy. VC3
Trng c k tc x phc v cho sinh vin. VC4
Cn tin ca trng p ng y nhu cu n ung ca sinh vin. VC5
Nh trng c h bi, sn bng , sn cu lng phc v tt nhu cu th thao ca sinh vin. VC6
i ng ging vin
Ging vin c kin thc chuyn mn cao trong lnh vc ging dy. GV1
Ging vin c thi thn thin, nhit tnh trong ging dy. GV2

12
 Hnh nh thng hiu . . .

Phng php ging dy linh hot, d hiu, ph hp vi i tng. GV3

i ng ging vin c uy tn v cht lng. GV4
Dch v hnh chnh
Cc th tc hnh chnh n gin, nhanh gn. DV1
Cn b nhn vin phng ban c thi nhit tnh, thn thin. DV2
Cn b nhn vin phng ban lun sn sng h tr v to iu kin thun li cho sinh vin. DV3
Nh trng ng dng cng ngh thng tin vo qun l o to (ng k thi li, ng hc
DV4
ph, thng bo im, thi kho biu) mt cch hiu qu.
C hi ngh nghip
Nh trng c nhng chng trnh vic lm to c hi cho sinh vin thc tp v kim thm
CH1
thu nhp.
Sinh vin tt nghip d dng tm c vic lm ph hp. CH2
Sinh vin c gii thiu ni thc tp ph hp. CH3
Nh trng lun n lc tm kim c hi vic lm v gii thiu vic lm cho sinh vin sau
CH4
khi tt nghip.
Truyn thng
Sinh vin d dng tm nhng thng tin cn thit qua website ca trng. TT1
Nh trng cung cp knh phn hi trc tip ca sinh vin n Ban lnh o trng. TT2
Cc chng trnh qung co ca nh trng dnh cho sinh vin lun thu ht c s quan
TT3
tm.
Cc thng tin c nh trng cung cp hon ton chnh xc phn nh iu kin thc t
TT4
ca trng.
Nh trng thng thc hin cc chng trnh t thin v cng ng. TT5
nh k nh trng thng bo kt qu hc tp, tip thu v phn hi kin ca ph huynh. TT6
i sng x hi
Nh trng lun quan tm n i sng ca sinh vin. XH1
Nh trng thng xuyn t chc cc hot ng ngoi kho nhm gn kt sinh vin. XH2
Cc cu lc b bng , bng bn, cu lng, bi li c thnh lp to sn chi cho sinh
XH3
vin.
Cu lc b anh vn gip sinh vin c c hi giao lu hc hi v t tin hn trong giao tip
XH4
ting Anh.
Nh trng c nhng chng trnh trang b k nng mm cho sinh vin. XH5
Hnh nh trng
Trng c nhiu ngi bit n, c bit trong lnh vc chuyn mn. HA1
Trng c nh gi cao v danh ting v uy tn hc thut trong lnh vc lin quan. HA2
Sinh vin tt nghip t trng lun c nh gi cao. HA3
Trng c thnh tch cao trong lnh vc o to. HA4
Lng trung thnh ca sinh vin
Ti s tip tc s dng dch v ca trng trong tng lai nu c nhu cu. TR1
Ti s gii thiu v trng ny cho nhng ngi khc. TR2
Ti s gii thiu chng trnh hc ca trng cho nhng ngi ti quen bit. TR3
Nu phi la chn trng mt ln na ti vn la chn trng ny. TR4

13
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

CC YU T TC NG N KT QU HC TP CA
SINH VIN CHNH QUY KHOA K TON - TI CHNH -
NGN HNG TRNG I HC KINH T -
K THUT BNH DNG
Nguyn Vn Hu*, Trn Thanh V**, H ng Huy***

TM TT
Cc yu t tc ng n kt qu hc tp ca sinh vin nh kin nh hc tp, cnh tranh hc
tp, gi tr hc tp, ng c hc tp v phng php hc tp c la chn nghin cu. Nghin
cu ny ng thi kim nh s khc bit v tc ng ca cc yu t n kt qu hc tp gia nhm
sinh vin nam v n, gia bc i hc v cao ng v gia sinh vin c h khu thng tr Bnh
Dng v sinh vin tnh khc. Nghin cu chnh thc c thc hin vi kch c mu 803 sinh vin
v s dng cng c SPSS v AMOS nh gi h s tin cy Cronbach alpha, phn tch nhn t
khm ph EFA, phn tch nhn t khng nh CFA v SEM nhm kim nh s ph hp ca thang
o v m hnh nghin cu. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy phng php hc tp v kt hc tp c
gom li thnh mt nhn t l thnh qu hc tp, cc yu t tc ng n thnh qu hc tp trong
m hnh l kin nh hc tp, cnh tranh hc tp, gi tr hc tp, ng c hc tp. Cc yu t trong
m hnh ny gii thch c 62.4% s thay i phng sai ca thnh qu hc tp, cc thang o u
t yu cu v s ph hp ca m hnh nghin cu. Nghin cu ny gip cc nh qun tr cng nh
Ban gim hiu trng a ra quyt nh ph hp nhm t mc tiu nng cao cht lng o to
cung cp dch v gio dc tt nht cho sinh vin, m c th hn l c hi ngh nghip c
m rng i vi h sau ny.

T kha: yu t tc ng, kt qu hc tp, i hc Kinh t - K thut Bnh Dng.

FACTORS AFFECTING REGULAR STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES

OF THE FACULTY OFACCOUNTING - FINANCE BANKING,
BINH DUONG ECONOMICS TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

ABSTRACT
The factors affecting learning outcomes of students such as learning consistency, academic
competition, worth learning, learning motivation and learning methods were selected to research.
This research concurrently tested the differences in the impact of the factors on learning outcomes
between boys and girls student groups, between university and college students, and students with
permanent residence at Binh Dng and other provinces. The final research was done with the
*
ThS.GV. Khoa Qun tr, trng i hc Kinh t - K thut Bnh Dng
**
TS.GVC. Trng i hc Kinh t - K thut Bnh Dng
***
GV. Khoa K ton - Ti chnh - Ngn hng, trng i hc Kinh t - K thut Bnh Dng

14
 Cc yu t . . .
sample size of 803 students, and using SPSS and AMOS tools to assess Cronbach alpha reliability
coefficient, Exploratory Factors Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural
Equation Modeling (SEM) to assert the compatibility of scales and research models. The research
results showed that the learing methods and learning outcomes are constituted one factor is learning
achievement. The factors affecting the learing achievement are learning consistency, academic
competition, worth learning and learning motivation. Elements of this model is explained 62.4% of
the change variance of learning achievement, the scales are satisfactory and the appropriateness
of the research model. This research helps administrators and the board of school to make decisions
appropriate to achieve the goal of improving the quality of training to provide the best educational
services to students, but more specifically it is the careers be extended to students later.

Keywords: impact factors, learning outcomes, Binh Duong Economics and Technology
University

1. TNG QUAN V S CN THIT nhin, phng php ny i hi ngi hc

NGHIN CU
Trong bi cnh hi nhp ngy cng su
rng vo nn kinh t ton cu, Vit Nam ang
l im n u t hp dn i vi cc tp
on kinh t ln trn th gii. tn dng
c c hi ny, bn cnh iu chnh cc
chnh sch thu ht u t hp dn th vic
ch trng v o to ngun nhn lc c cht
lng p ng c yu cu ca x hi l mt
trong nhng trng tm m ng v Nh nc
chng ta rt quan tm trong thi gian qua. Ci
thin cht lng o to l thch thc ang
t ra cho cc c s o to, c bit l cc
trng i hc v cao ng trong c nc.
Nhng kin thc v k nng c c trong
qu trnh hc ti c s o to s phn nh
cht lng o to ca c s . iu ny c
ngha l kt qu hc tp ca SV s phn nh
cht lng o to.
Trng H KT-KT BD l trng ngoi
cng lp hot ng vi mc ch cung cp tri
thc hin i cho x hi. Phng php hc tp
tch cc c nh trng trin khai vo thc
t ging dy cho SV nng cao cht lng
o to. y l phng php hc ph hp
vi xu hng trn th gii ang p dng. Tuy
phi ch ng, sng to, quyt tm v phng
php tip cn ph hp do n cng to ra
mt s kh khn cho nhng SV thiu hoc
cha chun b tt. V vy, cn c cc nghin
cu v nhng yu t nh hng n kt qu
hc tp ca SV, nh yu t ng c hc tp,
kin nh hc tp, gi tr hc tp, cnh tranh
hc tp, phng php hc tp. Mc d c
mt s nghin cu ti Vit Nam v xu hng
ny, tuy nhin cc nghin cu ny c kim
nh trong mi trng khc bit so vi trng
H KT-KT BD nn kt qu nghin cu nu
p dng vo s kh t chnh xc t
nh hng n hiu qu ra quyt nh ca cp
qun l. Thc hin nghin cu Cc yu t
tc ng n kt qu hc tp ca SV chnh
quy khoa KT-TC-NH trng H KT-KT BD
ring cho trng H KT-KT BD nh qun
l c k hoch kch thch cn thit lm tng
hiu qu hc tp cng nh cht lng o to
ca khoa ni ring v trng ni chung.
2. C S L THUYT V M HNH
NGHIN CU
2.1. C s l thuyt
2.1.1. Kt qu hc tp
Kt qu hc tp ca SV l mt khi nim

15
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
c nhiu nh nghin cu v gio dc quan
tm. Kt qu hc tp c nhiu ngi hiu
l kin thc, k nng thu nhn ca SV, y
khng ch l mc tiu ca SV m cn l s
quan tm ca nh trng trong vic cung
cp cho ngi hc kt qu hc tp tt nht.
Kt qu hc tp tt c th hiu rng SV s c
nhiu c hi vic lm khi ra trng, cng nh
pht trin s nghip sau ny.Trong nghin cu
ny s s dng nh ngha, kt qu hc tp ca
SV l nhng nh gi tng qut ca chnh SV
v kin thc v k nng hc thu nhn c
trong qu trnh hc tp cc mn hc c th
ti trng (Young & Ctg, 2003 trch dn t
Nguyn nh Th & Ctg, 2009, tr.325).
2.1.2. ng c hc tp
ng c gip thit lp qu trnh v lm
gia tng cht lng ca qu trnh nhn thc
v iu ny dn n thnh cng (Blumenfeld
& Ctg, 2006).Theo Noe (1986), ng c hc
tp ca SV c nh ngha l lng ham mun
tham d v hc tp nhng ni dung ca mn
hc hay chng trnh hc. ng c hc tp
lm tng kin thc v k nng thu nhn c
ca SV trong qu trnh hc tp, v vy mc
cam kt vo vic tch ly tri thc v ng
dng nhng chin lc hc tp c hiu qu
(Blumenfeld & Ctg, 2006; Nguyn Th Mai
Trang & Ctg, 2008), Do , kt qu hc tp
ca SV cng tng ln.
Gi thuyt H1: C mi quan h dng
gia ng c hc tp v kt qu hc tp ca SV
2.1.3. Kin nh hc tp
Tnh kin nh l mt khi nim tim n
th hin thi ca con ngi thng qua s
cam kt, kim sot v th thch trong cuc
sng (Britt & Ctg, 2001).
Theo Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th
Mai Trang (2011), trong cuc sng cng nh
trong thi gian theo hc i hc, SV thng
gp nhng cng thng trong qu trnh hc tp.
Vi nhng SV c tnh kin nh cao trong
hc tp, h c kh nng kim sot cng thng
trong qu trnh hc tp ca h. Kh nng ny
gip h bin i nhng cng thng trong hc
tp thnh nhng th v ca cuc sng trong
qu trnh hc tp, duy tr v pht trin c
ng c lm nhng g cn lm. Khi SV vt
qua c nhng p lc trong hc tp thng
qua vic gii quyt nhng bi hc, bi tp, d
n v bi thi trn lp, h s cm nhn c vai
tr hng dn ca ging vin cng nh ca
vic hc hi gia bn b vi nhau, t to
ra kt qu hc tp tt.
Gi thuyt H2: C mi quan h dng
gia tnh kin nh hc tp v kt qu hc tp
ca SV.
Gi thuyt H3: C mi quan h dng
gia tnh kin nh hc tp v ng c hc
tp ca SV.
2.1.4. Gi tr hc tp
SV tham gia hc tp trong cc trng
i hc phi hy sinh nhiu th (tin bc, thi
gian, gii tr v.v.) vi k vng thu c nhng
g c gi tr hn cho cuc sng trong tng
lai. Gi tr hc tp c th hin qua k vng
v thnh t trong tng lai (lng, mc tiu
ngh nghip, thng tin) m SV nhn c
khi hc ti mt trng i hc c th no
(Ledden & Ctg, 2007).
K vng thu c gi tr cao hn khi
hon thnh chng trnh hc ti trng nn
SV c xu hng dn tm tr, sc lc v hnh
ng tch cc khi gp kh khn trong hc tp,
t h s c c hi nhn c kt qu hc
tp tt hn.
Gi thuyt H4: C mi quan h dng
gia gi tr hc tp v tnh kin nh hc tp
ca SV.
Gi thuyt H5: C mi quan dng gia
16

gi tr hc tp v ng c hc tp ca SV.
Gi thuyt H6: C mi quan h dng
gia gi tr hc tp v kt qu hc tp ca SV.
2.1.5. Cnh tranh hc tp
Cnh tranh c nhn l mt khi nim ph
bin trong lnh vc tm l hc v l mt khi
nim ng vai tr quan trng trong quan h
x hi con ngi (Houston & Ctg, 2002). SV
cnh tranh trong hc tp cao th hin h c
khao kht thnh cng, khng nh v tr ca
mnh trong x hi, t c th thc y s
kin nh trong hc tp v ng c hc tp
ca SV ln cao nhm t kt qu hc tp tt.
Bn cnh , gi tr hc tp c th c xem
l yu t tc ng n s cnh tranh trong hc
tp ca SV v nu hot ng hc tp c gi tr
th h s n lc t c gi tr cng nhiu
cng tt nhm to ra s vt tri ca mnh so
vi ngi khc.
Gi thuyt H7: C mi quan h dng
gia cnh tranh trong hc tp v tnh kin
nh hc tp ca SV.
Gi thuyt H8: C mi quan h dng
gia cnh tranh trong hc tp v ng c hc
tp ca SV.
2.2. M hnh nghin cu l thuyt
Hnh 1.1. M hnh l thuyt
Cc yu t . . .
Gi thuyt H9: C mi quan h dng
gia gi tr hc tp v cnh tranh trong hc
tp ca SV.
Gi thuyt H10: C mi quan h dng
gia cnh tranh trong hc tp v kt qu hc
tp ca SV.
2.1.6. Phng php hc tp
Phng php hc tp ph hp s gip SV
thu nhn kin thc tt hn. Feldman (2011)
xut h thng hc tp P.O.W.E.R cho
SV nm th nht. H thng hc tp POWER
gm 5 yu t c bn l ch vit tt ca cc t
Prepare (Lp k hoch hc tp), Organize(T
chc hc tp), Work (Thc hin hc tp),
Evaluate (nh gi hc tp) v Rethink (Suy
ngh li).Mt SV c phng php hc tp tt,
tch cc, ch ng v sng to th kt qu hc
tp thu nhn c s cao hn. ng thi, vi
phng php hc tp tt s gip SV t c
hiu qu trong cnh tranh hc tp.
Gi thuyt H11: C mi quan h dng
gia cnh tranh hc tp v phng php hc tp.
Gi thuyt H12: C mi quan h dng
gia phng php hc tp v kt qu hc tp
ca SV.
17
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
2.3. Bin kim sot
2.3.1. Yu t gii tnh
Mt nghin cu ti th trng nc
ngoi cho thy, n c t l t c bng
cp c kt qu hc tp cao hn so vi nam
(Maldilaras, 2002). Nghin cu nya ra
nhng k vng s khc bit gia nam v
n v kt qu hc tp ca SV chnh quy
khoa KT-TC-NH trng H KT-KT BD.
Trong cc k vng sau y u gi nh
mi quan h gia cc yu t nh ng c
hc tp, cnh tranh hc tp, kin nh hc
tp, gi tr hc tp v phng php hc tp
vi kt qu hc tp ca SV n mnh hn
SV nam.
2.3.2. Yu t bc i hc v cao ng
S khc nhau v bc hc cng lm SV c
nhng cm nhn khc nhau v gi tr hc tp,
3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1. Quy trnh nghin cu
Hnh 1.2: Quy trnh nghin cu
hay ni cch khc l gi tr bng cp h nhn
c khi hon thnh chng trnh hc. SV
bc i hc cm nhn v gi tr hc tp ca
h cao hn bc cao ng, t gip h n lc
hc tp t kt qu hc tp tt hn.
2.3.3. H khu thng tr
Nhiu nghin cu a ra nhng kt lun
khc nhau v s khc bit ni c tr ln kt
qu hc tp ca SV. Nghin cu ca Checchi
& Ctg (2000) v Chon (2000) cho rng SV
thnh ph ni c trng i hc SV ang
theo hc c iu kin sng v hc tp tt hn
nn kt qu hc tp cao hn. Nghin cu ti
trng H KT-KT BD a ra k vng rng
SV c h khu thng tr ti Bnh Dng th
hin mi quan h mnh hn gia cc thnh
phn trong m hnh l thuyt so vi SV
Tnh/Thnh ph khc.
18
 Cc yu t . . .

3.2. Thang o loi v tiu chun chn thang o khi n c

C chn (09) khi nim nghin cu c tin cy alpha t .60 tr ln.
s dng trong nghin cu ny trong c 6 Bc th hai, phng php EFA c s
khi nim dng tim n v 3 khi nim dng. Cc bin c trng s nhn t (factor
dng bin quan st. Su khi nim dng tim loading) nh hn .50 trong EFA s tip tc
n gm (1) Kt qu hc tp, (2) kin nh hc b loi. Phng php trch h s s dng l
tp, (3) ng c hc tp, (4) gi tr hc tp, (5) principal axis factoring vi php quay chch
cnh tranh hc tp, (6) phng php hc tp. gc promax v im dng khi trch cc yu
3 khi nim dng bin quan st gm (1) gii t ti eigenvalue bng 1. Thang o c chp
tnh, (2) bc hc i hc v cao ng, (3) h nhn khi tng phng sai trch bng hoc ln
khu thng tr. Tt c cc thang o c o hn 50% v trng s nhn t t .50 tr ln.
lng dng Likert 5 im, trong (1) hon Kt qu Cronbach alpha vi d liu nghin
ton khng ng , (2) khng ng , (3) cu chnh thc u t tin cy. Cc h s
trung ha, (4) ng , (5) hon ton ng . tng quan bin tng u ln hn .30 (nh
3.3. nh gi s b thang o nht l bin DC2 c gi tr .492). Cronbach
Trong bc u tin, h s Cronbach alpha ca cc thang o u cao, nh nht l
alpha c s dng loi cc bin khng ca thang o kt qu hc tp ( = .725). V
ph hp. Cc bin c h s tng quan bin vy cc bin quan st s c s dng trong
tng (item-total correlation) nh hn .30 s b phn tch EFA tip theo.
Bng 1.1: Kt qu phn tch EFA ln 2 vi d liu nghin cu chnh thc
Trng s nhn t
Bin quan st Kin
Gi tr Cnh tranh ng c hc Thnh qu nh hoc
hc tp hc tp tp hc tp tp
GT3 .881
GT2 .865
GT1 .769
GT4 .563
CT3 .891
CT2 .826
CT1 .679
CT4 .547
DC1 .765
DC3 .760
DC2 .736
DC4 .510
KQ1 .752
KQ3 .656
KQ2 .620
PP11 .544
PP12 .526
KD2 .784
KD4 .669
KD1 .600
Eigenvalue 7.464 1.606 1.472 1.372 1.045
Tng phng sai trch 35.07 6.11 5.12 4.52 2.85

19
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

Kt qu phn tch EFA ln 2 c tng phng m hnh thang o. Ring gi tr lin h l

sai trch ca 5 nhn t l 53.7%, phng sai
trch ny ln hn so vi mc tiu chun l
50%. Nh vy cc khi nim trong nghin
cu t yu cu.
4. KIM NH THANG O V M
HNH L THUYT
4.1. Kim nh thang o bng phn tch
CFA v h s tin cy tng hp
Nu mt m hnh nhn c gi tr GFI,
TLI v CFI t 0.9 n 1, RMSEA c gi tr
<0.8 th m hnh ny c xem l ph hp
vi d liu th trng (Nguyn nh Th &
Nguyn Th Mai Trang, 2011).
Cc ch tiu nh gi l (1) h s tin cy
tng hp (composite reliability), (2) tng
phng sai trch c (variance extracted),
(3) tnh n hng (Unidimensionality)1, (4)
gi tr hi t (convergent validity)2, (5) gi tr
phn bit (discriminant validity)3, v (6) gi
tr lin h l thuyt (nomological validity).
Cc ch tiu t 1 n 5 c nh gi trong
Bng 1.2: Trng s CFA ca cc bin quan st chun ha
thuyt c nh gi trong m hnh l thuyt
(Anderson & Gerbing, 1988).
4.1.1. M hnh o lng ti hn
Kim nh s ph hp chung ca m
hnh
M hnh o lng ti hn c 160 bc t
do. Kt qu CFA cho thy m hnh t c
tng thch vi d liu th trng:
2 (160) = 453.988 (P=.000), Chi-square/
df = 2.837 (<3), GFI =.947 (>.90), TLI = .949
(>.90), CFI =.957 (>.90) v RMSEA = .048
(<.08).
Gi tr hi t
Kt qu trong bng 1.4 cho thy, cc trng
s CFA ca bin quan st sau khi chun ha
u ln hn .50 (trng s nh nht l .559 v
ln nht l .851) v cc trng s cha chun
ha theo kt qu x l s liu u c ngha
thng k (P=.000). Nh vy, t kt qu khng
nh cc thang o s dng trong m hnh
nghin cu t gi tr hi t.

Estimate Estimate
KQ3 <--- Thanhquahoctap .666 PP12 <--- Thanhquahoctap .583

KD2 <--- Kiendinhhoctap .756 DC3 <--- Dongcohoctap .753

DC2 <--- Dongcohoctap .719 DC1 <--- Dongcohoctap .705

GT4 <--- Giatrihoctap .698 KD4 <--- Kiendinhhoctap .701

GT1 <--- Giatrihoctap .800 KD1 <--- Kiendinhhoctap .680

GT2 <--- Giatrihoctap .816 DC4 <--- Dongcohoctap .649

GT3 <--- Giatrihoctap .851 CT1 <--- Canhtranhhoctap .776

KQ2 <--- Thanhquahoctap .703 CT2 <--- Canhtranhhoctap .789

KQ1 <--- Thanhquahoctap .713 CT3 <--- Canhtranhhoctap .838

PP11 <--- Thanhquahoctap .559 CT4 <--- Canhtranhhoctap .660

1
Mc ph hp ca m hnh o lng vi d liu th trng cho chng ta iu kin cn v cho tp bin quan st t c tnh n
hng (Steenkamp & van Trijp, 1991). iu ny ch ng khi khng c tng quan gia sai s ca cc bin quan st.
2
Thang o t gi tr hi t nu cc trng s chun ha u cao (>.50) v c ngha thng k (P<5%; Gerbing & Anderson, 1988).
3
Hai khi nim t c gi tr phn bit khi h s tng quan gia chng nh hn 1 (c ngha thng k; Steenkamp & van Trijp, 1991).

20
 Cc yu t . . .

Tnh n hng Nu h s tng quan gia cc khi nim

M hnh tng thch vi d liu th trng khc 1 th khng nh cc thang o trong m
v cc sai s o lng ca cc bin quan st hnh t gi tr phn bit.
khng c tng quan vi nhau, t y khng Kt qu trong bng 1.5 cho thy P-value
nh thang o trong m hnh nghin cu t <0.05 nn h s tng quan tng cp khi
tnh n hng. nim khc bit so vi 1 mc tin cy 95%.
Gi tr phn bit V vy cc khi nim t gi tr phn bit.

Bng 1.3: H s tng quan cc khi nim nghin cu

H s Sai lch chun
tng (SE) CR = P
Mi quan h 1-r
quan SE = SQRT (1-r)/SE -value
(r.) ((1-r^2)/(n-2))
Dongcohoctap <--> Giatrihoctap 0.484 0.031 0.516 16.69 0.000
Dongcohoctap <--> Canhtranhhoctap 0.593 0.028 0.407 14.31 0.000
Giatrihoctap <--> Canhtranhhoctap 0.567 0.029 0.433 14.88 0.000
Kiendinhhoctap <--> Giatrihoctap 0.533 0.030 0.467 15.62 0.000
Kiendinhhoctap <--> Canhtranhhoctap 0.467 0.031 0.533 17.06 0.000
Kiendinhhoctap <--> Dongcohoctap 0.497 0.031 0.503 16.41 0.000
Thanhquahoctap <--> Giatrihoctap 0.-576 0.029 0.424 14.68 0.000
Thanhquahoctap <--> Canhtranhhoctap 0.696 0.025 0.304 11.98 0.000
Thanhquahoctap <--> Kiendinhhoctap 0.617 0.028 0.383 13.77 0.000
Thanhquahoctap <--> Dongcohoctap 0.609 0.028 0.391 13.95 0.000

Kim nh tin cy tng hp v o u t yu cu v tin cy tng hp (c

phng sai trch >0.5). i vi phng sai trch, thang o cnh
tin cy tng hp c4 v phng sai tranh hc tp, ng c hc tp, gi tr hc tp
trch vc5 c tnh trn c s trng s nhn v kin nh hc tp c phng sai trch t
t c lng trong cc m hnh CFA ca cc yu cu (vc >0.50). Ring khi nim thnh
thang o. qu hc tp <0.5 nhng khng qu nh nn
Kt qu trong bng 1.6 cho thy, cc thang chp nhn c.
Bng 1.4: Bng tnh tin cy tng hp v phng sai trch cc khi nim nghin cu
(1- tin cy tng hp Phng sai trch
Khi nim ()2 2
2) (c) (vc)
Cnh tranh hc tp 9.382 1.637 2.363 0.851 0.591
ng c hc tp 7.986 1.998 2.002 0.800 0.501
Gi tr hc tp 10.017 1.483 2.517 0.871 0.629
Kin nh hc tp 4.567 1.475 1.525 0.756 0.508
Thnh qu hc tp 10.394 2.901 2.099 0.782 0.420
Cc thang o nyt gi tr tin cy v c s dng tip theo kim nh m hnh nghin cu.

4
tin cy tng hp (Joreskog, 1971) c tnh theo cng thc sau: =

5
Phng sai trch (Fornell & Larcker, 1981) c tnh theo cng thc sau: =

21
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
4.1.2. iu chnh m hnh nghin cu
Kt qu kim nh cc thang o thng qua
EFA v CFA cho thy, hai khi nim phng
php hc tp v kt qu hc tp v mt l
thuyt l hai khi nim phn bit, nhng v
mt thc tin l mt khi nim n hng v
Hnh 1.3: M hnh nghin cu hiu chnh chnh thc
4.2. Kim nh m hnh l thuyt v gi
thuyt bng SEM
4.2.1. Kim nh m hnh l thuyt chnh
thc
M hnh l thuyt sau khi c hiu chnh
gm 5 khi nim nghin cu: Kin nh hc
tp, cnh tranh hc tp, ng c hc tp, gi
tr hc tp v thnh qu hc tp. Tt c 5 khi
nim ny u l khi nim ph thuc. Kt qu
phn tch cu trc tuyn tnh (hnh 1.5) cho
c gi l Thnh qu hc tp. Thnh qu hc
tp biu th nhng kin thc, k nng, vic
ng dng kin thc hc c, s thch th
trao i hc tp, v nhit tnh trong nghin
cu khoa hc. Trn c s ny, m hnh nghin
cu c iu chnh li, nh sau:
thy m hnh c 160 bc t do vi gi tr thng
k Chi-square l 453.988 (P=.000). Khi iu
chnh vi bc t do CMIN/df th gi tr ny
cho thy m hnh t mc thch hp vi d liu
th trng (2.837 < 3). Thm na, cc ch tiu
nh gi mc ph hp khc t yu cu l
GFI= .947 (>0.9); TLI = 0.949 (>0.9); CFI =
0.957 (>0.9) v RMSEA = 0.048 (<0.08). Nh
vy, c th kt lun m hnh ny thch hp vi
d liu thu thp t th trng.
22
 Cc yu t . . .

Hnh 1.4: Kt qu SEM ca m hnh l thuyt chnh thc (chun ha)

4.2.2. c lng m hnh l thuyt chnh thy, hu ht cc chch khng c ngha

thc bng boostrap
Nghin cu trong trng hp ny s dng
phng php boostrap vi s lng mu lp
li N=1000. Kt qu c lng t 1000 mu
c tnh trung bnh km theo chch cho
thng k (P-value > 0.05). iu ny c ngha
l c lng ban u v c lng bng
boostrap vi 1000 mu vn khng c s khc
bit ng k. V vy, c th kt lun cc c
lng trong m hnh c th tin cy c.

Bng 1.5: Kt qu c lng bng boostrap vi N=1000

ML Boostrap
Mi quan h
Estimate SE SE-SE Mean Bias SE-Bias P-value
Canhtranhhoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.567 0.040 0.001 0.566 -0.001 0.001 0.98
Kiendinhhoctap <--- Canhtranhhoctap 0.243 0.061 0.001 0.245 0.001 0.002 0.99
Kiendinhhoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.395 0.053 0.001 0.395 0.000 0.002 1.00
Dongcohoctap <--- Canhtranhhoctap 0.411 0.049 0.001 0.412 0.001 0.002 0.98
Dongcohoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.124 0.054 0.001 0.121 -0.002 0.002 0.97
Dongcohoctap <--- Kiendinhhoctap 0.239 0.059 0.001 0.242 0.003 0.002 0.96
Thanhquahoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.116 0.050 0.001 0.112 -0.004 0.002 0.94
Thanhquahoctap <--- Kiendinhhoctap 0.283 0.055 0.001 0.288 0.005 0.002 0.93
Thanhquahoctap <--- Canhtranhhoctap 0.392 0.056 0.001 0.392 0.000 0.002 1.00
Thanhquahoctap <--- Dongcohoctap 0.179 0.058 0.001 0.177 -0.002 0.002 0.97

23
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

Ghi ch: ML: Gi tr c lng ML; 10 gi thuyt trong m hnh l thuyt

Mean: Trung bnh c lng boostrap; SE: chnh thc u c chp nhn (P-Value
Sai lch chun; SE-SE: Sai lch chun ca <0.05, bng 1.8), iu ny c ngha cc khi
sai lch chun; BS: chch; SE-Bias: Sai nim nghin cu trong m hnh c quan h
lch chun ca chch vi nhau v tc ng thun chiu vi nhau
4.2.3. Kim nh gi thuyt trong m (cc h s c lng u dng).
hnh l thuyt chnh thc
Bng 1.6: H s hi quy chun ha ca cc mi quan h

c lng
Gi thuyt Mi quan h se 1-r cr P -value
(r.)
H1 Thanhquahoctap <--- Dongcohoctap 0.179 0.035 0.821 23.617 0.000
H2 Thanhquahoctap <--- Kiendinhhoctap 0.283 0.034 0.717 21.157 0.000
H3 Dongcohoctap <--- Kiendinhhoctap 0.239 0.034 0.761 22.181 0.000
H4 Kiendinhhoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.395 0.032 0.605 18.638 0.000
H5 Dongcohoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.124 0.035 0.876 24.985 0.000
H6 Thanhquahoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.116 0.035 0.884 25.189 0.000
H7 Kiendinhhoctap <--- Canhtranhhoctap 0.243 0.034 0.757 22.087 0.000
H8 Dongcohoctap <--- Canhtranhhoctap 0.411 0.032 0.589 18.286 0.000
H9 Canhtranhhoctap <--- Giatrihoctap 0.567 0.029 0.433 14.877 0.000
H10 Thanhquahoctap <--- Canhtranhhoctap 0.392 0.033 0.608 18.705 0.000

Ghi ch: se: sai lch chun, cr: gi tr ti hn

Thnh qu hc tp trong m hnh ph kin nh hc tp, ng c hc tp, thnh qu

thuc vo 4 yu t l cnh tranh hc tp,
gi tr hc tp, ng c hc tp v kin nh
hc tp. Trong 4 yu t ny th mi quan h
gia cnh tranh hc tp v thnh qu hc tp
cao nht tng ng .392, tip n l quan h
gia kin nh hc tp v thnh qu hc tp
tng ng .283, mi quan h gia ng c
hc tp v gi tr hc tp vi thnh qu hc
tp tng ng l .179 v .116. Bn yu t
cnh tranh hc tp, kin nh hc tp, ng c
hc tp v gi tr hc tp gii thch gn 62.4%
phng sai ca thnh qu hc tp (hay gii
thch c 62.4% s bin thin ca m hnh).
Gi tr hc tp l ng vai tr l bin
c lp tc ng n cc bin ph thuc nh
hc tp v cnh tranh hc tp tng ng vi
cc gi thuyt H4, H5, H6 v H9 trong m
hnh l thuyt chnh thc. Cc gi thuyt ny
u c chp nhn cho thy tm quan
trng ca yu t gi tr hc tp n cc yu t
khc trong m hnh trong c yu t thnh
qu hc tp. Tuy mc nh hng trc tip
n thnh qu ca gi tr hc tp thp hn
cc yu t cn li, nhng mc nh hng
gin tip n thnh qu hc tp thng qua
mi quan h rt mnh vi cnh tranh hc tp
(.567) v kin nh hc tp (.395). V vy,
khi SV cm nhn c gi tr ca vic hc
ti trng cng cao th kt qu hc tp ca
SV s tng theo.

24
 Cc yu t . . .
Bng 1.7: Tm tt kt qu kim nh cc gi thuyt
Kt qu
Pht biu
kim nh
H1 C mi quan h dng gia ng c hc tp v thnh qu hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H2 C mi quan h dng gia tnh kin nh hc tp v thnh qu hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H3 C mi quan h dng gia tnh kin nh hc tp v ng c hc tp ca SV. Chp nhn
H4 C mi quan h dng gia gi tr hc tp v tnh kin nh hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H5 C mi quan h dng gia gi tr hc tp v ng c hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H6 C mi quan h dng gia gi tr hc tp v thnh qu hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H7 C mi quan h dng gia cnh tranh trong hc tp v tnh kin nh hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H8 C mi quan h dng gia cnh tranh trong hc tp v ng c hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H9 C mi quan h dng gia gi tr hc tp v cnh tranh trong hc tp ca SV Chp nhn
H10 C mi quan h dng gia cnh tranh trong hc tp v thnh qu hc tp ca SV Chp nhn

4.3. Kim nh k vng s khc bit n thnh qu hc tp gia SV Bnh Dng

Khng c s khc bit trong mi nh v SV Tnh.
hng gia yu t ng c hc tp, kin nh C s khc bit trong mi nh hng
hc tp, cnh tranh hc tp, gi tr hc tp n gia ng c hc tp, gi tr hc tp, kin
thnh qu hc tp gia SV bc i hc v bc nh hc tp, cnh tranh hc tp n thnh
cao ng. qu hc tp gia nhm SV nam v nhm SV
Khng c s khc bit trong mi nh n. Khi xt h s kt qu hi qui cha chun
hng gia yu t ng c hc tp, kin nh ha, c 4 k vng trong m hnh theo gii
hc tp, cnh tranh hc tp, gi tr hc tp tnh c chp nhn.
Bng 1.8: Tm tt cc k vng c chp nhn
P3 Mi quan h gia kin nh hc tp vi ng c hc tp ca SV n s mnh Chp nhn
hn SV nam
P4 Mi quan h gia gi tr hc tp vi kin nh hc tp ca SV n s mnh hn Chp nhn
SV nam
P6 Mi quan h gia gi tr hc tp vi thnh qu hc tp ca SV n s mnh hn Chp nhn
SV nam
P9 Mi quan h gia gi tr hc tp vi cnh tranh hc tp ca SV n s mnh Chp nhn
hn SV nam

4.4. Kt lun v hm gii php v b sung chng cho ph hp vi iu kin

4.4.1. Kt qu o lng
Cc kt qu v o lng trong nghin cu
ny cho thy cc thang o c xy dng v
kim nh trn th trng quc t v Vit Nam
c th s dng cho nghin cu ng dng ti
trng H KT-KT BD thng qua iu chnh
ca nh trng. Kt qu cc o lng trong
ti ny: (1) Xt v mt nghin cu gp
phn kch thch cc nghin cu tip theo iu
chnh, b sung v s dng cho cc nghin cu
tip theo trong lnh vc ny; (2) Xt v mt
thc tin, cc thang o ny gip lnh o nh

25
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
trng nh gi cm nhn ca SV v cc yu
t nh ng c hc tp, gi tr hc tp, cnh
tranh hc tp, kin nh hc tp v thnh qu
hc tp.
4.4.2. Kt qu m hnh l thuyt
Kt qu SEM cho thy m hnh l thuyt
t c tng thch vi d liu th trng
v 10 gi thuyt trong m hnh u c chp
nhn. Mt cch tng qut, gi tr hc tp,
ng c hc tp, kin nh hc tp, cnh tranh
hc tp gii thch c 62.4% thnh qu hc
tp ca SV. Trong bn yu t trn th cnh
tranh hc tp l yu t tc ng mnh nht
n thnh qu hc tp ca SV ( = 0.392),
tip n l kin nh hc tp ( = 0.283), ng
c hc tp ( = 0.179) v gi tr hc tp ( =
0.116). Tuy tc ng trc tip n thnh qu
hc tp thp nht nhng gi tr hc tp li tc
ng gin tip rt mnh n thnh qu hc tp
thng qua mc nh hng ln cc yu t khc
, c bit l cnh tranh hc tp ( = 0.567).
iu ny cho thy gi tr hc tp l mt yu t
quan trng m nh trng cn phi quan tm
nhiu t gip SV c c thnh qu
hc tp tt hn. C 10 gi thuyt trong m
hnh u c chp nhn, mt cch tng qut
cho thy mi quan h cht ch gia cc yu t
ny, thm na mi quan h dng trong cc
gi thuyt c chp nhn a n kt lun l
vic ci thin cc yu t cnh tranh hc tp,
gi tr hc tp, kin nh hc tp v ng c
hc tp u lm cho thnh qu hc tp ca SV
tng ln.
Phn tch a nhm kim nh s khc
bit theo cc bin kim sot nh gii tnh, bc
hc v h khu thng tr cho thy mt s
im ni bt:
Mi quan h gia cc bin trong m hnh
c s khc nhau gia nhm SV nam v SV
n. Trong 10 k vng t P1-P10 th cc mi
quan h kin nh hc tp v ng c hc tp
(P3); gi tr hc tp v kin nh hc tp (P4);
Gi tr hc tp v thnh qu hc tp (P6); Gi
tr hc tp v cnh tranh hc tp (P9) nhm
SV n mnh hn SV nam, trong khi cc
mi quan h cn li trong m hnh th SV nam
mnh hn.
Kim nh cc k vng theo bin kim
sot bc hc v h khu thng tr cho thy
khng c s khc bit trong mi nh hng
ca cc nhm n cc mi quan h trong m
hnh l thuyt. iu ny c ngha mi quan h
gia cc khi nim nh ng c hc tp, gi
tr hc tp, cnh tranh hc tp, kin nh hc
tp v thnh qu hc tp khng c s khc
nhau gia nhm SV bc i hc v bc cao
ng v gia SV Bnh Dng v SV Tnh.
4.4.3. Hm gii php
Thnh qu hc tp ca SV l mt khi
nim quan trng nh gi cht lng u
ra ca mt trng i hc. Trong nghin cu
ny cho thy thnh qu hc tp cao hay
thp ph thuc vo mc nh hng ca cc
yu t ng c hc tp, gi tr hc tp, cnh
tranh hc tp v kin nh hc tp. Di y
chng ti a ra mt s khuyn ngh nh sau:
Trong m hnh nghin cu cho thy
gi tr hc tp l mt bin quan trng tc ng
n cc bin cn li. Gi tr hc tp tc ng
c v trc tip v gin tip n thnh qu hc
tp, mc tc ng trc tip nh nhng
gin tip tc ng thng qua cnh tranh hc
tp, kin nh hc tp rt cao. Gi tr hc tp
cho thy sinh vin s cnh tranh hc tp v
kin nh hc tp cao hn khi h cm nhn
c gi tr ca tm bng h nhn c ti
trng cao v vic u t hc ti trng l
xng ng th thnh qu hc tp ca SV s
cao tng ng. Do nh trng cn phi
khng ngng u t cho thng hiu nh
26

trng thng qua c hai gii php v dch
v gio dc v truyn thng marketing cho
thng hiu ca trng nng tm v th
ca trng. Bn cnh vic nng cao k
nng cho SV h c th thch ng tt vi
mi trng lm vic thc t l mt vic nn
cn u t v xc tin mnh m.
Nh trng cn phi to ra mi trng
thi ua hc tp nhiu hn nh thng qua cc
cuc thi gia cc SV h th hin c ti
nng v tng cng cnh tranh hc tp gia
cc SV vi nhau. Cc gi tr phn thng nh
gii thng cuc thi, gi tr hc bng v nhiu
phn thng lin quan khc cng l mt gii
php t gia tng cnh tranh hc tp ca SV.
Nh trng cn c s quan tm n SV
mt cch ng b khng ch trong hc tp m
cn lin quan n cc vn cuc sng bn
ngoi nhm gip sinh vin kin nh trong
hc tp. SV lun i din vi rt nhiu kh
khn trong cuc sng v hc tp khi xa nh,
c bit l SV nm 1 hoc 2, bn cnh k
nng sng cn hn ch nh hng n kh
nng gii quyt vn khi gp s c. V vy
vic pht hin, h tr v hng dn cch gii
quyt kh khn ca SV l iu rt quan trng
SV c thnh qu hc tp cao hn.
Khi cc yu t gi tr hc tp, cnh tranh
hc tp v kin nh hc tp c nng cao
th dn n ng c hc tp ca SV tng cao
ln. Khi SV s u t ti a cho vic hc
v xem vic hc l u tin hng u ca h,
v theo thnh qu hc tp s cao.
Ging vin cng l mt thnh phn quan
trng trong vic nng cao thnh qu hc tp
ca SV. Vic theo di tnh hnh hc tp, to
Cc yu t . . .
s hng say v hng th hc tp cho SV rt
quan trng. Nghin cu cho thy, SV cho rng
thch th tranh lun vi ging vin v tch cc
nghin cu khoa hc l thnh qu hc tp hn
l phng php hc tp. Thng qua nghin
cu, khuyn ngh ging vin cn c cch tip
cn SV ch ng hn v to cho h cm gic
gn gi t SV c th mnh dn trnh by
nhng vn lin quan n hc tp t SV
mi c thnh qu hc tp tt.
4.4.4. Hn ch v hng nghin cu tip
theo
Th nht, nghin cu ch c thc hin
vi SV khoa KT-TC-NH nn vn c th c
s khc bit khi nghin cu cho SV cc khoa
khc trong trng. Bn cnh nghin cu
mi ch xem xt SV bc i hc v cao ng
chnh quy nhng cha cp n SV thuc
cc bc hc khc trong nh trng. V vy,
vic nghin cu cho SV thuc tt c i tng
trong trng s gip tng tnh khi qut cho
m hnh nghin cu, v y cng c th l
mt hng nghin cu m rng tip theo.
Th hai, nghin cu ny ch xem xt mt
s yu t nh ng c hc tp, kin nh hc
tp, cnh tranh hc tp, gi tr hc tp nh
hng n thnh qu hc tp ca SV. Cn
nhiu yu t khc c kh nng lm tng thnh
qu hc tp ca SV nh cc yu t thuc v
nng lc tm l nh tnh lc quan, t tin v
hiu qu, hy vng v.v.. hoc mt s yu t
khc nh chng trnh ging dy, cht lng
ging vin, c s vt cht v.v..y cng l
mt hng nghin cu m rng tng tnh
khi qut cho nghin cu.
27
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Le Van Chon (2000), Determinants of Enrollments in Vietnams secondary education. MA thesis.
Ho Chi Minh: University of Economics.
[2]. Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2005), Cnh tranh c nhn v xu hng tiu dng
thng hiu quc t ca ngi Vit, B2005-22-86: Trng H Kinh t TPHCM.
[3]. Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2011), Nghin cu khoa hc Marketing: ng
[4]. Anderson JC & Gerbing DW (1988), Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and
recommended two-step approach, Psychological Bulletin, 103(3): 411-23.
[5]. Britt TW, Alder AB & Barton PT (2001), Deriving benefis from stressful events: The role of
engagement in meaningful work and hardiness, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6,
53-63.
[6]. Blumenfeld PC, Kempler TM & Krajcik JS (2006), Chapter 28: Motivation and cognitive
engagement in learning environment, The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences, Sawyer
(ed), Cambridge: Cambridge Uni Press, 475-88.
[7]. Checchi, D., Franzoni, F., Ichino, A. and Rustichini, A. (2000), College Choice and Academic
Performance, version of paper prepare for the conference on Politiche pubbliche per il lavoro in
Pavia.
[8]. Feldman R.S (2011), Understanding Psychology. 10thed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[9]. Fornell C & Lacker DF (1981), Evaluating structural equation models with unobserverd variables
and measurement error, Journal of Marketing Research, 28(1): 39-50.
[10]. Gerbing WD & Anderson JC (1988), an update paradigm for scale development, Journal of
Marketing Research, 25(2): 186-92.
[11]. Houston JM, McIntire SA, Kinnie J & Terry C (2002), A factorial analysis of scales measuring
competitiveness, Educational Psychological Measurement, 62(2): 284-98.
[12]. Joreskog KG (1971), Statistical analysis of sets of congeneric tests, Psychometrica, 36(2): 109-33.
[13]. Joreskog KG (1974), Analysing psychological data by structural analysis of covariance matrices,
trong Krantz DH, Atkinson RC, Luce RD & Supes P (eds) Contemporary Developments in
Mathematical Psychological, 2:1-56.
[14]. Ledden L, Kalafatis SP & Samouel P (2007), The relationship between personal values and
perceived value of education, Journal of Business Research, 60: 965-74.
[15]. Maldilaras, A. (2002), Industrial Placement and Degree Performance: Evidence from a British
Higher Institution. University of Surrey.
[16]. Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2009), Nghin cu khoa hc trong qun tr kinh
doanh. TPHCM: Nh xut bn Thng K.
dng m hnh cu trc tuyn tnh SEM. HCM: Nh xut bn Lao ng.
[17]. Noe RA (1986), Trainees attributes and attitudes: Neglected influences on training effectiveness,
Academy of Management Review, 11, 376-49.
[18]. Steenkamp J-BEM & van Trijp HCM (1991), The use of LISREL in validating marketing constructs,
International Journal of Research in Marketing, 8 (4): 283-99.

28
 Nghin cu cc yu t . . .

NGHIN CU CC YU T TC NG N QUAN H LAO NG

TI CC DOANH NGHIP TRONG KHU CNG NGHIP
SNG THN 1, TNH BNH DNG
Bi Thanh Nhn*
TM TT
Nghin cu ny nhm nghin cu cc yu ttc ng trc tip n quan h lao ng ti
cc doanh nghip trong khu cng nghip (KCN) Sng Thn 1, tnh Bnh Dng. Nghin cu c
thc hin vi 50 doanh nghip trong KCN Sng Thn 1 vi 250 phiu c pht ra. Thang o c
kim nh bng h s tin cy Cronbach Alpha, phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA v kim nh m
hnh nghin cu bng phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh bi qua phn mm SPSS. Kt qu cho thy quan
ly nha nc, vn hoa quc gia cua cac doanh nghip, Mi trng phap ly, tac phong va y thc cua
ngi la ng, nhn thc v phap lut cua DN, vai tro cua t chc cng oan c mt nh hng
quan h lao ng. T a ra mt s hm chnh sch.

T kha: yu t tc ng, quan h lao ng, doanh nghip, khu cng nghip Sng Thn 1.

IMPACTING FACTORS TOWARD LABORRELATIONS OFTHE BUSINESS

IN SONG THAN 1 INDUSTRIAL PARK, BINH DUONG PROVINCE

ABSTRACT
This study aims to study the factors that directly affect labor relations in business in Song
Than 1, Binh Duong Province. A study was conducted with 50 business in Song Than 1 industrial
parkwith 250 votes. Cronbach Alpha is used for reliability, EFA for testing research model,correlation
and linear regression analysis through SPSS. The results show that the management of govement,
national culture of the business, legal environment, behavior and consciousness of the dynamic la,
awareness of the company law, the role of trade union organizations have affectted labor relations.
Since give some policy implications.

