SOME BASIC > OF CHEMISTRY Us, WhO iS Chemistry ? AOS He iS Branch OQ scieree Which deais with Basic. Substance and +O, FoMnGson im uvingy ond Non- Living, systom ALOM— BASIC ENit OF chemistry - 100 Bc 2C00 AD —> ASIOM — RMU CHEM) Cndion) 4 MOM ONd US Structure - Q)—? PIPCHEN 15 Fundamental Paci (because LOoK PAR iM AO 5) Reachons) eS > MER OAL 35 SUbGKOMIC Partcies, Proton + Neutron < Gr oF0 Moss 0g aici ElCcttOn = 6-094 g6 OF atom onde MOSS of ‘on B Proton, SArestwre OF atom and stabiii ACCHOSEAHE —<—] ORCE PrOkon-+ NOUtron Os x dy CIVCUIOY PO (Orbit) EIRCHOStOnC Force Sai eo) = KAI. constant ie Electron wi go tO nucleus by Fae oF CHTCCHON but \t comnot happen © Os. Why @ does not QO M Nucleus 2 QL aus 4— (centrifugal force) = my ‘Gi ElCctrostOnc force + COmrifugal force =Q JO 1 YQ) mn? ANEy RE“sik BRE Structure OF com Pe S= ShOvp P =prnepar de diffusion, = fundomenar Pringge WrsiQ 2 ° S we = Uy =2 " 1 sp ak = 29 a 2 SP are = 20/518 N 3 SPA amt =2@P=32 Basic vnits Used mM chemisiry Fps Cae ASHOIEGIEAI Unit =Ught Eur Gpeon oF, MKS ies 10% Yos1-1960 se UTS OF MOSS MOSS = WRIGht MM Chemistry OQ microtody becaLse dosn't have Gny impact Oo G — MOSS IS COMSE- but WAGE is variaie W= Mxg m= WwW y BM OFkKQ — 1kg = 1000 >igm=tikg =18 8 Gg gm g faa TOK +E UniS_OF VOUe very? ten? = imi A UNit_OR_DONSy -g = ef 1000 ere =(OCOmt = | titre femN ey Slo? 12= 1000 mi = Qm = Qicrm or ers kg hrs Ve cn? or mi or Ute —- IMI= 17, Q0OR- 16? R WOR = Grom? or KGIndPressuse = Force /aron. = NOLOOM/ 2 PrOSSLIAC = FON LALTESPHERE) OF ONEXOR Unit cm Or mm OF 40K ALMOSPHAIG pressuse = pot - /\WP vane UU / gan ee POs Aemosprooic. pressuse 0-984 , 0.186 F Tompercause - ae is degce og HOEMESS and coldnOss Og Body, Ze deends upon density OB BWsance dnd pressvre And it is ANSO VOriaO @<) &) © TMENAKOMaULY cccepeed °C = C4 21315K pt ht -oBiS 30-20-10 10-20 30 AE EEMENE , cOMPEUNA , NUCOUS _Omd Misture SRREDE , COMPOUNA , MUCOUS _Ond. mitre MOKOA- AMything Which occUpIeS Space, have MCES, VOlur Gnel have 3D Structure or arrangement | particles, TMLOsStiar spaces - 1 Souds — FAS roecuar spaces KOTAIS SOlidS ASC +HhOSE sUbSLAMCCS MM hich pasuicles age assanged im such a WOY thr +Qy Or@ LUBY closely packed One iMemoleruiar Qorees age VEY HIQh AS Q rOsule HAY haVe CL FKOd ShOPE, Fxed. volume and nQry Ose Nasd nd Strong,SCUDS. oe IGniC. tesco30. —— eae i sol couaene = SONS scolds lie sods v Tonic Bord 4 EtOctrostdne Forces. strong Forces v Meng and Bolling Pome High FF uciecuidr Sis lor Morepomy > NNGEGER Bonding, L L 4 pole dipae —_ispeasiem TMeQsacrien Forces, On _EORNS VOTO RUA FOrces: Tow MENG Grd Boilmg poines te covaient solid covalent Bend. v 3D Structure EQ-Dicrmenedd v NOLO fyPe OQ sirUetUre ¥ High WRMY Gnd Boing PoIns vamp NOE, [Ry