Professional Academy for Training

- 01286314594 - (what's app) 01154043431 01154043429 0403298974

01154043432 - 01012421333
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: Electrical Charge


, .

: Electricity

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( )

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: Electronics

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.

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: Electrical Voltage
..
.. ..
. .. .

.
" " Volt
. V
Voltage source
.


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:

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:
-1 , .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .

: Electrical Current
.

" " Amper A

..
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: Frequency

..
.
.hertz Hz

AC Alternating Current
50 60
.
( ).
AC alternating current ..
120 " 60" .

( ) AC Sine Wave

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: Direct Current
Direct current DC ..
( .. + .) -

..
.

DC .
.
DC
DC
.ripple
DC.

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: Power
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .

.

..
( ..
.. ).

" " watts W

1 amp 1
.volt

- P=IV

P=RI2 = V2/R
P= 12V0.5A=6W
( )
.
Pn ................... 3P + 2P + 1P = PT

PT
Pmax .Pmax> PT
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Batteries


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. ()-
( )+
.

:
:1 :

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:2 :
.
/ :

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:
(dc)
.

:1 :

( end to
)end .

: 2 :

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: 3 / :

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. .

):(series connection

.

:
- .
- .
- .

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):(parallel connection

:
- .
- .
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Electronics

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:
-1 Fuse


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,
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-
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-2 : Resistor
- , .

- ( )
( ).
- .. Ohm .

- : -

:
o .
o .
o .

- : :

/ ,,
:
-1 CARBON FILM RESISTORS
-2 Metal FILM RESISTORS
-3 WIREWOUND RESISTOR
-4 FUSE RESISTORS
-5 Surface Mount Resistors-SMR
-6 Network Resistors
-7 POWER WIRE WOUND
RESISTORS
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- : :

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- : :
LDR - 1 Light Dependent Resistor
,
..
photo resistor / photocell ..
.

..
()M ohm2
()ohm 100

2 Varistor

.
Voltage
Dependent Resistor .VDR

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- 3 Net resistor
,
.

()Thermistor -4

.
- ( :)PTC .
- ( : )NTC .

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SMD

-
surface mounted technology - SMT
surface mounted devices SMD -
..

SMD .. .

SMD

.1
.
.2 SMD " PCB
" Layers %50 .
.3 .
.4
.
.5
.
.6 .
.7 .. .
.8 .

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SMD
-

.
SMD

- 1 : SMD Resistors
Surface Mount
Devices SMD

- How to read SMD Resistor values

( - )

( )

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( - )

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)(

Three Digit Examples Four Digit Examples

1000 is 100 ohms - not 1000
330 is 33 ohms - not 330 ohms
ohms
4992 is 49 900 ohms, or 49.9
221 is 220 ohms
kohm
683 is 68 000 ohms, or 68 16234 is 162 000 ohms, or 162
kohm kohm
105 is 1 000 000 ohms, or 1
0R56 or R56 is 0.56 ohms
Mohm
8R2 is 8.2 ohms

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, ...

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,
, .

, :
Rt R1 R2 R3 R 4

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: :

:
, 10 ,
:

....
, , ,
( 12 ) ,
, , :

R1 5 :

VR1 I R1 1.2 5 6volt

R2 1 :

VR 2 I R2 1.2 1 1.2volt

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DC :

1 1 1 1

Rt R1 R2 R3

: :

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, ,
,

.
,
.

, 3
15 , , ,
:

15
Rt
: 3

= /

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, :

R1 R2
Rt
R1 R2

= / .

: ,

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R1 R2
,
R1 10 R R2 100
R1, 2 5 1 5
2 2 R1 R2 20
:

R1,2 , R3 :
Rt R1, 2 R3 10 5 15

-3 :Capacitors

-
. .
-

.

-
.. .. ..

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..
.. .

- :
- 1 :


.

.
- 2 :

.

- 3 ( )
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. .
..
..
. . farads

-1 .
-2
.
-3 .