Keywords: impacting factors, labor relations, business, Song Than 1 industrial park.

* Thc s, Lin on Lao ng tnh Bnh Dng. Email:buithanhnhan74@yahoo.com.vn

29
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
1. GII THIU
Bnh Dng nm trong vng kinh t pht
trin nng ng, vi nhng chnh sch thu
ht u t thng thong, mi trng u t
thun li. Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng thnh
tu t c th tnh hnh quan h lao ng
(QHL) trong cc doanh nghip (DN) trn
a bn tnh ni chung, trong cc khu cng
nghip (KCN) tp trung ni ring v ang
ny sinh nhiu vn phc tp trong QHL
nh tranh chp lao ng tp th (TTLTT),
nh cng khng theo trnh t, th tc quy
nh, tnh hnh trn c chiu hng ngy
cng din bin phc tp v s lng v tnh
cht, tc ng tiu cc n hot ng
sn xut kinh doanh ca DN, vic lm, thu
nhp, i sng ca ngi lao ng (NL),
mi trng thu ht u t v tnh hnh an
ninh, trt t x hi. Trong s cc KCN ang
hot ng trn a bn tnh, KCN Sng Thn
1 c hnh thnh sm nht, c vai tr dn
dt v l ng lc quan trng trong vic
hnh thnh, pht trin cc KCN, c ng gp
rt ln vo thnh tu pht trin kinh t x
hi ca tnh. Khu cng nghip Sng thn 1
nm a bn gip ranh vi cc KCN ca
Thnh ph H Ch Minh v tnh ng Nai
nn thi gian qua tnh hnh QHL lun din
bin phc tp, chu s tc ng ly lan, lm
nh hng n tnh hnh QHL cc KCN
xung quanh v tnh hnh QHL trn a bn
ton tnh. Vy, lm th no n nh c
tnh hnh QHL, khng lm gim tnh cnh
tranh ca DN v nh hng n mi trng
thu ht u t trong bi cnh hi nhp quc
t ngy cng su rng m vn bo v c
quyn li hp php, chnh ng ca NL?
u l nhng yu t tc ng n quan h
lao ng? l mt vn ng c quan tm
nghin cu.
2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Phng php nghin cu bao gm phng
php nghin cu nh tnh v phng php
nghin cu nh lng. Phng php nh
tnh: thc hin thng qua k thut phng vn
su v tho lun nhm tp trung lm r
cc khi nim, xy dng bng cu hi kho
st ph hp cho thang o. Phng php nh
lng: Nghin cu chnh thc c thc
hin thng qua k thut kho st trc tip
50 doanh nghip vi 250 phiu c pht ra
nhm kim nh thang o v m hnh nghin
cu l thuyt. Thang o c kim nh s
b bng h s tin cy Cronbach Alpha, phn
tch nhn t khm ph EFA v kim nh
chnh thc bng phng trnh hi quy tuyn
tnh bi.
3. TNG QUAN C S L THUYT
3.1. Cc nghin cu v quan h lao ng
3.1.1. M hnh nghin cu Dunlop(1985)
Theo Dunlop, cc ch th phi lin h nhau
bi mt h t tng chung, tc l mt s quan
nim c cc bn chp nhn v chia s. Chnh
t tng chung ny to c s cho mt h thng
thng lng tp th, nh gii quyt m p
cc mu thun v quyn li gia cc bn. Kt
qu u ra ca m hnh c Dunlop gi l
mt tp hp cc nguyn tc v quyn v trch
nhim ca cc ch th. Chng bao gm nhng
quy tc v ni dung, l c s cho mi quan h
tng tc gia cc bn hay cc quy tc v quy
trnh, tc l cch thc thc hin quan h ny.
Da trn khung tiu ch m ngi ta x l
cc tnh hung c th.
30

3.1.2. M hnh ca Petit (1993)
Theo Petit, cc yu t thuc mi trng
bn ngoi hoc bn trong s tc ng ti cc
hot ng din ra trong QHL, t dn ti
nhng kt qu nht nh. Sau , chnh nhng
kt qu tch cc hay tiu cc ny li tc ng
tr li mi trng, tc ng ti u vo cc
Nghin cu cc yu t . . .
hot ng. tm c gii php tha ng
cho vn ny cn phi lm sao cho mi bn
c quyn lc gn nh nhau. Chnh mi quan h
cn bng lc lng v i u nh vy m xut
hin cc quy tc tha thun. Trn c s nhng
li ch chung, cc bn cui cng s tm c
ting ni chung v gii quyt mu thun li ch.
31
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
3.1.3. M hnh ca V Vit Hng (2004)
Cn c vao m hinh Petit (1993), Vu Vit Hng (2004) a a m hinh nh sau:
Theo m hinh nay nu mi trng thun
li; cc bn c thin ch, hiu bit, tun th
php lut v cc tha thun tp th; DN c
nhng chnh sch ng vin thch ng
th s hn ch c bt mn, khiu ni, tranh
chp, nh cng. T to iu kin thun li
DN t c nhng mc tiu c bn ca
qun tr ngun nhn lc l nng sut, hiu qu
v cng bng. Mt khi nng sut,hiu qu cao
th DN c iu kin tch ly, pht trin sn
xut, tng thu nhp cho NL v h cng hi
lng. Cc DN n nh v pht trin th nn
kinh t mi tng trng v vng mnh c.
T , mi trng bn ngoi, bn trong cng
thun li, cc bn cng thin ch, cng hiu
nhau v tun th tt cc tha thun v quy
nh php lut. C th ni l mt chui
quan h nhn qu tch cc m cc bn trong
quan h lao ng u nhm ti.
3.1.2. Cc gi thuyt v m hnh nghin
cu xut
T m hnh ly thuyt cua Andre Petit
(1993), Vu Vit Hng (2004), m hinh nghin
cu xut nh sau:
32

kim nh m hnh trn, cc gi thuyt
c t ra nh sau:
Gi thuyt H1: Mi trng phap ly tc
ng cng chiu vi s hai hoa QHL
Gi thuyt H2: Cng tc qun l nh nc
v lao ng tc ng cng chiu vi QHL
Gi thuyt H3: Vn hoa quc gia cua cac
DN tc ng cng chiu vi QHL
Gi thuyt H4: Nhn thc v php lut
L cua DN tc ng cng chiu vi QHL
Gi thuyt H5: Trnh , tc phong, thc
ca NL tc ng cng chiu vi QHL
Gi thuyt H6: Vai tro cua t chc cng
oan tac ng cung chiu vi QHL
4. THIT K NGHIN CU V O
LNG
4.1. Mu nghin cu v thu thp d liu
Nghin cu ny c tin hnh thng qua
hai bc: (1) nghin cu nh tnh nhm iu
chnh v b sung cc thang o, (2) nghin
cu nh lng nhm thu thp, phn tch d
liu kho st, cng nh kim nh thang o,
kim nh m hnh nghin cu l thuyt v
Yu t
Mi trng phap ly
Cng tc qun l nh nc vlao ng
Vn hoa quc gia cua cac doanh nghip
Nhn thc v php lut lao ng cua DN
Tc phong v thc ca ngi L
Vai tro cua t chc cng oan
Quan h lao ng
5. KT QU NGHIN CU
5.1. c im ca mu nghin cu
Nghin cu c kho st bng bng cu
hi, trong bao gm 29 bin quan st v mt
s cu hi c trng. Da vo kt qu xy
dng cc thang o v tin hnh thit k bng
Nghin cu cc yu t . . .
cc gi thuyt. Nghin cu c thc hin
ti DN trong khu cng nghip Sng Thn 1,
Tnh Bnh Dng. Sau khi hon tt bng cu
hi, bc th nghim c tin hnh c
c bng cu hi tt hn so vi mc tiu
ra. Bng cu hi cng c s gp ca
chuyn gia trong lnh vc QHL. Tip n
tin hnh kho st th vi 30 ngi. Sau
tin hnh pht 250 phiu iu tra thu
v t 50 DN c chn kho st (gm 20
DN vn trong nc, 30 DN vn FDI). i
tng kho st l nhng ngi i din cho
ba nhm: ngi s dng lao ng (NSDL)
100 phiu; NL 100 phiu; cn b cng
on 50 phiu. Sau qu trnh phn tch, loi
b li sai st v khng t yu cu, kt qu
thu c 186 mu hp l.
4.2. Xy dng thang o
c xy dng v hiu chnh thng qua
phng php nh tnh, tho lun chuyn
gm 4 i tng (giam c DN tai KCN
Song Thn, Chu tich cng oan c s, cac
nha khoa hoc).
Ngun gc
Andre Petit (1993)
Andre Petit (1993)
Vu Vit Hng (2004)
Vu Vit Hng (2004)
Vu Vit Hng (2004)
Vu Vit Hng (2004)
Andre Petit (1993)
cu hi hon chnh phc v cho cng tc
thu thp thng tin trong phn nghin cu nh
lng. Bng cu hi s dng thang o Likert
5 khong cch.
5.2. Kim nh h s tin cy Cronbach
Alpha
33
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

Bin c h s tng quan bin - tng nh ln (Nunnally & Burnstein, 1994). Kt qu

hn 0.40 s b loi. Tiu chun chn thang Cronbach Alpha ca 7 khi nim. Sau y l
o c tin cy Cronbach Alpha t 0.6 tr kt qu phn tchCronbachs Alpha.
Thnh phn Gi tr Cronbachs Alpha
Mi trng phap ly 0.878
Cng tc qun l nh nc v lao ng 0.885
Vn hoa quc gia cua cac doanh nghip 0.917
Nhn thc v php lut lao ng cua DN 0.896
Tc phong v thc ca ngi L 0.880
Vai tro cua t chc cng oan 0.886
Quan h lao ng 0.646

5.3. Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA c xem l mc ti thiu, ln hn 0.4 c

Sau khi kim tra tin cy ca thang o,
28 bin quan st tiu chun s dng tip
cho qu trnh nghin cu. Phn tch nhn t
khm ph c tin hnh theo phng php
trch yu t Principal Component Analysis
vi php xoay Varimax.Theo Hair v cng s,
Factor loading l ch tiu m bo mc ngha
thit thc ca EFA. Factor loading ln hn 0.3
xem l quan trng, ln hn 0.5 c xem l c
ngha thit thc. Factor loading ca cc bin
quan st phi ln hn hoc bng 0.5. Chn
mc ti thiu 0.5 m bo ngha thit thc
ca EFA. Ngoi ra, h s Eigenvalue ln hn
1, nu nh hn 1 s b khi m hnh nghin cu
v tng phng sai trch ln hn 50% (Gerbing
& Anderson, 1988).

Yu t
1 2 3 4 5 6
VTCD1 0.908 0.104 0.107 0.084 0.016 -0.021
VTCD2 0.85 0.132 0.081 0.046 -0.091 -0.124
VTCD3 0.803 0.072 0.047 0.075 0.022 -0.008
VTCD4 0.741 0.084 0.157 0.016 0.165 0.41
VTCD5 0.716 0.014 0.093 0.119 0.112 0.378
MTPL3 0.106 0.851 0.069 0.119 0.079 -0.052
MTPL1 -0.036 0.801 0.064 0.139 0.242 0.206
MTPL2 0.086 0.8 0.179 0.137 0.091 -0.023
MTPL4 0.133 0.755 0.266 0.058 0.136 0.168
MTPL5 0.136 0.645 0.186 0.167 0.205 0.026
QLNN2 0.077 0.207 0.84 0.18 0.032 -0.13
QLNN3 0.103 0.096 0.804 0.148 0.034 0.398
QLNNI4 0.139 0.125 0.772 0.141 0.078 0.425
QLNN1 0.099 0.24 0.736 0.275 0.07 -0.165

34
 Nghin cu cc yu t . . .

QLNN5 0.108 0.157 0.683 0.291 -0.005 0.058

NTPL3 0.074 0.137 0.142 0.866 0.033 -0.006
NTPL4 0.125 0.169 0.256 0.817 0.107 0.084
NTPL2 0.137 0.144 0.23 0.812 0.117 -0.107
NTPL1 -0.01 0.121 0.218 0.801 0.13 0.132
TPYT2 0.038 0.144 0.043 0.089 0.865 0.002
TPYT3 0.013 0.109 -0.024 0.086 0.835 0.147
TPYT4 0.064 0.106 0.073 0.133 0.82 0.21
TPYT1 0.012 0.281 0.062 0.037 0.799 0.08
VHDN1 0.089 0.058 0.018 -0.009 0.174 0.889
VHDN2 0.082 0.118 0.144 0.045 0.18 0.874

Kim nh EFA thang o cc yu t tc t anh hng n QHL khng c g thay i

ng n QHL vi tp hp 25 bin, cho thy
c 6 nhm yu t c trch ti eigenvalue l
1.252 v phng sai trch l 75.268% t yu
cu (>50%), ng thi h s KMO= 0.798
cng t yu cu (>0.5), chng t phn tch
nhn t nhm cc bin li l rt thch hp
(Xem thm ph lc 6).
Sau khi phn tch v nh gi bng hai
cng c h s tin cy Cronbach Alpha v phn
tch nhn t khm ph EFA, thang o cac yu
6 thnh phn v 25 bin quan st.
5.4. Kt qu phn tch hi quy
Sau khi tm ra cc nhn t tc ng n
QHL ca doanh nghip bng phn tch
Cronbach Alpha v phn tch nhn t khm
ph EFA, cc nhn t tip tc a vo m
hnh hi quy bi phn tch, xc nh c th
trng s ca tng yu t tc ng n QHL
cua doanh nghip.

R H s R2 H s R2 iu chnh Sai s chun

1 .754a 0.569 0.554 0.29699

H s hi H s hi qui t Sig.
qui khng chun ha a cng tuyn
chun ha
Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
Hng s 1.186 0.185 6.41348 0.00
MTPL 0.108 0.03 0.202 3.36 0.001 0.70 1.4
QLNN 0.190 0.04 0.297 4.69 0.000 0.63 1.6
VHDN 0.150 0.03 0.247 4.45 0.000 0.82 1.2
NTPL 0.074 0.04 0.124 2.04 0.043 0.69 1.5
TPYT 0.102 0.03 0.173 3.03 0.003 0.77 1.3
VTCD 0.080 0.04 0.123 2.27 0.024 0.86 1.2

35
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

Bng trn cho thy m hnh c h s R2
iu chnh (Adjusted R Square) l 0.554.
Nh vy, cc yu t trong m hnh nghin
cu gii thch c 55,4% tc ng n
QHL ca doanh nghip cn li 44,6 % l
do cc yu t khc ngoi m hnh gii thch.
Kim nh n nh m hnh hi qui cho
thy cc h s hi qui (Beta) khng b bin
thin. Ngoi ra, h s VIF<10 nn cc yu t
khng c hin tng a cng tuyn. V vy
phn tch hi qui l ph hp. Ta c phng
trnh hi quy nh sau:
QHL = 1.186 + 0.202 * MTPL + 0.297
* QLNN + 0.247 * VHDN + 0.124 * NTPL+
0.173 * TPYT + 0.123 * VTCD
Ghi ch: Mi trng php l (MTPL),
Qun l nh nc (QLNN), Vn ha doanh
nghip (VHDN), Nhn thc php lut (NTPL),
Tc phong thc ngi lao ng (TPYT), Vai
tr cng on (VTC).
5.5. Kim nh m hnh nghin cu
Cn c vo kt qu kim nh hi quy
bi cho thy c 6 gi thuyt t ra ban u
u c chp nhn. Kt qa ny khng nh
li mt ln na tnh ph hp ca m hnh l
thuyt ca cc tc gi i trc.

Gi thuyt Pht biu Kt qu

H1 Mi trng phap ly tc ng cng chiu vi s hai hoa QHL Chp nhn

H2 Cng tc qun l nh nc v lao ng tc ng cng chiu vi QHL Chp nhn

H3 Vn hoa quc gia cua cac doanh nghip tc ng cng chiu vi QHL Chp nhn

H4 Nhn thc v php lut lao ng cua DN tc ng cng chiu vi QHL Chp nhn

H5 Trnh , tc phong v thc ca ngi L tc ng cng chiu vi QHL Chp nhn

H6 Vai tro cua t chc cng oan tac ng cung chiu vi QHL Chp nhn

6. BIN LUN V NG DNG Th nht, v pha doanh nghip: Xy

Trong iu kin nghin cu ti cc doanh
nghip ti KCN Sng Thn 1, 29 bin quan
st c s dng trong m hnh nghin
cu l thuyt b loi 1 bin sau khi chy
Cronbachs Alpha. Trong qu trnh o lng
cc yu t, tin cy 95% th cc khi nim:
Mi trng php l, Qun l nh nc, Vn
ha doanh nghip, nhn thc php lut, Tc
phong thc NL, Vai tr cng on c
tc ng n quan h lao ng ti cc doanh
nghip ti KCN Sng Thn 1.
Trn c s kt qu ca nghin cu ny v
tc ng ny cc hm chnh sch c a
ra cho nh qun tr trong c qun qun l nh
nc v doanh nghip nh sau:
dng vn ha dung ha trong cc DN u
t nc ngoi; p dng cc chnh sch ng
vin NL; o to, bi dng nng cao
trnh v nng lc cho nhng ngi lm
cng tc nhn s; Xy dng mi trng sng,
lm vic theo php lut trong DN; Tng cng
i thoi x hi trong doanh nghip;
Th hai, v pha t chc cng on: Tm
kim m hnh hot ng cng on thch
hp; Tch cc tham gia nng cao cht lng
cuc sng ca ngi lao ng; Cng c quan
h hp tc vi doanh nghip, lm cu ni
gia ngi s dng lao ng v ngi lao
ng; Kin ton i ng cn b cng on
c s;

36

Th ba, v pha Nh nc: Tng cng
cng tc qun l Nh nc v lao ng;
Hon thin cc quy nh php lut v quan
h lao ng tao ra mi trng phap ly thng
thoang phu hp vi lut phap quc t; Cng
c v thc hin hiu qu c ch ba bn
Vit Nam;
Th t, v pha Chnh quyn tnh Bnh
Dng: Xem xt giao bin ch ph hp vi
quy m t chc v yu cu t ra i vi
t chc cng on. c bit l bin ch ca
Cng on cp trn trc tip c s; Xem xt
ch trng, b tr qu t xy dng Nh
truyn thng phong tro CNL v hot ng
cng on; Tip tc r sot, iu chnh, b
sung quy hoch, u t cc cng trnh phc
li x hi, thit ch vn ho TDTT, trng
hc, nh tr phc v nhu cu ca ngi
lao ng trong cc khu, cm cng nghip
v nhng a bn c ng cng nhn lao
ng; Hin cn 07 n v trc thuc (gm:
C cc KCN, C Dt May, CVC, tp ch
Lao ng, Qu CEP, Cng ty du lch cng
on) tr s LL c. y l nhng n v
c u mi CCS, VC rt ln, thng
xuyn trc tip tip xc CNL v t chc
cc hi ngh ngoi gi, vo ngy ngh hng
tun. Trc khi thu hi mt bng, ngh
UBND tnh xem xt b tr ni lm vic thun
li i vi cc n v trc thuc trn tip
tc hot ng thun li.
TI LIU THAM KHO
A.Ting Vit
1. B lut lao ng cua Vit Nam nm 2012
2. Hi ngh ba bn KCN Bnh Dng (2011). Bo v QHL ti cc KCN tnh Bnh Dng.
3. Hi ngh quc gia (2013), Bo co v tnh hnh QHL ca Vit Nam.
4. Nguyn Th Kim Dung(2003). Mt s vn v pht trin th trng lao ng Vit Nam, Nh xut
bn Khoa hc K thut, H Ni.
5. Lin on Lao ng Binh Dng (2013). Bo co s liu tng hp v tranh chp lao ng tp th
va inh cng.
Nghin cu cc yu t . . .
7. KT LUN V GII HN CA
NGHIN CU
C th c nhiu yu t khc na gp phn
vo vic cc yu t tc ng n QHL. Bn
cnh , cc yu t khc nh vng min, tnh
cht ngnh (thm dng lao ng hay k thut
cao,) cng cn c nghin cu c th
a ra cc gii php hon chnh hn mang
li hiu qu nhiu hn cho cng tc QHL
c hi ha ti cc DN ti KCN Sng Thn
1. Vn ny cho cc nghin cu khc c
hng nghin cu tip theo.
Tng t nh bt k nghin cu no,
nghin cu ny cng c nhng hn ch. Mt l,
nghin cu ny ch c thc hin ti ti cc
DN ti KCN Sng Thn 1 vi phng php
chn mu thun tin phi xc sut. S lng
mu cha nhiu cng l mt hn ch. Kh nng
tng qut ha kt qu ca nghin cu s cao
hn nu n c lp li ti mt s KCN khc
na ti Vit Nam vi mt phng php chn
mu c tnh i din cao hn. V vy, hng
nghin cu u tin tip theo l cc nghin cu
lp li ti cc KCN ln Vit Nam vi phng
php chn mu ngu nhin. Hai l, nghin cu
ny ch xem xt su yu t chnh tc ng n
QHL lMi trng php l, Qun l nh
nc, Vn ha doanh nghip, nhn thc php
lut, tc phong thc ngi lao ng, Vai tr
cng on.V vy, cn b sung mt s yu t
khc nh nu phn trn.
37
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

6. Lin on Lao ng Binh Dng (2013). Bo co s liu tng hp kho st v hp ng lao ng

v k kt tha c lao ng tp th.
7. Nguyn Mnh Cng (2013). Nhng cn bn v QHL trong kinh t th trng v vai tr ca Nh
nc, tp ch lao ng, s thng 4
8. Nguyn Th Cnh (2004).Phng php v phng php lun nghin cu khoa hc kinh t. Nh
xut bn i hc Quc gia TP.HCM..
9. Nguyn Vn Bnh(2011). Tng cng v bo m tnh c lp, i din ca cng on tham gia
mt cch thc cht, hiu qu vo qu trnh ca QHL, T chc lao ng quc t (ILO) quyn s 1
10. Nguyn Anh Tun(2012).Vai tr ca Cng on trong cng vic bo v quyn li ngi lao ng
ti doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi Vit Nam, Lun vn thac si nganh lut kinh t
11. Trn Kim Dung (2003). Qun tr ngun nhn lc. Nh xut bn Gio dc.
12. UBND tnh Bnh Dng(2011). n pht trin QHL trn a bn tnh Bnh Dng giai on
2013-2020 ca UBND tnh Bnh Dng.
13. Vin Cng nhn (2013).Cng on Vit Nam v tnh hnh tin lng, thu nhp v iu kin sng ca
cng nhn trong khu vc kinh t t nhn Vit Nam.
14. Vu Vit Hng (2004). Mt s vn v quan h lao ng ti cc doanh nghip ngoi quc doanh v
doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi vit nam trong thi k chuyn i kinh t, Lun an tin si
B. Ting Anh
15. BOIVIN Jean, GUILBAULT Jacques (1989), Les Relations Patronales-Syndicales Au Qubec,
Gaetan Morin Editeur, Montreal,
16. Daniel Quinn Mills.(1994). Labor Management Relation; fifth edition. Mc GRAW-HILL,Inc
17. Loc Cadin, F.Gurin, F.Pigeyre (2002), Gestion des Ressources Humaines, pratiques lments de
thorie, Dunod,Second edition, paris, p.4

38
 nh hng ca . . .

NH HNG CA VN HA T CHC N S GN KT
CA NHN VIN VN PHNG TI TNH B RA -
VNG TU
H Nam Khnh Giao*, H Th Thu Trang**

TM TT
Nghin cu kim nh cc yu t Vn ha t chc nh hng n s gn kt ca nhn vin
vn phng ti cc Cng ty C phn trn a bn tnh B Ra Vng Tu, bng vic kho st 400
nhn vin. Phng php phn tch Cronbachs Alpha, phn tch EFA cng vi phn tch hi quy bi
c s dng vi phng tin SPSS.

Kt qu cho thy mc nh hng ca cc yu t- theo tm quan trng gim dn- n S

gn kt nhn vin gm: o to v pht trin, S trao i thng tin; Phn thng v cng nhn,
Lm vic nhm; C hi thng tin. Nghin cu ra mt s kin ngh cho cc nh qun l cc cng
ty c phn ti tnh B Ra- Vng Tu nhm tng cng s gn kt ca nhn vin vn phng.

T kha: vn ha doanh nghip, s gn kt, nhn vin vn phng, B Ra-Vng Tu

THE AFFECTS OF ORGANIZATION CULTURE ON THE STAFFS

COMMITMENT IN BA RIA- VUNG TAU PROVINE

ABSTRACT
The research investigates how the factors of organization culture affect on the commitment
of the staff working in the corporation in Ba Ria- Vung Tau province, by intervewing 400 staff. The
method of Cronbachs Alpha analysis, EFA analysis and multiple regression analysis were used with
the SPSS program.

The result shows that the affects of the factors of organization culture on the stall commitment
decreasingly: Training and Development, Information exchange, Reward and Record, Teamwork,
Promotion Opportunity. The research also suggests some solutions to the corporate management to
enhance the commitment of the staff.

Keywords: organization culture, commitment, staff, Ba Ria- Vung Tau provine

* PGS.TS. Trng i hc Ti chnh - Marketing

** ThS. Cng ty CP Cng bin Th Vi. T: 0916688919. Email: Hothithutrang@thivaiport.com.vn

39
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
1. C S L THUYT
1.1. Khi nim v Vn ha t chc
Vn ha l mt lnh vc c bit ca i
sng x hi. Vn ha l mt khi nim rt rng
ln lin quan n mi mt ca hot ng i
sng con ngi. Cho n nay, ngi ta thng
k c hn 400 nh ngha khc nhau v vn
ha c tip cn t nhiu lnh vc nghin
cu khc nhau. Nh x hi hc Herskovist
cho rng vn ha l li sng ca mt tp
on ngi v x hi l tp th c t chc
bi cc c nhn tun theo li sng . Ni
r hn th x hi l t chc ca con ngi,
nhng hot ng ca h l vn ha (L Thy
Kiu, 2009).
Theo Schein (2009), vn ha t chc l
loi quy c c bn do mt nhm ngi ngh
ra, pht hin v xy dng nn gii quyt v
nhng vn v s thch ng bn ngoi v
s ha nhp bn trong. Nhng quy c ny
phi c coi l c hiu lc v chun mc
cc thnh vin mi ca t chc thm nhun
v tun th (L Thy Kiu, 2009). Vn ha
t chc c xem l qui lut quan st hnh
vi trong mi tng tc ca con ngi trong t
chc, mt s khi nim cho rng vn ha t
chc gi v th trong t chc (Nguyn Th L
Quyn, 2013).
Vn ha t chc cho thy nhng c im
c bn v trit ca mt t chc. V vy, n
c th tr thnh mt ngun li th cnh tranh
bn vng nu nn vn ha c gi tr, him,
v khng hon ho. Vn ha t chc c th
to ra gi tr v n c th n gin ha x l
thng tin, gim chi ph gim st v mc c
gia ngi lao ng (Zang & Li, 2013).
1.2. Cc thnh phn vn ha t chc
Do c nhiu cch tip cn v mc ch
nghin cu khc nhau nn cng c nhiu
quan im khc nhau v vn ha t chc.
Shein (2009) cho rng Vn ha t chc bao
gm 3 cp : Cp bn ngoi- nhng
hnh vi v cu trc hu hnh (Behaviors and
Artifacts), Cp su hn- cc gi tr ng
hnh (Espoused values), Cp su nht-
nhng quan nin chung (Basic underlying
assumption & Deliefs).
M hnh OCP (Organizational Cultrure
Profile) do OReilly & ctg (1991) pht trin o
lng s ph hp ca nhn vin vi vn ha t
chc bng 8 thnh phn: S i mi v chp
nhn ri ro (Innovation and risk taking), Quan
tm n chi tit (Attention to detail), nh
hng hiu qu/kt qu (Orientation toward
outcomes or Results), Xung t v cnh tranh
(Aggressiveness and competitiveness), S
h tr (Supportiveness), Nhn mnh s pht
trin v phn thng (Emphasis on growth
and reward), nh hng hp tc v ng
i (Collaborative and team orientation), S
quyt on (decisiveness).
Recardo & Jolly (1997) tip cn vn
ha t chc qua 8 thnh phn: Giao tip trong
t chc,- o to v pht trin, Phn thng
v cng nhn, Lm vic nhm, Chp nhn
ri ro bi sng to v ci tin, Hiu qu trong
vic ra quyt nh, nh hng k hoch,
Cc chnh sch qun tr. Lau v Idris (2001)
nghin cu Vn ha t chc theo 04 thnh
phn: S trao i thng tin; o to v pht
trin; Phn thng v cng nhn, Lm vic
nhm. 04 thnh phn vn ha t chc ca Lau
v Idris (2001) cng c nhiu hc gi
kim nh.
1.3. S gn kt vi t chc:
Theo Mowday & ctg (1979), s gn kt
vi t chc l mt c nhn tham gia vo mt
t chc vi nim tin mnh m, chp nhn cc
mc tiu v cc gi tr ca t chc, sn sng
pht huy mi n lc v t chc v lun mong
40

mun duy tr l mt thnh vin trong t chc.
Gn kt vi t chc c xc nh l a
chiu trong t nhin. N phn nh mc
ca mc tiu v gi tr tng ng vi cc t
chc, lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi
t chc, sn sng phi n lc thay mt cho t
chc v duy tr cc thnh vin trong t chc.
Cc thnh phn gn kt vi t chc
Mowday & ctg (1979) c o lng qua
3 thnh phn: S ng nht (Identification),
Hnh 1. M hnh nghin cu mi quan h gia vn ha t chc v s gn kt
ca nhn vin trong t chc
T , a ra cc nhm gi thuyt nh sau:
H1: S trao i thng tin c quan h cng
chiu n s gn kt ca nhn vin.
H2: o to v pht trin c quan h cng
chiu n s gn kt ca nhn vin.
H3: Phn thng v s cng nhn c quan
h cng chiu n s gn kt ca nhn vin.
H4: Lm vic nhm c quan h cng chiu
n s gn kt ca nhn vin.
2. KT QU NGHIN CU
2.1. M t d liu nghin cu
450 phiu kho st c gi i, tng s
phiu tr li hp l l 400 phiu, t t l
92%. Mu kho st gm 216 nam (54%); 184
nh hng ca . . .
Lng trung thnh (Loyalty), S dn thn
(Involvement). OReilly & Chatman (1986)
o lng s gn kt ca nhn vin theo 3 yu
t: S phc tng (Compliance), S gn kt
(Indentification), S ni ha (Internalisation).
L thuyt Mowday & ctg (1979) c la
chn p dng cho nghin cu ny. Theo
, m hnh nghin cu xut c trnh
by trong Hnh 1.
n (46%). Theo tui: di 25 ch c 4%,
t 25-34 chim 19,8%; t 35- 44 chim 20%;
t 45- 54 chim 39,5%; trn 55 chim 24,8%;
nh vy, s phiu tr li tp trung tui
45-55 tui tr ln. V trnh chuyn mn:
14% Trung cp, 14,2% Cao ng, 71,8% i
hc v trn i hc. Theo ch danh cng
vic: 33% l nhn vin; 47% l Chuyn vin/
K s; Cn b qun l cp trung chim 22%;
Cn b qun l cp cao chim 3%. S nhn
vin c thm nin cng tc di 1 nm chim
14%; t 1 di 3 nm chim 18,8%; t 3
di 6 nm chim 25,3%; t 6 di 10 nm
chim 19,3%; trn 10 nm chim 22,8%.
41
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

2.2. Kt qu nh gi s b Cronbachs st ln hn 0.3 v h s Cronbachs alpha ca

Alpha: thang o ln hn 0.6 (Hong Trng & Chu
Bng 1 cho thy cc h s tng quan bin Nguyn Mng Ngc, 2008), thang o c
tng (Item Total Correlation) ca bin quan chp nhn.

Bng 1. Kt qu phn tch Cronbachs alphav tng quan bin- tng

H s tng quan bin- tng

Cc bin Cronbachs alpha
nh nht

S trao i thng tin 0,863 0,424

o to v Pht trin 0,806 0,345

Phn thng v cng nhn 0,845 0,543

Lm vic nhm 0,822 0,613

S gn kt nhn vin 0,729 0,524

Ngun: Theo s liu phn tch ca nhm tc gi

2.3. Kt qu phn tch EFA

Kt qu phn tch nhn t ln 2 cho
thy: H s KMO l 0,809% (>0,5). Sig =
0,000(<0,05); tng phng sai trch l 70,26%
(>50%); h s ti nhn t ca cc bin u
>0,5; s khc bit v phng sai trch gia
cc bin u ln hn 0,3. Qua kt qu phn
tch c th kt lun rng: Cc bin quan st
trong tng th c mi tng quan vi nhau
v phn tch nhn t (EFA) l thch hp vi
d liu.

.1. Bng 2. Kt qu EFA Thang o Vn ha T chc

Ma trn xoay thnh phn (Rotated Component Matrix)a
Nhn t
Bin quan st
1 2 3 4 5
TEAM5 0,879
TEAM3 0,859
TEAM1 0,751
TEAM2 0,686
TEAM4 0,674
TRAIN2 0,826
TRAIN6 0,774
TRAIN4 0,765
TRAIN1 0,659
TRAIN3 0,615
COMMU2 0,925
COMMU5 0,922
42
 nh hng ca . . .

Ma trn xoay thnh phn (Rotated Component Matrix)a

Nhn t
Bin quan st
1 2 3 4 5
COMMU3 0,791
COMMU1 0,680
REWARD4 0,846
REWARD5 0,820
REWARD2 0,750
REWARD1 0,625
REWARD3 0,919
REWARD6 0,917
TRAIN5 0,745
Cronbachs Alpha 0,869 0,806 0,898 0,845 0,884
Gi tr Eigen 6,650 2,927 2,304 1,642 1,232
% Phng sai 15,833 14,993 14,610 13,164 11,659
Tng phng sai: 70,260
Ngun: Theo s liu phn tch ca nhm tc gi

Thang o lin quan n S gn kt nhn Bartletts cho thy mc ngha sig = 0.000 <
vin gm 3 bin quan st, sau khi t tin 0.05, ch s KMO = 0.681 > 0.5, iu kin
cy kim nh bng Cronbachs alpha c phn tch nhn t.
a vo phn tch EFA. Kt qu kim nh

Bng 3. Kt qu EFA Thang o S gn kt nhn vin

Ma trn thnh phn (Component Matrix)a
Nhn t
Bin quan st
1
COMMIT2 0,822
COMMIT3 0,809

COMMIT1 0,785
Cronbachs Alpha 0,729
Gi tr Eigen 1,945

% Phng sai 64,826

Tng phng sai 64,826

Ngun: Theo s liu phn tch ca nhm tc gi

43
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
T kt qu kim nh EFA v Thang o
Vn ha t chc cho thy c 21 bin t yu
cu v trch thnh 5 nhn t, c th: Nhm
nhn t 1 t tn l Lm vic nhm, Nhm
nhn t 2 t tn l o to v Pht trin,
Nhm nhn t 3 t tn l S trao i thng
tin, Nhm nhn t 4 t tn l Phn thng
v cng nhn, Nhm nhn t 5 t tn l C
Hnh 2. M hnh nghin cu iu chnh
Cc gi thuyt nghin cu c iu
chnh c pht biu nh sau:
H1: S trao i thng tin c quan h cng
chiu n s gn kt ca nhn vin.
H2: Lm vic nhm c quan h cng chiu
n s gn kt ca nhn.
H3: o to v pht trin c quan h cng
chiu n s gn kt ca nhn vin.
H4: Phn thng v s cng nhn c quan
h cng chiu n s gn kt ca nhn.
hi thng tin, nhm ny c 03 bin quan st,
trong c 02 bin t thnh phn gii thng
v cng nhn l REWARD3, REWAR6; 01
bin t o to v Pht trin l TRAIN5. Kt
qu kim nh thang o S gn kt nhn vin
vn c 03 bin quan st t yu cu. T ,
tc gi xut m hnh nghin cu iu chnh
nh trong hnh 2.
Ngun: Nhm tc gi xut
H5: C hi thng tin c quan h cng
chiu n s gn kt ca nhn vin.
2.4. Kt qu kim nh m hnh hi qui
bi (MLR).
Kt qu phn tch tng quan Pearson ca
cc nhn t i din cho thy: mc ngha (Sig)
gia cc nhn t l 0,000<5%, do phn tch
tng quan Pearson ca cc nhn t i din
u c ngha thng k. Do , cc nhn t ph
hp cho kim nh m hnh bng hi quy bi.
44
 nh hng ca . . .
2 Bng 4. Tm tt m hnh Hi qui

M hnh H s Sai s chun c lng H s

R2 R2 iu chnh
(Model) R (Std. Error of the Estimate) Durbin-Watson

1 0,719a 0,517 0,510 0,75620 1,932

a. Bin c lp: (Constant), PROM, TEAM, COMMU, TRAIN, REWARD

b. Bin ph thuc: COMMIT
Ngun: Theo s liu phn tch ca nhm tc gi

Bng 4 cho thy R2 hiu chnh bng 51% gn kt ca nhn vin trong t chc n mc
cho thy m hnh xut ph hp vi d 51%. Thng k Durbin Watson l 1,93 (gn
liu nghin cu, hay ni cch khc c s nh bng 2), chng t rng m hnh khng c xy
hng ca cc yu t vn ha t chc n s ra s t tng quan ca cc phn d.

Bng 5. H s Hi qui ca m hnh hi qui

Coefficientsa

H s cha H s chun
Thng k a cng
chun ha ha
tuyn
(Unstandardized (Standardized Mc
M hnh Collinearity Statistics
Coefficients) Coefficients) ngha
(Model) t
(Sig.) H s Nhn t
Sai s Tolerance phng i
chun H s phng sai
B
(Std. Beta VIF
Error)

(Constant) 0,554 0,199 2,783 0,006

1
0,197 0,033 0,248 6,037 0,000 0,729 1,372
COMMU
TRAIN 0,243 0,040 0,257 6,060 0,000 0,683 1,465
REWARD 0,183 0,037 0,211 4,948 0,000 0,675 1,482
TEAM
0,173 0,034 0,211 5,119 0,000 0,721 1,387
PROM
0,086 0,028 0,122 3,056 0,002 0,770 1,298
a. Bin ph thuc: COMMIT
Ngun: Theo s liu phn tch ca tc gi
H s phng i phng sai VIF trong cho thy phn d phn tn ngu nhin xung
bng 5 u c gi tr nh hn 2 do m hnh quanh ng tung , khng to nn hnh
hi qui khng xy ra hin tng a cng tuyn. dng no. Do , gi nh phng sai khng
Biu tn s ca phn d chun ha theo i khng b vi phm. Nh vy, cc kt qu
phn phi chun, do gi nh phn d c kim nh cho thy m hnh hi qui xut l
phn phi chun khng b vi phm. Biu ph hp vi tng th. Cc bin c lp trong
45
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
m hnh u c mi quan h tuyn tnh vi s
gn kt ca nhn vin vi p-value (sig)<5%.
M hnh hi qui tuyn tnh nh sau:
S gn kt = 0,554 + 0,243TRAIN+
0,197COMMU + 0,183REWARD +
0,173TEAM + 0,086 PROM
ng thi, kt qu phn tch hi qui cho
thy h s Beta ca cc bin o to v Pht
trin (TRAIN); S trao i thng tin trong
t chc (COMMU); Phn thng v cng
nhn (REWARD); Lm vic nhm (TEAM);
C hi thng tin (PROM) ln lt l 0,243;
0,197; 0,183; 0,173; 0,086. Cc h s Beta
trn tc ng n s gn kt nhn vin u c
gi tr dng, do cc gi thuyt H1, H2, H3,
H4, H5 u c chp nhn.
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy o to v
Pht trin l nhm cc yu t c mc nh
hng ln nht n s gn kt ca nhn vin
(DTPT =0,243), tip n l S trao i thng
tin trong t chc (TDTT = 0,197), Phn thng
v cng nhn (PTCN = 0,183), Lm vic nhm
(LVN = 0,173), v C hi thng tin tc ng
thp nht (CHTT = 0,086) n s gn kt ca
nhn vin trong t chc.
3. KT LUN V XUT GII
PHP
3.1. Kt lun
Nghin cu ng dng m hnh ca Lau &
Idris (2001) o lng yu t vn ha t chc;
m hnh s gn kt ca nhn vin trong t
chc ca Mowday et al (1979). Kt qu cho
thy thang o vn ha t chc c tc ng n
s gn kt ca nhn vin khi vn phng lm
vic ti cc doanh nghip trn a bn tnh B
Ra Vng Tu. M hnh sau khi iu chnh
c 05 thnh phn sau: o to v Pht trin,
S trao i thng tin, Phn thng v cng
nhn, Lm vic nhm, C hi thng tin.
Nghin cu, mt ln na, cho thy vn
ha t chc c vai tr nh hng quan trng
i vi t chc. Mi t chc mun pht trin
bn vng th phi ly con ngi lm trung
tm, bi con ngui l ngun lc xy dng
v pht trin t chc. V vy, cn phi xy
dng vn ha t chc l mt chin lc quan
trng thu ht v gi chn nhn vin. Xy
dng v pht trin, pht huy tt cc yu t vn
ha t chc l iu kin quan trng hnh
thnh v nng cao s gn kt ca nhn vin
i vi t chc.
3.2. xut gii php
3.2.1. Ch trng n chnh sch o to
v Pht trin
Kt qu cho thy yu t o to v Pht
trin c nhn vin nh gi kh (mean =
4,77) v c tc ng mnh nht n s gn kt
ca nhn vin trong t chc (DTPT =0,243).
Cng ty cn co k hoach ao tao cu th va
inh hng phat trin ngh nghip cho nhn
vin trong tng lai. Do , cng tc o to
v pht trin cn tp trung vo cc vn sau:
Th nht, Phn tch nhu cu o to: Xc
nh tiu chun tng v tr chc danh. nh
gi, phn tch ch s hon thnh cng vic,
nng sut lm vic,.. xc nh cc k nng,
hnh vi, chuyn mn cn thit thc hin
hon thnh cng vic theo tiu chun chc
danh .
Th hai, Xc nh nhu cu o to: Trn
c s phn tch nhu cu o to, xc nh
c k nng, chuyn mn ca nhn vin so
vi yu cu ph hp vi yu cu chc danh.
T xc nh nhu cu o to hon thnh
cng vic hay nhu cu o to nh hng
pht trin.
Th ba, Xy dng k hoch, chng trnh
o to: K hoch o to c xy dng
46

trn c s ngun lc ca doanh nghip, trn
nhu cu o to c xc nh. K hoch,
chng trnh o to phi xc nh r mc
tiu o to, i tng o to, loi nhm k
nng, chuyn mn cn o to, kinh ph thc
hin phi ph hp vi ngun lc v ngn sch
ca doanh nghip.
Th t, La chn phng php/loi hnh
o to: Xc nh loi hnh o to ph hp
vi tng i tng, tng yu cu chc danh
cng vic. C th o to km cp trc tip
trong cng vic, o to ni b bng cch s
dng ngun lc ging vin t cc b phn
khc nhau, hoc c i o to tp trung,.. Vic
xc nh phng php/loi hnh o to ph
hp ngoi mang li hiu qu p dng thc tin
cao cn c th gim thiu ti a chi ph v
ngun lc.
Th nm, Trin khai v gim st o to:
Tin hnh t chc o to v theo di, gim
st tin o to. Cng tc t chc, gim
st tt tng thm hiu qu ca o to. ng
thi gim st o to c th pht hin nhng
sai st kp thi iu chnh b sung chng
trnh, ni dung cho ph hp vi i tng
tham gia o to.
Th su, nh gi hiu qu sau o to:
Nhm m bo nh gi mc p dng
chng trnh o to vo thc tin cng vic,
nh k sau o to ty vo tng ni dung o
to c th tin hnh nh gi hiu qu o to
thng qua cc tiu ch v kh nng p dng
cc k nng mi, hiu tnh thc tin ca ni
dung o to, v mc thnh tho cng vic
trc v sau o to,..
3.2.2. Tng cng cng tc trao i
thng tin trong t chc
Kt qu cho thy s trao i thng tin
trong cng vic vn ang mc chi trn trung
binh mt it (mean = 4,656). nng cao hiu
nh hng ca . . .
qua cua vic trao i thng tin, trc tin cn
cung cp u thng tin va cac thng tin o phai
c nhn vin trao i, hiu bit thc
hin tt thi mc hoan thanh cng vic se
cao hn, hiu qua hn. Nh vy, nhn vin
lam vic hiu qua hn, t o co nhiu ong
gop nhiu hn cho t chc, cn trung vo cc
vn sau:
Th nht, trao i thng tin gia cp trn
v nhn vin. Cp trn thng xuyn trao i
thng tin vi cp di, cung cp nhng thng
tin c cp nht trong t chc cho nhn
vin. Cp trn cn thng tin thng thn cho
nhn vin v mc hon thnh cng vic
ca nhn vin so vi tiu chun chc danh.
Qua , nhn vin c th thy r trch nhim
cng nh im mnh, im yu trao di v
hon thin. Mc khc, cp trn cng cn ng
vin khch l v ch ra k hoch o to hp
l cho nhn vin t hiu qu cao nht cho
cng vic.
Th hai, khuyn khch nhn vin cung cp
cc thng tin y chnh xc cho cp trn
c quyt nh kp thi v gii quyt cc vn
nhanh chng.
Th ba, Cc thng tin gia cc b phn
thng xuyn c trao i v chia s mi
ngi c lin quan c s dng.
3.2.3. Chnh sch ng vin v khen
thng kp thi
Yu t phn thng va cng nhn kt qua
lam vic cua nhn vin trong t chc hin
chi mc trung binh (mean = 4,00). Chnh
sch khen thng, ng vin kp thi s to
ng lc v thc y nhn vin hon thnh tt
cng vic. nh gi ng nng lc lm vic
v khen thng cng bng thch ng s gip
nhn vin cng gn kt hn vi t chc. V
vy, cn quan tm n cc vn sau:
Th nht, chnh sch khen thng phi
47
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
c r rng, minh bch, hp l v phi c
thng tin cho tt c nhn vin. Cn thc hin
mt s chnh sch phc li nh: tr cp thm
nin cng tc, bo him tai nn kt hp sc khe
con ngi, h tr gia nh c kinh t kh khn,..
Th hai, xy dng quy trnh nh gi
cng vic, xt thi ua khen thng, quy trnh
xt cng nhn ci tin sng kin. Qua , cn
quy nh r trnh t, thi gian, tiu chun v
cc hnh thc ghi nhn sng kin, cng nhn
thnh tch cng nh cc hnh thc v mc
khen thng.
3.2.4. Xy dng tinh thn ng i v
lm vic nhm
Yu t lm vic nhm c mean = 4,46,
trn trung bnh. yu t nay c nng cao,
cn tp trung cc ni dung sau:
Th nht, khuyn khich va thc hin ngay
lam vic nhom tai cng ty. iu nay se giup
kin thc chung c nhiu nhn vin hiu
bit, lam vic hiu qua hn. Khi gn kt thanh
mt i thi vic gn kt vi cng ty se la kt
qua trong lu dai. Vic lam vic nhom con
giup cac ca nhn trong nhom hoc tp, b sung
nhiu kin thc chuyn mn nhanh hn.
Th hai, m rng vic lam vic nhom n
s hp tac cua cac phong, ban, b phn. iu
nay gip cho cng vic c gii quyt nhanh
v hiu qu hn. Cc thnh vin trong t chc
d dang ha nhp chung vo gi tr ca vn
ha t chc, cng hng n mc tiu chung
ca t chc.
Ngoai ra, cng ty cn khuyn khich, tng
cng tinh thn ng i v khch l tinh thn
lm vic nhm bng cc kha hun luyn
chuyn hoc t chc cc chng trnh
Teambuilding nhm ph bin cc thng tin
gi tr, mc tiu ca t chc n tng nhn
vin. Qua chng trnh, cc thnh vin s
c tri nghim nhng tnh hung thc t
qua s hnh thnh nhn thc mi v chia s
v hp tc gia cc thnh vin.
3.2.5. To c hi pht trin ngh nghip
v bt thng tin cho nhn vin
Yu t c hi thng tin c mean = 4,407,
trn trung bnh. Nhm to iu kin v khch
l cho nhn vin, cng ty cn c nhiu c hi
thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip cho nhn
vin, thng qua vic khuyn khch a ra
nhng nhng sng kin mi mang li hiu qu
tt cho cng ty. Cn c s nht qun v cng
bng trong vn bt, thng chc bng
cch cng ty lun a ra nhng tiu chun
xem xt thng chc cho nhn vin. Qua ,
nhn vin nhn thc rng c gng v n lc
sng to ca h c n b xng ng, t
h s ht lng cng hin v sn sng hy sinh
li ch c nhn v s thnh cng v pht trin
ca Cng ty.
3.3. Nhng hn ch ca nghin cu
Th nht, phng php chn mu phi
xc sut, nn tnh i din mu cha cao. Kt
qu nghin cu cha th i din cho tt c
cc nhn vin vn phng lm vic cho cc
loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau cng gia
khu vc hnh chnh s nghip v khi doanh
nghip.
Th hai, nghin cu ch mi tip cn 05
yu t vn ha t chc tc ng n s gn
kt ca nhn vin: o to v Pht trin, S
trao i thng tin, Phn thng v Cng nhn,
lm vic nhm, C hi thng tin. Trong khi
thc t vn ha t chc l mt khi nim
rt rng, do cn nhiu yu t thnh phn
khc ca vn ha t chc c th tc ng n
s gn kt ca nhn vin.
Th ba, nghin cu ny ch cp n tc
ng t vn ha t chc n s gn kt ca
nhn vin, trong thc t s gn kt nhn vin
cn chu tc ng bi nhiu yu t khc.
48
 nh hng ca . . .

