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Module 10 - Vibrations PDF
Module 10 - Vibrations PDF
Theory 2
Geometry 4
Preprocessor 6
Element Type 6
Real Constants and Material Properties 7
Meshing 9
Displacement 10
Solution 11
General Postprocessor 12
Results 14
Validation 15
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 1
Problem Description:
Nomenclature:
(10.1)
(10.3)
(10.5)
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 2
For a cantilever beam, the displacement and slope are zero at the fixed end, while at the free end,
the moment and shear are zero. Thus the boundary conditions are:
At x=0: At x=L:
y=0
(10.7)
(10.8)
(10.9)
(10.10)
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 3
Geometry
Opening ANSYS Mechanical APDL 3
1. On your Windows 7 Desktop click the Start button
2. Under Search Programs and Files type ANSYS
3. Click on Mechanical APDL (ANSYS) to start
ANSYS. This step may take time.
Preferences
1. Go to Main Menu -> Preferences 2
2. Check the box that says Structural
3. Click OK
1
1
2
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 4
Key points
Since we will be using 1D Elements, our goal is to model the length of the beam.
7
8. Go to Utility Menu -> Plot -> Replot
2
Line
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 5
Preprocessor
Element Type
1. Go to Main Menu -> Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete
2. Click Add
3. Click Beam -> 2D Elastic 3
4. Click OK
4
Beam3 is a uniaxial element with tension, compression, and bending capabilities. The element
has three degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions and
rotation about the nodal z-axis. For more information consult the ANSYS HELP.
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 6
Real Constants and Material Properties
Now we will dimension our beam.
1. Go to Main Menu -> Preprocessor ->
Real Constants -> Add/Edit/Delete
2. Click Add 3
3. Choose Type 1 Beam3
4. Click OK
5. Under Cross-sectional area AREA
enter 1/4
6. Under Area moment of inertia IZZ
2
Enter 1/192
7. Under Total beam height HEIGHT
enter 0.5
8. Click OK
9 4
9. Click Close
5
6
7
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 7
Now we must specify Youngs Modulus, Poissons Ratio and Density
1. Go to Main Menu -> Preprocessor -> Material Props -> Material Models
2. Go to Material Model Number 1 -> Structural -> Linear -> Elastic -> Isotropic
3. Input 7E10 for the Youngs Modulus in EX.
4. Input 0.35 for Poissons Ratio in PRXY
5. Click OK
2 3
4
6
5
8
9. Of Define Material Model Behavior window
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 8
Meshing
3
4
5
6
7. Go to Utility Menu -> Plot -> Nodes
8. Go to Utility Menu -> Plot Controls -> Numbering
9. Check NODE Node Numbers to ON
10. Click OK
10
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 9
The resulting graphic should be as shown:
ANSYS numbers nodes from the left extreme to the right extreme and then numbers from left to
right.
Displacement
1. Go to Main Menu -> Preprocessor -> Loads ->
Define Loads ->Apply ->Structural -> Displacement -> On Nodes
2. Select Pick -> Single -> and click node 1 2
3. Click OK
4. Under Lab2 DOFs to be constrained select All DOF
5. Under Value Displacement value enter 0
6. Click OK
4
3
5
6
The resulting graphic should look as shown below:
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 10
Solution
Analysis Type
1. Go to Main Menu -> Solution -> Analysis Type -> New Analysis
2. Choose Modal
3. Click OK
3
4. Go to Main Menu -> Solution -> Analysis Type ->Analysis Options
5. Under No. of modes to extract enter 8
6
6. Click OK
7. Since there is no added Frequency, click OK in Block Lanczos Window
8. Go to Main Menu -> Solution -> Solve -> Current LS
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 11
General Postprocessor
Natural Frequencies
Go to Main Menu -> General Postproc -> List Results -> Detailed Summary
* Ignore frequencies 3 and 6 in comparison with the theoretical values, these are the torsional
frequencies and were not calculated.
Mode Shape
2
3
3. Click Close
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 12
4. Go to Main Menu -> General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape
5. Under KUND Items to be plotted select Def + undeformed
6. Click OK
5
6
The graphics area should look as below:
You can repeat these steps to view the other mode shapes produced by different frequencies.
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 13
Results
The percent error (%E) in our model can be defined as:
( )
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 14
Validation
90
80
70
Error (%)
60
2 Elements
50
10 Elements
40 500 Elements
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Natural frequency
UCONN ANSYS Module 10: Free Vibration of an Undampened 1D Cantilever Beam Page 15