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1 2 3
1 1, -1 0, 0 -1, 0
2 0, 0 0, 6 10, -1
3 2, 0 10, -1 -1, -1
1 2 3
1 2, 0 1, 1 4, 2
2 3, 4 1, 2 2, 3
3 1, 3 0, 2 3, 0
() () Nash ;
1: 2:
1) 1 0 -1 1) -1 0 0
2) 0 0 10 2) 0 6 -1
3) 2 10 -1 3) 0 -1 -1
1
1 2 .
, Nash.
:
1 1,
2 2 3.
1 2, 3.
1 ,
2 ,
Nash: (3 , 1). (2 , 0)
1: 2:
1) 2 1 4 1) 0 4 3
2) 3 1 2 2) 1 2 2
3) 1 0 3 3) 2 3 0
3
1, . :
1 2 3
1 2, 0 1, 1 4, 2
2 3, 4 1, 2 2, 3
3 1, 3 0, 2 3, 0
2 3.
2x2 .
1 3
2, 0 4, 2 1
3, 4 2, 3 2
Nash,
: (1 , 3) (2 , 1) (4 , 2)
(3 , 4) .
,
( 1) ( 2).
1 .
.
0, -1 2, 0
2, 1 3, 0
Nash .
1
2 ( ). ,
1 , 2 .
2 .
Nash
(, ) (2, 1).
. Nash
.
3
.
,
. ,
,
.
:
400 . ;
600 . ;
, 800 . 300 .
Nash.
(. , . ),
(400, 400). Nash. .
(, ).
,
.
4
, , 1000 ,
1000 ,
sA s , 0sA, s1000.
0sA + s1000, ,
.
Nash ;
Nash
:
(, 1000-), [0, 1000]
, Nash
1000.
Nash.
(500, 500), Pareto.
Focal Point,
.
.
0 10.
. ,
.
Nash ,
.
. 1/6. ,
. ,
1.
Nash. , 1,,10
Nash.
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
( ).
,
.
C(qi)=10+2qi, I=1, 2,
, P(q1+ q2)=320-2(q1+ q2).
() ;
,
; () ;
() Nash
;
318 - 2q2
: =0 318 - 4q1 - 2q2 = 0 q1=
q1 4
159 - q2
q1 = = R1(q2)
2
159 q1
: q2 = = R2(q1)
2
q1 q2 .
. :
Nash
,
(reaction functions).
q1* = 53 (2)
, ,
. ,
. ,
.
,
. x x
(, xs = 4 - xx
). UA( xA,
xS) = xA (1,5 + xS) UB( xB, xS) = xB (1,5 + xS).
()
;
() .
() Nash.
;
( (xA, xSA) )
) (2, 0)
) (0, 2)
) (1, 1)
: xA= 0, 1, 2 xSA= 0, 1, 2
( (x, xS) )
) (2, 0)
) (0, 2)
) (1, 1)
UA( xA, xS) = xA (1,5 + xS) UB( xB, xS) = xB (1,5 + xS)
:
Nash [(xA=2,
xSA=0) , (x=2, xS=0)] (3,3).
. Pareto Efficient
Focal Point [(xA=1, xSA=1) , (x=1, xS=1)]
(3.5 , 3.5).
.
,
.
, ,
.
. R, I
,
, C
(
).
(.
).
()
.
() I+M C > I > I C > 0,
:
Nash
.
() I > 0 >I+M C > I C ,
().
()
IC,RI I C+M , R I M
-. I,R-I 0,R
()
()
IC,RI I C+M , R I M
-. I,R-I 0,R
Nash , (
, ) (0 , R)
:
,
, .
,
,
.
,
.
p=120 (q1+q2+q3), qi
= 1, 2, 3. .
.
() Cournot Nash ;
() ;
()
; .
()
;
()
120 - q2 - q3
q1 = = R1(q2 , q3)
2
2 3 :
120 - q1 - q3
q2 = = R2(q1 , q3)
2
120 - q1 q2
q3 = = R3(q1 , q2)
2
q1* = 30 (2)
: i = pqi (3)
1: 1= (120 3q1) q1 = 30 x 30 = 900
2: 2= 900
3: 3= 900
()
1 2 Q1
.
120 - q3
Q1 = = R 1(q3)
2
120 - Q1
R 1(q3) q3 = = R3(Q1).
2
: Q*1= q*3
120 - Q*1
: Q*1= 3Q*1= 120 Q*1= 40
2
: Q*1= q*3 = 40
:
1 = 2 = 900.
, 1800
. ,
1 = 1600, .
. ,
.
()
: , n,
n
: Max (120 qi) q1 ( / 1)
q1 1
n
: =0 120 - qi - 2q1 = 0
q1 2
n
120 - qi
q1 = = R1(qi) , i = 2,, n
2
,
:
n
120 - qi
qk = 2 = Rk(qi) , i , k = 1,, n
2
:
120
= (120 nq*) q* q* = :
n+1
14400 n 14400 n
= - 14400 = (1- )
2
n+1 (n+1) n+1 n+1
n q* ,
limq* = lim = 0
.
,
.