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. L Thy Kiu (2009), nh hng ca Vn ha t chc n s gn kt ca nhn vin trong t chc,
Lun vn thc s, Khoa Qun tr kinh doanh, H Kinh t TP.HCM.
[2]. Lau, H.C and Idris, M.A. (2001), Research and concepts: The soft foundation of the critical success
factors on TQM implementation in Malaysia. The TQM Magazine, 13(1), pp 51-60.
[3]. Mowday, R.T, et al, (1979), The measures of organisational commitment. Journal of Vocational
Behaviour, 22(8), pp 90-96.
[4]. ORelly III, C. A.,et al, (1991), People and culture in organization: A profile comparision approach
to assessing person, oraganization fit, Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), pp 487-516.
[5]. ORelly, Chatman J. (1986), Organizational Commitment and Psychological Attachment: The
Effects of Compliance, Identification, and Internalization on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 71(3), pp. 492-499.
[6]. Nguyn Th L Quyn (2013), nh hng ca Vn ha T chc n s hi lng cng vic v gn
kt ca Nhn vin: So snh doanh nghip Vit Nam v doanh nghip FDI ti TP.HCM. Lun vn
thc s, Khoa Qun tr kinh doanh, H Kinh t TP.HCM
[7]. Recardo, R & Jolly. J, (1997), Organizational Culture and Teams. S.A.M, Advanced Management
Journal, 62 (2), pp 4-7.
[8]. Shein E. H., 2009, The Corporate Survival Guide, San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
[9]. Hong Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2008), Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS. TP.HCM:
NXB Hng c.
[10]. Zhang, X. and Li B. (2013), Organizational Culture and Employee Satisfaction: An Exploratory
Study, International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(1), pp 48-54.

49
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

GII M VN GI THNH CHN NUI G CNG NGHIP

TI VIT NAM CAO HN NHIU NC TRN TH GII
Vng Thnh Nam*

TM TT
Nhng nm gn y, chn nui g cng nghip pht trin mnh nhiu ni trn c nc.
Tuy nhin, ngi chn nui cng gp nhiu kh khn do gi thnh chn nui ca chng ta cao hn
gi thnh chn nui ca nhiu nc trn th gii nn sn phm tht g cng nghip trong nc
khng cnh tranh ni vi tht g nhp khu. nghin cu tm ra nhng nguyn nhn lm cho gi
thnh chn nui g cng nghip ca nc ta cao hn gi thnh chn nui g ca nhiu nc, tc
gi nghin cu thc t ti cc trang tri chn nui, thu thp nhiu thng tin th cp lin quan
v phng vn, trao i vi cc chuyn gia qun l ngnh chn nui, qun l cc doanh nghip chn
nui g cng nghip. Qua xut cc gii php nhm gim gi thnh nng cao nng lc cnh
tranh ca sn phm g cng nghip nc ta.

T kha: gii m, gi thnh, chn nui, chn nui g cng nghip

DECRYPT MATTER OF COST BREEDING INDUSTRIAL CHICKEN IN

VIETNAM HIGHER THAN IN MANY COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

ABSTRACT
In the recent years, breeding industrial chicken has grown rapidly in many areas in the
country. However, the difficulties the farmers are facing is high livestock cost in Vietnam compared
to other countries. That causes our product is less competitive than imported chicken. In order to
study the root causes making the high livestock cost in Vietnam vs other countries, the author has
studied at livestock farms, collecting relevant information and interview, discussion with livestock
experts and also discussion with industrial livestock entrepreneurs. Then will propose insight
solution of reducing the cost to improve the competitiveness of chicken meat of Vietnam.

Keywords: decryption, costs, livestock breeding, breeding industrial chicken

*
GV. Trng i hc S phm k thut Tp. H Ch Minh. T: 0907.993345

50
 Gii m vn . . .

1. T VN ngi chn nui cng nhiu phen khn n,

Trong bi cnh hi nhp kinh t quc t
ngy cng su v rng, c hi c m ra cho
nhiu ngnh ngh, nhiu lnh vc nhng cng
lm thch thc v kh khn nht l i vi
cc doanh nghip nh v siu nh. tn ti
v pht trin trong iu kin mi, cc doanh
nghip ni chung phi c nng lc cnh tranh
cao, tc l ti thiu phi c sn phm c cht
lng cao, gi thnh thp. Ngnh chn nui
ca nc ta cng ang bc vo hi nhp.
Mc d nhng nm gn y chn nui g cng
nghip pht trin mnh nhiu ni trn c
nc (c bit cc tnh ng Nam b) nhng
l nng, c ni, c lc phi ng ca chung,
hoc ph sn gii ngh. Vn ct li dn
n tnh trng ny l do gi thnh chn nui
ca chng ta cao hn gi thnh chn nui ca
nhiu nc trn th gii nn sn phm tht g
cng nghip trong nc khng cnh tranh ni
vi tht g cng nghip nhp khu. Vy, u l
nguyn nhn lm cho gi thnh chn nui cao?
tr li cu hi , ng thi c gii php
gim gi thnh chn nui nhm nng cao nng
lc cnh tranh ca ngnh chn nui g cng
nghip trong nc, cn phi nghin cu tm ra
cc nguyn nhn nh hng ti gi thnh.

Bng 1.1: T trng g cng nghip so vi tng n ng nam b v c nc 2011-2014

VT: triu con

2011 2012 2013 2014
A T T T T
Tng Tng Tng
PHNG Tng s G CN trng G CN trng G CN trng G CN trng
s s s
(%) (%) (%) (%)

C nc 232,7 60,0 25.8 223,7 61,5 27 231,7 71,8 30 246,1 73,3 30

ng
21,8 13,0 59.5 21,4 14,2 67 23,1 19,2 80 28,1 20,4 70
Nam b

S liu t Cc Chn Nui (Vn phng pha nam)

2. GI THNH CHN NUI G cu ti cc trang tri chn nui g tnh gi

CNG NGHIP
Trong qu trnh chn nui c nhiu loi chi
ph, trong c nhng loi chi ph rt tn km,
chim t trng cao nh: chi ph con ging, chi
ph thc n chn nui (TACN), chi ph khu
hao chung tri, chi ph nhn cng, chi ph in
nc, chm sc th y i vi chn nui g
cng nghip, c iu kin hch ton chi tit
cc loi chi ph chn nui, th hin r rng
cc khon mc. Tc gi thc hin nghin
thnh chn nui g cng nghip.
nh chun thu hoch g cng nghip
khi nui 42 ngy, trng lng trung bnh
2,6kg/con (tiu chun ca cc cng ty u
t chn nui g cng nghip: cng ty CP,
cng ty Japfa). Lng TACN hao ph
cho 1 kg g lng thng phm (FCR: Feed
convertion ratio H s chuyn ha thc
n) tnh cho g mc trng lng 2,6kg
thc t khong 1,8.

51
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Bng 2.1. Bng chit tnh chi ph nui mt con g cng nghip thu hoch mc 2,6 kg
Khon mc Chi ph Ghi ch
Con ging 8.000 /con Gi c thu thp ti thi
Thc n chn nui (FCR mc trng 1,8 x 2,6kg x 10.600/kg = im ngy 15/10/2015. TACN
lng 2,6 kg l 1,8) 49.608 ng c tnh gi trung bnh.
Chi ph khu hao chung tri 1.500/con
Chi ph nhn cng 1.800/con
Chi ph in, nc 1.000/con
Chm sc th y 1.200/con
Cc chi ph khc 1.500/con
Cng 64.608/con
T l cht 4%, phn b cho n 67.300/con Gi thnh mt con g 2,6kg
Gi thnh 1 kg g lng thng phm 25.885 ng
T trng chi ph TACN/tng chi ph 73,71%
Ngun: Tc gi thu thp t thc t

Gi thnh chn nui g cng nghip
bng 2.1 c tnh cc mc chi ph thp v
tng i n nh, khng c bin ng. Trong
thc t nhiu lc gi c bin ng cao hn
nhiu, chng hn gi con ging c thi im
ln n 26.000 ng/con (mt ngy tui).
Mc d gi thnh chn nui g cng nghip
c tnh trn cc chi ph thc t, cha tnh
chi ph s dng vn, nhng cao hn nhiu
so vi gi thnh chn nui g ca cc nc,
khong 20%-30%.
Gi thnh chn nui g ti cc nc thp,
nht l ti M, Brazil, Hn quc, Thi Lan
nn tht g ngoi c nhp khu vo nc ta
vi khi lng ln mi nm. C bit, c lc
i g M nhp vo bn vi gi di 20.000
ng/kg. Trong khi , theo cc chuyn gia
qun l ti cc cng ty git m, vi gi g lng
nc ta khong 26.000 ng/kg (ngang vi
gi thnh), tht g sau khi git m phi c gi
thnh khong 36.000 ng/kg [3].
3. CC NHN T NH HNG N
GI THNH CHN NUI G CNG
NGHIP TI VIT NAM CAO HN
CC NC
Trong qu trnh chn nui g cng nghip,
c rt nhiu nhn t nh hng n gi thnh.
Tuy nhin, qua qu trnh nghin cu cho
thy cc nhn t c nh hng quan trng, l
nguyn nhn lm cho gi thnh chn nui g
cng nghip nc ta cao hn nhiu nc v
tc gi phn thnh ba nhm chnh. Di
y l cc nhn t c nh hng quan trng
n gi thnh chn nui v lm cho gi g
cng nghip chn nui ti Vit Nam cao hn
cc nc.
3.1. Nhm nhn t nh hng chi ph
u vo
Nhm ny bao gm cc nhn t nh
hng trc tip n gi thnh chn nui g
cng nghip:
3.1.1. Vn u t chn nui
Vn u t ng vai tr quan trng i vi
chn nui g cng nghip v y l ngnh cn
phi c nhiu vn u t. Theo thc t, vn c
nh u t mt chung g cng nghip nui
c 15.000 con mi la, bao gm c thit
b chung tri, khong 1,2 t - 1,8 t ng,
ty theo mc u t nhiu hay t thit b
t ng v loi thit b c gi t hay r tin.

52
 Gii m vn . . .

Tc gi kho st thc t tnh chi nh u t chung tri v phn b chi ph

ph vn ca ngnh chn nui g cng nghip u t t cc hng mc ph ca trang tri
nh hng n gi thnh 1 kg g thng bnh qun: 1,5 t ng/chung; Chi ph vn
phm. Bng 3.1 tnh chi ph u t trn mt lu ng cng tnh t gi thnh chn nui 1
chung 15.000 con bao gm: Chi ph c chung 15.000 con.

Bng 3.1. Bng tnh chi ph s dng vn nui g cng nghip

Khon mc Chi ph (ng) Ghi ch
Chi ph vn c nh chung tri1.500.000.000 Gm c thit b chn nui
Chi ph vn lu ng 15.000 con x 2,6kg/con x 25.885 Tnh t Sn lng x gi thnh
/kg = 1.009.515.000
Tng vn u t cho mt 1,5 t + 1,01 t = 2,51 t Lm trn vn lu ng thnh
chung 15.000 con g 1,01 t ng
Li vay bnh qun/nm 10%
Chi ph vn cho khon u t 2,51 t x 10% = 251 triu
mt chung nui 15.000 con g
Sn lng g trong 1 nm nui 15.000 con x 5 la x 2,6kg/con = Mi nm nui ti a c 5
trn 1 chung 195.000 kg la
Chi ph vn trn 1 kg g 251 triu : 195.000kg = 1.287
Ngun: Tc gi thu thp t thc t

Vi mc u t ln nh vy, ch c s t nm. Chi ph vn u t ti Vit Nam cao

ch u t c kh nng v vn t u t cho
trang tri ca mnh, cn a s phi vay mn.
Trong khi , ngi chn nui cng rt kh
khn trong vic vay vn v tip cn vn li sut
thp ca Nh nc, v khu vc nng thn gi
tr cc ti sn th chp u c nh gi thp
v chn nui ri ro cao nn ch vay c t
vn v ngi chn nui cng kh hng c
ngun vn li sut u i ca Nh nc. Do
vy, h phi vay bng nhiu cch khc nhau
vi li sut thng thng hoc thm ch li
sut cao. Li vay bnh qun trong nhng nm
gn y l khong 10%/nm. Theo tnh ton
bng 2.2, cho thy chi ph vn trn mt kg g
cng nghip (g lng thng phm) l 1.287
ng. y l im bt li rt ln cho ngi
chn nui g cng nghip ti Vit Nam so vi
cc nc c chi ph vn thp. Ti a s cc
nc pht trin chi ph s dng vn di 4%/
lm cho chi ph chn nui tng thm, dn n
gi thnh chn nui g cng nghip tng cao.
3.1.2. Con ging
Hin nay cc ngun ging cao sn ch
yu nhp t nc ngoi: Ross, AA, Cobb,
Hubbard, ISA, Lohmann, Hybro... do cc cng
ty nc ngoi u t nhp vo nui thnh g
b m ly trng p n thnh g con 1 ngy
tui v giao v cc trang tri nui thnh g
tht. Ging g cng nghip ch yu do 3 cng
ty u t nc ngoi l C.P, Japfa v Emivest
sn xut v cung cp cho th trng, cn cc
cng ty trong nc sn xut loi ging g Tam
Hong, Lng phng Theo Cc Chn
Nui (B NN&PTNT), i vi ging g cng
nghip lng trng th cc cng ty nc ngoi
vn chim u th vt tri, h gn nh cung
cp 100% con ging ra th trng Vit Nam.
Trong , lc cao im ch ring ba cng ty

53
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Japfa (Indonesia), CP (Thi Lan) v Emivest
(Malaysia) bn bnh qun 6 triu g ging/
thng cho ngi chn nui. Hin ti, cc loi
ging cao sn do 3 cng ty nc ngoi sn
xut, do vy h thng nng gi con ging
ln rt cao, c nhng lc ln ti 26.000 ng/
con g con 1 ngy tui [1]. Hoc bn km con
ging vi thc n nng gi thc n. Trong
khi , theo cc chuyn gia trong ngnh chn
nui g tnh ton, gi bn mt con g ging
ch khong 5.000 ng l c li nhun. V
th trng c t nh cung cp con ging nn h
khng cn phi cnh tranh vi nhau m ngc
li rt d tha hip nng gi con ging khi
g lng thng phm c gi cao. iu ny to
gp phn lm cho gi thnh chn nui g
cng nghip ca nc ta cao hn nhiu nc
trn th gii nn b tht g cc nc nhp
khu vo v cnh tranh khc lit. Khi thu thp
thng tin t cc trang tri chn nui g cng
nghip, c n 94,55% (52/55) trang tri cho
rng gi con ging rt cao (ngun: s liu do
tc gi kho st thc t).
Hnh 3.1. G con mi n chun b a v
cc tri chn nui (1 ngy tui)
3.1.3. Thc n chn nui
Thc n l nhn t quan trng tc ng
n qu trnh chn nui trn nhiu mt:
(i) Tc ng n tng trng th cht:
Mi loi vt nui c yu cu v ch dinh
dng khc nhau v trong cng loi vt nui
mi giai on ( tui) khc nhau cng cn c
ch v hm lng dinh dng khc nhau.
Nu ch dinh dng ph hp, g s nhanh
ln, sc khng tt, t bnh tt. Ngc li,
ch dinh dng khng ph hp, s lm cho
g chm ln v nhiu tc hi khc, cui cng
nh hng n gi thnh chn nui.
(ii) Tc ng n an ton v sinh thc
phm: Thc n chn nui chnh l con ng
np cc cht vo c th vt nui. Nu cht
lng thc n khng tt s nh hng n
sc khe vt nui. Thc n chn nui c
th b nhim khun hoc nm mc do bo
qun khng tt trong qu trnh sn xut, vn
chuyn, qu trnh lu kho. Vt nui n vo
c th b bnh, chm ln hoc b cht. Mt s
trng hp b nhim k sinh trng s lm vt
nui b bnh hay d lng cc cht cm c
trn vo thc n, gim cht lng sn phm
chn nui, c hi cho sc khe ca ngi tiu
dng. c c sn phm chn nui sch v
an ton cho ngi s dng, trc ht cn phi
c TACN sch, khng c cht tng trng,
khng c d lng khng sinh hay cc cht
cm khc. Nu TACN sch cng c th s
lm cho g chm ln v khi gi thnh chn
nui cao.
(iii) Tc ng n gi thnh chn nui:
Trong qu trnh chn nui c nhiu loi chi
ph, trong c nhng loi chi ph rt tn
km, chim t trng cao, nhng chi ph TACN
chim t trng cao nht: 73,71% trn tng chi
ph chn nui g cng nghip (bng 2.1). Do
vy, TACN l mt nhn t tc ng rt ln
n gi thnh chn nui, nh hng kh nng
cnh tranh v gi ca sn phm v nh hng
n hiu qu chn nui.
Mt khc, gi TACN Vit Nam cao hn
nhiu nc trn th gii khong 20% (theo
B Cng thng)[5] nn gp phn quan
54

trng vo vic lm cho gi thnh chn nui g
cng nghip ca nc ta cao hn nhiu nc.
Khi nghin cu su vo vn ny, tc gi
xc nh c cc nguyn nhn: Th nht,
nc ta c nhu cu TACN rt ln nhng cha
c vng nguyn liu nn phi nhp khu vi
khi lng ln hng nm. Chnh qu trnh
nhp khu lm tng thm nhiu chi ph,
ng k nh: vn chuyn, bc d, bo him,
lu kho, kim dch v c bit l chi ph d
tr m bo nguyn liu an ton cho
sn xut. Th hai, qui m sn xut ca cc
doanh nghip Vit Nam cha ln nn khng
c li th v mt cng sut. Hin nay, c nc
c 239 nh my sn xut TACN. Trong ,
180 nh my ca doanh nghip trong nc
v 59 nh my ca doanh nghip u t trc
tip nc ngoi (FDI). Mc d c nhiu nh
my nhng cc doanh nghip trong nc ch
chim khong 35%-40% th phn. Cn cc
doanh nghip FDI chim 60%-65% th phn
(Ngun: Hip hi TACN)[2], qua cho thy
a s nh my sn xut TACN ca Vit Nam
c qui m nh. Th ba, kinh nghim qun l
kinh doanh ca chng ta cha tt bng cc
doanh nghip ca cc nc pht trin, c nn
kinh t th trng lu i. H c nhiu hnh
thc u t, lin kt sn xut kinh doanh, gim
c chi ph marketing, chi ph bn hng nn
gi bn TACN thp hn so vi chng ta.
3.1.4. Cng ngh, thit b chn nui
Cc nc trn th gii hin nay s dng
cng ngh tin tin (cng ngh chung kn hay
cn gi cng ngh chung lnh) chn nui
g cng nghip. Cng ngh ny c nhiu u
im vt tri, th hin tnh cht cng nghip
cao v ph hp vi cc hot ng cng nghip
h tr khc. nc ta, ngi chn nui g
cng nghip vn cn s dng kiu bn cng
nghip, nui g cng nghip chung h (do
Gii m vn . . .
khng c vn u t), pht sinh nhiu chi ph.
Bn cnh , c nhiu trang tri s dng
cng ngh chung kn nh cc nc pht trin
nhng do vn u t hn ch nn t c thit b
t ng nh: mng n t ng, iu khin nhit
, m t ng Do vy, vn phi s dng
nhiu lao ng trong qu trnh chn nui, tn
km nhiu chi ph nhn cng. T gp phn
lm cho gi thnh chn nui g cng nghip
nc ta cao hn cc nc, nht l cc nc
trong khu vc c gi nhn cng thp.
3.1.5. in
in l nhn t quan trng, tc ng ln
n gi thnh chn nui. V chn nui g cng
nghip s dng nhiu in v cn phi c
cung cp in lin tc cho cc hot ng: m,
thng gi, bm nc lm mt trong sut
qu trnh chn nui. Trong khi , nc
ta tnh hnh thiu in xy ra thng xuyn.
Nhng khi b mt in li, cc trang tri phi
vn hnh my pht in cng sut ln, tn
km rt nhiu chi ph s dng nhin liu, lm
cho gi thnh chn nui tng ln cao.
3.2. Nhm nhn t mang tnh qun l -
chin lc
Nhm nhn t ny khng nh hng trc
tip n gi thnh nh cc nhn t nh hng
chi ph u vo, nhng c nh hng gin tip
v mc nh hng ty thuc vo tnh cht
chin lc, nng lc qun l ngnh v qun l
kinh doanh ca doanh nghip.
3.2.1. To chui gi tr chn nui g
cng nghip
Vic to chui gi tr mang li nhiu li
ch cho doanh nghip: n nh hot ng nh
c k hoch cn i tng th trong chui, m
bo cung ng v tiu th cho nhau v u ra
ca khu ny l u vo ca khu kia; Gim
cc chi ph nh: chi ph tip th, chi ph bn
hng, chi ph do ri ro thanh ton gia cc
55
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
khu mua bn vi nhau Nh m c
th gim gi thnh trong chn nui g cng
nghip. Cho n nay, cc doanh nghip kinh
doanh trong ngnh chn nui g cng nghip
ti Vit Nam cha to chui gi tr lin kt
ln: con ging TACN chn nui thu mua
- git m - d tr - phn phi - tiu th. Ngay
c cc doanh nghip FDI c qui m ln cng
cha to c chui gi tr ln m ch mi
to c hai n ba khu: Con ging TACN
chn nui (cng ty CP, cng ty Japfa, cng
ty Emivest, cng ty CJ Vina Agri). a s cc
doanh nghip, cc trang tri vn tnh trng
kinh doanh c lp, thiu lin kt, thiu h tr
ln nhau, mnh ai ny lm nn khng n nh,
nhiu ri ro, lm cho chi ph chn nui tng
cao. Trong khi , cc nc m chng ta
nhp khu nhiu tht g nh M, Brazil, Hn
Quc, h c c nhng tp on kinh doanh
trong ngnh chn nui v to chui gi tr lin
kt cht ch nhiu khu (nh Tyson Foods,
Inc; JBS USA; Sysco Corp).
3.2.2. Th trng tiu th
Th trng tiu th l nhn t tc ng
ngc n gi thnh chn nui g cng
nghip, do tnh cht c th ca ngnh chn
nui ny. Nu th trng tiu th n nh th
gi thnh chn nui g cng nghip c tnh
t cc chi ph u vo bnh thng, nhng nu
th trng tiu th bt n, nhu cu thp, ngi
chn nui khng th xut chung m phi ko
di thi gian chn nui1 th s tn thm chi
Bng 3.2. Th trng nhp khu TACN v nguyn liu 10 thng u nm 2015
Ch tiu Kim
ngch NK
10T/2014
Tng kim
ngch NK ca 2.736.414
c nc
1
nh chun nui g cng nghip l 42- 48 ngy l phi thu hoch
ph, t l g cht tng ln m trng lng g
tng khng nhiu nn gi thnh chn nui lc
ny tng rt cao. y l tnh trng thng hay
xy ra vi ngnh chn nui g cng nghip
nc ta mi khi tht g nhp khu v nhiu,
do vy gi thnh chn nui vn cao li cn
cao thm.
3.3. Nhm nhn t th ch chnh sch
3.3.1. Chnh sch qun l ngnh chn
nui
Nhm nhn t ny l cng c qun l
ca c quan chc nng. Ngnh chn nui
ni chung v chn nui g cng nghip ni
ring cng chu nhiu loi ph v l ph bt
hp l lm cho gi thnh tng cao. n thng
06/2015 B NNPTNT mi c cng vn
ngh B Ti chnh xem xt bi b 31 loi ph
v l ph trong kim dch th y nhm to iu
kin thun li, gim chi ph cho cc doanh
nghip chn nui v git m.
3.3.2. Chnh sch pht trin cng nghip
ph tr ngnh chn nui
Nhn chung, ngnh chn nui g cng
nghip ca Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn
y pht trin nhanh, nhng cc ngnh
cng nghip ph tr cha c s pht trin
ng b. Thc t ch mi c mt vi doanh
nghip sn xut con ging nhng cng cha
nhiu, th trng con ging cn b lng on,
cha c s cnh tranh rng ri v lnh mnh
ngi chn nui mua c con ging vi
gi c ph hp, ng ngha th trng.
VT: nghn USD
Kim Kim +/-so vi +/-so vi +/-so vi
ngch NK ngch NK T9/2015 T10/2014 10T/2014
T10/2015 10T/2015 (%) (%) (%)
267.760 2.821.898 -15,0 8,5 3,12
Ngun: Tng cc Hi quan
56

Bn cnh , ngnh sn xut TACN cng
c s pht trin tng i nhanh, trung bnh
tng trn 10%/nm (ngun: Hip hi TACN),
nhng s pht trin vn cn mang tnh cht
t pht v manh mn, cha c s t chc
pht trin ca ngnh, bi chng ta cha u
t v pht trin vng nguyn liu TACN m
vn phi nhp nhiu loi vi khi lng ln.
Nu tnh v mt gi tr th th trng TACN
ca Vit Nam hin nay c qui m khong
hn 120.000 t ng, tng ng 6 t USD
nhng trong nm 2014, nc ta nhp khu
TACN v nguyn liu hn 3,23 t USD (B
NNPTNT) v nm 2015 con s ny cn ln
hn (bng 3.2).
Ngoi ra, cc sn phm ca ngnh ph
tr khc cho chn nui g cng nghip nh:
Vaccine, thuc th y, thit b chung tri
c sn xut ti Vit Nam rt t v cha c
nn a s vn phi nhp khu t nc ngoi
vi chi ph cao, do vy lm cho gi thnh
chn nui cao thm nhiu.
4. GII PHP
Chn nui g cng nghip l ngnh mi
pht trin nc ta v l ngnh c nhiu tim
nng, mang li nhiu li ch v gi tr kinh t
x hi cao. Ngnh chn nui ny c tnh lan
ta ln nn khi pht trin s to iu kin cho
nhiu ngnh pht trin theo, mang li nhiu
vic lm cho ngi lao ng, to ra thu nhp
v gp phn n nh trt t x hi. V vy, cn
phi c gii php gim gi thnh chn nui
g cng nghip, nhm tng kh nng cnh
tranh ca sn phm g cng nghip ca nc
ta so vi cc nc. iu cng c ngha
quan trng hn trong bi cnh hi nhp kinh
t quc t ngy cng su rng, bi khng ch
cnh tranh ngay trn sn nh, m cn vn
ra th trng cc nc. T thc t nghin cu
tc gi xut mt s gii php nh sau:
Gii m vn . . .
4.1. V pha Nh nc
Nh nc cn c ch trng v chnh sch
c th i vi cc vn lin quan n hot
ng chn nui g cng nghip:
- C chnh sch qui hoch ng b v
nht qun t Trung ng n a phng i
vi ngnh chn nui g cng nghip v cc
ngnh ph tr: sn xut con ging, thc n
chn nui, thit b chung tri Ngnh chn
nui g cng nghip s thun li trong vic
gim gi thnh khi c sn phm tt gi r ca
cc ngnh ph tr. Trong quan trng nht
l TACN phi c qui hoch v khuyn khch
doanh nghip u t vng nguyn liu TACN,
v y l nhn t c bn v then cht pht
trin ngnh chn nui.
- H tr vn u t, tn dng cho ngnh
chn nui g cng nghip. T thc t hin
nay cho thy, Nh nc cn c chnh sch c
th hn na to iu kin cho nhng ngi
u t chn nui g cng nghip cn vn ln
c hng u i tn dng nhm thun li
hn trong u t v gim chi ph s dng vn
nhm gim gi thnh chn nui.
- C chnh sch u tin in cho chn nui
g cng nghip. Chn nui g cng nghip
chnh l hot ng cng nghip ha nng
nghip, to ra sn phm nng nghip c gi
tr cao, gp phn thay i b mt nng thn.
Do vy, cn phi u tin in cho chn nui
g cng nghip nh cc hot ng sn xut
cng nghip khc.
- Khuyn khch cc doanh nghip to
chui gi tr lin kt ln trong ngnh chn
nui n nh hot ng chn nui g cng
nghip, ng thi gim chi ph, gim gi
thnh chn nui cho ngnh ny.
- Khuyn khch cc doanh nghip u t
thu mua git m cng nghip, d tr, ch bin
nhiu sn phm mi t g cng nghip nhm
57
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

n nh th trng tiu th gim cc tc u ra: thu mua, git m, ch bin v tiu th

ng ngc lm tng gi thnh chn nui.
- Tranh th quan h hp tc quc t v
sn xut con ging v cng ngh chn nui
nng cao nng sut, gim gi thnh, nng cao
hiu qu.
4.2. V pha Ngi chn nui v Doanh
nghip
Doanh nghip l mt ch th quan trng
trn th trng, bi Doanh nghip cung cp
cc sn phm u vo v tiu th sn phm
u ra ca qu trnh chn nui. V vy, cn
c s hp tc cht ch gia Doanh nghip
v ngi chn nui mang li hiu qu cao
trong chn nui. Doanh nghip c chuyn
mn v qui m kinh doanh rng hn nn cn
phi c nng lc v nhn s, v ti chnh,
v k thut v c bit c nng lc d bo
nhu cu th trng cng nh hot ng trn
th trng chn nui g cng nghip trnh
ri ro cng l cch gim gi thnh. Bn
thn Doanh nghip c th khng kham ni
tt c cc yu t u vo v cc hot ng
nhng Doanh nghip phi kt hp vi Doanh
nghip khc hoc t chc c chui gi tr
lin kt nhm to ra s n nh trong ton b
hot ng chn nui.
5. KT LUN
Trong xu hng hi nhp kinh t quc
t ngy cng su v rng ca nc ta m
ra nhiu c hi v thch thc. Vic nng cao
nng lc cnh tranh ca mi doanh nghip,
mi ngnh l tt yu. Ngnh chn nui g
cng nghip l mt ngnh mi, c nhiu tim
nng nhng cn non tr i vi nc ta, do
vy gi thnh chn nui cn cao hn so vi
nhiu nc. V vy, vic nghin cu tm
ra cc nguyn nhn lm cho gi thnh tng
cao l cn thit. T c cc gii php gim
gi thnh chn nui, nng cao nng lc cnh
tranh sn phm g cng nghip ca nc ta
so vi cc nc trn th gii, nhm thc y
chn nui g cng nghip pht trin v hng
ti xut khu sang th trng cc nc.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Ngc Hng (TBKTSG), Con ging g cng nghip: Nc ngoi nm gi, ng trn http://www.
qdfeed.com/tin_tuc/tin_trong_nganh/tin_trong_nuoc/3946-Con-ging-cng-nghip-ngoi.html xem
ngy 15/10/2015
[2]. L B Lch, Thc n chn nui, bin php hng u pht trin chn nui bn vng giai on 2010-
2020.
[3]. L m chi phi gi tht g ng trn http://baocongthuong.com.vn/lo-mo-chi-phoi-gia-thit-ga.html
xem ngy 17/02/2016
[4]. Th tng, Quyt nh s: 10/2008/Q-TTg, Ph duyt Chin lc pht trin chn nui n nm
2020.
[5]. Phm Tuyn, Gi thc n chn nui Vit Nam cao hn th gii 20%, bi vit ng trn http://www.
tienphong.vn/Kinh-Te/gia-thuc-an-chan-nuoi-viet-nam-cao-hon-the-gioi-20-804340.tpo. xem ngy
05/01/2015

58
 Nghin cu cc . . .

NGHIN CU CC YU T TC NG CA HNG GI,

HNG NHI N THNG HIU THI TRANG HNG
SANG THEO CM NHN CA KHCH HNG TI
TH TRNG THNH PH H CH MINH
Hong Cu Long*, Nguyn Nht Vinh*
TM TT
Nghin cu ny nhm thc hin tm hiu v cm nhn ca khch hng vi 2 thuc tnh Nhn
t x hi v Nhn t c nhn lin quan nh th no n thi i vi hng nhi thng hiu thi
trang hng sang. T cho thy chng c tc ng nh th no n nh mua v dn n quyt
nh mua ca khch hng. Nghin cu c thc hin vi 249 khch hng ti th trng TP.HCM,
mt th trng nng ng, sc tiu th ln nhng cng cha ng nhiu vn nhy cm lin quan
n cc thng hiu thi trang hng sang b lm nhi. Thang o c kim nh bng h s tin cy
Cronbach Alpha, phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA v kim nh m hnh nghin cu bng phn
tch tng quan, phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh bi qua phn mm SPSS. Kt qu cho thy hnh nh
thng hiu, nh hng x hi v kinh nghim trc y c mt nh hng tch cc n thi
ca ngi tiu dng i vi cc sn phm thi trang gi mo. Trong khi , s hi lng c nhn c
mt nh hng tiu cc n cc sn phm thi trang gi mo. Hn na, nghin cu minh ha thi
ca ngi tiu dng c mt mi quan h mnh m v tch cc vi nh mua cc sn phm thi
trang hng sang gi mo.

T kha: Hng gi, hng nhi, thi trang hng sang, cm nhn khch hng, thnh ph
H Ch Minh.

IMPACTING FACTORS TOWARD LUXURY COUNTERFEIT FASHION

PRODUCTS AS CONSUMER PERCEPTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY

ABSTRACT
This paper aims to study about the implementation of consumersfeeling with 2 attributes
social factor and personal factorthatrelate to counterfeit luxury fashion brands. Then, the paper
shows how these factors influencingthe purchasing intent and drive to buying decisions. A study
was conducted with 249 consumers in Ho Chi Minh City, a dynamic and great market. This place
also contains many sensitive issues relating to counterfeit luxury fashion brands. Cronbach Alpha
is used for reliability, EFA for testing research model,correlation and linear regression analysis
through SPSS. The results show that brand image, social influence and previous experiences have
positive impact on consumer attitudes toward the counterfeit fashion products. While, personal
satisfaction has a negative impact to counterfeit fashion products. Moreover, the study illustrates
consumers attitude have a strong and positive relationship with buying intention towardcounterfeit
luxury fashion products.

Keywords: Counterfeit goods, luxury fashion product, customers feeling, Ho Chi Minh City.
*
ThS. GV. Trng i hc Kinh t TP.HCM. Email: hoangcuulong@ueh.edu.vn

59
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
1. GII THIU
Hin nay, Vit Nam hi nhp su rng
vo nn kinh t th gii. Vit Nam ang hon
thin tin trnh m phn, k kt cc hip nh
thng mi t do th h mi, nh Hip nh
i tc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP); Hip
nh Thng mi t do Vit Nam EU; Hip
nh Thng mi t do Vit Nam - Lin minh
kinh t u... to nn sc cng hng thc
y nn kinh t cng nh cc doanh nghip
bc sang mt giai on mi. y l c hi
cho Vit Nam, cng nh cc nh u t nc
ngoi c mt Vit Nam, nhng cng khng
t kh khn, thch thc i hi cnh tranh gay
gt v quyt lit hn. Nhng v vi phm s
hu tr tu b cm trong lut php quc t v
nh hng n uy tn ca Vit Nam. Vit Nam
vn c lit k trong s nhng quc gia c
mc cao nht v cc hnh vi vi phm. Vit
Nam phi i mt vi cc v kin v vi
phm s hu tr tu ca khch hng v cc t
chc quc t.
Hng gi to ra mt s lng ng k thit
hi ti th trng Vit Nam. c bit, TP.HCM
l mt th trng si ng v m so vi c nc.
Ni y cng l trung tm ca vic tiu th cc
sn phm thi trang c nhn hng gi, hng nhi
nhiu nht ti Vit Nam. Cc thng hiu b
lm gi nhiu nht l cc thng hiu cao cp
nh Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Gucci, Hermes..
Chnh v vy, nghin cu ny c trin khai
thc hin v c tn: Nghin cu cc yu t
tc ng ca hng gi, hng nhi n thng
hiu thi trang hng sang theo cm nhn ca
khch hng ti th trng TP.HCM nhm
mc ch xy dng c khung phn tch, m
hnh v thang o Vit Nam v tc ng ca
hng gi, hng nhi n thng hiu thi trang
hng sang theo cm nhn ca khch hng ti th
trng TP.HCM.
2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Nghin cu s dng phng php tip
cn hn hp, bao gm phng php nghin
cu nh tnh v phng php nghin cu
nh lng. Phng php nh tnh: thc hin
thng qua k thut phng vn su v tho
lun nhm tp trung tm tt khi nim,
xy dng bng cu hi kho st ph hp cho
thang o.Phng php nh lng: Nghin
cu chnh thc c thc hin thng qua
k thut kho st trc tip 249 khch hng
tng s dng hng gi hng nhi nhm
kim nh thang o v m hnh nghin cu l
thuyt. Thang o c kim nh s b bng
h s tin cy Cronbach Alpha, phn tch nhn
t khm ph EFA v kim nh chnh thc
bng CFA, SEM, m hnh l thuyt vi bin
kim sot c kim nh bng phn tch cu
trc a nhm.
3. TNG QUAN C S L THUYT
3.1. Cc nghin cu v hng gi, hng
nhi
Cc nh nghin cu khm ph ra mt
s cc nhn t gii thch cho nhu cu tiu
dng hng gi bao gm gi tr so vi gi c,
li ch t a v x hi ca nhn hiu, s cun
ht bi s mi l, gi (price), cc c im
hng ha (Wee & ctg, 1995; Cordell & ctg,
1996), nhng c im tm l (Wee & ctg,
1995; Cordell & ctg, 1996), cc nh hng x
hi (Ang & ctg, 2001), cc c im c nhn
(ch ngha vt cht, s nhn thc a v x hi
trong tng lai, s t nhn thc v bn thn).
Penz & Stottinger (2005) nghin cu v s
tng ng v khc bit gia cc sn phm
chnh hng v hng gi, hng nhi pht hin
rng v mt nhn thc th ngi tiu dng c
mt khi nim r rng v vic mua hng sang
trng khc hon ton vi vic mua hng gi,
hng nhi. Thng thng, nhng tc nhn
60

thng dng (chng hn nh cht lng v gi
c) c s dng nh gi gia hng cao
cp v hng gi, hng nhi.
Khung phn tch ca Huang & ctg (2003)
bao gm nhn thc v gi c, tham kho gi
c cht lng, nhn thc v ri ro tc ng
n thi . Thi tc ng n hnh vi TP.HCM v cng c s dng k tha tng
ca ngi tiu dng hng gi, hng nhi. M
hnh ca Nordin (2009) m rng t cc m
hnh ca Huang & ctg (2004), De Matos &
ctg (2007), Phau & Teah (2009). M hnh ca
Huang & ctg (2004) c ba yu t, De Matos
& ctg (2007) c su yu t, Phau & Teah
(2009) c tm yu t. S kt hp ca c ba
m hnh thu c mt m hnh vi chn
yu t: (1) thc v gi c ly t nghin cu
ca Huang & ctg (2004), (2) Kh nng nhy
cm vi thng tin, (3) Kh nng nhy cm vi
chun mc, (4) thc gi tr, (5) Tm kim s
mi l v (6) Tiu dng theo ng cp ly t
nghin cu ca De Matos & ctg (2007), v (7)
Ri ro cm nhn c ly t nghin cu ca
Phau & Teah (2009); (8) Tnh ton vn v (9)
S tha mn c nhn ly t nghin cu ca De
Matos & ctg (2007) v Phau & Teah (2009).
Ngoi ra, Nguyen & Tran (2013) kt hp hai
m hnh ca Phau & ctg (2009) v Riquelme
& ctg (2012) xy dng khung khi nim cho
nghin cu bao gm tm yu t chnh: Hnh
nh thng hiu (BM), Ngoi hnh c nhn
(PA), thc v gi tr (VC), nh hng
x hi (SI), S hi lng c nhn (PG), Kinh
nghim mua trc y (PE), Thi i vi
sn phm thi trang gi (ATC) v nh hnh
vi mua sn phm thi trang gi (BI).
3.2. Cc gi thuyt v m hnh nghin
cu
Nghin cu ny k tha khung phn tch
ca Nordin (2009) v Hidayat& Diwasasri
(2013 do tng hp c khung phn tch ca
Nghin cu cc . . .
Huang & ctg (2004), De Matos & ctg (2007),
Phau & Teah (2009) cng nh khai thc c
y cc yu t c nhn cng nh x hi
trn kha cnh tc ng ca hng gi, hng
nhi n thng hiu thi trang hng sang
theo cm nhn ca khch hng ti th trng
i nhiu trong cc nghin cu sau ny ca
Hidayat & Diwasasri (2013), Srivastava &
Banerjeet (2014). Cc nghin cu trc
(Phau & ctg, 2009; Ang & ctg, 2001; Nordin,
2009; Hidayat& Diwasasri, 2013) khng tm
thy bng chng v mi quan h gia s tha
mn c nhn, tnh trng nguyn vn v thi
i vi sn phm thi trang l hng gi,
hng nhi cc thng hiu hng sang nn 2
yu t ny b loi trong m hnh nghin cu
l thuyt.
3.2.1. Thi i vi sn phm hng
gi, hng nhi
Thi l mt khuynh hng thin v
hc hi hnh x trong mt tnh hung theo
mt cch thun li hay khng thun li i
vi mt i tng nht nh. Thi c tng
quan cao vi nh ca mt ngi, l d bo
hp l ca hnh vi (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980).
iu ny c ngha rng nu mt ngi thi
i vi cc sn phm gi mo l thun li,
l rt c th ngi s xem xt vic mua
mt sn phm gi mo, nhng nu thi ca
mt c nhn i sn phm gi mo l khng
thun li, sau rt c th ngi s khng
xem xt vic mua mt sn phm gi mo
(Huang & ctg, 2004).V hng gi l nhng la
chn thay th r hn cho cc sn phm chnh
hng t tin hn, c th khng phi l mt
s khc bit ng k trong cht lng cm
nhn. Ngi tiu dng sn sng tr tin cho
thuc tnh th gic v chc nng m khng tr
tin cho cht lng lin tng (Cordell & ctg,
61
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
1996). Li ch chc nng rt quan trng khi
mua sn phm hng gi. Tuy nhin, n cng
l mong mun s hu uy tn v v th biu
tng vn c trong cc thng hiu ng
k nhn hiu (Cordell & ctg, 1996).
3.2.2. Kh nng nhy cm vi thng tin
v nhy cm vi chun mc
nh hng x hi cp n nhng tc
ng m nhng ngi khc c trn mt hnh
vi tiu dng c nhn (Ang & ctg, 2001).
Hai hnh thc ph bin v s nhy cm ca
ngi tiu dng vi cc nh hng ca x
hi l kh nng nhy cm vi thng tin v
kh nng nhy cm vi chun mc (Wang &
ctg, 2005). Kh nng nhy cm vi thng tin
lin quan n quyt nh mua da trn cc
kin chuyn gia ca nhng ngi khc (Ang
& ctg, 2001; Wang & ctg, 2005), c ngha
l m bo cc kin khc ng mt vai
tr quan trng nh l mt im tham chiu
c bit khi ngi tiu dng c t kin thc
v sn phm hoc thng hiu sn phm.
Ngi tiu dng c th c kh nng nhy
cm vi thng tin khi kin ca chuyn gia
t nhng ngi khc nh hng n s la
chn ca h (v d nh khi ngi khng
bit v sn phm), v vi kh nng nhy cm
vi chun mc, h quan tm nhiu hn trong
vic to ra mt n tng tt cho ngi khc.
Chng ta xy dng c gi thuyt:
Gi thuyt H1: Kh nng nhy cm vi
thng tin c tc ng tiu cc n thi ca
ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm hng gi,
hng nhi.
Gi thuyt H2: Kh nng nhy cm vi
chun mc c tc ng tiu cc n thi
ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm hng
gi, hng nhi.
3.2.3. thc v gi c
Gi c ng mt vai tr quan trng trong
vic nh hng n thi ca ngi tiu
dng v c nghin cu rng ri. Ngi
tiu dng c nhn thc v gi c quan tm
tr mc gi thp hn nhng vi tiu chun
c th chp nhn v cht lng ca sn phm
(Ang & ctg, 2001). Theo l thuyt v phm
vi, ngi ta s dng cc phm vi kinh nghim
v gi thit lp gii hn trn v di vi
nhng k vng v gi c (Huang & ctg, 2004 ).
Gi tham kho nh l mt yu t quan trng
nh hng n hnh vi mua sm ca ngi
tiu dng.
Gi thuyt H3: thc v gi c c tc
ng tch cc n thi ca ngi tiu dng
i vi sn phm hng gi, hng nhi.
3.2.4. thc v gi tr
Bloch & ctg (1993) nh ngha thc
v gi tr l nh gi chung ca ngi tiu
dng v cc tin ch ca mt sn phm da
trn nhng g c nhn v nhng g c
a ra. Hu ht ngi tiu dng cc sn
phm hng gi, hng nhi theo ui cho gi
tr thng hiu, uy tn v li ch v hnh nh,
nhng khng sn sng tr mt mc gi cao
cho n. V vy, i vi mt gi tr thp hn
v cht lng t tiu chun, hng gi, hng
nhi c coi l ng ng tin (Bloch & ctg,
1993; Ang & ctg, 2001; Wang & ctg, 2005),
v sn phm hng gi, hng nhi thng cung
cp cc li ch chc nng ging nh hng
chnh hng, nhng gi c ch bng mt phn
nh gi c ca cc sn phm chnh hng.
Ngi tiu dng bit nhn thc v gi tr xem
mnh l ngi thng minh khi mua hng. H
lo ngi tr mt mc gi thp nhng sn phm
chu mt s hn ch v cht lng.
Gi thuyt H4: thc v gi tr c tc
ng tch cc n thi ca ngi tiu dng
i vi sn phm hng gi, hng nhi.
3.2.5. Ri ro cm nhn
Mitchell (1999) cho rng nhn thc ri ro
l suy ngh ch quan v vic xc nh tn tht,
62

