LOTUS SB Hướng Dẫn Kỹ Thuật

Hng dn k thut
Thng 12, 2016

Bn quyn thuc v Hi ng Cng trnh xanh Vit Nam. 2016.
D qu trnh bin son ti liu ny c s tnh ton k lng, VGBC khng chu trch
nhim vi bt c sai st hoc hoc hu qu pht sinh do sai st trong qu trnh s
dng ti liu. VGBC c quyn sa cha, b sung, thay i v cp nht ti liu ny m
khng cn bo trc.
Li ni u
Trong qu trnh nghin cu v pht trin H thng nh gi LOTUS, Hi ng Cng trnh Xanh
Vit Nam (VGBC) tham kho cc h thng nh gi cng trnh xanh ph bin trn th gii.
Mt s h thng c VGBC la chn lm c s pht trin cho LOTUS, bao gm h thng
Green Star ca c, LEED ca Hoa K v GBI ca Malaysia. Mt s h thng khc cng c
tham kho mc t hn nh BREEAM ca Anh, Greenship ca Indonesia v Green Mark
ca Singapore.
VGBC trn trng cm n s h tr ca Hi ng Cng trnh xanh Australia (GBCA), Hi ng

Cng trnh xanh Hoa K (USGBC), Hi ng Cng trnh xanh Th gii (WorldGBC) v Mng
li WorldGBC - Chu Thi Bnh Dng.
VGBC xin cm n s gip v ng h nhit tnh ca nhm t vn k thut. S cng hin ca

h v mt mi trng xy dng bn vng, thch nghi vi bin i kh hu cho Vit Nam chnh l
ng lc quan trng VGBC hon thnh cc mc tiu.
VGBC cm n tt c nhn vin v tnh nguyn vin gip pht trin LOTUS. Nhng ng gp
thm lng ca h t nn mng cho s thay i c bn to nn mt mi trng xy dng
bn vng ti Vit Nam.
VGBC rt bit n s ti tr ca Vin Thnh ph Ton cu - Vin Cng ngh Hong gia
Melbourne (RMIT).
3
LOTUS Cng trnh quy m nh (Bn th nghim) Hng dn k thut
Tc gi v Cng tc vin
Tc gi chnh
Xavier Leulliette
Tc gi h tr
Hugo Fontourcy, Melissa Merryweather, Samantha Miller, V Hng Phong
Cng tc vin
Charles Gallavardin, Nguyn Thanh Dng, H Minh Nht, Nguyn Ch Tam, Nguyn c n,
Nguyn Vn Mun, Nicolas Jallade, Patrick Bivona, Phm Hong Trung, Tim Middleton,
Yannick Millet
Bin dch
Hong Anh T
4
Hi vin VGBC
Hi vin Bch kim
Hi vin Vng
5
Hi vin Bc
Hi vin thng
Archetype Vietnam Ltd Artelia Vietnam Co. Ltd.

Aurecon Bambubuild
B+H Architects Vietnam Bry-Air Malaysia
CAI TIEN XANH Co. Ltd Cat Tuong
CBRE Vietnam Deutsche Bekleidungswerke Limited
DP Consulting Dragon Capital
East Sea Energy Environment Eco Landscape VN
FDC FICO Pan-United Concrete JSC
Indochine Engineering InterfaceFLOR
JINA Architects Kin trc Ni tht Hong Tm
Kirby South East Asia Co., Ltd. Langdon & Seah
Lap Nguyen Corporation Nam JSC
OUT-2 Design Palm Landscape
Ph Qu B.D.Q Quoc Viet Technology JSC
RCR infrastructure Vietnam SEAS Consultants
Sonacons Construction JSC Transform Architecture
TT-As TTT Architects
Tuan Le Construction Co. Ltd Unicons
6
Mc lc
Li ni u................................................................................................................................ 3
Tc gi v Cng tc vin ....................................................................................................... 4
Hi vin VGBC ...................................................................................................................... 5
Mc lc ..................................................................................................................................... 7
M u ................................................................................................................................... 10
Gii thiu v VGBC ............................................................................................................. 10
Gii thiu chung v LOTUS ................................................................................................ 11
Chng nhn Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS ............................................................................ 11
H thng nh gi LOTUS Cng trnh quy m nh ................................................................. 12

Phm vi ............................................................................................................................... 12
iu kin p dng ............................................................................................................... 12
Cc hng mc ..................................................................................................................... 13
iu kin tin quyt ............................................................................................................. 14
Khon ................................................................................................................................. 14
Tnh im ............................................................................................................................ 15
Cc mc chng nhn.......................................................................................................... 15
Quy trnh cp chng nhn ................................................................................................... 16
H s trnh np ................................................................................................................... 18
Cc khon trong LOTUS SB ................................................................................................... 20
Nng lng ............................................................................................................................ 22

E-1 Thit k th ng .......................................................................................................... 25
E-2 V cng trnh ................................................................................................................ 29
E-3 H thng lm mt ......................................................................................................... 32
E-4 Chiu sng nhn to..................................................................................................... 35
E-5 Thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu .......................................................................... 39
E-6 Gim st tiu th nng lng ....................................................................................... 42
Nc ...................................................................................................................................... 43
W-1 Thit b s dng nc hiu qu ................................................................................... 45
W-2 Sn vn s dng nc hiu qu ............................................................................... 46
W-3 Nc ung .................................................................................................................. 48
Vt liu ................................................................................................................................... 49
M-1 Vt liu kt cu cng trnh ............................................................................................ 51
M-2 Tng khng chu lc .................................................................................................. 53
7
M-3 Ca s v ca i.......................................................................................................... 55
M-4 Vt liu lt sn ............................................................................................................. 57
M-5 Vt liu lm mi............................................................................................................ 59
M-6 Thit b ni tht ............................................................................................................ 61
Sc khe & Tin nghi ............................................................................................................. 63

H-1 Cp gi ti ................................................................................................................. 65
H-2 Thng gi ti khu vc m thp ..................................................................................... 67
H-3 Gim st nng CO2.................................................................................................. 69
H-4 Hn ch pht thi VOC ................................................................................................. 71
H-5 Chiu sng t nhin ..................................................................................................... 74
H-6 Tm nhn ra bn ngoi.................................................................................................. 79
Mi trng khu vc ................................................................................................................ 82

LE-1 La chn khu t ........................................................................................................ 85
LE-2 Thit k khu t .......................................................................................................... 89
LE-3 Thm thc vt ............................................................................................................ 92
LE-4 Hiu ng o nhit ..................................................................................................... 95
LE-5 Nc ma chy trn................................................................................................... 97
LE-6 Gim thiu nguy c ngp lt ....................................................................................... 99
LE-7 Mi cht lnh ............................................................................................................ 101
LE-8 Khu tp kt - ti ch rc thi ..................................................................................... 102
Cng ng & Qun l ........................................................................................................... 103

CM-1 Qun l thit k........................................................................................................ 105
CM-2 Qun l xy dng .................................................................................................... 107
CM-3 Qun l vn hnh .................................................................................................... 110
CM-4 H tr ngi khuyt tt tip cn s dng cng trnh................................................ 112
Sng kin ............................................................................................................................. 113

Inn-1 Nng cao hiu nng vt tri ................................................................................... 114
Inn-2 Sng kin/ Cng ngh mi ....................................................................................... 116
Ph lc A: Cc khon Thc tin hiu qu nht ..................................................................... 117

E-BPC-1 Tnh ton OTTV ................................................................................................. 118
E-BPC-2 Nng lng ti to ............................................................................................. 121
E-BPC-3 Gim st tiu th nng lng ............................................................................. 122
E-BPC-4 un nc nng .................................................................................................. 123
W-BPC-1 Thu nc ma .................................................................................................. 125
W-BPC-2 Ti s dng nc sinh hot .............................................................................. 128
H-BPC-1 Tin nghi chiu sng .......................................................................................... 130
H-BPC-2 Tin nghi thnh gic ............................................................................................ 132
8
H-BPC-3 Tm nhn cht lng tt ..................................................................................... 135
CM-BPC-1 LOTUS AP ...................................................................................................... 137
CM-BPC-2 K hoch Qun l Xy dng ton din ............................................................ 138
CM-BPC-3 Chin dch nng cao nhn thc cng ng ..................................................... 139
CM-BPC-4 Khng gian cng cng..................................................................................... 140
Ph lc B: Phng php tnh hiu nng ............................................................................... 141

E-2 V cng trnh .............................................................................................................. 141
E-3 H thng lm mt ....................................................................................................... 144
E-4 Chiu sng nhn to................................................................................................... 147
W-1 Thit b s dng nc hiu qu ................................................................................. 148
W-2 Sn vn s dng nc hiu qu ............................................................................. 153
H-4 Chiu sng t nhin ................................................................................................... 158
LE-7 Mi cht lnh ............................................................................................................ 161
Phn thut ng ..................................................................................................................... 163
9
M u
Gii thiu v VGBC
Hi ng Cng trnh Xanh Vit Nam (VGBC) l mt d n ca Qu Thnh ph Xanh, mt t

chc phi li nhun quc t c tr s ti Oakland, California, Hoa K. Mc tiu ca VGBC l
ng vai tr u mi gia cc c quan nh nc, khi hc thut v khu vc t nhn nhm thit
lp mt mi trng xy dng bn vng v c tnh thch ng trong bi cnh bin i kh hu.
VGBC c B Xy dng nc Cng ha X hi ch ngha Vit Nam chnh thc cng nhn
vo thng 3 nm 2009 v gia nhp Mng li Hi ng Cng trnh xanh Th gii (WGBC) -
Chu Thi Bnh Dng vo thng 9 nm 2009.
VGBC t ra cc mc tiu chnh nh sau:

Nng cao nhn thc v vn ng chnh sch v xy dng cng trnh xanh:
- Nng cao nhn thc v xy dng cng trnh xanh thng qua cc cuc hi tho v ti
nguyn trc tuyn
- H tr c quan Nh nc trong xy dng cc chnh sch v iu lut pht trin cng
trnh xanh
- Tht cht mi quan h gia cc i tc thuc khu vc nh nc, gii hc thut v khu
vc t nhn
Xy dng nng lc:
- Pht trin v thc hin cc chng trnh o to cho khi hc thut v Nh nc
- Xy dng v thc hin chng trnh o to v kim tra T vn Xanh (Chuyn gia T
vn LOTUS)
Xy dng cng c cng trnh xanh cho Vit Nam
- Pht trin cc b cng c nh gi cng trnh xanh (LOTUS)
- Xy dng C s d liu Xanh (bao gm cc sn phm v dch v)
- Tin hnh nghin cu lu di v kh nng chng chu bin i kh hu cho cng trnh
xy dng
10
Gii thiu chung v LOTUS
LOTUS l b cc cng c nh gi cng trnh xanh theo nh hng th trng c Hi ng
Cng trnh Xanh Vit Nam pht trin ring bit cho mi trng xy dng ti Vit Nam.
H thng Chng nhn LOTUS c chung mc tiu vi cc h thng xp hng cng trnh xanh
quc t hin hnh (nh LEED, Green Star, BREEAM, GBI, Green Mark, Greenship, v.v.) v
nhm ti xy dng cc tiu chun v nh mc gip nh hng ngnh xy dng s ti hng
n mc tiu s dng hiu qu ti nguyn thin nhin v cc phng php thn thin vi mi
trng.
H thng Chng nhn LOTUS c pht trin thng qua qu trnh nghin cu lu di, vi s
c vn ca cc chuyn gia da trn bi cnh kinh t v t nhin ca Vit Nam v tun th cc
tiu chun v php lut Vit Nam.
H thng Chng nhn LOTUS hin ti bao gm:

LOTUS Phi nh (LOTUS NR V2.0)
LOTUS Nh Chung c (LOTUS MFR Pilot)
LOTUS Cng trnh ang vn hnh (LOTUS BIO Pilot)
LOTUS Cng trnh quy m nh
Chng nhn Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS

Mt trong nhng vai tr quan trng nht ca VGBC l ging dy v nng cao trnh cho
ngi hnh ngh xy dng v cc vn thit k v xy dng cng trnh xanh. Trng tm
chng trnh o to ca VGBC l Kha o to Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS, kha hc cho
php hc vin c th d thi ly Chng nhn LOTUS Chuyn gia T vn (LOTUS AP).
Cc Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS l cc chuyn vin trong ngnh xy dng, c hiu bit ton
din v quan im, cu trc v ng dng thc t ca Cng c nh gi LOTUS trong vng i
ca mt d n xy dng. Danh sch cc Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS c cng b trn trang
web ca VGBC.
11
H thng nh gi LOTUS Cng trnh quy m nh
Phm vi
LOTUS Cng trnh quy m nh (LOTUS SB) c th c p dng cho cc loi hnh cng trnh
cng cng theo quy nh ca QCVN 03:2012/BXD, bao gm:
Cng trnh gio dc;
Cng trnh y t;
Cng trnh th thao;
Cng trnh vn ha;
Cng trnh thng mi v dch v;
Cng trnh thng tin lin lc, vin thng;
Cng trnh dch v cng cng;
Vn phng, tr s c quan;
iu kin p dng
1. Tnh nguyn vn v ring bit
LOTUS SB ch p dng cho mt cng trnh nguyn vn v ring bit. Mt b phn ca cng
trnh tch bit so vi cc b phn khc cng c th c xem xt nh gi di s hng dn
ca VGBC.
2. Tng din tch sn cng trnh (GFA)
LOTUS SB ch p dng cho cc d n xy dng c GFA nh hn 2500 m2.
3. Cng trnh ci to quy m ln
Cc d n ci to quy m ln c th c nh gi vi b cng c LOTUS SB nu p ng

c mt trong cc iu kin sau:
Hot ng sa cha li c nh hng i vi hn 50% din tch sn (GFA) ca cng trnh
trong bt c thi im no
S sa cha li lm gin on hot ng hoc thay i v tr ca trn 50% tng s ngi
s dng cng trnh
Phn m rng lm tng 30% din tch sn (GFA) ca cng trnh
12
Cc hng mc
LOTUS SB bao gm 6 hng mc (cha bao gm hng mc Sng kin), mi hng mc bao
gm cc khon khc nhau. i vi mi khon, cc tiu ch c th c t ra tng ng vi
mt s im xp hng nht nh.
Nng lng (E) - Gim st v gim mc tiu th nng lng ca cng trnh, v d nh thng
qua gii php thit k th ng, s dng thng gi t nhin v lp t cc thit b tit kim
nng lng (HVAC, chiu sng, un nc nng, v.v).
Nc (W) - Gim mc tiu th nc ca cng trnh nh cc thit b s dng nc hiu qu,

thu nc ma, ti s dng/ ti ch nc v cc bin php lin quan.
Vt liu (M) - Khuyn khch s dng vt liu thn thin vi mi trng v gim s dng cc
vt liu c nng lng hm cha ln thng qua cc gii php nh s dng vt liu ti ch
hoc vt liu ti s dng.
Mi trng khu vc (LE) - Bo v h sinh thi khu vc xy dng cng trnh v xung quanh
cng trnh, khuyn khch hot ng ti ch, kt hp cc gii php thch ng v gim nh tc
ng ln mi trng.
Sc khe & Tin nghi (H) - m bo cht lng mi trng bn trong cng trnh nh ti u
ha chiu sng t nhin, nhit v cht lng khng kh bn trong cng trnh.
Cng ng & Qun l (CM) - Nng cao nhn thc v tc ng ca cng trnh n cng ng
v m bo rng cc mc tiu c t ra trong tng giai on (thit k, xy dng, nghim
thu v vn hnh) c qun l mt cch ton din v hiu qu xuyn sut d n.
Bn cnh cc hng mc trn, hng mc Sng kin (Inn) s thng im cho cng trnh c
hiu sut vt tri cng nh cc sng kin vt yu cu hoc khng c cp c th
trong LOTUS. Hng mc ny bao gm cc im thng.
13
iu kin tin quyt
Khng ging nh cc h thng nh gi khc ca LOTUS, LOTUS SB khng c bt c iu
kin tin quyt no.
Khon
LOTUS l mt h thng tnh im gip nh gi cc d n qua im s t c khi p ng
yu cu ti cc khon ca LOTUS. Cc Khon c xy dng theo cu trc sau: Mc ch,
Yu cu, Tng quan, Tip cn v Thc hin, Tnh ton (ty chn) v H s Trnh np.
D n c coi l p ng yu cu ca mt khon khi t c mc ch ca khon ,

thc hin c cc yu cu v cung cp cc h s trnh np cn thit.
Ty chn v Gii php

D n c th p ng yu cu ca mt s khon thng qua cc Ty chn hoc Gii php
khc nhau. D n ch c th la chn mt Ty chn vi s im tng ng. i vi cc Gii
php, d n c th thc hin ton b hoc mt s gii php tch ly im cho khon (trong
phm vi mc im ti a c quy nh ti Khon ).
Khon thc tin hiu qu nht

LOTUS SB c cc khon thc tin hiu qu nht, nhm thng im cho cc d n p dng
c thc tin hiu qu nht trong thit k v xy dng cng trnh. Cc khon thc tin hiu
qu nht thng yu cu cc tnh ton v ti liu phc tp, i hi n lc ng k v kh thc
hin i vi phn ln cc d n. Do vy, cc d n khng thc hin c cc khon ny s
khng b tr im v khng nh hng n kt qu chung ca chng nhn.
Cc khon Thc tin hiu qu nht c lit k ti Ph lc A.
Phng php tnh hiu nng v Phng php tnh n gin

Ti mt s khon, d n c th thc hin cc ty chn v gii php theo phng php tnh
hiu nng hoc phng php tnh n gin.
Phng php tnh n gin l cch tip cn tng minh, yu cu thc hin cc gii php c
th. Phng php tnh hiu nng l cch tip cn linh hot hn, cho php nhm thit k c
th a ra gii php da trn nhng yu cu ca d n. D n c th p dng Phng php
tnh hiu nng cho mt khon v chn Phng php tnh n gin cho khon khc.
Phng php tnh hiu nng c trnh by ti Ph lc B.
14
Tnh im
H thng tnh im cho LOTUS SB (Bng 1) c lp ra trn c s phn tch k lng cc
cng c nh gi cng trnh xanh khc trong tng quan vi cc vn mi trng c trng
ca ngnh xy dng, s pht trin v tnh hnh bin i kh hu Vit Nam.
Bng 1: Tnh im trong LOTUS SB
Hng mc T l (%) im im thng
Nng lng 27.5% 22 6
Nc 10% 8 3
Vt liu 17.5% 14 0
Sc khe & Tin nghi 15% 12 3
Mi trng khu vc 20% 16 0
Cng ng & Qun l 10% 8 4
Sng kin 0% 0 4
Tng 100% 80 20
Cc mc chng nhn
S im ti a ca LOTUS SB l 80 im, cng vi 20 im thng cho khon thc tin hiu
qu nht v hng mc Sng kin. Cc mc xp hng vn c gi nguyn ging nh cc h
thng xp hng LOTUS mi cng b gn y.
Mc xp hng u tin ca LOTUS SB Chng nhn LOTUS - c n nh ti 40% tng

s im, khng tnh im thng. Gi tr ny phn nh mc thc hin hiu qu u tin v l
mc im ti thiu c cp chng nhn.
Cc mc xp hng tip theo tng ng vi 55% (LOTUS Bc), 65% (LOTUS Vng) v 75%
(LOTUS Bch kim) ca tng s im nh trnh by trong Hnh 1.
Khng t
Chng nhn Bc Vng Bch kim
Chng nhn
0 - 39% 40 - 54% 55 - 64% 65 - 74% 75%
0 - 31 im 32 - 43 im 44 - 51 im 52 - 59 im 60 im
Hnh 1: H thng chng nhn v cc mc xp hng
15
Quy trnh cp chng nhn
Chng nhn LOTUS l quy trnh nh gi chnh thc v hiu nng v tnh thn thin vi mi
trng ca mt d n xy dng da theo tiu chun ca cc h thng nh gi LOTUS.
c cp chng nhn, d n cn trnh np cc h s c yu cu cho n v nh gi
chng minh s p ng cc tiu chun ca LOTUS.
VGBC khuyn khch cc d n np h s xin cp chng nhn LOTUS ngay t cc giai on

khi u ca d n, tt nht l trc giai on thit k. Vic ny gip cho ngi thit k d
dng a ra nhng thay i ph hp nhm ci thin hiu qu ca d n v gip d n t
c mc chng nhn cao hn.
Quy trnh chng nhn LOTUS SB bao gm cc bc sau:

Np n v ng k
Giai on tin nh gi (khng bt buc)
Chng nhn LOTUS (Chnh thc)
Hnh 2: Quy trnh cp chng nhn LOTUS SB
Np n v ng k
Np n v ng k d n vi VGBC l bc u tin ca Chng nhn LOTUS. Bc ny

nn c thc hin t giai on u tin ca d n c th cn nhc p dng cc gii php
xanh mt cch hiu qu nht ngay trong quy hoch v thit k.
Bn ng k cn hon thin n ng k v np cho VGBC. Khi nhn c n ng k,

n v nh gi s kim tra nhm m bo n ng k cng cc thng tin cn thit c
cung cp y .
Ngay khi h s ng k c xc nhn l hp l v y , Bn ng k v n v nh gi

s k Tha thun nh gi & Cp Chng nhn vi cc iu khon cn thit. Bn ng k s
c ra i din Bn ng k lm u mi lin lc chnh vi n v nh gi trong thi gian
thc hin d n.
16
Khi nhn c bn sao c ch k ca Tha thun nh gi & Cp Chng nhn, n v nh
gi s thng bo cho d n v Ph nh gi & Cp Chng nhn. D n cn np y Ph
nh gi & Cp Chng nhn trc khi trnh np cc h s lin quan. Vic ng k d n
hon thnh khi d n np Ph nh gi & Cp Chng nhn. Bn ng k s c cp
mt M D n (PIN) v mt i din n v nh gi s c ch nh lm u mi lin h
trong sut qu trnh nh gi v cp chng nhn.
Giai on tin nh gi
Ngay t giai on thit k, Bn ng k c th chun b cc h s trnh np cho giai on tin

nh gi. y l mt giai on khng bt buc, nhm xc nh d n ang i ng hng vi
cc mc tiu thc t, khng c sai st, m bo kh nng t c chng nhn, v.v.
Ti giai on tin nh gi, ni dung ca cc h s trnh np c gin lc. Bn ng k

nn in vo Cng c ngi dng (c m t bn di trong phn H s trnh np) nh
hng v xc nh mc tiu cho d n v hiu r nhng yu cu cn thc hin c c
th t chng nhn. Ti giai on ny ch c mt s t cc khon c t mc tiu cho
Chng nhn chnh thc c hon thnh, d n cng khng cn trnh np thm bt c loi
ti liu no khc.
Trong vng 10 ngy lm vic, n v nh gi s gi phn hi n Bn ng k v cung cp

mt bo co nh gi bao gm nhng chnh sa, li khuyn v xut. Vic chm im
chnh xc hay chng nhn s khng c thc hin trong giai on tin nh gi.
VGBC khuyn khch cc d n thc hin giai on ny c th t c mc chng nhn

m d n hng ti.
Giai on cp chng nhn
Giai on cp chng nhn l giai on trnh np h s thc t c cp chng nhn

LOTUS SB, thng thc hin vo cui giai on xy dng.
Vng 1
i din Bn ng k cn trnh np bn Cng c ngi dng (User Tool) hon hin cng vi
nhng ti liu c yu cu (c ghi c th trong mc H s trnh np ca mi khon).
H s trnh np s c nh gi bi n v nh gi. Kt qu nh gi s c gi n i
din Bn ng k trong vng 20 ngy lm vic k t ngy np h s. Mc chng nhn
LOTUS SB s c quyt nh da trn kt qu nh gi.
17
Vng 2
Trong trng hp c bt c khon no trong H s trnh np b t chi, hoc Bn ng k

mong mun t im cao hn khon , Bn ng k c php np h s nh gi li
Vng 2. Vng ny l c hi d n cung cp thm thng tin cho n v nh gi, chng
minh cc khon cha t yu cu ti Vng 1 c tha mn. S lng khon c php
b sung l khng hn ch. Bn ng k c khuyn khch trnh np li tt c cc khon
c yu cu nu nh cc khon c thng tin b sung cn thit.
n v nh gi s gi Kt qu nh gi n i din Bn ng k trong vng 20 ngy lm

vic k t ngy np h s. Trong trng hp c bit, Bn ng k c th khiu ni thm
nh li hoc nh gi thm nhiu khon, tuy nhin Bn ng k s phi np chi ph pht sinh.
VGBC s cp Chng nhn LOTUS sau khi Bn ng k vt qua bc nh gi cui

cng. Ty thuc vo s im t c m d n s c cp chng nhn LOTUS cc mc
Chng nhn, LOTUS Bc, LOTUS Vng hay LOTUS Bch kim.
H s trnh np
Cng c ngi dng (User Tool)
Cng c ngi dng LOTUS SB l ti liu chnh ca H s trnh np LOTUS SB. y l mu

Bn ng k c th:
C ci nhn tng qut v LOTUS SB
Hon thin tt c cc thng tin v tnh ton theo yu cu ca cc khon
Cng c ngi dng c pht trin t ng a ra kt qu tnh ton khi ngi dng nhp
vo cc d liu cn thit.
Ti liu
giai on Chng nhn, Bn ng k cn trnh np cc bng chng chng minh s p ng

cc yu cu ca khon m d n la chn. Danh sch cc ti liu cn cung cp c lit k
phn H s trnh np ca mi khon.
Th mc H s trnh np
Sau khi Ph nh gi & Cp chng nhn c thanh ton y v Tha thun nh gi &
Cp Chng nhn c k kt, i din n v nh gi s cung cp cho i din Bn ng
k cc ti liu hng dn np h s km theo cc th mc h s trnh np.
Th mc H s trnh np l th mc chnh cn c gi li cho i din n v nh gi

nh gi khi hon thin. Th mc H s trnh np bao gm 8 th mc con bao gm cc th
mc tng ng vi cc Hng mc ca LOTUS SB v mt th mc Ti liu h tr.
18
Th mc Hng mc
Trong 7 th mc Hng mc, mi th mc bao gm cc bng chng chng minh s p ng

cc yu cu ca khon la chn ca Hng mc.
Th mc Ti liu h tr
Th mc ny cha mt s ti liu c cung cp cho i din Bn ng k:

LOTUS SB Bn th nghim - Cng c ngi dng (User Tool)
Cng c tnh ton OTTV. VGBC khuyn khch s dng cng c ny thc hin cc tnh
ton OTTV cn thit cho khon E-BPC-1 OTTV hoc tnh ton cc gi tr U cho khon E-2
V cng trnh - Phng php tnh hiu nng.
19
Cc khon trong LOTUS SB
Ghi ch: Cc khon Thc tin hiu qu nht s c lit k trong Ph lc A v khng c
nhc n trong danh sch di y.
Khon Tn khon im
NNG LNG 22 im
E-1 Thit k th ng 5
E-2 V cng trnh 4
E-3 H thng lm mt 6
E-4 Chiu sng nhn to 4
E-5 Thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu 2
E-6 Gim st tiu th nng lng 1
NC 8 im
W-1 Thit b s dng nc hiu qu 5
W-2 Sn vn s dng nc hiu qu 2
W-3 Nc ung 1
VT LIU 14 im
M-1 Vt liu kt cu cng trnh 3
M-2 Tng khng chu lc 3
M-3 Ca s v ca i 2
M-4 Vt liu lt sn 2
M-5 Vt liu lm mi 2
M-6 Thit b ni tht 2
SC KHE & TIN NGHI 12 im
H-1 Cp gi ti 2
H-2 Thng gi ti khu vc m thp 1
H-3 Gim st nng CO2 1
H-4 Hn ch pht thi VOC 4
H-5 Chiu sng t nhin 3
H-6 Tm nhn ra bn ngoi 1
20
MI TRNG KHU VC 16 im
LE-1 La chn khu t 5
LE-2 Thit k khu t 2
LE-3 Thm thc vt 2
LE-4 Hiu ng o nhit 2
LE-5 Nc ma chy trn 2
LE-6 Gim thiu nguy c ngp lt 1
LE-7 Mi cht lnh 1
LE-8 Khu tp kt - ti ch rc thi 1
CNG NG & QUN L 8 im
CM-1 Qun l thit k 1
CM-2 Qun l xy dng 3
CM-3 Qun l vn hnh 3
CM-4 H tr ngi khuyt tt tip cn s dng cng trnh 1
SNG KIN 4 im thng
Inn-1 Nng cao hiu nng vt tri
4
Inn-2 Sng kin/ Cng ngh mi
21
Nng lng
Trong bi cnh tc th ha ang gia tng trn ton th gii, cc cng trnh xy dng ang
chim khong 20 - 40% mc tiu th nng lng v trn 30% lng pht thi kh nh knh ton
cu.
Vi mt nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam, tng trng kinh t v tc th ha nhanh

chng mc d gip nng cao cht lng cuc sng cho ngi dn nhng cng ko theo nhu
cu s dng nng lng rt ln. D bo trong giai on 2010 2025, mi nm nhu cu v
nng lng s gia tng 10% v n nm 2025, nhu cu nng lng s cao gp 3 ln thi im
hin ti v sn lng in cn thit cn tng gp 8 ln so vi hin ti p ng yu cu ca
th ha v xy dng.
Thm vo , Vit Nam vn ang ph thuc ch yu vo ngun nhin liu ha thch. Vic t
cc nhin liu ha thch sn xut in s pht sinh nhiu kh nh knh, l nguyn nhn
chnh dn n hin tng m ln ton cu.
Tuy nhin, do ngun tiu th nng lng chnh ca Vit Nam ch yu l cc cng trnh xy
dng ti cc th, chng ta c th lm gim tc ng ca bin i kh hu v ci thin tnh
hnh an ninh nng lng bng cch tch hp cc gii php s dng nng lng hiu qu vo
cng trnh xy dng. Vi cc gii php thit k s dng nng lng hiu qu, cc cng trnh
xy dng hon ton c th tit kim ti 50% in nng tiu th, nh gp phn ci thin tnh
trng bin i kh hu.
Vi mc tiu nh trn, LOTUS SB khuyn khch v cho im vi nhng n lc gim thiu mc

tiu th nng lng thng qua cc gii php thit k th ng, ti u ha hiu sut nhit, kt
hp thng gi t nhin, cc cng ngh s dng nng lng hiu qu cng nh khai thc cc
ngun nng lng bn vng.
22
22
Nng lng
im
Khon Tiu ch im
E-1 Thit k th ng 5 im
Gii php A: Mt ng hng ng v Ty

Din tch mt ng hng ng + Din tch mt ng hng Ty / Tng din tch
1
mt ng 40%
2
mt ng 20%
Gii php B: T s din tch ca s - tng (WWR)
WWR ca mt ng hng Ty v mt ng hng ng nh hn 30% 1
Gii php C: Kt cu chn nng
Cng 1 im khi thc hin c mt trong cc yu cu sau:

- Lp t kt cu chn nng ph hp cho mt ng hng Bc v hng Nam 2
- Lp t kt cu chn nng ph hp cho mt ng hng ng v hng Ty
E-2 V cng trnh 4 im
Gii php A: Truyn nhit qua tng
Ton b tng ngoi c xy dng vi mt hoc nhiu thnh phn trong s

sau: gch AAC, mt lp vt liu cch nhit c dy t nht 40mm, gch rng nh 1
hoc gii php tng ng
Gii php B: Truyn nhit qua mi
Ton b mi c xy dng vi mt hoc nhiu thnh phn trong s sau: mt lp

kh c dy t nht 40mm, mt lp vt liu cch nhit c dy t nht 40mm, 1
mt kt cu chn nng c nh, mi xanh hoc gii php tng ng
Gii php C: Bc x mt tri qua ca s
Ton b ca s c lp t c mt hoc kt hp nhiu thnh phn sau: knh

1
kim sot bc x mt tri hoc knh kp Low-E c h s hp th bc x thp
Gii php D: Bc x mt tri trn b mt khng trong sut
Hn ch bc x mt tri trn 95% din tch b mt khng trong sut 1
23
Khon Tiu ch im
E-3 H thng lm mt 6 im
Gii php A: Lm mt t nhin
Khng lp t h thng iu ha khng kh cho 90% din tch s dng 6
Gii php B: Lm mt c kh bng h thng iu ha khng kh

Tt c iu ha khng kh c trang b my nn bin tn (inverter) 1
- V/HOC -
Tt c iu ha khng kh t t nht 2 sao theo Chng trnh dn nhn nng
1
lng VNEEP
2
lng VNEEP
3
lng VNEEP
E-4 Chiu sng nhn to 4 im
Gii php A: Hiu sut pht sng
Hiu sut pht sng trung bnh cao hn 60 lm/W 1
Gii php B: S dng h thng iu khin chiu sng
Lp t h thng iu khin chiu sng cho cc khng gian trong cng trnh 1
Gii php C: iu khin chiu sng cho khu vc c chiu sng t nhin
Lp t h thng iu khin chiu sng cho cc thit b chiu sng nm trong khu
1
vc c th c chiu sng t nhin
E-5 Thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu 2 im
Gii php A: Thit b c dn nhn s dng nng lng hiu qu
50% thit b c lp t c dn nhn s dng nng lng hiu qu 1
Gii php B: Thit b iu khin ti t ng
Lp t thit b iu khin ti t ng cho 50% cc cm 1
E-6 Gim st tiu th nng lng 1 im
Lp t h thng gim st nng lng gip theo di tiu th in nng 1
24
E-1 Thit k th ng
Mc ch
Tch hp cc gii php thit k gip tn dng li th ca kh hu t nhin v khu t gim
thiu cc yu cu lm mt c kh trong cng trnh, ng thi vn m bo tin nghi cho ngi
s dng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 5 im

1
mt ng 40%
2
mt ng 20%
Cng 1 im khi thc hin c mt trong cc yu cu sau:

- Lp t kt cu chn nng ph hp cho mt ng hng Bc v hng Nam 2
- Lp t kt cu chn nng ph hp cho mt ng hng ng v hng Ty
Tng quan
Mt cng trnh c b tr tt s em li li ch ng k v mi trng. La chn hng, cch

b tr ca s v chn nng ph hp s h tr lm mt th ng nh gim thiu s tip xc vi
bc x mt tri. Gim thiu lng nhit i vo bn trong cng trnh gip tng s thoi mi cho
ngi s dng v gim mc tiu th nng lng.
Tip cn & Thc hin
Cng trnh cn c t vo v tr c th gim thiu din tch mt ng hng ng v Ty.

