A

Analysis of Stone Column behavior

. , . . , . , .
. , -.
. , . . ,

:

(FLAC3D). -

- -
-
. -
,
.
Priebe.

ABSTRACT: usual soft soil reinforced with stone columns is investigated through parametric
analyses using the Finite Difference code FLAC3D. On this goal four parameters of major
importance in the design have been chosen and the numerical results are compared with the
findings using conventional design methods. As evidenced from the analyses the Area
Replacement Factor plays a major role in the optimization of the design, as it related strongly with
the control of settlements, a goal which can be approached adequately by the Priebe design
method.

1. ,

.

-

, -
. . -

-
in situ (10% 35%) , -
(- -
), -
-
(- .
sand columns) (-
stone columns). 2.
-
, - -
-

5 & , , , 31/5-2/6/2006 1
 - FLAC3D 2.00
,
- Center: Rotation: Y Z
FLAC3D. X: 1.306e+000 X: 48.731
Y: 1.883e+000 Y: 6.434
- Z: -9.451e+000 Z: 7.714
X

D Dist: 5.780e+001 Mag.: 1.16

Ang.: 22.500
L = 15.0m,
Sketch
s. Linestyle
- Axes
(CL) - Linestyle

c = 30kPa = 8,
E = 5Pa.
,
,

1.

-
2.
Mohr-Coulomb - Figure 2. Computational mesh
- .
c c
o -
s
( 1).

-
,CL
c = 30 kPa

= 8
n (= c / s ) :

1 n
= 40 = 19 kN/m
s = o c = o
= 20 kN/m
D L=15m
E = 5 MPa 1 + (n - 1) as 1 + (n - 1) as
v = 1/3
H=20m
E = 70 MPa
G=
Es
v = 1/3 = 1.875 MPa
2 (1+v) s : ( )
G = 26.25 MPa
K = 70 MPa K=
Es
3 (1-2v)
= 5 MPa
c : ( )

c = 200 kPa s o :

= 45 E = 100 MPa G = 38.46 MPa as:
= 23 kN/m v = 0.3 K = 83.33 MPa (Area Replacement Factor),
-
-

s
:
D2 D
2
Ac Ac 4
as = = as = =
A Ac + As D 2e De
4
2s

c :
D As :

De :
s


De -
1.
.

-
Figure 1. Geotechnical and geometrical confi-
= c + As.
guration of the model

5 & , , , 31/5-2/6/2006 2
 - (kPa)
.3.
100 150 200 250 300 350
- -
0
-

10

20

(cm)
-

30

40

50

60

4. -
3.
Figure 3. Analytical procedure (D=1.0m, s=2.5m)
Figure 4. Settlement as a function of the avera-
3. - - ge applied load (D=1.0m, s=2.5m)

- (kPa)
100 150 200 250 300 350
-
/ (mm)

0
-
- 1
: 2
1.
2. - 3

4
3.
4. , - 5
.
6

- 7
D = 1.0m,
8
s = 2.5m
2. -
, 5.
-
,
(. 4 10). (D=1.0m, s=2.5m)
Figure 5. Lateral bulging of the columns as a
function of the average applied load
(D=1.0m, s=2.5m)

5 & , , , 31/5-2/6/2006 3
 -
, -
(), - , -
, -
-
. , - ,
, - .
-
,
(m)
1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5
. , - 0

(cm)
- D=0.6m
-
10 D=0.8m
,
D=1.0m
.
20
D=1.2m

-

: D= 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 1.2m 30
= 200kPa
n = 2. 40

(m)
50
1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5
0
7. -
D=0.6m
D=0.8m
10

(cm)

D=1.0m
D=1.2m

Figure 7.Soil settlement as a function of their
20 diameter and the distance between
them

30 (m)

1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5

0
(mm)

40
D=0.6m
1
D=0.8m

2 D=1.0m
50
D=1.2m
3
6. -
4
-
5
Figure 6. Column settlement as a function of
their diameter and the distance 6
between them
7
8.
:

5 & , , , 31/5-2/6/2006 4
 , -
.
Figure 8. Lateral bulging of the column as a
function of their diameter and the
distance between them (mm)

- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
( 0

1
as < 0.05) -
2
. , 3 n=2
- n=3
(as > 0.20) 4
n=4
5
, n=5
6

(m)
. n=6
- 7 n=7
- 8 n=8
-
9
,
. 10
- 11
, -
, 12
13
14
:
- 15
-
- 9.
.
5 7, -
(D=1.0m, s=2.5m)
Figure 9. Lateral bulging of a column as a
. function of depth and the Stress Concentration
- Factor (D=1.0m, s=2.5m)
3.0m
- -
(
, ,
as > 0.3) -
2 5,
-
( 9). ,
- -
, -
, .
,
: -
- -
-
. -

.

5 & , , , 31/5-2/6/2006 5
 = 200kPa -
n = 2 n = 5
10. ,
-
A E
(Settlement Reduction Ratio).
( 11) -
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
-
0
,
10 -
(cm)

.
20 n=2 1.0
Equilibrium method
30
0.9 Granular wall method

Finite element method
40 Priebe method
0.8
FLAC 3D
50
0.7

R

0.6
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
0
0.5

10 s=35
(cm)

0.4
n=3
20 n=5
0.3 s=40 n=4
30
n=2 n=5

40 0.2 n=5 s=35 s/ Ec = 10

s/ Ec = 20
50 0.1

s=40
0
10. - 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
- as

11.
Figure 10. Settlements as a function of the Soil
Area Replacement Factor
Figure 11. Comparison of the various predi-
ctive methods of the settlements
in the strengthened ground
-
- Priebe (1995) -
. -
FLAC3D.
-

- ,
- D=1.0m, -
( ). - s=2.5m
- =200kPa (. 12).

-
, - -
in situ -
( ,
). , 14
- .
,

.

5 & , , , 31/5-2/6/2006 6

/
-
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 -
0 , n = 14. -

-

5
.
(cm)

10 5.

15
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30
819.
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819.
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