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1 Proceso de Ortogonalizacin
i. 1 = u1
n < u \ i1 >
ii. n = un . i1
i=2 < i1 \ i1 >
y sea
( 0 1 ) \ (1 0
)
0 1 1 . (1 0
2 = ( ) 1 3 2 )
1 3 ( 1 0 1 0 2 1
)\( )
2 1 2 1
0 1 1 2
(( )( ))
0 1 1 3 0 1 . (1 0
2 = ( ) )
1 3 1 0 1 2
tr(( )( )) 2 1
2 1 0 1
0 1
(( ))
0 1 1 5 . (1 0
2 = ( ) )
1 3 1 2 2 1
tr(( ))
2 5
0 1 5 1 0
2 = ( ) .( )
1 3 6 2 1
5
1 1 5 6
2 = (6 ) 2 = ( )
4 13 6 4 13
3 6
< u3 \ 1 > < u3 \ 2 >
3 = u3 1
< 1 \ 1 > < 2 \ 2 > 2
1
(0 1) \ (1 0 ) (0 1) \ (5 6 ) 1
3 = (
0 1
) 2 0 2 1 . (1 0
) 2 0 6 4 13 . (
5 6
)
1 0 1 0 2 1 1
2 0 ( )\( ) 1 (5 6 ) \ (5 6 ) 6 4 13
2 1 2 1 6 4 13 6 4 13
0 1 1 2 0 1 1 5 4
(( )( )) (( ) ( ))
0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 6 6 13 1 5 6
3 = ( ) .( ) . ( )
2 0 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 5 6 1 5 4 6 4 13
tr (( )( )) tr ( ( ) ( ))
2 1 0 1 6 4 13 6 6 13
0 1 1 6 13
(( )) (( ))
0 1 2 4 1 0 6 10 8 1 5 6
3 = ( ) .( ) . ( )
2 0 1 2 2 1 1 61 98 6 4 13
tr (( )) tr (( ))
2 5 36 98 185
14
0 1 4 1 0 1 5 6
3 = ( ) .( ) 6 . ( )
2 0 6 2 1 246 6 4 13
36
0 1 2 1 0 7 5 6
3 = ( ) .( ) .( )
2 0 3 2 1 123 4 13
1 2 3 7 5 6 1 82 35 123 42
3 = ( ) .( ) == ( )
3 2 2 3.41 4 13 3.41 82 28 82 91
1 117 81 1 39 27
3 = .( )= .( )
3.41 54 9 41 18 3
Para verificar que son ortogonales se realiza el producto interno entre todos los elementos del
conjunto:
1 0 1 5 6 1 0 1 5 4 1 5 4
< 1 \ 2 >= 0; < ( )\ ( ) >= ( ) ( ) = ( )=0
2 1 6 4 13 2 1 6 6 13 6 4 5
1 0 1 39 27 1 0 1 39 18
< 1 \ 3 > = 0; < ( )\ .( ) > = ( ) .( )
2 1 41 18 3 2 1 41 27 3
1 39 18
= . ( )=0
41 78 27 39
1 5 6 1 39 27 1 5 6 1 39 18
< 2 \3 > = 0; < ( )\ .( ) > = ( ) .( )
6 4 13 41 18 3 6 4 13 41 27 3
1 5 39 + 6 27 5 18 18 1 33 72
= . ( )= . ( )=0
6.41 4 39 + 13 27 4 18 13 3 6.41 195 33
Por lo tanto la base ortogonal ser:
1 0 1 5 6 3 13 9
B2 = {( ); ( ); .( )}
2 1 6 4 13 41 6 1
Para normalizar a B2 se debe dividir para la respectiva norma a cada elemento, de la siguiente manera:
1 = (1 2) = 6
2 5
1 1 1 6 1 5
2 = < 2 \ 2 >= < (5 6 ) \ (5 6 ) >= (5 ) (
4
)
6 4 13 6 4 13 6 4 13 6 6 13
1 1 1
2 = (61 98
) = 246 = 6.41
36 98 185 6 6
3 13 9 3 13 9
3 = < 3 \ 3 >= < .( )\ .( ) >
41 6 1 41 6 1
3 13 9 3 13 6
= .( ) .( )
41 6 1 41 9 1
3 3 3
3 = ( 250 87
)= 287 = 7.41
41 87 37 41 41
Entonces una base ortonormal ser:
1 1 0 6 1 5 6 41 3 13 9
B3 = { ( ); ( ); .( )}
6 2 1 6.41 6 4 13 3. 7.41 41 6 1
6 1 0 6.41 5 6 7.41 13 9
B3 = { ( ); ( ); .( )}
6 2 1 246 4 13 287 6 1
Si se escoge a :
1 0 0 1 0 1
u1 = ( ) ; 2 = ( ) 3 = ( )
2 1 2 0 1 3
Se obtiene
1 2 3 1 3 0
2 = ( ) 3 = ( )
3 2 2 2 0 3
Entonces otra base ortogonal ser:
1 0 1 2 3 1 3 0
B2 = {( ); ( ); ( )}
2 1 3 2 2 2 0 3
1 1 0 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 0
B3 = { .( ); . ( ); . ( )}
6 2 1 21 3 2 2 32 2 0 1
Y si se escoge a:
0 1 1 0 0 1
u1 = ( ) ; 2 = ( ) 3 = ( )
2 0 2 1 1 3
Se obtiene
1 5 4 1 3 0
2 = ( ) 3 = ( )
5 2 5 2 0 3
Entonces otra base ortogonal ser:
0 1 1 5 4 1 3 0
B2 = {( ); ( ); ( )}
2 0 5 2 5 2 0 3
1 0 1 5 1 5 4 2 3 1 0
B3 = { ( ); . ( ); ( )}
2 2 0 70 5 2 5 32 2 0 1
w1 = u1
w1 = (1,2, 1)
< u2 \w1 >
w2 = u2 .w
< w1 \w1 > 1
(0,1,3)\(1,2, 1)
w2 = (0,1,3) . (1,2, 1)
(1,2, 1)\(1,2, 1)
1
w2 = (0,1,3) + (1,2, 1)
6
1 2 1
w2 = (0,1,3) + ( , , )
6 6 6
1 8 17 1
w2 = ( , , ) = (1,8,17)
6 6 6 6
< u3 \w1 > < u3 \w2 >
w3 = u3 . w1 .w
< w1 \w1 > < w2 \w2 > 2
1
< (1,0,5)\(1,2, 1) > < (1,0,5). (1,8,17) >
w3 = (1,0,5) .w 6 .w
< (1,2, 1)\(1,2, 1) > 1 < 1 (1,8,17). 1 (1,8,17) > 2
6 6
86
4 6 1
w3 = (1,0,5) + . (1,2, 1) . (1,8,17)
6 1 + 64 + 289 6
36
86
2 4 2 1
w3 = (1,0,5) + ( , , ) 6 . (1,8,17)
3 3 3 354 6
36
5 4 13 43
w3 = ( , , ) . (1,8,17)
3 3 3 177
1
w3 = (295 43, 236 344, 767 731)
177
1 1
w3 = (252, 108,36) = (84, 36,12)
177 59
1 1
S2 = {(1,2, 1); (1,8,17); (84, 36,12) }
6 59
Se puede comprobar que el producto interno entre todos los elementos de S2 Es cero.