BI GING MN: IN T S

Chng 1 HM BOOLE V CNG LOGIC

1.1. Gii thiu i s Boole

1.2. Phng php biu din hm Boole

1.3. Phng php ti thiu hm Boole

1.4. Cng logic

1.5. Cc tham s chnh

1.6. Mt s lu khi s dng IC s

GING VIN: NGUYN HNG HOA 1

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Chng 1 HM BOOLE V CNG LOGIC

1.1. Gii thiu i s Boole

1.1.1. Cc nh l c bn
1.1.2. Cc nh lut c bn
1.1.3. Ba quy tc v ng thc

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i s Boole:

- L mt tp hp cc i tng c hai trng thi: c hoc

khng, ng hoc sai, c biu din bng bin logic vi hai
gi tr 1(A) v 0 ( A ).
- Php ph nh logic: f A A

- Php cng logic (php hoc): f A,B A B

- Php nhn logic (php v): f A,B A.B AB

B A B
A A
A
A+B A.B

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1.1.1. Cc nh l c bn

STT Tn gi Dng tch Dng tng

1 ng nht X.1 = X X+0=X
2 Phn t 0, 1 X.0 = 0 X+1=1
3 B X.X 0 X X 1
4 Bt bin X.X = X X+X=X
5 Hp th X + X.Y = X X.(X + Y) = X
6 Ph nh p X X
7 nh l DeMorgan X.Y.Z... X Y Z ... X Y Z ... X.Y.Z...

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1.1.2. Cc nh lut c bn

- Hon v: X.Y Y.X

X Y Y X
- Kt hp: X. Y.Z X.Y .Z
X Y Z X Y Z
-Phn phi: X. Y Z X.Y X.Z
X Y. X Z X Y.Z
- Nht qun: nu X Y Y th X.Y X

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1.1.3. Ba quy tc v ng thc

Quy tc thay th: trong bt k ng thc logic no, nu thay mt bin
bng mt hm th ng thc vn c thit lp.
V d:

Quy tc tm hm o: Php o ca hm s c thc hin bng cch

i du nhn thnh du cng v ngc li; i 0 thnh 1 v ngc li;
i nguyn bin thnh o bin v ngc li. Gi nguyn du o ca
hm nhiu bin, tun th nguyn tc nhn trc, cng sau.
V d:

Quy tc i ngu: Hm F v F c gi l i ngu vi nhau khi cc

du cng v du nhn, cc s 0 v s 1 c i ch cho nhau mt
cch tng ng.

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B MN KTT KHOA KTT1
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Chng 1 HM BOOLE V CNG LOGIC

1.1. Gii thiu i s Boole

1.2. Phng php biu din hm Boole

1.3. Phng php ti thiu hm Boole

1.4. Cng logic

1.5. Cc tham s chnh

1.6. Mt s lu khi s dng IC s

GING VIN: NGUYN HNG HOA 7

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Chng 1 HM BOOLE V CNG LOGIC

1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm Boole

1.2.1. Bng trng thi
1.2.2. Biu thc i s
1.2.3. Bng Karnaugh

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1.2.1. Bng trng thi (1)

- Bng trng thi gm A B C f1 f2 f3

cc ct, lit k gi tr 0 0 0
(trng thi) mi bin
theo tng ct v gi tr 0 0 1
hm theo mt ct ring 0 1 0
(thng l bn phi 0 1 1
bng).
1 0 0
- Bng trng thi cn
c gi l bng s 1 0 1
tht hay bng chn l. 1 1 0
- Hm n bin s c 2n
1 1 1
b gi tr.
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1.2.1. Bng trng thi (2)

- Hng tch (minterm): k hiu mi, vi i = 0 n 2n -1, l cc t hp
gm tch cc bin, trong :
Gi tr 1 c biu din bng nguyn bin (bin trc tip)
Gi tr 0 c biu din bng o bin (bin ph nh)
- Hng tng (Maxterm): k hiu Mi, vi i = 0 n 2n -1, l cc t hp
gm tng cc bin, trong :
Gi tr 0 c biu din bng nguyn bin (bin trc tip)
Gi tr 1 c biu din bng o bin (bin ph nh)
- Mi quan h gia minterm v Maxterm:

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1.2.1. Bng trng thi (3)

A B C f m M
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

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1.2.2. Biu thc i s (1)

- C 2 dng biu din:
Dng tuyn (tng cc tch): gm tng cc s hng, mi s hng l tch cc
bin.
Dng hi (tch cc tng): gm tch cc tha s, mi tha s l tng cc bin.
- Nu trong tt c cc s hng hay tha s c mt cc bin th dng tng cc tch
hay dng tch cc tng tng ng c gi l dng chun. Dng chun l duy nht.