vi hai hm l s khng chc chn v hu
qu xu. Ri ro cm nhn l mt trong cc
bin gii thch chnh trong hnh vi ca ngi
tiu dng, quan trng trong quyt nh mua
hng, xut rng ngi tiu dng tm cch
gim s khng chc chn v cc h qu bt
li ca quyt nh mua. Mitchell (1999) ch
ra rng khch hng c xu hng xem xt ri
ro cm nhn hn l ti a ha nhn thc li
ch khi thc hin quyt nh mua hng. Ri ro
cm nhn gm: Chc nng, Ti chnh, X hi,
Th cht, Tm l, Ri ro v thi gian.
Gi thuyt H5: Ri ro cm nhn c tc
ng tch cc n thi ca ngi tiu dng
i vi sn phm hng gi, hng nhi.
3.2.6. Tm kim s mi l
Wang & ctg (2005) nh ngha Tm kim
s mi l l s t m ca cc c nhn khi tm
kim s a dng v khc bit trong vic mua
hng ha. Mt ngi tiu dng ang nghing
v hng c gng lm mi sn phm c l s
c thi tch cc i vi sn phm hng gi,
hng nhi. Ngi tiu dng tm kim s mi
l c bit nghing v pha cc sn phm vi
ri ro khi mua thp. Do , vic mua sn phm
hng gi, hng nhi vi chi ph thp rt thch
hp p ng s t m v s cn thit cho
vic th nghim ca h (Wee & ctg, 1995).
Gi thuyt H6: Tm kim s mi l c tc
ng tch cc n thi ca ngi tiu dng
i vi sn phm hng gi, hng nhi.
3.2.7. Tiu dng theo ng cp
Ngi tiu dng theo ng cp c thc
hn trong vic hin th cc thnh tu (Phau &
Teah, 2009). Ngi tiu dng nhiu kh nng
s mua v thm ch phi tr nhiu hn cho
mt sn phm c ng cp. ng nghip hay
Nghin cu cc . . .
cc thnh vin trong gia nh nn bit rng khi
mua sn phm hng gi, ngi tiu dng theo
ng cp cm thy rng hnh nh ca h ang
b mt i do h c thi i vi cc sn
phm hng gi, hng nhi s khng thun li.
Gi thuyt H7: Tiu dng theo ng cp c
tc ng tiu cc n thi ca ngi tiu
dng i vi sn phm hng gi, hng nhi.
3.2.8. nh mua
Thi l mt yu t d on nh
v hnh vi ca ngi tiu dng (Fishbien &
Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen, 1991). Mc d thi
i vi hnh vi c coi l mt yu t d
bo hnh vi ca ngi tiu dng tt hn so
vi thi i vi cc sn phm (Fishbien
& Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen, 1991), nhng thi
i vi hng gi, hng nhi cng c xem
l mt yu t c nh hng quan trng n
tng mua hng gi, hng nhi (Phau &
Teah, 2009). Hng gi, hng nhi c ri ro v
mt ti chnh, tuy nhin, nu n p ng s
mong i v p ng cc nhu cu ca ngi
tiu dng, n cng c th lm ngi tiu dng
cm thy hi lng khi s dng. V vy, thi
i vi hng gi, hng nhi l mt yu t
quan trng d on nh mua hng gi,
hng nhi c bit l cho cc nhn hiu thi
trang sang trng (Nordin, 2009). C mt mi
quan h tch cc gia thi thun li v
nh mua i vi hng gi, hng nhi (Ang
& ctg, 2001; Huang & ctg, 2004; Matos &
ctg, 2007; Phau & Teah, 2009; Nguyen &
Tran, 2013).
Gi thuyt H8: Thi i vi sn
phm hng gi, hng nhi c tc ng tch
cc n nh mua i vi sn phm hng
gi, hng nhi.
63
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
3.3. M hnh nghin cu ngh
Hnh 1. M hnh nghin cu cc yu t tc ng ca hng gi, hng nhi n thng hiu thi trang
hng sang theo cm nhn ca khch hng
4. THIT K NGHIN CU V O
LNG
4.1. Mu nghin cu v thu thp d liu
Nghin cu ny c tin hnh thng qua
hai bc: (1) nghin cu nh tnh nhm iu
chnh v b sung cc thang o, (2) nghin
cu nh lng nhm thu thp, phn tch d
liu kho st, cng nh kim nh thang o,
kim nh m hnh nghin cu l thuyt v
cc gi thuyt.Nghin cu c thc hin
ti TP.HCM. Sau khi hon tt bng cu hi,
bc th nghim c tin hnh c c
bng cu hi tt hn so vi mc tiu ra.
Bng cu hi cng c s gp ca chuyn
gia trong lnh vc hng gi, hng nhi cc
thng hiu thi trang hng sang. Tip n
tin hnh kho st th vi 50 ngi. Sau khi
pht hnh 300 mu, sau qu trnh phn tch,
loi b li sai st v khng t yu cu, kt
qu thu c 249 mu hp l.
4.2. Xy dng thang o
4.2.1. Thang o Kh nng nhy cm vi
thng tin
Kh nng nhy cm vi thng tinphn
nh nh thc hin hnh vi mua mt hng
ny trong tng lai ca ngi tiu dng.
Thang o ny da vo thang o ca De Matos
& ctg (2007) gm 04 bin quan st, NCTT1
NCTT4.
4.2.2. Thang o Kh nng nhy cm vi
chun mc
Kh nng nhy cm vi chun mc a
64

ra quyt nh mua hng da trn mong i
ca nhng ngi xung quanh s gy n tng.
Thang o ny da vo thang o ca De Matos
& ctg (2007) gm 04 bin quan st, NCCM1
NCCM4.
4.2.3. Thang o thc v gi c
Gi c ng mt vai tr quan trng trong
vic nh hng n thi ca ngi tiu
dng. Ngi tiu dng c nhn thc v gi
c quan tm tr mc gi thp hn nhng vi
tiu chun c th chp nhn v cht lng ca
sn phm. Thang o ny da vo thang o ca
Huang & ctg (2004) gm 04 bin quan st,
YTGC1 YTGC4.
4.2.4. Thang o thc v gi tr
thc v gi tr c nh ngha l
nh gi chung ca ngi tiu dng v cc
tin ch ca mt sn phm da trn nhng g
m h nhn c v nhng g c a ra.
Thang o ny da vo thang o ca De Matos
& ctg (2007) gm 04 bin quan st, YTGT1
YTGT 4.
4.2.5. Thang o Ri ro cm nhn
Ri ro cm nhn c ngha l ngi tiu
dng tm cch gim s khng chc chn v
cc h qu bt li ca cc quyt nh mua.
Ri ro cm nhn l mt trong cc bin gii
thch chnh trong hnh vi ca ngi tiu dng,
quan trng trong quyt nh mua hng,
xut rng ngi tiu dng tm cch gim s
khng chc chn v cc h qu bt li ca cc
quyt nh mua hng ca chnh bn thn h.
Thang o ny da vo thang o ca Phau &
Teah (2009); gm 04 bin quan st, RRCN1
RRCN4.
4.2.6. Thang o Tm kim s mi l
Tm kim s mi l l s t m ca cc
c nhn tm kim s a dng v khc bit.
Thang o ny da vo thang o ca Phau &
Teah (2009); gm 04 bin quan st, TKML1
TKML4.
Nghin cu cc . . .
4.2.7. Thang o Tiu dng theo ng cp
Ngi tiu dng theo ng cp c thc
hn trong vic hin th cc thnh tu. Ngi
tiu dng c nhiu kh nng s mua v thm
ch phi tr nhiu hn cho mt sn phm c
ng cp. Thang o ny da vo thang o ca
Phau & Teah (2009); gm 04 bin quan st,
TDDC1 TDDC4.
4.2.8. Thang o Thi i vi sn phm
thi trang l hng gi, hng nhi
Cc thng hiu sang trng: Thi l
mt khuynh hng thin v hc hi hnh
x trong mt tnh hung theo mt cch thun
li hay khng thun li i vi mt i tng
nht nh.Thang o ny da vo thang o ca
Phau & Teah (2009); gm 04 bin quan st,
TDSP1 TDSP4.
4.2.9. Thang o nh mua i vi sn
phm thi trang l hng gi, hng nhi
Cc thng hiu sang trng: Thang o ny
da vo thang o ca Phau & Teah (2009);
gm 05 bin quan st, YDMH1 YDMH5.
4.3. Sng lc d liu
Cronbach Alpha l cng c gip loi i
nhng bin quan st, nhng thang o khng
t yu cu, cc bin rc c th to ra cc yu
t gi. Cc quan st c h s tng quan bin
- tng < 0.40 s b loi v tiu chun chn
thang o khi h s Cronbach Alpha t 0.60
tr ln (Nunnally & Burnstein, 1994). o
lng mc ph hp ca m hnh vi thng
tin th trng, s dng Chi-square (CMIN:2).
M hnh c xem l thch hp vi d liu th
trng khi kim nh Chi-square c P-value >
0.05. Sau khi thu thp xong d liu t ngi
tiu dng, cc bng phng vn c xem xt
v loi i nhng bng khng t yu cu, m
ha, nhp liu v lm sch bngphn mm
SPSS 16.0.
5. KT QU NGHIN CU
5.1. c im ca mu nghin cu
65
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Nghin cu c kho st bng bng cu
hi, trong bao gm 37 bin quan st v mt
s cu hi c trng. Da vo kt qu xy
dng cc thang o v tin hnh thit k bng
cu hi hon chnh phc v cho cng tc
thu thp thng tin trong phn nghin cu nh
lng. Bng cu hi s dng thang o Likert
5 khong cch.
5.2. Kim nh h s tin cy Cronbach
Alpha v kt qu phn tch nhn t khm
ph EFA
Bin c h s tng quan bin - tng
nh hn 0.40 s b loi. Tiu chun chn
thang o c tin cy Cronbach Alpha t
0.6 tr ln (Nunnally & Burnstein, 1994).
Kt qu Cronbach Alpha ca 7 khi nim.
Sau EFA cn kim nh CFA v SEM,
cc khi nim sau khi rt ra c th tng
quan vi nhau v cng rt quan tm n
s phn bit r rng gia cc nhn t, nn
phng php trch c chn phn tch
l Principal Axis Factoring vi php xoay
Promax. Cch tin hnh phn tch c
thc hin nh sau: Phn tch t hp ca 28
bin quan st. Sau khi dng tiu chun ca
EFA loi b 4 bin: NCCM3, TKML1,
TKML2, RRCN4.
Kt qu trch c cn 7 nhn t gm
24 bin. H s KMO=0.832 mc ngha
Sigma l 0.000 trong kim nh Barlett
test. Nh vy gi thuyt v ma trn tng
quan tng th l ma trn ng nht b bc
b, tc l cc bin c tng quan vi nhau
v tha iu kin trong phn tch nhn t.
Kt qu trch 7 nhn t tha cc iu kin:
KMO = 0.832 > 0.5, h s factor loading
u ln hn 0.5, phng sai trch t
64.714% ln hn 50% v khc bit h s
ti nhn t ca mt bin quan st 0.40. H
s Cronbach Alpha ca 7 nhn t, tt c u
tha iu kin h s tng quan bin - tng
u trn 0.4 v tin cy ln hn 0.60. Kt
qu EFA cho 7 thnh phn gm 24 bin
s dng Principal axis factoring vi php
xoay Promax.
5.3. Kim nh thang o bng CFA
T kt qu ca EFA ca phn mm
SPSS, cho thy rng c 9 khi nim chnh
vi 33 bin quan st c s dng trong
m hnh nghin cu sau ny chy CFA
v SEM trn phn mm AMOS, d liu
phn tch dng c mu N = 249, vi thang
Likert 5 khong cch. o lng mc ph
hp ca m hnh vi thng tin th trng:
Kt qu phn tch CFA cho thy m hnh
ny c gi tr thng k: Chi-bnh phng
l 742.557 vi 451 bc t do vi gi tr
thng k p-value = 0.000. Khi tnh tng
i theo bc t do CMIN/df t 1.646 <2.
Kt qu ny t tng thch vi d liu
th trng, hn na cc ch tiu khc cng
t yu cu (TLI = 0,900, CFI = 0.915 u
ln hn 0.9, v RMSEA = 0.051 < 0.08). V
vy, kt lun m hnh ti hn t c
tng thch vi d liu th trng.
Tnh n hng: Thnh phn Tm kim
s mi l, Kh nng nhy cm vi chun
mc, Ri ro cm nhn t c tnh n
hng. Thnh phn Kh nng nhy cm vi
thng tin, thc v gi c, thc v gi
tr, Tiu dng theo ng cp, nh mua
i vi sn phm thi trang l hng gi,
hng nhi cc thng hiu sang khng t
c tnh n hng (v c sai s quan st).
Sau khi thc hin hiu chnh m hnh bng
cch ni cc cp sai s ca cc cp bin o
lng tng ng trong m hnh, cc ch s
nh gi ph hp ca m hnh c ci
thin v t yu cu.
66

Hnh 2. Kt qu CFA m hnh o lng ti hn (chun ha)
5.4. Kim nh m hnh nghin cu
M hnh l thuyt chnh thc c 9 khi
nim nghin cu trong m hnh. tin cy
90% th cc khi nim: Tm kim s mi l,
Kh nng nhy cm vi thng tin, Tiu dng
theo ng cp b loi khi m hnh. Tin hnh
chy li m hnh SEM vi 5 khi nim cn
li. Kt qu phn tch cu trc tuyn tnh
SEM cui cng cho thy m hnh c 161 bc
t do vi gi tr thng k Chi-bnh phng l
333.315, df = 161, p-value = 0.000, CMIN/
Nghin cu cc . . .
df = 2.070< 3. Hn na cc ch tiu khc nh
TLI = 0.902, CFI = 0.917 u ln hn 0.9,
RMSEA = 0.066 < 0.08. Vy kt lun l m
hnh ny thch hp vi d liu thu thp t th
trng. Hn na cc trng s cha chun ha
mang du dng v c gi tr cao th khi
nim c lp tng ng tc ng cng mnh
n khi nim ph thuc v c ngha thng
k (i > 0.5 v p < 0.05) u t tiu chun
cho php v c ngha thng k v cc gi tr
p u bng 0.000.
67
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

Hnh 3. Kt qu SEM ca m hnh l thuyt (hiu chnh)

5.5. Kim nh gi thuyt

Nh tho lun, c 8 gi thuyt (k hiu t H1 n H8) cn kim nh.
Bng 1: Kt qu kim nh cc gi thuyt
Kt
Mi quan h ML P Gi thuyt
qu
H1: Kh nng nhy cm vi thng tin c tc ng tiu
Bc
TDSP NCTT -.003 0.977 cc n thi ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm
b
hng gi, hng nhi
H2: Kh nng nhy cm vi cc chun mc c tc ng
Bc
TDSP NCCM .226 0.000 tiu cc n thi ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm
b
hng gi, hng nhi
H3: Nhn thc v gi c c tc ng tch cc n thi
Chp
TDSP YTGC .149 0.048 ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm hng gi, hng
nhn
nhi
H4: Nhn thc v gi tr c tc ng tiu cc n thi
Bc
TDSP YTGT -.220 0.017 ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm hng gi, hng
b
nhi
H5: Ri ro cm nhn c tc ng tch cc n thi
Bc
TDSP RRCN -.020 0.836 ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm hng gi, hng
b
nhi
H6: Tm kim s mi l c tc ng tch cc n thi
Bc
TDSP TKML .157 0.114 ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm hng gi, hng
b
nhi
H7: Tiu dng theo ng cp c tc ng tiu cc n
Bc
TDSP TDDC -.046 0.669 thi ca ngi tiu dng i vi sn phm hng gi,
b
hng nhi
H8: Thi i vi sn phm hng gi, hng nhi c tc
Chp
YDMH TDSP .899 0.048 ng tch cc n nh mua i vi sn phm hng gi,
nhn
hng nhi

68

6. BIN LUN V NG DNG
Trong iu kin ti th trng TP.HCM,
37 bin quan st c s dng trong m hnh
nghin cu l thuyt b loi 4 bin sau
khi chy EFA. Trong qu trnh o lng cm
nhn ca khch hng, tin cy 90% th
cc khi nim: Tm kim s mi l, Kh nng
nhy cm vi thng tin, Tiu dng theo ng
cp b loi khi m hnh. Kt qu ny ph
hp vi nghin cu ca Nordin (2009), Ang
& ctg (2001), Hidayat& Diwasasri (2013),
Srivastava & Banerjeet (2014).
Kt qu nghin cu khng thy tc ng
ca yu t nhn khu hc: gii tnh, tnh trng
hn nhn i vi Thi i vi sn phm thi
trang l hng gi, hng nhi cc thng hiu
sang trng ca ngi mua hng gi, hng nhi
ti th trng TP.HCM. Ring tui tc c tc
ng i vi Thi i vi sn phm thi
trang l hng gi, hng nhi cc thng hiu
sang trng. Kt qu nghin cu ny cng ng
h cc kt qu nghin cu trc y.Ngoi
ra, c nhiu nghin cu cho thy rng nhng
ngi mua hng gi mo c xu hng n t
cc nhm tr tui (Phau & ctg, 2001; Tom &
ctg, 1998; Wee & ctg, 1995). Nhng ngi ny
tin rng, vic t mnh s hu cc sn phm theo
ng nhu cu v kh nng ca mnh l iu
ct yu ca cuc sng v em li hnh phc.
Nhng ngi ln tui tham gia trong nghin
cu ny cng khng nh rng, trong qu kh
h him khi chn mua hng gi mo.
Trn c s kt qu ca nghin cu ny v tc
ng ca hng gi, hng nhi n thng hiu
thi trang hng sang theo cm nhn ca khch
hng ti th trng TP.HCM, cc gii php c
a ra cho nh qun tr trong c qun qun l
nh nc v doanh nghip nh sau:
Th nht, Thi i vi sn phm thi
trang l hng gi, hng nhi cc thng hiu
sang trng l yu t tc ng mnh nht n
Nghin cu cc . . .
nh mua ca ngi tiu dng. Nh vy y
l thnh phn m nh qun tr cn phi lu
trc tin khi thc hin cc bin php nhm
lm gim nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng i vi
mt hng ny.i vi ngi tiu dng, cn
gio dc nng cao tinh thn cnh gic khi mua
hng v phi nhn thc r nhim v ca mnh
trong vic chng hng nhi, hng gi. Nh sn
xut phi b kinh ph thng bo n ngi
tiu dng phn bit hng tht ca mnh vi
hng gi v c chnh sch khen thng kp
thi cho nhng ngi tiu dng pht hin ra
hng nhi, hng gi.
Th hai, nng cao vai tr ca cng ng
trong vic nh hng hnh vi tiu dng ng
n. Nghin cu cho thy Kh nng nhy cm
vi chun mc tc ng tch cc n Thi
i vi sn phm thi trang l hng gi, hng
nhi cc thng hiu sang trng. Ngi tiu
dng s khng mua hng gi nu nhn c
thy s phn i t nhng ngi quan trng
vi h. V vy m cc doanh nghip v nh
nc nn thc hin cc chin dch marketing
khuyn khch vic truyn ming gia
bn b, cc thnh vin trong gia nh, ng
nghip... to hiu ng phn i hng gi
lan ta trong cng ng t nh hng n
mi ngi tiu dng.
Th ba, Thi i vi sn phm thi
trang l hng gi, hng nhi cc thng hiu
sang trng s gim nu ngi tiu dng cho
rng vic lm l tri o c, to ra tro
lu tiu dng khng ng n v gy tn hi
cho nn kinh t. V vy vic truyn thng phi
gn vi nhng ni dung cho thy hng gi to
ra s cnh tranh khng cng bng, nh hng
n s pht trin kinh t bn vng, lm tht
thu thu, gia tng tht nghip, tc hi n an
sinh x hi nng cao thc o c trong
cng ng ngi tiu dng.
69
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Th t, phi hon chnh hnh lang php
l v thc thi quyn S hu tr tu. Cc iu
quy nh trong Lut phi c hng dn,
x l c th c quan thc thi tin hnh
tho ng. Mt mt cn y mnh s phi
hp cht ch gia cc ngnh, c quan c lin
quan vi b phn qun l th trng, mt mt
tng cng s lng v cht lng cn b
nng lc, trnh cho b phn ny cng nh
tng cng cc phng tin cn thit cho vic
gim nh, kim tra x l kp thi, chnh
xc. Mc x pht cng cn c xem xt
li sao cho c sc rn e ti phm.
Th nm, theo kinh nghim t cc nc
cho thy vai tr tham gia ca doanh nghip -
ch s hu quyn s hu tr tu trong thc thi
l rt quan trng. Lut S hu tr tu ca Vit
Nam cng quy nh y khng ch l quyn
m cn l trch nhim ca cc doanh nghip
trong cng tc, phi hp v hp tc vi cc
c quan php lut. S lin minh gia cc nh
sn xut trong u tranh chng hng gi cn
tch cc hn na. Doanh nghip khng c
bung lng trong qun l, gim st tiu th
hng ho ca mnh, khng nn coi vic chng
hng gi l ca cc c quan thc thi php lut.
Th su, xu hng mua hng thi trang
cao cp gi khng c s khc bit cc nhm
gii tnh, tui, tnh trng hn nhn, thu nhp,
trnh hc vn nn cc chin lc truyn
thng khng phi phn loi i tng theo
tiu ch ny. Cc nh sn xut hng chnh
hng cn nhn mnh tm quan trng ca vic
mua cc sn phm chnh hng v nu nh
TI LIU THAM KHO
A. Ting Vit
[1]. Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th MaiT rang( 2002). ,Nghin cu cc thnh phn ca gitrt hng hiu
v o lng chng trong th trng hn gtiu dng Vit Nam, B2002-22-33, i hc Kinh t TP.HCM.
[2]. Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2008), Nghin cu khoa hc Marketing - ng dng
m hnh cu trc tuyn tnh SEM, NXB i hc Quc gia TP.HCM, tr.4-160.
mua hng gi, hng nhi c ngha l ngi
tiu dng khng nh gi cao cng sc bn
thn lm ra.
7. KT LUN V GII HN CA
NGHIN CU
C th c nhiu yu t khc na gp phn
vo vic gii thch xu hng mua hng gi,
hng nhi cc thng hiu sang trng. Bn
cnh , cc yu t tc ng n thi i
vi sn phm thi trang l hng gi, hng nhi
cc thng hiu sang trng cng cn c
nghin cu c th a ra cc gii php
hon chnh hn mang li hiu qu nhiu
hn cho cng tc u tranh chng hng gi.
Vn ny cho chng ta cc hng khc cho
cc nghin cu tip theo.
Tng t nh bt k nghin cu no,
nghin cu ny cng c nhng hn ch. Mt
l, nghin cu ny ch c thc hin ti
TP.HCM vi phng php chn mu thun
tin theo s mu phn tch cho m hnh
tng qut. S lng mu cng tng i thp
cng l mt hn ch nht nh. Kh nng tng
qut ha kt qu ca nghin cu s cao hn
nu n c lp li ti mt s thnh ph khc
na ti Vit Nam vi mt phng php chn
mu c tnh i din cao hn. V vy, hng
nghin cu u tin tip theo l cc nghin cu
lp li ti cc thnh ph ln Vit Nam vi
phng php chn mu ngu nhin. Hai l,
nghin cu ny ch xem xt ba yu t chnh
tc ng n Thi i vi sn phm thi
trang l hng gi, hng nhi cc thng hiu
sang trng.
70
 Nghin cu cc . . .
[3]. Nguyn nh Th (2012), Phng php nghin cu khoa hc trong kinh doanh, NXB Lao ng x hi.
[4]. Nguyn Khnh Duy (2009), Bi ging thc hnh m hnh cu trc tuyn tnh vi phm mm AMOS,
Bn tho ln 1, tr. 14-73.
[5]. Phm c K & Bi Nguyn Hng (2007), Nghin cu s trung thnh ca khch hng i vi dch
v thng tin di ng ti th trng TP.HCM, i hc Bch khoa TP.HCM.
B. Ting Anh
[6]. Aaker, D. A. (1991), Managing brand equity: Capitalising on the Value of a Brand Name, New
York: Free Press.
[7]. Ajzen, I. (1991), The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and
Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
[8]. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975), Belief Altitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory
and Research. Reading, MA: ACTison-Wesley.
[9]. Ambler, T. & Styles C. (1996), Brand development versus new product development: towards a
process model of extension decisions, Marketing Intelligence & Planning,Vol.14, No.7, 1019.
[10]. Ang, S.H., Cheng, P.S., Lim, E.A.C. and Tambyah, S.K. (2001), Spot the difference: Consumer
responses towards counterfeits, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 18 No. 3, 219-35.
[11]. Bian, X. & Moutinho, L. (2009), An investigation of determinants of counterfeit purchase
consideration. Journal of Business and Research, No.62: 368-378.
[12]. Carpenter, J. M. & Lear, K. (2011), Consumer attitudes toward counterfeit
fashion produscts: Does gender matter,Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and
Managemnet,Vol. 7, No.1, 1-16.
[13]. Cordell, V., Wongtada, N. & Kieschnick, R. L. Jr (1996), Counterfeit purchase intentions: role of lawfulness
attitudes and product traits as determinants, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 35 No. 1, 41-53.
[14]. Davis, S. (2002), Implementing your BAM strategy: 11 steps to making your brand a more
valueable business assest, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.19, No.6, 503-13.
[15]. De Matos, C. A., Ituassu, C. T., & Rossi, C. A. V. (2007), Consumer attitudes toward counterfeits:
A review and extension. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.24, No.1, 36-47.
[16]. Kapferer, J-N., Bastien, V. (2009), The specificity of luxury management: Turning marketing
upside down, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 16, Issue 5, 311-322.
[17]. Keller, K. L. (1997), Brand management strategies, Prentice Hall.
[18]. Nguyen, V. P., & Tran, T. T. (2013), Modeling of Determinants Influence in Consumer
Behavior towards Counterfeit Fashion Products, Business Management Dynamics,
Vol.2, No.12, June 2013, 12-23.
[19]. Nordin, N. (2009), A Study on Consumers Attitude towards Counterfeit Products in Malaysia,
Thesis of Master of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of
Tenaga National.
[20]. Hidayat, A., & Diwasasri, A. H. A. (2013). Factors influencing attitudes and intention
to purchase counterfeit of luxury brands among Indonesian Consumers. International
Journal of Marketing Studies,Vol.5, No.4, 143.
[21]. Huang, J. H., Lee, B. C. Y., & Ho, S. H. (2004). Consumer attitude toward gray market goods.
International Marketing Review, 21(6). 598-614.
[22]. Penz, E., & Stottinger, B. (2005), Forget the Real Thing - Take the Copy! An
Explanatory Model for the Volitional Purchase of Counterfeit Products. Advances in
Consumer Research, 32, 568-575.
[23]. Phau, I., & Teah, M. (2009), Devil wears (counterfeit) Prada: A study of antecedents and outcomes of
attitudes towards counterfeits of luxury brands. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.26, No.1, 15-27.
[24]. Srivastava, V. & Banerjeet, S. (2014), Personality Factors for Non-deceptive Counterfeiting of
Luxury Brand: A Study of Young Indian Consumers.
[25]. Swami, V., Chamorro-Premuzic, T. & Furnham, A. (2009), Faking it: Personality and Individual
Difference Predictors of Willingness to Buy Counterfeit Goods. The Journal of SocioEconomics,
Vol.38, 820-825.
[26]. Wee, C., Tan, S. J. & Cheok, K. H. (1995), Non-price determinants of intention to purchase
counterfeit goods, International Marketing Review, Vol.12, No.6, 19.

71
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

DCH V NGN HNG BN L TI NGN HNG THNG

MI C PHN U T V PHT TRIN VIT NAM,
CHI NHNH BNH DNG
Phan Trng Ngha*
TM TT
Nghin cu ny xem xt mi quan h gia cht lng dch v (CLDV) ngn hng bn l
(NHBL) v s hi lng ti ngn hng thng mi c phn u t v pht trin chi nhnh Bnh
Dng (BIDV - CNBD). Mi quan h ny c kim nh vi 291 khch hng bn l ti BIDV -
CNBD. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy CLDV l yu t quan trng lm khch hng hi lng. C th
BIDV - CNBD cn a dng ha danh mc dch v, ch trng ng dng cng ngh, o to i ng
CBNV chuyn nghip, pht trin mng li hot ng ra khp a bn tnh, tng cng quan h hp
tc v lin kt vi khch hng. Cui cng tc gi trnh by hm nghin cu cho cc nh qun tr
c ci nhn tng qut, ra chnh sch, chin lc pht trin ng hng v hiu qu, gi vng v
v th ca mnh trong tng lai v hng nghin cu tip theo.

T kha: cht lng dch v, s hi lng ca khch hng, ngn hng bn l

THE SERVICES OF RETAIL BANKING IN JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL

BANK FOR INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM, BINH
DUONG BRANCH

ABSTRACT
Retail reseach service examines the relationship between the quality of retail banking (retail
banking) and satisfaction at the Joint Stock Commercial Bank For Investment And Development of
Vietnam - Binh Duong Branch (BIDV - Binh Duong Branch). This relationship is calibrated with
291 retail customers in BIDV- Binh Duong Branch. Research results show that service gap is an
important factor making customers happy. Specifically BIDV- Binh Duong Branch necessary to
diversify portfolio of services, focusing on the application of technology, training professional staff,
network development activities throughout the province, to strengthen ties cooperation and links
with customers. Finally, the author presents research implications for executives has an overview,
set policy and strategy development in the right direction and efficiency, to maintain its position in
the future and the next research.

Keywords: service quality, customer satisfaction, retail banking

*
ThS. Gim c Ngn hng BIDV Chi nhnh Sng B.

72

1. GII THIU
S pht trin hot ng NHBL l xu hng
tt yu v ngy cng chim v tr vai tr quan
trng trong hot ng ngn hng thng mi
trn th gii, mt quc gia cng pht trin th
hot ng NHBL chim t trng cng cao.
Ring Vit Nam, hot ng NHBL ch pht
trin mnh mt s nm gn y, c bit thi
thi k m ca nn kinh t v hi nhp quc
t ca Vit Nam tr nn su v rng, nh
gia nhp ASEAN, WTO, APEC, AFTA
Cho n nay mt s ngn hng thng mi
Vit Nam pht trin mnh hot ng NHBL,
c thng hiu nh ACB, Sacombank,
Eximbank, mt s ngn hng nc ngoi
nh ANZ, HSBCMc d nhng nm gn
y, BIDV - CNBD ci thin rt ln
hi nhp v chuyn hng hot ng NHBL.
Tuy nhin, s pht trin cn kh khim tn, t
trng quy m NHBL chim khng qu 30%,
t trng hiu qu, thu nhp khng qu 35%.
Trong xu hng sp ti, ngn hng thng
mi no c tc nng cao CLDV nhanh hn
th kh nng thnh cng cao hn trong qu
trnh cnh tranh. o lng dch v ngn hng
chnh l o lng mc hi lng ca khch
hng khi s dng dch v. S hi lng cng
cao th cht lng cng tt, khch hng s s
dng dch v nhiu ln, s dng nhiu loi
dch v v ph bin cho ngi khc cng s
dng, t pht trin c nn khch hng,
tng quy m dch v v tng hiu qu hot
ng cho ngn hng. V vy, mc tiu nghin
cu nhm khm ph cc thnh phn CLDV
NHBL, xy dng v kim nh m hnh v
mi quan h gia CLDV v s hi lng ca
khch hng bn l ti BIDV - CNBD. Cc
phn tip theo ca bi vit ny bao gm: (1)
c s l thuyt v m hnh nghin cu, (2)
phng php v kt qu nghin cu, (3) hm
Dch v ngn hng . . .
cho nh qun tr, cng nh nhng hn ch
v hng nghin cu tip theo.
2. M HNH NGHIN CU
2.1. Cht lng dch v
CLDV c nhiu cch nh ngha khc
nhau ty thuc vo i tng nghin cu v
mi trng nghin cu. Theo Lehtinen (1982)
cho l CLDV phi c nh gi trn 2 kha
cnh, (1) qu trnh cung cp dch v, (2) kt
qu ca dch v. Gronroos (1984) cng
ngh hai thnh phn ca CLDV, l (1) cht
lng k thut, l nhng g khch hng
nhn c v (2) l cht lng chc nng.
Theo Parasurman, Zeithaml v Berry (1988,
trang 17) th nh ngha CLDV l khong
cch mong i v sn phm dch v ca khch
hng v nhn thc, cm nhn ca h khi s
dng qua sn phm dch v . Cc tc gi
ny khi xng phng php nghin cu
nh tnh v nh lng xy dng v kim
nh thang o cc thnh phn CLDV (gi l
thang o SERVQUAL). Thang o ny c
iu chnh v kim nh nhiu dch v khc
nhau .Cui cng c o lng bng 22 bin
quan st vi 5 thnh phn gm: (1) S hu
hnh Tangibles, (2) S tin cy Reliability,
(3) S p ng Responsiveness, (4) S m
bo Assurance, (5) S ng cm Empathy.
Parasuraman v cc cng s khng nh rng
SERVQUAL l thang o hon chnh v CLDV,
t gi tr v tin cy, c th p ng cho
mi loi hnh dch v khc nhau. Tuy nhin,
mi ngnh dch v c th li c nhng c th
ring ca n (Bojanic, 1991; Cronin & Taylor,
1992; Dabholkar & ctg, 1996; Lassar & ctg,
2000; Mehta ctg, 2000; Nguyn & ctg, 2003).
V vy, khi tin hnh nghin cu CLDV cho
NHBL, thang o SERVQUAL nn c ci
tin li sao cho ph hp vi c im ring
ca tng dch v.
73
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
2.2. Mi quan h gia cht lng dch
v v s hi lng ca khch hng
Theo quan im ca ngi Vit Nam
Khch hng chnh l thng , l ngi
quyt nh doanh s da trn mc hi lng
ca h v cht lng ca sn phm dch v
m h s dng. V vy, phng chm hot
ng ca cc nh cung ng sn phm dch v
l phi tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng v
khi , kh nng h tip tc mua hng l
rt cao.
Theo quan im ca Philip Kotler (1991)
S hi lng ca khch hng chnh l trng
thi cm nhn ca mt ngi qua vic tiu
dng sn phm dch v, v mc li ch m
mt sn phm dch v thc t em li so vi
nhng g ngi k vng.
Hay theo quan im ca Bachelet (1995)
Hnh 1: M hnh nghin cu
Cc gi thuyt c t ra l:
H1: C mi quan h cng chiu gia
thnh phn s hu hnh ca CLDV v s hi
lng ca khch hng.
H2: C mi quan h cng chiu gia thnh
phn s tin cy ca CLDV v s hi lng ca
khch hng.
th S hi lng l phn ng mang tnh cm
xc ca khch hng v mt sn phm, dch v
da trn nhng kinh nghim c nhn.
Qua cc khi nim, nhn thy CLDV l
yu t tc ng nhiu nht n s hi lng
ca khch hng, do mun nng cao s hi
lng ca khch hng, nh cung cp dch v
phi nng cao CLDV. CLDV ch tp trung c
th vo nhng thnh phn ca dch v nhng
n l ngun gc quan trng, l ci c to ra
trc v sau quyt nh n s hi lng ca
khch hng. V vy, chng ta c th dng s
hi lng ca khch hng o lng CLDV.
2.3. Cc gi thuyt m hnh nghin cu
M hnh nghin cu v cc gi thuyt
c trnh by ti hnh 1. M hnh ny biu
din mi quan h gia CLDV NHBL v s
hi lng ca khch hng .
H3: C mi quan h cng chiu gia
thnh phn s p ng ca CLDV v s hi
lng ca khch hng.
H4: C mi quan h cng chiu gia
thnh phn s m bo ca CLDV v s hi
lng ca khch hng.
H5: C mi quan h cng chiu gia thnh
74

phn s ng cm ca CLDV v s hi lng
ca khch hng.
3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1. Thang o
Nh ni phn trc, thang o
SERVQUAL c s dng kh rng ri,
nhng o lng CLDV cho NHBL th cn
phi iu chnh cho ph hp. Ti Vit Nam,
thang o ca Lu Vn Nghim (2008) c
xem l thang o c th s dng thch hp trong
nhiu th trng dch v bn l. Tuy nhin,
do thang o ny ch yu cho dch v bn l
ni chung. V vy, tc gi thc hin nghin
cu nh tnh iu chnh, v b sung cc
thnh phn ca CLDV ti BIDV CNBD cho
NHBL. Nghin cu nh tnh c thc hin
thng qua k thut tho lun nhm tp trung,
bao gm hai nhm, mi nhm 8 ngi. Trong
nhm mt l 8 nh qun l ngnh ngn
hng, nhm hai l 08 khch hng quan trng
ca BIDV - CNBD. Kt qu ban u xut
l 25 bin quan st, sau khi nhn c kin,
tc gi quyt nh iu chnh b 02 bin quan
st, bng cu hi chnh thc cn 23 bin quan
st. Tt c thang o cc khi nim u thang
o a bin. Cc thang o ny s dng dng
likert nm im vi 1: hon ton khng ng
v 5: hon ton ng . C th nh sau:
S hu hnh: (1) trang thit b hin i,
c s vt cht khang trang, tin nghi v thun
li cho khch hng trong giao dch, (2) nhn
vin ngn hng vi ng phc lch s, chuyn
nghip v d nhn bit, (3) cc ti liu hng
dn, cng t bm gii thiu v dch v ngn
hng y , p v c sc cun ht, (4) Mu
biu ngn hng r rng, n gin; th tc giao
dch d dng, (5) tr s ngn hng d nhn bit.
S tin cy: (1) Cam kt ca ngn hng v
cung cp dch v, (2) Ngn hng cung cp
dch v ng ngay t ln giao dch u tin,
Dch v ngn hng . . .
(3) Ngn hng lun quan tm gii quyt kp
thi nhng vn m khch hng cn gip
v dch v ngn hng, (4) bo mt thng tin
khch hng, (5) thc hin cc dch v phc v
cho khch hng chnh xc, khng c sai st.
S p ng: (1) Thi gian thc hin dch
v, (2) a dng sn phm la chn, (3) s
t vn, gip ca nhn vin ngn hng, (4)
gii p kp thi nhng thc mc, khiu ni
ca khch hng.
S m bo: (1) Cch c x ca nhn vin
to c s tin cy vi khch hng, (2) khch
hng cm thy an ton trong khi giao dch, (3)
s nim n, n cn ca nhn vin, (4) trnh
chuyn mn, trnh tc nghip ca nhn
vin, (5) thng hiu ca ngn hng.
S ng cm: (1) chng trnh chm sc,
tri n khch hng, quan tm n s thch ca
khch hng, (2) thi gian giao dch hp l,
(3) phn b mng li chi nhnh, phng giao
dch, (4) H thng ATM thun li.
3.2. Mu nghin cu
Nghin cu ny s dng k thut phng
vn trc tip bng bng cu hi chi tit vi
khch hng quan trng (VIP). Mu c chn
theo phng php thun tin phi xc sut vi
kch thc mu ban u n=300. Sau khi thu
thp v kim tra, c 20 bng b loi do c qu
nhiu trng. V vy, kch thc cui cng
l n=291. Trong , phn ln khch hng
c kho st l n chim 71,2% (nam chim
28,8%). V tui: Phn ln khch hng
c kho st c tui tr, nm trong nhm
25-35 tui (chim 55,6%). V thi gian giao
dch: a s l khch hng c thi gian giao
dch vi BIDV - CNBD t 1-2 nm (chim
27,5%), t 2- 3 nm chim 33,1%, v trn 03
nm (chim 36,9%). V s ngn hng giao
dch, phn ln khch hng v ang giao
dch vi 02 ngn hng.
75
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

3.3. Phn tch d liu v kt qu c h s tng quan tng ph hp (Corrected

3.3.1. Kim nh thang o Cronbachalpha. Item-Total Correlation) ln hn 0,3 v c h
Kim nh thang o Cronbachalpha l s Cronbachalpha t 0,6 tr ln c xem l
mt php kim nh thng k dng kim tra chp nhn c v thch hp a vo phn
s cht ch v tng quan gia cc bin quan tch nhng bc tip theo. Sau y l kt qu
st. Phng php ny cho php loi b nhng phn tch Cronbachalpha.
bin khng ph hp, theo ch nhng bin
Bng 1: Kt qu phn tch Cronbachalpha
Thnh phn S bin quan st H s Cronbachalpha H s tng quan tng nh nht
S hu hnh 5 0,9010 0.6711
S tin cy 5 0.7825 0.3801
S p ng 4 0.765 0.349
S m bo 4 0.8463 0.5828
S ng cm 5 0.8772 0.6556

Cn c vo kt qu trn, tt c cc yu t chp nhn khi tng phng sai trch ln hn

u c h s Cronbachalpha > 0,6 v h s hoc bng 0.4. Kim nh Barlett (Barletts
tng quan tng nh nht > 0,3, v vy vi 23 test): Sig. <0,05.Tng phng sai trch (Total
bin quan st ny iu kin a vo phn Varicance Explained) phi t gi tr t 50%
tch EFA. tr ln. Eigenvalue (i din cho phn bin
3.3.2. Phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA thin c gii thch bi mi nhn t) ln
Phng php trch c s dng trong hn 1 (Gerbing & Anderson, 1988).D liu
phn tch nhn t EFA l Principal Component thu thp s c thc hin phn tch nhn t
Analysis vi php xoay Varimax v im vi phng php trch s dng (Extraction
dng khi trch cc nhn t c Eigenvalue ln method) l Principal Component, php xoay
hn 1. Cc bin quan st c trng s Factor (Rotation) l Varimax. Sau y l kt qu
loading nh hn 0.4 s b loi. Thang o c phn tch nhn t khm ph ln cui nh sau:
Bng 2: Kt qu phn tch nhn t khm ph ln cui
Thnh phn
1 2 3 4 5
D.CAM1 0.857 0.334
D.CAM2 0.837 0.345
D.CAM5 0.723 0.301
D.CAM4 0.700 0.123
D.CAM3 0.667
H.HINH2 0.867 0.326
H.HINH1 0.312 0.867

76
 Dch v ngn hng . . .

H.HINH3 0.745 0.222

H.HINH5 0.722 0.110
H.HINH4 0.695 0.298
D.BAO2 0.301 0.816
D.BAO4 0.189 0.791
D.BAO1 0.220 0.775
D.BAO3 0.758 0.300
T.CAY2 0.377 0.911
T.CAY4 0.256 0.902
T.CAY3 0.178 0.790
T.CAY1 0.190 0.564
D.UNG3 0.312 0.901
D.UNG5 0.279 0.898
D.UNG2 0.186 0.675
D.UNG1 0.219 0.552

Phn tch nhn t ln cui cho thy 22
bin quan st c nhm thnh 5 nhn t. Tt
c cc bin u c h s ti nhn t - Factor
loading ln hn 0.4, v vy iu kin
a vo phn tch hi quy
3.3.3. Phn tch hi quy
Phn tch hi quy s xc nh mi quan h
Kt qu phn tch hi quy nh sau:
Bng 3: Kt qu phn tch hi quy
gia bin ph thuc (S hi lng) v cc bin
c lp (S hu hnh, S tin cy, S p ng,
S m bo, S ng cm). M hnh phn
tch hi quy s m t hnh thc ca mi lin
h v qua gip d on c mc ca
bin ph thuc khi bit trc gi tr ca bin
c lp. Phng php phn tch c la chn
l phng php Enter.

H s cha H s
M hnh Sig.
chun ha chun ha t
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
Hng s 0.839 0.232 3.622 0
D.UNG 0.123 0.038 0.159 3.234 0.001 0.986 1.014
T.CAY 0.024 0.03 0.004 0.813 0.418 0.966 1.035
1
D.BAO 0.168 0.043 0.225 3.948 0 0.733 1.363
H.HINH 0.246 0.038 0.387 6.512 0 0.673 1.486
D.CAM 0.22 0.043 0.329 5.158 0 0.583 1.714
a. Bin ph thuc: HAILONG

77
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Kt qu phn tch hi quy tuyn tnh bi
cho thy mi quan h gia bin ph thuc (S
hi lng) v cc bin c lp (s hu hnh, s
p ng, s m bo, s ng cm) v c h
s sig<0.05, ring s tin cy c h s sig>0.05
nn khng c mi quan h gia tin cy v s
hi lng. Kt qu c th hin trong phng
trnh sau:
H.LONG = 0.839+ 0,387H.HINH +
0,329D.CAM + 0,225D.BAO + 0,159D.UNG
Trong : H.LONG: S hi lng, H.HINH:
S hu hnh, D.UNG: S p ng, D.BAO:
S m bo, D.CAM: S ng cm
Tt c h s hi quy u > 0 v h s
Sig<0.05 chng t 4 bin c lp (s hu hnh,
s p ng, s m bo, s ng cm) u tc cht lng ca mt ngnh dch v c th. Cc
ng cng chiu n s hi lng ca khch
hng, ring s p ng khng tc ng n s
hi lng. Kt qu ny khng nh 4 gi thuyt
(H1, H3, H4, H5) nu ra trong m hnh nghin
cu c chp nhn v kim nh ph hp, cn
gi thuyt H2 khng c chp nhn.
4. HM CA NGHIN CU V
KIN NGH CHO NH QUN TR.
Nghin cu ny cho thy, thang o
SERVQUAL v thang o CLDV (Lu Vn
Nghim, 2008) c th c p dng ti BIDV
- CNBD. Tuy nhin, chng ta cn mt s iu
chnh v b sung cho ph hp. Kt qu nghin
cu cho thy cc yu t tc ng n CLDV
vi mc khc nhau, trong yu t hu
hnh l yu t c tc ng nhiu nht n s
hi lng ca khch hng, tip theo l cc yu
t ng cm, m bo v cui cng l p
ng. Nh vy BIDV - CNBD phi u tin ci
thin nhng yu t ny theo th t u tin
nh trn tng s hi lng ca khch hng,
c th l: (1) cu trc li m hnh kinh doanh
ca BIDV - CNBD to s thun tin cho
khch hng, (2) chun ha v rt gn th tc
giy t trong giao dch bn l, (3) o to v
nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc cho hot
ng ngn hng bn l, (4) thc hin chng
trnh chm sc i vi khch hng, (5) pht
trin mng li hot ng kinh doanh ngn
hng bn l, (6) u t nng cao cht lng
cng ngh thng tin, (7) a dng ha v pht
trin cc sn phm c th. Tm li, vic o
lng CLDV NHBL cn c thc hin u
n ci thin c CLDV nhm gia tng s
hi lng ca khch hng. Ngoi ra, mt dch v
c ngi tiu dng cm nhn c cht lng
cao s l mt li th cnh tranh quan trng ca
dch v . Cui cng, m hnh l thuyt v
CLDV NHBL, s hi lng ca khch hng ny
gp phn b sung vo h thng l thuyt v
nh qun l lnh vc ngn hng c th xem
m hnh ny nh mt m hnh tham kho cho
cc nghin cu ca mnh, v d nh cht lng
ca cc ngnh dch v khc ngoi sn phm
dch v bn l, ti Vit Nam cng nh ti cc
th trng khc, c bit l ti cc th trng c
nn kinh t chuyn i tng t nh Vit Nam.
5. HN CH V HNG NGHIN
CU TIP THEO
Nghin cu ny c mt s hn ch. Mt
l, nghin cu ny ch thc hin cho BIDV -
CNBD. Kh nng tng qut ha kt qu ca
nghin cu s cao hn nu n c lp li ti
mt s ngn hng khc na ti Vit Nam. y
l mt hng cho cc nghin cu tip theo.
Hai l, nghin cu ch xem xt tc ng ca
CLDV vo s hi lng ca khch hng bn l.
C th c nhiu yu t khc na gp phn vo
vic gii thch cho s hi lng ca khch hng
nh cc yu t to s vui thch, gii tr cho
khch hng i giao dch ti ngn hng. Vn
ny a ra mt hng na cho cc nghin cu
tip theo. Ngoi ra, phng php chn mu l
thun tin phi xc xut (kch thc mu cha
ln) cng l mt hn ch cn khc phc.
78
 Dch v ngn hng . . .

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Bachelet .D, 1995. Measuring sastisfaction, or the chain, the Tree, the Nest, Customer satisfaction
research. Breookes, R (ed), ESOMAR.
2. Bojanic, D. C. 1991. Quality Measurement in Professional Services Firms, Journal of Professional
Services Marketing. 7 (2): 27-36.
3. Cn Vn Lc, 2014. Gii php i vi BIDV. Hi tho ngn hng bn l
4. Cronin, J. J. & S. A. Taylor, 1992. Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension.
Journal of Marketing, 56 (July): 55-68.
5. Gronroos, C, 1984. A Service Quality Model and Its Marketing Implications, European Journal of
Marketing, 18 (4): 36-44.
6. Kotler, P. &Armstrong, G., 1991. Principlesof marketing, 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs,NJ: Prentice
Hall, Inc.
7. L Th Mn, 2013. Nghip v ngn hng thng mi. H Ni: Nxb Lao ng x hi.
8. Lehtinen, U & J. R. Lehtinen, 1982. Service Quality: A Study of Quality Dimensions. Working
Paper, Service Management Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
9. Lu Vn Nghin, 2008. Marketing dch v. H Ni: Nxb i hc Kinh t Quc dn.
10. Parasuraman, A., L. L. Berry, & V. A. Zeithaml, 1991. Refinement and Reassessment of the
SERVQUAL Scale, Journal of Retailing, 67 (4): 420-450.
11. Parasuraman, A., V. A. Zeithaml, & L. L. Berry, 1988. SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for
Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality, Journal of Retailing,(1): 12-40.
12. Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L., Parasuraman, A, 1996. The behavioral consequences of service quality,
Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60 (2): 31-46.