Mt ng hng Ty l mt ng c hng nm trong khong 45 Bc ca hng Ty v
45 Nam ca hng Ty (phn mu xanh l trong hnh E.1). Mt ng hng ng c
nh ngha theo cch tng t (phn mu xanh dng trong hnh E.1).
Gim din tch vch knh hoc khng t vch knh ti mt ng hng ng v hng Ty.
25
i vi mt ng hng Bc v hng Nam: lp t kt cu chn nng nm ngang c h s A

cao hn 1.3 (theo bng E.1)
i vi mt ng hng ng v Ty: s dng h lam chn nng che ton b chiu cao (vi
cc lam ngang v dc).
Yu cu vi cc hng khc nhau c th hin trong hnh E.1.
Hnh E.1: Cc yu cu trong h thng thit b chn nng cho tng hng cng trnh.
26
Bng E.1: H s A i vi kt cu chn nng nm ngang di lin tc t st mp trn ca s hoc t
cch mp trn ca s mt khong cch d vi d/H 0.1 (Ngun: Bng 2.4, VBEEC)
R=b/H B B hoc TB N hoc TN N

0.10 1.23 1.11 1.14 1.20
0.20 1.43 1.23 1.28 1.39
0.30 1.56 1.35 1.45 1.39
0.40 1.64 1.47 1.59 1.39
0.50 1.69 1.59 1.75 1.39
0.60 1.75 1.69 1.89 1.39
0.70 1.79 1.82 2.00 1.39
0.80 1.82 1.89 2.13 1.39
0.90 1.85 2.00 2.22 1.39
1.00 1.85 2.08 2.27 1.39
Ch thch Bng E.1:

1) Cc kch thc:
b vn xa ca kt cu chn nng;
H chiu cao ca s;
d khong cch t mp trn ca s n mp di ca tm chn nng
b, d v H c cng th nguyn ca di
2) p dng cho trng hp c kt cu chn nng t cch mp trn ca s mt khong cch d
vi d/H 0.1 - sai s tnh ton di 10%.
Lu : i vi tt c cc gii php:
Trong trng hp cng trnh khng c mt ng hng ng hoc hng Ty, cng trnh s
c 2 im cho Gii php A v 2 im cho Gii php B. i vi gii php C, d n ch thc
hin cc yu cu i vi mt ng hng Bc v hng Nam.
Tnh ton
Cc tnh ton s tng i n gin v c minh ha trong v d di y.

Mt cng trnh c tng din tch mt ng 500 m2, trong mt ng hng Ty (khng c ca
s) c din tch 60 m2, mt ng hng ng c din tch 50 m2 vi 20 m2 ca s c chn
nng bng h lam chn nng che ton b chiu cao.
Gii php A: Tnh ton t l din tch mt ng hng ng v hng Ty
60 m2 + 50 m2
T l mt ng hng ng + Mt ng hng Ty = = 22 %
500 m2
T l mt ng hng Ty di 40%, do vy d n t 01 im.
27
Gii php B: Tnh WWR ca mt ng hng ng v hng Ty
20 m2
WWR ca mt ng hng ng v hng Ty = = 18 %
60 + 50 m2
WWR ca mt ng hng ng v hng Ty di 30%, do vy d n t 1 im
Gii php C: D n lp t h lam chn nng che ton b chiu cao cho hng ng,
nhng khng c kt cu chn nng cho mt ng Bc v Nam. Do d n ch t 1 im
cho Gii php C.
Kt qu: D n t tng cng 03 im cho Khon E-1.
H s trnh np

Bn v cho thy kch thc mt ng
nh chp cc mt ng
Gii php B: T s din tch ca s - tng

Bn v cho thy din tch v kch thc ca s
nh chp cc mt ng cho thy v tr ca s

Bn v mt ng v mt bng cho thy v tr v kch thc cc kt cu chn nng
nh chp cc mt ng cho thy cc kt cu chn nng
28
E-2 V cng trnh
Mc ch
m bo vic s dng cc vt liu v k thut ph hp cho lp v cng trnh ti u hiu qu
nhit ca cng trnh.
Yu cu
D n thc hin theo cc yu cu sau hoc p dng phng php tnh hiu nng ti Ph lc B.
Tiu ch 4 im
Ton b tng ngoi c xy dng vi mt hoc nhiu thnh phn trong s sau:
gch AAC, mt lp vt liu cch nhit c dy t nht 40mm, gch rng nh hoc gii 1
php tng ng
Ton b mi c xy dng vi mt hoc nhiu thnh phn trong s sau:
mt lp kh c dy t nht 40mm, mt lp vt liu cch nhit c dy t nht 40mm, mt 1
kt cu chn nng c nh, mi xanh hoc gii php tng ng
Ton b vch knh c lp t c mt hoc kt hp nhiu thnh phn sau:
1
knh kim sot bc x mt tri hoc knh kp Low-E c h s hp th bc x thp
Hn ch bc x mt tri trn 95% din tch b mt khng trong sut 1
Tng quan
V cng trnh l lp ngn cch vt l gia mi trng bn trong v bn ngoi ca cng trnh.
i vi cng trnh c s dng iu ha khng kh, mi trng bn trong c kim sot bi h
thng HVAC, vic duy tr lp cch nhit ph hp gia khng gian bn trong v bn ngoi cng
trnh l mt yu t thit yu.
i vi cng trnh c thng gi t nhin, lp cch nhit s c vai tr km quan trng hn bi
khng kh nng s i vo cng trnh thng qua cc l m. Cc cng trnh vi c th nh vy
nn tp trung hn ch s hp th bc x mt tri trc tip thng qua ti u ha hng cng
trnh, b tr ca s hp l, s dng kt cu chn nng bn ngoi v cc loi vt liu c h s
phn x bc x mt tri cao.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Ton b tng ngoi c xy dng vi mt hoc nhiu thnh phn trong s sau:
Gch AAC
Lp vt liu cch nhit (vt liu c h s dn nhit 0.05 W/m.K) c dy t nht 40mm
Gch rng nh
Vt liu hoc k thut c hiu qu tng ng (cn c s ng thun ca VGBC)
29
Ton b mi c xy dng vi mt hoc nhiu thnh phn trong s sau:

Mt lp kh c dy t nht 40mm
Lp vt liu cch nhit (vt liu c h s dn nhit 0.05 W/m.K) c dy t nht 40mm
Mt kt cu chn nng c nh (c lp t cch b mt mi t nht 0.3 mt to s
thong gi gia mi v tm chn nng)
Mi xanh
Vt liu hoc k thut c hiu qu tng ng (cn c s ng thun ca VGBC)
Ton b h thng vch knh c lp t c mt hoc kt hp nhiu thnh phn sau:

Knh kim sot bc x mt tri
Knh kp Low-E c h s hp th bc x mt tri thp
Knh kim sot bc x mt tri l loi knh c lp ph ngoi cho php nh sng truyn qua ca
s hoc mt ng, ng thi bc x hoc phn x phn ln lng nhit ra mi trng bn
ngoi.
Tng t, knh kp Low-E c h s hp th bc x thp gip gim hp th bc x mt tri,

nhng gi c h s truyn nh sng cao nh lp ph Low-E. Tuy nhin, so vi knh kim
sot bc x mt tri th knh kp c hiu qu nhit tt hn v gip hn ch s truyn nhit qua
ca s.
hn ch tc ng ca bc x mt tri ln mi V tng khng trong sut ca cng trnh,

LOTUS yu cu:
95% din tch mi khng trong sut p ng mt hoc mt s cc yu cu di y:
- C h s phn x bc x mt tri ln hn 0.7
- L mi xanh
- C kt cu chn nng bn ngoi (Cc tm quang in v tm thu nhit mt tri
c coi l kt cu chn nng bn ngoi cho mi khng trong sut)
- V
95% din tch tng khng trong sut p ng mt hoc mt s cc yu cu di y:
- C h s phn x bc x mt tri ln hn 0.4
- L tng xanh
- C kt cu chn nng bn ngoi
Vi gii php ny, do h s phn x bc x mt tri c th khng c nh sn xut cng b

nn mi khng trong sut c mu trng s c mc nh c h s phn x bc x mt tri ln
hn 0.7.
30
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vt liu s dng cho tng ngoi nh bn v hon cng, nh chp,
v.v.
Bng chng cho thy hiu qu nhit ca vt liu c s dng nh ti liu do nh sn xut
cng b, nh chp, v.v.

Bng chng cho thy vt liu s dng cho kt cu mi nh bn v hon cng, nh chp,
v.v.
cng b, nh chp, v.v.

Bng chng cho thy vt liu s dng cho h thng vch knh nh bn v hon cng, nh
chp, v.v.
cng b, nh chp, v.v.

Bng chng cho thy loi b mt khng trong sut c lp t nh bn v hon cng, nh
chp, v.v.
i vi b mt c h s phn x bc x mt tri cao, cung cp bng chng thuyt phc v
h s phn x bc x mt tri nh ti liu do nh sn xut cng b, nh chp, v.v.
31
E-3 H thng lm mt
Mc ch
Gim thiu nhu cu s dng h thng HVAC, tn dng ti a lu thng khng kh t nhin v
khuyn khch vic lp t h thng HVAC s dng nng lng hiu qu.
Yu cu
Lu : Vi Khon E-3, d n c th ty chn s dng phng php tnh n gin hoc
phng php tnh hiu nng cho cc gii php khc nhau.
Tiu ch 6 im
Khng lp t h thng iu ha khng kh cho 90% din tch s dng 6

Tt c iu ha khng kh c trang b my nn bin tn (inverter) 1
- V/HOC -
Tt c iu ha khng kh t t nht 2 sao theo Chng trnh dn nhn nng lng VNEEP 1
Tng quan
Phn ln nng lng tiu th trong mt cng trnh ti Vit Nam phc v cho vic lm mt
khng gian. Vic ci thin lp v cng trnh c th gip gim ti lm mt mt mc nht
nh. Tuy nhin, gii php thng gi t nhin v iu ha khng kh cn c thc hin to
nn khng gian sng thoi mi.
Cc cng trnh c thng gi t nhin tn dng c cc hng gi a phng v hng

cng trnh mang li ngun khng kh trong lnh cho ngi s dng. Gii php ny gim
thiu nng lng tiu th ca cc h thng HVAC, ng thi nng cao cht lng khng kh
trong cng trnh (IAQ).
32
C hai phng thc gip thng gi t nhin cho cng trnh:
Phng thc u tin l thng gi theo hng gi, trong vic s dng cc dng kh t nhin
l phng php chnh gip to nn khng gian c thng gi v tin nghi nhit. Phng thc
ny yu cu nh hng cng trnh tt, cng nh thit k ng kch thc, s lng v v tr
ca cc khong m trn tng v mi.
Phng thc th hai l p dng hiu ng thng gi ng khi, da trn s chnh lch ca mt
khng kh ti cc nhit khc nhau. Khi khng kh nng ln do cc pht sinh nhit bn
trong cng trnh hoc bn trong ng thot nhit, n di chuyn ln trn do mt tng i thp.
Trong kt cu c thit k tn dng c hiu ng ng khi, sc ni lm cho khng kh
nng bay ln v thot ra khi cng trnh thng qua cc l m thng kh ti cc v tr cao trn mt
ng. Chnh lch p sut gia bn trong v bn ngoi s khin cho khi khng kh mt v dy
c hn di chuyn vo bn trong cng trnh qua cc l m v tr thp.
Hnh E.2: Thng gi t nhin bng 2 phng php: thng gi nh hng gi v thng gi ng khi
Cng nh i vi cc h thng iu ha khng kh, da vo mt chu k lm lnh, chng cng

c thit k thay i nhit khng kh v m trong khng gian nhm to nn khng
gian thoi mi hn.
Mt h thng lm mt c thit k v lp t mt cch ph hp, kt hp vi gim ti HVAC,

gip tit kim nng lng v chi ph trong vng i ca cng trnh. Vic la chn cc thit b s
dng nng lng hiu qu ng cch s nng cao hiu qu h thng v s ko di tui th ca
cc thit b. Thay i b lc, lm sch thit b bay hi v ngng t, kim tra thng xuyn
(hng thng) gip gim chi ph bo tr hoc thay th.
33
Tip cn & Thc hin
Gim thiu nng lng s dng cho mc ch lm mt bng cch khng lp t cc h thng
iu ha khng kh.
t im theo phng php ny, d n cn lp t qut trn hoc qut treo tng vi mt
ti thiu l 01 chic cho 20 m2 khng gian s dng khng c trang b iu ha khng kh.
Chn cc h thng iu ha khng kh c trang b my nn bin tn (hay cn gi l inverter cho

iu ha khng kh hai cm) m bo hiu qu ca h thng khi vn hnh khng y ti.
- V / HOC -
La chn h thng iu ha khng kh c dn nhn nng lng theo chng trnh dn nhn
nng lng VNEEP v B Cng thng. Chn h thng t 4 hoc 5 sao m bo hiu qu
cao nht.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy cc khng gian s dng khng c trang b iu ha khng kh nh
nh chp, bn v mt bng, v.v.
Bng chng cho thy v tr lp t qut ti cc khng gian s dng nh nh chp, bn v
mt bng, v.v.
My nn bin tn:
Ti liu k thut v/hoc nh chp cho thy cc thit b c trang b cng ngh bin tn
Bng chng cho thy v tr lp t iu ha khng kh nh nh chp, bn v mt bng, v.v.
- V -
Nhn nng lng ca iu ha khng kh

Ti liu k thut v/hoc nh chp cho thy s sao t c theo chng trnh dn nhn
nng lng VNEEP ca thit b iu ha khng kh c lp t
Bng chng cho thy v tr lp t iu ha khng kh nh nh chp, bn v mt bng, v.v.
34
E-4 Chiu sng nhn to
Mc ch
Gim mc tiu th nng lng ca cc h thng chiu sng nhn to.
Yu cu
i vi Gii php A Hiu sut pht sng: D n thc hin theo cc yu cu sau hoc p dng
phng php tnh hiu nng ti Ph lc B.
Tiu ch 4 im
Lp t h thng iu khin chiu sng cho cc khng gian trong cng trnh 1
Lp t h thng iu khin chiu sng cho cc thit b chiu sng nm trong khu vc c
1
th c chiu sng t nhin
Tng quan
Chiu sng nhn to chim phn ng k trong tng mc tiu th nng lng ca cng trnh.
Vic s dng mc chiu sng ph hp s gp phn m bo sc khe ca ngi s dng
cng nh tnh thm m ca cng trnh. Gim thiu mc nng lng phc v nhu cu chiu
sng cng trnh v ngi s dng l mt gii php hiu qu gip gim bt chi ph vn hnh
chung. S dng chiu sng t nhin khi kh dng gip gim ti s dng in phc v nhu cu
chiu sng (tham kho Khon H-4).
Tip cn & Thc hin
Xc nh thit b chiu sng c hiu sut chiu sng cao (nh n hunh quang T5, n LED,
v.v.).
Hiu sut pht sng l i lng cho bit nng sut pht sng ca mt thit b chiu sng hot
ng bng in, c tnh bng t s gia quang thng (n v lumen, lm) v cng sut in
ca n (n v watt, W). Gi tr hiu sut pht sng thng c ghi r trong cc ti liu k
thut ca thit b chiu sng. Nu khng c thng tin ny, d n cn lin h vi VGBC c
35
hng dn c th. D n s c nh gi cho im ty thuc vo loi thit b chiu sng
c s dng (nh n hunh quang, n LED).
D n thc hin cc yu cu di y (da theo QCVN 09:2013/BXD, Phn 2.3.3 - iu khin

chiu sng, Mc 1 iu khin chiu sng cho cc khng gian trong cng trnh):
Mi khng gian ring bit (khng gian c bao quanh bi cc tm vch ngn cao n trn)
cn phi c t nht mt thit b iu khin chiu sng (c iu khin bng tay hoc cm
bin t ng).
Mi thit b iu khin chiu sng cn phi kim sot mt din tch sn ti a l 100 m2
Cc loi khng gian sau cn phi lp t cm bin ngi iu khin h thng chiu
sng:
- Phng hp trong cc ta nh vn phng v khch sn;
- Hnh lang trong cc ta nh vn phng, khch sn, trng hc v chung c;
- Khu xe trong nh ti cc trng hc v chung c.
Cn lp t mt thit b ng ngt in h thng chiu sng cho ton b cc khng gian.
c th l mt cu dao tng, lp t cnh ca ra vo phng dnh cho nhn vin ngi
cui cng ri khi cng trnh c th ngt in ton b h thng chiu sng; hoc c th s
dng mt thit b iu khin t ng (theo thi gian biu hoc cm bin ngi, v.v.)
Cc cm bin ngi v thit b ngt in cho ton b h thng chiu sng ti cc khng gian
cn c tch bit v khng kt ni vi h thng chiu sng thot him v chiu sng bo v.
Lp t thit b iu khin chiu sng cho thit b chiu sng nm trong khu vc c th c
chiu sng t nhin.
i vi mi khu vc c th c chiu sng t nhin, d n thc him t nht mt trong ba yu

cu sau y:
S dng cm bin nh sng t ng gim sng ca n ty theo mc nh sng t
nhin nhn c.
S dng cm bin nh sng t ng tt n khi nh sng t nhin nhn c vt qu
mc tiu chun i vi khng gian s dng tng ng (v d: 300 lux i vi vn phng).
S dng thit b iu khin bng tay bt tt n ti vng c th c chiu sng t
nhin mt cch ring bit so vi h thng chiu sng chung.
Khu vc c th c chiu sng t nhin bao gm khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ca
s v khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri, c xc nh theo phng php sau:
36
Khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ca s l khu vc nm song song vi vch knh,
trong phm vi c:
- Chiu su vo bn trong cng trnh bng khong cch t ca s ti 2 ln chiu cao t
sn ti im cao nht ca phn knh ca s hoc vch knh
- Chiu rng bng tng chiu rng ca ca s vi cc phn khong cch v hai cnh
bn ca ca s; cc khong cch ny c kch thc bng mt na chiu cao tnh t
- Tr i phn din tch b che chn bi mt vt cn khng trong sut c chiu cao tnh t
sn ln hn hoc bng 1.5 mt
Cch tnh din tch khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ca s c th hin trong hnh
E.3.
Hnh E.3: Tnh ton din tch khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ca s (nhn t pha trn)
Khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri l khu vc bao gm:
- Phn din tch trn sn cng trnh ngay bn di ging tri c kch thc ng bng
din tch l m ly sng ca ging tri (phn gch cho trong hnh E.4)
- Phn din tch v pha cc cnh ca phn din tch nu trn, c kch thc chiu rng
bng 0.7 ln chiu cao trung bnh tnh t sn n trn
- Tr i phn din tch b che chn bi mt vt cn khng trong sut c nh c chiu
cao ln hn mt na khong cch tnh t sn n im thp nht ca ging tri.
im thp nht ca ging tri c tnh t im thp nht ca kt cu hnh ging vi
ging tri c cu trc hnh ging hoc im thp nht ca kt cu ly sng i vi
ging tri khng c cu trc hnh ging.
thun tin cho vic tnh ton din tch khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri,
hnh dng ca khu vc c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri cn tng ng vi hnh
37
dng hnh chiu bng l m ly sng ca ging tri. V d, khu vc c chiu sng t
nhin qua ging tri c hnh ch nht khi ging tri c hnh ch nht, khu vc c chiu
sng t nhin qua ging tri c hnh trn khi ging tri c hnh trn.
Hnh E.4: Tnh ton din tch khu vc c chiu sng qua ging tri vi vt cn khng trong sut c
nh c chiu cao nh hn mt na khong cch tnh t sn n trn
H s trnh np

Thng s k thut ca thit b chiu sng cho thy cng sut in v quang thng
Bng chng cho thy thit b chiu sng c lp t nh nh chp, ha n, bin lai, v.v.

Ti liu do nh sn xut cng b v cc cm bin v/hoc thit b iu khin c lp t
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc cm bin v/hoc thit b iu khin nh nh chp,
bn v hon cng, ha n v.v.
Ti liu do nh sn xut cng b v cc cm bin v/hoc thit b iu khin c lp t
ti cc khu vc c th c chiu sng t nhin
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc cm bin v/hoc thit b iu khin ti cc khu vc
c th c chiu sng t nhin nh nh chp ha n, bin lai, v.v.
38
E-5 Thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu
Mc ch
Gim thiu mc tiu th in nng ca cc thit b trong cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Lp t thit b iu khin ti t ng cho 50% cc cm 1
Tng quan
Thit b gia dng (my vi tnh, t lnh, my ra bt, ti vi, v.v.) chim mt phn ln trong tng
mc tiu th in nng ca cng trnh. Do d n cn la chn k lng cc thit b gia dng
c dn nhn s dng nng lng hiu qu gim thiu mc tiu th in nng v cc tc
ng tiu cc i vi mi trng nhng vn m bo tin nghi cho ngi s dng.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Lp t cc thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu, p dng cho cc loi thit b sau:
Qut
Ti vi
My tnh (my tnh bn v my tnh xch tay)
Mn hnh (Mn hnh my tnh)
My git
T lnh v t ng
My ra bt
Ni cm in
LOTUS cng nhn thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu khi t mt trong cc chng nhn v
nng lng sau (hoc c th chng minh hiu sut tng ng mc ti thiu ca tiu chun):
Energy Star
Nhn nng lng VNEEP vi 4 hoc 5 sao
Nhn nng lng ca Lin minh Chu u vi mc A hoc cao hn
Nhn nng lng EMSD (Hng Kng) vi nhn Hng 1 hoc 2
39
Nhn nng lng EMSDs Voluntary vi nhn Chng nhn (Recognition)
Chng trnh dn nhn nng lng ca c vi nhn 3 sao hoc hn
Chng trnh dn nhn nng lng MEPS ca c i vi sn phm ng k MEPS
Cc nhn nng lng khc (cn c s ng thun ca VGBC)
Lp t thit b iu khin ti t ng cho ti thiu 50% s cm.
Nguyn l chung ca iu khin ti l cung cp hai loi cm khc nhau. Loi th nht kt ni
vi cc mch in c iu khin bi mt thit b c th t ng ngt ti. Loi ny c gi l
cm t ng, c phn bit vi cc cm khc. Cc ti khng c iu khin t ng s
kt ni vi cm thng (khng c iu khin t ng) trnh lm gin on hot ng
ca thit b. Tng t nh i vi cu dao tng ca h thng iu khin chiu sng, ngi s
dng cng trnh cn c th d dng tip cn vi cc cu dao ngt mch th cng thay v
nh vo thit b iu khin t ng.
Theo yu cu ca ASHRAE 90.1-2010, thit b iu khin ti t ng c chc nng t ng

iu khin cc loi thit b sau:
Thit b vn hnh theo thi gian biu c lp trnh sn nh thit b iu khin c chc
nng ngt mch cho cm vo cc thi im xc nh trong ngy (d n c th lp mt
thi gian biu c lp cho cc khu vc c din tch nh hn hoc bng 2320 m2 v khng
ln hn din tch ca mt sn); hoc
Mt cm bin ngi c th ngt mch cho cm trong vng 30 pht sau khi ton b ngi
s dng ri khi khu vc; hoc
Thit b c iu khin bi tn hiu t h thng iu khin hoc h thng cnh bo khc
c chc nng cho bit ton b ngi s dng ri khi khu vc.
i vi cc phng khch sn hoc nh ngh, c th s dng h thng th cha kha c kh

nng ngt in t ng lm thit b iu khin ti t ng.
Tnh ton
D n cn tnh ton t l thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu theo phng php sau:
Xc nh v tnh tng cng sut ti a ca ton b cc thit b c p dng cho khon
Xc nh v tnh tng cng sut ti a ca ton b cc thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu
Tnh t l thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu theo cng thc sau:

[%] =

PEE = Tng cng sut ti a ca ton b cc thit b s dng nng lng hiu qu [W]
PT = Tng cng sut ti a ca ton b cc thit b [W]
40
Tnh tng s cm in ca d n (NT)
Tnh s cm in c s dng thit b iu khin ti t ng (NPLC)
Tnh s cm in dnh cho cc thit b hot ng 24 gi mi ngy hoc nm trong khu vc
m vic t ng ngt mch s gy nh hng ti s an ton hoc an ninh ca phng hoc
cng trnh (NE)
S dng cng thc sau thc hin tnh ton chng minh s p ng yu cu:
NPLC
50 %
T E
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc thit b nu trn nh nh chp, ha n, v.v.

Bng chng cho thy cc thit b nn trn c chng nhn v dn nhn s dng nng
lng hiu qu nh nh chp, thng s k thut, v.v.
41
E-6 Gim st tiu th nng lng
Mc ch
Gip tip cn cc thng tin v s dng nng lng v khuyn khch tit kim nng lng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Lp t h thng gim st nng lng gip theo di tiu th in nng 1
Tng quan
Thit b gim st nng lng l thit b gip a ra thng tin v tiu th in nng trong cng
trnh. Phn ln cc thit b gim st cho php hin th mc tiu th in nng (kWh) theo thi
gian thc, chi ph hoc lng pht thi cc-bon. Nhiu nghin cu chng minh rng d liu
thi gian thc gip thay i hnh vi ca ch s hu v gim mc tiu th nng lng ca ngi
nh. Cc h thng gim st nng lng tin tin cn c th cung cp thng tin v nng lng
tiu th ca tng phng v thit b c th.
Tip cn & Thc hin
H thng gim st nng lng cn c lp t v cn c:

Thit b hin th c b tr mt cch tin li cho ch s hu cng trnh - HOC - c th gi
thng tin n mt my tnh c nhn
Kh nng cung cp thng tin thi gian thc v tiu th in nng trong cng trnh
Cng thc tnh ton phn tch s liu nh k (hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng hoc
hng nm)
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t thit b gim st nng lng nh nh chp, ha n, v.v.
Bng chng nh nh chp, thng s k thut, v.v. cho thy thit b gim st nng lng c
th phn tch d liu v truyn d liu ti mn hnh hin th hoc my tnh c nhn
42
Nc
Tnh trng khan him nc, v c s lng v cht lng, ang dn tr thnh mt nguy c
ln, e da n an ninh lng thc v nng lng ti nhiu nc khu vc ng Nam . D
bo n nm 2025, nhiu vng lu vc sng s ri vo tnh trng hn hn trm trng. Ngun
nc ngm cng ang suy gim nhanh chng.
D Vit Nam vn c coi l quc gia c ngun ti nguyn nc di do vi h thng sng

ngi dy c, mi y Chnh ph cng cng b tnh trng thiu nc sch. Ngun nc d
tr ch p ng mc 4000 m3/ngi/nm, trong khi mc trung bnh trn th gii l 7000
m3/ngi/nm. Hn th na, tnh trng thiu nc theo ma cng ang ngy cng trm trng
hn do nhu cu s dng nc rt ln cng tnh trng nhim ngun nc v nh hng ca
bin i kh hu, c bit ti cc khu vc ng dn c nh ng bng sng Hng hay vng
trng la ln nh ng bng sng Cu Long. Do hai vng ng bng ny l ni sn xut la
go chnh ca Vit Nam, tnh trng thiu nc s tr thnh mi e da n an ninh lng thc.
Vi tnh trng khan him nc sch Vit Nam, gi nc sch s tng cao trong tng lai.
Chnh v vy, cng trnh xy dng s dng nc hiu qu khng nhng s m bo tnh bn
vng ca cng trnh m cn gip gim chi ph vn hnh. Hn na, cng trnh s dng nc
hiu qu s lm gim lng nc thi, gim p lc cho h thng thot nc c k, lc hu
ti nhiu khu vc th.
Nhn nh c tnh hnh hin ti, LOTUS ch trng vo vn gim thiu tiu th nc v
nhn mnh iu ny trong cc yu cu ca hng mc Nc. Cc khon trong hng mc ny
nhm khuyn khch d n s dng cc thit b v sn vn s dng nc hiu qu.
43
Nc 8 im
Khon Tiu ch im
W-1 Thit b s dng nc hiu qu 5 im
Lp t cc thit b sau:
- 2 im: WC hai ch x c lu lng x thp
5
- 2 im: vi nc phng bp v phng tm c lu lng chy thp
- 1 im: vi hoa sen c lu lng chy thp
W-2 Sn vn s dng nc hiu qu 2 im
Gii php A: La chn cy trng
La chn cy trng gip gim yu cu ti nc 1
Gii php B: H thng ti s dng nc hiu qu
Lp t h thng ti s dng nc hiu qu 1
W-3 Nc ung 1 im
Lp t mt h thng lc nc ung cung cp cho t nht mt vi nc
1
trong nh
44
W-1 Thit b s dng nc hiu qu
Mc ch
Gim mc tiu th nc trong cng trnh nh cc thit b s dng nc hiu qu.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 5 im
Lp t cc thit b sau:
- 2 im: WC hai ch x c lu lng x thp
5
- 2 im: vi nc phng bp v phng tm c lu lng chy thp
- 1 im: vi hoa sen c lu lng chy thp
Tng quan
Tr lng nc ngt trn th gii c hn v ngy cng b nhim. Vic tch hp cc bin
php gim lng nc s dng trong thit k cng trnh s c th lm gim s ph thuc vo
ngun cung cp nc cng nh gim chi ph vn hnh.
Tip cn & Thc hin

D n c th lp t cc thit b sau:
WC hai ch x c lu lng x thp hn (hoc bng) 3 / 4.5 lt mt ln x
Vi hoa sen c lu lng chy thp hn (hoc bng) 0.14 lt mi giy
Vi nc phng tm v phng bp c lu lng chy thp hn (hoc bng) 0.12 lt mi
giy
H s trnh np
D liu ca nh sn xut v cc thit b s dng nc hiu qu c lp t cho thy

lng nc s dng ca thit b (lu lng chy, lu lng x v/hoc lng nc s
dng khi y ti)
Bng chng cho thy cc thit b s dng nc hiu qu c lp t nh hnh nh, ha
n, bin lai, v.v.
45
W-2 Sn vn s dng nc hiu qu
Mc ch
Gim lng nc sinh hot s dng cho vic ti sn vn.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
La chn cy trng gip gim yu cu ti nc 1
Lp t h thng ti s dng nc hiu qu 1
Tng quan
Vic ti sn vn c th l mt ngun tiu th nc ng k ca khu vc cng trnh. Do ,
ct gim nhu cu ti sn vn s lm gim ng k tng mc tiu th nc. Phng php
gip ct gim nhu cu ny c th p dng nh s dng cnh quan chu hn v trng cc loi
cy bn a thch nghi tt vi kh hu a phng. p dng cc cng ngh v k thut ti
hiu qu cho cc khu vc cn c ti tiu. Ngoi ra c th s dng cc ngun nc khng
phi nc sinh hot phc v ti sn vn nh nc ti ch hoc nc ma tch tr c.
Tip cn & Thc hin

D n c th ct gim lng nc sinh hot s dng cho ti sn vn thng qua mt s gii
php khc nhau. Ti khon ny, bn ng k c th chng minh vic ct gim mc tiu th
nc nh kt hp bt k gii php no c nu ra sau y.