Qed iS mH A BOR bx Quay gond_devowops a Face} +f Liquid, Liquid, ©,0 Fore? GQ mimsacion © weIween solid and cas © ~ O HOVE Axed vouMe Gnd docs’: hove a Qred °° Shop ond FixOd Mags,GCS uhy Liquids doosn'e Hve a Fixed shape? Becouse partici®s Ase nok cicsEiy packed and img MOC CUI feS Gre beween slid and gas NO Reed aggemgen one . Oo CQ Pareles , dees Te herve o oO fxd veiume one moss ond NO Fixed shepe. “A EGA Ct CG HhOaMOl eneagip cr SEES OR MCUOR CEC tere Gp O58 o 8 Tyomeiien TOmp. ————-. X ox? 0 8 {solid fuquidd tcasl WHEN THeaMar ETAAGy 1S provided +0 Solids HO pOreicieS OQ SOlids sETIRES NWibramg Along Hs mean posbON thus, +O ime maiecuiar GAP beaween Parberes goes Gn merCasing dve 40 Which — phase AFAMSQOrMALGN +0KCS Pract. Fe resviks Mm change oR SOS MO Liquids. FUSHRA , IQ SOME MOre hEQt is Provided 40 fiquid HE KE. CG MOICCUIO MEreASeS AS G rESUIt hArheles move TOMY Qrom ACh OHA ond IE Phase TOTEFOFMALEN —4AOKES PICS ThuS Liquid changes imo gus, Tronsition temp, Te 1S th Temp at which phase Tronsgormaton +40keS piace, _— ~ 9 Prose TrorsQormeion gap ereRagy: PROSE TeansQormdaken Ques. WhAL 1S Rect OM KE with ACseece 40 HOMMEL Preagy in phase Transgornration? Ans. TH kG. Mmereases with merease in TOmp, KE ot ave 40 Which Parneies move away Brom eoci, OW. Thos , phoce THOMEQOPMAKEN LAKES place .=F element SeMpest Borm cdeveioped by sare kind OQ akCYn. a (cal RAG SL_SOMER Which iS simMpIES orm in which MOOK OXISES. HE ig, LNCESHUCHEIE Mel ik come be Built (ORI HRS SHOES OB substances is caled On eiOMmene Bemenis— ye Non- Mea) MeLaucids AF MOIeCUIPS, sistance iS made Ww? B Cr ceRRSeM: type og asOM - eg, “URW OF COMBINATION OF citeEMICALS” (CLs 6B _consBUGbON CE Mago —» py TRIER bl croaied nor be destroyed. “1 AFB—sc 3Q +Sg—> 8g MOSS 0G REAOM = MOSS OQ product CUse 1 A+B—>c His Qonowing Low OG con serutiven CQ Mass, 3g + 89 1.99 More 4HOM 1 SANE type OQ aicrn 1 ass con [evty HoIeCuIe isn] 89 ~ 1.99 —> Expeimenar Form ERROR wags ERROR QS. COM ow OB conseavatcn cg MOsseS tO caiied iow OQ constuction BW Mass ond ereagy 2 AMS beCOUSE LOW CQ conservation CQ MOSS SOLOS -tHOt mass con TRH be credued nor destroyed ond tow OR CCTSErvaHEN CQ ENRgQy sLOLOS tht OYEQY neithEg bE creOsOd nor dOSHOYyed. Both ergy and mass Gre mresgoicaed . ced G=17 Elim BLS 63g oQ NAHE, ae added 40 1SQ OQ CHQCCOH . THO @esidud is Qound, HO LE WAGHhiNg 12 g- WhO IS MOSS OQ Cd) REIPASA? so. NANCog + Hg CoO ——» Residue + On, 699 4 15g Congdoovar 10) 6.39 +159 =19 40 2 by X= 219g- (8q X= 399+ GAG UheN 429g cg REGCcEMEt A IS Ackled LO 2g OB reactant g. ThE ROsidue OM gas Which is ReICOSed 1S 5g ond 2G FeSPRcHVeY . Is it Qollewing taro OG conservation cg Mass? EIS A+B —> pesidv+ Gag 4294-39 SQ +21g 129 = 11g YOS it is QONCLUMG que CQ consesuction. SQ MOBS but thd is COMIN WSS Casor Ho 5 9 Formoaon C40p—> 09 Y2g 229 —>4ag 2+ Wy —> Py | ag wg aeg He SOICS Ot when OA pUse compound Goris ik Qudys comaing same eerone Combines kOgeAHER im SOME. deQmike — proportion by MOSS| URIGhE- | QS 1S it A onversar oth? Ms NO TE mene Moy COMBINE In SOME yh but COMPOUNDS For7ey OY be di nt. Ae TSOKOPES G.