79
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

CHUI CUNG NG NNG SN: BC I CN THIT

VIT NAM THAM GIA TPP
T Minh Thin*
TM TT
Hip nh i tc kinh tchin lc xuyn Thi Bnh Dng, tn ting Anh: Trans-Pacific
Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement, vit tt: TTP, l mt hip nh thng mi t do nhiu
bn, c coi nh mt hip nh thng mi t do th h th 2 vi mc tiu thit lp mt mt bng
t do chung cho cc nc khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng. Vis tham gia ca cc nn kinh t
ln trn th gii (nh Hoa K, Nht Bn, Australia...), TPP tr thnh khu vc kinh t hn 790 triu
dn, ng gp 40% GDP v chim 1/3 thng mi ton cu.

Chui cung ng nng sn, bc i cn thit Vit Nam tham gia TPP. Trong khun kh
bi bo ny, tc gi phn tch li im v a ra mt s m hnh ng dng cho nng nghip Vit
Nam khi tham gia TPP.

T kha: TPP, chui cung ng nng sn, li im, m hnh ng dng

AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY CHAIN: THE NECESSARY STEPS FOR

VIETNAM TO JOIN TPP

ABSTRACT
Trans-Pacific Partnership, the English name Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic
Partnership Agreement, abbreviated: TTP, is a free trade agreement more parties, regarded as
a trade agreement free trade 2nd generation with an aim to establish common ground for liberal
countries in Asia - Pacific. With the participation of the largest economies in the world (such as the
US, Japan, Australia ...), TPP become more economical region 790 million, contributing 40% of
GDP and accounts for 1/3 of injuries global trade.

Agricultural supply chain, a necessary step for Vietnam to join the TPP. In the framework of
this paper, the authors analyze the advantages and give some models for agricultural applications
Vietnam joining the TPP.

Keywords: TPP, Agricultural supply chain, advantages, application model.

* ThS. Ban qun l Khu Nng Nghip Cng Ngh Cao TPHCM (AHTP). T: 0913 914400. Email: thientuminh@yahoo.com

80

1. T VN
Ln u tin, TPP c 4 nc: Singapore,
Chile, Newzealand, Brunei k Hip nh
ny vo ngy 3/6/2005 v c hiu lc ngy
28/5/2006.
Thng 9/2008, Hoa K t nh mun
tham gia m phn TPP, sau thng 11/2008
cc nc Australia, Peru cng tuyn b tham
gia, tip n l Canada tham gia vo thng
10/2012 v mi y nht, Nht Bn thamgia
m phn vo thng 3/2013.
Vit Nam tuyn b tham gia TPP vi t
cch l thnh vin y t ngy 13/11/2010.
Nh vy, n thi im ny, TPP gm
12 nc thnh vin: Australia, Brunei,
Canada, Chile, Nht Bn, Malaysia, Mexico,
Newzealand, Peru, Singapore, Hoa K v
Vit Nam.
Phm vi iu chnh ca TPP rt rng, mt
tho thun ton din bao qut tt c cc kha
cnh chnh ca mt hip nh thng mi t
do bao gm trao i hng ho, cc quy nh
v xut x, ro cn k thut, trao i dch
v, vn s hu tr tu, cc chnh sch ca
chnh quyn v vn mi trng, lao ng,
chng tham nhng... TPP nhm n vic ct
gim thu quan ti cc nc v t tiu chun
chung cho cc vn khc. Hin nay, tha
thun thu quan i vi cc hng ha nhy
cm l thch thc ln nht cho vic t c
tha thun chung gia 12 nc tham gia m
phn TPP. Nu nh Hip nh WTO mang
tnhm phn mt chiu, Vit Nam phi m
ca th trng cho cc nc thnh vin WTO
v khng c quyn i hi h m ca cho
mnh th Hip nh TPP l mt hip nh
c i c li, cc nc mun Vit Nam m
th trng cho h v h cng m th trng
cho Vit Nam.
Tc ng ca TPP n nhng nc c
Chui cung ng . . .
mc pht trin thp hn s c c hi pht trin
mnh m hn. Trong nhiu nghin cu nh
lng ca chuyn gia nc ngoi, Vit Nam
l mt trong nhng nc hng li ln t TPP
(phn ln cc nc c li khong 1-2 im %
t TPP, ring Vit Nam khong 5%). Bn cnh
, trong s 11 i tc ang m phn vi Vit
Nam, hin c 7 i tc c quan h thng mi
t do vi nc ta; 4 i tc cn li (Hoa K,
Canada, Mexico, Peru), chathit lpquan h
thng mi t do nn c hi ch yu ca Vit
Nam s m rng 4 th trng ny. Vit Nam
s l mt trong nhng nc c nhiu li ch
khi gia nhp TPP v mc tiu chnh ca TPP
l gim thu v nhng ro cn hng ho cho
dch v. Khi cc dng thu gim xung, Vit
Nam c th gia tng xut khu qun o, giy
dp v nhiu mt hng khc vn l th mnh
ca mnh vo cc th trng ln, c bit l th
trng Hoa K m khng phi cnh tranhvi
sn phm ca mt s nc khc. TPP s to ra
mt c hi rt ln cho cc quc gia thnh vin
hi nhp su rng hn vo nn kinh t khu
vc cng nh th gii v tng cng nng lc
cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip trong nc;
gia tng hng ha xut khu cng nh gia
tng GDP ca quc gia.
Di con mt cc chuyn gia kinh t k
cu tham gia cc cuc m phn, hoc quan
st cc hip nh, TPP mang li nhng k
vng ln cho nn kinh t nc nh, bi c
phm vi rng hn nhiu so vi WTO. Theo
nghin cu ca VCCI (Phng Thng mi v
Cng nghip VN), VN c th c thm 64 t
USD, c tc tng trng 13% nh quy m
xut khu s tng 37% trong TPP. TPP c th
gip VN o ngc tnh th nhp siu qu ln
t Trung Quc. c bit, lin quan n th
ch, TPP to p lc cho khu vc DNNN, vn
b coi l tr tr, nhiu yu km phi thay i v
81
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
phi cnh tranh bnh ng vi cc thnh phn
kinh t khc. Mi s h tr trc tip, gin tip
i vi DNNN u phi theo quy nh trong
TPP(VietNamNet, ngy 6/10).
Tuy nhin, TPP cng t ra khng t thch
thc. Vic gim thu chc chn s dn n s
gia tng nhanh chng lung hng nhp khu
t cc nc TPP vo Vit Nam vi gi c
cnh tranh. iu ny dn n h qu tt yu l
doanh nghip i mt vi s cnh tranh gay
gt c trong th trng ni a ln th trng
xut khu, th phn hng ha ca Vit Nam s
b thu hp, thm ch l nguy c st gim mnh
hoc mt lun c th phn trong nc. Nguy
c ny c bit nghim trng i vi nhm
hng nng sn, vn gn lin vi i tng d
b tn thng trong hi nhp, l nng dn.
Theo s liu thng k ca T chc Nng
lng Lin Hip Quc (FAO), nu nh trong
nm 2001 chng ta mi phi nhp khu 0,5
triu tn nguyn liu thc n chn nui ny th
nm 2011 ln ti 2,7-2,8 triu tn. Nm 2013,
theo s liu ca B NN&PTNT, nu tnh c
lng nhp khu bp, u nnh v la m Vit
Nam chi ra trn 4 t USD nhp thc n
chn nui v cc loi nguyn liu. Nhiu loi
cy trng ni a nh u nnh, ca cao, ma...
s c nguy c bin mt khi Vit Nam tham gia
cc hip nh thng mi.
nh gi mang tnh nh tnh cho thy
ngnh hng trong nc c th gp kh khn
l ngnh nng nghipvi cc mt hng tht
g , heo, b l ngnh li th ca Hoa K hoc
mt hng ng l th mnh ca Australia th
cc ngnh hng tng ng ca ta cng c th
gp kh khn.
nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca
nng sn Vit Nam cng nh nng cao nng
lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip Vit Nam
trong lnh vc nng nghip khi hip nh TPP
chnh thc c thng qua, cn c s ng b
trong xut v thc hin cc gii php cng
nh s quyt tm v cng lc ca c b my
qun l nh nc v cng ng doanh nghip
trong nc. Trong , ti c bit quan tm
gii php pht trin chui cung ng nng
sn, mt trong nhng im yu ca chng ta
khi hi nhp kinh t th gii v cng l im
mu cht quan trng nng cao kh nng
hi nhp kinh t th gii v nng cao nng
lc cnh tranh ca sn phm nng nghip
Vit Nam, Chui l mt lot cc hot ng
kinh doanh (hay chc nng) c quan h vi
nhau, t vic cung cp cc u vo c th cho
mt sn phm no , n s ch, chuyn i,
marketing n bn sn phm cho ngi
tiu dng. Chui l yu t lm phng th gii
(Thomas Friedman trong th gii phng).
Xy dng cc chui cung ng ni a v tham
gia vo cc chui cung ng khu vc v ton
cu l gii php hu hiu ti cu trc nn
kinh t nc ta thnh cng. Tham gia chui
l hng lot cc doanh nghip (nh vn hnh)
thc hin cc chc nng, ngha l nh sn
xut, nh ch bin, nh bun bn v nh phn
phi mt sn phm c th no . Cc doanh
nghip kt ni nhau bng mt lot cc giao
dch kinh doanh trong , sn phm c
chuyn t tay nh sn xut n tay ngi tiu
dng cui cng.
Chui cung ng vi vic xy dng chui
gi tr, s phn khc chui gi tr, cc ri ro
trong chui cung ng khng cn l vn
mi m trn th gii nhng vn cha c
p dng nhiu nc ta v trong thi gian
qua, vn l vn cn phi c phn tch,
nhn nhn v ng dng trong iu kin nc
ta di gc nhn ca nhng nh iu hnh
doanh nghip ln cc nh hoch nh chnh
sch. i vi Vit Nam chng ta, tim nng
82

sn xut trong nc cn ln, th trng tiu
th vi hn 86 triu dn vi sc mua cao ht
sc hp dn, ngun nhn lc di do. Chng
ta nn suy ngh su hn v chui cung ng
tm c li th v v tr ca mnh trong bn
c ca th gii.
2. LI IM CHUI CUNG NG
NNG SN CA VIT NAM
yy Kt hp c u th v s trng ca
cc nhn t tham gia trong chui
yy Chia s c trch nhim, ri ro v
quyn li.
yy Nng cao kh nng cnh tranh v hiu
qu trong vic gii thiu sn phm v nng
lc cung ng.
yy To s an tm cho cc nh phn phi
cng nh ngi tiu dng
V nc ta c th chen chn vo chui
cung ng ton cu, c th pht trin chiu
rng v chiu su cluster (cm lin hon).
Trong ch bin nng sn do bn mua nm th
3. XUT CHO M HNH NG DNG CHO NNG SN VIT NAM
Chui cung ng . . .
ch ng, ngy cng c kh nng bn mua
quy nh tiu chun cho c chui. V d: CT
group ca Thi Lan, h chuyn t sn xut
sang bn l, do b chui bn l t ra cc quy
nh v h ang th nghim nng cao cht
lng v gi tr ca chui cung ng. Cn
trong cng ngh ch bin thc phm v nng
sn, Vit Nam chng ta t tin b trong
ngnh ch bin nng sn, tuy nhin, cn t
n mc pht trin chiu su trong ngnh
ch bin v lin kt cht ch sn xut ra
sn phm, khng ch v gi m cn p ng
kp thi, u n v s lng v ng tin cy
v cht lng, an ton v sinh thc phm. Vit
Nam c th tr thnh nh cung ng nng sn
ch bin quan trng cho th gii. Cc tnh
Vit Nam nm nhiu bin, chng ta c li
th rt ln d xut khu bng ng bin.
Trung Quc, cc tnh trong lc a pht trin
chm, sau khi chi ph cc tnh bin tng ln,
ngi ta mi pht trin su vo ni a.
83
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Da vo m hnh ng dng cho nng
nghip Vit Nam, trong phm vi nghin cu
ca mnh chng ti mn php xut mt s
gii php pht trin chui cung ng nng sn
Vit Nam khi tham gia TPP nh sau:
3.1. u t su cho cng ngh sau thu
hoch
Trc mt, cn khuyn khch u t cc
c s ch bin v bo qun nng sn ti cc
ch u mi nng sn. H thng s ch, ch
bin v kho bo qun ny phi bo m t
cc tiu chun HACCP hoc BRC. y s l
ni tp trung thu mua, phn loi, ch bin v
phn phi nng sn phc v cho xut khu ln
ni tiu. thng ngun v h ngun
V mt v m, cn nhp khu cng nh
cung cp y thng tin v mt s cng
ngh, cht bo qun sau thu hoch ca cc
nc c nn nng nghip v cng ngh sau
thu hoch tin tin nh: M, c, Canada
chuyn giao cho cc doanh nghip chuyn v
bo qun, ch bin sau thu hoch nhm khc
phc ngay im yu ca ngnh ch bin nng
sn v nng cao kh nng xut khu nng sn
sang th trng cc nc TPP.
3.2. Thit lp h thng truy xut ngun
gc sn phm
y l h thng truy xut ngun gc sn
phm c s dng kh rng ri ti cc nc
pht trin vi mc ch:
yy Tun th cc qui nh, cc lut l ca
cc nc nhp khu, cc t chc phn phi ti
cc nc pht trin
yy tng hnh nh cng ty theo hng
pht trin bn vng, minh bch v hng v
khch hng.
yy Gii p nhanh v t tin cy khi c
bt k s c no c lin quan n vn v
sinh an ton thc phm trong chui cung ng
yy p ng yu cu ca cc i tc, c
yy c xem nh l mt cng c c hiu
qu trong n lc chng khng b sinh hc.
H thng ny cho bit ngun gc xut x
ca sn phm, cch thc sn phm c sn
xut ra cng nh ng i ca sn phm t
ng rung n bn n ca ngi tiu dng.
H thng ny to nim tin cho ngi tiu
dng khi mua sm sn phm, gip cc thnh
vin kim tra cc khu trong chui cung ng,
phng v pht hin cc ri ro c th xy ra
trong tng khu vn hnh ca chui.
84

3.3. o to v hun luyn i ng nhn
lc p ng s thay i ca th trng v
yu cu ca khch hng:
i vi cc doanh nghip xut khu trong
chui cung ng, cn xy dng i ng nhn
vin c k nng xc tin thng mi v ngoi
ng ch ng trong vic tip xc khch
hng v tin hnh cc hot ng giao dch.
Chuyn nghip ha hot ng kinh doanh
ca cc doanh nghip, nh sn xut thng
qua vic o to, t chc cc lp chuyn
v k nng xut nhp khu, lm n vi th
trng mc tiu ca cc nc, k nng bn
hng; nghin cu th hiu ngi tiu dng;
d on xu hng tiu dng, cho cc i
tng l cc doanh nghip xut khu, cc hp
tc x sn xut kinh doanh nng sn, cc nh
vn, Cc lp ny cn i su vo thc tin
v c th ng dng ngay trong cng vic ca
cc doanh nghip.
Ngoi ra, k nng v ngoi ng v hiu bit
v lut php ca cc th trng mc tiu cng
l vn m cc c quan qun l nh nc,
doanh nghip cn quan tm u t khi xut
khu cc sn phm nng nghip sang cc nc.
Tng cng mi quan h vi cc hip hi
ngnh hng trong nc, cc hip hi ngnh
hng khu vc v th gii hc hi kinh
nghim thng qua tham vn, tham quan, trao
di kinh nghim, tm kim khch hng. Hot
ng ny cn c s ch ng v h tr tch
cc t cc n v xc tin thng mi, cc c
quan qun l nh nc thng qua cc bui kt
ni, cc chuyn i xc tin thng mi
S dng mng li chuyn gia v cng
tc vin, s dng cc chuyn gia tnh nguyn
t cc t chc quc t (Nht, H Lan)
tranh th hc hi kin thc, k nng v kinh
nghim ca h trong qu trnh cng lm vic
vi nhau. Chnh ph ca cc nc ny s h
Chui cung ng . . .
tr chuyn gia tin v my bay v th lao khi
qua cng tc Vit Nam, cn n v mi s
chu chi ph n, , i li trong ni a cho
chuyn gia theo nh tiu chun ca n v
Vit Nam. vic s dng ngun cht xm
ny mt cch c hiu qu, cn c s chun b
chu o v vn vng mc ang gp phi
hoc vn m doanh nghip cn c thm s
h tr pht huy hn na, vn nhn s
giao tip vi chuyn gia v nhn chuyn giao
cng ngh, kinh nghim t pha bn. Ring t
chc PUM, hng nm h tr khong 60 d
n ti Vit Nam.
3.4. Tip cn v m rng h thng phn
phi trong v ngoi nc
Tnh bn vng v n nh ca chui ch
c th t c trn c s chui lin kt
c c hoc quan h tt h thng phn phi
hoc c c th trng tiu th n nh. Do
, cc doanh nghip cn tch cc thm nhp,
tip cn, m rng cc knh phn phi sn
phm, tm ngi i din bn hng tt vo th
trng xut khu, t chc tt h thng phn
phi sn phm c bit l h thng bn l,
tng cng thit lp quan h i tc trc tip
vi cc nh nhp khu, gim bt vic xut
khu qua trung gian gp g cc nh cung
cp trong nc vi cc nh nhp khu, cc
nh phn phi cc nc; t chc cc hi ch
quc t trong nc hoc tham gia cc hi ch
nc ngoi
3.5. Pht trin cc dch v trong lnh
vc nng nghip
Cn nghin cu v trin khai cc chnh
sch khuyn khch xy dng trung tm
u gi nng sn, pht trin lnh vc bo him
nng nghip nhm to s an tm trong ngi
sn xut cng nh cc doanh nghip, HTX,
ngoi ra, cn to thun li cho s gn kt ca
cc mt xch trong chui cung ng nng sn.
85
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Ngi sn xut nng nghip trong nc hin
nay cha quen vi hot ng bo him cng
nh cha sn lng chi tr cho dch v ny.
V vy, vic trin khai ni dung cng nh
li ch ca dch v bo him cho ngi sn
xut, doanh nghip, HTX thng qua cc hi
tho, cc lp tp hun l iu cn lu song
song vi vic ban hnh cc chnh sch khuyn
khch ku gi cc t chc bo him tham gia
vo dch v ny Vit Nam.
Cc doanh nghip/ HTX cn nghin cu
cung cp cc dch v trong lnh vc nng
nghip nh:
yy Dch v nng nghip h tr u vo sn
xut,
yy Dch v h tr sn xut nng nghip nh
dch v v vn sn xut nng nghip, dch v
o to, t vn k thut pht trin sn xut
nng nghip an ton, dch v bo him sn
xut nng nghip,
yy Dch v h tr u ra sn phm nng
nghip nh: Dch v t vn xy dng thng
hiu nng sn, dch v h tr cho xut khu,
dch v t vn nhp hng nng sn, hng
nguyn liu u vo cho sn xut nng nghip,
dch v truy xut ngun gc sn phm
yy Dch v t vn xc tin thng mi nh
tham d trin lm, hi ch trong nc v quc
t, t chc gp g gia ngi mua ngi
bn c trong nc ln quc t.
yy Dch v cung cp thng tin th trng v
cc yu cu tip cn th trng xut khu cho
cc sn phm nng nghip, ng k nhn hiu
v quyn s hu tr tu, quyn tc gi (nu c)
3.6. Xy dng thng hiu nng sn:
Chin lc xy dng thng hiu i hi
s u t tha ng, tnh nht qun, s bn b
v lu di. Cn quan tm n marketing theo
ng ngha (trong , lu n nh v sn
phm). Cn lu 3 ni dung quan trng:
yy V cht lng: phi c kim sot
nghim ngt, mang tnh n nh
yy V tnh an ton: phi c kim sot vi
nhng tiu ch cho sn phm an ton, c
chng minh
yy V thng tin: v ngun gc, v sn
phm, cc li ch m ngi tiu dng c th
c c khi s dng sn phm. Ngn ng
thng tin cn r rng, mch lc v ngn gn
Cc sn phm cn c xy dng thng
hiu theo hng chuyn nghip, h tr v
cng tc qung b, xc tin thng mi, cung
cp thng tin cho cc doanh nghip ch lc,
cc hp tc x, hot ng trong lnh vc nng
nghip.
Nhn chung, vai tr v hot ng ca cc
chui cung ng hin nay ca nc ta cha r
nt, th trng hng ha nng sn cng nh
cc loi hnh dch v h tr pht trin nng
nghip cha c pht trin y ; kh nng
tip cn cc h thng bn s, bn l hin i
cng nh tip cn cc th trng xut khu c
gi tr gia tng cao vn cn nhiu hn ch. Cc
chnh sch h tr pht trin sn phm nng
nghip c ban hnh nhng vic thc thi
vn cn mt s tr ngi nh th tc vay u
i, thi gian cp vn lm nh hng n
nh u t, m rng sn xut kinh doanh
nng sn ca ngi sn xut. Cc vn ny
cn c tip cn mt cch ng b, mi c
th gia tng c v s lng ln cht lng cc
chui cung ng, cng nh nng cao kh nng
cnh tranh cho nng sn ca Vit Nam trong
th trng ni a cng nh xut khu.
Nhn thc c xu th pht trin, ngha
v tc ng tch cc ca chui cung ng
nng sn, cc gii php ny cn c thc
hin mt cch ng b, theo nguyn l vt
du loang tc lm t nh n ln, t t n
nhiu, cn lm tt v ly hiu qu kinh t lm
86
 Chui cung ng . . .

ng lc chnh ch khng phi chy theo ch dn dn, cc chui s c hnh thnh v

ngha hnh thc, phong tro ly thnh tch.
Trong giai on u, vai tr nh nc cng
nh cc Vin, trng c ngha v tc ng
quan trng trong vic hnh thnh v duy tr
cc thnh vin trong chui cung ng thng
qua cc chnh sch, cc h tr k thut v th
trng. Sau , s gim dn cc h tr v ti
chnh, ch cn cc h tr v mt k thut, v
xc tin thng mi, xy dng thng hiu.
vn hnh theo hng t gic, da trn hiu
qu kinh t v s hp tc t nguyn gia cc
thnh vin. iu ny s ph hp vi c ch
kinh t th trng nc ta cng nh xu th
pht trin chui cung ng trn th gii, gip
nc ta hi nhp nhanh v tt hn, tn dng
c nhiu hn cc c hi khi tham gia vo
Hip nh i tc kinh t chin lc xuyn
Thi Bnh Dng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. TS Phan Th Gic Tm i hc Nng Lm TPHCM, (2008), ti nh gi hiu qu cc h
thng cung ng rau ti tnh Lm ng
[2]. TS Trn Th Ba - i hc Cn Th, (2008), ti Chui cung ng rau ng bng sng Cu Long
theo hng GAP
[3]. TS Nguyn Xun Minh i hc Ngoi thng, 2011, ti a dng ha th trng xut khu
thy sn ca tnh Bn Tre Tip cn t chui gi tr xut khu
[4]. ThS T Minh Thin, BQL Khu NNCNC TPHCM, (2013), Nghin cu, nh gi v xut m
hnh lin kt trong sn xut v tiu th rau an ton trn a bn thnh ph H Ch Minh
Cc trang tin in t:
http://www.chinhph.vn Chnh ph Vit Nam
http://www.amchamvietnam.com/- Phng thng mi Hoa K ti Vit Nam
http://huba.org.vn/ - hip hi cc doanh nghip thnh ph H Ch Minh
http://www.ybahcm.com/ - Hip hi doanh nghip tr thnh ph H Ch Minh
http://www.clbdoanhnhansaigon.com.vn Cu lc b doanh nhn Si Gn
http://www.vietrade.gov.vn - Cc Xc tin thng mi Vit Nam
http://vietfood.org.vn/vn/ - Hip hi lng thc Vit nam

87
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

NNG CAO NNG LC CNH TRANH CA NGNH DU LCH

VIT NAM TRONG THI K HI NHP
Nguyn Duy Mu*
TM TT
Nng lc cnh tranh l yu t ni sinh ca cc doanh nghip; l thc o chim lnh th
trng, sc thu ht ca khch hng i vi sn phm. Trong thi k hi nhp, Nng lc cnh tranh
l yu t quan trng phn nh cht lng, hiu qu, uy tn v th phn ca thng hiu. Bi vit
Nng lc cnh tranh Ngnh Du Lch Vit Nam nh gi qua 4 tiu ch: i) Nng lc cnh tranh v
Ti chnh; ii) Nng lc cnh tranh v ngun nhn lc; iii) Nng lc cnh tranh v khoa hc cng
ngh; iv) Nng lc cnh tranh Marketing, qung b du lch.

T , tc gi xut cc gii php hon thin, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh i vi
ngnh du lch Vit Nam.

T kha: Nng lc cnh tranh, Du lch, Vit Nam.

ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS OF TOURISM INDUSTRY

IN VIETNAM INTEGRATION PERIOD

ABSTRACT
Joining the World Trade Organization (World Trade Organization - WTO) free trade
area AFTA, economic partnership agreements across the Pacific (TPP), ... has created many
opportunities for Vietnam Assembly deep into the world economy. This makes the opportunities and
challenges, national competitiveness, competition between industry brought a sense of survival.
Look at the status of the competitiveness of Vietnams tourism industry on the basis of building
the main objective evaluation competitiveness enterprise level, including: (i) competitiveness of
financial (Ii) Competitiveness of human resources; (Iii) competitiveness in science and technology;
and (iv) competitiveness of marketing.

On that basis, look for solutions and appropriate steps to release endogenous strength,
increase competitiveness and actively integrate into the international economy.

Keywords: competitiveness, tourism, Vietnam.

* TS. Trng i hc Lt

88

1. GII THIU
Vit Nam gia nhp T chc thng mi
th gii (World Trade Organization - WTO),
khu vc mu dch t do AFTA, Hip nh i
tc kinh t xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP),
to c hi cho Vit Nam hi nhp su vo
nn kinh t th gii. iu ny lm cho c hi
v thch thc, nng lc cnh tranh quc gia,
cnh tranh gia cc ngnh mang mt ngha
sng cn. Nghin cu thc trng nng lc
cnh tranh ca ngnh du lch, tm cc gii php
v bc i thch hp gii phng sc mnh
ni sinh, tng cng nng lc cnh tranh, ch
ng ho nhp vo nn kinh t quc t.
2. C S L LUN V NNG LC
CNH TRANH
2.1. Khi nim cnh tranh:
Theo P.A Samuelson: Cnh tranh l s
knh ch gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau
ginh ly khch hng v th trng (3)
iu ny c hiu: cnh tranh l mt cuc
chin khc lit thc s v hng ch yu
n i tng khch hng, th trng; mt
cuc chin mt mt mt cn gia cc doanh
nghip vi nhau. Quan im ny vn c
nhiu ngi ng h khi ni v cnh tranh v
cc doanh nghip c th tm mi cch
tn ti k c nhng phng thc cnh tranh
khng lnh mnh.
2.2. Cnh tranh cp doanh nghip:
y l lnh vc cc doanh nghip quan
tm hng u v l im then cht cho s
thnh cng ca chnh doanh nghip. Cnh
tranh ca cc doanh nghip l cc hot ng
ca doanh nghip nhm chin thng cc i
th khc ginh c cc iu kin thun
li trong kinh doanh v mang li li ch ln
cho doanh nghip.
Doanh nghip mun chin thng trong
cnh tranh phi c nng lc cnh tranh mnh.
Nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip l
Nng cao nng lc . . .
cc yu t so snh vt tri ca doanh nghip
so vi i th trong vic ginh ly cc iu
kin kinh doanh thun li cho mnh.
Nng lc cnh tranh chnh l cc yu t
ni ti ca doanh nghip c c thng qua
vic tch ly kinh nghim, vn ling sn xut
kinh doanh v kh nng tn dng nhng iu
kin thun li t mi trng bn ngoi lm
cho kh nng chin thng ca doanh nghip
tt hn i th.
Theo Michael Porter (2002) mt nh l
lun v lnh vc kinh doanh ca M quan
nim: nng lc cnh tranh l kh nng to ra
nhng sn phm c gi tr cao, ph hp nhu
cu ca khch hng, c chi ph thp, nng
sut cao nhm to ra li nhun cao. Nh
vy, ng quan nim doanh nghip c nng
lc cnh tranh cao l phi to ra cc li th
vt qua i th mang n cho khch hng
nhng ga tr ph hp nht v nhiu li ch
nht cho khch hng. Nh vy, doanh nghip
phi c li th cnh tranh so vi i th. ng
cng cho rng li th cnh tranh c th to
dng di hai gc ch yu l:
Th nht: chi ph sn xut thp to ra li
th cnh tranh v gi hoc s c hng thng
d gi tr to tim lc cnh tranh vi i th.
Th hai: l to gi tr khc bit. Nu to
c gi tr khc bit doanh nghip s c kh
nng vt qua i th d dng hn v trnh
c cc p lc cnh tranh. Vi yu t ny,
cc doanh nghip c c li th khc bit
s pht trin bn vng hn. V vy, i vi
cc doanh nghip c li th khc bit ha sn
phm nn trit khai thc nng cao nng
lc cnh tranh.
L thuyt v li th cnh tranh ca
Michael Porter c tha nhn rng ri
trn th gii. ng cng l ngi nu ra m
hnh 5 p lc cnh tranh hay cn gi l m
hnh 5 vin kim cng :
89
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
S p lc cnh tranh ca Michael Porter
Nhng yu t c bn xc nh nng lc
cnh tranh c nhiu chuyn gia v cc
doanh nghip tn thnh l kh nng bn trong
ca cc doanh nghip bao gm:
- Ngun lc v ti chnh ca doanh nghip.
y l mt yu t rt quan trng ni ln kh
nng huy ng vn pht trin cc tng
kinh doanh.
- Ngun nhn lc: Mt yu t then cht v
v cng quan trng i vi bt k mt doanh
nghip no. Ngun nhn lc ni ln kh nng
sng to, tch ly kinh nghim v l linh hn
cho s sng ca doanh nghip. C c i
ng nhn lc gii, doanh nghip s nm c
nhiu kh nng v to ra c nhiu tim
nng mi chin thng trong cnh tranh.
- Khoa hc k thut v cng ngh: l kh
nng p dng cc tin b khoa hc nhm lm
cho nng lc sn xut v trnh qun l c
nng cao v c hiu sut cao. N gip cho qa
trnh sn xut kinh doanh hiu qu, cht lng
sn phm nng cao v thu ht khch hng.
- H thng cung cp v phn phi ca
doanh nghip. y l nhng yu t m
bo cho h thng hot ng nhp nhng. Cc
yu t u vo v u ra n nh, c kh nng
thay i linh hot s gip cho doanh nghip
hn ch bt cc ri ro v ng thi hn ch s
xm nhp cnh tranh ca cc i th.
- Trnh qun l: cng l yu t quan
trng. Kh nng qun l ca doanh nghip
ph thuc vo nhm nhn lc cao cp, th
hin bng tnh hiu qa ca cc chnh sch
v quyt sch kinh doanh. Kinh doanh trong
iu kin cnh tranh thi kinh t th trng
m ca, i hi cc doanh nghip phi nng
ng v p ng cc bin i ca th trng.
Trnh qun l th hin bng kh nng nh
g tnh hnh, a ra cc quyt nh hp l,
quan im kinh doanh ph hp
Biu hin bn ngoi ca nng lc cnh tranh
ca doanh nghip l mc chim lnh th phn,
doanh s, mc nhn bit v s ni ting ca
thng hiu trong kinh doanh so vi cc i th.
90
 Nng cao nng lc . . .

3. THC TRNG HOT NG NGNH DU LCH VIT NAM

Bng 1. Khch du lch ni a giai on 2010-2015

Nm 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Ch tiu
Khch du lch ni a 28.000 30.000 32.000 35.000 38.500 57.000
(nghn lt khch)

Tc tng trng (%) 12 7.1 8.3 7.7 10 48

Ngun: Tng cc du lch (2015)

Khch du lch quc t: tc tng trng bnh qun 12%/nm. Trong vng 25 nm t nm
1990, s lng khch quc t tng 30 ln
Th trng khch quc t: khu vc ASEAN chim 8.2%, Chu Thi Bnh Dng chim
2.4%. Ngun khch 72% n t khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng, Chu u (14%), Bc M
(7%).
Cc th trng ngun khch ln nht ca Vit Nam thuc cc nc c GDP ln nht th
gii (M, Trung Quc, Nht, Php v Nga) v cc nc c tng chi tiu du lch ln nht (Trung
Quc, c, M, Anh, Nga, Php, Nht v c)

Bng 2. Tng thu t du lch giai on 2010-2015

Nm 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Ch tiu
Tng thu t du lch 96 130 160 200 230 337.83
(nghn t ng)
Tc tng trng (%) 41.2 35.4 23.1 25 15 14.6
Ngun: Tng cc du lch (2015)

Tng trng v tng thu t du lch t bnh qun 18.7%/nm. Theo nh gi ca UNWTO,
nm 2012, ngnh du lch Vit Nam ng gp cho nn kinh t 13 t USD, chim 9.4% GDP, bao
gm ng gp trc tip, gin tip v ng gp pht sinh t du lch.
Bng 3. Thng k doanh nghip l hnh giai on 2010-2015

Nm 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Loi hnh
DNNN 58 13 9 9 8 7
TNHH 527 621 731 845 949 1012
CP 285 327 371 428 474 475
DNTN 5 4 6 8 9 10
Lin doanh 13 15 15 15 15 15
Tng s 888 980 1,132 1,305 1,456 1,519
Ngun: Tng cc du lch (2015)

91
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Giai on 2010-2015, s lng doanh
nghip l hnh tng gp i, t 888 doanh
nghip nm 2010 tng ln 1,519 doanh nghip
vo nm 2015. Tng trng ca cc c s lu
tr t trn 10%/nm, cng sut bung bnh
qun t 58%. u t cho c s h tng ni
chung v du lch ni ring c bc tin.
C s lu tr
Bng 4. C s lu tr giai on 2010-2015
Nm 2010 2011 2012
Ch tiu
S lng c s 12,352 13,756 15,381
Tng trng (%) 7.7 11.4
S bung 237,111 256,739
Tng trng (%) 9.4 8.3
Cng sut bung 58.3 59.7
bnh qun (%)
Sn phm du lch
Qu trnh pht trin cc sn phm du lch
hnh thnh v nh v trn th trng du
lch. Du lch ngh dng, tham quan cnh
quan, di sn, di tch, tm linh, l hi, du lch
th thao mo him, du lch sinh thi, du lch
MICE ang c ch trng pht trin.
H thng di sn th gii ca Vit Nam
c UNESCO cng nhn l yu t ct li
lm gia tng khch du lch quc t. Cc sn
phm du lch thng qua l hi, festival, du lch
s kin l nhng gi tr ni bt ca im n
Vit Nam.
3.1. nh gi nng lc cnh tranh
ngnh du lch Vit Nam.
Vic gia nhp WTO, nht l Hip nh i
tc kinh t xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP)
m ra c hi ln cho ngnh du lch Vit Nam.
y thc s l hn th vng cho ngnh
du lch trong bi cnh ton cu, cc cng ty
xuyn quc gia, a quc gia c tim lc mnh
Cc trung tm du lch quc gia, cc vng du
lch trng im c ch trng u t. Nh
nc u t cc cng trnh trng im nh
ng cao tc, quc l, sn bay, nht l hai
sn bay quc t Ni Bi v sn bay quc t
Tn Sn Nht, lm tng lng khch ti
Vit Nam.
2013 2014 2015
16,000 16,000 18,800
11.8 10.4 10.4 9.7
277,661 - 332,000 355,000
8.1 - 11.9 10.7
58.8 - - -
Ngun: Tng cc du lch (2015)
v ti chnh, cng ngh, qun l v nng lc
cnh tranh cao trong cuc cnh tranh quyt
lit ca th trng du lch.
3.1.1. V sn phm du lch
Sn phm du lch Vit Nam thiu nhng
sn phm du lch n tng, mang tnh c
trng, cha ng gi tr vn ho c sc vi
nhng biu tng ni bt. Ni cch khc, sn
phm du lch cn ngho nn, trng lp; nhng
sn phm du lch mang tnh xu hng nh du
lch cha bnh, du lch th thao, du lch t
thin, du lch MICE, cn pht trin chm;
tnh lin kt vng, min cha cht ch. Sn
phm du lch cha nh v c trong tm
tr du khch, uy tn, cht lng cha c
khng nh. Chnh v vy, t trng ng gp
ca du lch cho GDP ca Vit Nam dng li
mc 5%, trong khi Thi Lan l 12.06%,
Malaysia l 15.6% (nm 2012). Sn phm du
lch n iu s gim chi tiu ca du khch.
3.1.2. Nng lc ti chnh
92

a phn cc doanh nghip du lch Vit
Nam l doanh nghip nh v va (tnh n
nm 2015 c 1,519 doanh nghip). Hn na,
nhng doanh nghip ny c vn t, sc cnh
tranh yu, trong khi , cc cng ty nc
ngoi c tim lc ti chnh mnh, hot ng
du lch c th trng rng. C th nhn thy,
cc c s du lch ln Vit Nam ch yu do
cc tp on nc ngoi nm gi.
3.1.3. V cng ngh
Vic pht trin cng ngh thng tin ng
dng vo cc doanh nghip du lch c bc
tin ng k. Tuy nhin, cng ngh thng tin
ch yu phc v cho t phng, bn tour trc
tuyn. Vic u t cha pht huy vai tr ca
nh cung cp. Cc websites cha c tnh ph
cp quc t, gii thiu cc sn phm du lch
v dch v cha c tnh chuyn nghip. Kt
ni gia doanh nghip du lch v cc ngnh
lin quan hiu qu cha cao.
3.1.4. Nhn lc ngnh du lch
Lao ng l li th cnh tranh ca du lch
Vit Nam, do ngun lao ng tr, di do v
chi ph tng i r. Tuy nhin, lao ng ch
yu l lao ng ph thng, nng lc ngi lao
ng cn hn ch, tnh chuyn nghip cha
cao. Mt hin tng m du lch Vit Nam
phi i mt l cc nh qun l gii, lao ng
lnh ngh b thu ht v cc cng ty du lch
nc ngoi.
3.1.5. Chin lc qung b, tip th du lch
Cha u t thc s cho cng vic ny,
mc d qung b du lch l mt knh quan
trng gii thiu sn phm du lch cho khch
hng; chi ph qung co cn rt thp, di 1%
doanh thu, trong khi cc doanh nghip nc
ngoi chim t 10-20%.
Bi hc v qung b du lch nh chng
trnh Good morning America ca M v
hang ng Sn ong l mt v d.
Nng cao nng lc . . .
Chnh v vy, nhiu sn phm du lch Vit
nam tuy vn ni ting nhng t c bin n
trn th trng th gii.
u t xc tin qung b du lch l mt u
t rt ln, nh Malaysia u t gn 98.2 triu
USD, Thi Lan l 80 triu USD, Singarpore
u t trn 160 triu USD v Hn Quc l
56 triu USD, trong khi Vit Nam ch u
t khong 2.5 triu USD.
Nng lc cnh tranh du lch ca Vit
Nam hin xp th 75/141 quc gia (2015),
Singarpore xp th 10, Malaysia c xp
th 34, Thi Lan xp th 43, Tuy nhin,
nhiu yu t thiu tnh bn vng, pht trin
du lch cha theo chiu su, nng lc qun l
cn hn ch, ng lc cho pht trin du lch
cha m bo.
Khong cch v lng khch quc t gia
Vit Nam v bn nc Thi Lan, Malaysia,
Singarpore v Indonesia t 2.5 ln, khong
cch v thu nhp du lch l 1.5-4 ln.
4. IM MNH, IM YU, C
HI V THCH THC CA DU LCH
VIT NAM
4.1. im mnh
H thng ti nguyn du lch phong ph v
hp dn vi 46 khu du lch quc gia, 40 im
du lch quc gia, 24 trung tm du lch, 12
th du lch, 7 vng du lch, c bit vi 8 di
sn th gii ti Vit Nam.
Nn chnh tr n nh, nht qun vi chnh
sch ngoi giao a phng, thn thin, nn
kinh t trong nc pht trin, thu nhp ngi
dn gia tng.
Nn vn ho truyn thng phong ph, c
sc vi 54 dn tc anh em; l im n l th,
an ton ca du khch quc t, vn ho m
thc c mt cc th trng quc t.
Nm gia cc th trng du lch ln, Vit
Nam l quc gia c nhiu im n c thng
93
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
hiu, ni bng n cc dch v hng khng,
ngn hng, giao thng v l th trng mi
ni ca nhiu dch v du lch, ti chnh, bo
him, u t v du hc,
4.2. im yu
Du lch Vit Nam khai thc ti nguyn du
lch cha hiu qu, cn khp kn, chia ct.
Cht lng du lch cha tng xng vi
tim nng du lch.
Sn phm du lch cn ngho nn, trng
lp, thiu tnh c o vng min, thiu tnh
lin kt, lin vng.
Cha c chin lc tip th hiu qu,
nht l qung b sn phm ra nc ngoi vi
nhng phng tin c sc lan to ln.
Cc dch v h tr du lch cn km pht
trin
Cng tc quy hoch du lch v qun l du
lch cn nhiu bt cp, thm ch chng cho,
hiu lc cha cao.
u t c s h tng cho du lch cn chm
v thiu tnh ng b. o to ngun nhn lc
cho du lch thiu tnh chin lc.
4.3. C hi
Chu Thi Bnh Dng l khu vc pht
trin nng ng v thu ht du lch. Trong cng
ng ASEAN, Vit Nam l im n hp dn.
Vit Nam tham gia vo WTO, TPP, iu
ny to nn mt th trng rng ln cho
du lch
Du lch l xu hng ph bin ton cu, du
lch quc t tng trng lin tc, du lch ni
khi chim t trng ln.
Kinh t Trung Quc, Nht Bn, M,
pht trin mnh; nhu cu u t, du lch,
cng pht trin khng ngng. Qu trnh di
chuyn t bn t cc nc pht trin sang
cc nc ang pht trin l xu th tt yu.
iu ny to c hi cho du lch pht trin
mnh m.
4.4. Thch thc
Mc d du lch Chu Thi Bnh Dng
l khu vc pht trin nng ng, nhiu trung
tm du lch hp dn, tuy nhin, iu ny cng
to ra kh nng cnh tranh quc t gay gt.
Nhu cu du lch th gii c chiu hng
thay i, ch yu hng ti cc gi tr mi,
mang tnh truyn thng, t nhin, vi nhng
gi tr sng to, cng ngh cao, hin i vi
nhng dch v cao cp.
Du lch ra nc ngoi ca ngi Vit
Nam tr thnh mt xu th tt yu trong thi
k hi nhp.
5. MC TIU, GII PHP NNG CAO
NNG LC CNH TRANH NGNH DU
LCH VIT NAM TRONG THI K HI
NHP KINH T QUC T
5.1. Mc tiu tng qut
n nm 2020, du lch c bn tr thnh
ngnh kinh t mi nhn, c tnh chuyn
nghip vi h thng c s vt cht-k thut
ng b, hin i, sn phm du lch c cht
lng cao, a dng, c thng hiu, mang
m bn sc vn ho dn tc, cnh tranh
c vi cc nc trong khu vc v th gii.
n nm 2030, Vit Nam c ngnh du lch
pht trin.
Nm 2020, thu ht 10.5 triu lt khch
quc t, 47.5 triu lt khch ni a, tng
trng khch quc t l 7%, ni a l 5.1%.
Nm 2025, thu ht 14 triu lt khch
quc t, tng trng 6%; thu tht 58 triu lt
khch ni a, tng trng 4.3%.
Nm 2030, thu ht 18 triu lt khch
quc t, tng trng 5.2%; thu ht 71 triu
lt khch ni a, tng trng 4.1%
Tng thu t du lch: Nm 2020, 372 nghn
t ng (tng ng 18.5 t USD); nm
2025 vi 523 nghn t ng (tng ng 26
t USD); v nm 2030 doanh thu s t 708
94

nghn t ng (tng ng 35.2 t USD)
ng gp trong GDP: Nm 2020 chim
7%; nm 2025 chim 7.2% v nm 2030
chim 7.5%.
t c mc tiu trn, du lch Vit
Nam phi thc hin c hiu qu cc nhm gii
php sau:
5.2. Nhm gii php v sn phm du lch
v th trng du lch
Sn phm du lch phi khai thc c th
mnh ca ti nguyn du lch Vit Nam, ng
thi phi phn nh c gi tr mi sng to.
Nghin cu v pht trin sn phm du lch
phi hp vi vn ho vng min, khng trng
lp v c o s to nn kh nng cnh tranh
cao. lm c, cn c h thng kim nh
cht lng v quy chun sn phm du lch
Vit Nam, thng xuyn kim tra, nh gi,
xp loi.
To s t ph trong th trng du lch,
ngoi cc th trng truyn thng, nht thit
phi xy dng cc chin lc th trng mi,
bm st cc i tc chin lc, cc nc trong
APEC, TPP. Nui dng v pht trin sn
phm cho th trng truyn thng. Kt hp
chin lc sn phm du lch v th trng
du lch trong mt chin lc tng th n
nm 2020, tm nhn 2030. Pht trin mnh
th trng ng Bc (Nht Bn, Trung
Quc, Hng Kng, i Loan, Hn Quc), v
ASEAN.
Tng trng khai thc th trng truyn
thng cao cp t Ty u, Bc u v Bc M,
Chu i Dng, ng u, v pht trin
th trng mi nh Trung ng v n ,
u tin pht trin sn phm du lch c kh
nng cnh tranh trong khu vc v ngh dng
bin, tham quan thng cnh bin v h sinh
thi bin. Cc sn phm du lch vn ho gn
lin vi di sn, l hi, tham quan, nghin cu
Nng cao nng lc . . .
vn ho vng min.
y mnh sn phm du lch sinh thi,
hang ng, du lch nng nghip, nng thn,
du lch tm linh, gio tr cao cp,
a dng ho cc sn phm du lch nh du
lch MICE, du lch th, du lch gio dc, du
lch dng bnh, du lch lm p,
Lin kt vng, lin kt a phng, doanh
nghip, cc hnh lang kinh t to thnh sn
phm du lch hp dn.
Pht trin th trng khu vc: Vit Nam
Lo Campuchia; Vit Nam Lo
Campuchia Myanma Thi Lan,
5.3. Nhm gii php v ng dng cng
ngh, tng cng c s vt cht v nng lc
qun l
Tch cc ng dng khoa hc cng ngh
tin tin trong qun l bao gm hon thin h
thng c s d liu v thng k du lch. Nng
cao nng lc nghin cu v ng dng khoa
hc cng ngh vo qun l, ng thi nng
cao trnh qun l quy hoch cho cc cp,
cc ngnh v du lch.
Pht trin c s vt cht k thut cho du
lch, tng cng nng lc phc v v cht
lng phc v cho cc c s lu tr. n nm
2015 ton ngnh cn c 390.000 phng; n
nm 2020 ton ngnh cn c 580.000 phng
v n nm 2030 l 900.000 phng.
Cn c quy hoch c th cho tng loi c
s lu tr, nht l loi hnh khch sn 3-5 sao
nhng a phng du lch pht trin mnh
nh: Tp. H Ch Minh, Nha Trang, Lt,
H Ni v Nng,
5.4. Nhm gii php v u t v thu ht
vn u t cho du lch
Tng cng u t FDI cho c s h tng
du lch, lin doanh vi nc ngoi vo cc
d n vn nh khu vui chi, gii tr cao cp,
sn golf, cho khu vc u tin pht trin
95
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
nh Ph Quc, Tp. H Ch Minh, Lt,
Nng, Qung Ninh,
Vn t ngun tch lu GDP du lch, vn
vay ngn hng c t l li sut u i, thu ht
vn nhn ri qua h thng ngn hng, thu ht
vn qua c phn ho cc doanh nghip nh
nc, dng qu t to ngun vn thng
qua u gi quyn s dng t, Coi vic thu
ht vn trong nc l hng u tin lu di,
thu ht vn t nc ngoi l quan trng.
Ngun vn h tr t ngn sch Trung
ng u t c s h tng thuc chng trnh
du lch quc gia, h tr u t c s h tng
pht trin lng ngh truyn thng,
Cc lnh vc u tin u t: (i) Pht trin
ng b, hin i h thng h tng du lch;
(ii) Pht trin sn phm du lch cnh tranh v
thng hiu quc gia; (iii) Pht trin ngun
nhn lc; (iv) Pht trin ti nguyn, bo v
mi trng du lch; (v) Pht trin cc khu,
im du lch.
Khu vc tp trung u t: khu du lch
quc gia, im du lch quc gia, th du lch,
u tin cho cc vng su, vng xa bin gii,
hi o. Huy ng ti a ngun vn, tim lc
ti chnh trong nhn dn vi c cu 90-92% t
khu vc t nhn.
5.5. Nhm gii php v xc tin, qung b.
Tng cng nng lc cho b my v c
ch hot ng xc tin, qung b. C cu li
b my xc tin cho tng cc du lch v thnh
lp cc trung tm xc tin qung b du lch ti
cc a phng. Xy dng hnh nh v thng
hiu du lch quc gia.
y mnh chuyn nghip ho hot ng
xc tin qung b. Tp trung xc tin qung
b theo chin dch trng im, ph hp vi
nh hng pht trin sn phm, thng hiu
du lch. Xy dng c ch hp tc trong v
ngoi ngnh; c ch x hi ho xc tin qung
b du lch; lin kt cht ch cc doanh nghip
du lch vi cc hng hng khng. Tn dng
ti a sc mnh truyn thng nht l cc hng
truyn thng ni ting.
u t cho hot ng xc tin, qung b,
tng kinh ph cho xy dng cc hot ng xc
tin qung b nht l cc th trng mi, sn
phm mi.
5.6. Nhm gii php v o to ngun
nhn lc
Ngnh du lch cn xy dng v trin khai
thc hin quy hoch pht trin nhn lc ton
ngnh v cc a phng
Xy dng tiu chun v thc hin chun
ho nhn lc du lch ph hp vi cc nguyn
tc, quy nh ca UNWTO v TPP
Tng cng nghin cu khoa hc du
lch v trao i khoa hc du lch trong khi
ASEAN v cc nc c du lch pht trin.
Tng cng trao i chuyn gia v o to
nhn lc cc nc pht trin.
Quy hoch, chun ho c s o to du
lch, quy nh cht ch cc iu kin thnh
lp, m ngnh du lch cc trng i hc,
cao ng, ngh,
o to o to li nhn lc du lch, quy
nh nh k o to li, bi dng cc chc
danh ngh nghip cho cc doanh nghip du lch.
5.7. Nhm gii php v c ch, chnh
sch v mi trng kinh doanh du lch
Kin ton b my qun l Nh nc v
du lch cc cp, nng cao nng lc qun l
v xy dng quy hoch cho c quan qun l.
Nng cao hiu qu hp tc quc t v du lch.
a dng ho, a phng ho cc loi hnh
hp tc vi cc quc gia, vng lnh th, cc
knh hp tc. Ch ng ku gi ti tr t cc
ti tr quc t.
p dng cc bin php khuyn khch cc
hot ng du lch thn thin mi trng, bo v
v pht huy cc gi tr ti nguyn, mi trng,
gim thiu tc ng ca bin i kh hu.
96
 Nng cao nng lc . . .