La chn loi cy trng ph hp gim nhu cu ti nc:
Trng cc loi cy thch nghi vi kh hu (cy bn a hoc cy du nhp vo Vit Nam)
gim nhu cu ti nc. Loi cy chu hn tiu biu nh:
- Cy mng nc: xng rng, l hi, h thu du...
- Cy h keo: keo l trm v keo tai tng l hai loi cy h keo c trng ph bin
nht Vit Nam.
Gim din tch bi c, do c thng tiu th nhiu nc

Lp t cc h thng ti s dng nc hiu qu trong trng hp kh dng, gip tit kim
nc mt cch ng k. V d nh:
46
S dng h thng ti nh git hoc c sc kh gip a nc trc tip n gc cy. Gii
php ny tiu th nc t hn 30% n 50% so vi cc h thng ti phun thng thng.
H thng ti c trang b mt trong nhng thit b sau:
- ng h iu chnh bng tay vi khong thi gian ti a l 02 gi; hoc
- ng h t ng, s dng mt cm bin o m ca t hoc cm bin ma
ngn vic h thng vn hnh trong khi tri ma hoc ti ni t c m
duy tr vic tng trng ca cy trng
Ti bng tay, s dng bnh ti nc hoc vi phun kim sot dng nc
Nn thc hin theo cc nguyn tc qun l h thng ti ti sau y:

Lp k hoch ti nc da trn hiu bit v c tnh cy trng gim lng nc ti
Ti nc vi lu lng ph hp khng gy ngp ng v chy trn
Khng ti nc khi t m cn thit duy tr s tng trng ca cy trng
Ti ng cch nc khng chy ln cng trnh hoc cc b mt cng
Khng ti nc khi c gi mnh do s phn b nc ca cc h thng ti b nh hng
Ch ti vn c lp ph ph hp gim s bay hi ca nc
H s trnh np
K hoch thit k sn vn km theo danh sch tt c cc loi cy trng

Bng chng v h thng ti s dng nc hiu qu nh nh chp, d liu ca nh sn
xut, v.v.
47
W-3 Nc ung
Mc ch
Gim mc tiu th nc ung ng chai v ci thin cht lng nc ung.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Lp t mt h thng lc nc ung cung cp cho t nht mt vi nc trong nh 1
Tng quan
Do cht lng nc my cung cp cho cc h gia nh cn thp nn tiu th nc ung ng
chai vn cn mc cao. Vic s dng nc ung ng chai c nh tiu cc n mi trng
do pht thi cc ha cht vo mi trng t nhin trong qu trnh sn xut cng nh tiu hy
chai nha.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Nc sch th vn c th cha nhiu cht nhim nh kim loi ha tan (ch, st), nitrat, clo
v cc loi mui khong. Ngoi ra cn c th xut hin cc cht c hi nh sunpht, thy ngn,
amiang v thch tn.
Cn lp t mt h thng lc ph hp c c nc ung sch. H thng lc ti thiu cn

c cc li lc c th loi b cc cht nh:
bi, cn v r
kim loi nng
clo
vi khun
Nn s dng h thng lc nc bao bm cc b lc nh lc ct, lc thm thu ngc hay lc

bng than hot tnh.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t h thng lc nc nh nh chp, ha n, v.v.
Thng s k thut ca sn phm cho thy cc loi li lc c s dng trong h thng lc
48
Vt liu
Trong vng i ca bt c vt liu xy dng no, cc hot ng nh khai thc, sn xut, vn

chuyn cng nh s dng v tiu hy u c tc ng tiu cc n mi trng. c bit l
hot ng khai thc nguyn liu th, khng nhng hy hoi cc h sinh thi, lm nhim khng
kh v nc m cn lm suy gim ngun nng lng v ti nguyn thin nhin. Chnh v vy,
gim nh nh hng tiu cc ca xy dng n mi trng, vic s dng vt liu c ngun
gc t cc ngun nguyn liu th cn phi hn ch.
Vi tc th ha ln n 28% v din tch th m rng thm gp i vo nm 2020 (theo

B Xy dng), s lng cc khu cng trng ang gia tng ti tt c cc vng min ca Vit
Nam. Xu hng pht trin ny ko theo nhu cu v vt liu xy dng tng khong 10%/nm
(Hip hi Vt liu Xy dng Vit Nam). Tuy nhin, s pht trin ny s khng bn vng v a
s vt liu xy dng trn th trng ph thuc vo khai thc nguyn liu th. Hn na, cc m
hnh khai thc ny thng c quy m nh v cng ngh sn xut lc hu, dn n lng ph ti
nguyn v gy nhim mi trng.
Vi mc tiu chnh l tit kim vt liu xy dng, hng mc Vt liu ca LOTUS khuyn khch
s dng cc gii php v vt liu khng nhng c ngun gc ti s dng/ti ch m cn bn
vng v d tip cn. Ngoi ra, vic qun l nguyn vt liu v qu trnh xy dng cng c th
hn ch ng k tc ng tiu cc ca d n n mi trng.
Hng mc Vt liu ca LOTUS gm hai mc tiu chnh, bao gm gim thiu s dng cc vt
liu sn xut t ngun nguyn liu th v khuyn khch s dng cc loi vt liu bn vng, tiu
tn t nng lng v gim pht thi xy dng. t c nhng mc tiu trn, hng mc Vt
liu khuyn khch vic s dng li nhng vt liu xy dng v kt cu sn c, s dng vt liu
ti ch, vt liu t nhng ngun bn vng v vt liu khng nung.
49
Vt liu 14 im
Khon Tiu ch im
M-1 Vt liu kt cu cng trnh 3 im
40% vt liu kt cu l vt liu bn vng 1

Cng 1 im cho mi 20% tng thm ca vt liu kt cu l vt liu bn vng
3
(ti a 80%)
M-2 Tng khng chu lc 3 im
40% tng khng chu lc s dng vt liu bn vng 1

Cng 1 im cho mi 20% tng thm ca tng khng chu lc s dng vt
3
liu bn vng (ti a 80%)
M-3 Ca s v ca i 2 im
40% ca s v ca i s dng vt liu bn vng 1
M-4 Vt liu lt sn 2 im
40% vt liu lt sn l vt liu bn vng 1
M-5 Vt liu lm mi 2 im
40% vt liu lm mi l vt liu bn vng 1
M-6 Thit b ni tht 2 im
25% tng s thit b ni tht s dng vt liu bn vng 1
50
M-1 Vt liu kt cu cng trnh
Mc ch
Khuyn khch v cng nhn cc cng trnh xy dng s dng vt liu bn vng cho kt cu
cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
Tng quan
Vic s dng cc vt liu trong xy dng cng trnh c nh hng ln n cc ngun nguyn
liu th v tiu tn nhiu nng lng sn xut. Do vy, kt cu cng trnh nn c lm t
cc loi vt liu t s dng nguyn liu th v c nng lng hm cha thp.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon M-1 c th c p dng cho vt liu kt cu ca:
Mng
Ct
Dm
Cc kt cu chu lc mi
Sn v sn ph
Tng chu lc
Trong phm vi ca khon ny, cc loi vt liu bn vng bao gm:

Vt liu ti to nhanh: l vt liu xy dng t nhin, c th trng v thu hoch trong
vng 10 nm nh tre, bn, da, v.v.
G t cc ngun bn vng: tt nht l t cc ngun c khuyn ngh bi Hi ng
Qun l Rng (FSC) ti Vit Nam, Chng trnh ph duyt cc quy trnh chng ch rng
(PEFC), Hi ng Chng nhn G Malaysia (MTCC) v mt s t chc khc.
Vt liu ti s dng
Vt liu c t nht 10% thnh phn ti ch tin tiu th hoc 5% thnh phn ti ch hu
tiu th
Vt liu c khai thc, thu hoch v sn xut ti a phng
Vt liu khng nung (ch p dng cho tng) nh gch b tng, tm thch cao, b tng
kh chng p, v.v.
51
Tnh ton
Tnh ton da theo th tch hoc khi lng. n v tnh ton la chn phi c s dng
mt cch thng nht trong ton b qu trnh tnh ton. S dng phng php sau xc nh
t l vt liu xy dng bn vng:
Xc nh th tch/ khi lng vt liu kt cu cn thit ca d n

Xc nh th tch/ khi lng vt liu bn vng s dng cho kt cu cng trnh
Biu din s cc s liu v vt liu theo mu (Bng M.1) v tnh ton t l vt liu bn vng
theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

Ss = Lng vt liu bn vng s dng cho kt cu cng trnh [m3 hoc kg]
Stot= Tng lng vt liu s dng cho kt cu cng trnh [m3 hoc kg]
Bng M.1: V d v tnh ton t l vt liu kt cu bn vng ca cng trnh
Vt liu kt cu Th tch vt liu bn vng

L vt liu bn vng? Th tch [m3]
cng trnh [m3]
B tng Khng 30 0
> 5% thnh phn ti ch

Ct thp 20 20
hu tiu th
Thp kt cu mi Ti s dng 2 2
Tng 52 22
T l vt liu kt cu bn vng (%) 42%
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vt liu s dng l vt liu bn vng nh nh chp, ti liu do nh
sn xut cng b, v.v.
Bng chng cho thy vic s dng cc loi vt liu nu nh nh chp, ha n, v.v.
52
M-2 Tng khng chu lc
Mc ch
Khuyn khch v cng nhn cc cng trnh xy dng s dng vt liu bn vng cho cc tng
khng chu lc.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
Tng quan
liu th v tiu tn nhiu nng lng sn xut. Do vy, tng khng chu lc ca cng trnh
nn c lm t cc loi vt liu t s dng nguyn liu th v c nng lng hm cha thp.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon M-2 c th c p dng cho vt liu s dng cho:
Tng v vch ngn (vch ngn khng chu lc)
Vch ngn toa-lt; vch ngn phng tm
Cu thang trong cng trnh
Vt liu p tng, nh gch, g, p chn tng. v.v.
Khon M-2 khng p dng cho cc loi vt liu sau:

Vt liu che ph tng nh sn, giy dn tng, nha vinyl v vi
Vt liu cch nhit
Bn cnh , khon M-2 cng khng p dng cho cc yu t chu lc, cc khong m, h
thng c, in hoc bt k yu t no khng c lit k trn y.

G t cc ngun bn vng
Vt liu ti s dng
tiu th
53
Vt liu khng nung nh gch b tng, tm thch cao, b tng kh chng p, v.v.
Tnh ton
Tnh ton c thc hin da trn din tch tng khng chu lc (m2). S dng phng php
sau xc nh t l vt liu xy dng bn vng:
Xc nh ton b din tch tng khng chu lc

Xc nh din tch tng khng chu lc s dng vt liu bn vng
Biu din cc s liu v vt liu theo mu (Bng M.2) v tnh ton t l vt liu bn vng
theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

W b = Din tch tng khng chu lc s dng vt liu bn vng [m2]

W tot= Tng din tch tng khng chu lc ca cng trnh [m2]
Bng M.2: V d v tnh ton t l tng khng chu lc s dng vt liu bn vng
Tng khng chu lc Din tch tng s dng

L vt liu bn vng? Din tch tng [m2]
ca cng trnh vt liu bn vng [m2]
Tm thch cao Thnh phn ti ch 50 50
Gch t st Khng 30 0
Gch b tng Vt liu khng nung 90 90
Tre p tng Ti to nhanh 20 20
Tng 190 160
T l tng khng chu lc bn vng (%) 84%
H s trnh np
sn xut cng b, v.v.
54
M-3 Ca s v ca i
Mc ch
Khuyn khch v cng nhn cc cng trnh xy dng s dng vt liu bn vng cho cc ca s
v ca i.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Tng quan
liu th v tiu tn nhiu nng lng sn xut. Do vy, ca s v ca i ca cng trnh nn
c lm t cc loi vt liu t s dng nguyn liu th v c nng lng hm cha thp.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon M-3 c th c p dng cho cc b phn gm khung ca s, ca i v khung ca i.

Ca s v ca i ti s dng (c th tn dng t cng trnh trc hoc mua t ca
hng c)
tiu th
G t cc ngun bn vng
Mt sn phm c nh gi l sn phm bn vng khi c t nht 50% khi lng c lm t

vt liu bn vng.
Tnh ton
Tnh ton c thc hin da trn din tch khung ca s, ca i v khung ca i (m2).
Din tch khung ca s, ca i v khung ca i c tnh bng cch nhn chiu rng vi chiu
cao ca kt cu.
55
T l ca s v ca i c lm t vt liu bn vng c tnh theo phng php sau:
Tnh din tch ca khung ca s, ca i v khung ca i ca cng trnh

Tnh din tch ca khung ca s, ca i v khung ca i c lm t vt liu bn vng
Biu din cc s liu v ca s v ca i theo mu (Bng M.3) v tnh t l ca s v ca
i c lm t vt liu bn vng theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

W s = Din tch ca s v ca i c lm t vt liu bn vng [m2]

W tot = Tng din tch ca s v ca i ca cng trnh [m2]
Bng M.3: V d v tnh ton t l ca s v ca i c lm t vt liu bn vng
Din tch ca lm t
Ca s v ca i L vt liu bn vng? Din tch [m2]
vt liu bn vng [m2]
Ca phng bp Ti s dng 2 2
10% thnh phn ti ch

Khung thp ca i 0.5 0.5
tin tiu th
Ca i phng ng Vt liu ti to nhanh (tre) 3 ca i x 2 m2 6
Ca i chnh Khng 3 0
Tng 11.5 8.5
T l ca s v ca i lm t vt liu bn vng (%) 74%
H s trnh np
sn xut cng b, v.v.
56
M-4 Vt liu lt sn
Mc ch
Khuyn khch v cng nhn cc cng trnh xy dng s dng vt liu bn vng lm vt liu lt
sn.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Tng quan
liu th v tiu tn nhiu nng lng sn xut. Do vy, vt liu lt sn ca cng trnh nn
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon M-4 c th p dng cho cc loi vt liu lt sn di y:
Vt liu p sn (c nh, b tr v khng c nh) nh: thm, g, sn nha, sn cng, v.v.
Vt liu lt sn (lp vt liu lt bn di cc tm p sn)
B tng mt ngoi (phn din tch sn b tng khng c p, c th c nh bng
hoc ph kn nu cn thit)
Lu : Khng p dng cho cc tm thm tri sn c chiu di di 2 mt, vt liu ph v sn.

Vt liu ti s dng (gch p, g p sn, thm, v.v)
tiu th
B tng mt ngoi (gip loi b nhu cu s dng thm cng nh hnh thc p sn)
57
Tnh ton
Tnh ton c thc hin da trn din tch lt sn (m2). T l sn c lt bng vt liu bn
vng c tnh theo phng php sau:
Tnh tng din tch lt sn ca cng trnh
Tnh din tch lt sn s dng vt liu bn vng
Biu din cc s liu v vt liu lt sn theo mu (Bng M.4) v tnh t l din tch sn s
dng vt liu bn vng theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

Fs = Din tch lt sn s dng vt liu bn vng [m2]

Ftot = Tng din tch lt sn ca cng trnh [m2]
Ch : Cn tnh ton tt c din tch vt liu p sn, vt liu lt sn v b tng mt ngoi.

Tng din tch lt sn c th ln hn din tch sn bn trong cng trnh.
Bng M.4: V d v tnh ton t l din tch lt sn s dng vt liu bn vng
Din tch lt sn s dng

Vt liu lt sn L vt liu bn vng? Din tch lt sn [m2]
vt liu bn vng [m2]
Tm p bng tre Vt liu ti to nhanh 70 70
B tng mt ngoi B tng mt ngoi 20 20
Thm Ti s dng 5 5
Gch men Khng 80 0
G cng nghip
Khng 30 0
(laminate)
Tng 205 95
T l vt liu lt sn bn vng (%) 46.3 %
H s trnh np
sn xut cng b, v.v.
58
M-5 Vt liu lm mi
Mc ch
Khuyn khch v cng nhn cc cng trnh xy dng s dng vt liu bn vng thi cng mi
cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Tng quan
liu th v tiu tn nhiu nng lng sn xut. Do vy, vt liu lm mi ca cng trnh nn
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon M-5 c th p dng cho cc yu t bao gm vt liu lp mi, kt cu chn nng cho mi
v cu phong.
Ngoi l: Khon M-5 khng p dng cho cc kt cu chu lc, vt liu cch nhit v lp chng
thm (lp bo v b sung cho mi, t bn trn cu phong).

Vt liu ti to nhanh: l vt liu xy dng t nhin, c th trng v thu hoch trong vng
10 nm nh tre, bn, da, v.v.
Vt liu ti s dng (tm lp kim loi, ngi gch, cu phong bng g, ngi nha, v.v)
tiu th
Tnh ton
Tnh ton da trn din tch vt liu lm mi (m2). T l din tch vt liu lm mi l vt liu bn
vng c xc nh theo phng php sau:
59
Tnh tng din tch vt liu lm mi ca cng trnh
Tnh din tch vt liu lm mi l vt liu bn vng
Biu din s liu v vt liu lm mi theo mu (Bng M.5) v tnh t l vt liu lm mi l vt
liu bn vng theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

Rs = Din tch vt liu lm mi l vt liu bn vng [m2]

Rtot = Tng din tch vt liu lm mi ca cng trnh [m2]
Ch : Tnh ton din tch vt liu lp mi, kt cu chn nng cho mi v cu phong. Tng din
tch vt liu lm mi c th ln hn din tch mi ca cng trnh.
Bng M.5: V d v tnh ton t l vt liu lm mi bn vng

Din tch vt liu Din tch vt liu lm mi
Vt liu lm mi L vt liu bn vng
lm mi [m2] bn vng [m2]
Kt cu chn nng cho mi
Ti s dng 40 40
bng kim loi
Mi b tng Khng 35 0
Tng 75 40
T l vt liu lm mi bn vng (%) 53.3%
H s trnh np
sn xut cng b, v.v.
60
M-6 Thit b ni tht
Mc ch
Khuyn khch v cng nhn cc cng trnh xy dng s dng vt liu bn vng cho cc thit b
ni tht.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Tng quan
liu th v tiu tn nhiu nng lng sn xut. Do vy, thit b ni tht nn c lm t cc
loi vt liu t s dng nguyn liu th v c nng lng hm cha thp.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon M-6 c th c p dng cho tt c cc loi thit b ni tht c nh (t c nh, t
tng, v.v.) v thit b nt tht khng c nh (gh, bn, t nh, v.v.).

Thit b ni tht ti s dng (c th tn dng t cng trnh ban u hoc mua t ca hng
c)
Thit b ni tht lm t vt liu ti ch (thnh phn ti ch chim trn 50% khi lng ca
thit b)
Thit b ni tht lm t vt liu ti to nhanh, nh tre, bn, da, v.v. (vt liu ti to nhanh
chim trn 50% khi lng ca thit b)
Thit b ni tht c lm t g t cc ngun bn vng: tt nht l t cc ngun c
khuyn ngh bi Hi ng Qun l Rng (FSC) ti Vit Nam, Chng trnh ph duyt cc
quy trnh chng ch rng (PEFC), Hi ng Chng nhn G Malaysia (MTCC) v mt s
t chc khc (g t ngun bn vng chim trn 50% khi lng ca thit b)
Tnh ton
Tnh ton c thc hin da trn s lng thit b ni tht.
T l thit b ni tht lm t vt liu bn vng trong d n xy dng c tnh ton theo

phng php sau:
61
Tnh tng s thit b ni tht ca d n
Tnh s lng thit b ni tht lm t vt liu bn vng
Biu din s liu v vt liu theo mu (Bng M.6) v tnh t l thit b ni tht lm t vt liu
bn vng theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

Us = Tng s thit b ni tht bn vng ca d n

Utot = Tng s thit b ni tht ca d n
Bng M.6: V d v tnh t l thit b ni tht lm t vt liu bn vng

S lng thit b
Thit b L sn phm bn vng? S lng thit b
t yu cu
Gi sch C (ti ch) 25 25
T Khng 20 0
K bp C (hn 50% lm t tre) 30 30
Tng 75 55
T l thit b ni tht bn vng (%) 73%
H s trnh np
sn xut cng b, v.v.
62
Sc khe & Tin nghi
Trong bn Hng dn v Cht lng khng kh (Air Quality Guidelines Xut bn ln th 2),
T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) cnh bo rng phn ln cht gy nhim khng kh m con
ngi tip xc xut pht t mi trng bn trong nh. Ngoi cht lng khng kh, nhim
ting n v nh sng cng gy nh hng n ngi s dng cng trnh cng nh cng ng
xung quanh. Trong bi cnh th ha nhanh chng ti Vit Nam, B Xy dng d bo dn s
th s tng thm 45% trong vng 20 nm ti. Xu hng ny ko theo tnh trng mt lng
ln dn c s dnh nhiu thi gian hn trong cc cng trnh xy dng. Nh vy, cht lng
cuc sng ca ngi dn cng ph thuc nhiu hn vo cht lng mi trng trong nh
(IEQ).
Phng php hiu qu nht m bo nng sut lao ng l gi gn v nng cao cht lng
mi trng trong nh. Ci thin IEQ s lm gim nguy c mc cc bnh nh hen suyn, d
ng, bnh ng h hp cng nh cc bnh gy ra do iu kin mi trng lm vic khng
m bo, c gi chung l SBS (Sick Building Syndrome Hi chng bnh vn phng).
Tt c cc khon trong hng mc Sc khe & Tin nghi ca LOTUS SB u hng ti ci thin
mi trng trong nh cho cng trnh xy dng. S ci thin nhm vo bn kha cnh khc nhau
ca mi trng trong nh. Kha cnh u tin v quan trng nht l cht lng khng kh trong
nh. Cng trnh phi m bo khng kh trong nh sch v trong lnh, khng c ha cht c
hi v bi bn. Ngoi ra, mt mi trng trong nh lnh mnh phi m bo s tin nghi v th
gic, thnh gic v nhit cho phn ln ngi s dng.
63
Sc khe & Tin nghi 12 im
Khon Tiu ch im
H-1 Cp gi ti 2 im
Cp gi ti cho ti thiu 90% tng din tch s dng ca cng trnh 2
H-2 Thng gi ti khu vc m thp 1 im
Thng gi cho khu vc m thp vi h thng thot kh cc b hoc ca s c
1
th m ra bn ngoi
H-3 Gim st nng CO2 1 im

Xc nh v lp t h thng gim st nng CO2 1
H-4 Hn ch pht thi VOC 3 im
S dng sn phm c hm lng VOC thp cho cc loi sn phm sau (1
im cho mi loi sn phm):
A. Sn v lp ph
3
B. Cht kt dnh v chng thm
C. Cu kin sn
D. Cc sn phm t g tng hp
H-5 Chiu sng t nhin 3 im
50% khng gian s dng c din tch vng c chiu sng t nhin ln hn
1
50% tng din tch sn ca cc khng gian
2
3
H-6 Tm nhn ra bn ngoi 2 im

60% tng din tch s dng c tm nhn thng ra mi trng bn ngoi qua
1
ca knh trong sut
80% tng din tch s dng c tm nhn thng ra mi trng bn ngoi qua
2
ca knh trong sut
64
H-1 Cp gi ti
Mc ch
m bo cung cp gi ti duy tr khng kh trong nh c cht lng tt trong sut giai
on s dng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Cp gi ti cho ti thiu 90% tng din tch s dng ca cng trnh 2
Tng quan
Cp gi ti l vic a lung khng kh bn ngoi vo mt khng gian s dng. Vic b sung
khng kh ti gip ci thin cht lng khng kh trong nh nh ha long khng kh trong
nh vi kh ti, gip loi b cc cht gy nhim ca mi trng bn trong nh. Tng cng
ngun cp gi ti gip gim thiu kh nng nhim cc bnh lin quan n ng h hp.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon H-1 p dng cho tt c cc khng gian s dng trong cng trnh. Ti thiu 90% tng
din tch s dng cn c cp gi ti bng cch p ng cc yu cu sau y:
C th p dng 3 loi thng gi cp gi ti cho cc khng gian s dng:

Thng gi c kh: s dng qut hoc thit b trao i nhit a khng kh ti t bn
ngoi vo bn trong cng trnh
Thng gi t nhin: thng gi cho khng gian bn trong cng trnh m khng cn s
dng cc h thng c kh
Thng gi hn hp: p dng c thng gi c kh v thng gi t nhin cho cng trnh
i vi khng gian c thng gi t nhin:

c th cung cp khng kh ti nh thng gi t nhin, mt khng gian s dng cn:
nm trong phm vi 8 mt (v lun kt ni) ti mt khong c th m ra bn ngoi trn
tng hoc mi
c tng din tch cc khong m trn tng hoc mi bng t nht 4% din tch sn ca
khng gian
Mt khng gian s dng khng th m trc tip ra bn ngoi c th c thng gi t nhin

thng qua cc phng lin k nu cc khong m thng hai phng c din tch bng t nht 8%
din tch sn (ti thiu 2.3 m2).
65
i vi khng gian c thng gi c kh:
Cp gi ti vi cc h thng thng gi c kh cn p ng hoc vt cc yu cu ca mt
trong cc tiu chun c cng nhn sau hoc tiu chun tng ng:
TCVN 5687:2010 - Thng gi - iu ha khng kh, Tiu chun thit k
Tiu chun ASHRAE 62.1 - Thng gi v cht lng khng kh trong nh (phin bn
2007, 2010 hoc 2013)
Cc tiu chun trn cho bit mc yu cu ti thiu ca dng khng kh ti cung cp cho mt
khng gian s dng ty theo chc nng v nhu cu s dng khng gian .
Cung cp khng kh v thot kh thi trong cc khng gian khc nhau cn c thit k cn
thn trnh cn tr ngun cp gi v m bo khng kh c ha trn trong khng gian, c
bit cn tp trung vo vic a gi ti n n vng ht th.
i vi khng gian c thng gi hn hp:

p ng tt c cc yu cu i vi thng gi t nhin v thng gi c kh nu trn.
Tnh ton
Khng gian c thng gi t nhin v thng gi hn hp:
Vi mi khng gian s dng, tnh tng din tch cc khong m trn tng v mi chng
minh s p ng cc yu cu nu trn.
Khng gian c thng gi c kh v thng gi hn hp:

Vi mi khng gian s dng, tnh ton tc thng gi ti thiu (cp gi ti) theo yu cu ca
mt trong cc tiu chun c lit k trn y v chng minh tc thng gi c thit k
p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun chn.
Nu d n mun thc hin khon ny vi gii php thng gi c kh v/hoc thng gi hn
hp, lin h vi VGBC c hng dn chi tit.
H s trnh np
Khng gian c thng gi t nhin v thng gi hn hp:
Bn v mt bng v mt ng cho thy v tr v kch thc tt c cc khong m trn
tng v mi c th m ra bn ngoi
nh chp cho thy tt c cc khong m trn tng v mi c th m ra bn ngoi
Khng gian c thng gi c kh v thng gi hn hp:

Bn v c kh hon cng cho thy tc cp gi ti ca AHU v qut
Bng chng cho thy cc thit b HVAC c lp t nh nh chp, ha n, bin lai, bo
co nghim thu, v.v.
Nu d n khng thc hin theo cc yu cu ca TCVN 5687:201:

Tnh ton cho thy s p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun la chn
66
H-2 Thng gi ti khu vc m thp
Mc ch
Gim m v mi kh chu cc khu vc m thp.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Thng gi cho khu vc m thp vi h thng thot kh cc b hoc ca s c th m ra

1
bn ngoi
Tng quan
Khu vc m thp l cc phng hay cc khng gian c cha cc thit b, dng c v sinh. y l
cc khu vc tip xc trc tip vi ngun m, c m v mc ngng t hi nc cao. Mc
c th pht trin ti cc khu vc m thp do cc hot ng hng ngy nh nu nng, tm ra
gy nn v c th lm gim cht lng khng kh trong nh cng nh nh hng n sc khe
ngi s dng cng trnh. Bn cnh vic thit k tt cho cng trnh v lp t cc lp chng
thm kim sot m, thng gi mt cch ph hp s gip ci thin cht lng khng kh
trong nh v ngn mc hnh thnh.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon H-2 c th p dng cho ton b cc phng gm:
- phng bp
- phng tm (phng c lp t bn tm, vi hoa sen, bn tm nng hoc ngun m
tng ng)
- nh v sinh (khng gian c mt hoc nhiu WC hoc bn tiu ng);
Cc phng nu trn cn p ng cc yu cu v thot kh cc b lin tc, thot kh cc b

khng lin tc hoc ca s c th m ra bn ngoi.
H thng thot kh cc b lin tc

H thng thot kh cc b hot ng lin tc v t ng, ng thi p ng c cc yu cu
ti thiu sau v lu lng trao i khng kh:
- Phng bp: 5 ln trao i khng kh trong mt gi
- Phng tm: lu lng trao i khng kh ti thiu 10 lt mi giy (L/s)
- Nh v sinh: lu lng trao i khng kh ti thiu 10 L/s
H thng thot kh cc b khng lin tc

