Cch phn loi cht thi sinh hot:

Phn
loi
Khi nim Ngun gc V d Cch x l
rc
thi

- Phn b i
ca thc phm
sau khi ly i - Cc loi
phn ch bin rau, c qu
c thc n b h,
cho con ngi. thi
- Phn thc - Cm/ canh/
Rc hu c l loi rc phm tha thc n cn
d phn hy v c hoc h hng tha hoc b Thu gom ring vo
RC
th a vo ti ch khng th s thiu. Cc vt dng cha rc
HU
a vo s dng cho dng cho con loi b ch, tn dng lm phn
C
vic chm bn v lm ngi. b cafe compost.
thc n cho ng vt.
- Cc loi hoa, - C cy b
l cy, c xn/ cht b,
khng c hoa rng.
con ngi s mica trung
dng s tr quc
thnh rc thi
trong mi
trng.

- Cc loi vt
liu xy dng - Gch/ ,
khng th s snh/ s Thu gom vo dng
Rc v c l nhng
dng hoc v hoc c cha rc v a
loi rc khng th s
qua s dng khng cn n im tp kt
RC dng c na cng
xe chuyn dng n
V khng th ti ch c v c b i. gi tr s
dng. vn chuyn, a i
C m ch c th x l - Cc loi bao
x l ti cc khu x
bng cch mang ra cc b bc bn - Ly/ cc/
l rc thi tp trung
khu chn lp rc thi ngoi hp/ bnh thy
theo quy nh.
chai thc tinh v
phm.
 - Cc loi ti - Cc loi v
nilong c s/ c, v
b i sau khi trng
con ngi - da,
dng ng cao su, ng
thc phm h hng,
- Mt s loi bng a
vt dng/ thit nhc, radio
b trong i khng th s
sng hng dng.
ngy ca con
ngi.

- Thng
carton, sch
bo c.
- Hp giy, b
th, bu
thip qua
Rc v c l loi rc - Cc loi giy
s dng
kh phn hy nhng thi Cn c tch ring,
RC - Cc loi v
c th a vo ti ch - Cc loi hp/ ng trong ti ny-lon
TI lon nc
s dng nhm mc chai/ v lon hoc ti vi bn
CH ngt/ lon bia/
ch phc v cho con thc phm b li cho c s ti ch
v hp tr.
ngi. i
- Cc loi
gh nha,
thau/ chu
nha, qun
o v vi
c

Cn ti Nht Bn li c phn chia ti 4 loi rc chnh: rc chy c, rc khng chy

c, rc ngoi c v loi cui cng bao gm cc chai l thy tinh, v lon.

C th, rc c th t chy bao gm cc loi rc nh bp nh rau, c, tht c...; rc giy

nh giy v sinh, t giy, giy gi thc phm hay l ng bng nha vinyl, l ng x
phng... Ngoi ra, g, cao su, da v cc sn phm qun o c cng c coi l rc chy
c.
Rc khng chy c: l nhng vt dng bng nha di: nh ng nha, dy nha,
bng ct-set hoc bng video hay cc chai l bng nha, vt dng bng s, kim loi, thy
tinh v, nha PVC...

Rc ngoi c - c cho l cc vt dng nh chn cc chn, k sch, sofa, my ht bi,

xe p. Bn cnh , nhng mn chi c kch c ln hn 50cm cng c coi l rc
ngoi c.

Chai l, v lon: gm nhng loi v nhm, thic, chai l thy tinh.

Mt s loi rc nh pin, nhit k s c xp vo loi rc c hi v phi tun theo quy

nh ring.

V nhng quy nh bt buc "ai cng phi tun theo"

Tuy nhin, nu tt c ch c nh vy th y khng cn l mt trong nhng quy trnh phn

loi rc phc tp bc nht th gii na. Ngi Nht s cn phi tun theo mt s quy nh
nghim ngt khc trong qu trnh x l rc.

u tin, i vi rc chy c, ngi dn bt buc phi b vo trong ti v buc li. Cc

loi rc nh bp u phi vt sch nc, bc giy bo ri mi c php cho vo ti rc.

G vn, cnh cy trong vn phi c ct ngn vi kch c nh hn 50cm. Ngoi ra, cc

loi giy vn b i th ch cn buc li, khng cho vo ti nhng khng c php vt vo
ngy tri ma.

