4.

b

f = ln = ln [1/(1-q)]

Af = 0,75 x Au
= 0,75 x 0,3952
= 0.2962
,
f = ln
,

f = 0,52836

5.a

baja =

100.000 lb
=
(4)2

= 7957,7471 lb/in2

tembaga =

100.000 lb
=
(8)2

=
1989,4367 lb/in2

5. b
baja
baja =

7957,7471
=
30,000,000

= 2,6525 x 10-4
 tembaga
tembaga =

1989,4367
=
16.000.000

= 1,2433 x 10-4