Tng cng hiu lc ch o ca Ban ch
o Nh nc v du lch; nghim cm thnh
lp cc t chc lin kt du lch mt s vng
du lch c th nh: Ty Nguyn, Ty Nam
B, ng Nam B, ng bng sng Cu
Long, Bc Min Trung,
6. KT LUN
Trong bi cnh hi nhp kinh t quc t
i vo chiu su, hip nh i tc kinh t
xuyn Thi Bnh Dng (TPP) sp c hiu
lc, vic ra cc gii php c tnh chin
lc cho ngnh du lch nng cao nng lc
canh tranh vi nhng bc i thch hp.
tr thnh ngnh kinh t mi nhn, du lch Vit
Nam phi gii phng sc mnh ni sinh, ho
nhp nhanh vo dng chy ca du lch khu
vc v th gii, gp phn vo qu trnh tng
trng bn vng ca nn kinh t.

TAI LIU THAM KHAO

[1]. Ban ch o Ty Nguyn (2010). Bo co tng kt 10 nm pht trin kinh t - x hi Ty Nguyn,
Ti liu Ban ch o Ty Nguyn.
[2]. B Chnh tr (2002), Ngh quyt 10 -NQ/TW ngy 18/01/2002 v pht trin kinh t - x hi v m
bo quc phng, an ninh vng Ty Nguyn thi k 2001-2010.
[3]. ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2011), Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb. Chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni.
[4]. Chnh ph (2012), Quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi vng Ty Nguyn n nm 2020.
[5]. Chnh ph (2014), Quy hoch tng th du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030.
Tng cc du lch.
[6]. Michael E. Porter (2002), Busines Competitivenes Index BCI (Nghin cu kh nng cnh tranh),
Havard University, USA.
[7]. Nguyn Duy Mu (2014), Pht trin du lch Ty Nguyn trong qu trnh hi nhp quc t, Nxb. i
hc Kinh t H Ch Minh (UEH)
[8]. P.A. Samuelson v W.D. Nordhaus (1989), Kinh t hc, Vin quan h quc t.
[9]. Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI) (2014), Bo co kt qu nng lc cnh tranh
cp Tnh nm 2014.
[10]. UBNN Tnh Lm ng (2015), Quy hoch pht trin nng nghip, nng thn Tnh Lm ng n
nm 2020.

97
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

PHT TRIN DU LCH NG BNG SNG CU LONG P NG

YU CU HI NHP QUC T
Nguyn Hong Phng*
TM TT
ng bng sng Cu Long c xc nh l mt trong 7 vng du lch c trng ca c
nc theo Chin lc v quy hoch tng th pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020 tm nhn
n 2030 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt. Tuy nhin, trong bi cnh ton cu ha v hi
nhp kinh t quc t nh hng khng nh n ngnh du lch c nc ni chung v ngnh du
lch vng BSCL ni ring. Hi nhp kinh t quc t mang li cho ngnh du lch BSCL nhng
thun li rt ln nhng ng thi cng phi i mt vi rt nhiu kh khn v thch thc.

T kha: du lch, ng bng sng Cu Long, hi nhp quc t

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MEKONG RIVER DELTA MEETS THE

DEMAND OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION

ABSTRACT
Mekong River Delta has been identified as one of 7 feature tourism zonesas the strategy
and the overall planning of Vietnam tourism development to 2020, vision 2030 was approved
by the PrimeMinister. However, the process of globalization and international economic
integrationhasaffected Vietnam tourism industry in general and Mekong River Delta tourism
industry in particular. International economic integration has brought toMekong River Delta
tourism the huge advantages but also faced many difficult challenges.

Keyword: Mekong River Delta tourismin the global integration process

1. KHI QUT CHUNG xu th m cn chnh l bn cht ca pht

S pht trin ca du lch vi t cch l
mt ngnh kinh t khng nm ngoi quy lut
khch quan ca qu trnh ton cu ha, hi
nhp quc t. Hn th na, vi c im l
ngnh kinh t lin ngnh, lin vng v x
hi ha cao, s pht trin du lch khng th
b hp trong mt lnh th khp kn m
lun vn ra khi phm vi hnh chnh mt
a phng, mt quc gia, mt khu vc. Nh
vy, hi nhp quc t khng ch c xem l
trin im n du lch.Hi nhp ca im n
du lch l mt yu cu khch quan trong qu
trnh pht trin ca im n tt c cc quy
m khc nhau t khu vc, quc gia n cc
a phng v im du lch trong tng a
phng nhm c c nhng li ch v c
hi pht trin cho im n m trc ht
l c hi m rng th trng du lch, c hi
pht trin cc tuyn du lch v sn phm du
lch lin kt quy m lnh th ln hn, c hi

*
ThS. Tng CTy. Thi Sn, B Quc phng. NCS. Trng i hc Kinh t thnh ph H Ch Minh

98

c c nhng chnh sch chung h tr hiu
qu hn, v.v. Tuy nhin bn cnh nhng li
ch c c, vic hi nhp nh mt yu cu
khch quan s to ra nhng thch thc khng
nh i vi im n m trc ht l thch
thc v nng lc cnh tranh. Thc t cho thy
trong bi cnh ton cu ha v hi nhp hin
nay, im n du lch no khng t nng cao
c nng lc cnh tranh ca mnh trc
ht l tn ti v sau l pht trin th s b
loi ra khi cuc chi cho d im n rt
c tim nng du lch.
ng bng sng Cu Long c xc
nh l mt trong 7 vng du lch c trng ca
c nc theo Chin lc v quy hoch tng
th pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020
tm nhn n 2030 c Th tng Chnh
ph ph duyt. Tuy nhin, trong bi cnh ton
cu ha v hi nhp kinh t quc t nh
hng khng nh n ngnh du lch c nc
ni chung v ngnh du lch vng BSCL ni
ring. Hi nhp kinh t quc t mang li
cho ngnh du lch BSCL nhng thun li rt
ln nhng ng thi cng phi i mt vi rt
nhiu kh khn thch thc. iu i hi
s n lc cao ca Nh nc, ngnh du lch v
ca nhn dn ton vng vi nhng gii php
thit thc a ngnh du lch ca vng ngy
cng pht trin, gp phn to ln vo s nghip
xy dng t nc trong thi k mi hin nay.
Qu trnh hi nhp quc t gp phn gia
tng th phn du lch ca vng BSCL, m
rng th trng, khai thc nhng li th v du
lch ca Vng v pht trin nhng loi hnh du
lch mi. Ngoi nhng c hi c c, th hi
nhp quc t cng t ra nhng thch thc
khng nh i vi du lch ca vng BSCL
nh cnh tranh quyt lit, lm tng s ph
thuc vo nc ngoi, kh khn trong bo tn
cc gi tr vn ha truyn thng ca Vng,
Pht trin du lch . . .
tc ng tiu cc n mi trng, sinh thi
t i hi cc cp, cc ngnh cn c s
quan tm su st a ra nhng gii php
kp thi, ph hp nhm khai thc nhng li
th pht trin du lch vng BSCL t hiu
qu, ng thi p ng c yu cu ca hi
nhp quc t.
2. NHNG THUN LI V KH
KHN CA DU LCH VNG BSCL
TRONG HI NHP QUC T
2.1. Nhng thun li
Vng BSCL c mt h thng sng rch
chng cht, nhng vn cy n tri, nhng
ch ni tp np trn sng,i din cho
vng sinh thi ph sa ngt, mt vng sinh thi
tiu biu cho BSCL. Vng sinh thi nc
ngt thuc loi tr ph nht v mt sinh thi
vi nhiu loi tri cy c sn nh bi, cam,
su ring, nhn, xoi, chm chm,c nhiu
ch ni nht nh Ci B, Tr n, Phng Hip,
Vng sng nc C Mau c h thng sng
rch chng cht vi 150 ngn ha rng, trong
rng ngp mn chim 85 ngn ha. Bn cnh
cn c khong 19 sn chim. Khu sinh thi
Vm H, cng p Ba Lai thuc tnh Bn Tre,
khu sinh thi Trng Long Ha thuc tnh Tr
Vinhthuc vng sinh thi ngp mn hin
vn cn dng tim nng m cha c u
t khai thc phc v cho mc ch du lch. V
du lch bin ni ting nht c o Ph Quc
(Kin Giang) vi nhiu bi bin p, c th
pht trin thnh khu du lch mang tm c khu
vc v quc t.
Bn cnh cc ti nguyn thin nhin cn
c ti nguyn nhn vn, l cc di tch vn
ha lch s. BSCL c mt nn vn ha
c Ph Nam thuc h thng vn ha c Eo
vi rt nhiu b n cho du khch khm ph
v nghin cu. S hi t, giao thoa ca bn
nn vn ha: Kinh, Khme,Chm v Hoa,
99
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

to nn bn sc vn ha c trng cho c Nguyn Sinh Sc (ng Thp), khu tng

vng BSCL. Nhng di tch lch s nh cha nim nh th Nguyn nh Chiu (Bn Tre).
Khme Tr Vinh, Sc Trng, thnh ng BSCL cn ni ting vi cc lng ngh
Islam ca ngi Chm An Giang, h thng nh c s ko da Bn Tre, l gm Ci B
Cha B, Cha ng ca ngi Hoa cc l ni thu ht ng o du khch tham quan
th sm ut,.. va mang sc thi ring ca tng dy chuyn sn xut, thng thc ti ch v
dn tc va chu nh hng cc dng vn mua v. Ngoi ra trong vng cn c nhng
ha khc. Nhng l hi dn gian mang sc lng ngh c o gn lin vi nt vn ha
thi ring ca vng sng nc BSCL cng nh: ru G en (Long An), Ph L,
l iu kin thun li pht trin du lch. hoa king Ci Mn (Bn Tre), Xun Thnh
Ngoi ra trong vng cn c nhiu danh lam (Tr Vinh); dc phm Tri Rn ng
thng cnh ni ting nh Cha B ni Sam, Tm (Tin Giang), lng gm , nhn kh
Lng Thoi Ngc Hu (An Giang), n th Vnh Long, bnh phng tm Sa c, nem Li
Nguyn Trung Trc (Kin Giang), lng m Vung, bnh pa (Sc Trng),
Bng 1: Nhng a im du lch tiu biu thu ht du khch nc ngoi
n tham quan ti vng BSCL
TT im du lch a ch Ni dung
LONG AN
1 Bo tng Long An Tn An Tham quan nghin cu
2 Tri rn Mc Ho Huyn Mc Ho Tham quan, khm ph
3 Khu BTTN Lng Sen Huyn Tn Hng Tham quan, thng cnh
TIN GIANG
4 Cha Vnh Trng TP M Tho Tham quan nghin cu
5 C lao Thi Sn Huyn G Cng Tham quan mit vn
6 Tri rn ng Tm H. ng Tm Tham quan, khm ph
7 Ch ni Ci B, c lao Tn Phong Huyn Ci B Tham quan mit vn
VNH LONG
8 C lao Bnh Ho Phc Tham quan mit vn
9 Khu du lch Trng An TP Vnh Long Tham quan, vui chi gii tr
BN TRE
10 Di tch ng Khi Huyn M Cy Tham quan, nghin cu
11 Sn chim Ba Tri Huyn Ba Tri Tham quan, nghin cu, khm ph
12 Lng cy cnh Ci Mn Huyn Ch Lch Tham quan mit vn
13 Cn Phng, Cn Quy, Cn c Tham quan mit vn
NG THP
14 M c Nguyn Sinh Sc Th x Sa c Tham quan di tch
15 Vn c Thp Mi H. Thp Mi Tham quan nghin cu, khm ph
16 Vn su Tam Nng Tam Nng Tham quan nghin cu, khm ph
17 Vn cy cnh Sa c Th x Sa c Tham quan mit vn
CN TH
18 Bn Ninh Kiu Tp. Cn Th Tham quan thng cnh
19 Ch ni Ci Rng, Phong in Thm quan, khm ph
20 Vin la BSCL Tp. Cn Th Tham quan, nghin cu
100

21 i hc Cn Th Tp. Cn Th
AN GIANG
22 Khu di tch i Tc Dc Huyn Tri Tn
23 Nh lu nim Bc Tn TP Long Xuyn
24 nh Chu Ph Th x Chu c
25 Lng Chm Th x Chu c
KIN GIANG
26 Hn ph t - Cha Hang Huyn H Tin
27 nh Nguyn Trung Trc Rch Gi
28 Cha Sc T Tam Bo Rch Gi
29 Thch ng Th x H Tin
30 Mi Nai Th x H Tin
31 Hn t Huyn Hn t
Ngun: S Vn ho, Th thao v Du lch cc tnh BSCL
BSCL l khu vc c tim nng v du
lch, c o, khng ging vi vng min no
ca c nc. Khi ni n li th so snh ca
du lch BSCL phi k n nhng im c
bit v v tr a l, ti nguyn du lch v s
pht trin ca h thng c s h tng. BSCL
l vng kinh t, vn ho, chnh tr c bit
quan trng ca khu vc pha Nam, ni lin
vi TP. H Ch Minh v min ng Nam b
- khu vc c ng giao thng hng hi v
hng khng quc t quan trng. y l nhng
thun li cho vic tip cn cc th trng du
lchtrong nc, khu vc v quc t. Ni y,
c dng sng Cu Long bi p ph sa mu
m, vi 2 nhnh sng chnh l sng Tin v
sng Hu, h thng knh rch chng cht giao
thoa cng ni rng, bin o hnh thnh
mt vng sinh thi a dng, to nn nhng
cnh quan c sc, hng v, cha bao iu k
th. Bn cnh , nn vn ha sng nc c
t lu i ca vng BSCL mang mt du n
ring ca nhng con ngi Nam B tonn
nt c sc khng th nhm ln vi bt k ni
no khc trn t nc Vit Nam.
2.2. Nhng kh khn
Ngoi nhng thun li nu trn, du lch
Pht trin du lch . . .
Tham quan
Tham quan, nghin cu
Tham quan di tch
Tham quan di tch
Tham quan nghin cu
Tham quan l hi, nghin cu
Tham quan di tch
Tham quan nghin cu
Tham quan nghin cu, khm ph
Tm bin, thm quan thng cnh
Tham quan thng cnh
BSCL cng gp nhng kh khn v tr ngi
trong hi nhp quc t nh:
- H thng giao thng ng thy, ng
b cha ng b cn chp v, cc tuyn di
chuyn khng n nh; phng tin giao
thng khng ng b vi cu ng; ng
hng khng cha pht trin ch c mt s
tuyn ng ngn ni vi cc vng trong
nc, cha c nhng tuyn ng bay quc
t n Vng, t gy kh khn cho khch
du lch quc t mun n BSCL
- Nhng tiu vng du lch vng BSCL
c iu kin hi nhp quc t, vi cc loi
hnh du lch c th nh: du lch sinh thi, du
lch kho cu, du lch khm ph, du lch mo
him hu nh b ngn cch vi cc trung
tm th ln nn thiu cc phng tin, dch
v thit yu cho cc hot ng c th ca du
khch
- Cc sn phm du lch vng BSCL c
iu kin hi nhp cn ngho nn, n iu,
trng lp nh du lch mit vn th nhiu a
phng t chc quanh qun cc loi hnh nh:
bi xung dc knh, n, hi tri cy; thm
quan l ko, bnh, mt ong; trng la, hi
rau; tt mng bt c, nng c; n ca ti t
101
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
(nhng ch yu l nghe ht ci lng)... Phn
ln cc im tham quan du lch trong Vng
phi di chuyn bng ghe, tu du lch, tc rng,
ca n v cnh quan trn sng u ging nhau.
iu ny dn n tour du lch sng nc ti
cc im nh M Tho, Ci B (Tin Giang),
Cn Th, Vnh Long, ng Thp, An Giang...
gn nh ging nhau n tng chi tit.
- Ngun nhn lc du lch ca Vng p
ng cho yu cu hi nhp quc t cn thiu
v yu, k nng giao tip cng nh trnh t
chc tuar, tuyn cn qu nhiu hn ch, c
bit l vn khng thng tho ngoi ng
cng nh s km hiu bit v vn ha, tp
qun ca du khch ngai quc l ro cn ln
cho du lch BSCL.
BSCL c nh gi l Vng c nhiu
tim nng pht trin du lch, nhng n nay
vn l vng thu ht khch t nht trong c
nc. Thi gian qua, du lch BSCL ang
dn tr thnh im n khng cn hp dn
bi cc cng ty du lch ch tp trung khai thc
nhng g c sn t thin nhin ly tin v
hu nh khng ti u t pht trin nhng
sn phm du lch c o nhm thu ht du
khch. Vic lin kt trong v ngoi vng c
ku gi nhiu nm nay vi nhiu hi ngh, hi
tho a cp, a ngnh nhng khng em li
kt qu nh mong i.
Tm li: Du lch BSCL nm trong tng
th pht trin du lch ca Vit Nam v cng
chu nh hng bi xu hng pht trin du
lch ca khu vc v th gii. Chnh v vy
vic xc nh ng nhng thun li v kh
khn s to iu kin thun li cho vic a
ra nhng chnh sch, gii php c cn c khoa
hc v ph hp vi thc tin ca Vng.
3. NHNG GII PHP PHT TRIN
DU LCH BSCL P NG YU CU
HI NHP QUC T
pht trin du lch vng BSCL p
ng yu cu hi nhp quc t cn phi thc
hin ng b cc gii php sau:
Th nht, u t xy dng, pht trin
nhiu sn phm du lch c o, a dng
nh: Du lch Tm linh bao gm cc n th,
Miu, Cha, Thnh ng, T nh; Du lch
Sinh thi, ngh dng; du lch mit vn,
mit bin, mit ni, mit rng; Du lch Th
thao mo him nh leo ni, vt a hnh; du
lch thm him hang ng, rng ngp mn;
du lch ln, khm ph bin; pht trin du lch
mua sm, vui chi gii tr, m thc; du lch
lng ngh th cng, m ngh (gm, chiu,
t la, th cm, kh mm, ng tht nt,
mc, my, tre, l), ch ni; du lch vn
ha nh l hi dn gian, vn ha vt th (cc
di tch vn ha, lch s, kin trc) v phi vt
th (nghi l, m nhc, v iu, m thc, trang
phc); Du lch kho cu khoa hc nh kho
c, sinh hc (thc vt, ng vt),a mo, a
tng (rng ngp nc, bn sn a, ph sa c,
hang ng).
Th hai, c chnh sch u t trng im
nhm pht huy li th ca tng loi hnh, sn
phm du lch c o cc a phng nh:
trng im du lch tm linh gn vi a danh
vng By Ni An Giang, du lch thm quan
chim bi lng miu ni Sam; cha, Tng
pht Di Lc trn nh ni Cm, Nh m Ba
Chc, cc cha Pht gio Nam tng; trng
im du lch bin o, ngh dng nh H
Tin, Ph Quc; trng im du lch sinh thi
rng ngp nc ng Thp Mi, U Minh;
da Bn Tre; Trng im du lch l hi
vn ha nh An Giang (va B cha X ni
Sam, L hi ua b By Ni), Sc Trng (ua
ghe Ngo), Tr Vinh (L hi c- om- boc),
Bn Tre (L hi Da); trng im du lch
kho cu khoa hc nh trm chim ng Thp
102

Mi, Di tch vn ho c Eo An Giang, ng
Thp, Long An, rng U Minh C Mau, Kin
Giang;trng im du lch mo him nh
leo ni, ln bin (Kin Giang), thm him
hang ng (By Ni An Giang), vt a hnh
thy, b; trng im mua sm, vui chi gii
tr nh thnh ph Cn Th; khu du lch M
Khnh, siu th min thu Tnh Bin (bin
gii An Giang)
Th ba, xy dng chin lc qung b du
lch vng BSCL mang tnh ton cu: thng
qua cc hnh thc nh giao lu quc t, hi
tho, Carnaval, Farmstrip, xc tin thng
mi, hi ch, giao lu vn hakt hp
vi cc phng tin v sn phm nghe nhn,
sn phm th cng, m ngh, tranh nh, qu
lu nimi tng tham gia a dng bao
gm Chnh ph, cc t chc phi Chnh ph
(NGO), i tc ngnh du lch cc nc, vng
lnh th. Kt hp vi nhiu thi gian, khng
gian qung b du lch ca Vng mi lc, mi
ni c th.
Th t, pht trin kt cu h tng ng
b to s lin kt vng min, c bit l cc
vng c nhiu tim nng du lch trong hi
nhp quc t trong tp trung vo pht
trin v to mi li kt gia cc tiu vng ca
BSCL nh: Tiu vng duyn hi ni Tin
Giang, Bn Tre, Tr Vinh n Sc Trng, Bc
Liu, C Mau; Tiu vng ng Thp Mi
(Long An, Tin Giang, ng Thp); Tiu
vng Vnh Long, Cn Th, Hu Giang, Sc
Trng, Bc Liu; Tiu vng bin gii Long
An, ng Thp, An Giang, Kin Giang; Tiu
vng duyn hi C Mau, Kin Giang ni vng
By Ni An Giang.
Th nm, thu ht u t quc t vo pht
trin du lch vng BSCL vi cc chnh
sch u i nh: u i v cho thu t, mc
thu cho cc d n pht trin du lch xanh,
Pht trin du lch . . .
bn vng, trng vi quy hoch trng im
cc tiu vng; u tin vn ODA pht trin kt
cu h tng, phng tin giao thng thy, b
ni cc trung tm th vi cc tiu vng du
lch trng im.
Th su, o to, nng cao cht lng
ngun nhn lc cho pht trin du lch vng
BSCL vi cc bin php c th nh: Nng
cao trnh dn tr, trnh chuyn mn,
nghip v cho i ng ngun nhn lc tham
gia vo hot ng du lch ca Vng; o to
k nng xy dng tuar, tuyn, pht trin cc
sn phm du lch c o; qung b, ku gi
hp tc, u t khai thc v du lch; nng cao
trnh ngoi ng, nng lc thuyt minh,
hng dn cho i ng hng dn vin du
lch; trang b kin thc, hiu bit tm l tp
qun ca khch du lch quc t, tp trung vo
mt s vng, lnh th c lng khch ln
thng n vng BSCL
4. KT LUN
C th nhn nh rng ng bng sng
Cu Long ang c tim nng rt ln v du
lch c hnh thnh da trn cc yu t mi
trng t nhin, con ngi x hi bn cnh yu
t nhn vn, lch s. Tuy nhin, thi gian qua
tim nng ny cha c khm ph, khai thc
ng mc, v vy cha thu ht c nhiu du
khch trong nc v quc t n y, nguyn
nhn chnh l cha pht huy c th mnh
ca vng, sn phm du lch cn n iu, kt
cu h tng yu km, thiu chin lng qung
b c hiu qu, ngun nhn lc ngnh du lch
ca vng cha p ng kp yu cu hi nhp
quc t. V vy, cn phi kt hp thc hin
nhiu gii php ng b mi thc y c
s pht trin ca du lch vng BSCL, p
ng yu cu hi nhp quc t, xng ng l
mt trong nhng vng trng im du lch ca
c nc.
103
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. B Ngoi giao,Vit Nam hi nhp kinh t trong xu th ton cu ha: Vn v gii php,Nxb.
Chnh tr quc gia, H NBBi, 2002.
[2]. Ng c Anh, Kh nng cnh tranh v hng pht trin du lch ca Vit Nam thi k hu WTO,
Hi tho v Pht trin du lch Vit Nam trong bi cnh tch cc, ch ng hi nhp quc t. H
Ni, 14/7/2010.
[3]. Nguyn Trng Minh, Kinh t i ngoi ng bng sng Cu Long thi k i mi: Kinh nghim v
trin vng, Nxb. Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni, 2011.
[4]. Nguyn Xun Thng (ch bin),Ton cu ha kinh t v hi nhp kinh t quc t i vi tin trnh
cng nghip ha, hin i ha Vit Nam, Nxb. Khoa hc x hi,H Ni, 2007.
[5]. Nhiu tc gi, C s khoa hc cho pht trin vng trong bi cnh hi nhp quc t ti Vit Nam,Nxb.
Th gii, H Ni, 2011.
[6]. Nhiu tc gi, ng bng sng Cu Long: Thc trng v Gii Php tr thnh vng trng im
pht trin kinh t, Nxb. i hc Quc gia TP. HCM, 2006.
[7]. Phm Quc Tr (2012), Hi nhp quc t - Mt s vn l lun v thc tin, Hc vin Ngoi giao,
H Ni.
[8]. Pham Trung Luong, The Contribution of Tourism to Socio-Economic Development in Vietnam,
UNWTO Conference on Tourism as Key Driver for Socio-Economic Development in Asia and the
Pacific, Ha Noi, 10/5/2010.
[9]. Quyt nh 201/Q-TTg ngy 22 thng 1 nm 2013 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt
Quy hoch tng th pht trin du lch Vit Nam n nm 2020, tm nhn 2030.
[10]. Tng cc Du lch (2010), K yu hi tho quc gia Pht trin ngun nhn lc du lch Vit Nam.
[11]. Trung tm thng tin du lch, Tng cc Du lch (2013), S liu thng k ch yu ca ngnh du lch
giai on 2000 - 2015.
[12]. Trng nh Tuyn, Ton cu ha kinh t - cch tip cn, c hi v thch thc, Bo Nhn dn in
t (www.mofa.gov) ngy 17/1/2005.
[14]. Vin Nghin cu Pht trin Du lch (2014), Du lch Vit nam - Thc trng v gii php pht trin,
Bo co chuyn , H Ni.
[15]. V Hng Dng (ch bin), Kinh t ng bng sng Cu Long 2001-2011, 2 tp, Nxb. i hc Cn
Th, 2012.

104
 Pht trin dch v . . .

PHT TRIN DCH V KIU HI TI NGN HNG NNG

NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN VIT NAM
V Vn Thc,* L Bch Phng**
TM TT
Vi khong 4,5 triu Vit kiu ang sinh sng trn 90 quc gia v vng lnh th trn th
gii, ngoi ra cn c hng trm nghn lao ng xut khu ang lm vic ti nc ngoi, v vy
hng nm lng kiu hi chuyn v Vit Nam l rt ln. Theo tnh ton ca cc c quan chc nng,
trong nm 2015, lng kiu hi chuyn v Vit Nam t 12,5 t USD v c d bo l tip tc tng
trong cc nm tip theo, y qu thc l mt th trng y tim nng pht trin dch v kiu hi
m bt c ngn hng thng mi no cng nhm n. L mt trong nhng ngn hng hng u,
c uy tn Vit Nam, nhng nm qua Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn Vit Nam
(Agribank) c nhiu gii php pht trin dch v ny, tuy nhin kt qu t c cha thc s
nh mong i. Bi vit ny nh gi khi qut thc trng pht trin dch v kiu hi ti Agribank,
trn c s nguyn nhn hn ch, tc gi xut gii php pht trin dch v ny trong thi gian ti.

T kho: dch v kiu hi, Agribank

REMITTANCE SERVICE DEVELOPMENT AT VIETNAM BANK FOR

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT
To the fact that there are about 4.5 million overseas Vietnamese living in over 90 countries
and territories around the world, besides hundreds of thousands of workers are exported oversea,
so the amount of annual remittances to Vietnam is enormous. According to the authorities, in
2015, remittances transferred to Vietnam reached USD 12.5 billion and is forecasted to continue
increasing in the next few years. This is indeed a promising market to develop remittance services
that any commercial bank would like to keep their hands on. As one of the leading banks in Vietnam,
for years has Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank) developed several
solutions for this service, but the outcome has not been really as expected. This article reviews the
condition of remittance service development at Agribank, with limited reason, the authors propose
solutions to develop this service in the future.

Keywords: remittances services, Agribank

*
TS. Ngn hng NN v PTNT, chi nhnh Tn Bnh, Tp. HCM
**
TS. GV. Trng i hc Kinh t - K thut Bnh Dng

105
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
1. T VN
Vi khong trn 4,5 triu Vit kiu ang
sinh sng ti hn 90 quc gia v vng lnh
th trn th gii, ngoi ra cn c hng trm
nghn lao ng xut khu ang lm vic
nc ngoi th hng nm t nc ta c mt
lng kiu hi khng l chuyn v nc, do
pht trin dch v kiu hi l mi quan tm
ca bt c ngn hng thng mi (NHTM)
no. Dch v kiu hi pht trin mang li li
ch khng nh cho cc NHTM nh: gia tng
ngun thu dch v phi tn dng, tng trng
ngun vn, phn tn ri ro, cng nh gia tng
uy tn, v th ca mi ngn hng. L mt ngn
hng thng mi hng u ti Vit Nam, c
b dy truyn thng hot ng, tim lc ti
chnh mnh, h thng cng ngh thng tin
hin i, c bit c mng li tri rng t
thnh th n nng thn trong c nc ang l
nhng li th ln Ngn hng Nng nghip
v Pht trin Nng thn Vit Nam (Agribank)
pht trin mng dch v ny. Thi gian qua,
thy c tm quan trng ca dch v kiu
hi, Agribank a ra nhiu gii php
pht trin dch v ny, qua gt hi c
nhiu thnh qu ng khch l. Tuy c bc
pht trin, song khch quan m ni, dch v
kiu hi vn cha thc s khai thc ht tim
nng, li th vn c ca mnh. Do , tm ra
gii php pht trin mng dch v ny ang l
vn cp thit t ra i vi Agribank trong
giai on hin nay.
2. C S L LUN
Bng 3.1: Doanh s chi tr kiu hi giai on 2013 -2015
Nm 2013
Ch tiu
S tin S tin
Qua knh Western union 785,7 717,9
Qua knh ngn hng 469,8 632,1
Tng cng 1.255,5 1.350
Ngun: Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn Vit Nam [4]
Dch v kiu hi l dch v ca ngn
hng thng mi pht sinh trong qu trnh
y nhim ca kiu hi chuyn tin nc
ngoi chuyn v tr tin ti ngi hng
c nhn trong nc vi mc ch vin tr,
gip v u t khng lin quan n hng
ha v dch v.
Pht trin dch v kiu hi: theo t in
ting Vit nm 1994 ca Nh xut bn Khoa
hc X hi, Trung tm t in hc H Ni-
Vit Nam, trang 743 ghi: Pht trin l bin
i hoc lm cho bin i t t n nhiu, hp
n rng, thp n cao, n gin n phc
tp, v d: pht trin vn ha, pht trin nhy
vt... [1].
Bi vit ny, pht trin dch v kiu hi
c hiu theo ngha: l vic gia tng v s
lng khch hng, s lng giao dch, doanh
s chuyn tin kiu hi, ph dch v, th phn,
cng nh a dng ho dch v kiu hi.
3. THC TRNG DCH V KIU
HI TI AGRIBANK
3.1. Doanh s chi tr kiu hi
Thy c tm quan trng ca vic pht
trin dch v kiu hi, Agribank a ra
nhiu gii php pht trin dch v ny, qua
dch v kiu hi c bc pht trin ng
k, th hin c th l doanh s chi tr kiu hi
ti Agribank kh ln, chim th phn khng
nh trong nc, tuy nhin c xu hng gim
trong nm 2015, c bit doanh s chi tr kiu
hi qua knh Western Union gim ng k
trong nhng nm gn y (xem bng 3.1):
n v tnh: triu USD
Nm 2014 Nm 2015
Mc tng, T l tng, Mc tng, T l tng,
S tin
gim gim(%) gim gim(%)
(67,8) 8,6 644 (73,9) (10,3
162,3 34,55 697 65 10,3
94,5 7 1.341 (9) (0,67)
106
 Pht trin dch v . . .

Bng 3.1 cho thy: nm 2014, tng doanh
s chi tr t 1.350 triu USD tng 94,5
triu USD so vi nm 2013, t l tng 7%,
trong : doanh s chi tr kiu hi qua knh
Western Union t 717,9 triu USD, gim
67,8 triu USD so vi nm 2013, t l gim
8,6%, chim 53% tng doanh s chi tr; doanh
s chi tr kiu hi qua ngn hng t 632,1
triu USD, tng 162,3 triu USD so vi nm
2013, t l tng 34,55%, chim 47% doanh s
chi tr. Nm 2015, tng doanh s chi tr t
1.341 triu USD gim 9 triu USD so vi nm
2014, t l gim 0,67%, trong : doanh s
chi tr qua knh Western Union t 644 triu
USD, gim 73,9 triu USD so vi nm 2014,
t l gim 10,3%, chim 48% doanh s chi
tr; qua ngn hng t 697 triu USD, tng 65
triu USD so vi nm 2014, t l tng 10,3%,
chim 52% doanh s chi tr.

Hnh 3.1: Doanh s chi tr kiu hi giai on 2013-2015

n v tnh: triu USD

3.2. Thu ph dch v kiu hi

Cng vi s pht trin ca doanh s chi tr kiu hi th ngun thu ph t dch v chi tr kiu
hi tng trng kh, gp phn lm gia tng ngun thu nhp, phn tn ri ro cho Agribank(xem
bng 3.2)
Bng 3.2. Thu nhp t mt s dch v ca Agribank (giai on 2013-2015)
n v tnh: t ng
S Tng, Tng, Tng, Tng,
T Ch tiu 2013 2014 gim so gim so 2015 gim so gim so
T 2013 (+/-) 2013 (%) 2014 (+/-) 2014 (%)
Thu t dch v thanh
1 949 1.043 94 9,9 1.215 172 16,5
ton trong nc
Thu t dch v thanh
2 280 311 31 11,1 232 (79) (25,4)
ton quc t
3 Thu t dch v th 236 345 109 46,3 461 116 33,6
4 Thu t dch v kiu hi 91 98,2 7,2 7,91 109 10,8 9,9

Ngun: Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn Vit Nam [4]
Bng 3.2 cho thy, ngun thu ph dch v dch v kiu hi t 109 t ng, tng so vi
kiu hi tng trng u qua cc nm, c th: nm 2014 l 10,8 t ng, t l tng 9,9%. So
nm 2014, ngun thu ph dch v kiu hi t vi mt s dch v phi tn dng khc, ph dch
98,2 t ng, tng so vi nm 2013 l 7,2 t v chi tr kiu hi chim t trng kh, c th:
ng, t l tng 7,91%. Nm 2015, ph thu t nm 2013, ph dch v kiu hi bng 9,6% ph
107
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
thu t dch v thanh ton trong nc, bng
32,5% ph thu t dch v thanh ton quc t
v bng 38,6% ph thu t dch v th. Nm
2014, ph dch v kiu hi bng 9,4% ph thu
t dch v thanh ton trong nc, bng 31,6%
ph thu t dch v thanh ton quc t v bng
28,5% ph thu t dch v th. Nm 2015, ph
dch v kiu hi bng 9% ph thu t dch v
thanh ton trong nc, bng 47% ph thu t
dch v thanh ton quc t v bng 23,6% ph
thu t dch v th.
4. NH GI KT QU HOT
NG KIU HI TI AGRIBANK
4.1. Nhng kt qu t c
- V qun tr iu hnh: dch v kiu hi
lun nhn c s quan tm ch o su st
ca lnh o Agribank. Vic xy dng v trin
khai cc c ch nh c ch k hoch, c ch
thi ua khen thng v dch v kiu hi ang
dn c hon thin, tng bc pht huy hiu
qu, to ng lc cho cc n v trong ton h
thng y mnh pht trin.
- Agribank m phn v k kt hp
ng hp tc vi cc i tc mi, lm tin
pht trin dch v kiu hi nh: Hp ng i
l vi WU giai on 2015-2019; gia hn hp
ng hp tc vi Maybank, tho thun hp
tc vi Landbank pht trin knh chuyn tin
ra nc ngoi phc v cng dn Philipin lm
vic ti Vit Nam; Xc tin k kt tho thun
hp tc vi Kookminbank v m ti khon
cho cng nhn xut khu lao ng, hon thin
cng tc m phn k tho thun vi Korea
Exchange bank v Nonghuyp bank
- trin khai mt s chng trnh
marketing dch v kiu hi tri u trong nm
trn ton h thng nh: quay s trng thng,
chng trnh marketing trng im chm
sc v thu ht khch hng.
4.2. Nhng mt cn hn ch
- Mc d doanh thu t dch v kiu hi
kh cao nhng cha tng xng vi tim
nng, li th sn c, cha c bc pht trin
t ph, c bit l doanh thu t Western
Union c chiu hng gim trong nhng nm
gn y.
- Cht lng dch v c bc ci thin
ng k, nhng tin ch cn thiu v phn no
cn km sc hp dn so vi mt s ngn hng
khc.
- Hot ng qung co, gii thiu dch
v ni chung, dch v kiu hi ni ring cha
thc quan tm ng mc; hiu qu thp, hnh
thc qung co cha thc s hp dn i vi
khch hng.
- Ngun nhn lc phc v nghip v ny
cn kh mng, nhiu nhn vin cn yu v
nghip v so vi ngn hng khc, c bit so
vi cc ngn hng thng mi nc ngoi th
cn c khong cch nht nh.
4.3. Nguyn nhn hn ch
4.3.1. Nguyn nhn khch quan
Nn kinh t th gii suy thoi trong giai
on di v hi phc chm tc ng khng
nh n thu nhp thc t ca ngi ang
sinh sng, lao ng nc ngoi, qua nh
hng nht nh n ngun kiu hi chuyn
v nc.
4.3.2. Nguyn nhn ch quan
- Vic phi hp vi chnh quyn a
phng, t dn ph, thn bn bit thng
tin, tip cn i vi gia nh c ngi thn
ang sinh sng v lm vic nc ngoi cha
c quan tm ng mc.
- Cng tc qun tr iu hnh tng
bc c ci thin, song vn cha theo kp
vi pht trin nhanh ca nn kinh t x hi
trong v ngoi nc.
- S lng, cng nh cht lng ca dch
v kiu hi phn no cha p ng c nhu
108

cu ca khch hng, mt s dch v cn c
khong cch nht nh so vi mt s NHTM
khc.
- Marketing dch v kiu hi cha c
quan tm ng mc, hnh thc qung co cn
kh n iu, chng trnh khuyn mi cn
thiu hp dn; cha tn dng ht tim nng,
li th ca i ng cn b cng nhn vin
ton h thng tham gia qung co gii thiu
dch v ngn hng ni chung, dch v kiu hi
ni ring.
- Cha khai thc ht c tnh nng, cng
dng ca h thng phn mm IPICAS, mt
khc h thng cng ngh thng tin cn c
khong cch nht nh so vi mt s NHTM
khc, c bit l cc NHTM cc nc c
nn kinh t pht trin; cha xy dng c
trung tm chm sc khch hng (call center/
contact center), dn n vic gii quyt vng
mc ca khch hng cn chm, cha p kp
thi nhng khiu ni ca khch hng. Vic
trin khai mt s d n cng ngh thng tin
cn chm (d n a knh, Internet Banking,
Contact-Center); phn mm ng dng trin
khai mt s dch v v knh phn phi hin
i ang trong qu trnh trin khai v cha
hon thin.
- i ng cn b cn thiu, trnh ca
mt b phn cn bcha p ng yu cu
pht trin, tc phong giao dch cha thc s
chuyn nghip.
- Biu ph dch v cn thiu tnh cnh
tranh, tnh linh hot cha cao nn cha thc
s thu ht c khch hng s dng dch v.
- C ch thi ua khen thng cn
mang tnh hnh thc, cha to ra ng lc
khuyn khch cc chi nhnh, phng giao dch
v c nhn pht trin dch v kiu hi.
5. GII PHP PHT TRIN DCH
V KIU HI TI AGRIBANK
Pht trin dch v . . .
Mt l, phi hp chnh quyn a phng
nm bt tnh hnh cc gia nh c ngi thn
ang sinh sng, lm vic nc ngoi pht
trin dch v kiu hi: l mt ngn hng c
mng li rng khp n tng huyn, x trong
c nc, y l mt li th v cng to ln
pht trin dch v kiu hi. Do , thu ht
mt cch hiu qu ngun kiu hi, thit ngh
Agribank cn ch o cc chi nhnh, phng
giao dch trn c nc thng xuyn phi hp
vi chnh quyn a phng, t trng tdn
ph, trng thn, bn nm r tnh hnh cc
gia nh c ngi thn ang sinh sng, lao
ng nc ngoi t tip cn gii thiu
sn phm kiu hi n vi khch hng, bn
cnh gii thiu sn phm kiu hi cn gii
thiu cc dch v ngn hng khc cho khch
hng bit; khi gii thiu nn gii thiu r u
im dch v kiu hi ca Agribank so vi cc
NHTM khc, ng thi gii thiu nhng u
i khch hng s nhn c khi khch hng
s dng dch v ca Agribank.
Hai l, gii php v qun tr iu hnh:
kin ton b my t chc nhm phn nh r
trch nhim ca b phn kiu hi, xy dng
c ch khon v dch v kiu hi cho n
v trc thuc trong ton h thng trn c s
cc n v khon cho tng c nhn ngi
lao ng; gn ch tiu k hoch vi vic chi
trlng, thng v cc danh hiu thi ua
khc; vic khon cho cc n v cn thc hin
mt cch khoa hc, khng mang tnh hnh
thc, nn tnh ton n li th v nhn, vt v
ti lc, cng nh mi trng hot ng ca
mi chi nhnh nhn khon, chi nhnh no c
li th cao th giao ch tiu cao v ngc li.
Giao cho cc chi nhnh ch ng r sot, nh
gi vph dch v, ch khuyn mi ca cc
i th cnh tranh, trn c s cc chi nhnh
t ch ban hnh biu ph dch v trong bin
109
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
cho php; iu tra nghin cu th trng,
chnh sch qun l khch hng nhm phc v
cng tc qun l, trin khai dch v kiu hi;
thng xuyn r sot b sung, chnh sa
kp thi cc vn bn khng cn ph hp trong
hot ng kiu hi.
Ba l, a dng ha v nng cao cht
lng dch v kiu hi: nhm gip ngi Vit
Nam ang nh c, sinh sng v lm vic
nc ngoi chuyn tin v qu hng cho
ngi thn c nhanh chng, thun tin, an
ton vi chi ph hp l, Agribank cn thit
lp cc knh chuyn tin mi t nc ngoi
v Vit Nam khng phi qua cc khu trung
gian gim ng k thi gian v chi ph cho
ngi gi tin, ng thi y mnh vic trin
khai cc sn phm chuyn tin kiu hi mi
c nhiu u im vt tri so vi cc ngn
hng khc, chng hn nh: chuyn tin kiu
hi online qua Internet v chuyn tin kiu hi
qua in thoi di ng, vi cc sn phm ny,
ngi gi tin bt c u, vo bt c thi
gian no cng c th chuyn tin cho ngi
thn Vit Nam;chi tra tai nha cho tng
khach hang hoc qua tai khoan va the ATM
cua chinh ngn hang va cac ngn hang khac,
chi tra tai nha ngay c vao thi gian ngoai
gi lm vic hnh chnh, cac ngay L, Tt
am bao khach hang nhn c tin trong
thi gian sm nht; bn cho dch v nhm
khai thc ti a li ch ca hai bn nh kiu
hi tin gi tit kim; kiu hi cho vay
xut khu lao ng. Bn cnh ,Agribank
phi thng xuyn nng cao cht lng dch
v kiu hi, cc giao dch phi c thc
hin nhanh chng, chnh xc, kp thi v bo
mt thng tin cho khch hng; cn c chnh
sch u i nhm h tr tt nht cho khch
hng khi s dng gi sn phm ti Agribank.
Thng xuyn t chc thm d kin khch
hng tm hiu nhu cu, nm bt c mc
hi lng ca khch hng v dch v, t
a ra phng php phc v hiu qu vchnh
sa nhng thiu st. T chc hm th gp
ti cc im giao dch, iu tra, pht phiu
thm d khch hng s dng dch v kiu hi;
khuyn khch khch hng gp bng cc hnh
thc khc nh gp trc tip vi cn b lnh
o, gi th gp vi ngn hng.
Bn l, tip tc hon thin h thng cng
ngh thng tin: mc d h thng cng ngh
thng tin ca Agribank c cc chuyn gia
nh gi l kh hin i so vi h thng ngn
hng thng mi khc, tuy nhin vn cn c
khong cch nht nh so vi mt s ngn
hng, c bit l cc NHTM cc nc tin
tin; do Agribank cn tip tc u t h
thng cng ngh thng tin ca mnh nng
cao cht lng dch v ngn hng ni chung,
dch v kiu hi ni ring. thc hin iu
ny, Aribank cn nh gi li h thng my
tnh, my ch, phn mm ng dng IPCAS
a ra phng n nng cp h thng phn
mm, mua sm mi thay th i vi nhng
phn mm, my mc lc hu. Hon thin,
nng cp v m rng h tng trung tm d
liu; xy dng kho d liu DataWarehouse
nhm p ng nhu cu khai thc, phn tch
d liu, xy dng phn mm phc v cng tc
qun l ti tng dch v v i tng khch
hng. Theo di, gim st v x l kp thi cc
s c pht sinh, m bo h thng cng ngh
thng tin vn hnh n nh, xy dng c ch
bo mt m bo an ton, hiu qu.
Nm l, xy dng chnh sch chm sc
khch hng: trn c s doanh s chuyn tin,
thi gian gn b ca khch hng vi ngn
hng... Agribank cn xy dng cc tiu ch c
th phn loi khch hng theo tng loi c
th c c s chm sc. Trn c s phn loi
110

khch hng, Agribank nn c chnh sch u
i v ph v cc u i khc cho khch hng
VIP, khch hng thng xuyn. Vo nhng
ngy L, Tt, sinh nht ca khch hng nn c
mn qu ngha dnh tng khch hng, c
nh vy s gn kt di lu gia ngn hng v
khch hng. Bn cnh , cc chi nhnh xy
dng ng dy nng gii quyt, x l kp
thi cc khiu ni, thc mc, gp ca khch
hng v dch v kiu hi.
Su l, xy dng biu ph dch v hp l,
cnh tranh: ph dch v hp l, cnh tranh so
vi cc i th cnh tranh l mt trong nhng
li th thu ht khch hng kiu hi. Do ,
Agribank cn thnh lp b phn chuyn trch
xy dng biu ph dch v ni chung, dch v
kiu hi ni ring. Biu ph hp l phi c
xy dng trn c s biu ph ca cc NHTM
khc, tnh hnh cnh tranh trn a bn, nhu
cu s dng dch v kiu hi, gi c ca gi
dch v...t a ra biu ph ph hp trong
tng thi k, tng i tng khch hng; biu
ph kiu hi nn c xy dng theo hng
m, tc l trn c s nh hng mc ph
chung, tr s chnh giao cho cc chi nhnh
ch ng p dng mc ph ph hp vi tng
i tng khch hng, kh nng cnh tranh
ca cc chi nhnh, khng nn p dng mt
mc ph i vi tt c cc chi nhnh, cng
nh tt c khch hng.
By l, y mnh hot ng makerting
dch v kiu hi: khch hng bit n dch
v kiu hi nhiu hn, Agribank cn ch
trng hn n vic tuyn truyn, qung co
gii thiu dch v ny trong v ngoi nc,
cn a dng ha knh qung co nh bo in,
bo hnh, inernet, t ri... Hnh thc qung
co cn gn gn, d hiu thm su vo lng
ngi, ph hp phong tc tp qun ca mi
vng, min; Thit k v hon thin cc cng
Pht trin dch v . . .
c qung b tip th dch v ca Agribank
theo h thng nhn din thng hiu mi
nh: tivi, tiu phm pht thanh, Maket bng
rn, qung co bo ch, poster, banner.... c
bit, Agribank l mt ngn hng c mng
li rng khp c nc, do cn tn dng
qung co dch v kiu hi thng qua i ng
cn b nhn vin ca mnh, thit ngh y
cng l mt knh qung co, gii thiu dch
v hu ch, khng tn nhiu chi ph m hiu
qu mang li cao. Pht trin cc mi quan h
vi cc c quan ngoi giao nh: i s qun,
Tng lnh s qun, y ban ngi Vit Nam
nc ngoi, Ban qun l lao ng Vit Nam
ti nc ngoi, Cc qun l lao ng ngoi
nc, cc trung tm o to xut khu lao
ng v cc cng ty xut khu lao ng
qung b sn phm kiu hi ca Agribank n
khch hng.
Tm l, tuyn dng, o to v pht trin
ngun nhn lc: tuyn dng cn b c o
c v nng lc chuyn mn lm nghip v
kiu hi, c ch tuyn dng phi cng khai,
minh bch thu ht c nhn ti; c chnh
sch i ng i ng cn b gii, to ra nhiu
li ch cho ngn hng nh tin lng, thng,
to c hi hc tp nghin cu nng cao
trnh , cho i du lch trong v ngoi nc,
u tin bt b nhim gi chc v cao hn.
Cc chi nhnh, phng dch v v cn b lnh
o ngn hng cn c o to qua cc lp
c bn v chuyn su v dch v kiu hi.
Ring i vi nhng cn b thit k v nghin
cu sn phm, cn b chnh sch khch hng
v cn b phn phi sn phm dch v ngn
hng bn l cn c o to c bn v cng
tc khch hng v thng xuyn o to li
kin thc chuyn mn, k nng giao tip v
kin thc vdch v ty theo tng v tr cng
vic. Cn b nghip v thng xuyn c
111
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
gio dc nng cao nhn thc, trnh ri ro
o c cng nh thc v hiu qu chung
ca ngn hng. nh k t chc thi st hch,
thi chuyn mn nghip v cho giao dch vin
trong thao tc dch v v giao dch vi khch
hng nhm khuyn khch v c v tinh thn
lm vic, hc tp ca cn b nhn vin. Thc
hin nh gi cn b st hch vi cht lng
cng vic m h m nhn km theo l ch
thng pht nghim minh, ch i ng
r rng, kp thi cho cn b gii, cn b c
nng lc, cn b c khch hng khen ngi.
Chn l, m rng mng li giao dch:
nhm a dch v kiu hi n gn st dn
hn, Agribank cn tip tc m rng mng
li ngn hng n cc a bn c tim nng
pht trin dch v ngn hng ni chung, dch
v kiu hi ni ring nh khu dn c c ng
ng bo c ngi thn ang nh c, ngi
lao ng ang xut khu lao ng nc
ngoi, c nh vy s to iu kin thun li
i vi khch hng giao dch. Bn cnh ,
Agribank cn nghin cu phn tch s liu, th
trng, li th, tim nng hp tc ca cc i
tc nc ngoi k kt tha thun hp tc
ton pht trin dch v kiu hi v pht trin
gi dch v ngn hng khc.
Mi l, tng cng kim tra kim sot
ni b: nhm gim thiu ri ro, gi vng uy
tn ca Agribank trong hot ng chi tr kiu
hi mt cch nhanh chng, chnh xc, an
ton; cng tc kim tra kim sot nn c
thc hin thng xuyn trn tt c cc mt
ca hot ng ca dch v kiu hi; sa cha
v rt kinh nghim nhng sai st sau kim tra;
x l nghim cc c nhn, n v c lin quan
c lm tri qui nh ca php lut, ca ngnh
lm nh hng uy tn ca Agribank i vi
khch hng, cng nh i tc ca Agribank
trong v ngoi nc.
Mi mt l, giao ch tiu k hoch, c
ch khen thng: giao ch tiu k hoch pht
trin dch v kiu hi n tng chi nhnh,
ngi lao ng; vic giao k hoch phi da
trn nghin cu iu tra kho st thc a,
tim nng pht trin dch v kiu hi trn a
bn, li th cnh tranh ca tng n v, gn
kt qu thc hin ch tiu k hoch vi lng,
thng ca tng n v, c nhn. Thc hin
khen thng ngun thu dch v kiu hi i
vi n v, c nhn hon thnh, hon thnh
vt mc k hoch ra, khen thng phi
kp thi, thng xuyn, lin tc, cng bng,
khch quan nh vy mi ng vin c cc
n v, c nhn ch trng pht trin dch v
kiu hi.
6. KT LUN
Tim nng pht trin dch v kiu hi
Vit Nam cn rt ln, nu bit khai thc tim
nng, li th sn c th tng lai khng xa
Agribank s l mt trong nhng ngn hng
pht trin dch v kiu hi ln nht Vit
Nam. Bi vit ny, tc gi trnh by khi
qut thc trng dch v kiu hi ti Agribank,
trn c s nguyn nhn hn ch, tc gi
xut mt s gii php nhm pht trin dch
v kiu hi ti Agribank trong thi gian ti.
Hy vng rng nhng gii php c
xut nu c trin khai, p dng ng b
th trong thi gian khng xa Agribank s tr
thnh ngn hng cung cp dch v kiu hi
hng u ti Vit Nam, qua gp phn gia
tng li nhun, phn tn ri ro, cng nh cng
c uy tn v gia tng v th ca Agribank trn
th trng trong v ngoi nc.
112
 Pht trin dch v . . .