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1.2.2. Biu thc i s (2) Dng tng cc tch

f1 A,B,C ABC ABC ABC ABC

f 2 A,B,C A BC

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1.2.2. Biu thc i s (3) Dng tng cc tch

* Chun ho hm v dng chun tng cc tch (chun tc tuyn):
- Thm cc bin cn thiu vo cc tch m khng lm nh hng n kt
qu bng cch nhn tch vi 1 (tng ca nguyn bin v o bin
cn thiu).
- Loi b cc hng tch lp li (hng tch tha).
V d:

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1.2.2. Biu thc i s (4) Dng tch cc tng

f1 A,B,C (A B C)(A B C)(A B C)

f 2 A,B,C (A B)(A C)

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1.2.2. Biu thc i s (5) Dng tch cc tng

* Chun ho hm v dng chun tch cc tng (chun tc hi):
- Thm cc bin cn thiu vo cc hng tng m khng lm nh hng
n kt qu bng cch cng hng tng vi 0 (tch ca nguyn bin
v o bin cn thiu).
- Loi b cc hng tng lp li (hng tng tha).
V d:

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1.2.3. Bng Karnaugh (1)

T chc ca bng Karnaugh:
BC
Cc t hp bin c vit theo 00 01 11 10
dng (thng l pha trn) v ct A
(thng l bn tri). 0
Hm logic n bin c 2n .
1
Mi th hin mt hng tch hay
mt hng tng,
Hai k cn ch khc nhau mt CD
bin. 00 01 11 10
AB
Tnh tun hon ca bng Cc n:
00
Cc k cn l cc cnh nhau,
v cc i xng vi nhau theo 01
hng v ct (cc u dng v
cui dng, u ct v cui ct, k 11

c 4 gc vung ca bng). 10

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1.2.3. Bng Karnaugh (2)

Thit lp bng Cc n ca mt f1 A,B,C 3,4,5,6,7
hm:
BC
- Di dng tng cc tch: ghi gi 00 01 11 10
A
tr 1 vo cc ng vi hng tch
0
c mt trong biu din, cc cn
1
li ly gi tr 0.
- Di dng tch cc tng: ghi gi f 2 A,B,C 0,1,3
tr 0 vo cc ng vi hng tng
BC
c mt trong biu din, cc cn 00 01 11 10
A
li ly gi tr 1.
0
1

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1.2.3. Bng Karnaugh (3)

f3 A,B,C 1,4,5 (6,7)
Hm chuyn mch khng d

y : BC
00 01 11 10
A
- C th tn ti mt s t hp
0
bin m ti hm khng
1
xc nh (c th ly gi tr 1
hoc 0). Cc gi tr ny gi
l cc gi tr tu chn (x). f 4 A,B,C 2,3,6 . d
(0,4)

BC
00 01 11 10
f mi d
(m j ) mi K
(m j ) A
0
f (Mi ). d
(M j ) (Mi ). K
(M j )
1

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Chng 1 HM BOOLE V CNG LOGIC

1.1. Gii thiu i s Boole

1.2. Phng php biu din hm Boole

1.3. Phng php ti thiu hm Boole

1.4. Cng logic

1.5. Cc tham s chnh

1.6. Mt s lu khi s dng IC s

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B MN KTT KHOA KTT1
 BI GING MN: IN T S

Chng 1 HM BOOLE V CNG LOGIC

1.3. Cc phng php rt gn hm Boole

1.3.1. Phng php i s
1.3.2. Phng php bng Karnaugh
1.3.3. Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey

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1.3.1. Phng php i s

* Quy tc:
- Da vo cc nh l hc a biu thc v dng ti gin.
- Thng p dng cho nhng trng hp hm cho trc c t
bin hoc n gin.
* V d: f1 AB AC BC

f2 AB BD CDE AD
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1.3.2. Phng php bng Karnaugh (1)

* Ti thiu ha hm dng tng cc
tch:
- Gp cc k cn c gi tr 1 li CD
00 01 11 10
thnh tng nhm 2, 4, ...., 2i cc . AB

- Thay mi nhm bng mt tch mi, 00 1 1

trong gi li cc bin ging nhau 01 1 1

theo hng v ct. 11 1 1 1 1
10 1 1
- Bin c gi tr 1 c biu din
bng nguyn bin, bin c gi tr 0
f2 = AB f1 = C
c biu din bng o bin.
- Cng cc tch mi, c hm ti
gin.

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1.3.2. Phng php bng Karnaugh (2)

* Ch :
- S trong mi nhm cng ln kt qu thu c cng ti gin. Gp 2 i
cc ln cn, rt gn c i bin.
- Mt c th c gp nhiu ln trong cc nhm khc nhau. Mi nhm
phi c t nht mt mi ( cha c gp trong cc nhm khc).
- Nu gp theo cc c gi tr 0 ta s thu c biu thc b ca hm.
- Vi cc gi tr tu chn, chn x bng 1 hoc 0 s gp c l
ti a; s nhm l ti thiu.
* V d:

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1.3.2. Phng php bng Karnaugh (2)

* V d:

f1 A,B,C 0,1, 3, 4, 5

f 2 A,B,C 3,7 d
1,2,6

f3 A,B,C,D 3,6,8,9,11,12 d
0,1,2,13,14,15

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1.3.2. Phng php bng Karnaugh (4)

* V d:

f A,B,C,D (0,2,3,4,5,8). d
(10,11,12,13,14,15)

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