H thng thot kh cc b c thit k ngi s dng vn hnh khi cn thit, ng thi
p ng c cc yu cu ti thiu sau v lu lng trao i khng kh:
67
- Phng bp: lu lng trao i khng kh ti thiu 50 L/s
- Phng tm: lu lng trao i khng kh ti thiu 25 L/s
- Nh v sinh: lu lng trao i khng kh ti thiu 25 L/s
B iu khin h thng thot kh c th l mt cng tc iu khin bng tay hoc iu khin t

ng bng cm bin ngi hoc cm bin m. Tt c cc loi iu khin u c th c
chp nhn, min l khng gy cn tr n s kim sot ca ngi s dng.
D n c th p ng yu cu v thot kh cho phng bp bng vic lp t mt qut thng gi

gn trn trn hoc tng hoc s dng mt my ht mi. Tuy nhin, nu lu lng trao i kh
nh qut thng gi thp hn 5 ln trao i kh trong mt gi th cn phi lp t my ht mi.
D n cng c th s dng cc h thng c nhiu tc v cng tc c th iu chnh thi

gian tr tt h thng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh sau khi ngi s dng ri khi
phng tm.
Ca s c th m ra bn ngoi
Nh v sinh v phng tm cn c ca s c th m ra bn ngoi vi din tch ti thiu bng 4%
din tch sn ca phng hoc khng nh hn 0.15 m2.
Tnh ton
Lu lng trao i kh ti thiu ca h thng thot kh cc b lin tc trong phng bp c
tnh theo phng php sau:
- Xc nh chiu di, chiu rng v chiu cao ca phng tnh th tch phng; n v: m3
- Mt ln trao i kh trong mt gi tng ng vi 1 ln thot ton b th tch kh ca
phng ra bn ngoi trong mt gi
- 5 ln trao i kh trong mt gi tng ng vi 5 ln thot ton b th tch kh ca phng
ra bn ngoi trong mt gi
- Chng minh rng lu lng trao i kh nh qut thng gi tnh theo n v m3/h t mc
cao hn 5 ln trao i kh trong mt gi
Vi cc phng khc, ch cn lp t qut thng gi c lu lng trao i kh cao hn mc yu

cu.
H s trnh np
nh chp qut thng gi c lp t v nh chp ca s c th m ra bn ngoi ca
phng tm v nh v sinh
Ti liu k thut ca qut thng gi c lp t cho thy lu lng trao i khng kh
68
H-3 Gim st nng CO2
Mc ch
Kim sot cht lng khng kh trong nh bng cch gim st nng CO2.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Xc nh v lp t h thng gim st nng CO2 2
Tng quan
Trong s cc loi cht gy nhim khng kh trong cc ta nh vn phng nh l khi thuc l,
fomanhyt, hp cht hu c d bay hi, NO2, CO, CO2, cc cht gy d ng, cc tc nhn gy
bnh, kh ra-on, thuc dit cn trng, ch v bi bn, CO2 thng c chn lm nhn t nh
gi cht lng khng kh v tc thng gi ph hp. Nng CO2 cao chng t cht lng
khng kh trong nh thp v thng gi cho khng cc khng gian khp kn cha ph hp. Mt
h thng gim st nng CO2 c tch hp s gip h thng thng gi c th t ng iu
chnh mc thng gi trc khi khng kh cht lng km gy tc ng ng k n sc
khe ngi s dng.
Tip cn & Thc hin

D n s dng mt trong hai k thut sau y cho cc khu vc c mt s dng cao trong
cng trnh (1 ngi/3 m2):
Lp t cc cm bin nng CO2 c nh, tch hp vi cc h thng t ng ca ta nh

m bo cp gi ti c iu chnh lin tc
Gim st nng CO2 v iu chnh th cng lch trnh vn hnh cc h thng thng gi
cho ph hp. Ci t tt c cc h thng gim st a ra cnh bo khi nng CO2 cao
hn nng CO2 cho php (CO2max) ca tng khng gian. Cnh bo c th gi n nhn
s qun l ta nh thng qua h thng t ng ca ta nh hoc trc tip n nhng ngi
s dng thng qua cnh bo hnh nh hoc m thanh. Nng CO2max l nng m lc
khng kh ti phi c a thm vo khng gian, nn t mc 1000 ppm hoc c
th tnh ton thch hp vi khu vc c mt s dng cao. Ngi thit k c th tham
kho Ph lc A ca Hng dn s dng ASHRAE 62.1-2007 bit thm chi tit.
i vi c hai k thut, cm bin nng CO2 cn c lp t s lng v nm khong

1 n 2 mt bn trn b mt sn (vng ht th). Khi gim st khng gian m c din tch ln vi
cc nng kh ng nht, c th gn thm cm bin trong cc ng hi kh.
69
Trong trng hp pht hin cc kh c hi (CO, H2S, NO2) trong d n, thit k h thng
gim st lin tc cnh bo v cc tnh trng nguy him. Gii php nh vy c th c cho
im ti hng mc Sng kin.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc thit b h thng gim st nng CO2 nh nh chp,
ha n, bin lai, bo co nghim thu...
Hng dn s dng v bo tr cho thy quy trnh vn hnh, iu chnh v bo tr h thng
gim st CO2
70
H-4 Hn ch pht thi VOC
Mc ch
Gim thiu nh hng tiu cc i vi sc khe ngi s dng ca cc cht c hi nh cc
cht hu c d bay hi (VOC) v fomanhyt trong cc vt liu xy dng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
Gii php A: Sn v lp ph
S dng sn phm c hm lng VOC thp cho sn v lp ph 1
Gii php B: Cht kt dnh v chng thm
S dng sn phm c hm lng VOC thp cho cht kt dnh v chng thm 1
Gii php C: Cu kin sn
S dng sn phm c hm lng VOC thp cho cu kin sn 1
Gii php D: Cc sn phm t g tng hp
S dng sn phm c hm lng VOC thp cho cc sn phm t g tng hp 1
Tng quan
Cc hp cht hu c d bay hi (VOC) l cc cht kh gc hu c thot ra t mt s loi vt
liu rn hoc lng nht nh. VOC c trong nhiu cht ha hc, bao gm mt s cht c nh
hng tiu cc n sc khe con ngi trong thi gian ngn hay lu di. Hm lng mt s
cht VOC trong cng trnh lun cao hn ng k (ln ti khong 10 ln) so vi bn ngoi v c
th gy ra cc vn sc khe nghim trng i vi ngi s dng cng trnh thng xuyn.
Cc cht VOC c thot ra t cc sn phm nh: cc loi sn v sn mi, cc cht ty sn,
cc cht ty ra, cc vt liu xy dng v ni tht cng trnh, cc thit b vn phng nh my
photocopy v my in, cc cht ty xa v cc loi giy photocopy khng cha carbon, cc cht
liu lm ha v m ngh nh keo dn v cht kt dnh, cc loi mc khng phai v cc cht
trng phim.
Fomanhyt l mt cht ha hc quan trng c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip sn xut
vt liu xy dng v sn phm gia dng. V vy n xut hin bn trong cng trnh vi hm
lng ng k. Ngun to ra fomanhyt ng k nht chnh l cc sn phm t g nn/p c
s dng cc cht kt dnh cha nha urea-fomandehyt (UF) hoc nha phenolfomandehyt
(PF). Cc sn phm t g nn c dng trong nh bao gm: vn ghp (dng lt sn v ng
k t, trong g v ni tht), tm p bng g cng (dng p trang tr tng, ng g v ni
tht), cc tm g MDF (vn si mt trung bnh) (dng ng tm chn ngoi cho ngn ko,
71
k t hoc mt trn ca g). Cc tm MDF cha t l cht kt dnh/ g cao hn bt k loi
g p UF no v c xem l sn phm g p thi ra nhiu fomanhyt nht.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Trong phm vi ca LOTUS, sn phm c coi l c hm lng VOC thp cn:
c cng nhn l sn phm cha hm lng VOC thp bi cc t chc uy tn trong nc
hoc quc t (v d: Green Label ca Singapore, California Air Resources Board, ISO, v.v.);
hoc
C hm lng VOC thp hn nh mc quy nh bi cc t chc uy tn trong nc hoc
quc t. Hm lng VOC ca sn phm cn c ghi r trong ti liu do nh sn xut cng
b hoc kt qu kim tra trong phng th nghim
Trong phm vi ca LOTUS, sn phm g tng hp c coi l c hm lng fomanhyt thp

khi p ng mt trong cc yu cu sau:
C hm lng fomanhyt khng vt qu nh mc 0.05 ppm (tng ng vi tc
pht thi kh l 0.06 mg/m2.h), c kim chng theo mt tiu chun quc t c cng
nhn; hoc
Khng cha nha urea-fomandehyt (UF) hoc nha phenolfomandehyt (PF); hoc
c xp loi U.L.E.F. (pht thi fomanhyt cc k thp), N.A.F. (khng cha
fomanhyt)
Gii php A - Sn v lp ph v Gii php B - Cht kt dnh v chng thm:

Ch la chn sn phm c hm lng VOC thp.

La chn cc sn phm sau y:
Sn phm c hm lng VOC thp
Vt liu lt sn khng thm nc nh gch men, , cao su, hn hp t san bng, b tng
c nh bng, v.v. Nu s dng sn phm hon thin, ch la chn cc sn phm c
hm lng VOC thp.
Sn phm sn g hon thin c hm lng VOC thp

La chn cc sn phm sau y:
g c hm lng fomanhyt thp
g c tn dng hoc ti s dng
72
H s trnh np
Gii php A - Sn v lp ph v Gii php B - Cht kt dnh v chng thm:
Bng chng cho thy vic s dng cc sn phm cha hm lng VOC thp nh nh
chp, ha n, bin lai, v.v.
Ti liu do nh sn xut cng b ca mi sn phm cho thy sn phm c s dng p
ng cc tiu chun ca mt t chc uy tn trong nc hoc quc t hoc bng chng cho
thy sn phm c hm lng VOC thp

Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cu kin sn nh nh chp, ha n, bin lai, v.v.
Vi mi sn phm c hm lng VOC thp, trnh np ti liu do nh sn xut cng b cho
thy sn phm tun th tiu chun ca mt t chc uy tn trong nc hoc quc t hoc
bng chng cho thy sn phm c hm lng VOC thp

Bng chng cho thy vic lp t sn phm g nh nh chp, ha n, bin lai, v.v.
Vi mi sn phm, trnh np bng chng cho thy s p ng cc yu cu nh ti liu do
nh sn xut cng b, nh chp, v.v.
73
H-5 Chiu sng t nhin
Mc ch
Khuyn khch thit k cng trnh gip ti u ha chiu sng t nhin.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
50% khng gian s dng c din tch vng c chiu sng t nhin ln hn 50%
1
tng din tch sn ca cc khng gian
2
3
Tng quan
Chiu sng t nhin l dng nh sng t nhin trong khng gian s dng, thay v chiu sng
nhn to. Chiu sng t nhin gip tng s thoi mi cho ngi s dng cng trnh, ng thi
gip tit kim nng lng phc v chiu sng. Vi thit k dng nh sng t nhin, ngi thit
k phi cn i vi nhiu yu t, nh hp th bc x mt tri, chi, mc chiu sng, tin
nghi th gic v yu cu ca ngi s dng.
V tr t ca knh cn c cn nhc thu c lng nh sng t nhin nhiu nht nhng
vn hn ch c s hp th bc x mt tri. Vic lp knh s lm gim hiu qu cch nhit v
tng chi ph nng lng. Tuy nhin cc chi ph c th c b p bng s ci thin nng
sut v tin nghi ca ngi s dng khi sinh hot v lm vic trong khng gian c chiu
sng t nhin.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Cc gii php thit k to iu kin cho chiu sng t nhin bao gm:
B tr ca s
Ging tri
Tm ht sng bn trong nh (cc tm cc tm phn chiu nh sng nm ngang gip a
nh sng vo su bn trong nh)
Thit k khng gian m
Din tch vng c chiu sng t nhin l tng din tch ca vng c chiu sng t nhin
qua ca s v vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri.
74
Vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ca s l khu vc nm song song vi vch knh, trong
phm vi c:
- Chiu su vo bn trong cng trnh bng khong cch t ca s ti 2 ln chiu cao t
- Chiu rng bng tng chiu rng ca ca s vi cc phn khong cch v hai cnh
bn ca ca s; cc khong cch ny c kch thc bng mt na chiu cao tnh t
- Tr i phn din tch b che chn bi mt vt cn khng trong sut c chiu cao tnh t
sn ln hn hoc bng 1.5 mt
Cch tnh din tch vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ca s c th hin trong hnh H.1.
Vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri l khu vc bao gm:
- Phn din tch trn sn cng trnh ngay bn di ging tri c kch thc ng bng
din tch l m ly sng ca ging tri (phn gch cho trong hnh H.2 v H.3)
- Phn din tch v pha cc cnh ca phn din tch nu trn, c kch thc chiu rng
bng 0.7 ln chiu cao trung bnh tnh t sn n trn
- Tr i phn din tch b che chn bi mt vt cn khng trong sut c nh c chiu
cao ln hn mt na khong cch tnh t sn n im thp nht ca ging tri.
im thp nht ca ging tri c tnh t im thp nht ca kt cu hnh ging vi
ging tri c cu trc hnh ging hoc im thp nht ca kt cu ly sng i vi
ging tri khng c cu trc hnh ging.
thun tin cho vic tnh ton din tch vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri, hnh
dng ca vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ging tri cn tng ng vi hnh dng hnh
chiu bng l m ly sng ca ging tri. V d, vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ging
tri c hnh ch nht khi ging tri c hnh ch nht, vng c chiu sng t nhin qua
ging tri c hnh trn khi ging tri c hnh trn.
75
Hnh H.1: Tnh ton din tch vng c chiu sng t nhin qua ca s (nhn t pha trn)
76
Hnh H.2: Tnh ton din tch vng c chiu sng qua ging tri vi vt cn khng trong sut c nh
c chiu cao nh hn mt na khong cch tnh t sn n trn
77
Hnh H.3: Tnh ton din tch vng c chiu sng qua ging tri vi vt cn khng trong sut c nh
c chiu cao ln hn mt na khong cch tnh t sn n trn
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng v mt ng ca khng gian sinh sng, vng c chiu sng t nhin,
cho thy v tr v din tch cc ca s/vch knh
78
H-6 Tm nhn ra bn ngoi
Mc ch
Tng s kt ni ca ngi s dng vi mi trng bn ngoi bng cch m bo tm nhn
thng trc tip ra bn ngoi cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
60% tng din tch s dng c tm nhn thng ra mi trng bn ngoi qua ca knh
1
trong sut
80% tng din tch s dng c tm nhn thng ra mi trng bn ngoi qua ca knh
2
trong sut
Tng quan
Cc ca s v khong m trn v cng trnh mang li mi lin kt trc tip gia mi trng
bn ngoi v ngi s dng cng trnh. Mi lin kt ny gip ci thin sc khe v nng sut
lao ng ca ngi s dng.
D n cn cn nhc k lng kh nng tng din tch lp knh khi thc hin khon ny. Cc
ca s cho php nhn ra bn ngoi cng trnh cn c b tr hp l gim ti bc x v
nhit cho cng trnh. Cn la chn vt liu ph hp khi lp knh hn ch tht thot cng nh
cc yu cu v nng lng.
Tip cn & Thc hin

D n c th cn nhc thc hin cc gii php sau mang li s kt ni gia ngi s dng
cng trnh v mi trng bn ngoi:
B tr cc khng gian m gn ng chu vi cng trnh
B tr cc khng gian khng s dng nm gn li cng trnh
S dng knh cho cc vch ngn bn trong cng trnh
Lp knh cc cao thch hp to tm nhn thng ra bn ngoi
Tnh ton
Ti khon H-6, mt ca knh c coi l c tm nhn ra bn ngoi khi:
c lp t cao t 0.8 mt n 2.2 mt so vi mt sn hon thin
Mang li hnh nh r rng ca khng gian bn ngoi, khng b cn tr bi cc cht lm
knh, si thy tinh hoc mu knh khin cn bng mu sc b sai lch
Trnh by cc tnh ton trn bng tnh chng minh s p ng cc yu cu ca khon (tham
kho Bng H.4). Thc hin tnh ton cho cc khu vc ph hp theo quy trnh sau:
79
Xc nh v tr v din tch cc khng gian s dng
Xc nh phn din tch thuc khng gian s dng c tm nhn trc tip ra bn ngoi. Tm
nhn ny c phm vi bt u t 45 tnh t cnh ca gc c th nhn ra bn ngoi. Tm
nhn ra bn ngoi c th m rng qua 2 b mt lp knh bn trong cng trnh nhng khng
vt qua ca lm bng vt liu khng trong sut. Khng p dng tnh ton i vi cc
vch ngn v ni tht khng c nh.
Nu phng c t nht 75% din tch sn c tm nhn trc tip ra bn ngoi th c th coi l
ton b din tch sn c tm nhn ra bn ngoi. Nu phng c cha ti 75% din tch sn
c tm nhn trc tip ra bn ngoi, tnh ton/c lng tng din tch c tm nhn trc tip
ra bn ngoi.
Tnh ton t l din tch sn s dng p ng yu cu theo cng thc sau:

[%] =

Phng php tnh ton cho khon ny c minh ha nh trong Hnh H.4 v Bng H.1.
Hnh H.4: V d v phng php tnh ton tm nhn ra bn ngoi
80
Bng H.1: V d v phng php tnh ton tm nhn ra bn ngoi
Din tch c Din tch c

Tm nhn ra tm nhn ra tm nhn Din tch
Tng din tch
Phng bn ngoi bn ngoi ra bn ngoi t yu
s dng [m2]
[C/Khng] (theo o c) (theo tnh ton) cu [m2]
(m2) (m2)
Vn phng 101 25 C 20 80% 25
Vn phng 102 25 Khng / / 0
Vn phng 103 25 C 10 40% 10
Din tch khng gian

145 C 145 100% 145
vn phng m
Tng cng 220 - 175 - 180
Trong v d trn, d n c 82% din tch s dng p ng yu cu ca khon nn t c 2

im cho khon H-6.
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng v mt ng cho thy cc din tch s dng v din tch c tm nhn ra
bn ngoi
Bn v ca i v ca s cho thy v tr v kch thc cc vch knh
81
Mi trng khu vc
Bc sang th k XXI, mi trng ca Vit Nam phi i mt vi nhiu mi e da. Tc

th ha nhanh chng v kh kim sot ly i nhng mnh t t nhin v thay vo bng
nhng cng trnh xy dng, cc loi ng thc vt hoang d dn bin mt do khng cn mi
trng sng. nh hng ca bin i kh hu c th thy r rng nht nhng cn bo, l lt
v hn hn ngy cng thng xuyn v c cng mnh hn, nc bin dng cng vi
nhiu hin tng thi tit khc nghit khc. Khu vc th ca Vit Nam thi ra hn 8 triu tn
cht thi rn mi nm, trong khi ch thu gom v x l c khong 70%. iu ng ngha
vi khong 2.5 triu tn cht thi rn cha c x l thng vo mi trng mi nm.
Do , gim thiu mi e da i vi mi trng, cc d n xy dng cn p dng cc gii

php bo v h sinh thi t nhin (la chn khu t xy dng c gi tr sinh thi thp v tng
cng lp ph thc vt bng cc loi bn a), gim thiu cht thi v nhim (s dng mi
cht lnh thn thin vi mi trng v x l rc thi), tng kh nng chng chu vi ngp lt
ca cng trnh v gim thiu tc ng ca chnh cng trnh i vi mi trng (tng din tch c
kh nng thm nc v hn ch hiu ng o nhit).
Cc khon thuc hng mc Mi trng khu vc ca LOTUS SB s ghi nhn cc gii php gip
bo v mi trng sinh thi ca khu t xy dng cng nh khu vc ln cn, khuyn khch
hot ng ti ch cng nh tch hp vi cc gii php thch ng v gim nh.
82
Mi trng khu vc 16 im
Khon Tiu ch im
LE-1 La chn khu t 5 im
Gii php A: Khu t c gi tr sinh thi thp
Khng xy dng cng trnh ti khu t c gi tr sinh thi cao 1
Gii php B: Tn dng khu t pht trin
Xy dng cng trnh trong khu vc tn dng khu t pht trin 1
Gii php C: Dch v vn ti khi lng ln
Xy dng cng trnh trong phm vi 800m ti cc dch v vn ti khi lng ln 1
Gii php D: Kt ni cng ng

C t nht 5 loi dch v thit yu khc nhau trong phm vi bn knh 0.5 km t
1
cng trnh
LE-2 Thit k khu t 2 im
Gii php A: Phn tch khu t xy dng

Thc hin Phn tch khu t xy dng vi cc iu kin t nhin ca khu vc
1
nh nh sng mt tri, hng gi ch o, a hnh v thm thc vt c sn.
Gii php B: Din tch khng pht trin xy dng
t nht 20% din tch khu t khng pht trin xy dng 1
LE-3 Thm thc vt 2 im
Gii php A: Trng cy trong vn
15% tng din tch khu t xy dng c trng cy bn a hoc du nhp 1
Gii php B: Trng cy trong chu cy
t 1 chu cy cho mi 10 m2 ca tng din tch sn, ban cng v mi 1

LE-4 Hiu ng o nhit 2 im
30% tng din tch lt v mi c kh nng hn ch hiu ng o nhit 1
LE-5 Nc ma chy trn 2 im
Din tch trung bnh c kh nng thm nc ca khu t ti thiu l 30% 1
83
LE-6 Gim thiu nguy c ngp lt 1 im
Lp bo co xc nh nguy c ngp lt ca khu vc cng trnh
- V - 1
Thc hin gii php gim thiu nguy c ngp lt nu cn thit
LE-7 Mi cht lnh 1 im
Khng s dng cc h thng iu ha khng kh hoc ch lp t h thng

1
iu ha khng kh s dng cht lm lnh R32
LE-8 Khu tp kt - ti ch rc thi 1 im
Xy dng khu tp kt - ti ch rc thi phc v ton b ngi s dng cng

1
trnh
84
LE-1 La chn khu t
Mc ch
Khuyn khch cc d n xy dng la chn a im thch hp nhm gim thiu tc ng tiu
cc n mi trng t nhin ng thi gip m bo sc kho v tin nghi cho ngi s dng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 5 im
Khng xy dng cng trnh ti khu t c gi tr sinh thi cao 1
Xy dng cng trnh trong khu vc tn dng khu t pht trin 1
C t nht 5 loi dch v thit yu khc nhau trong phm vi bn knh 0.5 km t cng trnh 1
Tng quan
La chn khu t l mt yu t quan trng khi xy dng mt cng trnh xanh. D n nn la

chn khu t c gi tr sinh thi thp (khu t c t kh nng h tr cc dng sng t nhin nh
mt phn ca h sinh thi t nhin) hn ch tc ng i vi h sinh thi. Bn cnh , d
n nn t v tr cng trnh ti khu vc gn cc dch v vn ti khi lng ln cng nh cc loi
dch v thit yu m bo tin nghi cho ngi s dng ng thi hn ch nhu cu di chuyn
bng phng tin giao thng c gii c nhn.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khng la chn khu t c gi tr sinh thi quan trng trnh lm mt t nng nghip hoc
mi trng sng. Bng LE.1 v LE.2 cung cp phng php gip xc nh khu t c gi tr
sinh thi cao hay khng.
85
Bng LE.1: Cc c tnh sinh thi quan trng ca khu t
Phn 1: Cc c tnh quan trng ca khu t

Khu t c coi l c gi tr sinh thi cao khi c bt c la chn C no c chn.
Nu tt c cc cu hi trong Phn 1 u c cu tr li l Khng, tip tc thc hin Phn 2.
Khu t c xc nh l mi trng sng ca cc loi c xp
1 vo tnh trng Nguy cp, Sp nguy cp hoc B e da (theo Sch C Khng
IUCN, cc nghin cu quc t hoc Sch Vit Nam)?
Khu t c xc nh l tng sinh dng ca nhiu nhm loi C Khng
2
sinh vt?
C s hin din ca h t nhin, sui hoc sng trong a phn
3 C Khng
khu t?
C s hin din ca m ly, t ngp nc hoc t ngp nc C Khng
4
ven sng trong a phn khu t?
C s hin din ca rng c dng, rng phng h hoc rng C Khng
5
sn xut trong a phn khu t?
Khu t bao gm cc din tch cha khai thc vi mi trng
6 C Khng
sng hoang d?
Bng LE.2: Loi t c s dng
Phn 2: Loi t s dng cho cng trnh xy mi, b mt vt liu rn, sn vn v li vo cng
trnh.
Ch thc hin Phn 2 khi ton b cc cu tr li trong Phn 1 l Khng.

Khu t c coi l c gi tr sinh thi thp nu c t mt cu tr li l C tr ln cho cc
cu hi ca Phn 2.
1 Khu t nm trong quy hoch th do chnh ph ph duyt? C Khng
Khu t xy dng nm hon ton trong din tch cng trnh sn c C Khng
2
hoc cng trnh c ph d trong vng 5 nm trc ?
Khu t xy dng nm hon ton trong din tch xy dng ca
3 mt d n khc nh sn thi u th thao, bi xe hoc cng C Khng
trnh tng t c ph d trong vng 5 nm trc ?
Khu t xy dng bao gm phn din tch b nhim do cht thi
4 cng nghip hoc tng t vi mc yu cu bin php khc C Khng
phc trc khi tin hnh xy dng?
Khu t xy dng bao gm cng trnh sn c, b mt lt v/hoc C Khng
5
din tch t b nhim?
Khu t xy dng c 80% tng din tch c s dng cho C Khng
6
mc ch thm canh nng nghip trong t nht 3 nm?
Khu t xy dng nm hon ton trong khu vc t trng -HOC-
7 khu vc c ct c thng xuyn v/hoc sn thi u th thao C Khng
trong t nht 2 nm?

Cho im cc d n xy dng gip lp kn ch trng trong khu t pht trin hoc c v tr
nm trong khu t tng c pht trin.
Khu t tng c pht trin l cc khu vc tng c cng trnh, ng i, khu xe
hoc khu vc b xung cp hoc thay i do hot ng ca con ngi. Cc khu t nh vy
c gi tr sinh thi rt thp.
86
Cc im dch v vn ti khi lng ln bao gm:
Ga tu in ngm d kin
Trm dng xe but
Khong cch n cc dch v vn ti khi lng ln c tnh theo phm vi bn knh t v tr
ca dch v n v tr gn nht ca khu t.