- ShgoH Bd choo: C09 > C0 a2 12392 C40) — 9 COD oa 14532 TH COSC CQ ISOtOPE y this Ww 1S FAEd bECaUSe iM COS OQ isCLOPO 4HE MOSS YOO Gee “cHONEES. GU carbon B oxygen ARE Kroon 40 Qorm 2 compas. The cCebon comont ™M 1 OQ HOSP Compcond 15 42946. UNE Mm OVHR ik 1S 243% - Shoto 4HCe Hig aad is aggrement With Ow CQ doyMike Proportion oy SP, Gm — 42.940 100~ 42.6 go = S44 oo COLE *2 C+ $09 —2c0) 243 40 42.4 Yo 1294 16g — 289 co G+ 169 0, CO Te MOSS CQ e Which is yeacting: with Qixed MOSS QO AWWNYYS VeMnGinS some im cASC OQ Roth Oxide. ThoS, H Wi FOG LoL HB ABinre Proporcien, veOX 13159 0G cud WOS rEdUCed by H Gnd 1.099 G OG CU WAS ObtOINed:.1n INCA Oxp. 1198. G CB COR Nitreu® WAS cu wWOS dissOLe mM Nitric Gcicl Grd RESUIMgp COMUEROd 40 ignite. HO Ught cud 1S FOrred LJ FJ SHO HHO this YESURS CUS Law EQ ARQ IME Proportion S21 OBE T 2 do cQ coppeR = LOO QD = 49.946 | iAS case Ws Fe OQ CU = LEX GQ = aO.8H 46, TH % (CUM Roth cOBES CAE EQuEI. SO it Foes tau CQ EKQinike Pyoortion, WWW CB MULE _proEortioN -— cO 'eg 2 = @ x9 i. NO Nog 69 F444 ahaa NOD Hag 229 48°98 "8°30. 4 Voie) me wha beg e492? THIS StUPS 4hHOk iQ +0 OMENS ccmbin® +40 tO weight CQ 1 eiemene germ = more 4hGn 2 compouy simp whol No. RAO Which combines with Fixed WAGhE CQ otha poass o 40 OTR OTOHHES. RES] CHO ase Krewn 40 Form 2 COmpouMgs- G COMME in 1 OQ HOSE Penk tS 42.990 - Whe M HRA ft 1S 273+ show Or dora age AGRE TONE with AW CQ Multiple proportion. x c Bt ondde ~ 42.99, 0 100-42.9 = S314 TA code 27.940 $00 - 24:3 = 492.3 of0 cOSe- 429g CQ Cc racing with S41 g OQ oxygen 19 OQ carbon = Sh 6g oxygen mae —3 = 15.86 + 4.999 acti ate LOW CB ROCIPYOCO! Proportion LOW2_CQ_ROCIp Propel N Nag =e Ng / \wo Re commam iS A H SO, H— uright — gixed ™ Nig , 39 OBN—> Ag CEN 49 OQH—> agen =4.8Q TM HD, 2g 0g 4 ——> 16g OR O 19.9 HK IE CRO = 8g ©, 4goQn ——> leg YO IGQN —> IB g og 0 Nr0 4.623 | m 1S case = a6 6g 10 als > 46:80 “2 Te StOXeS When 2 diEZesene —— SOMITE —LOJLHEA GPA CLL, with SH WRIQht OQ a CIeMEME, He FAKO iN Which Oy do SO Wik be some or soure WOE NO. MuttipIO ROL AN which 4404 coMbme With Och ‘Oth, QS. fyS contin 4.4% Sulphug , WOKEA COMAINS 114490 4 and Dy conan’ SOfe O. SHOW thOt this ROSLIES Pee GU OQ RECiproe! Ol proporson , a ve" \ve S——o S H SO) '8 = Gati90 (100-94. 4190) = 5.99 oo Ss Q S2= S09 Sogo ° 10 = A196 (100-45.1446) = 89.99 ¢o AV HS , 5.89.9 08 H GeaCKts With 94. NQes 19 D » “S49 @ 5