&

Romer

5
Charles Jones, Introduction to Economic Growth, (2 ), 2002, Norton,
New York.
. Romer
Paul Romer, Endogenous
Technological Change, Journal of Political Economy, 98 ( 1990),
. S71-S102, Charles I. Jones,
R&D-Based Models of Economic Growth, Journal of Political Economy, 103
( 1995), .759-84.

.
Romer
-
.
(&). Solow


.

LY ,
.
1
Y = K ( ALY )

0 1.

-1-
 ,
LY .
.

.
, . ,
.

Solow.
sK d.
K = sK dK

L
n,

L
=n
L

Solow g.
Romer A .
. A(t )
t. A
.
A
, LA ,
L = LY + LA ,
, :

A = LA

.
.

, .
, ,
,
.

= A

. > 0
, < 0 .
= 0
.

-2-

. , ,

.
LA , LA ,
0 1.

A = LA A

<1 .

Romer
,
Solow
.
g x
x , ., g x = x = x x , ,
Solow,

g y = gk = g A

., ,
.
; A = LA A

A LA
=
A A1

.,
. ,
:

LA A
0= (1 )
LA A

,
, ., n,

0 = n (1 ) g A
n
gA =
1

-3-
 .
Romer.
: (1)
(final goods sector), (2) (intermediate goods
sector) (3) (research sector).

1. .

, K, , LY ,
, Y.
. - ,
-
, ., LA . L = LY + LA
,
Solow :

A
Y = LY 1

j =1
x j

LY
x j , j = 1,, A .

.
, .
.
[ Romer
.

(product variety model).]
: ,
, LY x j
, , .

1 A
A
1
(
LY ) ( ) x j = LY
1
x j = Y


j=1 j=1

, .,
,
:
A
Y = LY 1 x j dj
0

-4-
 .,
.

,
LY x j ,
.

, ,
pY = 1Y = Y , wLY ,
. p j
j,
A

0
p j x j dj .
A A
Y = LY1 x j dj wLY 0 p j x j dj
0

:
Y
w = (1 )
LY

p j = LY 1 x j 1 j (0, A)

: :

max Y
LY , x j

A A
LY 1 x j dj wLY p j x j dj
Y =
=
0 0

LY LY
A Y
= (1 ) LY 1 LY 1 x j dj w = (1 ) w = 0
0 LY
Y
w = (1 )
LY

A A
LY 1 x j dj wLY p j x j dj
Y
=
0 0
=
x j x j
= LY 1 x j 1 p j = 0
p j = LY 1 x j 1

-5-

.

.
()
LY x j .

2.

.

j .
,
:
.
j : j = p j ( x j ) x j rx j ,
, r
. ,

p j = LY 1 x j 1 . x j
:

max j = p j ( x j ) x j rx j p ( x ) x + p ( x ) r = 0 , j.
xj

p, p :
p ( x ) r
p ( x ) x + p ( x) r = 0 x +1 =
p ( x) p ( x)
r
p( x) =
p ( x)
1+ x
p ( x)

p ( x)
x ,
p( x)
,

, .,

p
p = LY 1 x 1 p ( x) = = ( 1) LY 1 x2
x
p ( x) ( 1) LY 1 x2
x= x = ( 1)
p( x) LY 1 x 1

r r r
p = = = ,
p ( x) 1 + (1 )
1+ x
p

-6-
 r
p=

.,
(markup) .

, x j = x .
. .
:

Y
= (1 )
A

: :
: p = LY 1 x1 .
x px = LY 1 x .
x j = x Y = LY 1 Ax .
:
Y
px = LY 1 Ax = .
A A
r r
p = p = r = p rx = px .

Y Y
= px rx = px px = (1 ) px = (1 ) = (1 ) . ...
A A

, .,:

A
0 x j dj = K .

x j = x x. .,

K
x=
A

Y = ALY 1 x

-7-

1 1 K 1
Y = ALY x = ALY = A A LY

K = A1 LY 1 K
A
1
Y = K ( ALY )

., Solow
.
K L,
.

3.

19
.
.
() .
.

.
.

.
.
.
.
,
() .
, ,

.
, , .
PA . ;
.
PA . : (1)
1 r, rPA , (2)


, ,
PA . ,
,
.

rPA = + PA

1
, r.

-8-
 (1)
(2). PA
:
PA
r= +
PA PA

r Y K .
PA .
= (1 )Y A .,
Y A , .
y
y = A Y L = A Y n = A Y A = n , .,
Y A n, ,
PA .

P P
PA = A = n r = + A = + n
PA PA PA PA

PA =
r n

1. .
L,
.
2. .
.
.
,
. , .,
(monopolistic competition) ( Chamberlin
).
3.
, ., Pareto
.

.

. .

-9-


Y
wY = (1 )
LY
.

.

.
PA , .,

wR = PA

, : wY = wH .
Y
wY = wR (1 ) = PA .
LY
(1 ) Y
PA = = (1 )Y A PA =
r n r n A

Y Y
(1 ) = (1 )
LY r n A
1
=
r n A LY

A A = LA A ,
A = g A LA .
gA L
= A.
r n LY
sR , .,
LA LA LY LA LY
sR = , sR = = LA LY = sR (1 sR )
LA + LY LA LY + LY LY LA LY + 1
sR
1
sR =
r n
1+
g A

.,
.

r = 2 Y K

- 10 -
:
Y Y 1 K
r = p, = (1 ) px = (1 ) p = , x = r = 2 Y K
A Ax A

r , .,
r = Y K . Solow
.
Romer
.

.
.
.

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