Khuyn khch cng trnh xy mi hoc tu b nm trong khu vc pht trin th, c ng
i b ti nhiu im dch v thit yu.
Mt s loi hnh dch v thit yu c lit k trong Bng LE.3.
Bng LE.3: Cc dch v thit yu
1. Ngn hng 10. Tim git l 19. Nh hng/ Qun c ph
2. Lm p/ lm tc 11. Th vin 20. Trng hc

12. Bnh vin/ Phng khm/ 21. Trung tm chm sc sc khe
3. Dn v sinh
Nha s/ Vin mt cho ngi cao tui
4. Nh vn ha/ Nh cng ng 13. Bo tng 22. Siu th
5. Ca hng tp ha 14. Cng vin/ Khu vui chi 23. Trung tm ngh thut/gii tr
24. Ca hng sa cha in/
6. Nh tr 15. Nh thuc
Sa cha xe c
7. Trung tm th dc th thao/
16. Ni th cng 25. n cng an
B bi
8. Trm cu ha 17. Bu in 26. Hiu sch
9. Trm xng 18. My ATM 27. Ch thc phm
Khong cch n cc im dch v thit yu c tnh theo phm vi bn knh t v tr ca dch

v n v tr gn nht ca khu t.
H s trnh np
nh chp cho thy cng trnh xy dng trc ca khu t -HOC- chng nhn quyn
s dng t -HOC- Lch s pht trin xy dng khu t do a phng cp php

nh chp cho thy cng trnh xy dng trc ca khu t hoc cho thy vic lp kn
ch trng ca khu t pht trin

Bn hoc bn v mt bng cho thy v tr ca im dch v vn chuyn khi lng ln
trong phm vi bn knh 400m hoc 800m tnh t v tr cng trnh
87
Bn hoc bn v mt bng cho thy v tr ca t nht 5 loi hnh dch v thit yu nm
trong phm vi bn knh 500m tnh t v tr cng trnh
nh chp cc im dch v thit yu
88
LE-2 Thit k khu t
Mc ch
Phn tch v cn nhc cch b tr khu t bo tn thm thc vt sn c v gim thiu din
tch cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Thc hin Phn tch khu t xy dng vi cc iu kin t nhin ca khu vc nh nh
1
sng mt tri, hng gi ch o, a hnh v thm thc vt c sn.
t nht 20% din tch khu t khng pht trin xy dng 1
Tng quan
Phn tch khu t xy dng l giai on m u ca qu trnh thit k kin trc v th, tp
trung vo nghin cu cc c im kh hu, a l v c s h tng ca mt khu t c th.
Giai on ny nn c thc hin nh mt bc khi u trong giai on thit k pht trin
cc gii php lin quan n mi trng.
Gim thiu din tch cng trnh gip bo tn thm thc vt t nhin c sn ti khu t v khi
phc cc khu vc b h hi cung cp mi trng sng v ci thin a dng sinh hc. Cung
cp khng gian m gip gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng nh tiu hao t v nc ma
chy trn, ng thi mang li li ch v mt th cht v tm l cho dn c v cng ng.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Thc hin Phn tch khu t xy dng vi bn phn tch khu t xy dng, bao gm cc ni
dung sau:
Din tch khu t
Cng trnh xy dng lin k
Cc kt cu c sn ti khu t
Cc ca ra vo sn c ca khu t
Thm thc vt sn c cn c duy tr
Thm thc vt sn c cn loi b
a hnh
Gc hng Bc
ng biu kin mt tri
Tm nhn ch o
Cc hng gi ch o
89
Phn tch khu t xy dng cn c th c thc hin bng cch s dng Bng LE.4.
Bng LE.4: Bng phn tch khu t xy dng
Din tch khu t Nhp din tch khu t theo n v m2
Bc / ng Bc / ng / ng Nam / Nam / Ty Nam / Ty

Hng ca khu t
/ Ty Bc
ng ln / ng nh / nh c 3 tng tr xung / nh lin

Cng trnh sn c pha ng k c nhiu hn 3 tng / ca hng / ta nh vn phng /
ton nh chung c / sng / cng vin / l t trng

Cng trnh sn c pha Bc k c nhiu hn 3 tng / ca hng / ta nh vn phng /

Cng trnh sn c pha Ty k c nhiu hn 3 tng / ca hng / ta nh vn phng /
Cng trnh sn c pha Nam k c nhiu hn 3 tng / ca hng / ta nh vn phng /
M t cc kt cu sn c ti khu t
M t ngn gn
xy dng
Bng phng / dc pha trc / dc pha sau / dc tri
a hnh
di ton khu t / cao nht trung tm
M t tm nhn ca khu t M t ngn gn

Cng trnh v cc kt cu xy dng khng vt qu 80% tng din tch khu t. Cng trnh d
kin cn c biu din trn bn v mt bng khu t vi cc chi tit sau:
Din tch khu t
Din tch xy dng
Cc kt cu xy dng khc
Tnh ton
T l din tch khng pht trin xy dng c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

Trong :
AB = Din tch xy dng [m2]
AO = Din tch cc kt cu xy dng khc trn mt bng khu t [m2]
AS = Tng din tch khu t [m2]
90
H s trnh np

Trnh np bn phn tch khu t xy dng hoc hon thnh bng LE.4
nh chp cho thy b cc hin ti ca khu t

Bn v mt bng quy hoch khu t (c th phc ha bng tay) cho thy din tch xy dng
v cc kt cu xy dng khc
nh chp khu t khi hon thnh xy dng
91
LE-3 Thm thc vt
Mc ch
Khuyn khch vic trng mi v duy tr thm thc vt ti khu t.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im

t 1 chu cy cho mi 5 m 2 ca tng din tch sn, ban cng v mi 2
Tng quan
Thm thc vt c vai tr rt ln trong vic ci thin iu kin vi kh hu, thng gi v cnh quan
ti khu vc cng trnh. Hn th na, thm thc vt c kh nng gip phc hi lp t mt v
chng xi mn. Bo v thm thc vt ti khu t cng c xem nh bo tn ti nguyn thin
nhin. Mc ch ca vic ny l pht huy cc qun th thc vt bn a cng nh mi trng
sng t nhin ti khu t, ng thi hn ch nhng nh hng tiu cc n cc h sinh thi.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Gii php A: Trng cy trong vn v Gii php B: Trng cy trong chu cy
D n c th cn nhc cc k thut sau trong khi thc hin bo tn/phc hi thm thc vt v
tng cng a dng sinh hc:
Mang n khu vc xy dng cc loi thc vt mi, tuy nhin ch nn s dng nhng loi
thc vt bn a hoc loi c hu ca Vit Nam v khu vc ng Dng do chng thch
nghi tt hn vi kh hu khu vc v cc iu kin a phng
Xem xt nhu cu nh sng v nc ca loi thc vt khi quyt nh ni gieo trng (c bit
ti cc khu vc c chn nng)
Mang n cc cu trc v cc loi c kh nng h tr cc qun th bn a (v d: cc hp
t chim, cy/cy bi l thc n t nhin/vng lm t ca cc loi chim bn a hoc mt mi
trng sng cho ng vt khng xng sng)
Khi tin hnh bt k cng vic xy dng, sa cha hoc bo tr quy m ln, cn lp t
hng ro tm thi xung quanh khu vc cy trng bo v bt k loi thc vt no c kh
92
nng b tc ng bi cc hot ng trn. Hng ro nn c chiu cao ti thiu 1.2m, lm
bng cc ct kim loi hoc chng dy.
Tnh ton
T l din tch trng cy ca khu t c tnh ton theo phng php sau:
Xc nh din tch trng cy theo cch phn loi sau:
- C v cy c mch nh mc di trong khu t, c gi tr sinh hc khng ng k, khng
c tnh vo lp ph thc vt
- Cc loi thc vt tng thp v cy bi: Din tch che ph khi nhn t trn xung
- Cy: Din tch che ph tiu chun l 1m2, p dng cho tt c cc loi thc vt, hnh
dng v kch thc
- Nu lp t mi xanh: Tnh c din tch mi xanh vo din tch lp ph thc vt, bt k
mi xanh s dng loi hoc chng loi thc vt no
- Nu thc hin trng cy trong chu cy bn ngoi cng trnh, tnh tng din tch trng
cy theo din tch ca ming chu cy
Tnh t l din tch trng cy theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

AV = Din tch trng cy [m2]

AS = Din tch khu t (bao gm c mi) [m2]
Mt chu cy trng c tnh theo phng php sau:

Tnh s lng chu cy da theo chiu rng ca ming chu cy nh Bng LE.5.
Bng LE.5: Chiu rng ca ming chu cy v s lng chu cy tng ng
Chiu rng ca ming chu cy (mm) S lng chu cy
< 100 0.2

100 v < 200 0.33
200 v < 250 0.5
250 v < 320 1
320 v < 400 2
400 v < 550 3
550 4
Tnh s lng chu cy tng ng vi
Bn & Vn ng
chiu rng ming chu cy l 250mm
93
Tnh tng din tch GFA, mi v ban cng ca cng trnh
Tnh mt chu cy trng theo cng thc sau:

[%] = ( )

AT = Tng din tch GFA, mi v ban cng ca cng trnh [m2]

NP = S lng chu cy
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng khu t cho thy cc din tch trng cy
nh chp cy trng

nh chp cho thy vic t cc chu cy
94
LE-4 Hiu ng o nhit
Mc ch
Gim hiu ng o nhit do cng trnh gy nn.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Tng quan
Vi kh hu l mt vng kh quyn a phng c c im kh hu khc bit so vi cc khu vc
xung quanh. Mi trng xy dng c th lm thay i vi kh hu vn c nu vt liu xy dng
hp th v ti bc x nng lng mt tri nhiu hn so vi mi trng vn c. S thay i vi
kh hu nh vy c gi l hiu ng o nhit th (Hnh LE.2).
Hnh LE.2: Hiu ng o nhit
Hin tng ny xut hin khi nhit khu vc th cao hn khu vc nng thn, gy nh
hng tiu cc n cht lng khng kh, tiu th nng lng v sc khe con ngi. Hiu
ng o nhit th xy ra do cc b mt lm bng gch, b tng v nha ng (nh ng
ph, va h, khu xe v cng trnh xy dng) hp th bc x nhit ca mt tri v ti bc x
nhit vo kh quyn.
Tip cn & Thc hin

p dng cc gii php thit k di y gim hiu ng o nhit:
S dng h thng gch lt m (gch trng c) gim din tch mt lt (vi t nht 50%
din tch c kh nng thm nc)
95
S dng cc kt cu chn nng c ch s phn x bc x mt tri (SRI) ln hn 29 hoc
Chn nng nh cc tn cy sn c hoc t cng trnh vo khu vc quy hoch trng cy
trong 10 nm (bng cy phi che nng c cho mi v mt lt)
Vt liu lt c gi tr SRI ln hn 29
S dng vt liu lp mi c gi tr SRI ln hn 78 cho cc mi c dc nh (t l gia
cao vi chiu di nh hn 2:12) v vt liu lp mi c gi tr SRI ln hn 29 cho cc
mi c dc ln
Mi xanh
Cc tm pin mt tri
Tnh ton
Thc hin tnh ton da theo din tch lt v mi. Din tch lt l ton b phn din tch ca khu
t c lt hoc che ph gip mt t khng tip xc trc tip vi nh sng mt tri. Cc gii
php c lit k trong phn Tip cn & Thc hin c tc dng lm gim hiu ng o nhit.
Cc phn din tch c che ph bng thit b c kh s c khu tr vo din tch mi.
T l din tch c kh nng hn ch hiu ng o nhit c tnh theo phng php sau:
Tnh tng din tch lt v mi
Tnh phn din tch c kh nng hn ch hiu ng o nhit.
- Vi cc kt cu chn nng, din tch cn tnh l din tch hnh chiu ng ca kt cu
- Vi cy, trc ht cn xc nh din tch bng ca cy vo ngy H ch ti cc thi
im 10 gi sng, 12 gi tra v 3 gi chiu; sau ly trung bnh cng cc din tch
tnh c din tch chn nng hiu qu. n gin ha, d n c th mc nh
din tch chn nng hiu qu ca mi cy l 1 m2.
- i vi cc b mt khc c coi l c kh nng hn ch hiu ng o nhit, din tch
s dng trong tnh ton nn bng vi din tch thc t ca n.
Tnh phn din tch cn c khu tr vo tng din tch lt v mi
Tnh t l din tch c kh nng hn ch hiu ng o nhit theo cng thc sau:

[%] =
+
Athp = Phn din tch c kh nng hn ch hiu ng o nhit [m2]

Alt + mi = Tng din tch mt lt v mi tr i phn din tch cn khu tr [m2]
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng cho thy cc din tch lt v mi
nh chp cc khu vc lt v mi
96
LE-5 Nc ma chy trn
Mc ch
Ci thin kh nng thm nc ca b mt khu t, nh gim ti tm thi cho h thng thot
nc th v ci thin ngun b sung nc ngm.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Tng quan
Nc ma chy trn l lng nc ma chy t b mt khu t xy dng vo h thng thot
nc hoc sng ngi. Gim lng nc ma chy trn gp phn gim thiu tc ng ca cng
trnh trong vic gy ra l h ngun. Vn ny cng tr nn quan trng hn khi ging thy
cng cao do bin i kh hu lm cho cp v tn sut l lt tng cao. Gim lu lng
v ci thin cht lng nc ma chy trn s gp phn gim lng cht gy nhim chy
vo ngun nc.
Tip cn & Thc hin
Gii php hiu qu nht gip kim sot lu lng v cht lng nc ma chy trn l tng
kh nng thm nc ca cc khu vc bn ngoi cng trnh v khi phc cc chc nng t
nhin ca khu t.
D n c th thc hin cc gii php sau tng kh nng thm nc ca b mt khu t:
Gim din tch b mt vt liu cng
S dng vt liu cng c kh nng thm nc cho cc khu vc ng chy xe, bi u xe
v ng i b nh:
- Gch lt tiu thm
- B tng nha rng
- Si ri
- G
- Mn g mc
- Gch, cui, t nhin c sp xp ti u kh nng thm nc
Thit k cnh quan gip chuyn hng dng nc t khu vc khng thm nc sang khu
vc c kh nng thm nc nh vn hoc bi c trc khi nc chy khi khu t
S dng cc khu t trng c lp ph thc vt hoc c kh nng lc sinh hc, cc vng t
ngp nc, h ga v vn ma, gip ci thin cht lng nc v tnh thm
Cc ao h tr nc
Mi xanh
97
Tnh ton
Tnh ton c thc hin vi ton b din tch khu t, tr i phn din tch cng trnh khng
c mi xanh. Phng php tnh ton t l thm nc ca khu t nh sau:
Tnh phn din tch ca khu t khng c cng trnh xy dng

Xc nh din tch tng loi b mt vt liu cng hoc cnh quan c s dng
Xc nh h s chy trn ca mi loi b mt vt liu cng hoc cnh quan c s dng
Tnh din tch trung bnh c kh nng thm nc ca khu t bng cng thc sau y:
( )
[%] =

Ai = Din tch ca khng gian i [m2]

Ci = H s chy trn ca vt liu lt b mt ca khng gian i
Asite = Tng din tch khu t tr i phn din tch cng trnh khng c mi xanh [m 2]
D n s dng s liu trong bng LE.6 tnh din tch thm nc trung bnh ca khu t
trong trng hp khng c s liu ca nh sn xut v h s chy trn ca mt s loi vt liu
lt b mt.
Bng LE.6: H s chy trn ca mt s loi b mt (Ngun: TCVN 7957:2008, American Society of Civil
Engineers)
c tnh ca b mt H s chy trn c tnh ca b mt H s chy trn
Mt lt Thm c (t ct)
Mi 0.92 dc trung bnh 0-2% 0.1
Nha ng 0.90 dc trung bnh 2-7% 0.15
Gch lt 0.80 dc trung bnh > 7% 0.2
B tng 0.92 Thm c (t tht)
Si ri 0.7 dc trung bnh 0-2% 0.15
Gch lt tiu thm 0.5 dc trung bnh 2-7% 0.2
B mt khc dc trung bnh > 7% 0.25
Bn t/ Vn ma 0.15
Sn chi 0.25
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng cho thy cc din tch b mt vt liu cng hoc cnh quan (v mi xanh,
nu c)
nh chp cc khu vc b mt vt liu cng hoc cnh quan (v mi xanh, nu c)
98
LE-6 Gim thiu nguy c ngp lt
Mc ch
Khuyn khch thit k cng trnh c kh nng phng chng ngp lt v cc tnh nng gip thch
ng vi bin i kh hu.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Lp bo co xc nh nguy c ngp lt ca khu vc cng trnh
- V - 1
Thc hin gii php gim thiu nguy c ngp lt nu cn thit
Tng quan
Ngp lt l mt trong nhng vn ln nht ti cc khu vc th, c th gy ra thit hi

nghim trng cho cng ng, cng trnh xy dng v c nn kinh t a phng. Tn sut v
cng ngp lt c d on l s ngy cng tng cao do nh hng ca bin i kh hu.
Thm vo , s pht trin kinh t nhanh chng v gia tng dn s Vit Nam cng t thm
p lc ln c s h tng ang trong tnh trng xung cp v qu ti. H thng thot nc ti
cc thnh ph c mt dn s cao thng b qu ti theo ma. Trong khi , cc h thng
thot nc t nhin ang dn mt i do s m rng ca dn s v h tng th.
Hin nay ti Vit Nam cha c nhiu bn cnh bo nguy c ngp lt. Tuy nhin trong nhng
nm ti y, s c thm nhiu bn cho lnh vc ny khi cc c quan nh nc v cc
trng i hc y mnh nghin cu.
Tip cn & Thc hin
Bo co xc nh nguy c ngp lt ca khu vc cng trnh c th l mt trang m t ngn gn

i km vi bn quy hoch kin trc. Bo co ny cn bao gm mt bn ngp lt (nu c),
gip xc nh khu t c nm trong khu vc thng xy ra l lt hay khng. Nu khng c bn
ngp lt, d n c th s dng mt bn v mt bng khu vc cho thy cc khu vc c nguy
c ngp nc.
D n c th thc hin cc gii php sau tng kh nng chng chu l lt ca cng trnh:
Nng ct nn cng trnh ln cao trn mc ngp lt d on bng cc ct tr hoc tng
chu lc
Phng chng ngp lt cho cc tng thp bng cch tng kn kht ca cng trnh ngn
nc xm nhp
S dng vt liu khng thm nc v d lau chi cho cc tng thp ca cng trnh
99
B tr cc thit b c kh v in vo trong cc khu vc chng nc hoc v tr cao hn
nh l cao nht
p dng cc bin php chng ngp lt khc (v d nh wet flood-proofing)
H s trnh np
Bo co xc nh nguy c ngp lt ca khu vc cng trnh km theo bn ngp lt hoc

bn v mt bng khu vc cho thy cc khu vc c nguy c ngp nc
Nu c nguy c ngp lt: trnh np cc nh chp, bn v mt bng hoc bo co trnh by
cc gii php c thc hin nhm tng kh nng chng chu ngp lt ca cng trnh
100
LE-7 Mi cht lnh
Mc ch
Khuyn khch vic la chn v s dng cc loi mi cht lnh khng lm gia tng s nng ln
ton cu hoc ph hoi tng ozon.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Khng s dng cc h thng iu ha khng kh hoc ch lp t h thng iu ha

1
khng kh s dng cht lm lnh R32
Tng quan
Cc cht lm lnh c s dng ph bin cho t lnh v t ng l HFC (Hydroflourocarbons)
nh R-410A v R-134A. Cc cht lm lnh thuc loi ny khng c cht gy suy gim tng
ozon nhng li c ch s tim nng gy m ton cu (GWP) kh cao, gp phn gy hin tng
m ln ton cu khi c thi vo kh quyn.
R32 l mt loi cht lm lnh HFC c ch s GWP tng i thp (GWP100 = 675, ch bng 1/3
so vi R410A). Bn cnh , R32 cn l loi mi cht lnh gip tit kim nng lng. Cc h
thng iu ha khng kh s dng R32 s pht thi t kh nh knh hn v c th vn hnh vi
mt lng mi cht lnh nh hn.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khng s dng cc h thng iu ha khng kh hoc ch lp t h thng iu ha khng kh
s dng cht lm lnh R32
H s trnh np
Ti liu k thut ca ton b h thng iu ha khng kh s dng cht lm lnh R32 c
lp t
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc thit b nu nh nh chp, v.v.
101
LE-8 Khu tp kt - ti ch rc thi
Mc ch
Thc hin phn loi rc v h tr ti ch, ti s dng rc thi.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Xy dng khu tp kt - ti ch rc thi phc v ton b ngi s dng cng trnh 1
Tng quan
Cc cng trnh khi vn hnh s sn sinh lng rc thi ng k, c th ti ch s dng.
Phng php v trang thit b phn loi rc phc v ti ch c hiu qu l mt cch n gin
gim lng pht thi khi cng trnh vn hnh.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Tch hp vo thit k mt khu tp kt - ti ch rc thi vi cc thng rc tp hp, phn loi
v tch tr cc loi rc thi khng c hi. Khu tp kt cn nh r v tr cho ti thiu cc loi vt
liu c th ti ch sau:
Giy (gm c giy bo)

Cc-tng
Nha
Kim loi
Knh
Mt s vt liu c th ti ch khc nh n hunh quang, cht thi hu c (dng lm phn bn)

v pin.
Khu tp kt - ti ch cn c din tch ti thiu l 5 m2 v c t ti tng hm hoc tng trt

ngi s dng v xe chuyn ch d dng tip cn. Khu tp kt ti ch v cc thng rc cn
c nh du r rng.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy khu tp kt ti ch rc thi nh cc nh chp, v.v.
102
Cng ng & Qun l
c th p ng c cc tiu chun ca chng nhn LOTUS SB, d n cn c s trao i

v phi hp cht ch gia tt c cc bn lin quan. Ngay t khi bt u d n, ton b thnh
vin i d n cn trao i v lm vic vi nhau thc hin c cc nguyn tc xy dng
bn vng ph hp. Bn cnh , mt yu t cng khng km phn quan trng chnh l cung
cp thng tin cho ngi s dng cng trnh, gip h hiu v s dng c cc tnh nng c
thit k, m bo thc hin c cc mc tiu t ra trong sut vng i cng trnh.
Cuc hp ng gp tng thit k (Eco-charrette) l mt hot ng thit yu trc khi bt

u giai on thit k. y l cuc tho lun gia chuyn gia t vn v i d n, bao gm ch
u t, nh thu v kin trc s, nhm cng nhau xc nh cc gii php v mc thc hin
ca d n. Qu trnh ny gip m bo s thng nht ca ton i d n v vic nm bt v
thc hin cc mc tiu ca d n trong tt c cc giai on pht trin thit k v xy dng cng
trnh.
Trong sut giai on xy dng, d n cn hn ch tc ng ca hot ng xy dng (nh ting

n, nc bn, pht thi, v.v.) i vi mi trng cng nh cng ng xung quanh.
Khi hon thnh xy dng cng trnh, d n cn cung cp mt bn hng dn vn hnh v bo

tr duy tu cng trnh, bao gm cc thng tin cn thit vn hnh v bo tr duy tu cng
trnh. Bn hng dn ny c vai tr rt quan trng, gip m bo cng trnh t hiu nng cao
trong sut thi gian vn hnh.
103
Cng ng & Qun l 8 im
Khon Tiu ch im
CM-1 Qun l thit k 1 im
Thc hin cuc hp ng gp tng thit k (Eco-Charrette) 1
CM-2 Qun l xy dng 3 im
Gii php A: Ngn nhim nc ma chy trn, chng xi mn v kim sot cn lng
Thc hin bin php qun l hiu qu gip ngn nhim nc ma chy trn,
1
chng xi mn v kim sot cn lng
Gii php B: Pht thi xy dng
Thc hin gii php gip gim thiu pht thi xy dng 1
Gii php C: Ting n xy dng
Thc hin gii php ph hp gip hn ch ting n xy dng 1
Gii php D: nh hng i vi khu vc ln cn

Thc hin gii php ph hp gip gim thiu tc ng n cc cng trnh xung
1
quanh
Gii php E: Qun l cng nhn xy dng
Thc hin k hoch qun l cng nhn xy dng 1
CM-3 Qun l vn hnh 3 im
Gii php A: Hng dn vn hnh v bo tr duy tu
Cung cp Hng dn vn hnh v bo tr duy tu cng trnh 1
Gii php B: Hng dn s dng cng trnh
Cung cp Hng dn s dng cng trnh cho ngi s dng 1
Gii php C: Nhn thc xanh
Thc hin chng trnh nng cao nhn thc v cng trnh xanh 1
CM-4 H tr ngi khuyt tt tip cn s dng cng trnh 1 im
Cng trnh p ng cc yu cu ca QCVN 10:2014/BXD 1
104
CM-1 Qun l thit k
Mc ch
m bo xc nh v lp k hoch cho tt c cc yu t thit k bn vng ngay trong giai on
u tin ca d n.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Thc hin cuc hp ng gp tng thit k (Eco-Charrette) 1
Tng quan
Cuc hp ng gp tng thit k (Eco-Charrette) l mt hot ng mang tnh tng tc gia
nhiu bn i n thng nht v cc kha cnh then cht ca d n trc khi quyt nh cc
gii php thit k chi tit. Thng qua hot ng ny, cc bn lin quan s cng lm vic vi
nhau a ra cc mc tiu xy dng cng trnh xanh v yu t bn vng trc khi la chn
mt phng php tip cn c th. Cuc hp thng ko di trong ti thiu l mt ngy hoc
nhiu hn ty thuc vo phm vi v tnh phc tp ca d n.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Cuc hp ng gp tng thit k (Eco-Charrette) cn c thc hin trong giai on thit
k d n vi s tham gia ca cc c nhn/ n v nh:
Cc ch u t
Cc kin trc s, k s v nh thit k
Cc nh thu
Cn b v ngi dn a phng
Thng qua cc hot ng ph bin kin thc, tho lun v lm vic nhm, cuc hp ng gp
tng thit k cn tn dng c nng lc v chuyn mn ca cc bn tham gia i n cc
gii php thit k. Hot ng ny s gip nh gi mt cch ton din tim nng xy dng cng
trnh xanh ph hp vi cc yu cu ca d n. Mc tiu c th ca cuc hp bao gm:
t ra cc mc tiu bn vng ca d n;
Ph bin kin thc v cc vn mi trng v s dng nng lng hiu qu cho cc
i d n, ch u t v cng ng;
C c tm nhn di hn v cc tc ng mi trng ca vic xy dng cng trnh;
Xc tin s hp tc gia cc bn lin quan to s thnh cng ca thit k tch hp;
Hnh thnh mng li chuyn gia c c cc thng tin v li khuyn hu ch cho
qu trnh xy dng cng trnh;
Thng nht v trch nhim v quyn li ca cc bn i vi cc quy trnh v kt qu.
105
H s trnh np
Bin bn cuc hp ng gp tng thit k
nh chp cuc hp cho thy cc c nhn/ n v tham gia
106
CM-2 Qun l xy dng
Mc ch
Ci thin gii php xy dng ti khu t gim thiu tc ng ca cng trnh i vi mi
trng khu vc cng nh ngi dn sinh sng trong khu vc ln cn.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
Thc hin bin php qun l hiu qu gip ngn nhim nc ma chy trn, chng xi
1
mn v kim sot cn lng
Thc hin gii php gip gim thiu pht thi xy dng 1
Thc hin gii php ph hp gip hn ch ting n xy dng 1
Thc hin gii php ph hp gip gim thiu tc ng n cc cng trnh xung quanh 1
Thc hin k hoch qun l cng nhn xy dng 1
Tng quan
Cng trnh xy dng c th gy ra nhiu tc ng i vi mi trng nh ting n, bi bn,
nc thi, pht thi xy dng, v.v. D n cn sm xc nh v nh gi c ton b nhng
tc ng y c th a ra gii php xy dng ph hp, gip hn ch ti a mc nh
hng ca chng.
Tip cn & Thc hin
Phn tch cc kh nng nh hng v thc hin bin php qun l hiu qu gip ngn nhim
nc ma chy trn, chng xi mn v kim sot cn lng.
Bin php kim sot xi mn gip kim sot xi mn t ng thi ngn nhim ngun
nc v mt t. D n c th thc hin cc bin php nh: to lp ph, trng cy
xanh, thm chng xi l, v.v.
Bin php kim sot cn lng gip gi t xi l ti khu vc cng trnh, bao gm mt s
bin php nh: hng ro ph sa, b cn lng, by cn lng, p nc nh, li gm,
hng ro bao ct, m bo ng thot nc ma, v.v.
107
Gii php gim thiu pht thi xy dng cn bao gm cc yu t sau:
Nhn din v phn loi tt c cc ngun pht thi
Cc gii php gim thiu pht sinh rc thi ti khu t
Cc gii php ti s dng pht thi ti ch
Cc gii php ti s dng, tn dng hoc ti ch rc thi bn ngoi khu t
Ni lu gi v x l rc thi (khu ti ch, v tr ti s dng, bi rc, v.v.)

Gii php hn ch ting n xy dng cn:
Nhn bit cc khu vc cn hn ch ting n nh c cc cng trnh nh lin k, trng
hc v ni th cng
Nhn bit mc nh hng ca cc gii php xy dng nh khoan b tng, my mc
c ln...
Xc nh bin php gim thiu nh hng ca ting n n con ngi hoc cng trnh
ln cn:
- Thi cng xy dng cng trnh trong thi gian t 9 gi sng n 5 gi chiu
- Thng bo cho ngi dn xung quanh v thi gian thi cng xy dng
- Lm hng ro ngn ting n
- iu chnh cc quy trnh hoc my mc gy ra ting n ln
- S dng thit b c bo dng tt

Gii php gim thiu nh hng n khu vc ln cn cn bao gm:
Nhn bit tt c cc li vo khu vc cng trnh v cc cng trnh ln cn
m bo ni tp kt vt liu xy dng v cha rc thi khng ngn cn cc li vo
m bo my mc, phng tin xy dng khng ngn cn li vo cng trnh ln cn
Cho php ngi s dng cng trnh ln cn tham gia ng gp vo gii php hn ch
nh hng n khu vc xung quanh

K hoch qun l cng nhn xy dng cn xc nh r cc yu t sau:
Thi gian thi cng xy dng
Tng s cng nhn tham gia
Khu cha rc cho cng nhn
Nh v sinh cho cng nhn
Khu ngh ngi cho cng nhn bn trong khu vc xy dng
108
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic thc hin cc bin php nh nh chp, v.v.

Khng yu cu trnh np h s

Bng chng cho thy vic thc hin cc bin php nh nh chp, v.v.

Bn v cho thy cc li vo, khu tp kt vt liu v phng tin xy dng

Bn v quy hoch khu t cho thy v tr ca khu cha rc, nh v sinh v khu ngh ngi
cho cng nhn xy dng
109
CM-3 Qun l vn hnh
Mc ch
m bo cng trnh c qun l mt cch hiu qu nht.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
Cung cp Hng dn vn hnh v bo tr duy tu cng trnh 1
Cung cp Hng dn s dng cng trnh cho ngi s dng 1
Thc hin chng trnh nng cao nhn thc v cng trnh xanh 1
Tng quan
D c thit k vi nhiu gii php gip s dng hiu qu nng lng hoc nc, cc cng
trnh khi vn hnh thng khng t c mc tiu thit k ban u. Nguyn nhn ch yu
thng l do ngi s dng khng ti u c cc c tnh bn vng trong thit k ca cng
trnh. Do , khi bt u d n xy dng cng trnh xanh, vic cho php ngi s dng c th
tip cn cc thng tin v cch vn hnh cng trnh hiu qu thng qua mt bn hng dn s
dng cng trnh hoc mt chng trnh nng cao nhn thc v cng trnh xanh l mt hot
ng nn c thc hin.
Duy tu bo tr khng hiu qu cng l mt nguyn nhn chnh gy nh hng n hiu nng
ca cng trnh. Mc tiu chnh ca vic duy tu bo tr l ngn chn cc hng hc trc khi
chng xut hin, nh gim thiu cc tc ng n cng trnh cng nh i vi ngi s
dng. Hot ng duy tu bo tr bao gm vic bo ton v khi phc tin cy ca thit b
ko di tui th v m bo hiu qu khi vn hnh.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Hng dn vn hnh v bo tr duy tu cng trnh cung cp cc thng tin cn thit vn
hnh, bo tr cng trnh, bao gm nhng ni dung sau:
M t cc nguyn tc thit k chnh
Bn v v thng s k thut giai on hon cng
Hng dn vn hnh v bo tr duy tu cng trnh (bao gm c thng tin v sc khe v
an ton, hng dn chung v vn hnh hiu qu v bo dng nh k)
Danh sch tt c cc thit b
110
Cc kt qu nghim thu v kim nh (nu c)
Vn bn cam kt, y quyn v chng nhn

Cung cp Hng dn s dng cng trnh cho ngi s dng, bao gm cc hng dn khng
mang m tnh k thut c ni dung r rng, d hiu v cc hng mc sau:
Cc chi tit thit k v vai tr ca cc chi tit trong vn hnh cng trnh
Cc tnh nng s dng nng lng hiu qu
Cc tnh nng tit kim nc
Phng thc hot ng ca h thng HVAC v chiu sng
H thng ra vo, an ninh v an ton
K hoch ng ph hoc s tn khi xy ra thin tai, thm ha
Cch hnh thc phn hi khi gp vn
Thng tin v xe, giao thng cng cng hoc chia s phng tin giao thng, v.v.
Quy trnh ti ch rc thi

D n nn thc hin chng trnh nng cao nhn thc v cng trnh xanh bng cch trng by
p phch hoc t mn hnh ti cc khu vc ngoi tht thng xuyn c s dng ca cng
trnh. Chng trnh ny cn c duy tr thc hin lu di.
Chng trnh nng cao nhn thc cn cung cp ti thiu cc thng tin sau:
Cc tc ng ca cng trnh xy dng i vi mi trng
Mt tnh nng bn vng hoc s thay i hnh vi lin quan n bo tn ngun nng lng
hoc s dng nng lng hiu qu
Mt tnh nng bn vng hoc s thay i hnh vi lin quan n bo tn ngun nc hoc
s dng nc hiu qu
Mt tnh nng bn vng hoc s thay i hnh vi lin quan n vn Sc khe & Tin
nghi
H s trnh np
nh chp Hng dn vn hnh v bo tr duy tu cng trnh cho thy cc ti liu c yu
cu

Hng dn s dng cng trnh (bn scan hoc nh chp)

Bng chng cho thy vic thc hin chng trnh nng cao nhn thc v cng trnh xanh
nh cc nh chp, v.v.
111
CM-4 H tr ngi khuyt tt tip cn s dng cng trnh
Mc ch
To iu kin cho ngi khuyt tt tip cn s dng mi khu vc ca cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
Cng trnh p ng cc yu cu ca QCVN 10:2014/BXD 1
Tng quan
Ngi khuyt tt l ngi c khim khuyt v vn ng hoc th lc. Vic h tr ngi khuyt
tt tip cn cng trnh gip m bo cng bng x hi. Theo thng k nm 2013 ca y ban
Quc gia v Ngi khuyt tt, Vit Nam c 15.3% dn s l ngi khuyt tt. y l mt con
s khng h nh, do cc cng trnh xy dng cn m bo c s tip cn v s dng c
bn nht ca ngi khuyt tt trong cng trnh mt cch an ton v hiu qu. V vn ny,
B Xy dng cng ban hnh 10:2014/BXD - Quy chun k thut quc gia v xy dng cng
trnh m bo ngi khuyt tt tip cn s dng. Quy chun p dng i vi mt s loi cng
trnh nht nh nh cng trnh y t, c quan hnh chnh cc cp, cng trnh gio dc, cng trnh
th thao, cng trnh vn ho, cng trnh dch v cng cng cng nh cc cng trnh h tng k
thut v tin ch th khc. Tuy vy quy chun ny khng p dng cho cc ta nh vn phng,
nh my, cng ty t nhn hay cng trnh thng mi, v.v. LOTUS khuyn khch tt c cc loi
hnh cng trnh khng thuc phm vi m vn bn php lut quy nh cng p ng c cc
yu cu i vi vic m bo s tip cn s dng ca ngi khuyt tt.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Thit k cng trnh p ng cc yu cu ca QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy s p ng cc yu cu ca QCVN 10:2014/BXD nh bn v mt
bng, nh chp, v.v.
112
Sng kin
Hng mc Sng kin nhm khuyn khch v thng im cho cc sng kin, cng ngh mi
cng nh cho cc cng trnh c hiu nng vt tri so vi mc yu cu.
Hng mc ny gm hai khon vi s im ti a l 4 v khng gii hn s im ti mi khon.
Sng kin 4 im thng

