Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts

Mathematics 54Elementary Analysis 2

Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines-Diliman

1 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Integration by Parts
Let u = f (x) and v = g(x) be differentiable functions. Consider the
Product Rule:
d dv du
[uv] = u + v
dx dx dx

dv d du
= [uv] v
u
dx dx dx
Integrating on both sides:
Z Z Z
udv = d(uv) vdu
Z Z
udv = uv vdu

Integration by Parts (IBP)

Z Z
udv = uv vdu
Z b b Z b
udv = uv vdu

a a a
2 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Choosing u and dv

Remarks.
The idea of IBP is to express a difficult integral in terms of an
easier one.

A wise choice for u is one that is simpler when differentiated,

and for dv is one that is readily integrated.

3 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises
R R
udv = uv vdu

Example 1. Find
Z
xex dx.

To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u

and dv:
u = x, dv = ex dx
u = 1, dv = xex dx
u = ex , dv = xdx
x
u = xe , dv = dx

4 / 12
Z Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

xex dx

Choice 1:

u =x dv = ex dx
du = dx v = ex + K We can set K = 0.

Z Z
xex dx = x(ex + K ) (ex + K )dx
| {z } | {z }
uv vdu
Z Z
= xex + Kx ex dx Kdx

= xex + Kx ex Kx + C
= xex ex + C

5 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Other choices of u and dv for xex dx

R

Choice 2: u = 1, dv = xex dx (difficult to integrate)

Choice 3:
u = ex dv = xdx
2
x
du = e dx v = x2
2 Z 2
x x x
Z
x
xe dx = e ex dx (complicated)
2 2

Choice 4:
u = xex dv = dx
du = (ex + xex )dx v = x.
Z Z
xex dx = x2 ex x(ex + xex )dx (complicated)

6 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises
R R
udv = uv vdu

Example 2. Find
Z p
3
x x + 1dx.

Let p3
u =x = x + 1dx
dv
3
du = dx = 4 (x + 1)4/3
v
Z p 3
Z
3
= x(x + 1)4/3 (x + 1)4/3 dx
3
x x + 1dx
4 4
3 9
= x(x + 1)4/3 (x + 1)7/3 + C
4 28

7 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises
R R
udv = uv vdu

Example 3. Find
Z 1
2
sin1 x dx.
0

Let
u = sin1 x dv = dx
du = p 1 2 dx v = x.
1x
1 1 Z 1
x
Z
2 2
sin1 x dx
2
= x sin1 x p dx
0 0 0 1 x2
1 p 1
2 2
= x sin1 x + 1 x2
0 0
1 1
hq i
= 2 sin1 2 0 sin1 0 + 1 14 1

p p
= 12 6 0 + 23 1 = 12
+ 23 1

8 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

More Examples
Example 4. Find
Z
x tan1 xdx.

Let
u = tan1 x dv = xdx
2
1
du = 1+x 2 dx v = x2 .
x2
Z Z
x2
x tan1 xdx = 2 tan1 x dx
2(x2 + 1)
x2 + 1 1
Z
x2
= 2 tan1 x dx
2(x2 + 1)
Z
1 1
Z
2
= x2 tan1 x dx dx
2 2(x2 + 1)
2
1

= x2 tan1 x 12 x tan2 x + C

= 12 (x2 + 1) tan1 x 12 x + C
9 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

More Examples

Example 5. Evaluate
Z
ex sin x dx.

Let
u = sin x dv = ex dx
du = cos xdx v = ex .
Z
ex sin x dx = ex sin x ex cos x dx
R
(IBP)

Let
u = cos x, dv = ex dx
du = sin xdx, v = ex .

10 / 12
Z Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises
Z
ex sin x dx = ex sin x ex cos x dx

u = cos x, dv = ex dx
du = sin xdx, v = ex .

Z
ex sin x dx = ex sin x e|x cos
R x
{z x} e| ( sin
{z
x) dx
}
vu vdu
x x x x
R R
e sin x dx = e sin x e cos x e sin x dx
1 x
ex sin x dx e sin x ex cos x + C
R
=
2

11 / 12
 Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Exercises

Evaluate the following integrals.

Z Z
1 xe 2x
dx 3 (ln x)2 dx

(ln x)2
Z Z
2 x ln x dx 4 dx
x

12 / 12