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    single phase controller

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    4 views5 pages

    Power Single Phase

    Uploaded by

    dhelei
    single phase controller

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5
    488 controllers, cyeloconverters, and matrix converters are intro- duced in this chapter. A brief review is also made regarding their applications. 18.2 Single-Phase AC-AC Voltage Controller The basic power citcuit of a single-phase ac-ac voltage controller, as shown in Fig. 18.18, comprises a pair of SCRs connected back-to-back (also known. as inverse-paralel or anti-parallel) between the ac supply and the load. This con- nection provides a bidirectional full-wave symmetrical conte, and the SCR pair can be replaced by a triac (Fig. 18.1b) for low-power applications. Alternate arrangements are shown in Fig. 18.1c with two diodes and two SCRs to provide a common cathode connection for simplifying the gating circuit without requiring isolation and in Fig. 181d with one SCR and four diodes t© reduce the device cost but with inereased device ~) ve=2V, sina A. K. Chattopadhyay ‘conduction loss. An SCR and diode combination known at thyrode controller, as shown in Fig. 18.le, provides a uni directional half-wave asymmetrical voltage contzol with device ‘economy, but introduces de component and more harmon- ics, and thus it is not so practical to use except for very low-power-heating load. With phase control, the switches conduct the load current for a chosen period of each input cycle of voltage and with ‘on/off control, the switches connect the load either for a few ‘oyces of input voltage and disconnect it for the next few cycles (integral cycle control) or the switches are turned on and off several times within alternate half cycles of input voltage (ac chopper or pulse width modulated [PWM)} ac voltage controller). 18.2.1 Phase-Controlled Single-phase AC Voltage Controller Fora full-wave symmetrical phase control, the SCRsT and Ty, in Fig. 18.1a are gated ata and 7+, respectively, from the zero TRIAC Ho) = NBY, sino TY t oe tb, geo, let A) y=, snot Q FIGURE 18.1 Single-phase a voltage controllers: () fll wave, two SCR i invers-paralle; (b) fll wave with tia; () fll wave with two SCR and ‘oo dies: (8) full wave with four diodes and one SCI snd (¢)half wave with one SCR and one diode in antiparallel 18 AC-AC Converters crossing of the input voltage; by varying a, the power low to the load is controlled through voltage control in alternate half cydles. As long as one SCR is carrying current, the other SCR remains reverse-biased by the voltage drop across the conduct ing SCR. The principle of operation in each half cycle is similar to that of the controlled half-wave rectifier, and one can use the same approach for analysis ofthe cixcut. Operation with Reload: Figure 18.2 shows the typical volt age and curent waveforms forthe single-phase bidirectional phase-contolled ac voltage controller of Fig. 18a with a Festive load. The output voltage and current waveforms have hale wave symmetry and so no de component. fy, = V/V sinat isthe source voltage, the rms output voltage with T triggered at can be found from the half-wave symmetry a8 ten[2 fortron] = -$ | Bl - us) Note that Vo can be varied from V, to 0 by varying ot from Otox. Yo The sms value ofloadl current, p= “2 (182) FIGURE 182 Waveform for single-phase 2c fullwave voltage con teller with Reload 489 Po _ Vo sinde]? rheiputponertcar= 2 = scree = He = [I-51] (18.3) these Sean iar =e f VEdnerton pesca han | visa ue Since each SCR carries half the ine current, the rms current in each SCI (18s) Operation with RL Load: Figure 18.3 shows the voltage and ‘current waveforms for the controller in Fig. 18.1a with RL load, Due to the inductance, the current carried by the SCR T; may not fall to zero at ot = x when the input voltage goes negative and may continue till wt = f, the extinction angle, as shown, ‘The conduction angle, O=p-a (18.6) ‘of the SCR depends on the firing delay angle a and the load impedance angle ¢. o FIGURE 18,3 Typical wavelorms of single-ph with n RE. oad fac voltage controller 490 ‘The expression for the load current Io(iot), when conducting from a to 8, can be derived in the same way as that used for a phase-controlled rectifier in a discontinuous mode by solving the relevant Kirchoff’s voltage equation: viv i(on= ‘ Z [sin(or—6) =sinfar—g)e"96], acwt

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