Khon Tiu ch im

D n c hiu nng vt tri ng k so vi yu cu ti cc khon
ca LOTUS
4
Trin khai cc cng ngh, sng kin nm ngoi phm vi ca

LOTUS nhng vn p ng c yu cu
113
Mc ch
Khuyn khch cng trnh c hiu qu vn hnh vt tri v ghi nhn cc d n t c li ch
mi trng vt tri so vi mc yu cu ca LOTUS.
Yu cu
Tiu ch im
D n c hiu nng vt tri ng k so vi yu cu ti cc khon ca LOTUS 1-4
Tng quan
Cc mc tnh im trong LOTUS c thit lp phn nh ng thc tin th trng xy
dng trong thi im hin hnh. Tuy nhin, nu i thit k c th p dng cc tng mi
t c hiu qu vt tri hn hn so vi cc mc yu cu, d n s nhn c im
thng. Bn ng k cn m t d n thc hin cc gii php/ ci tin no nhm p ng
khon Nng cao hiu nng vt tri. VGBC c quyn quyt nh khng thng im nu s
nng cao hiu nng khng phi nh cc sng kin hoc d n khng cung cp y bng
chng thuyt phc cho khon.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Ti cc khon thuc hng mc Sng kin, d n s c nh gi cho im theo tng trng
hp. C 4 khon sng kin nng cao hiu nng vt tri tng ng vi 4 im ca hng mc
Sng kin, mi sng kin chim 1 im. Trong mt s trng hp, VGBC c th cn nhc cho
mt sng kin nhiu hn 1 im.
Vic cho im ti khon Nng cao hiu nng vt tri c th xy ra theo 2 trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Trong mt khon c hai hay nhiu mc yu cu hiu nng, d n t c mt

mc hiu nng cao hn, vt yu cu ti a ca khon
V d: Khon LE-3 Thm thc vt Gii php A
Yu cu (Mc 1) - 15% tng din tch khu t xy dng c trng cc loi thc vt bn
a hoc du nhp
Yu cu (Mc 2) - 30% tng din tch khu t xy dng c trng cc loi thc vt bn
a hoc du nhp
Mc hiu nng cao hn - 45% tng din tch khu t xy dng c trng cc loi thc vt
bn a hoc du nhp
Trng hp 2: Trong mt khon ch c mt mc yu cu hiu nng, d n t hiu nng vt

tri ng k so vi mc yu cu ca khon.
114
V d: Khon H-1 Cp gi ti
Yu cu: Cp gi ti cho ti thiu 90% tng din tch sinh sng ca ngi nh.
Cng trnh thc hin vt 30% mc yu cu v cp gi ti theo cc tiu chun trong
nc hoc quc t c th c cng 1 im Sng kin
Tnh ton
Tnh ton mc hiu nng vt tri c thc hin theo yu cu c th ti khon tng ng.
H s trnh np
Trnh np h s theo yu cu ban u ca khon tng ng
115
Mc ch
Khuyn khch d n p dng cc sng kin hoc cng ngh mi, nm ngoi phm vi m
LOTUS cp n.
Yu cu
Tiu ch im
Trin khai cc cng ngh hay gii php nm ngoi phm vi ca LOTUS nhng vn
1-4
p ng c cc yu cu
Tng quan
LOTUS NR bao gm rt nhiu khon gip nh gi hiu sut mi trng ca mt cng trnh.
Ngoi ra, khon Sng kin/ Cng ngh mi s thng im cho d n khi thc hin gii php
khc vi hng dn ca khon m vn p ng c cc yu cu. nhn c im
thng, Bn ng k cn chng minh cc gii php thc hin v hiu qu t c.
Tip cn & Thc hin

Khon Sng kin/ Cng ngh mi yu cu h s trnh np ngn gn v r rng v tnh cht v
mc ca cc li ch mi trng khi thc hin sng kin c sut. Ti cc khon thuc
hng mc Sng kin, d n s c nh gi cho im theo tng trng hp. VGBC c quyn
quyt nh khng thng im nu s nng cao hiu nng khng phi nh cc sng kin hoc
d n khng cung cp y bng chng thuyt phc cho khon. Do , d n nn tham kho
kin ca Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS (LOTUS AP) trc khi trnh np cc h s c yu cu
ca khon.
H s trnh np
Khng c yu cu c th v h s trnh np. Ty thuc vo cc sng kin/ cng ngh c

sut, VGBC s yu cu d n cung cp cc ti liu chng minh cho tnh cht v li
ch mi trng ca sng kin/ cng ngh .
116
Ph lc A: Cc khon Thc tin hiu qu nht
Danh sch cc khon Thc tin hiu qu nht
Khon Tn khon im thng
NNG LNG 6 im thng

E-BPC-1 Gim OTTV 1
E-BPC-2 Nng lng ti to 3
E-BPC-3 Gim st tiu th nng lng 1
E-BPC-4 un nc nng 1
NC 3 im thng
W-BPC-1 Thu nc ma 1
W-BPC-2 Ti s dng nc sinh hot 2
SC KHE & TIN NGHI 3 im thng

H-BPC-1 Tin nghi chiu sng 1
H-BPC-2 Tin nghi thnh gic 1
H-BPC-3 Tm nhn cht lng tt 1
CNG NG & QUN L 4 im thng
CM-BPC-1 LOTUS AP 1
CM-BPC-2 K hoch Qun l Xy dng ton din 1
CM-BPC-3 Chin dch nng cao nhn thc cng ng 1
CM-BPC-4 Khng gian cng cng 1
117
E-BPC-1 Tnh ton OTTV
Mc ch
Ti u ha hiu qu nhit ca cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
OTTV trung bnh ca ta nh gim 40% so vi yu cu ca VBEEC 1
Tip cn & Thc hin

Phng php tnh ton Ch s truyn nhit tng (OTTV) l mt phng php tt nh gi
tng th hiu qu ca lp v cng trnh. Ch s ny xc nh tng lng nhit truyn vo cng
trnh qua ton b din tch tng, mi v ca s do hp th bc x mt tri v chnh lch nhit
gia bn trong v bn ngoi cng trnh. Ch s truyn nhit tng OTTV ti a theo yu cu
ca VBEEC l 60 W/m2 cho tng v 25 W/m2 cho mi.
Hnh E.1: OTTV gip xc nh tng th hiu qu ca v cng trnh.
nng cao hiu qu lp v cng trnh v gim thiu nhit lng hp th t bn ngoi, d n
c th p dng cc gii php v cng ngh sau:
S dng vt liu c tnh cch nhit cao cho tng v mi khng trong sut
K thut xy dng v cng trnh ph hp
La chn hng v v tr ti u cho cng trnh gim ti s dng nng lng
Ca s, ca i, cc l m k thut v cc cu kin khc c lin kt vi lp v cng trnh
phi m bo kn kht ph hp.
118
S dng kt cu chn nng bn ngoi nhm gim thiu lng nhit hp thu do bc x mt
tri khng mong mun
Cc loi knh c h s hp th nhit (SHGC) thp
Cc loi vt liu hon thin b mt c h s phn x bc x mt tri cao.
Tnh ton
S dng Cng c Tnh ton OTTV do VGBC cung cp hoc thc hin cc bc di y
tnh Ch s truyn nhit tng OTTV:
Bc 1: Tnh cc ch s OTTV cho tng mt ng v mi

Tnh ton phi c thc hin cho tng tng v mi theo ng quy chun ca VBEEC.
[/ ] = ( ) ( ) + ( )
+ +
Trong :
WWR = T s din tch ca s - tng ca tng din tch tng bao ngoi. l t l ca din tch ca s
trn tng din tch tng lin quan hoc t l ca mi knh trn ton b din tch mi lin quan (khng
th nguyn)
Uw = H s tng truyn nhit ca phn tng khng trong sut hoc mi [W/m2.K]
= H s hp th bc x ca b mt vt liu phn tng khng trong sut hoc mi
TDeq = Chnh lch nhit tng ng, [C], c tnh n tc ng ca bc x mt tri ln b mt tng
hoc mi khng trong sut
T = Chnh lch nhit gia nhit bn trong v bn ngoi cng trnh [C]
Io = Bc x mt tri trung bnh ln din tch tng v knh. L gi tr trung bnh theo gi ca nng lng
mt tri tc ng ln ca s hng th i, c tnh n s thay i ca bc x mt tri ln ca s cc
hng khc nhau [W/m 2]
= H s chn nng bn ngoi (khng th nguyn). H s ny c p dng tnh ton hiu qu ca
kt cu chn nng i vi hp th bc x mt tri qua ca s.
Kcs = H s hp th nhit ca knh (SHGC), (khng th nguyn)
Uf = H s tng truyn nhit ca h thng ca knh trn tng hoc mi [W/m2.K]
Cc gi tr Kcs v Uf s c tnh ton theo phng php ca NFRC (National Fenestration Rating
Council)
Bc 2: Tnh ton OTTV trung bnh ca ta nh (tt c cc mt ng v mi)

OTTV trung bnh ca ta nh c tnh theo cng thc sau:
+ . . . +
=
+ +
Trong n l s lng cc mt ng v mi, OTTVn l gi tr OTTV ca mt ng/mi th n,

An l din tch mt ng/mi th n.
119
Bc 3. Tnh ton OTTV ti a cho php theo yu cu ca VBEEC cho cng trnh
+
=
+
Bc 4. Tnh ton mc ci thin OTTV so vi VBEEC

[%] =

H s trnh np
Cng c Tnh ton OTTV vi cc php tnh cn thit v OTTV
120
E-BPC-2 Nng lng ti to
Mc ch
Khuyn khch s dng cc ngun nng lng ti to, c bit l trong mi trng xy dng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
Lp t mt h thng pht in s dng nng lng ti to c cng sut pht in ln hn

1
1 kW

2
2 kW

3
3 kW
Tip cn & Thc hin

Sn xut in bng mt h thng pht in ti ch s dng ngun nng lng ti to. Cc
ngun nng lng ti to c th s dng nh:
Nng lng sinh hc (cn c s ng thun ca VGBC)
Quang in (PV)
Phong nng
Thy in quy m nh
Nu d n s dng h thng quang in, cn xem xt gi tr kWp thay v cng sut pht in.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc h thng pht in s dng nng lng ti to nh
nh chp, ha n, bin lai, v.v.
Bng chng cho thy cng sut pht in ca h thng pht in s dng nng lng ti
to c lp t nh ti liu k thut, nh chp. v.v.
121
E-BPC-3 Gim st tiu th nng lng
Mc ch
Khuyn khch s dng gii php gim st tiu th nng lng nhm tit kim nng lng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Lp t t nht 2 loi thit b gim st tiu th nng lng khc nhau trong cng trnh 1
Tip cn & Thc hin
Lp t t nht 2 loi thit b gim st tiu th nng lng khc nhau trong cng trnh ti cc v
tr ph hp:
Cm bin ngi cho thit b chiu sng gip t ng bt tt n cho phng tm, hnh
lang, ca ra vo, v.v.
Cm bin gim sng ca n gp iu chnh mc chiu sng cho cc khng gian
a chc nng bn trong cng trnh
Cm bin nh sng gip iu khin chiu sng nhn to theo mc nhn nh sng t
nhin ti cc khu vc c chiu sng t nhin (tham kho Khon H-5 Chiu sng t
nhin)
Kt cu chn nng t ng gip ti u chiu sng t nhin v gim s hp th bc x
mt tri
Thit b iu khin ti t ng gip ng ngt mch cho cc cm khi cn thit
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t thit b gim st nng lng nh nh chp, ha n, v.v.
122
E-BPC-4 un nc nng
Mc ch
Gim mc tiu th nng lng s dng cho h thng un nc nng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Ty chn A: un nc nng nng lng mt tri
Cung cp nc nng sinh hot bng nng lng mt tri 1
Ty chn B: un nc nng bng bm nhit
Cung cp nc nng sinh hot bng bm nhit 1
Tng quan
Cc cng ngh v gii php hiu qu nht gip gim thiu mc tiu th nng lng ca h
thng un nc nng bao gm un nc nng nng lng mt tri v un nc nng bng
bm nhit.
Tip cn & Thc hin

La chn h thng un nc nng nng lng mt tri c kch thc ph hp.
La chn h thng un nc nng bng bm nhit c kch thc ph hp v ch s COP cao

hn mc yu cu ca VBEEC (Bng E.2). Do VBEEC khng quy nh c th v iu kin nhit
v m, d n s dng ch s COP c tnh ton trong iu kin thi tit ma ng ti
khu vc d n.
Bng E.2: Ch s hiu qu nng lng COP ti thiu ca bm nhit cp nc nng (Bng 2.21, VBEEC)
Loi thit b COP Ti thiu
Bm nhit vi ngun nhit t khng kh 3

Bm nhit vi ngun nhit t nc 3.5
My iu ha khng kh c thu hi nhit
- Khi ch chy cung cp nc nng 3
- Khi chy iu ha khng kh ng thi cp nc nng 3.5
123
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t h thng un nc nng bng nng lng mt tri nh
nh chp, ha n, bin lai, v.v.
Thng s k thut cho thy ch s COP ca h thng un nc nng bng bm nhit c

lp t
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t h thng un nc nng bng bm nhit nh nh chp,
ha n, bin lai, v.v.
124
W-BPC-1 Thu nc ma
Mc ch
Khuyn khch thu nc ma gim mc tiu th nc sinh hot.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Lp t h thng thu nc ma thu gi lng nc ma ri trn mi 1
Tip cn & Thc hin

Nc ma c th c thu gom t cc b mt khng thm nc s dng lm nc sinh
hot, gip gim thiu lng nc ma chy trn cng nh qun l nhu cu h tng.
Khi thit k h thng thu nc ma, d n cn tnh ton cc yu t sau:
Khu vc thu nc ma: B mt mi cng trnh s c s dng thu nc ma. dc
ca mi s quyt nh tc chy ca nc ma trn mi trong khi tri ma. Mi c dc
ln s gip thu c lng nc ma ln v sch hn trong mt khong thi gian ngn
hn so vi mi c dc nh hoc mi bng.
Vn chuyn: Cc mng xi cn c kch thc ph hp vn chuyn lng nc ma
chy trn khi tri c ma. ng dn nc ma cng cn c kch thc ph hp, vi khong
10 cm2 ng dn cho 15 m2 mi.
Lu tr: Nc ma s c chuyn n b cha lu tr. Kch thc b cha ty thuc
vo mc tiu th nc ma hng ngy, di ca ma kh, din tch thu nc ma, din
tch khu t c th s dng t b cha, v.v.
X l: Vic x l nc ma gip m bo nc ma an ton s dng. Cn thc hin hai
bc x l (tin lu tr v hu lu tr) x l cc cht nhim vi sinh, cht nhim v
vn ha hc.
- X l tin lu tr: Mc ch ca x l tin lu tr l lm cho nc ma sch nht c

th trc khi a vo b cha. Cng on ny gip gim thiu cc cht hu c chy
vo trong b cha cng nh gim cc yu cu x l hu lu tr. X l tin lu tr tp
trung vo cc loi vn c th d dng quan st c. C th thc hin bng hai cch:
chuyn dng v mng lc.
Chuyn dng l khi dng chy u tin ca nc ma t mi c thu gi v tch
bit vi b cha. Lng nc ma ny cha nhiu cht vn t b mt mi. Trong
trng hp ny, vic bo dng h thng kh n gin nhng cn thc hin thng
xuyn.
Mng lc cht vn gip ngn chn cc cht nhim c kch thc ln chy vo b
cha. Mng lc c th c b tr ti nhiu ni trong h thng vn chuyn. Mng lc
125
c th c gn vo mng xi loi b l cy v cc loi vn khc, hoc gn vo
ng dn nc ma.
- X l hu lu tr: y l cng on rt quan trng, nhm m bo an ton cho ngi
s dng cng nh bo dng h thng. Mc x l ph thuc vo mc ch s
dng nc ma, tuy nhin d n nn thc hin phi hp nhiu bin php x l t
c hiu qu ti u. C th tham kho cc bin php x l sau:
o Lc: L bin php tng t nh mng lc, nhng c quy m nh hn. C
nhiu mc lc khc nhau v c tnh theo n v micron. Phng php
ny gip o ng knh ca cc ht m b lc c th ngn chn c. V d,
b lc 5 micron c th lc c cc ht c kch thc t 5 micron tr ln c
trong nc (1 micron bng mt phn triu ca 1 mt). B lc cn c th gip
loi b vi sinh vt, cn lng, kim loi v cc vn hu c khc. Nu s dng b
lc kch thc ln hn, cc loi vi sinh vt nh nh vi khun c th lt qua,
khi cn s dng bin php kh trng (c m t bn di). Cn kim tra
v thay b lc thng xuyn duy tr c hiu qu lc nc.
o Kh trng: Mc ch l tiu dit cc vi sinh vt c hi. Mt s loi vi sinh vt
c kch thc nh nh vi trng c th lt qua b lc kch thc ln cn phi
c x l bng cch kh trng. C 3 cch kh trng ph bin cho nc
ma, bao gm: kh trng bng clo, kh trng bng tia cc tm (UV) v kh
trng bng zn.
Kh trng bng clo l s dng ha cht clo dng kh, lng hoc kh tiu
dit vi sinh vt. Phng php ny rt hu hiu i vi vi-rt v vi khun. Li
th ca n l clo s lu li trong h thng, gip phng trnh nhim khun tr
li. Tuy nhin, vic s dng clo c th gy nguy him, cn thc hin theo ng
hng dn ca nh sn xut.
Kh trng bng tia UV cng l mt bin php ph bin. Thit b kh trng s
a nc i qua mt ng c cc n UV. Tia UV s ph v cu trc ADN ca
vi sinh vt, khin chng khng th sinh sn c. Tia UV gm c UVA v
UVB. Tia UVA gip tiu dit cc mm bnh v yu cu c c ch cnh bo
nu thit b khng hot ng. Tia UVB khng th c s dng lm bin php
kh trng duy nht m ch dng lm sch nc qua x l. Cn lu
rng tia UV c kh nng kh trng hiu qu nht khi nc trong do cn lng
trong nc c th ngn tia UV chiu vo cc loi mm bnh. Do vy cn thc
hin lc trc khi kh trng bng tia UV.
Kh trng bng zn l a kh zn vo nc, thng c thc hin khi
nc ang h thng phn phi hoc trong b cha. y l loi kh khng
mu, c th kh trng, lm oxy ha, kh mi v kh mu. zn l cht c,
126
vic lp t v bo dng h thng s dng zn cn c thc hin bi n
v chuyn mn c cp php.
o Hp ph: L phng php s dng than hot tnh (b lc than hot tnh)
ngn chn cc cht c hi nh VOC. B lc ny thng c lp t cho vi
nc. Ngoi ra, phng php ny cn gip loi b clo trong nc t qu trnh
kh trng.
Phn phi: Thnh phn phn phi ca h thng thu nc ma bao gm ton b cc
ng ng, my bm cng cc thit b khc gip vn chuyn nc t b cha v ni x l
n v tr s dng.
Hnh W.1: H thng thu nc ma
H s trnh np
nh chp cho thy cc thnh phn ca h thng thu nc ma (nh khu vc thu nc
ma, mng xi, b cha, bin php x l nc ma, my bm nc, v.v.)
S thnh phn phn phi ca h thng thu nc ma
127
W-BPC-2 Ti s dng nc sinh hot
Mc ch
Khuyn khch ti ch v ti s dng nc gim mc tiu th nc sinh hot.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Gii php A: Ti s dng nc ti tiu

S dng nc ti ch p ng nhu cu nc ti tiu 1
Gii php B: Ti s dng nc x WC

S dng nc ti ch lm nc x WC 1
Tip cn & Thc hin

Nc xm c th c ti s dng sau khi x l hoc khng cn x l. Nu thu nc xm v
khng x l, d n c th thc hin cc gii php sau:
Lp t mt h thng ng ng ring bit dn nc xm t bn tm, phng tm v

phng git ti vn cy ti tiu hoc ti cc bnh cha nc ca WC. S dng mt
h thng lc n gin loi b cc cht rn ni.
Lp t mt h thng ng ng ring bit dn nc xm qua mt h thng mng lc (
loi b cc cht rn ni v cc cht nhim) n bn cha. Khng nn lu gi nc xm
trong bn cha qu 24 ting trnh lm h hi cc thit b.
Nu nc xm c x l s dng trong cc h thng nc sinh hot, d n c th thc

hin cc bin php sau:
X l c hc: s dng bin php lc qua ct, lc qua than hot tnh, tia cc tm hay cc
cng ngh dit khun bng ozone c th c tiu dit cc tc nhn gy bnh
X l sinh hc: cc h thng thc vt (nh cc h x l, t ngp nc, tng thc vt) v
cc h thng nh gn (v d nh cc h thng bn hot tnh, b lc sinh hc hiu kh v k
kh, h thng lc ngm kh chm trong nc)
Bt k h thng nc xm no cng phi m bo kim sot cht ch nc xm v khng

c trn ln vi nc sch/nc sinh hot v nc en. Cc bin php nh s dng cc bn
cha, ng dn nc c k hiu mu, b lc, my bm, van v iu khin cn c xc nh r
rng.
Nhm m bo cc nhu cu s dng nc xm qua x l lun c p ng ( lin tc x
nc khi b cha), h thng cn c h tr bi mt ngun cung cp nc khc.
Cn kim tra, kim sot cc vn v sinh mt cch nh k trnh s hnh thnh ca cc
loi vi sinh vt gy bnh.
128
Nc ti ch hoc ti s dng cn p ng yu cu ti thiu ca cc quy chun hin hnh
trong nc hoc quc t.
Hnh W.2: H thng thu nc xm
Nc en kh x l hn v qu trnh x l nc en cn ti cc bin php vt l, ha hc, sinh

hc ng thi cn c kh trng cn thn trc khi s dng. Mt h thng x l nc en
thng bao gm 4 cng on:
Loi b cc vt th rn c kch thc ln, ct, si v vt liu nng khi nc
Phn tch cht rn v du m
Loi b cc cht hu c tan trong nc khi nc thi
Kh trng loi b cc loi sinh vt c hi
Gii php A: Ti s dng nc ti tiu

S dng nc ti ch (t nc xm hoc nc en) p ng nhu cu nc ti tiu.
Nhu cu v nc phc v ti tiu c tnh ton theo hng dn trong phn phng php
tnh hiu nng ca khon W-2 Sn vn s dng nc hiu qu. D n p dng phng php
tnh ton khc cn c s ng thun ca VGBC.
Gii php B: Ti s dng nc x WC

S dng nc ti ch (t nc xm hoc nc en) lm nc x WC.
Lng nc cn thit x WC c tnh ton theo hng dn trong phn phng php tinh
hiu nng ca khon W-1 Thit b s dng nc hiu qu.
H s trnh np
nh chp cho thy cc thnh phn ca h thng ti s dng nc (b cha, bin php x
l, my bm nc, v.v.)
S h thng phn phi nc
129
H-BPC-1 Tin nghi chiu sng
Mc ch
Khuyn khch thc hin chiu sng cht lng cao nhm m bo tin nghi chiu sng cho
ngi s dng cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
95% khng gian s dng c ri ph hp 1
Tip cn & Thc hin

ri l mt quang thng chiu ti mt n v din tch, cho thy mc chiu sng trn
mt b mt.
Thc hin theo cc mc khuyn ngh trong bng H.2 m bo mc chiu sng ph hp
cho cc khng gian sinh sng.
Bng H.2: Yu cu v ri ti thiu (Ngun: Bng 12, Hng dn p dng Quy chun k thut quc gia
QCVN 09:2013/BXD v Cc cng trnh xy dng s dng nng lng hiu qu)
ri ti thiu
V tr p dng
(lux)
Chiu sng cho cc 20 ri ti thiu cho cc li i, ca hng, sn chi ngoi tri

phng v khu vc
50 Li i hay sn chi ngoi tri
thng c s
dng thng xuyn 70 Nh l hi
v/hoc thc hin
cng vic quan st 100 Trm bin p, khu vc l hi
n gin
150 Li i bn trong nh my, ca hng, kho hng
200 ri ti thiu thc hin cng vic
Cng vic c chnh xc trung bnh, cc quy trnh chung

300
trong cng nghip ha cht v ch bin thc phm, sch
Chiu sng
Cng vic kim tra, phng v, lp rp chi tit, c kh chnh
thng thng 450
xc v yu cu mu sc
bn trong
Cng vic vn hnh my mc chnh xc, lp rp linh kin
in t v cc chi tit nh c chnh xc cao, cc ng h
1500
o v kim tra cc phn c tnh phc tp (khuyn khch s
dng chiu sng chc nng)
Cng vic c Thc hin chi tit, chnh xc cao, v c bit l cc chi
3000
chnh xc cao tit hay b phn nh
130
Tnh ton
ri c tnh ton theo phng php sau:
()
() =
( )
()
() =
( )
V d:
Phng php tnh ton mc chiu sng ph hp cho 40m2 khng gian vn phng.
Bc 1: Xc nh quang thng cn thit

p dng: Cng vic c chnh xc trung bnh
ri ti thiu: 300 lux
Quang thng cn thit: 40 m2 x 300 lux = 12000 lumen
Bc 2: Xc nh s thit b chiu sng cn thit

Lp t cc thit b chiu sng cung cp quang thng ln hn mt cht so vi 12000 lumen.
S lumen cng cao th mc chiu sng cng ln, vy tt nht khng nn vt mc 12000
lumen qu nhiu. Do , cn la chn cc thit b c hiu qu chiu sng (tham kho khon E-
4) v quang thng ph hp.
H s trnh np
Ti liu k thut ca thit b chiu sng cho thy quang thng ca thit b
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc thit b chiu sng nh nh chp, ha n, bin lai,
v.v.
131
H-BPC-2 Tin nghi thnh gic
Mc ch
Cung cp mt mi trng m thanh thoi mi cho ngi s dng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Ty chn A: Mc n bn trong cng trnh
Cc khng gian ca d n p ng cc yu cu ca TCXDVN 175:2005 Mc

1
n ti a cho php trong cng trnh cng cng Tiu chun thit k
Ty chn B: Thi gian phn r m vang
Thi gian phn ra m vang trung bnh (T60) trong cc khng gian s dng ca
1
d n ngn hn 0.6 giy
Tip cn & Thc hin

TCXDVN 175-2005 cng cc tiu chun c lin quan a ra mt s gii php c th p
dng nhm gim thiu ting n t bn trong v bn ngoi cng trnh nh :
Tng, ca s v mi s dng vt liu c cht lng cch m tt
Lp cch m cho tng v mi c cht lng cch m tt
B tr cc khu vc c yu cu cao v m hc trnh xa cc khu vc pht ra ting n
B tr cc vng m m thanh nh hnh lang, snh, ging tri, phng k thut, nh kho
gia cc khng gian cn c cch m v ngun pht ting n
Thit k sn gia cc tng mt cch ph hp
S dng tm chn hn ch ting n t bn ngoi
Cn nhc cc c tnh m hc khi la chn kt cu phn cch cc khng gian
Trnh b tr ca thng gi cnh ca s, ca i hoc ng thng gi, ni m thanh c th b
ht tr li cng trnh
Bao bc, che chn cc ng thng gi hnh ch nht bng vt liu cch m, s dng hp tiu
m v khoang cch m nhm gim ting n trong h thng ng thng gi
Mc n ti a cho php l mc n cao nht c th trong mt phng nhm m bo tin nghi

thnh gic khi thc hin cc hot ng trong phng .
Mc n ti a cho php c iu chnh da theo yu cu cht lng m thanh ca cc
phng. Bng H.8 cho bit mc thng s p dng cho cc khng gian khng yu cu cao v m
hc.
132
Bng H.8: Mc n ti a cho php trong cng trnh cng cng (Ngun: Bng 2 - TCXDVN 175-2005
Mc n ti a cho php trong cng trnh cng cng Tiu chun thit k)
Thi gian Mc n ti a
Tiu chun thit k
trong ngy (h) (dB,A)
CNG TRNH GIO DC
1- Nh tr, trng mu gio, trng tiu hc bn tr
Phng ng trong trng mu gio, trng tiu 6 - 22 45
hc bn tr 22 - 6 35
Lp hc - 50
Sn chi (ngoi tri) - 55
Vng k cn trng hc (ngoi tri) - 60
2- Trng ph thng cc cp, trng i hc v cao ng, trng chuyn nghip,
nghip v, dy ngh, trng cng nhn k thut
Phng hi tho - 45
Ging ng, lp hc, hi trng - 50
Phng th nghim - 50
Phng lm vic trong trng hc - 50
Phng ngh gio vin - 55
NH LM VIC, VN PHNG, TR S
3- Nh vn phng, tr s, c s thit k, nghin cu khoa hc
Phng lm vic, c my vn phng, my vi tnh - 50
Phng tip khch - 50
4- Ta n
Phng x n - 45
Phng lm vic - 50
CNG TRNH THNG NGHIP, DCH V
5- Ca hng, trung tm thng mi, siu th - 60
6- Nh hng n, gii kht - 55
7- Trm dch v cng cng: git l, may v, sa
- 60
cha thit b, gia dng, phng ct tc, tm
8- Tr trung tm (c hoc khng c mi) - 60
Phng php o mc n trong cng trnh cn c tin hnh theo TCVN 5964 1995: M t
v o ting n mi trng.