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. L Th Ngc Dung (2013). Pht trin sn phm dch ngn hng ti NHTMCP Cng thng Vit
Nam Chi nhnh Tin Giang. Lun vn Thc s kinh t.
[2]. V Vn Thc(2016). Pht trin dch v thanh ton quc t ti Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin
Nng thn Vit Nam. Tp ch khoa hc i hc ng Thp.
[3]. Nguyn Vn Tin(2010). Gio trnh thanh ton quc t v ti tr thng mi. Nxb Thng k.
[4]. Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn Vit Nam. Bo co tng kt sn phm dch v
(2013-2015).
[5].https://www.vietinbank.vn/web/home/vn/research/13/nang-cao-chat-luong-dich-vu-kieu-hoi-tai-
ngan-hang-thuong-mai.html
[6]. http://thoibaonganhang.vn/kenh-hut-kieu-hoi-chu-luc-32318.html

113
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

HIU QU HOT NG CA CC NGN HNG THNG MI

C PHN VIT NAM: SO SNH GIA NGN HNG C V
KHNG C S HU NC NGOI
Nguyn Th Dim Hin*,
T Th Thanh Trc**, L Duy Khnh***
TM TT
Nghin cu c thc hin nhm so snh hiu qu hot ng ca cc NHTMCP c s hu
nc ngoi v cc NHTMCP khng c vn u t nc ngoi. Da trn vic phn tch nh tnh
cc ch tiu lin quan n mi quan h thu nhp chi phca hai nhm ngn hng v phn tch nh
lng theo cch tip cn nh gi hiu qu k thut theo phng php bao d liu (DEA). D liu
cho nghin cu c thu thp t bo co ti chnh ca 26 ngn hng TMCP Vit Nam, giai on
2008-2013. Kt qu phn tch nh tnh quan h thu nhp-chi ph cho thy khng c s khc bit r
rt gia hai nhm ngn hng, nhng kt qu phn tch nh lng hiu qu k thut th hinngn
hng c vn u t nc ngoi t hiu qu cao hn.

T kha: ngn hng thng mi c phn, hiu qu hot ng, hiu qu chi ph, DEA

THE EFFICIENCY OF VIETNAMESE JOINT - STOCK COMMERCIAL

BANKS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN BANKS WITH AND WITHOUT
FOREIGN EQUITY

ABSTRACT
The paper aims to compare the efficiency of joint-stock commercial banks that partially
owned by foreign investors with totally domestically owned banks of that type, based on the analysis
of incomes and costs of two groups and data envelopment analysis of technical efficiency. The data
is collected from the financial statements of 26 Vietnamese stock commercial banks over the period
from 2008 to 2013. The results of qualitative analysis of incomes and costs do not support the
hypothesis that partly foreign owned banks are more efficient than the banks completely owned by
Vietnamese, while the quantitative analysis of technical efficiency presents a better performance of
banks with foreign equity.

Key words: Joint-stock Commercial Bank, Performance, Costs Efficiency, DEA

*
ThS., GV Khoa TCNH, Trng H Kinh t - Lut, HQG TP.HCM
**
ThS., GV Khoa TCNH, Trng H Kinh t - Lut, HQG TP.HCM
***
ThS., GV Khoa TCNH, Trng H Kinh t - Lut, HQG TP.HCM

114

1. GII THIU
Trong khong 10 nm tr li y, h thng
Ngn hng thng mi Vit Nam c mt
s thay i ng k. Th nht, l vic cc
Ngn hng thng mi c phn mi ra i bn
cnh cc ngn hng thc hin c cu li. Th
hai, Vit Nam m rng vic hi nhp quc t
thng qua vic k kt cc Hip c quc t,
gia nhp WTO to c hi cho cc nh u
t nc ngoi tham gia vo th trng Vit
Nam. Nhiu NHTMCP thc hin bn c
phn cho cc nh u t nc ngoi vi mong
mun ngoi vic tng nng lc v vn th vi
kinh nghim hot ng lu nm trong c ch
th trng nhng nc pht trin, nh u
t nc ngoi cn c th chuyn giao cng
ngh, h tr hot ng cho cc ngn hng da
trn nhng li th h c c.Chnh v vy,
nhng nghin cu nhm xem xt liu vic
tham gia ca nh u t nc ngoi vo c
cu s hu c gip cc NHTMCP hot ng
hiu qu hn hay khng l rt cn thit c
th a ra nhng khuyn ngh thch hp trong
xu th hi nhp ngy nay.
2. I TNG, PHM VI NGHIN
CU V NGUN D LIU
Bi bo nghin cu s khc bit v hiu
qu hot ng gia cc NHTMCP c vn u
t nc ngoi v cc NHTMCP khng c vn
u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam trong giai
on 2008 -2013,thng qua phn tch nh
tnh cc ch tiu nh gi hiu qu k thut
v phn tch nh lng hiu qu k thut
ca cc NHTM. Do gii hn v mt s liu,
nghin cu s dng s liu ca 26 NHTMCP
ca Vit Nam trong giai on 2008 2013,
cc d liu ny c tp hp t bo co ti
chnh giai on 2008-2013 ca cc ngn
hng. Trong s cc NHTMCP c a vo
phn tch, ti thi im cui nm 2013, c 13
Hiu qu hot ng . . .
ngn hng c s tham gia ca nh u t nc
ngoi vo vn ch s hu(xem ph lc) vi
t l t 4,74% (STB) n 30,00% (ABBank,
ACB), cn li l cc NH c s hu hon
ton bi c ng trong nc. C 3 ngn hng
c t l s hu nc ngoi di 20% gm
SHB, STB, VCB; cn li l cc ngn hng c
vn ch s hu nc ngoi chim t trng t
20% n 30%.
3. KHI NIM HIU QU HOT
NG CA NGN HNG V CC
NGHIN CU LIN QUAN
Hiu qu hot ng ca ngn hng c
nhn t nhiu gc khc nhau v c
cp n trong nhiu ti liu bao gm hiu qu
ti chnh, hiu qu k thut, hiu qu kinh t.
Trong hiu qu k thut l vic t c
cc u ra cc i t cc u vo gii hn
hoc cc tiu ha vic s dng u vo
t mt mc u ra nht nh (Berger v De
Young, 1997)
Rt nhiu nghin cu nh gi hiu qu
k thut ca cc ngn hng khi c s tham gia
ca vn u t nc ngoi so vi cc ngn
hng ni a c tin hnh. Kt qu cc
nghin cu trc y v vn ny khng
nht qun vi nhau, mt s nghin cu cho
thy tc ng tch cc ca vn s hu nc
ngoi n hiu qu hot ng ca ngn hng,
trong khi mt s nghin cu khc cho kt qu
ngc li.
Bhattacharyya, Lovell, and Sahay (1997)
tin hnh nh gi hiu qu hot ng ca
70 ngn hng ca n trong giai on 1986
1991. Kt qu c lng bng phng php
bao d liu (DEA) cho thy cc ngn hng
nc ngoi c hiu qu hn so vi cc ngn
hng t nhn, song cc ngn hng thng mi
nh nc li c hiu qu hn c hai nhm
ngn hng kia.
115
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

Trong khi , Semih Yildirim and chng hn nh Nikiel v Opiela (2002).

Philippatos (2007) tin hnh nghin cu thc 4. PHNG PHP V KT QU
nghim h thng ngn hng ca 12 quc gia NGHIN CU
chuyn i Trung v ng u, giai on i vi cc ngn hng thng mi Vit
1993 2000. Kt qu c lng bng phng Nam, khi bn c phn cho nc ngoi, c
php phn tch bin ngu nhin (stochastic bit l cho cc nh u t chin lc (a s cc
frontier approach - SFA) v phng php tip ngn hng Vit Nam bn c phn cho nh u
cn phi phn phi (distribution-free approach- t chin lc hn l cho cc nh u t nh
DFA) cho thy cc ngn hng nc ngoi c l) u c mong mun nhn c s chuyn
hiu qu v mt chi ph hn song li km hiu giao cng ngh, qun l, kim sot ri ro cng
qu hn v mt li nhun so vi cc ngn nh gia tng nng lc ti chnh v nhiu yu
hng ni a. t khc. Nhng yu t ny v mt l thuyt c
Bonin, Hasan, and Wachtel (2005) trong th gip cc ngn hng trong nc nng cao
mt nghin cu v h thng ngn hng ca hiu qu hot ng. V vy, gi thuyt nghin
11 quc gia chuyn i chu u trong giai cu l cc ngn hng c s hu nc ngoi
on 1996 2000 tm thy bng chng v cc c hiu qu hot ng cao hn cc ngn hng
ngn hng c vn nc ngoi hiu qu hn so khng c s hu nc ngoi.
vi cc ngn hng t nhn khc, bng phng Bi bo ch nh gi hiu qu k thut
php SFA; trong khi Borovicka (2007) tin nn trong phn tch nh tnh s tp trung vo
hnh nghin cu i vi 282 ngn hng 19 nh gi, so snh cc yu t u ra l thu nhp
quc gia chuyn i cho thy cc ngn hng v cc yu t u vo c xem xt l chi ph
c yu t nc ngoi c hiu qu hn v mt gia hai nhm ngn hng. Phn tch bao d
chi ph. liu cng da trn nhng yu t u vo, u
Mt s nghin cu khc cho thy yu t ra ny.
nc ngoi gip ngn hng hot ng hiu 4.1. Phn tch nh tnh hiu qu hot
qu hn nh Hasan v Marton (2003), Jemric ng ca cc NH TMCP Vit Nam qua
v Vujcic (2002), Weill (2003). Tuy nhin cc ch tiu lin quan n mi quan h thu
nhiu nghin cu khc cho kt qu ngc li, nhp chi ph
T l Thu nhp/ Tng ti sn
Bng 1. T l thu nhp/ Tng ti sn ca cc NHTM c phn giai on 2008 2013
Nm 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NH c vn nc ngoi
Ln nht 14,15% 13,31% 9,53% 14,01% 14,67% 14,36%
Nh nht 5,88% 4,57% 3,66% 7,39% 8,90% 6,33%
Trung bnh 11,59% 7,91% 7,87% 11,72% 11,53% 8,82%
NH khng c vn nc ngoi
Ln nht 14,59% 10,91% 13,37% 17,07% 15,43% 13,66%
Nh nht 5,47% 5,47% 7,02% 8,39% 8,33% 1,81%
Trung bnh 10,82% 7,83% 8,77% 12,23% 11,81% 8,46%
Trung bnh cc NHTMCP 11,15% 7,86% 8,39% 12,01% 11,69% 8,61%
Ngun: Tng hp, tnh ton t Bo co thng nin ca cc NHTMCP

116
 Hiu qu hot ng . . .

T l thu nhp/Ti sn cho bit kh nng kh nng sinh li ca tng ti sn, ngi ta
to ra thu nhp t danh mc ti sn ca ngn thng quan tm n vic ngn hng c cu
hng. T l ny ph thuc: danh mc ti sn nh th no.
- Hot ng qun l danh mc ti sn ca Nm 2008 v 2009, NH c vn nc ngoi
ngn hng: Mi mt khon mc ti sn s c t c T l thu nhp/Ti sn cao hn cc NH
l sinh li bnh qun khc nhau. Nu tng ti khng c vn nc ngoi. Tuy nhin. trong 3
sn ca ngn hng khng i m cc nh qun nm 2010, 2011, 2012, T l thu nhp/Ti sn
l ngn hng li a chin lc tp trung vo ca cc NH c vn nc ngoi li thp hn cc
cc ti sn khng sinh li hoc c t l sinh li NH ch c vn trong nc. Nh vy, xt c giai
thp th tng thu nhp t li s thp, ko theo on, cha th kt lun c hay khng vic cc
tng thu nhp ca ngn hng khng cao. NH c vn nc ngoi qun l danh mc ti
- Li sut bnh qun ca tng loi ti sn sn tt hn cc NH ch c vn trong nc.
trong danh mc ti sn: Tng thu nhp li ca Nu xt theo c cu thu nhp gm thu
ngn hng cng c th tng ln khi danh mc nhp li v thu nhp ngoi li, thnh phn thu
ti sn khng i nh vo s tng li sut ca nhp/ tng ti sn ca cc ngn hng th hin
th trng. Trng hp ny lin quan n nh sau:
mi trng kinh doanh nn khi cp n
Bng 2. Thnh phn thu nhp/ Tng ti sn ca cc NHTM c phn giai on 2008 2013
Nm 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Thu nhp li / Tng ti sn
NHTMCP c vn nc ngoi 10,48% 6,90% 7,06% 11,05% 10,88% 8,08%
NHTMCP khng c vn nc ngoi 10,05% 6,75% 7,72% 10,91% 10,85% 7,43%
Thu nhp ngoi li / Tng ti sn
NHTMCP c vn nc ngoi 1,11% 1,01% 0,81% 0,67% 0,65% 0,74%
NHTMCP khng c vn nc ngoi 0,77% 1,07% 1,05% 0,64% 0,96% 1,03%
Ngun: Tng hp, tnh ton t Bo co thng nin ca cc NHTMCP

Xt v thnh phn trong tng thu nhp c vn nc ngoi li thp hn cc NH khng

ca cc ngn hng, ta thy tng quan gia 2 c vn nc ngoi vo cc nm 2009, 2010,
nhm ngn hng khng n nh. C th, nm 2012, 2014. iu ny dn n vn l nu
2010 t l Thu nhp li / Tng ti sn ca NH ch nhn vo xu hng th vn cha thy c
c vn nc ngoi thp hn cc NH khng c li th ca cc NH c vn nc ngoi trong
vn nc ngoi, tuy nhin khi xem xt t l vic to ra thu nhp cao v n nh hn so vi
Thu nhp ngoi li/ Tng ti sn th cc NH NH khng c vn nc ngoi.
T l Chi ph hot ng/ Thu nhp
Bng 3. T l Chi ph / Thu nhp ca cc NHTM c phn giai on 2008 2013
n v tnh: %
Nm 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NH c vn nc ngoi
Ln nht 95,87% 88,31% 88,66% 97,90% 99,19% 99,78%
Nh nht 65,88% 64,08% 66,55% 62,65% 83,54% 83,23%
Trung bnh 85,75% 76,42% 80,00% 86,06% 90,54% 91,37%

117
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

NH khng c vn nc ngoi
Ln nht 98,46% 90,82% 93,10% 95,03% 99,87% 99,66%
Nh nht 41,50% 59,99% 61,27% 77,78% 81,41% 47,58%
Trung bnh 85,21% 79,67% 82,75% 86,70% 91,56% 90,58%
Trung bnh cc NHTMCP 85,45% 78,31% 81,60% 86,42% 91,13% 90,90%
lch chun 0,2379 0,1562 0,1591 0,2240 0,1708 0,0959
Ngun: Tng hp, tnh ton t Bo co thng nin ca cc NHTMCP

T l Chi ph hot ng/ Thu nhp cho khi ngn hng c s tham gia ca dng vn
bit kh nng qun l chi ph ca ngn hng. ngoi t hiu qu tt hn v iu ny khin
T l ny cng thp th kh nng to li nhun cho cc NH trong nc xy dng chnh sch
ca ngn hng cng cao. Nm 2008, NH c dnh mt phn vn c phn bn cho i
vn nc ngoi c t l chi ph / thu nhp cao tc chin lc ngoi. Tuy nhin, tng quan
hn NH khng c vn nc ngoi. Tuy nhin, gia hai khi ngn hng lin quan n t l
trong nhng nm sau , t 2009 2012, cc ny nm 2012 li c s thay i khi cc NH
NH c vn nc ngoi t ra qun l chi vn trong nc li th hin hiu qu hn trong
ph hiu qu hn so vi cc NH ch c vn vic qun l chi ph. Kt qu c c cho thy
trong nc khi c t l chi ph/ thu nhp thp nhm ngn hng no thc s t hiu qu tt
hn. Nu xt v hiu qu hot ng nhn t hn vn cha th chc chn.
ch tiu ti chnh ny, giai on ny cho thy
Bng 4. Thnh phn chi ph / Tng ti sn ca cc NHTM c phn giai on 2008 2013
Nm 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Chi ph li / Tng ti sn
NHTMCP c vn nc ngoi 7,89% 4,21% 4,75% 7,70% 7,52% 5,19%
NHTMCP khng c vn nc ngoi 7,27% 4,40% 5,48% 7,95% 7,92% 5,15%
Chi ph ngoi li / Tng ti sn
NHTMCP c vn nc ngoi 2,05% 1,77% 1,61% 2,36% 2,97% 2,85%
NHTMCP khng c vn nc ngoi 2,01% 1,83% 1,73% 2,06% 2,87% 2,61%
D phng ri ro tn dng / Tng ti sn
NHTMCP c vn nc ngoi 0,39% 0,31% 0,27% 0,47% 0,61% 0,49%
NHTMCP khng c vn nc ngoi 0,27% 0,40% 0,33% 0,34% 0,67% 0,49%
Ngun: Tng hp, tnh ton t Bo co thng nin ca cc NHTMCP

Tng t nh t l Thu nhp/ Tng ti cao hn NH khng c vn nc ngoi. Nhng

sn v Thu nhp ngoi li/ Tng ti sn, t
l cc loi chi ph/ Tng ti sn ca 2 nhm
ngn hng cng khng cho thy cc NH c
vn nc ngoi qun l chi ph tt hn cc
NH khng c vn nc ngoi trong c giai
on. Nm 2008, c chi ph li, chi ph ngoi
li v chi ph d phng ri ro tn dng so vi
Tng ti sn ca NH c vn nc ngoi u
nm sau , vic qun l chi ph ca cc NH
c vn nc ngoi th hin kt qu tt hn
nhng cng khng n nh trong mi quan h
so snh vi cc NH ch c vn trong nc.
Phn tch chi ph v thu nhp ca hai
nhm ngn hng trn cho thy khng c s
khc bit ng k v nht qun v hiu qu
ca hai nhm. T l thu nhp/tng ti sn

118
 Hiu qu hot ng . . .

tnh trung bnh c giai on hai nhm NH quyt nh - Decision Making Unit, vit tt
tng ng nhau. Xt v c cu, NH khng l DMU). Da trn cc ngun lc nht nh
c vn nc ngoi c t l thu nhp ngoi li u vo, cc n v ra quyt nh s to ra
cao hn, trong khi t l thu nhp li ca NH cc yu t u ra. Phn tch ny da trn c
c s hu nc ngoi cao hn. Hai nhm NH s ca phng php phn tch gii hn, theo
cng t c hiu qu qun l chi ph tng cc DMU c hiu qu cao nht s to ra
ng khi c hai ch tiu T l chi ph/tng mt ng gii hn kh nng sn xut; lc
ti sn v chi ph/thu nhp khng c s khc cc DMU s c so snh vi ng hiu qu
bit ln gia hai nhm, qua thi gian v theo ny xc nh rng chng c hot ng hiu
c cu. qu hay khng. i vi cc DMU hiu qu, tc
4.2. Phn tch nh lng hiu qu k chng nm trn ng gii hn, lc im
thut - M hnh bao d liu hiu qu k thut TE ca n bng 1, ngc li
yy M hnh nghin cu cc DMU km hiu qu hn s c im TE nh
Phng php phn tch hiu qu k thut hn 1, v thp nht l bng zero (0).
technical efficiency (TE) ca ngn hng theo Trong phn tch hiu qu hot ng theo
DEA da trn phn tch cc yu t u vo phng php DEA, chng ti s dng cc
u ra ca cc ngn hng (gi l n v ra bin u vo u ra nh sau:
Bng 5: Cc bin u vo u ra
Bin u vo K hiu Bin u ra K hiu
Chi ph li v tng t in_intexpense Thu nhp li v tng t out_intincome
Chi ph dch v in_serexpense Thu nhp dch v out_serincome
Chi ph hot ng in_opcost - -

Ngun: Tc gi

C cu u vo u ra ny da trn cch b (constant return to scale DEACRS), tc

tip cn hot ng (operating approach), tc quy m ngn hng khng nh hng n hiu
nh gi hiu qu ca ngn hng da trn cch qu k thut ca n; v (ii) hiu qu thay i
thc qun l chi ph/doanh thu, theo Jemric theo quy m, hay hiu qu k thut thun ty
and Vujcic (2002). (variable returns toscale - DEAVRS), tc quy
Phn tch DEA c th c nh gi trong m ngn hng c nh hng n hiu qu k
cc trng hp: (i) hiu qu khng i theo thut ca n.
quy m, hay cn gi l hiu qu k thut ton yy Thng k m t cc bin
Bng 6. Thng k m t cc bin ca phng php bao d liu
n v tnh: t ng
Bin Gi tr ln nht Gi tr nh nht Gi tr trung bnh
in_intexpense 35.727 139 6.297
in_serexpense 1.126 1 159
in_opcost 9.910 47 1.652
out_intincome 55.775 271 9.261
out_serincome 3.314 1 524

Ngun: Tnh ton ca nhm tc gi

119
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

yy Kt qu c lng
Hnh 1. Hiu qu k thut tng nm ca giai on 2008 - 2013

Ngun: Tnh ton ca nhm tc gi

Kt qu phn tch cho thy khng phi qu hn cc ngn hng trong nc. Cn nu
lc no ngn hng c vn nc ngoi cng tnh n nh hng ca quy m n hiu qu
t hiu qu chi ph/doanh thu cao hn. Nu k thut th nm 2008 v nm 2013 cc ngn
khng xt yu t quy m th hu ht cc hng khng c vn nc ngoi hiu qu hn.
nm, cc ngn hng c vn nc ngoi hiu
Hnh 2. Hiu qu k thut trung bnh cho c giai on 2008 - 2013

Ngun: Tnh ton ca tc gi

Xt trong c giai on 2008 2013, kt trong nc k c vic xt theo quy m khng

qu tnh ton hiu qu k thut cho thy cc thay i hoc c thay i. iu ny c hiu
ngn hng thng mi c vn nc ngoi l cc ngn hng ny tn dng tt hn cc
hiu qu hn so vi khi ngn hng 100% vn yu t u vo to u ra.

120
 Hiu qu hot ng . . .

5. THO LUN V MT S yy Ban lnh o, cc c ng ln ca cc

XUT NHM CI THIN VAI TR CA
I TC NC NGOI N HIU QU
HOT NG CA NHTM VIT NAM
Kt qu phn tch nh lng bng phng
php bao d liu cho thy cc NHTMCP c
vn u t nc ngoi t hiu qu hot ng
xt trn kha cnh hiu qu k thut cao hn.
T , chng ti xut cc c quan qun l
nh nc v bn thn cc ngn hng cn nhn
n li ch lu di v cn c nhng chnh sch
v hot ng thu ht u t t cc t chc ti
chnh nc ngoi nhmgia tng hiu qu hot
ng ca cc ngn hng. Nhng khuyn ngh
c a ra l:
yy Gii hn s hu ca i vi nh u t
nc ngoi theo quy nh cn c tng ln
v cc ngn hng trong nc cn chp nhn
mt t l s hu nc ngoi cao hn. Cc c
ng kim sot ca cc ngn hng Vit Nam
c th lo ngi mt quyn lm ch khi bn phn
ln c phn cho nh u t chin lc nc
ngoi, iu ny khng ph hp vi nhu cu
pht trin an ton, lnh mnh ca h thng
ngn hng trong bi cnh hi nhp. Nu cc
ngn hng Vit Nam khng c tim lc v
ti chnh, cng ngh v qun tr th s thua cc
ngn hng nc ngoi ngay trn sn nh, iu
ny cn ti t hn vic gim quyn kim sot
hin ti.
ngn hng cn sn lng chia s quyn kim
sot ngn hng vi cc i tc chin lc
nc ngoi, cho php h tham gia su, rng
hn vo hoch nh chin lc v iu hnh
hot ng ca ngn hng. Ngn hng Vit
Nam cn c s chun b trc ni dung v
l trnh hp tc vi c ng chin lc nc
ngoi tha thun, quy nh r trong hp
ng v trin khai thc hin sau . S phi
hp trong iu hnh v qun tr ngn hng,
s ha hp vn ho, hi ha cc li ch ca
cc bn ng vai tr quan trng trong vic
t c gi tr gia tng t s tham gia ca
nh u t nc ngoi trong s hu ngn
hng Vit Nam.
yyMi ngn hng Vit Nam nn xy
dng cc tiu ch la chn ph hp vi nhu
cu v c im thc t ca mnh nh quy
m, kinh nghim hot ng quc t, xp
hng tn nhim c lp, iu kin khng
cnh tranh v ni dung cn c h tr t
c ng chin lc nc ngoi. iu quan
trng l nh u t chin lc nc ngoi
c uy tn, c nng lc ti chnh v kh
nng h tr ngn hng trong: nng cao nng
lc qun tr, iu hnh, qun l ri ro; p
dng cng ngh hin i; pht trin sn
phm, dch v ph hp vi chin lc pht
trin ca tng ngn hng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Bhattacharyya, A., Lovell, C. K., & Sahay, P. (1997). The impact of liberalization on the productive
efficiency of Indian commercial banks. European Journal of operational research, Vol. 98(2), 332-
345. Berger, A.N. and Humphrey, D.B., (1997). Efficiency of financial institutions: international
survey and directions for future research. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 98 No.
2, pp. 175-212.
[2]. Berger, A. N. and De Young, R., (1997). Problem loans and cost effciency in commercial banks.
Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol 21, pp.849-70
[3]. Berger, A., DeYoung, R., Genay, H., Udell, G., (2000). Globalisation of financial institutions: Evidence
from cross-border banking performance, BrookingsWharton Papers on Financial Service 3, 23120.
121
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

[4]. Berger, Allen N., Buch, Claudia M., DeLong, Gayle, DeYoung, Robert (2004). Exporting financial
institutions management via foreign direct investment mergers and acquisitions. Journal of
International Money and Finance 23, 333366.
[5]. Bonin, J. P., Hasan, I., & Wachtel, P. (2005). Bank performance, efficiency and ownership in
transition countries. Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 29(1), 31-53.
[6]. Borovicka, J. (2007). Banking Efficiency and Foreign Ownership in Transition: Is There an Evidence
of a Cream-Skimming Effect. CERGE-EI Working Paper.
[7]. Hasan, I., & Marton, K. (2003). Development and efficiency of the banking sector in a transitional
economy: Hungarian experience. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(12), 2249-2271.
[8]. Jemric, I., & Vujcic, B. (2002). Efficiency of banks in Croatia: A DEA approach. Comparative
Economic Studies, 44(2-3), 169-193.
[9]. Nikiel, E. M., & Opiela, T. P. (2002). Customer type and bank efficiency in Poland: Implications for
emerging market banking. Contemporary Economic Policy, 20(3), 255-271.
[10]. Semih Yildirim, H., & Philippatos, G. C. (2007). Efficiency of banks: recent evidence from the
transition economies of Europe, 19932000. European Journal of Finance, 13(2), 123-143.
[11]. Weill, L. (2003). Banking efficiency in transition economies. Economics of transition, 11(3), 569-592.

PH LC: Danh sch cc NHTMCP c vn ch s hu nc ngoi

STT Ngn hng Nh u t nc ngoi
Malayan Banking Berhad (Maybank)
1 ABBank
International Finance Corporation (World Bank)
Standard Chartered APR Limited
Connaught Investors Limited
2 ACB
Dragon Financial Holdings Limited
Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited
The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ
3 CTG Qu u t Cp vn IFC L.P
International Finance Corporation (World Bank)
4 EIB Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
5 MDB Fullerton Financial Holdings
6 Oricombank Ngn hng BNP Paribas (BNPP)
7 PNB United Overseas Bank Limited (UOB)
8 SeABank Socit Gnrale
9 SHB Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaf
ANZ
10 STB Dragon Financial Holdings
IFC
11 Techcombank Ngn hng Hng Kng - Thng Hi
12 VCB Mizuho Bank, Ltd
13 VIBank Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA)
Ngun: Tp hp t website ca cc NHTMCP
* Nm 2012, cc nh u t ln nc ngoi l ANZ,
Dragon Financial Holdings v IFC rt vn ra khi STB
122
 Nhn nh vai tr . . .

NHN NH VAI TR CA HNG DN VIN TRONG MT

TOUR DU LCH - TIP CN T GC NGHIN CU
THC NGHIM
Nguyn Hong L *
TM TT
Trong nhng nm gn y, du lch tr thnh mt trong nhng ngnh ln nht trn th
gii c v doanh thu ln tc ng ca n n nn kinh t ca cc quc gia. Trong nm 2015, ngnh
du lch chim 9,8% tng GDP ca th gii, tng ng vi 7,2 t USD, ng thi gii quyt vic
lm cho hn 284 triu lao ng trn ton cu, trong c mt lc lng khng nh l cc hng
dn vin du lch (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2016). Cc nghin cu trc y cng tng
ch ra rng cc nhn t thu ht du khch, c bit l du khch quc t bao gm s hp dn ca
im n, ti nguyn du lch, c s h tng phc v cho ngnh, quy nh v chnh sch ca nh nc
i vi ngnh, gi c cc sn phm du lch, cht lng ngun nhn lc phc v trong ngnh, v.v
i vi cht lng ngun nhn lc, cc nghin cu thng xoay quanh n lc lng lao ng (c
trc tip v gin tip) ni chung ch t c nghin cu tp trung vo mt b phn c th, c bit l
i ng hng dn vin du lch. Thng qua vic xy dng tng quan l thuyt, bi nghin cu ny
s phn no lm r vai tr ca hng dn vin cng nh mi quan h gia hot ng ca hng
dn vin vi s hi lng ca du khch trong mt tour du lch. Bn cnh , bi vit cng a ra mt
s hng nghin cu kh thi lin quan n hng dn vin trong tng lai.

T kha: ngnh du lch, hng dn vin, s hi lng ca du khch

COMMENTARY ROLE IN A TOUR GUIDE TOURIST - ACCESS TO THE

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT
In todays global economy, tourism is one of the worlds largest industries in both of revenue
and economic impacts. The economic impacts of the industry showed that, in 2015, the industry
contributed 9.8% of global GDP, equivalent to the value of over 7.2 trillion USD, and accounted
for 284 million jobs, including tour guide(World Travel and Tourism Council, 2016). The previous
research showed that there are many factors to attract foreign tourists to a destination, i.e. fascination
of destination, infrastructure development level for the industry, policies, price of tourism products,
quality of of labor force. Historically, those research is concentrated on labor force in general but
not focused on specific career like tour guide. By reviewing the existing literature, this research
aims to examine the role of tour guide as well as the relationship between tour guide and tourist
satisfaction. The paper, moreover, also implied and recommended the futther research on tour guide
in different context.

Keywords: tourism industry, tour guide, tourist satisfaction,

*
TS. GV. Khoa Kinh t, trng i hc Kinh t TP. H Ch Minh

123
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
1. NHN DIN VAI TR CA
HNG DN VIN DU LCH
Theo Hip hi hng dn vin du lch
th gii (World Federation of Tourist Guide
Associations, 2003:1), hng dn vin l
ngi hng dn du khch bng mt ngn
ng no nhm gii thch nhng di sn t
nhin v vn ha ca mt im n, ng
thi l ngi c kin thc chuyn bit c
cng nhn trong lnh vc du lch. Mt khc,
nghin cu ca Huang v cc cng s (2010)
cng ch ra rng hng dn vin l lc lng
lao ng tuyn u trong ngnh du lch,
c v nh l i s v ng vai tr quan
trng trong vic thu ht khch du lch ti mt
im n. Hot ng hng dn khng ch
gp phn rt ln vo s thnh cng ca mt
tour du lch m cn nh hng n b mt v
hnh nh ca nc ch nh.
Cc nghin cu thc nghim v hng
dn vin du lch trn th gii thng tp
trung ti c v cc nc chu khc (bao
gm Trung Quc, Hong Kong, i Loan),
chim 51% trong tng s cc nghin cu trn
Bng 1: V tr a l ca cc nghin cu lin quan n hng dn vin giai on 1979-2014 (n=191)
th gii, theo sau l M, cc nc chu u
(khng bao gm Anh) v cc nc chu M
La tinh/Nam M - c th hin qua bng
1(Weiler v cc cng s, 2014). Nhm tc
gi cng ch ra rng trong sut35 nm qua,
cc nghin cu v hng dn vin thng tp
trung vo 6 ch chnh: i) vai tr a dng
ca hng dn vin; ii) vai tr phin dch v
giao tip ca hng dn vin; iii) l thuyt,
nghin cu v thc hnh lin quan n vai
tr ca hng dn vin trong vic pht trin
ngnh bn vng; iv) s k vng v hi lng
ca du khch i vi nghip v ca hng
dn vin; v) nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca
hng dn vin thng qua vic hun luyn v
o to; v vi) tng cng cht lng trong
nghip v hng dn thng qua cc hip hi
v chng ch hnh ngh. Ngoi ra cn c mt
s cc nghin cu khc v nhng vn nh
bnh ng gii trong i ng hng dn vin
(Modlin v cc cng s, 2011); trin vng v
ngh hng dn vin (Aloudat, 2010); hay
vn v sc khe, an ton dnh cho hng
dn vin (Hough v Kerr, 2013).
Ngun: Weiler v cc cng s (2014)
124

Tnh n nm 2013, c 146 bi nghin
cu hn lm v hng dn vin v dch v
hng dn vin c ng trn cc tp ch
chuyn ngnh (journal article), bi vit hi
tho (published conference papers), sch
(book section), v cc lun vn. Bng di
y cng cho thy xu hng nghin cu v
Bng 2: Xu hng xut bn cc nghin cu v hng dn vin v dch v hng dn vin trn th gii
Lin quan n vai tr ca hng dn vin
trong ngnh du lch, lch s cng cho thy
c nhng nghin cu in hnh c thc
hin. C th, hng dn vin c xem nh
ngi hng dn, truyn ti thng tin, t chc
v dn xp hot ng du lch (Pond, 1993;
Weiler v Davis, 1993). Cc vai tr k trn
sau tip tc c pht trin tr thnh
cc tiu ch cn thit cho mt hng dn vin
chuyn nghip trong nghin cu ca Black
v Weiler (2005). Bn cnh , trong nhng
nghin cu gn y ca Yamada (2011) hay
Poudel v Nayaupane (2013), vai tr ca
hng dn vin bao gm din gii cc danh
lam thng cnh v iu chnh hnh vi ca
Nhn nh vai tr . . .
lnh vc ny qua tng thi k, v d nhn
thy s lng cc bi c ng trn tp ch
chuyn ngnh c s gia tng rt mnh, chng
ti ng hng dn vin du lch ngy cng
c s quan tm nhiu hn ca cc nh
nghin cu trn th gii.
Ngun: Weiler v cc cng s (2014)
du khch ngy cng tr nn quan trng hn
trong cc tour du lch sinh thi, khi m vic
bo tn v gn gi mi trng ang tr thnh
mt trong nhng vn nng bng ti cc
quc gia, c bit l cc nc ang v km
pht trin. Nu nhn li cc nghin cu trong
30 nm qua (t 1985 n 2014), vai tr ca
hng dn vin c chia thnh 9thuc tnh
c th hin trong bng sau, trong 4 vai
tr u tin, bao gm phin dch, chuyn ti
thng tin, hng dn, v thc y s bo tn
cc gi tr c xem l quan trng v nhn
c nhiu s quan tm nht t cc chuyn
gia nghin cu.
125
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
Bng 3: Vai tr ca hng dn vin trong cc nghin cu trc y (1985-2014)
Weiler Ballantyne Howard Huang Weiler
Vai tr ca Cohen Bras Yamada
v David v Hugh v cng s v cng v Walker
hng dn vin (1985) (2000) (2011)
(1993) (2001) (2001) s(2010) (2014)
Phin dch
Chuyn ti

thng tin
Hng dn
Thc y
s bo tn
cc gi tr
Vai tr x

hi
iu
hng, iu

chnh hnh
vi
iu chnh

vn ha
iu hnh

tour
Quan h
cng chng/
i din
cho cng ty

Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi

Nhn chung, cc nh nghin cu thng hng dn vin quc t (bao gm k nng

o lng vai tr ca hng dn vin thng
qua s nh gi t pha cc du khch. V d,
Zhang v Chow (2004) a ra 20 tiu ch v
cht lng phc v ca hng dn vin nhm
nh gi hot ng ca h Hong Kong thng
qua bng cu hi c thu thp t khch du
lch. Nhm tc gi ch ra rng c 5 yu t
quan trng ca hng dn vin nh hng
n s hi lng ca du khch bao gm s tin
cy, kh nng gii quyt vn , kin thc v
im n, s tn tm, v thng bo v cc quy
nh an ton mt cchkp thi. Mt nghin
cu khc ca Wang v cc cng s (2007) ti
i Loan cng a ra 6 tiu ch cn thit ca
trnh by, tinh thn trch nhim, s thn thin,
kh nng phin dch, chuyn mn nghip v,
v kh nng kt ni gia cc thnh vin) cng
nh 2 tiu ch thit yu ca hng dn vin
ni a (bao gm chuyn mn nghip v v k
nng lnh o nhm). Ngoi ra, sau khi phn
tch cc l thuyt i trc kt hp vi iu
tra thc nghim i vi khch du lch ni a
v quc t thng qua bng cu hi bng ting
Trung Quc v ting Anh, Huang v cc cng
s (2010) a ra 35 tiu ch khc nhau i
vi hng dn vin, trong k nng t chc
nhm, s ng cm, v kh nng gii quyt
cc vn pht sinh trong mt tour du lch

126

c t ln hng u. Theo cch tng t,
Chang (2014) trong nghin cu ca mnh ti
i Loan cng khng nh c 3 yu t cn
thit m mt hng dn vin phi c, bao gm
k nng giao tip v trnh by, thi chuyn
nghip, v ngoi hnh. Gn y nht trong
nghin cu ca mnh ti Vit Nam, t 13 tiu
ch ban u, L (2015) kt lun mt hng
dn vin cho du khch quc t cn p ng 5
tiu ch quan trng nht, bao gm ngoi hnh,
k nng chuyn mn, k nng gii quyt vn
, k nng t chc, v kh nng gii thiu
cc im vui chi gii tr.
2. MI QUAN H GIA HOT
NG CA HNG DN VIN V S
HI LNG CA DU KHCH TRONG
MT TOUR DU LCH
Cht lng dch v lun c xem l mt
trong nhng yu t quyt nh n mc hi
lng ca khch du lch (Heung v cc cng
s, 2000; Chan, 2004; Kuo v cc cng s,
2013). C th, trong nghin cu ca Heung v
cc cng s (2002) ti cc nh hng Hong
Kong i vi nhn thc ca du khch v cc
yu t dch v v nh hng ca chng n s
hi lng ca h ch ra rng thi v s tin
cy ca nhn vin l hai nhn t quan trng
gp phn vo s tha mn ca khch hng.
Ngoi ra, khi nghin cu v nh hng ca
dch v tour i vi s hi lng ca khch du
lch, Chan (2004) a ra mt m hnh vi
hai bin ph thuc, bao gm s tha mn ca
du khch vi dch v tour v vi tri nghim
tour. Kt qu ca nghin cu ny cho thy s
tha mn vi dch v tour c quyt nh
bi dch v hng dn vin, hot ng ngh
dng, v m thc; trong khi s hi lng v
tri nghim tour s ph thuc vo dch v
hng dn vin, hot ng ngh dng, v
hot ng mua sm.
Nhn nh vai tr . . .
Hu ht cc nghin cu trn th gii u
chng minh rng gia vai tr cng nh hot
ng ca hng dn vin v s hi lng ca
khch du lch lun tn ti mi quan h nhn
qu ng bin. C th, Mossberg (1995)
nhn nh rng hot ng hng dn vin
nh hng tch cc n s nhn thc v mt
tour du lch ca du khch. Cng trong nghin
cu ca mnh khi iu tra s hi lng ca du
khch quc t vi dch v c cung cp bi
cc hng dn vin ni a ti Hong Kong,
Wong (2001) ch ra rng a phn cc du
khch u cm thy tha mn vi k nng
chuyn mn, s ng cm trong mi quan h,
v kh nng giao tip ca i ng hng dn
vin. Ngoi ra, Huang v cc cng s (2010)
khi nghin cu vai tr ca hng dn vin
Trung Quc i vi s hi lng ca du khch
ni a v quc t cng khng nh rng hot
ng hng dn vin l mt trong nhng yu
t quan trng nht to s hi lng cho du
khch trong mt gi tour du lch. Mt nghin
cu khc ca Mak v cc cng s (2010) tin
hnh ti Macau th a ra kt lun rng hng
dn vin l mt trong nhng i ng nhn lc
mang tnh thit yu v sng cn ca ngnh
du lch. Gn y hn, sau khi phn tch v
tng hp cc nghin cu trc , Weiler v
Walker (2014) mt ln na khng nh vai tr
ca hng dn vin v chng minh rng k
nng giao tip ca hng dn vin s lm tng
cng s k vng ca du khch. Bn cnh ,
L (2015) cng chng t hot ng hiu qu
ca hng dn vin khng ch tc ng tch
cc n s hi lng ca du khch m cn gp
phn xy dng lng trung thnh ca du khch
i vi im n.
Hot ng cng nh vai tr ca hng
dn vin du lch ni chung c th thy rt
nhiu cc loi hnh du lch, t hng dn
127
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
tham quan bo tng, khu vui chi, mua sm
hay m thc, tuy nhin vai tr trong mt tour
du lch theo on c xem l quan trng
nht do lng du khch i du lch theo hnh
thc ny vn chim t trng cao hn c. C
th, Yu v cc cng s (2002) a ra khung
l thuyt tm hiu vai tr ca hng dn
vin trong vic giao tip v dn xp cc vn
pht sinh gia cc du khch trong mt tour
du lch. Nhm tc gi kt lun rng nng lc
ca hng dn vin nh hng ln n s hi
lng ca du khch i vi cht lng cng
nh tri nghim ca chuyn i. Mt nghin
cu khc ca Weiler v Yu (2007) ch ra rng
vi vai tr ca mt ngi ha gii cc vn
lin quan n vn ha ca du khch vi
dn bn x/a phng hay gia cc du khch
trong cng mt on, mt hng dn vin cn
phi t r nng lc ca mnh 3 phng din
(tip nhn, thu hiu, v ng u). Cng
quan im vi nghin cu ny, Weiler v
Walker (2014) cng cao hot ng hng
dn vin khi nhn mnh vai tr ha gii cc
xung t bng kinh nghim trong mt chng
trnh tour du lch.
3. KT LUN V HNG NGHIN
CU TIP THEO
Phn phn tch tng quan l thuyt trn
y phn no cho thy tm quan trng ca
hng dn vin trong ngnh du lch cng nh
nh hng ca i ng ny i vi s hi lng
ca du khch trong mt chng trnh tour. Bi
nghin cu cng cho thy tng th trng
v im n khc nhau th vai tr, c im
v hot ng ca hng dn vin cng s c
s thay i nht nh ty thuc vo trnh
ca i ng cng nh nhng c im vn ha
ring bit ca c du khch ln im n. Do vy,
vic nghin cu vai tr ca hng dn vin
tng th trng c th l rt cn thit, khng ch
nhm tm ra cc im c th ca h m cn
nhn nh nhng mt tch cc v hn ch, t
c th a ra nhng khuyn ngh nhm tng
cng hiu qu hot ng ca hng dn vin.
iu ny s gp phn nng cao vic thu ht
dng du khch quc t cc th trng thng
qua vic tha mn nhu cu ca du khch, bn
cnh xy dng lng trung thnh ca h vi
im n, to tin pht trin ngnh du lch
cc quc gia theo hng n nh v bn vng.
128
 Nhn nh vai tr . . .