- F ..
nF.. . pF
..
.

.
:

- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .
....... .
:

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: Magnetism
- .
.
- () .
-
.

:
- .
-
.

: Magnetic Lines of Flux

north pole
south pole
.
.
() -

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.
() .
.
. ()
.

:

. .
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- 4 : Coil


( )L
" . " H

-
.

- 5 Relay
- :

.
( NO - Normally
Open ) .
- SW1

Common
.

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-

.

- 6 Electrical transformer

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( (
) ( .

.

,

.
.
:
- : .
- :
.
- :
.
:
- 1 ( ( :
.

- 2 ) ( :



- 3 ) ( :
.

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Semiconductors
Atomic Structure
:

.
( ) .
.

.

.


.
.
Ge Si

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- 1 : Diode
p-
type n-type
..
Diode
. semiconductor

- p-type .. n-type

forward biased .. .
- ..
.. .reverse biased

- 0.7 Si
.. 0,3 .
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-
..
.
- 1 0 .

.. ) (Ac
) (Dc .
- .
..
rectification

:
:1 .. .

:2
" Bridge " .

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- Diode Types
-1 : Germanium Diode
- , .
- 2 : Silicon Controlled Rectifier Diode
. -

- 3 : Light Emitting Diode LED

- LED ,
,

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. 680
1 . LED
- 4 : Photodiode
- P N
.

.
- 5 : Zener diode
-
.

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- 2 :Transistor

-
.

-
TRANSFER RESISTOR
.
-
.

:
-1 Bipolar Junction Transistor
)(BJT
-2 Field Effect Transistor
)(FET
..... .

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:
- Junction Field Effect
)Transistor (JFET
- Metal Oxide Field
)Transistor (MOSFET

) (BJT :

-1 " Collector " C

-2 ( ) " Emitter " E
.
-3 " Base " B

.
-




.

- :
( PNP -1 )
( NPN -2 )

.

NPN
. PNP

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:
. -
. -
. -
- .
. .

: )(FET

" Drain " D -1

-2 ( ) " Source " S
" Gate " G -3

(n- channel) N-Type Semiconductor -1
-2 (p- channel) P-Type Semiconductor
-
( ) .

:
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Phototransistor

Photo Diode ..
.

Darlington

-
.
IGBT Transistor
- BJT
FET .
- IGBT
( ).

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-3 PHOTOCOUPLER

- PHOTO COUPLEUR
(
) (
)

( )

.

- 4 Crystal
- Quartz
.
- " "


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5 : Voltage Regulator

- ) ( Linear voltage regulator

.
-
.
- xx78
xx79 .

xx:
7803 03
7909 09-

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- 6 : Integrated Circuits

- ( )IC
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT .PINS
- ,
,
.
-
,
, .

.

:
-1 LINER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT.
( )
.
-2 DIGITAL LOGIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
.

( -: ) IC
-1 .

-2 , .
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-3 .

-4 .

-5 .

-:
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:
- Digital Multimeter AVO

.

-

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- AVO :
.1 .Buzzer
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.
: :Buzzer

,,

.

: :

,,

V
.COM
: :
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:
,,
,,
V
.COM

: :
COM
A mA
.

:
- 1) : (F
Buzzer
.

- 2 ( :) R


.

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- 3 ( :) c

.
: ( ).
:
.
:

1
.
:
-1 ( ).
-2 .
-3 .

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:
- F ,, AVO meter
.
- com mA .Cx

- 4 ( :) L
,

Buzzer
.

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5 :

- 6 ( :) D
,,


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7 :

8 : BJT
-

.
NBN -

B C
E ,,,


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-
.
-

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9 :


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-10 -:
:
-1 . AVO-METER
-2 . OSCILLOSCOPE
-3 .SCHEMATIC DIARGRAM
-4 .

-1
.
-2
.PINS

-3
,
.INSTRUCTION BOOK

.
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-4 DESOLDERING PUMP
( ) IC ,

.
-
.

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