Thi gian phn ra m vang trong cc khng gian s dng ca d n nn ngn hn 0.6 giy.
m vang l t dng ch hin tng m thanh di ngc tr li cng nh thi gian cn thit
phn r ca m thanh di li. Thi gian phn r m vang (T60) cho bit phn x m thanh
cng nh kh nng hp th sng m ca phng. phn x cng cao th thi gian phn r m
vang cng lu. Thi gian phn r m thanh t l thun vi th tch khng gian v t l nghch vi
lng m thanh c hp th bi vt liu trong khng gian .
phn x ph thuc vo cc yu t nh hnh hc, vt dng trong phng v tnh cht ca
ngun m.
133
Tnh ton
D n c th thc hin tnh ton theo ISO 3382 m hc o thi gian phn r m vang trong
phng theo cc thng s m thanh.
Thi gian phn r m thanh cn c th c tnh ton theo l thuyt ngay t giai on thit k
bng cch s dng cc phn mm m phng c kt hp cc yu t m hc.
H s trnh np
Tnh ton mc n cho thy s p ng cc yu cu ca TCXDVN 175:2005

Kt qu tnh ton thi gian phn r m vang
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc loi vt liu c s dng trong tnh ton nh nh
chp, ha n, bin lai, v.v.
134
H-BPC-3 Tm nhn cht lng tt
Mc ch
Tng s kt ni ca ngi s dng vi mi trng bn ngoi bng cch m bo tm nhn c
cht lng tt ra bn ngoi cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
60% tng din tch s dng c tm nhn cht lng tt 1
Tip cn & Thc hin

Trong phm vi ca khon H-BPC-3, vch knh c coi l cung cp tm nhn ra bn ngoi khi:
c lp t cao t 0.8 mt n 2.2 mt so vi mt sn hon thin
Mang li hnh nh r rng ca khng gian bn ngoi, khng b cn tr bi cc cht lm knh,
si thy tinh hoc mu knh khin cn bng mu sc b sai lch
p ng c yu cu ca khon H-BPC-3, d n cn c 60% din tch s dng c tm

nhn cht lng tt ra mi trng bn ngoi. Khu vc c coi l c tm nhn cht lng tt
cn p ng t nht hai trong s cc yu cu sau y:
C tm nhn thng trc tip ra mi trng bn ngoi v khng b cn tr trong phm vi t
nht 8 mt tnh t ca knh ra bn ngoi
C tm nhn thng trc tip ra mi trng bn ngoi gip quan st c ng thc vt v
bu tri
C tm nhn thng trc tip ra mi trng bn ngoi gip quan st c cc chuyn ng
C tm nhn qua ca knh trong sut ra nhiu hng trong phm vi t nht 90
Tnh ton
Thc hin tnh ton chng minh cc din tch p ng yu cu theo quy trnh sau:
Xc nh v tr v din tch cc khng gian s dng
Xc nh phn din tch thuc khng gian s dng c tm nhn cht lng tt (p ng t
nht 2 trong s cc yu cu nu trong phn Tip cn & Thc hin)
Nu phng c t nht 75% din tch sn c tm nhn cht lng tt th c th coi l ton b
din tch sn c tm nhn cht lng tt. Nu phng c cha ti 75% din tch sn c tm
nhn cht lng tt, cn thc hin tnh ton/c lng tng din tch c tm nhn cht
lng tt.
Tnh ton t l din tch sn s dng p ng yu cu ca khon theo cng thc sau:

[%] =

135
Mi khng gian s dng c th c cc khu vc v loi tm nhn cht lng tt khc nhau. V d
trong mt phng c th c mt phn c tm nhn thng trc tip quan st c thc vt v
chuyn ng, trong khi cc phn khc c th c tm nhn khng b cn tr ti nhiu hng ca
mi trng bn ngoi.
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng v mt ng cho thy cc din tch s dng v din tch c tm nhn cht
lng tt
Bn v ca i v ca s cho thy v tr v din tch cc ca knh
Bng chng cho thy tm nhn cht lng tt nh nh chp, v.v.
136
CM-BPC-1 LOTUS AP
Mc ch
Khuyn khch s tham gia ca chuyn gia c chng nhn qun l cc kha cnh ca d
n trong giai on thit k cng nh giai on xy dng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
C mt LOTUS AP trong i thit k t giai on thit k n khi hon thnh giai on
1
xy dng
Tip cn & Thc hin
D n cn c mt chuyn gia c chng nhn, lm vic trong ni b d n hoc l chuyn

gia t vn c lp, gip m bo vic hon thnh cc mc tiu bn vng ca cng trnh v t
c thc tin hiu qu nht trong sut vng i d n. Ngi thc hin nhim v nu trn
c gi l Chuyn gia t vn cng trnh xanh v nn l mt Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS
(LOTUS AP), ngi c VGBC cp chng nhn. Nhim v ca LOTUS AP l m bo d
n s dng cc cng c phn tch ng tin cy ngay t u giai on thit k a ra gii
php thit k tch hp.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy s tham gia ca mt LOTUS AP t giai on thit k n khi hon
thnh giai on xy dng
137
CM-BPC-2 K hoch Qun l Xy dng ton din
Mc ch
Ci thin thc tin xy dng ti khu t cng nh nng cao sc nh hng ca cng trnh i
vi mi trng khu vc cng nh ngi s dng t xung quanh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Xy dng v p dng mt K hoch Qun l Xy dng bao hm ton b cc gii

1
php a ra trong khon CM-2 Qun l Xy dng
Tip cn & Thc hin
K hoch Qun l Xy dng cn ti thiu bao gm ton b cc thng tin c lit k trong
khon CM-2 Qun l Xy dng.
H s trnh np
Khng yu cu trnh np h s
138
CM-BPC-3 Chin dch nng cao nhn thc cng ng
Mc ch
Nng cao nhn thc ca cng ng v pht trin bn vng v cng trnh xanh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
Thc hin t nht 02 hot ng nng cao nhn thc cng ng 1
Tip cn & Thc hin
Nng cao nhn thc ca cng ng v LOTUS SB v cng trnh xanh bng cch thc hin t
nht hai trong s cc hot ng di y:
a) T chc chng trnh m ca cho khch tham quan vi thi lng t nht l 04 gi mi
ngy trong t nht 02 dp cui tun, tham gia trin lm hoc bui tham quan cng trnh xanh. T
chc bui tham quan c hng dn v cc tnh nng cng trnh xanh.
b) Cng b trang web vi t nht hai trang, cung cp thng tin chi tit v cc tnh nng v li ch
ca vic s hu ngi nh t chng nhn LOTUS SB.
c) Vit bo v d n LOTUS SB
d) Trng by biu tng LOTUS bn ngoi ngi nh.
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy vic thc hin t nht 02 hot ng khc nhau nhm nng cao nhn
thc ca cng ng nh nh chp, trch dn bi bo, v.v.
139
CM-BPC-4 Khng gian cng cng
Mc ch
Khuyn khch cc thit k cng trnh dnh mt phn khng gian lm khng gian cng cng
nhm gia tng s kt ni cng ng.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
10% din tch khu t l khng gian cng cng 1
Tip cn & Thc hin
Khng gian cng cng l cc khong khng gian m cho mi ngi tip cn ch khng gii
hn cho ngi s dng cng trnh. Cc loi khng gian m tiu biu nh:
Cc bi bin
Khng gian xanh, nh cc cng vin
Qung trng
H s trnh np
Bng chng cho thy cc khng gian cng cng nh nh chp, bn v mt bng, v.v.
140
Ph lc B: Phng php tnh hiu nng
E-2 V cng trnh
Mc ch
m bo vic s dng cc vt liu v k thut ph hp cho lp v cng trnh ti u hiu qu
nhit ca cng trnh.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 4 im
Gii php A: Gi tr U ca tng v mi
Gi tr U trung bnh ca tng v mi thp hn 20% so vi mc yu cu ca VBEEC 1
Gi tr U trung bnh ca tng v mi thp hn 40% so vi mc yu cu ca VBEEC 2
Gii php B: H s hp th nhit (SHGC) ca knh
SHGC ca knh thp hn 10% so vi mc yu cu ca VBEEC 1
SHGC ca knh thp hn 20% so vi mc yu cu ca VBEEC 2
Gii php C: Bc x mt tri ln b mt khng trong sut
Thc hin cc gii php gim s hp th bc x mt tri ti b mt khng trong sut 1
Tip cn & Thc hin
Thc hin cc gii php sau gim s truyn nhit qua tng v mi:
La chn vt liu c dn nhit thp (, tnh theo n v W/(m.K)) nh vt liu cch nhit
hoc vt liu nh
Tng dy ca tng v mi
B sung cc lp khng kh (c thng gi hoc khng thng gi)
VBEEC yu cu gi tr U ca cc tng bao ngoi cn thp hn 1.8 W/m2.K v gi tr U ca

mi cn thp hn 1 W/m2.K.
Gii php B: H s SHGC ca knh
La chn knh c h s SHGC thp hn cc gi tr ghi trong bng E.3 v/hoc lp t cc kt

cu chn nng ngn s hp th nhit vo cng trnh qua ca s.
Trong trng hp lp t cc kt cu chn nng, d n cn p ng c cc yu cu ti mc

2.1.5 ca VBEEC. H s SHGC ti a cho php da trn mc hiu qu ca kt cu chn
nng c lp t.
141
Bng E.3: H s SHGC ti a ca knh ph thuc vo t s WWR v hng cng trnh (Ngun: Bng 2.3
- QCVN 09:2013)
WWR SHGCmax trn 8 hng chnh

(%) B hoc T B, TB hoc N, TN N
20 0.90 0.80 0.86 0.90
30 0.64 0.58 0.63 0.70
40 0.50 0.46 0.49 0.56
50 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.45
60 0.33 0.32 0.34 0.39
70 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.33
80 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.28
90 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.25
100 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.22
hn ch tc ng ca bc x mt tri ln mi V tng khng trong sut ca cng trnh,

LOTUS yu cu:
95% b mt mi khng trong sut phi tha mn mt trong cc yu cu di y:
C h s phn x bc x mt tri > 0.7
L mi xanh
C kt cu chn nng bn ngoi. Cc tm quang in v tm thu nhit mt tri cng c
th c coi l kt cu chn nng bn ngoi cho mi khng trong sut.
V
95% din tch tng khng trong sut phi tha mn mt trong cc yu cu di y:
C h s phn x bc x mt tri > 0.4
L tng xanh
C kt cu chn nng bn ngoi.
H s trnh np
Tnh ton gi tr U ca tng ngoi v mi

Bn v kt cu tng ngoi v mi cho thy cc vt liu c s dng
Gii php B: H s SHGC ca knh
Ti liu k thut v h thng ca knh cho thy h s SHGC

Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc h thng ca knh nu nh nh chp, ha n,
v.v.
142
Bn v mt ng v mt bng cho thy cc loi b mt khng trong sut
Vi cc b mt c h s phn x bc x mt tri cao, trnh np cc ti liu k thut hoc
bng chng nhm thuyt phc v h s phn x bc x mt tri
143
E-3 H thng lm mt
Mc ch
Gim thiu nhu cu s dng h thng HVAC, tng lu thng khng kh t nhin v khuyn
khch lp t cc h thng HVAC s dng nng lng hiu qu.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 6 im
Gii php A: Thng gi t nhin

15% din tch s dng c thit k thng gi ngang hiu qu 1
1 im cho mi 15% tng thm ca din tch s dng c thit k thng gi ngang
6
hiu qu (ti a 90%)
Ton b iu ha khng kh c trang b my nn bin tn (inverter) 1

-V/HOC-
COP trung bnh ca iu ha khng kh cao hn 10% so vi yu cu ca VBEEC 1
1 im cho mi 10% COP trung bnh ca iu ha khng kh tng thm so vi yu cu

3
ca VBEEC (Ti a 30%)
Tip cn & Thc hin
Cc khng gian s dng cn c thit k c thng gi ngang hiu qu.

Thng gi ngang trong phng c coi l hiu qu khi:
- C ng thng gi trc tip (khng b cn tr) gia 2 ca s trong mt phng hoc gia
cc phng. Mt ca s c th lm ca n gi cho 2 ng thng gi khc nhau.
- Ca s c th c b tr i din hoc lin k tng ngoi. Nu t ca s trn tng
lin k, cc ca s cn cch nhau t nht 3 mt.
- Khong cch t ca n gi n ca thot gi khng vt qu 15 mt.
- Khng c nhiu hn 1 ca i hoc khong m c din tch nh hn m2 nm gia cc ca
thng gi.
- Ca s c din tch c th m ra bn ngoi ti thiu l 1 m2.
My nn bin tn:
Chn h thng iu ha khng kh c trang b my nn bin tn (hay cn gi l inverter cho
iu ha khng kh hai cm) m bo hiu qu ca h thng khi vn hnh khng y ti.
-V/HOC-
144
Ci thin ch s COP:
La chn v lp t cc thit b HVAC c ch s COP p ng cc yu cu ti thiu trong bng
E.4. Tng ch s COP ng ngha vi vic tng hiu nng ca cc h thng HVAC.
Bng E.4: Yu cu ti thiu v ch s hiu qu my iu ha khng kh lm lnh trc tip hot ng bng
in nng (VBEEC Bng 2.6)
Ch s
Loi thit b Cng sut lnh COP Th tc kim tra
ti thiu
My iu ha khng kh 1 cm - 2.30
<4.5 kW 2.60 TCVN 7830:2012

v
My iu ha khng kh 2 cm 4.5 kW v< 7.0 kW 2.50 TCVN 6307:1997
7.0 kW v< 14.0 kW 2.40
TCVN 6307:1997
14.0 kW v< 19 kW 2.93
hoc ARI 210/240
19 kW n< 40 kW 3.02
My iu ha khng kh gii nhit
bng khng kh 40 kW n< 70 kW 2.84
ARI 340/360
70 kW n< 223 kW 2.78
223 kW 2.70
< 19 kW 3.35 ARI 210/240
My iu ha khng kh gii nhit 19 kW n< 40 kW 3.37

bng nc v bng bay hi nc 40 kW n< 70 kW 3.32 ARI 340/360
70 kW 2.70
Tnh ton
T l din tch phng khch v phng ng c thit k thng gi ngang hiu qu c tnh
ton theo cng thc sau:

[%] =

Ai = Din tch i ca phng khch v phng ng c thit k thng gi ngang hiu qu [m2]
AT = Tng din tch ca ton b phng khch v phng ng trong ngi nh [m2]
Ci thin ch s COP:
p dng tnh ton cho ton b cc thit b iu ha khng kh trong cng trnh. Cng sut lnh
v cc gi tr COP cn c tnh ton trong iu kin nh gi ph hp vi cc th tc kim tra
c lit k trong bng E.4.
145
Vic tnh ton nng cao hiu qu HVAC cho khng gian c iu ha khng kh vi cc gi tr
COP trung bnh c th p dng cng thc sau:
( )
[%] = ( )
( )
Pi = Cng sut lnh ca iu ha khng kh i

Yi = COP iu ha khng kh i
YEi = COP ti thiu ca thit b c chng loi v cng sut tng ng thit b c xut i
H s trnh np
Bn v mt ng cho thy v tr v kch thc ca ton b cc khong m trn tng

Bn v mt bng cho thy cc ng thng gi v khong cch gia cc khong m
My nn bin tn:
Ti liu k thut v/hoc nh chp cho thy cc thit b c trang b cng ngh bin tn
- V/HOC -
Ci thin ch s COP:
Ti liu k thut v/hoc nh chp cho thy cng sut lnh v cng sut u vo ca h
thng iu ha khng kh
146
E-4 Chiu sng nhn to
Mc ch
Gim mc tiu th nng lng ca cc h thng chiu sng nhn to cho ni tht.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
D n c mt cng sut chiu sng c lp t thp hn 8 W/m2 1
Tip cn & Thc hin

Cng sut chiu sng lin quan n vic s dng cc h thng chiu sng nhn to c th
c gim bng nhng cch sau:
S dng thit b chiu sng (n hunh quang T5, n LED) v chn lu c hiu nng cao
Thit k chiu sng t mc chiu sng ph hp
La chn loi tng v trn ni tht c tnh cht phn x nh sng cao
S dng n phn x hoc gn b phn phn x nh sng vo trong cc b n
QCVN 09:2013/BXD quy nh mt cng sut chiu sng (LPD) ti a ca cng trnh nh l
8 W/m2. D n c th t im ti khon ny khi lp t chiu sng nhn to c mt cng
sut chiu sng thp hn (lp t t thit b chiu sng hn hoc lp t thit b c hiu sut
pht sng cao hn) bng cch thc hin theo phng php tnh hiu nng.
Tnh ton
Ngi thit k phi chng minh c mt cng sut chiu sng ca cng trnh vt mc
yu cu ca VBEEC nh phng php sau.
Tnh ton mt cng sut chiu sng trung bnh (t l gia cng sut yu cu cho chiu sng
nhn to trn tng din tch sn ca cc khng gian c chiu sng) ca cng trnh. Tnh ton
phi bao gm cng sut s dng bi cc n, chn lu, b n dng v cc thit b iu khin.

[/] =

ID = Mt cng sut chiu sng theo thit k ca cng trnh [W/m2]

PL = Cng sut cn thit chiu sng nhn to cho cng trnh) [W]
GFAL = Tng din tch sn ca khng gian c chiu sng trong ta nh [m 2]
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng sn cng trnh cho thy v tr cc thit b chiu sng
Bng chng cho thy cc thit b chiu sng c lp t nh nh chp, ha n, v.v.
147
W-1 Thit b s dng nc hiu qu
Mc ch
Gim mc tiu th nc ca cng trnh nh vo cc thit b s dng nc hiu qu.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 5 im
Gim 20% mc tiu th nc sinh hot qua thit b s dng nc so vi m hnh c s 1
1 im: cho mi 5% gim thm c ca mc tiu th nc sinh hot qua cc thit b s

5
dng nc (ti a 40%)
Tip cn & Thc hin

C th p dng cc gii php sau y gim nhu cu nc sinh hot trong cng trnh:
WC hai ch x c lu lng chy thp
Bn tiu nam c lu lng chy thp hoc khng dng nc
Phng bp v phng tm s dng vi nc, vi sen ngm kh c lu lng chy thp
Vi sen, vi nc phng bp v phng tm c lu lng chy thp
My git tit kim nc
Tnh ton
Cc tnh ton nhm so snh mc tiu th nc sinh hot ca cng trnh qua cc thit b nc
so vi m hnh c s. Mc c s ca tiu th nc hng nm cn c tnh ton vi cc gi
tr trong bng W.1 v W.2. Thay v thc hin tnh ton th cng, d n c th s dng Cng c
tnh ton s dng nc LOTUS, vi ton b tnh ton yu cu c tch hp sn.
Bng W.1: Mc c s tn sut s dng thit b hng ngy trong cng trnh vn phng, bnh vin v nh
my (Ngun: Default Fixture Uses, LEED Reference Guide for Green Building and Construction, 2009)
S ln s dng thit b hng ngy Thi gian s dng (p

Thit b dng cho cc thit b
Ngi s dng
Khch chy)
ton thi gian
WC 1 ch x (n) 3 0.5 -
1 ln x ton b/ 0.1 ln x ton b/
WC 2 ch x (n)
2 ln x mt na 0.4 ln x mt na
WC - 1 ch x (nam) 1 0.1 -
WC - 2 ch x (nam) 1 ln x ton b 0.1 ln x ton b
Bn tiu ng (nam) 2 0.4 -

15 giy; 12 giy vi
Vi chu ra mt 3 0.5
ch t ng
Vi sen 0.1 0 300 giy
Vi nc phng bp 1 0 15 giy
148
Bng W.2: Mc c s tn sut s dng thit b hng ngy trong cng trnh nh v khch sn (Ngun:
Default Fixture Uses, LEED Reference Guide for Green Building and Construction, 2009)
S ln s dng thit b hng ngy Thi gian s dng
Thit b (p dng cho cc
C dn/ Ngi s dng
Khch thit b chy)
Khch thu ton thi gian
WC 1 ch x (n) 4 3 0.5 -
0.1 ln x
1 ln x ton b/ 1 ln x ton b/ ton b/
WC 2 ch x (n)
3 ln x mt na 2 ln x mt na 0.4 ln x
mt na
WC - 1 ch x
4 1 0.1 -
(nam)
WC - 2 ch x 1 ln x ton b/ 0.1 ln x
1 x ton b
(nam) 3 ln x mt na ton b
Bn tiu ng (nam) 0 2 0.4 -

C dn: 60 giy
i tng khc: 15
Vi chu ra mt 7 3 0.5
giy hoc 12 giy
vi ch t ng
C dn: 480 giy
Vi sen 1 0.1 0 i tng khc: 300
giy
C dn: 60 giy
Vi nc phng bp 4 1 0 i tng khc: 15
giy
My git 1 /cn h 0 0
Bng W.3: Mc c s tn sut s dng thit b hng ngy trong cng trnh gio dc (Ngun: Default
Fixture Uses, LEED Reference Guide for Green Building and Construction, 2009)
S ln s dng thit b hng ngy Thi gian s
dng (p
Ngi s
Thit b Hc sinh Hc sinh dng cho
dng
(Mu gio v (Trung hc Khch cc thit b
ton thi
Tiu hc) v i hc) chy)
gian
WC 1 ch x (n) 3 1.5 3 0.5 -

0.5 ln x 1 ln x 0.1 ln x
1 ln x ton b/ ton b/ ton b/ ton b/
WC 2 ch x (n)
2 ln x mt na 1 ln x mt 2 ln x 0.4 ln x
na mt na mt na
WC - 1 ch x
1 0.5 1 0.1 -
(nam)
WC - 2 ch x 0.5 ln x 1 ln x 0.1 ln x
1 ln x ton b
(nam) ton b ton b ton b
Bn tiu ng (nam) 2 1 2 0.4 -

15 giy; 12
Vi chu ra mt 3 1.5 3 0.5 giy vi ch
t ng
Vi sen 0 0 0.1 0 300 giy
Vi nc phng bp 0 0 1 0 15 giy
149
Bng W.4 Mc c s tn sut s dng thit b hng ngy trong cng trnh thng mi (Ngun: Default
Fixture Uses, LEED Reference Guide for Green Building and Construction, 2009)
S ln s dng thit b hng ngy Thi gian s dng
Thit b (p dng cho cc
Khch mua Ngi s dng
Khch thit b chy)
hng ton thi gian
WC 1 ch x (n) 0.2 3 0.5 -

0.1 ln x ton 0.1 ln x
b/ 1 ln x ton b/ ton b/
WC 2 ch x (n)
0.1 ln x mt 2 ln x mt na 0.4 ln x
na mt na
WC - 1 ch x (nam) 0.1 1 0.1 -
0.1 ln x ton 0.1 ln x

WC - 2 ch x (nam) 1 ln x mt na
b ton b
Bn tiu ng (nam) 0.1 2 0.4 -
15 giy; 12 giy vi
Vi chu ra mt 0.2 3 0.5
ch t ng
Vi sen 0 0.1 0 300 giy
Vi nc phng bp 0 1 0 15 giy
Bng W.5: Mc c s lng nc tiu th qua thit b (Ngun: UPC and IPC Standards)
Thit b Lng nc thit b s dng
WC (1 hoc 2 ch x) 6.0 lt mt ln x (Lpf)
Bn tiu ng (x) 3.79 lt mt ln x (Lpf)
Vi nc (thng thng) 0.14 lt/giy (L/s)
Vi sen 0.16 lt/giy (L/s)
Vi nc phng bp 0.14 lt/giy (L/s)
My git 120 lt/ ln git
Khi thc hin cc tnh ton tn sut s dng nc mc c s v mc thit k, cn a ra

nhng gi nh sau y:
T l gii tnh ca ngi s dng cng trnh; nu khng c c s liu c th, t t l ny
mc 1:1
S ln s dng thit b hng ngy v thi gian s dng thit b x cn thc hin theo cc gi
tr ghi trong bng W.1.
Tnh ton mc tiu th nc hng nm qua cc thit b s dng nc:
[/]
= [( ) + ( )]
150
F = T l cc thit b
S lng thit b vi tc x/chy nht nh

F=
Tng s thit b cng loi
n = S ln s dng mt loi thit b hng ngy ca 1 ngi

P = S lng ngi s dng trong cng trnh
Qx = Mc tiu th nc trong mt ln x ca mi loi thit b x [L]
Qchy = Tc chy ca mi loi thit b chy [L/s]
tchy = Thi gian s dng ca mi loi thit b chy [s]
O= S ngy vn hnh trong nm
[%]
( )
= ( )
( )
V d:
Mt cng trnh c 40 ngi s dng (t l gii tnh l 1:1) lp t cc thit b s dng nc
c lit k trong Bng W.3.
Bng W.3: V d - S lng thit b trong cng trnh trnh v tc chy/ x
Thit b lp t Lng nc thit b

S lng thit b
trong cng trnh s dng
WC 2 ch x 6 3.0 - 4.5 Lpf
Bn tiu ng 3 2.5 Lpf
Vi nc phng tm 1 4 0.12 L/s
Vi nc phng tm 2 2 0.10 L/s
Vi sen 2 0.14 L/s
Vi nc phng bp 1 0.12 L/s
Bng W.4: V d - Tnh ton lng nc s dng hng ngy qua cc thit b m hnh c s
S ln S ngi Lng nc
Thit b lp t
F QX/Chy s dng hng s dng s dng hng ngy
trong cng trnh
ngy (n) (P) qua thit b (L)
WC - nam 1 6 Lpf 1 20 120
WC n 1 6 Lpf 3 20 360
Bn tiu ng 1 3.79 Lpf 2 20 151.6
0.14 L/s
Vi nc phng tm 1 3 40 252
(15 giy)
0.14 L/s
Vi nc phng bp 1 1 40 84
(15 giy)
0.16 L/s
Vi sen 1 0.1 40 192
(300 giy)
Tng lng nc hng ngy qua thit b 1159.6
Mc c s ca lng nc s dng hng nm qua thit b 423.25
151
Bng W.5: V d - Tnh ton lng nc s dng hng ngy qua cc thit b m hnh thit k
S ln Lng nc
S ngi
Thit b lp t s dng s dng hng
F QX/Chy s dng
trong cng trnh hng ngy ngy qua thit b
(P)
(n) (L)
WC - nam 1 4.5 Lpf 1 20 90

2 1
WC n 1 ( 3 + 4.5) 3 20 210
3 3
Bn tiu ng 1 2.5 Lpf 2 20 50
Vi nc phng tm 1 2/3 0.12 L/s (15 sec) 3 40 144

Vi nc phng tm 2 1/3 0.1 L/s (15 sec) 3 40 60
Vi nc phng bp 1 0.12 L/s (15 sec) 1 40 72
Vi sen 1 0.14 L/s (300 sec) 0.1 40 168
Tng lng nc hng ngy qua thit b 794
Tng lng nc s dng hng nm qua thit b 289.8
.
[%] = ( ) = . %
.
Cng trnh t c mc gim 31.5% lng nc sinh hot tiu th qua cc thit b so vi m
hnh c s nn t c 3 im.
H s trnh np
Ti liu do nh sn xut cng b ca mi thit b s dng nc c lp t cho thy mc

s dng nc ca thit b (lu lng x, lu lng chy hoc lng nc s dng trong
mt ln x ton b)
Bng chng cho thy vic lp t cc thit b s dng nc hiu qu nh nh chp, ha
n, v.v.
152
W-2 Sn vn s dng nc hiu qu
Mc ch
Gim thiu mc tiu th nc sinh hot phc v ti sn vn.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 2 im
Gim 50% lng nc sinh hot s dng vo vic ti sn vn so vi mc tiu th c s 1
Gim 80% lng nc sinh hot s dng vo vic ti sn vn so vi mc tiu th c s 2
Tip cn & Thc hin
C nhiu gii php khc nhau gim thiu mc tiu th nc sinh hot s dng cho mc ch
ti tiu. D n c th thc hin cc bin php c nu di y.
Cnh quan chu hn v Cy trng bn a
Trng cc loi cy bn a v/hoc cy thch nghi vi kh hu gim yu cu ti nc.

Cy chu hn tiu biu nh:
- Cy mng nc: xng rng, l hi, h thu du...
- Cy h keo: keo l trm v keo tai tng l hai loi cy h keo c trng ph bin
nht Vit Nam.
Gim din tch bi c, do c thng tiu th nhiu nc.
Thng xuyn duy tr lp ph. Lp ph ng vai tr quan trng i vi cnh quan chu hn
bi n gip t gi c m. Che ph b mt xung quanh cy trng vi l hoai mc,
phn hu c th, v cy, mn g hoc si. Lp ph gip n nh nhit t bo v r
cy khi qu nhit.
Bn phn ng cch.
S dng phng php kim sot cn trng v dch bnh t c hi.
H thng ti s dng nc hiu qu
Cc h thng ti s dng nc hiu qu nc cn c lp t khi ph hp, gip tit kim

nc ng k. V d nh:
S dng h thng ti nh git hoc c sc kh gip a nc trc tip n gc cy. Gii
php ny tiu th nc t hn 30% n 50% so vi cc h thng ti phun thng thng
H thng ti tiu gn vi mt trong nhng thit b sau:
- ng h iu chnh bng tay vi khong thi gian ti a l 02 gi; hoc
153
- ng h t ng, s dng mt cm bin o m t hoc cm bin ma
ngn vic h thng vn hnh trong khi tri ma hoc ti ni t c m
duy tr vic tng trng ca cy trng
Nn thc hin theo cc nguyn tc qun l h thng ti ti sau y:

Xy dng mt k hoch ti nc chnh xc da trn kin thc v c tnh ca cc loi
cy nhm gim thiu lng nc s dng cho ti tiu
Ti nc vi lu lng ph hp khng gy ngp ng v chy trn
Khng ti nc khi t m (do ma hoc bt c hnh thc ti nc no)
duy tr s tng trng ca cy trng
Ti ng cch nc khng chy ln cng trnh hoc cc b mt cng
Khng ti nc trong khi c gi mnh do din tch phn b nc ca cc h thng ti b
nh hng
Ch ti vn c lp ph ph hp gim s bay hi ca nc
S dng nc ti ch/ ti s dng hoc nc ma d tr
Cc h thng tr nc ti ch/ti s dng v/hoc nc ma c th c tch hp trong h

thng nc ca cng trnh phc v mc ch ti sn vn. Tuy nhin, cn lc b cc cht
c hi trong nc trc khi ti cho cy. Vic s dng x phng v cht ty ra cn c
cn nhc k cng; nn s dng cht ty ra thn thin vi mi trng, c th phn hy sinh
hc v khng gy tn hi n cy trng.
Tnh ton
Nhu cu nc ti cho khu vc sn vn c th c th hin qua cc tnh ton.
Tng nhu cu nc ti cho khu vc sn vn c th c tnh bng phng trnh sau. Nhu
cu cn c tnh ton cho tng loi ca thm thc vt khc nhau trong sn vn (v d nh
bi c, bi cy, cy g...) ri tnh tng. D n c th dng Cng c tnh ton s dng nc
LOTUS vi cc tnh ton cn thit c tch hp sn thay v thc hin tnh ton th cng.

[ ] =

=

[ ] = ( )

=
* Nu nhu cu nc ti cho bt k din tch hoc thng no trong nm t hn 0, nhu cu

c coi l bng 0 khi tnh ton tng nhu cu nc ti.
154
Trong :
Tng din tch sn vn c phn chia thnh n khu vc vi nhng c tnh khc nhau
Nhu cu nc tii = Nhu cu nc ti cho cnh quan mm i
Din tch i = Din tch cnh quan mm i (m2),
ET0 m = bc hi nc trung bnh hng thng tham kho (mm/thng) ca thng m
Ksi = H s loi khu vc i (trong tnh ton ny, Ks ca tt c cc loi bn a c coi l "thp")
Kdi = Mt khu vc i
Kmi = Ch s vi kh hu khu vc i (v d, khu vc c chn nng hoc c mi che Km thp,
khu vc bin cnh va h hoc mi nh cao)
IEi = H s hiu qu ti khu vc i (v d ti nh git IE = 0.9, ti phun IE = 0.625, cnh
quan chu hn khng cn ti tiu IE = 1)
Enc ma m = Lng ma hiu qu thng m (mm). Lng ma hiu qu l t l lng ma c
gi tr cho cy trng v c th tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
Lng ma hiu qu thng m (mm) = ( ) .
Lng ma ngyd l lng ma ca ngy d.