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Aloudat, A. S. (2010), The World View Of Tour Guides: A Grounded Theory Study. PhD thesis,
University of Bedfordshire.
[2]. Black, R. and Weiler, B. (2005), Quality Assurance And Regulatory Mechanisms In The Tour
Guiding Industry: A Systematic Review, The Journal of Tourism Studies, 16 (1), pp. 24-37.
[3]. Chan, A. (2004), Towards An Improved Understanding Of Tour Services And CustomerSatisfaction
In Package Tours, Paper presented at the Second Asia-Pacific CHRIE (APacCHRIE) Conference
and Sixth Biennial Conference on Tourism in Asia, Phuket, Thailand.
[4]. Chang, K. C (2014), Examining The Effect Of Tour Guide Performance, Tourist Trust, Tourist
Satisfaction, And Flow Experience On Tourists Shopping Behavior, Asia Pacific Journal of
Tourism Research, 19 (2), pp. 219-47.
[5]. Heung, V. C. S., Wong, M. Y. and Qu, H. (2000), Airport-Restaurant Service Quality In Hong
Kong: An Application Of SERVQUAL, Cornell Hotel and RestaurantAdministration Quarterly,
41, pp. 86-96.
[6]. Houge M. S. and Kerr, J. H. (2013), Stress And Emotions At Work: An Adventure Tourism Guides
Experiences, Tourism Management, 36, pp. 3-14.
[7]. Huang, S., Cathy, H. C. and Chan, A. (2010), Tour Guide Performance And Tourist Satisfaction: A
Study Of The Package Tours In Shang Hai, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research,34, pp. 3-33.
[8]. Kuo, N. T., Chang, K. C., Cheng, Y. S. and Lai, C. H. (2013), How Service Quality Affects
Customer Loyalty In The Travel Agency: The Effects Of Customer Satisfaction, Service Recovery,
And Perceived Value, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18 (7), pp. 803-22.
[9]. L, N. H (2015), The Impact Of Tour Guide Performance On Foreign Tourist Satisfaction And
Destination Loyalty In Vietnam, DBA Thesis, Western Sydney University, Australia.
[10]. Mak, A. H. N., Wong, K. K. F., & Chang, R. C. Y. (2011), Critical Issues Affecting The Service
Quality AndProfessionalism Of The Tour Guides In Hong Kong And Macau, Tourism Management,
32(6), pp. 1442-52.
[11]. Modlin, E. A., Alderman, D. H. and Gentry, G. W. (2011), Tour Guides As Creators Of Empathy:
The Role Of Affective Inequality In Marginalizing The Enslaved At Plantation House Museums,
Tourist Studies, 11(1), pp. 3-19.
[12]. Mossberg, L. L. (1995), Tour Leaders And Their Importance In Charter Tours, Tourism
Management, 16, pp. 437-445.
[13]. Pond, K. L. (1993), The professional guide: Dynamics of tour guiding, New York: Van Nostrand
Reinhold.
[14]. Poudel, S. and Nayaupane, G. P. (2013), The Role Of Interpretative Tour Guiding In Sustainable
Destination Management: A Comparison Between Guided And Nonguided Tourists, Journal of
Travel Research, 52, pp.659-72
[15]. Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., Chou, S. H. and Lin, Y. S.(2007), GPTCCC: An Instrument For
Measuring GroupPackage Tour Service, Tourism Management, 28 (2), pp. 361-76.

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[16]. Weiler, B., Black, R. and Torland, M. (2014), Tour Guiding Research And Scholarship: A Review
Of 50 Years Of Research [online], In: Chien, P.Monica.CAUTHE 2014: Tourism and Hospitality
in the Contemporary World: Trends, Changes and Complexity, Brisbane: School of Tourism, The
University of Queensland, 2014, pp. 1181-85.
[17]. Weiler, B. and Davis, D. (1993), An Exploratory Investigation Into The Roles Of The Nature-
Based Tour Leader, Tourism Management, 14 (2), pp. 91-98.
[18]. Weiler, B. and Walker, K. (2014), Enhancing The Visitor Experience:Reconceptualising The
Tour Guides Communicative Role Journal of Hospitality & TourismManagement, available at
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22/5/2016)
[19]. Weiler, B. and Yu, X. (2007), Dimensions Of Cultural Mediation In Guiding Chinese Tour Groups:
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[20]. Wong, A. (2001), Satisfaction With Local Tour Guides In Hong Kong, Pacific TourismReview,
5, pp. 59-67.
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[24]. Yu, X., Weiler, B. and Ham, S. (2002), Intercultural Communication And Mediation: A Framework
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130
 Pht trin ngun . . .

Nghin cu Trao i
PHT TRIN NGUN NHN LC CHT LNG CAO
CNG AN NHN DN TRONG THI K
HI NHP QUC T
Nguyn Tt *, L Thanh c**
TM TT
Pht trin ngun nhn lc, nht l ngun nhn lc cht lng cao l ch trng chin lc
ca ng v Nh nc ta trong s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc. i vi ngnh
Cng an, ngun nhn lc cht lng cao c vai tr quan trng trong vic bo v an ninh quc gia,
gi gn trt t an ton x hi, p ng yu cu, nhim v xy dng lc lng Cng an nhn dn,
bo v T quc trong thi k hi nhp quc t.

T kha: ngun nhn lc cht lng cao, pht trin, cng an nhn dn

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH QUALITY PEOPLE IN

AN INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION PERIOD

ABSTRACT
Development of human resources, especially high-quality human resources as strategic
guidelines of the Party and State in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country.
For the Police, high quality human resources have an important role in safeguarding national
security, maintaining social order and safety, to meet the requirements, the task of building the
peoples Police force, protecting the country during international integration.

Keywords: high quality human resources, development, the peoples police

1. T VN yu cu pht trin v hi nhp kinh t quc t

Mt trong nhng t ph chin lc c
xc nh theo nhim v ra trong Ngh quyt
i hi XII (01/2016) ca ng Cng sn
Vit Nam l i mi cn bn v ton din gio
dc, o to; pht trin ngun nhn lc, nht
l ngun nhn lc cht lng cao th hin tm
nhn chin lc ca ng ta nhm p ng
ca nc ta, gn vi cng cuc trng ngi
m Ch tch H Ch Minh knh yu tng
dy: V li ch mi nm th phi trng cy,
v li ch trm nm th phi trng ngi1.
i vi mi quc gia, ngun nhn lc
chnh l yu t quyt nh i vi qu trnh
tng trng v pht trin bn vng. Trong

* TS. GV. B mn LLCT&KHXHNV, Trng T39 - B Cng An

** ThS. GV. B mn LLCT & KHXHNV, Trng T39 - B Cng An
1
Bi ni chuyn ca Bc H ti lp hc chnh tr ca cc gio vin cp I, cp II ton min Bc ngy 13-9-1958.

131
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
ngun nhn lc th ngun nhn lc cht lng
cao c vai tr quyt nh. Ngun nhn lc
cht lng cao chnh l lc lng lao ng
x hi ct li c o to, c trnh , k
nng lao ng gii, c nng lc sng to v
kh nng thch ng cao; c sc khe v phm
cht o c tt, em li nng sut, cht
lng, hiu qu v tnh cnh tranh cao trong
mt hon cnh, thi gian nht nh. Ngun
nhn lc cht lng cao l nhn t gi vai tr
then cht, quyt nh n nng lc chung ca
ngun nhn lc; chi phi kh nng thnh cng
v mc hiu qu ca cc hot ng khc;
l iu kin rt ngn khong cch tt hu,
bo m pht trin bn vng. Do vy, pht
trin ngun nhn lc phi hng vo vic xy
dng ngun nhn lc cht lng cao gn vi
cng tc pht hin, bi dng, trng dng v
tn vinh nhn ti.
Theo cch hiu mang tnh cht nh tnh
th ngun nhn lc cht lng cao l mt b
phn ca lc lng lao ng, c kh nng p
ng nhng yu cu phc tp ca cng vic, t
to ra nng sut v hiu qu cao trong cng
vic, c nhng ng gp ng k cho s tng
trng v pht trin ca cng ng cng nh
ca ton x hi1. Theo , bt k quc gia no
pht trin bao gi cng phi c cc ngun
lc cho s pht trin. Pht trin ngun nhn lc
cht lng cao Cng an nhn dn Vit Nam
cng nm trong xu hng y.
Pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao
Cng an nhn dn Vit Nam l lm cho ngun
lc ny vn ng, bin i theo chiu hng
tin b, i ln, ngy cng tng cng v s
lng, hp l v c cu v nng cao v cht
lng, p ng yu cu nhim v xy dng
Cng an nhn dn cch mng, chnh quy, tinh
nhu, tng bc hin i. V s lng cn
1
http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/Nghiencuu-Trao- doi/2014/30648/Giao-duc-dao-tao-voi-phat-trien-nguon-nhan- luc-chat-luong.
aspx; Ngy truy cp9/2/2016.
b, chin s, pht trin ngun nhn lc Cng
an nhn dn l vic m bo s lng cn
b theo nhu cu bin ch v i ng cn b,
chin s Cng an nhn dn, ng thi phi c
lc lng d b cho ngun k cn, sn sng
thay th khi cn thit. V c cu cn b, chin
s, pht trin ngun nhn lc Cng an nhn
dn l iu chnh, xy dng c cu hp l v
phn b, s dng hiu qu lc lng Cng
an nhn dn; v ngnh ngh trong lc lng
Cng an nhn dn; v tui, gii tnh v
thnh phn dn tc ca ngun nhn lc Cng
an nhn dn. V mt cht lng cn b, chin
s, pht trin ngun nhn lc Cng an nhn
dn l gia tng gi tr phm cht chnh tr, t
tng, o c, li sng, trnh chuyn mn
nghip v, sc khe, lm cho h tr thnh
nhng ngi cn b, chin s c nhng nng
lc v phm cht mi, m rng kh nng v
s la chn ca h t pht trin; ng thi,
to nn ngun vn tr tu c cht lng cao
hn, c th pht huy c hiu qu cng tc bo
v an ninh quc gia, gi gn trt t, an ton x
hi ca t nc.
Da vo kt qu nghin cu l lun v
ngun nhn lc v pht trin ngun nhn lc
ni chung, ng thi cn c vo c im v
vai tr ca ngun nhn lc Cng an nhn dn
Vit Nam, chng ti quan nim: Pht trin
ngun nhn lc cht lng cao Cng an nhn
dn Vit Nam l nng cao s lng, c cu v
cht lng ngun nhn lc Cng an nhn dn
trn cc mt: bn lnh chnh tr, t tng, o
c, li sng, trnh chuyn mn nghip v
cao, sc khe c kh nng p ng nhng
yu cu phc tp ca cng vic, c nhng
ng gp ng k v to ra nhng bin i
tin b ca ngun nhn lc Cng an nhn dn
p ng c yu cu ngy cng cao ca
132

s nghip bo v an ninh quc gia v gi gn
trt t, an ton x hi ca t nc.
Nh vy, pht trin ngun nhn lc cht
lng cao Cng an nhn dn Vit Nam l
pht trin s lng, c cu ln cht lng i
ng cn b, chin s Cng an nhn dn. Pht
trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao Cng an
nhn dn l mt i hi xut pht t yu cu
ngy cng cao ca s nghip bo v ninh quc
gia, gi gn trt t, an ton x hi, bo m
s n nh chnh tr - x hi, thc y s pht
trin nhanh v bn vng ca t nc theo
con ng x hi ch ngha.
Trong Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc
ln th XII xc nh su nhim v trng tm
y mnh ton din, ng b cng cuc
i mi, pht trin t nc nhanh, bn vng,
trong nu: Tp trung thc hin cc
gii php nng cao cht lng tng trng,
nng sut lao ng v sc cnh tranh ca nn
kinh t. Tip tc thc hin c hiu qu ba t
ph chin lc (hon thin th ch kinh t th
trng nh hng x hi ch ngha; i mi
cn bn v ton din, gio dc, o to, pht
trin ngun nhn lc, nht l ngun nhn lc
cht lng cao; xy dng h thng kt cu h
tng ng b)...1,v nhn mnh v nhim v,
gii php trong 05 nm ti, ng ta ch r:
Thc hin ng b cc c ch, chnh sch,
gii php pht trin ngun nhn lc, nht l
nhn lc cht lng cao p ng yu cu pht
trin kinh t - x hi2. L mt b phn ca
tim lc an ninh ca t nc, ng thi cng
l mt ngnh c th ca lc lng v trang
ang phi i mt vi nhng kh khn, thch
thc to ln v nhu cu ngun nhn lc p
ng yu cu pht trin trong thi k hi nhp
quc t. Mc tiu bo v an ninh quc gia, gi
gn trt t, an ton x hi ca T quc trong
1
ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2016), Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XII, Nxb. CTQG, H Ni, tr.218.
2
ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2016), Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XII, Nxb. CTQG, H Ni, tr.296.
Pht trin ngun . . .
thi k mi v ng gp c hiu qu vo qu
trnh y mnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha
t nc v hi nhp quc t.
2. THC TRNG PHT TRIN
NGUN NHN LC CHT LNG
CAO CA NGNH TRONG THI
GIAN QUA
T nhng c im nu trn, c th thy,
thc tin c th ca ngnh Cng an t ra rt
nhiu vn trong nhu cu v gii php pht
trin ngun nhn lc khi so snh vi cc n
v thng trc sn sng chin u trong lc
lng v trang. Nhn t thc tin ca ngnh
cng an, pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng
cao phi lun c t trong tng th ca
ngun nhn lc chung vi cc yu cu ng b
v: s lng, cht lng, c cu ngnh ngh
chuyn mn, trnh o to, s am hiu v
tri thc khoa hc - cng ngh, nhn thc v
trch nhim i vi nhim v bo v an ninh
quc gia, gi gn trt t an ton x hi, bn
lnh chnh tr, phm cht o c, li sng,
s tm huyt, gn b vi truyn thng ngnh
Cng an ca tng cn b, chin s. Tuy nhin,
bn cnh cc yu cu tng th v ng b ,
nht thit phi xc nh r phm vi, i tng
ca ngun nhn lc cht lng cao c
nh hng ng n v trng tm u tin v
gii php pht trin c tnh t ph. Trong giai
on hin nay v sp ti, xy dng ngun
nhn lc cht lng cao cho ngnh Cng an
Vit Nam, trc ht phi ch trng ti i ng
tinh hoa nht v tri thc khoa hc - cng ngh
lin quan ti nghip v phng chng ti phm
cc lnh vc H l nhng ngi ng vai
tr quyt nh to ra cc sn phm ch lc
ca Ngnh vi cc tiu ch cao nht v cht
lng v hiu qu trong s nghip bo v an
ninh trt t v phng chng ti phm cng
133
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
ngh cao. y cng chnh l ht nhn, nng
ct, ng vai tr dn hng, quy t to nn
sc mnh chung ca ton b ngun nhn lc
trong ngnh Cng an.
Trong thi gian qua, c s quan tm
ca ng, Nh nc v B Cng an, ngun
nhn lc Cng an nhn dn c bc pht
trin c v s lng v cht lng; s lng
chuyn gia c trnh cao, c o to c
bn trong v ngoi nc c b sung nm
sau cao hn nm trc; t l cn b, chin s
c trnh thc s, tin s cc chuyn ngnh
ang tng bc gia tng n nh. Mt s d
n o to ngun nhn lc theo cc chuyn
ngnh c th ca ngnh Cng an c
trin khai c hiu qu. iu kin, phng tin
lm vic, cc phng th nghim mi, hin i,
trang b mi cc trang thit b,... c a
vo khai thc, s dng, l c s tt cn b,
chin s t trau di, pht trin trnh chuyn
mn nghip v. Nhiu ch , chnh sch v
khoa hc - cng ngh, ph cp trch nhim,
i ng v thu nhp, nh ,... c trin
khai, thu ht cn b, chin s tr c trnh
cao tham gia; c hi c o to, nng cao
trnh , tham quan, kho st hc tp nc
ngoi, tip cn vi thng tin mi nht v khoa
hc - cng ngh tng bc c ci thin.
Tuy nhin, so vi yu cu, nhim v bo
v an ninh quc gia, gi gn trt t an ton
x hi trong thi k hi nhp quc t, cn
rt nhiu vn cn tip tc gii quyt. S
lng cn b, chin s c trnh o to trn
i hc ti nhiu n v trong ngnh Cng an
tng, nhng kinh nghim thc tin, nng lc
tip cn v lm ch cng ngh cao cn hn
ch; cn thiu cc chuyn gia gii, chuyn
gia u ngnh do ngh hu. Cc ch , chnh
sch mi tp trung nhiu gc i ng
1
http://daihoi12.dangcongsan.vn/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=28340728&cn_id=401248.
m cha ch trng y ti kha cnh quan
trng hn l trng dng. Thm ch, mt s
ch , chnh sch cn mang tnh i tr, bnh
qun ch ngha. Vic b sung mt s loi ph
cp mi vo lng ch yu hng ti s ng
lao ng, cha thc s c tc ng u tin
mnh m cho cc i tng thc s ti nng,
c ng gp quyt nh to t ph cho ngnh
Cng an. Cng tc o to c chuyn bin v
ngnh ngh v s lng, nhng vn cn c s
lch pha gia o to hn lm v o to
trong thc tin. Lnh o, ch huy nhiu n
v nghin cu tuy nhn thc r tnh cp thit
v nhu cu nhn lc cht lng cao, nhng
thiu quyt tm u t, m ch yu trng ch
vo s h tr ca Nh nc.
3. MT S GII PHP CH YU
PHT TRIN NGUN NHN LC
CHT LNG CAO CA NGNH
CNG AN TRONG THI K HI NHP
QUC T
T thc trng ngun nhn lc cht lng
cao ca ngnh Cng an cho thy s cn thit
phi c cc gii php kp thi, ng b, c
l trnh v bc i hp l. Khu quy hoch
v o to, bi dng phi lun l xut pht
im to ng lc, to mi trng cho
nhn ti c pht huy v thng hoa. y
cng chnh l iu kin c tht hc hin
thnh cng nh hng m Bo co Chnh
tr i hi XII ch ra: Xy dng v thc
hin chnh sch o to, bi dng, trng
dng, i ng, tn vinh i ng cn b khoa
hc v cng ngh, nht l chuyn gia gii,
c nhiu ng gp. To mi trng thun
li, iu kin vt cht cn b khoa hc v
cng ngh pht trin bng ti nng v hng
li ch xng ng vi gi tr lao ng sng
to ca mnh...1.
134

T thc tin v nh hng nu trn, chng
ti xin xut mt s gii php nh sau:
Mt l, cn th hin quyt tm thc hin
ch trng pht trin ngun nhn lc cht
lng cao bng vic dnh u tin ln hn v
ngun lc, c bin php a dng ha ngun
lc, kt hp nhiu ngun lc khc nhau, trong
c ngun lc gio dc - o to, ngun
lc khoa hc - cng ngh v cc ngun lc
khc. ng thi, phi bo m vic phn b,
s dng v qun l c hiu qu cc ngun lc
nu trn, bo m c trng tm, trng im,
c s t ph u tin u t cho cc chuyn
gia u ngnh, nhn ti v cc nh khoa hc
tr cng hin.
Hai l, a dng ha a ch o to i
ng cn b khoa hc - cng ngh trnh
cao cho ngnh Cng an, c trong v ngoi
nc. Tp trung u tin cho nhng ngnh,
ngh c th phng, chng ti phm c th p
dng cng ngh mi. Kt hp ng b, nhiu
phng thc o to ti cc trng Cng an
nhn dn, cc vin nghin cu v cc phng
th nghim,... nng cao cht lng o to.
Tng cng cc bin php gio dc, tuyn
truyn ti cc trng i hc v c s o to
tuyn dng sinh vin gii sau khi tt nghip
i hc vo lm vic trong ngnh Cng an.
Ba l, nghin cu b sung cc ch ,
chnh sch, h thng quy trnh o to, tiu
chun chc danh i vi i ng cn b l
ging vin, cn b nghin cu khoa hc -
cng ngh trnh cao trong ngnh Cng an;
coi trng iu kin lm vic sng to v mi
trng t rn luyn trong thc tin ca qu
trnh o to, bi dng nhn ti cho ngnh
Cng an. Cn lng ghp cc ni dung o to
vo trong nh hng b tr cng tc, phn
cng nhim v, th thch v tri nghim thc
tin, tip cn th trng khoa hc - cng ngh,
Pht trin ngun . . .
cc hot ng hp tc quc t. cc Trng
Cng an nhn dn ch trng m rng o
to, bi dng h c nhn cht lng cao:
iu tra ti phm trt t x hi; K thut hnh
s; Trinh st phng, chng ti phm s dng
cng ngh cao; Cnh st mi trng... Phn
u n nm 2020 s c mt s chng trnh
o to i hc, sau i hc bng ting Anh.
Bn l,i vi nhn ti thc s, c ng
gp v cng hin to ln, cn c ch c
cch trong b nhim chc danh, phong, thng
qun hm, nng lng vt bc; ko di thi
gian cng tc; c cp kinh ph v phng
tin nghin cu. Ch trng hn ti cc bin
php i ng c th cho nhng cn b, chin
s trc tip nghin cu, th nghim, tip nhn
chuyn giao cng ngh, cng c, phng tin
mi, i hi iu kin lm vic c hi, nguy
him... Hon thin cc quy nh v tin lng,
ch bo him, chm sc sc khe, o to,
nh ,... h yn tm cng tc lu di trong
ngnh Cng an.
Nm l, trng dng nhn ti v cc
chuyn gia u ngnh, cn nghin cu p
dng cc c ch, chnh sch u i c th
i vi ngi ch tr hoc tham gia thc hin
cc ti khoa hc, n sn phm quc gia
phc v bo v an ninh trt t. i vi nhng
nhn ti ny, cn mnh dn th im v thc
hin phng thc khon chi ti sn phm cui
cng; tng bc nh hnh r hn thm quyn
chuyn mn, trch nhim, quyn li vt cht,
tinh thn ca cc nh khoa hc v cc chuyn
gia u ngnh trong Cng an.
4. KT LUN
Trong xu th ton cu ha, hi nhp, cnh
tranh v hng ti nn kinh t tri thc, cc
quc gia u ch trng u t o to pht
trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao. Vi
ngnh Cng an nhn dn Vit Nam, khng
135
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

tt hu xa so vi trnh chung ca cc nc l xut pht im to ng lc, to mi

tin tin trong khu vc v trn th gii, chng trng cho nhn ti c pht huy v thng
ta cn thit phi c cc gii php kp thi, hoa. y cng chnh l iu kin c tht
ng b, c l trnh v bc i hp l. Khu hc hin thnh cng nh hng m Bo co
quy hoch v o to, bi dng phi lun Chnh tr i hi XII ch ra.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. B Cng an (2011), Cng tc xy dng lc lng Cng an nhn dn - Nhng vn l lun v thc
tin. Nxb. Cng an nhn dn, H Ni.
[2]. B Cng an (2011), n xy dng, nng cao cht lng i ng gio vin v cn b qun l gio
dc cc Trng Cng an nhn dn n nm 2020, H Ni.
[3]. B Cng an (2012), Quy hoch pht trin nhn lc ngnh Cng an giai on 2011-2020, H Ni.
[4]. ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2011), Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th XI, Nxb.Chnh tr
quc gia S tht, H Ni.
[5]. ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2015), D tho Bo co Chnh tr ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng
(kha XI) trnh i hi XII, H Ni.
[5]. TS. V c Khin, TS. Nguyn Tt (2014): Pht trin ngun nhn lc Cng an nhn dn trong qu
trnh hi nhp quc t Vit Nam, Nxb. Cng an nhn dn, H Ni.
[6]. Nhiu tc gi (2011), Hi nhp kinh t quc t - nhng vn t ra i vi cng tc cng an, Nxb.
Cng an nhn dn, H Ni.
[7].http://daihoi12.dangcongsan.vn/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=28340728&cn_
id=401248.
[8]. http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/Nghiencuu-Trao- doi/2014/30648/Giao-duc-dao-tao-voi-
phat-trien-nguon-nhan-luc-chat- luong.aspx;

136
 o to, thu ht . . .

O TO, THU HT NGUN NHN LC PHC V PHT TRIN

CNG NGHIP BNH DNG GIAI ON 1997 - 2015
Minh T*, Nguyn Th Kiu Oanh**

TM TT
Trong giai on hin nay, mt trong nhng ngun lc quan trng cho pht trin ca mi a
phng ni ring, mi quc gia ni chung chnh l ngun nhn lc. Do , vic o to, thu ht
ngun nhn lc l mt vn quan trng trong qu trnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha ca mi a
phng cng nh mi quc gia. Nhn thc c iu ny nn trong nhng nm 1997 2015, ng
b, chnh quyn tnh Bnh Dng c nhiu ch trng, chnh sch o to thu ht ngun nhn
lc phc v cho qu trnh pht trin cng nghip, gp phn quan trng vo s pht trin mnh m
ca cng nghip Bnh Dng trong nhng nm qua.

T kha: o to, thu ht, ngun nhn lc, pht trin cng nghip, Bnh Dng

TRAINING AND HUMAN RESOURCE ATTRACTION FOR INDUSTRIAL

DEVELOPMENT STAGE IN BINH DUONG 1997 2015

ABSTRACT
In the current period, one of the most important resources for the development of each locality
in particular, a country that is generally human resources. Therefore, the training and attracting
human resources is an important issue in the process of industrialization and modernization of
every local and every country. Aware of this, in the years 1997 - 2015, the Party Committee, the
Binh Duong provincial government has made guidelines, policies and attract human resources to
serve the industrial development process, contributing to importance to the development of the
industry strong Binh Duong province in recent years.

Keywords: training, attracting, human resources, industrial development, Binh Duong

1. M U nhng u th thu ht u t. Tuy nhin, li

tin hnh CNH, HH ni chung, pht
trin cng nghip ni ring, ngun nhn lc
ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng, v vy,
ngay t nhng nm u ca tin trnh CNH,
tnh Sng B (c) coi lao ng l mt trong
th dn dn mt i do s pht trin vt bc
ca cng nghip. Sm nhn thc c iu
ny nn ngay t khi mi ti lp tnh (1997),
Bnh Dng quan tm n vn pht
trin, thu ht ngun nhn lc phc v pht

* ThS. Khoa L lun chnh tr, Trng i hc Kinh t Tp.HCM. NCS. Trng i hc KHXH v NV, i hc Quc Tp. H Ch Minh.
Email: dominhtu@ueh.edu.vn
** GV. Trng i hc Quc t Min ng, HVCH. Trng i hc Th Du Mt.

137
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut
trin kinh t - x hi cng nh cng nghip
vi nhng ch trng, chnh sch, bin php
c th v lun coi l nhn t then cht cho
s pht trin ca tnh.
2. PHT TRIN H THNG GIO
DC, O TO NGUN NHN LC
BNH DNG
nhanh chng c ngun nhn lc phc
v cho s nghip CNH, HH cng nh pht
trin cng nghip trong iu kin mt tnh
mi c ti lp, Bnh Dng a ra ch
trng tri chiu hoa n nhn ti, Huy
ng rng ri cc ngun lc y mnh cc
hot ng o to nhn lc c trnh qun
l, c tay ngh k thut, to s chuyn dch c
cu lao ng trong tnh p ng yu cu ca
s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho...C
chnh sch thu ht v pht huy vai tr ca i
ng cn b khoa hc - k thut trn a bn
tnh [4, tr.7].
Thc hin ch trng trn, Bnh Dng
c nhng chnh sch khuyn khch pht
trin ngun nhn lc phc v cng nghip
nh: Tip tc u t hon thnh cng trnh
trng o to cn b, trung tm dy ngh
tnh; khuyn khch m rng cc c s dy
ngh t nhn, cc trng dn lp; t chc cc
lp hc ngh ti x nghip; ku gi cc doanh
nghip trong v ngoi nc h tr xy dng
cc trung tm o to k thut ph hp vi
nhu cu pht trin ca tnh.
Trong nm 1997, UBND tnh Bnh
Dng k Quyt nh cho tin hnh xy
dng Trung tm o to K thut Vit Nam
Singapore (nay l Trng Cao ng ngh Vit
Nam Singapore), ng thi ch o cc ban,
ngnh lin quan t chc cng c, nng cao cht
lng o to ca cc Trung tm xc tin v
gii quyt vic lm, Trung tm gio dc tng
hp, hng nghip cc huyn, th. n ht
nm 1997, ton tnh Bnh Dng c 04 trng
Trung hc chuyn nghip, 01 trng Cao ng
v 05 trng o to cng nhn k thut, vi
6.487 hc vin. S hc sinh tt nghip trong
nm l 4.082 ngi, chim 5% s lao ng
ang lm vic trong ngnh cng nghip.
Vi nhng chnh sch thng thong, n
ht nm 2000, ton tnh c 05 trng Trung
hc chuyn nghip vi 2.432 hc sinh, 03
trng Cao ng v i hc vi 3.355 sinh
vin, 06 trng cng nhn k thut vi 1.993
hc sinh. S hc sinh tt nghip cc trng
i hc, Cao ng, Trung hc chuyn nghip,
cng nhn k thut trong nm 2000 l 5.011
hc sinh, chim gn 4% lao ng ang lm
vic trong ngnh cng nghip.
T nm 2001 vi ch trng M rng
o to ngh ph hp vi th trng lao ng
[5, tr.8], Bnh Dng tin hnh: Lin kt
vi cc trng i hc o to ngun nhn
lc; trin khai quy hoch mng li dy ngh
ca tnh thi k 2001 2010 v tin hnh
i mi ni dung, phng php v quy trnh
o to bc gio dc chuyn nghip; Khuyn
khch pht trin a dng cc hnh thc dy
ngh, xy dng c ch h tr ph hp i vi
cc trung tm o to ngh dn lp hoc bn
cng; Xy dng c ch trch nhim gia nh
ncdoanh nghipngi lao ng v kinh
ph dy v hc ngh; M rng qui m v nng
cp cc trng Trung hc chuyn nghip,
trng dy ngh, pht trin nhanh cc loi
hnh dy ngh v cng nhn k thut, tng t
trng loi hnh ny trong chng trnh o to
ngun nhn lc ca tnh. thu ht hc sinh
tham gia hc ngh, UBND tnh Bnh Dng
ch o S Gio dc v o to, hng nm
phn lung khong 30% hc sinh tt nghip
trung hc c s vo hc cc trng trung hc
chuyn nghip v dy ngh.
138

Trong nm 2007, Chnh ph chp thun
cho tnh Bnh Dng thnh lp Trng i
hc Th Du Mt trn c s nng cp Trng
Cao ng S phm. B Gio dc v o to
cng chp thun cho Bnh Dng thnh lp
Trng Trung cp Kinh t - K thut ng
Nam. Ngoi ra, UBND tnh Bnh Dng cn
ngh B Lao ng Thng binh v X
hi cho thnh lp Trng Cao ng Dy ngh
ng An. Ngoi ra, Bnh Dng cn xc tin
nhiu d n u t xy dng cc trng ph
thng, i hcc qui m ln, thu ht vn
u t trong v ngoi nc.
Nh chnh sch pht trin ngun nhn lc
hp l, nn h thng cc trng trung hc
chuyn nghip, dy ngh, cao ng, i hc
Bnh Dng ngy cng pht trin c v s
lng, quy m v cht lng. Tnh n nm
2015, trn a bn tnh Bnh Dng c 05
trng i hc, 05 trng Cao ng, 02 c s
trng i hc, 09 trng Trung hc chuyn
nghip v hng chc c s dy ngh, o to
cng nhn k thut vi s lng gn 40 ngn
hc sinh, sinh vin. Tnh ring cc trng i
hc, Cao ng v Trung hc chuyn nghip s
hc sinh, sinh vin tt nghip hng nm ln
ti hng ngn sinh vin, gp phn nng cao
t l lao ng qua o to Bnh Dng
Xt v c cu lao ng qua o to,
mc d cha t ti c cu ti u 1 4 10
(tc 1 lao ng c trnh i hc, cao ng,
4 lao ng c trnh trung cp, 10 lao ng
c trnh cng nhn k thut) nhng vi c
cu 1 1,05 2,51 th t l ny hp l hn cc
a phng khc ng Nam B. Trong khi
t l lao ng c trnh cng nhn k thut
ca Bnh Dng l 2,51 th t l lao ng c
trnh cng nhn k thut ng Nai ch
mc 1,7, B Ra-Vng Tu l 1,73 v
Thnh ph H Ch Minh l 1,04. Nh vy,
o to, thu ht . . .
t c c cu ti u th Bnh Dng cn
phi c nhng chnh sch, bin php hu
hiu hn na nhng t l trn cng chng
minh tnh ng n, hiu qu ca nhng
ch trng, chnh sch pht trin, thu ht
ngun nhn lc ca Tnh trong nhng nm
va qua.
3. THU HT NGUN NHN LC
PHC V PHT TRIN CNG NGHIP
BNH DNG
Nhn thc c vai tr quan trng ca
ngun nhn lc, c bit l ngun nhn lc c
trnh cao i vi s pht trin kinh t x
hi cng nh cng nghip, tnh Bnh Dng
ban hnh chnh sch thu ht ngun nhn
lc vi khu hiu tri chiu hoa n nhn
ti. l bc i ph hp, va nhanh chng
p ng c ngun nhn lc cho pht trin,
va gim bt chi ph o to, ng thi cng
c nc gii quyt bi ton vic lm.
lm cu ni gia ngi lao ng v
doanh nghip, t nm 2002, Bnh Dng lin
tc t chc Ngy hi vic lm tnh theo
nh k 1 ln/nm. Tnh n nm 2005, vi
4 ln t chc, Ngy hi vic lm thu ht
khong 60 ngn lao ng tham gia, trong
c 5.417 lao ng c tuyn dng ti ch,
256 h s ng k hc ngh c tip nhn.
Ngoi vic o to v tm kim ngun
nhn lc ti ch, Bnh Dng cn ch ng
tm kim ngun nhn lc cc tnh bn. Nm
2005, Bnh Dng k hp ng vi 09 tnh
v chng trnh o to v cung ng ngun
lao ng cho cc doanh nghip trn a bn
tnh Bnh Dng. Chng trnh ny c
Bnh Dng tip tc thc hin trong nhng
nm tip theo, nh vy m Bnh Dng vn
c ngun lao ng p ng cho sn xut cng
nghip trong khi cc tnh khc nh ng Nai,
Tp. HCM thiu ht trm trng.
139
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut

Song song vi vic t chc ngy hi
vic lm, Bnh Dng cn cho thnh lp cc
Trung tm gii thiu vic lm thc hin
vai tr cu ni gia ngi lao ng cn vic
v doanh nghip cn lao ng, gp phn
cung ng ngun nhn lc cho pht trin cng
nghip. Trong , Trung tm dch v vic lm
KCN (c thnh lp nm 2000) t khi thnh
lp n nay (2015), c nhiu hot ng tch
cc trong vic tm kim ngun lao ng, gii
thiu vic lm cho ngi lao ng nh: K
kt tha thun lin kt cung ng lao ng vi
2 huyn Ph Gio v Du Ting; Tham gia
hi ch vic lm tnh Bnh Dng, Cn Th,
Tr Vinh; t chc sn giao dch vic lm
hng thng (t thng 8/2004). Tnh n thng
5 nm 2015, Trung tm t chc 118 phin
giao dch vic lm, mi phin c hng trm
doanh nghip tham gia, gii thiu, t vn
vic lm cho hng ngn lao ng. Ngoi ra,
Trung tm cn c sn giao dch vic lm trc
tuyn vi hng trm ngi truy cp.
4. KT LUN
Nh nhn thc ng n vai tr ca ngun
nhn lc i vi s pht trin kinh t cng
nh cng nghip nn Bnh Dng sm c
nhng ch trng ng n nhm o to, thu
ht pht trin ngun nhn lc phc v cho s
nghip CNH, HDH cng nh pht trin cng
nghip ca tnh. Trn c s , vi nhiu bin
php ch ng linh hot, trong giai on 1997
2010, Bnh Dng lun thu ht, o to,
cung ng mt lng ln lao ng phc v cho
cng nghip. Nh vy m vn thiu ht
ngun nhn lc a phng ny mc d c
lc din ra nhng khng trm trng nh cc
a phng ln cn, cng l mt nhn t
thc y s pht trin mnh ca cng nghip
Bnh Dng trong nhng nm qua.
Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng kt qu kh
quan trn, vn thiu ht ngun nhn lc
ni chung, ngun nhn lc cht lng cao
ni ring vn ang l vn t ra ngy cng
gay gt i vi Bnh Dng, c cu lao ng
qua o to mc d c kh hn cc a
phng khc nhng vn cha tim cn vi
c cu ti u 1 4 10. Do , trong giai
on tip theo, ngoi vic chuyn dch c cu
ngnh cng nghip, Bnh Dng cn phi c
nhng chnh sch hu hiu hn na o
to, thu ht ngun nhn lc cho pht trin
cng nghip./.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Ban Kinh t Tnh u Sng B (1992), Sng B - Tim nng kinh t - Nhng trin vng u t v du
lch, Ban Kinh t Tnh y, Sng B.
[2]. BQL cc KCN Bnh Dng, Bo co tng kt hot ng cc KCN v phng hng, nhim v cc
nm t 1997 2011.
[3]. Cc Thng k Bnh Dng, Nin gim thng k cc nm t 1997 n 2011.
[4]. Tnh u Bnh Dng (1997), Ngh quyt v phng hng nhim v nm 1997, S 05/NQ- TU
[5]. Tnh u Bnh Dng (2003), Ngh quyt v nh gi tnh hnh nm 2002; phng hng nhim v
nm 2003, S: 58-NQ/TU.
[6]. UBND tnh Bnh Dng, Bo co tnh hnh kinh t - x hi, an ninh - quc phng v phng hng
nhim v cc nm t 1997 n 2011

140

Thng tin
HC TP V LM THEO TM GNG O C
H CH MINH
Thng*
Thc hin k hoch ca ng y Khi c
quan chnh quyn tnh Bnh Dng v Tng
kt 5 nm thc hin Ch th 03-CT/TW ca B
Chnh tr (kha XI) v tip tc y mnh vic
hc tp v lm theo tm gng o c H Ch
Minh. ng b trng i hc Kinh t - K
thut Bnh Dng trin khai qun trit, ch
o, t chc thc hin nhm y mnh phong
tro hc tp v lm theo tm gng o c
H Ch Minh mt cch su rng v thit thc
hn trong ton trng. Ngy 19/5/2016, ng
b t chc l tng kt 5 nm nm thc hin
Ch th 03. Ti Hi ngh tng kt, c nhiu
tham lun c trnh by kh phong ph.
Trn trng trch ng tham lun ca chi b
2 v hc tp v lm theo c tnh Cn, Kim,
Lim, Chnh, Ch cng, V t ca H Ch Minh.
Cn b ng vin chi b 2 nhn thc c
rng: Cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng, v t
l nhng c tnh cn thit i vi tt c mi
ngi.
Theo Bc: Trong o c th vic nu
gng l v cng cn thit v, mt tm gng
sng cn gi tr hn mt trm bi din vn
tuyn truyn.1
V vy, Bc rt quan tm n vic rn
luyn t cch o c, tc phong cho cn b,
ng vin v nhn dn ta, t li ni n vic
*
Tham lun ti Hi ngh Tng kt 5 nm thc hin Ch th 03-CT/TW ngy 14/5/2011 ca B Chnh tr, Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng
Cng sn Vit Nam kha XI
1
H Ch Minh, ton tp. Nxb. Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni 2000, t1, tr. 263
2
Chuyn k ca nhng ngi gip vic Bc H. Nxb. Thng tn, H Ni 2003, tr. 115
Hc tp v . . .
lm. Bn thn Bc l mt tm gng sng
ngi v lng yu nc, thng dn v cn,
kim, lim chnh, ch cng v t chng ta
hc tp noi theo.
Sinh thi, Bc sng rt gin d, t li ni
n vic lm, phong cch lm vic, t cch n
mc cho n nhng sinh hot thng ngy,
ngay c khi Ngi l Ch tch nc. Tc
phong gin d y mang li mt s gn gi,
mt n tng kh quyn vi nhng ai ch
mt ln trong i gp Bc. Bc n mc rt
gin v tit kim. Qun o Bc mc ch c
vi b may cng kiu. C chic o ca Bc
rch, v i v li, thay c m Bc vn khng
cho i chic o khc. C ln Bc ni vi mt
ng ch lnh o cp cao ca ng mt cch
chn tnh: Ny ch! Ch tch ng, Ch tch
Nc mc o v vai th ny l ci phc ca
dn y. ng b ci o i.2 i dp cao
su ca Bc, b qun o kaki sn vai Bc vn
dng hng ngy, khi bit cc ng ch phc
v nh thay, Bc khng ng . Nhng trang
bn tho c Bc vit mt sau nhng t
tin tham kho ca Vit Nam Thng Tn X.
Chic t Bc i cng tc hay i thm ng
bo v chin s trong c nc cng ch l loi
xe bnh thng. Bc khng dng chic iu
ho nhit do cc ng ch cn b ngoi
141
giao ang cng tc nc ngoi biu, m
ngh chuyn chic iu ho y cho cc ng
ch thng, bnh binh ang iu dng ti tri
iu dng hoc qun y vin, mc d lc
Bc ang trong ngi nh ca ngi th in
rt nng. Nhng ba n thanh m ca Ngi
thng l da c, i khi c tht. Nhng ln
i thm cc a phng, Bc thng khng
bo trc v mang theo cm nm trnh s
n rc linh nh, gy phin h v tn km
tin ca ca nhn dn Qu tht Bc i, tim
Bc mnh mng th!
Ni v tm gng cn, kim, lim chnh,
ch cng v t ca Bc, Chi b 2, qua cc
ln kim im tng kt chi b nm, cc ng
vin t nh gi u im v nhc im, trung thnh ca nhn dn, i t trong sng,
ra chng trnh hnh ng c nhn. Nng cao
tr tu trc ht nm vng v vn dng ng
n ch ngha Mc - Lnin, t tng H Ch
Minh; vn dng nhng thnh tu cng ngh
thng tin vo ging dy mt cch hiu qu.
Tiu biu l cc Thy c phn u trong
lao ng tr tu nh nhng con ong cn mn
ht mt em li v ngt cho i, to ra nhng
bi ging hay, hiu qu t Gio vin dy gii
cp trng nh Nguyn Lm Hu Phc, L
Vn Xin, L Th Hng v Gio vin dy gii
cp tnh gii thng V Minh c nh:
Nguyn Kiu Oanh, L Minh Hiu,Nguyn
Mai Linh.
Vn ng cn b, nhn vin quyn gp
nhiu sch v, qun o c, quyn gp tin
22.126.000 lm t thin thm hi, tng qu
cho cho tr em ngho, khuyt tt ti Trung
tm bo tr x hi Chnh ph Ha, Th x
Bn ct, Bnh Dng vTrung tm mi m
tnh m 2 ti x Hng nh, Thun An,
Bnh Dng.
Trong 5 nm qua, 17 ng vin chi b 2 d
cng v no u rn luyn phm cht o
c theo gng Bc c mt i t trong
sng, mt li sng gin d v khim tn, tch
cc hc tp tin b. T trnh trung cp
chuyn nghip 3 ng vin hc lin thng
ln i hc, 5 ng vin hc xong thc s.
Tm li, vic hc tp v lm theo tm
gng o c H Ch Minh theo chuyn
Sut i phn u Cn, Kim, Lim chnh,
Ch cng v t, lm ngi cng bc tn ty,
cuc sng ring gin d. Phi hng vo vic
nng cao vai tr t gic ca mi cn b, ng
vin. V vy, cn ng vin, khuyn khch,
cn b, ng vin, cng chc, vin chc t
gic ra ch tiu phn u thit thc. Trong
t hc tp chuyn ln ny, mi cn b,
ng vin, cng chc, vin chc nht l cc
cn b lnh o cn xy dng k hoch c
nhn hc tp v lm theo Bc vi nhng vic
lm c th, nh k bo co trc chi b.
Trong Hi ngh Tng kt ny, khi ni v
o c H Ch Minh, ti mun nhc li mt
ln na rng:
Cn nhng ai cha c mt ln
Trong i gp Bc hy nhanh chn
Tin ln pha trc, trn cao y
Bc vn a tay n li gn.
(T Hu)
 TH L GI BI CHO
TP CH KINH T - K THUT

1. Bi gi ng trn tp ch Kinh t - K thut l bi vit bng ting Vit, cha gi ng

mt n phm thng tin no khc.
2. Bi vit cn nu ln c kt qu nghin cu ca tc gi v phi theo cu trc ca mt
bi bo khoa hc, vi m u, ni dung v kt lun.
3. u bi vit c phn tm tt, t kha bng ting Vit v ting Anh khng qu 10 dng.
4. Ti liu tham kho ghi theo trnh t: tn tc gi, nm xut bn, tn sch hoc tp ch (in
nghing), nh xut bn, ni xut bn (tp, s, nm xut bn i vi tp ch). Tt c u
vit bng ting ca nc xut bn n phm, khng phin m, chuyn ng hoc dch.
Ti liu tham kho cui bi.
5. Bi vit di khng qu 10 trang, nn nh my bng vi tnh trn kh giy A.4, s dng
Font ch Unicode, (Time New Roman), size ch 12; l trn 2,5 cm, l di 2,0 cm, l
tri 3,0 cm, l phi 2,0 cm. Cc cng thc ton hc dng MS Equation, hnh v dng
Word Picture. Bi vit v ton hc, vt l hc c th dng h son tho vn bn PCTEX.
6. Tiu bi bo cn ngn gn. Nu bi cn chia thnh cc mc, tiu mc th nh s th
t: 1,2; 1.1, 1.2 tn mc, tiu mc cng cn ngn gn v khng c du chm cu.
7. Cc ch thch cui trang, nh theo s th t ph hp vi trch dn tng trang v
ton b bi.
8. Tc gi gi cho Hi ng Bin tp 01 bn in km theo file bi vit qua a ch: Ta son
Tp ch Kinh t - K thut, Trng i hc Kinh t - K thut Bnh Dng, s nh
530, i l Bnh Dng, Phng Hip thnh, thnh ph Th Du Mt. a ch E.Mail:
ktktbd@gmail.com Hoc thanhng1992@yahoo.com.vn
9. cui bi, tc gi cn gii thiu mt vi nt v bn thn: H, tn, chc danh, ni ang
cng tc, a ch lin lc, s in thoi, e.mail.
10. Tt c cc bi bo gi cho tp ch d c ng hay khng u c lu li m khng
gi tr cho tc gi.

Ta son
Tp ch KINH T - K THUT