Tip theo l rc khng chy c. Cc loi rc khng chy c phi c ng trong

cc ti nha trong sut. Cc v chai nha rng phi c tho np, g mc, ri cho vo
mt ti ring bit.

Trong cc chai lm bng nha PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) cn phi c ra sch

v gim bp trc khi cho vo ti. Phn nhn mc v np chai s c phn vo loi "rc
chy c".

Khi mun b cc loi rc ngoi c nh ging, t, qut... bn s cn gi in trc n

thng bo vi cng ty x l rc thi v phi tn mt khon ph t 1.600 yn n trn 5.000
yn Nht (khong 300.000 n gn 1 triu ng).

Cn i vi cc loi chai thy tinh, v hp nhm, thic, ngi dn phi vt vo thng rc.
Cc loi l xt c ha cht c hi cn phi c l thot hi v lm sch.

Cc loi rc c hi nh pin, nhit k v... phi c b trong ti bng, c dn bn ngoi

ch "Yugai gomi - rc c hi".
Th nhng trn y vn ch l nhng bc rt "c bn" v qu trnh vt rc ti Nht. Bn
cnh , ngi dn cn phi nh lch trnh thu rc, v cc loi rc s c thu gom vo
nhng ngy khc nhau.

Vo u nm, cc trm trung chuyn rc s pht cho mi gia nh m h ph trch v sinh

mt t lch treo tng. Trong t lch ny ghi r, mi ngy gom v vn chuyn loi rc no,
tun no ch thu giy, tun no thu rc c th t.

C nhng loi rc c thu gom hng tun nhng cng c loi 2 tun mi c "dn sch"
mt ln. c bit hn, c loi rc phi ch mt thng hay mt nm sau mi c loi b
khi nh v thi hn nhng loi rc qu kh c thu gom l khong 2 ln/nm.

Khng ch vy, mi khu vc s c quy nh ring v ti rc s dng, trong phn ln s

yu cu loi c mua trong siu th, c mu sc quy nh.

V d cc loi rc t c s c b vo ti vng, rc khng t c l ti xanh. Nu

khng tun th, ti rc ca bn s b tr v km theo mt chic v xu h nhc nh.

Phn loi rc H Lan

# Cht thi hu c (biowaste / biojte)

Bao gm c cc loi rc c th t phn hy c nh cc loi vi sinh vt.

o n tha
o V tri cy v rau c
o B tr, c ph v giy lc c ph
o Xng c, xng ng vt, v trng
o Giy chi bp, khn giy, giy v sinh
o t v cy c
KHNG b t giy, BVS hay ti ca my ht bi

# Cht thi kh (dry waste / kuivajte):

Bao gm nhng th khng th t phn hy c, cng khng th ti ch li c:

o V bao, cc loi hp, khay ng, cc loi mung na dng mt ln bng nha
o Giy v v carton b bn, t
o gm s, gng, ca knh, bng n trn v.v.
o T giy v BVS
o Ti ca my ht bi, giy gi qu, u lc thuc l, chewing gum.
o Cc loi chai dng xt (spray) rng
o Qun o v giy dp khng s dng c.
o Ni chung l ci no khng th ti ch c th cho vo y.
KHNG b cht thi hu c
KHNG b cc cht thi c hi
-> y l hai loi cht thi c bn nht m bn nn phn loi. Mnh thy c mt s
khng nh cc bn c b ht tt c cc loi rc vo mt bao ri b vo thng Dry Waste.
iu ny l nh hng rt nhiu n vic x l rc.
B chung rc hu c, rc c hi chung vi rc kh s dn n cc nguy c:

1. Rc hu c khi phn hy to ra kh methane gy chy, khi b trn ln vi cc loi

rc khc trong qu trnh x l c th gy chy n, hoc t phn hy lm nhim c
t v nc.
2. Kh methane cng l mt loi kh gy hiu ng nh knh v hn hn, cho nn cn
c x l ring trnh lm nh hng n mi trng.
3. Trong qu trnh x l rc, cc cng nhn c th b try xc, t tay; v nu rc hu
c ang phn hy b ln ln trong rc chung, kh nng h b nhim trng tng rt
ng k.
Ngoi cc loi cht thi nu trn, bn cn c th bt gp cc loi rc c th ti ch c
nh sau:

# Giy (recyclable paper / keryspaperi):

o Cc loi giy vit, giy in, tp ch, bo hng ngy, t ri, qung co, phong b v
cc loi giy/ha n c gi t bu in.
o Tp v, sch c g bao king, ba, dy bookmark, v.v.
KHNG b giy b t, b vy bn
KHNG b giy king gi qu hay ba cc tng.
Nn bp hp cho xp xung trc khi b tit kim din tch.