Nu khng c d liu v lng ma theo ngy, lng ma hng thng s c tnh ton da
theo s ngy ma a ra lng ma trung bnh hng ngy cho phng trnh trn
Nu sn vn i c che chn hoc che chn mt phn, p dng t l phn trm gim i
lng ma hiu qu cho sn vn i
Cc gi tr tiu biu cho cc tham s c ghi trong Bng W.6.
Bng W.6: Gi tr tiu chun ca h s loi, mt v vi kh hu ca cc khu vc c thm thc vt

(Ngun: LEED Reference Guide for Green Building and Construction, 2009)
H s loi (Ks) H s mt (Kd) Ch s vi kh hu (Km)
Loi thm thc vt Trung Trung Trung
Thp Cao Thp Cao Thp Cao
bnh bnh bnh
Cy xanh 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.4
Cy bi 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.3
Lp ph b mt 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.2
Bi c 0.55 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.2
Nhu cu nc ti cn c chuyn i thnh nhu cu cho mi mt vung din tch sn vn

bng cch s dng phng trnh sau y:
( /)
// =
( )
Nhu cu nc ti cho cnh quan mm (khng bao gm cc khu vc cng) tiu chun ti Vit
Nam l = 1.1 m3/m2/nm.
155
C th so snh mc tiu th nc cho cnh quan mm vi mc tiu chun bng cc bc
sau:
1. Xc nh din tch cnh quan mm
2. Xc nh nhu cu nc ti hng nm cho mi mt vung din tch cnh quan mm, c
th thc hin bng cch dng thit b o hoc phng php tnh ton nhu cu nc ti
3. Tnh ton mc gim nhu cu nc ti bng phng trnh sau y:
/
[%] = ( )
. / /
V d
Mt cng trnh TP. H Ch Minh c sn vn (gi tr ET0 v Enc ma theo Bng W.11) bao
gm 60 m2 din tch cy xanh bn a, 60 m2 din tch cy bi bn a, 40 m2 din tch lp ph
bn a v 40 m2 c bn a vi h s loi trung bnh. Tt c cc khu vc thm thc vt c
ti nc bng h thng ti nh git. i vi TP. H Ch Minh, lng ma hiu qu hng
nm l 854 mm.
Bng W.7: Gi tr ET0 v Enc ma hng thng ca thnh ph H Ch Minh
TP HCM Th 1 Th 2 Th 3 Th 4 Th 5 Th 6 Th 7 Th 8 Th 9 Th 10 Th 11 Th 12
ET0 (mm) 120 135 145 147 136 120 118 114 112 107 106 104
Enc ma
0.0 0.0 2.6 18.0 88.5 137.3 144.4 126.8 141.0 139.9 55.9 0.0
(mm)
Bng W.8: V d - Gi tr tiu chun ca h s loi, mt v vi kh hu cho khu vc c thm thc vt
Ch s vi Hiu qu Nhu cu
Din tch H s loi (Ks) H s mt
kh hu ti (IE) nc ti
Loi thc vt cnh quan (trung bnh) (Kd)
(Km) Nh git hng nm
(m2) (thp vi c) Trung bnh
Trung bnh trn bi c (m3)
Cy xanh 60 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 7.44

Cy bi 60 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 7.44
Lp ph 40 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 4.96
C 40 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 21.18
Tng 200 41.03
2
41.03 m3 /nm
Nhu cu nc ti/m /nm = = 0.205 m3 /m2 /nm
200 m2
0.205 m3 /m2 /nm

Mc gim nhu cu nc ti [%] = (1 ) 100% = 81.4%
1.1 m3 /m2 /nm
D n t 2 im do gim c 81.4% lng nc s dng vo vic ti sn vn so vi m

hnh c s.
156
H s trnh np
K hoch thit k cnh quan c km theo danh sch tt c cc loi cy trng
Nu s dng h thng ti s dng nc hiu qu: trnh np bn m t cc thit b ti
tit kim nc v bn v cho thy v tr ca thit b
Nu dng bin php ti ch, ti s dng nc hoc thu nc ma: trnh np bn v s
mng li ti tiu nc xut
157
H-4 Chiu sng t nhin
Mc ch
Khuyn khch thit k cng trnh gip ti u ha chiu sng t nhin.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 3 im
50% tng din tch s dng c h s chiu sng t nhin trung bnh t t 1% tr ln 1
Tip cn & Thc hin

Cc gii php thit k to iu kin cho chiu sng t nhin bao gm:
Snh thng tng
B tr ca s
Ging tri
Tm ht sng bn trong nh
Tnh ton
Vic d on h s chiu sng t nhin (DF) cn s dng nhiu thng tin v cng trnh v
khng gian xung quanh. DF cn phi c tnh ton cho tt c cc khng gian s dng.
Cc tnh ton cho khon ny c th c thc hin bng cch s dng mt phn mm m
phng chiu sng t nhin hoc s dng mt bng tnh. Bng tnh ph hp cho cng trnh n
gin hay cc ta nh thng. Vi nhng cng trnh c kin trc phc tp, nh cc ta nh cong
hay c nhiu mt, cn s dng phn mm m phng chiu sng t nhin c kt qu tnh
ton chnh xc hn.
Phn mm m phng chiu sng t nhin
S dng kt qu tnh ton h s chiu sng t nhin bng mt phn mm m phng chiu
sng t nhin tnh gi tr h s chiu sng t nhin trung bnh ca khng gian s dng. Thi
im mc nh c s dng tnh ton h s chiu sng t nhin l 12 gi, ngy 21 thng
9.
Bng tnh
DF trung bnh ca mi din tch s dng c tnh nh sau (cng thc c pht trin bi T
chc Nghin cu Cng trnh, Vng quc Anh)

=
( )
158
DF = H s chiu sng trung bnh [%]
Ag = Din tch ca knh trong khng gian (tr cc khung ca v din tch cn sng [m2]
Atng = Tng din tch mt trong ca khng gian [m2]
= Gc nhn thy bu tri t tm im ca ca s [Rad], c xc nh nh trong hnh H.4
M = H s bo tr. H s ny tnh vic bm bi bn trn b mt ngoi ca knh v cn nhc v tr ca
cng trnh, mc ch s dng ca phng v nghing ca ca (Bng H.4)
t = xuyn sng (s dng cc gi tr trong bng H.2 nu khng c s liu ca nh sn xut)
= H s phn x bc x mt tri trung bnh ca cc mt phng trong phng (c th s dng cc gi tr
xut trong Bng H.6)
Hnh H.4: Gc nhn thy bu tri t tm ca ca s
Bng H.4: H s bo tr (Ngun: Introduction to Architectural Science, Steven V. Szokolay)
iu kin ca s
Khu vc nghing
Sch Bn
Thng ng 0.9 0.8
Ngoi khu cng nghip Nm nghing 0.8 0.7
Nm ngang 0.7 0.6
Thng ng 0.8 0.7
Khu cng nghip Nm nghing 0.7 0.6
Nm ngang 0.6 0.5
Bng H.5: xuyn sng (Ngun: Efficient Windows Collaborative)
Loi knh xuyn sng
Trong sut 0.90

Knh n M/Mu 0.68
Phn quang 0.27
Trong sut 0.81
M/Mu 0.62
Knh kp Phn quang 0.10
Knh Low-e c h s hp th bc x cao 0.75
Knh Low-e c h s hp th bc x thp 0.64
159
Bng H.6: Cc gi tr phn x xut cho trn, tng v sn (Ngun: CIBSE Guide F Energy Efficiency
in Buildings)
B mt trong phng Gi tr phn x xut
Trn 0.7
Tng 0.5
Sn 0.2
Vi c hai cch tnh ton, cn thc hin theo phng php sau:
Tnh DF trung bnh ca tt c cc khng gian s dng
Xc nh tt c cc khng gian c DF cao hn 1%
Cc khng gian nh vy c coi l p ng yu cu ca khon Chiu sng t nhin
Tnh tng din tch p ng yu cu v DF ri so snh vi tng din tch s dng ca cng
trnh theo cng thc sau:

[%] =

AC = Din tch s dng t yu cu v chiu sng t nhin (tng din tch cc phng t yu cu) [m2]
AO = Tng din tch s dng [m2]
H s trnh np
Bn v mt bng v mt ng cho thy cc din tch s dng, cc din tch p ng yu

cu v ch r v tr, din tch lp knh
160
LE-7 Mi cht lnh
Mc ch
Khuyn khch vic la chn v s dng cc loi mi cht lnh khng lm gia tng s nng ln
ton cu hoc ph hoi tng ozon.
Yu cu
Tiu ch 1 im
H s tc ng trung bnh ca mi cht lnh ti bu kh quyn t tt c cc h thng

1
iu ha khng kh lp t trong ta nh mc di 11
Tip cn & Thc hin

D n nn s dng cc cht lm lnh t gy tc ng n bu kh quyn nh cc cht c lit
k trong Bng LE.7. Nhn chung cc cht lm lnh u c ch s GWP100 thp (di 2000)
v h s ODP bng 0.
Tc ng ca cht lm lnh ln bu kh quyn cng c th c hn ch bng cch s dng

thit b s dng t cht lm lnh (hn ch s dng h thng lm lnh trung tm phn phi trc
tip) gip m bo t l r r cht lm lnh thp (di 2% mi nm).
Bng LE.7: Mt s mi cht lnh t gy tc ng n bu kh quyn (theo s liu t Bo co nh gi ln

th 5, nm 2013 ca IPCC - IPCC Fifth Assessment Report 2013)
Mi cht lnh ODP GWP100

R134a 0 1.300
R407A 0 1.923
R407C 0 1.624
R410A 0 1.924
CO2 0 1
Tnh ton
S dng phng trnh sau y tnh ton tc ng ca mi cht lnh ln bu kh quyn ca
h thng iu ha khng kh s dng trn 250g mi cht lnh trong cng trnh:
[( + ) ]
=

161
Trong :
Qn v = Cng sut lnh ca mt thit b iu ha khng kh (kW)
Qtng = Tng cng sut lnh ca tt c cc thit b iu ha khng kh (kW)
LCGWP Ch s tim nng gy m ton cu trong sut vng i thit b (kg CO2/kW/nm) v
LCODP - Ch s tim nng gy suy gim tng ozon trong sut vng i thit b (kg CFC-
11/kW/nm) c tnh nh sau:
LCGWP = [GWPr (Lr Life + Mr) Rc] / Life
LCODP = [ODPr (Lr Life + Mr) Rc] / Life
GWPr = Ch s tim nng gy m ton cu ca mi cht lnh (0 n 12,000 kg CO2/kg mi

cht lnh) theo Bo co nh gi ln th 5 ca IPCC (AR5) nm 1995.
ODPr = Ch s tim nng gy suy gim tng ozon (0 n 0.2 kg CFC-11/kg mi cht lnh) theo
cc quy nh bo v ozone tng bnh lu ti 40 CFR Phn 82
Lr = T l r r mi cht lnh (0.5% n 2.0%; mc nh l 2% nu khng c chng minh khc)
Mr = T l tht thot mi cht lnh trong ton vng i sn phm (2% n 10%; mc nh l
10% nu khng c chng minh khc)
Rc = Lng mi cht lnh s dng (0.2 2.3 kg mi cht lnh trn mi kW cng sut lnh)
Life = Vng i thit b (mc nh da trn Bng LE.8, tr trng hp c chng minh khc)
Bng LE.8: Vng i ca mt s loi thit b (Ngun: ASHRAE Applications Handbook, 2007)
Loi thit b Tui th khuyn ngh (nm)
iu ha khng kh dng ca s v bm nhit 10

iu ha khng kh dng mt cc, dng 2 mnh, dng
15
ghp v bm nhit
My nn piston, my nn xon c v chiller piston 20
Chiller hp th 23
iu ha khng kh gii nhit bng nc 24
Chiller ly tm v trc vt 25
H s trnh np
Ti liu k thut ca ton b h thng iu ha khng kh v t lnh/ t ng c lp t
cho thy loi mi cht lnh c s dng
162
Phn thut ng
Chng nhn LOTUS
Bn ng k - C nhn/t chc np n ng k Chng nhn LOTUS cho cng trnh.
i din Bn ng k - i din Bn ng k l ngi chu trch nhim i vi ton b qu

trnh np h s nh gi, cp chng nhn theo H thng nh gi LOTUS. i din Bn ng
k s lin lc trc tip vi i din VGBC trong sut qu trnh nh gi & Cp chng nhn
LOTUS.
n ng k y l bc u tin ca qu trnh n k d n. Khi n ng k hon

thnh, n v nh gi s kim tra tnh cp nht v s y ca cc thng tin lin quan, thc
hin ng k d n v yu cu np ph nh gi cp chng nhn v k kt Tha thun nh
gi Cp Chng nhn.
n v nh gi T chc thc hin vic nh gi cc d n ng k Chng nhn LOTUS.
i din n v nh gi L ngi do n v nh gi ch nh trong qu trnh ng k d n,

ng vai tr u mi lin lc vi i din Bn ng k trong sut qu trnh thc hin d n.
Hng mc - Hng mc l mt nhm cc Khon c chung mc ch v tc ng mi trng.
Tha thun nh gi & Cp chng nhn - Hp ng mang tnh php l c k kt gia VGBC
v Bn ng k khi ng k d n vi VGBC.
Ph nh gi & Cp chng nhn - L loi ph ng mt ln duy nht cho VGBC nhm phc v
ton b quy trnh nh gi v Cp chng nhn LOTUS theo Tha thun nh gi & Cp chng
nhn.
Khon - Mi khon u c mt mc ch c th d n thc hin nhm t im theo khung

nh gi ca b H thng nh gi LOTUS.
Chuyn gia t vn LOTUS - Hay LOTUS AP, l ngi c o to v vt qua bi thi v

Cng c nh gi LOTUS. Khi c cp chng nhn, cc LOTUS AP c th lm vic nh cc
chuyn gia t vn c lp hoc thnh vin ca d n.
Xp hng Chng nhn LOTUS L kt qu m d n t c sau khi n v nh gi thc

hin nh gi h s trnh np giai on Chng nhn chnh thc. Cc mc xp hng bao gm:
Chng nhn LOTUS, LOTUS Bc, LOTUS Vng v LOTUS Bch kim.
163
Hng dn k thut LOTUS - Ti liu hng dn ngi s dng cch thc thc hin t
c Chng nhn LOTUS; bao gm cc hng dn k thut cho tt c cc khon ca LOTUS
nhm gip ngi dng hiu c mc ch, yu cu, phng php tip cn v thc hin,
phng php tnh ton cng cc h s trnh np cn thit.
M D n (PIN) - L m s gm mt dy 8 ch s c cp cho d n khi thc hin ng k

d n vi LOTUS. M s ny s c s dng khi i din Bn ng k trnh np cc h s
cho VGBC.
Np h s - Np h s l qu trnh Bn ng k trnh np ton b cc h s cn thit cho i

din VGBC thc hin nh gi.
Phn H s trnh np - Bao gm thng tin v cc loi h s trnh np c yu cu cho qu

trnh nh gi & Cp chng nhn LOTUS.
H s trnh np LOTUS
Bn v - Bn v k thut hai chiu ca mt khng gian hay mt vt th.
Bn v mt ng - Bn v mt nhn thy ca cng trnh t mt hng, bn v hai chiu biu

din mt mt ng ca ta nh.
Ha n/bin lai - Bng chng v vic mua hng gia ngi bn vi ngi mua.
nh chp D n c th s dng nh chp lm bng chng chng minh vic thc hin cc
gii php, lp t cc thit b, v.v. nh chp trong h s trnh np cn p ng cc yu cu
sau:
- C thi gian c th
- Hnh nh r rng, khng b m, nhe
- Vi mi tnh nng xanh cn cung cp nhiu nh chp ( nhiu gc khc nhau), cho
thy c c v tr cng nh cc c im c th (tn chng loi, cng sut,) ca thit b
c s dng.
- Ton b cc gii php trong mt khon cn c chng minh qua nh chp (v d trong
khon W-1, cn trnh np nh chp ton b cc WC c lu lng x thp lp t trong
cng trnh)
Bn v mt bng - Mt bng sn l bn v kin trc quan trng nht, cho thy cch b tr cc
khng gian trong cng trnh ti cc tng khc nhau. Mt bng l hnh chiu mt ct theo
phng nm ngang qua cng trnh (thng thng cao 3 feet/ 1 mt tnh t sn), cho thy
cc tng, ca s, ca i cng nh cc kt cu khc ca tng c biu din.
164
Bn v mt bng khu t - Bn v hoc nh chp biu din chnh xc khu t xy dng quy
hoch hoc hon thin theo mt t l nht nh (nhm xch nh cc kch thc v khong
cch). Bn v mtbng khu t thng cho thy cc ch gii khu t, v tr cng trnh, cnh
quan, a hnh, thm thc vt, thot nc, vng ngp lt, phn vng, ng giao thng, ng
i b v mt s c tnh khc ca khu t.
Quy hoch tng th
Din tch cng trnh - Phn din tch mt bng sn tng trt ca cng trnh, c bao bc bi
tng ngoi v cc kt cu lin k c chung phn mng vi cng trnh nh cc sn l thin,
hnh lang v ga-ra xe.
Du chn pht trin - Din tch khu t chu nh hng trc tip bi hot ng xy dng, bao
gm cc cu trc cng trnh, b mt vt liu cng, ng giao thng, bi xe v cc kt cu
phi cng trnh
B mt vt liu cng - Loi cnh quan bao gm cc din tch mt lt nh ng ph, ng i

b, khu lin hp thng mi v pht trin nh v cc khu cng nghip khc.
Din tch phi cng trnh - Bng din tch khu t tr i din tch cng trnh; bao gm khng gian
m, b mt vt liu cng, ng giao thng, bi xe v cc kt cu phi cng trnh khc
Din tch khu t - Ton b din tch ca khu t xy dng.
Khu vc thm thc vt - Phn din tch ca d n khng c lt v c lp ph thc vt.
165
Hnh G.1: Hnh minh ha din tch khu t
166
Thut ng
Phn m rng - Cu trc xy dng trn mt cng trnh hin hu lm tng din tch sn.
Sa cha li - Hot ng ci to khng lin quan n cc cu trc chu lc chnh, lp v ngoi

hoc mi cng trnh. Vic ci to c th bao gm cc hot ng c th lm thay i lp v cng
trnh hoc mt bng sn nh tho d/ xy dng tng ni tht hoc ca s. Cc thay i, sa
cha nh nh lp t thit b nc mi, thay th mt s thit b in hoc ca s, v.v. s khng
c tnh l sa cha li.
V cng trnh - Kt cu bao bc cc khng gian c iu ha ca mt cng trnh m thng

qua kt cu ny, nhit nng c truyn qua li gia khng gian c iu ha vi mi trng
bn ngoi hoc cc khng gian khng c iu ha.
Ch s hiu qu my lnh (COP) - T s gia cng sut lnh thu c vi cng sut tiu th
in u vo vi cng n v tnh ca ton b h thng lm lnh hoc thit b lm lnh cng
nghip, c tnh ton theo tiu chun trong nc c cng nhn hoc iu kin vn hnh
xc nh. Ch s COP ca my iu ha khng kh gii nhit bng khng kh hot ng bng
in nng bao gm cc my nn kh, thit b bay hi v dn ngng. COP ca my lm lnh
nc khng bao gm nc lnh hoc my bm nc bnh ngng hay qut chuyn dng ca
thp gii nhit.
H s chiu sng t nhin - T l gia ri trong phng vi ri bn ngoi cng trnh trong
cng mt thi im. H s chiu sng t nhin c dng nh gi mc chiu sng t
nhin trong mt khng gian hoc mt b mt.
Ca s/ Vch knh - Cu kin cho php nh sng truyn qua trn tng v mi cng trnh; bao
gm ca knh (bng thy tinh hoc nha), cu kin khung (khung gia, song ca) v cc kt
cu chn nng bn ngoi, kt cu chn nng bn trong v kt cu chn nng ton din.
Ngi s dng ton thi gian Bao gm cc cng nhn vin lm vic trong cng trnh. S
lng ngi s dng ton thi gian c tnh bng s ngi lm vic 8 ting mi ngy ti
cng trnh. S lng ngi s dng bn thi gian c tnh ton theo cc gi tr tng ng,
vi s gi s dng bng s gi lm vic ca h chia cho 8.
Kh nh knh (GHG) - Kh nh knh l cc loi kh t nhin hoc nhn to trong kh quyn, c

kh nng hp th v pht thi bc x ti cc bc sng nht nh trong vng quang ph ca
bc x hng ngoi pht ra t b mt Tri t, bu kh quyn v my. c tnh ny gy ra hiu
ng nh knh. Cc kh nh knh ph bin trong kh quyn Tri t bao gm hi nc (H2O),
cacbon ixt (CO2), nit xt (N2O), mtan (CH4) and zn (O3). (Theo nh ngha ti Phn
thut ng trong AR4 SYR ca IPCC)
167
Tng din tch sn (GFA) - Tng ton b din tch cc sn c bao bc, che kn ton b hoc
che kn khng ton b ca mt cng trnh ti tt c cc tng. Mt s c quan thng mi hoc
cng cng c th dng cch nh ngha khc. Din tch bi xe khng c tnh vo GFA.
Ch s tim nng gy m ton cu (GWP100) - Gi tr gn cho mi cht lnh da trn cc tnh

ton khoa hc cho thy mc nh hng ca mi loi mi cht lnh i vi s m ln ton
cu khi mi cht lnh c a vo kh quyn. Gi tr tham chiu c da trn mc
nh hng ca CO2 trong kh quyn, vi ch s GWP l 1. Ch s GWP thng c tnh ton
trong khong thi gian 100 nm v mi cht lnh c ch s GWP cng thp th cng t gy hi
n mi trng.
HVAC (H thng si, thng gi v iu ha khng kh) - Cc thit b, mng li phn phi, v
cc thit b u ra thc hin chc nng si m, thng gi, hoc iu ha khng kh cho cng
trnh mt cch ring bit hoc tp trung.
ri - Mt quang thng chiu ti mt n v din tch b mt; c tnh bng n v lux

hay lm/m2 v l thng s ca quang thng (lumen) chia cho din tch b mt c chiu sng
(m2).
Lumen (Lm) - Quang thng theo n v o lng quc t (SI), l i lng trc quang cho bit
cng sut bc x ca chm nh sng pht ra t mt ngun im pht sng.
Chiu sng t nhin - Cng ngh hoc gii php thit k c s dng chiu sng cho cng
trnh m khng cn tiu th in nng. Mc d ti a ha chiu sng t nhin s gim tiu th
in nng phc v chiu sng, nhng vic hp th qu nhiu bc x mt tri s lm nng cng
trnh v tng ti lm mt.
Thng gi t nhin - Cng ngh hoc gii php thit k c s dng thng gi cho cng
trnh m khng cn tiu th in nng. Thng gi t nhin, khng ging nh thng gi cng
bc, s dng cc lung gi t nhin v hiu ng ng khi mang gi ti vo bn trong cng
trnh.
Din tch s dng (NOA) - Tng din tch cc khng gian s dng trong cng trnh.
Vt liu khng nung - L vt liu xy dng t ng rn v c c cc c tnh vt l cn thit

(cp bn chu nn, un, kh nng thm nc) m khng cn tri qua qu trnh nung bng
nhit. Theo Quyt nh s 567/Q-TTg (V vic Ph duyt chng trnh pht trin vt liu xy
khng nung n nm 2020), chnh ph Vit Nam chnh thc ng h vic ng dng vt liu
khng nung thay th gch nung truyn thng, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy
nhim v lng ph nng lng.
168
Khng gian s dng Khng gian c che kn, phc v cc hot ng sng ca con ngi.
Khng gian s dng bao gm khng gian lm vic (phng lm vic, phng hp, phng th
nghim, v.v.), khng gian s kin (snh, khu vc bn hng, th vin, phng tp th dc, v.v.),
khng gian sinh hot chung (khu vc l tn, phng ch, snh ch, v.v.) v khng gian hc tp
(phng hc, lp hc). Khng gian s dng khng bao gm cc khu vc nh hnh lang, cu
thang, nh kho, nh v sinh, phng thay , phng cng ngh thng tin v phng k thut.
Ch s truyn nhit tng (OTTV) - Cng dng nhit trung bnh truyn qua lp v cng trnh
vo mi trng bn trong, c tnh theo n v W/m2. Cng trnh c OTTV cng cao th cng
yu cu ti iu ha khng kh ln v mc tiu th in nng ln lm mt. Gim gi tr
OTTV ca v cng trnh gip gim thiu hp th bc x nhit t bn ngoi cng trnh cng nh
ti lm mt ca h thng iu ha khng kh.
Ch s tim nng gy suy gim tng ozone (ODP) - Gi tr c gn cho mi cht lnh da trn
cc tnh ton khoa hc cho thy mc nh hng ca mi loi mi cht lnh i vi tng
ozone khi mi cht lnh c a vo kh quyn. Gi tr tham chiu c da trn mc
nh hng ca mi cht lnh R11, vi ch s ODP l 1. Mi cht lnh c ch s ODP cng thp
th cng t gy hi n mi trng.
Vt liu ti to nhanh - Vt liu sn xut t ngun nguyn liu c th t ti to li trong vng 10

nm hoc t hn sau khi thu hoch.
Mi cht lnh - Mi cht lnh l hp cht c s dng lm trung gian trong chu trnh nhit,
bin i trng thi t th kh sang th lng trong qu trnh trao i nhit gia khng gian cn
iu ha v mi trng bn ngoi.
Nng lng ti to - Nng lng c sinh ra t cc ngun ti nguyn c th c b sung

mt cch t nhin v lin tc nh mt tri, gi, thy triu, nc ma v a nhit.
VBEEC (Quy chun k thut quc gia v cc cng trnh xy dng s dng nng lng hiu
qu) - QCXDVN 09:2013/BXD do B Xy dng ban hnh v l quy nh bt buc ti Vit Nam
nhm t c cc mc tiu tit kim nng lng.
Thng gi - Qu trnh cp kh ti v loi b kh nhim ra khi mt khng gian bng cc

phng php t nhin hoc c kh. Lng khng kh c th tri qua qu trnh iu ha
khng kh hoc khng.
Hp cht hu c d bay hi (VOC) - Hp cht ha hc hu c c th chuyn sang th kh

ngay ti iu kin nhit phng do c p sut bay hi cao. Mt s hp cht hu c d bay
hi c kh nng tc ng tiu cc n sc khe con ngi nu xut hin vi hm lng cao
trong cc khng gian iu ha khng kh km hiu qu.
169
Thit b s dng nc hiu qu - Cc thit b nc s dng lng nc t hn so vi phn ln
cc thit b nc thng thng c cng chc nng.
Cnh quan chu hn - Loi cnh quan gip gim thiu nhu cu ti b sung. Cnh quan chu
hn c khuyn khch p dng ti cc vng c ngun nc sch hn ch.
170

LOTUS SB Hướng Dẫn Kỹ Thuật

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LOTUS SB Hướng Dẫn Kỹ Thuật

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hng dn k thut

Thng 12, 2016

VGBC trn trng cm n s h tr ca Hi ng Cng trnh xanh Australia (GBCA), Hi ng

VGBC xin cm n s gip v ng h nhit tnh ca nhm t vn k thut. S cng hin ca

Hi vin Bch kim

Archetype Vietnam Ltd Artelia Vietnam Co. Ltd.

H thng nh gi LOTUS Cng trnh quy m nh ................................................................. 12

Cc khon trong LOTUS SB ................................................................................................... 20

Nng lng ............................................................................................................................ 22

Sc khe & Tin nghi ............................................................................................................. 63

Mi trng khu vc ................................................................................................................ 82

Cng ng & Qun l ........................................................................................................... 103

Sng kin ............................................................................................................................. 113

Ph lc A: Cc khon Thc tin hiu qu nht ..................................................................... 117

Ph lc B: Phng php tnh hiu nng ............................................................................... 141

Phn thut ng ..................................................................................................................... 163

Gii thiu v VGBC

Hi ng Cng trnh Xanh Vit Nam (VGBC) l mt d n ca Qu Thnh ph Xanh, mt t

VGBC t ra cc mc tiu chnh nh sau:

H thng Chng nhn LOTUS hin ti bao gm:

Chng nhn Chuyn gia T vn LOTUS

2. Tng din tch sn cng trnh (GFA)

LOTUS SB ch p dng cho cc d n xy dng c GFA nh hn 2500 m2.

3. Cng trnh ci to quy m ln

Cc d n ci to quy m ln c th c nh gi vi b cng c LOTUS SB nu p ng

Nc (W) - Gim mc tiu th nc ca cng trnh nh cc thit b s dng nc hiu qu,

D n c coi l p ng yu cu ca mt khon khi t c mc ch ca khon ,

Ty chn v Gii php

Khon thc tin hiu qu nht

Cc khon Thc tin hiu qu nht c lit k ti Ph lc A.

Phng php tnh hiu nng v Phng php tnh n gin

Phng php tnh hiu nng c trnh by ti Ph lc B.

Bng 1: Tnh im trong LOTUS SB

Hng mc T l (%) im im thng

Nng lng 27.5% 22 6

Sc khe & Tin nghi 15% 12 3

Mi trng khu vc 20% 16 0

Cng ng & Qun l 10% 8 4

Mc xp hng u tin ca LOTUS SB Chng nhn LOTUS - c n nh ti 40% tng

Hnh 1: H thng chng nhn v cc mc xp hng

VGBC khuyn khch cc d n np h s xin cp chng nhn LOTUS ngay t cc giai on

Quy trnh chng nhn LOTUS SB bao gm cc bc sau:

Hnh 2: Quy trnh cp chng nhn LOTUS SB

Np n v ng k d n vi VGBC l bc u tin ca Chng nhn LOTUS. Bc ny

Bn ng k cn hon thin n ng k v np cho VGBC. Khi nhn c n ng k,

Ngay khi h s ng k c xc nhn l hp l v y , Bn ng k v n v nh gi

Ngay t giai on thit k, Bn ng k c th chun b cc h s trnh np cho giai on tin

Ti giai on tin nh gi, ni dung ca cc h s trnh np c gin lc. Bn ng k

Trong vng 10 ngy lm vic, n v nh gi s gi phn hi n Bn ng k v cung cp

VGBC khuyn khch cc d n thc hin giai on ny c th t c mc chng nhn

Giai on cp chng nhn

Giai on cp chng nhn l giai on trnh np h s thc t c cp chng nhn

Trong trng hp c bt c khon no trong H s trnh np b t chi, hoc Bn ng k

n v nh gi s gi Kt qu nh gi n i din Bn ng k trong vng 20 ngy lm

VGBC s cp Chng nhn LOTUS sau khi Bn ng k vt qua bc nh gi cui

Cng c ngi dng (User Tool)

Cng c ngi dng LOTUS SB l ti liu chnh ca H s trnh np LOTUS SB. y l mu

giai on Chng nhn, Bn ng k cn trnh np cc bng chng chng minh s p ng

Th mc H s trnh np l th mc chnh cn c gi li cho i din n v nh gi

Trong 7 th mc Hng mc, mi th mc bao gm cc bng chng chng minh s p ng

Th mc ny cha mt s ti liu c cung cp cho i din Bn ng k:

Vi mt nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam, tng trng kinh t v tc th ha nhanh

Vi mc tiu nh trn, LOTUS SB khuyn khch v cho im vi nhng n lc gim thiu mc

Gii php A: Mt ng hng ng v Ty