(Irrigation Structures)

5.1


5.2

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.................
5.3
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5.4
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2
 5
1

1.
2. /
3.
4.

.
.
.
.

5.1
.

 5
2

-


- /


-

.
.1

.2

.3


-


-

 5
3

.4


-
2
5:1

-

-



.5 Abutment




Bearing Test

Well Point
Deep Well Cutoff Trench
Sump Pumping
.6


--

 5
4

.7

-

1. Unified Soil Classification
2. Grain Size Analysis
3. Standard Proctor Compaction Test
Optimum Moisture Content
Maximum Dry Density

3

1. Specific Gravity
2. Direct Shear Test
3. Permeability Test
4. Triaxial Test-UU
5. Triaxial Test-CU
6. Consolidation Test
7. Dispersive Soil Test ()
-

2%
Optimum Moisture Content
-

- Abutment
Abutment
Abutment 2: 1
( : )

 5
5

Sheepsfoot

-
2% Optimum Moisture Content 30
.

-
Horizontal Drainage Blabket
30 . Vibratory Roller Relative
Density 70% Relative Density
Cohesionless Soils (ASTM Designation : D2049)

Vertical Drain
1.50 . Backhoe

Vibrator Vibratory Roller

-

0.50
- Toe Drain

- Bedding Riprap

 5
6

- Top Soil 20-30 .

-
- Dam Instrument Piezometer
Inclinometer




-

- Staff Gauge

1.

2.
3.

2
1.

2.
2.1

 5
7

2.2
2.3

-
-
-
-

 5
8

1.

2.

0.50
(ZOOM)

3. 8 10
ZOOM
8
4. 3

5.

 5
9

6.
7.

8.

1. ( )

30
2.
30

3. 1 2



. (
)
Standpipe Piezomenter

 5
10

. Standpipe Piezometer

Piezometer
(
Piezometer)
Piezometer
Piezometer 6
Standpipe
Piezometer 1.50
- 6
Hydraulic Gradient = 0.25
- 6
7.5
7.5
6 ( Submerged Weight)

. Piezometer


)

-
30-50 (

)

1-
2

1 . 0

 5
11

-
30-50
(
30 ) 60

-)

-

1. ()

30

 5
12

2.
40

3.
1 2)

.



.


-


-

- 30


40

 5
13

1.


. (Top Soil) 10-15

.
.

2.
1

.
. (Top Soil) 10-15
.

3.


1 2

.




.

 5
14

(
)
.
(Top Soil) 10-15



1-2

.


.

4.

Dispersive Soil
Dispersive Soil
.


2% (
Optimum Moisture
Content 3-4 )
(Top Soil)
10-15

.


3

 5
15

2% 30
Dispersive (Top Soil)
10-15

5.

. bedding



20 bedding

( ) 30

.


3 bedding
20
30

1.

berm

 5
16

2.

1

bedding

1.

bedding
bedding
.

(


)
.
. 20
bedding
. bedding

5.2
.
(Weir)

 5
17

( Barrage, Diversion Dam)

.

.1

.2

.3

85%
Standard Proctor Compaction Test

.4

.5
.6

 5
18

.7

-
-

-


-

-
-
-
()
-

-
-

-
-

 5
19

............
-

-
-

.
-




-


-

-

5.3
.

 5
20

.1 , ,



( )

.2 ,
,

.3 (Flumes)

bench flumes

elevated flumes
.4 (Siphons)

.5 (Inlet)

 5
21

()

.6 (Outlet)







.7 (Bridges)



.8 (Culverts)




.9 (Check Regulators)

0.50 .

.10 (Drops)
( 1:100)

 5
22

.11 (Tail Regulators)

(Check Regulators)




.12 (Farm Turnouts)


-

.





100


.


100

 5
23

5.4
.

 5
24

1.
(2551) ,
2551,
2. ,
72 17
2534, , 2534 .
09342500
3. ,
, 2537