# Cc tng (recyclable cardboard / keryskartonki):

o Cc loi thng cha bng cc tng
o Ti v gi giy
o V hp sa, nc ung bng giy c ra sch
o Hp ng pizza, trng, hp khn giy, li giy v sinh
KHNG b hp nha hay polymer
KHNG b hp carton b bn, t.
# Thy tinh (recyclable glass / keryslasi):
o Cc loi khay, chn, a bng thy tinh, c mu hoc trong sut.
o Ci loi chai, l cha thc ung; h thy tinh ng n c ra qua.
KHNG b gm s, pha l hay mu
KHNG b bng n, king ca s hoc gng.
# Kim loi (recyclable metal / kerysmetalli):
o Lon thic, nhng vt dng nh bng kim loi, chn a, ni niu xoong cho
o Lon ng sn ra sch
o Giy nhm gi/nng thc n ra sch.
KHNG b cc loi pin
Bn cnh , cc loi rc c hi, c cha ha cht (hazardous waste / vaarallinen
jte) cn c x l ring, v d nh:
o Cc loi pin, pin sc
o n ng fluorescent, n tit kim nng lng
o Cc vt dng in t
Vi nhng loi ny, bn nn em ra ca hng in t hoc siu th b vo ng thng
dnh ring cho chng,trnh ln ln vi nhng loi rc khc.

o i vi cc loi thuc c, ht hn, nn em ra hiu thuc nh ngi b dm.

o i vi cc loi nh keo, sn, du nht, v.v. cha nhiu ha cht c hi, cn tm
im x l ha cht ring. Bn nn ln website ca thnh ph mnh tm nhng
im c th b cc loi rc c hi, cc loi rc cng knh v vt dng gia dng
khc.
Lu mt iu l khi mang rc i b, ngoi tr thng rc kh, bn khng nn ln bao
nilon ng rc vo trong cc thng khc, tr khi l loi bao c th dng cho rc hu c.
Cch tt nht l ht cc loi rc khc vo thng ring ca n, ri em bao nilon b vo
thng dry waste hoc mang v dng li.
Ti ng rc hu c phn hy c.

Vo ma ng, khng nn rc c cha cht lng v du m vo thng biowaste, v cht

lng s ng cng li v gy kh khn cho vic thu thp rc.

o i vi cht lng khng phi du m, c th vo toilet.

o i vi du m, nn dng giy thm qua, hoc cho vo hp nha ng kn v b
vo thng rc kh. Khng nn vo toilet v c th ng li v gy nght cng
vo ma ng.
i vi cc loi lon bia, chai nc bng nha, thy tinh mua t siu th v c du nh
hnh di (0,15, 0,20, 0,40), bn nn gi li mang ti siu th cho vo my ti ch
ly li tin. Thng th chai nh 20 cent, chai ln 40 cent, lon bia 15 cent. Nhng chai
v lon khc nu khng c du th cng nn em ti ti ch, c iu bn khng nhn
c ng no thi :>

Chai Coca ca ad LB *hot hot*

Vi qun o c, bn c th ng thnh bao v mang n cc tim bn c. h s

phn ra hng no cn dng c, bn c; hng no khng dng c, v mang n im
x l dnh ring cho vi vc.

Kt lun
Vic phn loi rc nghe c v phc tp, tuy nhin l vic nn lm bo v mi trng
v c sc khe ca mnh. Nhp gia ty tc, khi bn n Phn Lan, bn nn lm theo nhng
phng thc ca ngi Phn trong vic phn loi rc ni ring, v nhng cng vic thng
ngy khc ni chung. Nu li (qu) th bn nn nh ba loi rc chnh cn phn ra l rc
hu c (biowaste), rc kh (dry waste), v rc c ha cht c hi (hazardous waste). Trong
nh nn c t nht hai ci thng rc dnh cho biowaste v dry waste, ch khng nn b
chung lm mt.

Ngoi ra, rc khng c phn loi s gy cn tr cho vic thu thp rc, ng ngha vi
vic cng ty x l rc thi s phi tng gi tin dch v ca mnh, v ch nh / cng ty thu
nh ca bn hon ton c quyn bt bn np pht / tng tin nh b vo nhng khon
pht sinh ny.